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2700
[ "Objectives", "Generally", ",", "neuropathies", "of", "peripheral", "nerves", "are", "a", "frequent", "condition", "(", "prevalence", "2", "-", "3", "%", ")", "and", "most", "frequently", "due", "to", "alcoholism", ",", "diabetes", ",", "renal", "insufficiency", ",", "malignancy", ",", "toxins", ",", "or", "drugs", "." ]
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2701
[ "However", ",", "the", "vast", "majority", "of", "neuropathies", "has", "orphan", "status", "." ]
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2702
[ "This", "review", "focuses", "on", "the", "etiology", ",", "frequency", ",", "diagnosis", ",", "and", "treatment", "of", "orphan", "neuropathies", "." ]
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2703
[ "Methods", "Literature", "reviewResults", ":", "Rareness", "of", "diseases", "is", "not", "uniformly", "defined", "but", "in", "the", "US", "an", "orphan", "disease", "is", "diagnosed", "if", "the", "prevalence", "is", "<", "1:200000", ",", "in", "Europe", "if", "<", "5:10000", "." ]
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2704
[ "Most", "acquired", "and", "hereditary", "neuropathies", "are", "orphan", "diseases", "." ]
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2705
[ "Often", "the", "causative", "variant", "has", "been", "reported", "only", "in", "a", "single", "patient", "or", "family", ",", "particularly", "the", "ones", "that", "are", "newly", "detected", "(", "e.g." ]
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2706
[ "SEPT9", ",", "SORD", ")", "." ]
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2707
[ "Among", "the", "complex", "neuropathies", "(", "hereditary", "multisystem", "disorders", "with", "concomitant", "neuropathies", ")", "orphan", "forms", "have", "been", "reported", "among", "mitochondrial", "disorders", "(", "e.g." ]
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2708
[ "NARP", ",", "MNGIE", ",", "SANDO", ")", ",", "spinocerebellar", "ataxias", "(", "e.g." ]
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2709
[ "TMEM240", ")", ",", "hereditary", "spastic", "paraplegias", "(", "e.g", "UBAP1", ")", ",", "lysosomal", "storage", "disease", "(", "e.g." ]
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2710
[ "Schindler", "disease", ")", ",", "peroxisomal", "disorders", ",", "porphyrias", ",", "and", "other", "types", "(", "e.g." ]
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2711
[ "giant", "axonal", "neuropathy", ",", "Tangier", "disease", ")", "." ]
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2712
[ "Orphan", "acquired", "neuropathies", "include", "the", "metabolic", "neuropathies", "(", "e.g." ]
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2713
[ "vitamin", "-", "B1", ",", "folic", "acid", ")", ",", "toxic", "neuropathies", "(", "e.g." ]
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2714
[ "copper", ",", "lithium", ",", "lead", ",", "arsenic", ",", "thallium", ",", "mercury", ")", ",", "infectious", "neuropathies", ",", "immune", "-", "mediated", "(", "e.g." ]
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2715
[ "Bruns", "-", "Garland", "syndrome", ")", ",", "and", "neoplastic", "/", "paraneoplastic", "neuropathies", "." ]
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2716
[ "Conclusions", "Though", "orphan", "neuropathies", "are", "rare", "per", "definition", "they", "constitute", "the", "majority", "of", "neuropathies", "and", "should", "be", "considered", "as", "some", "of", "them", "are", "easy", "to", "identify", "and", "potentially", "treatable", ",", "as", "clarification", "of", "the", "underlying", "cause", "may", "contribute", "to", "the", "knowledge", "about", "etiology", "and", "pathophysiology", "of", "these", "conditions", ",", "and", "as", "the", "true", "prevalence", "may", "become", "obvious", "only", "if", "all", "ever", "diagnosed", "cases", "are", "reported", "." ]
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2717
[ "On", "3", "August", "1900", ",", "bubonic", "plague", "(", "Yersinia", "pestis", ")", "broke", "out", "in", "Glasgow", "for", "the", "first", "time", "during", "the", "Third", "Pandemic", "." ]
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2718
[ "The", "local", "sanitary", "authorities", "rigorously", "tracked", "the", "spread", "of", "the", "disease", "and", "they", "found", "that", "nearly", "all", "of", "the", "35", "cases", "could", "be", "linked", "by", "contact", "with", "a", "previous", "case", "." ]
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2719
[ "Despite", "trapping", "hundreds", "of", "rats", "in", "the", "area", ",", "there", "was", "no", "evidence", "of", "a", "rat", "epizootic", "and", "the", "investigators", "speculated", "that", "the", "outbreak", "could", "be", "due", "to", "human", "-", "to", "-", "human", "transmission", "of", "bubonic", "plague", "." ]
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2720
[ "Here", "we", "use", "a", "likelihood", "-", "based", "method", "to", "reconstruct", "transmission", "trees", "for", "the", "outbreak", "." ]
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2721
[ "From", "the", "description", "of", "the", "outbreak", "and", "the", "reconstructed", "trees", ",", "we", "infer", "several", "epidemiological", "parameters", "." ]
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2722
[ "We", "found", "that", "the", "estimated", "mean", "serial", "interval", "was", "7.4", "-", "9.2", "days", "and", "the", "mean", "effective", "reproduction", "number", "dropped", "below", "1", "after", "implementation", "of", "control", "measures", "." ]
