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Themes in Literature/Isolation and Community/They shut me up in Prose. Introduction. The United States has reached a societal milestone where individuals are largely liberated to express themselves authentically, pursue diverse vocations, and challenge conventional norms. However, the journey to this era of personal autonomy was long in the making. Only two centuries ago, American society was rigidly structured, with distinct gender roles and expectations. While these constraints were pervasive, they did not stifle rebellion entirely. Emily Dickinson, the 19th-century poet, defied societal expectations with unconventional audacity. Her poetry serves as a poignant reflection of the frustration and confinement experienced by women of her era. In "They Shut Me Up in Prose" (1862), Dickinson encapsulates her liberation through solitude. The text. They shut me up in Prose – As when a little Girl They put me in the Closet – Because they liked me “still”  – Still! Could themself have peeped – And seen my Brain – go round – They might as wise have lodged a Bird For Treason – in the Pound – Himself has but to will And easy as a Star Look down opon Captivity – And laugh – No more have I – Glossary. The American vocabulary in the 19th Century was very different from what it is now. Dickinson’s poetry is also notorious for the use of a variety of connotations, so understanding the definitions of certain words gives new meaning to her writing. The Emily Dickinson Lexicon (https://edl.byu.edu/) was created to help define these words to allow the reader a clearer understanding of her poetry. Here are some definitions of words used in this poem: Bird, n. Brain, n. Captivity, n. Closet, n. Laugh, v. Lodge, v. Might, n. Upon (opon), prep. Peep, v. Pound, n. Prose, n. Star, n. Still, v. Treason, n. Wise, n. Analysis. Dickinson found in poetry a means to cultivate a distinctive voice through which to articulate her perceptions of the world. However, the prevailing societal expectations of womanhood curtailed female artistic expression. Enforced domesticity and economic dependence on a husband constituted the prescribed role for women of the era. As Coleworth Pinckney's "The Lady’s Token: or Gift of Friendship" (1848) suggests, women were at their best when mild, affable, modest, and silent until spoken to: "Occupy yourself only with household affairs — wait till your husband confides to you those of a high importance — and do not give your advice till he asks it." The opening lines of "They Shut Me Up in Prose" suggest a speaker subjected to such constraints: They shut me up in Prose – As when a little Girl They put me in the Closet – Because they liked me “still”   – In the opening line of the first stanza, the speaker emphasizes her confinement by an impersonal force represented by "They," a force that seeks to restrict her creativity by imposing on her the conventions of prose. The dullness of prose stands in stark contrast to the vibrancy and liberation that poetry offers, a medium that celebrates originality, freedom, and individuality. The second line introduces a flashback, as the speaker recalls a moment of epiphany from when she was "a little girl" that illuminates her current situation. The third and fourth lines depict the speaker's confinement at the hands of this authority figure ("They") who enforces silence and conformity through a cruel punishment: being locked away "in the closet" for refusing to be "still." This act of imprisonment serves as a metaphor for the societal constraints placed upon Dickinson, who, like the speaker, dares to defy expectations by pursuing a path as a poet, a profession largely deemed unsuitable for women during her era. The second and third stanzas then introduce an interesting shift: Still! Could themself have peeped – And seen my Brain – go round – They might as wise have lodged a Bird For Treason – in the Pound – Himself has but to will And easy as a Star Look down upon Captivity – And laugh – No more have I – The second stanza opens with a powerful exclamation, "Still!", that oozes sarcasm, immediately exposing the absurdity of the constraints placed upon the speaker. The speaker defies the futility of such limitations, acknowledging the physical confinement while asserting the boundless freedom of her mind. The lines that follow employ a witty bird metaphor to highlight how ludicrous is to attempt to silence a poet. The