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2723
[ "We", "also", "found", "a", "high", "rate", "of", "secondary", "transmissions", "within", "households", "and", "observations", "of", "transmissions", "from", "individuals", "who", "were", "not", "terminally", "septicaemic", "." ]
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2724
[ "Our", "results", "provide", "important", "insights", "into", "the", "epidemiology", "of", "a", "bubonic", "plague", "outbreak", "during", "the", "Third", "Pandemic", "in", "Europe", "." ]
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2725
[ "Aim", "To", "assess", "the", "prevalence", "of", "persistent", "lipid", "abnormalities", "in", "statin", "-", "treated", "patients", "with", "diabetes", "with", "and", "without", "the", "metabolic", "syndrome", "." ]
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2726
[ "Methods", "This", "was", "a", "cross", "-", "sectional", "study", "of", "22,063", "statin", "-", "treated", "outpatients", "consecutively", "recruited", "by", "clinicians", "in", "Canada", "and", "11", "European", "countries", "." ]
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2727
[ "Patient", "cardiovascular", "risk", "factors", ",", "risk", "level", ",", "lipid", "measurements", "and", "lipid", "-", "modifying", "medication", "regimens", "were", "recorded", "." ]
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2728
[ "Results", "Of", "the", "20,129", "subjects", "who", "had", "documented", "diabetes", "and/or", "metabolic", "syndrome", "status", ",", "41", "%", "had", "diabetes", "(", "of", "whom", "86.8", "%", "also", "had", "the", "metabolic", "syndrome", ")", "." ]
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2729
[ "Of", "those", "with", "diabetes", ",", "48.1", "%", "were", "not", "at", "total", "cholesterol", "target", "compared", "with", "58", "%", "of", "those", "without", "diabetes", "." ]
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2730
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2731
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2732
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2733
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2734
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2735
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2736
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2737
[ "Osteogenesis", "imperfecta", "describes", "a", "group", "of", "genetic", "disorders", "that", "result", "from", "a", "defect", "in", "collagen", "type", "I", "and", "range", "in", "severity", "from", "a", "subtle", "increase", "in", "fracture", "frequency", "to", "death", "in", "the", "perinatal", "period", "." ]
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2738
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2739
[ "There", "have", "only", "been", "a", "few", "case", "reports", "of", "implant", "-", "prosthetic", "treatment", "for", "patients", "with", "osteogenesis", "imperfecta", "." ]
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2740
[ "These", "reports", "indicated", "that", "implants", "and", "augmentation", "procedures", "can", "be", "implemented", "in", "such", "patients", "." ]
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2741
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2742
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2743
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2744
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2745
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2746
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2747
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2748
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2749
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2750
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2751
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2752
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2753
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2754
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2755
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2756
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2757
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2758
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2759
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2760
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2761
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2769
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2770
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2771
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2776
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2780
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2781
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2782
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2783
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2785
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2786
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2789
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2790
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2791
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2792
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2793
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2794
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2795
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2796
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2797
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2798
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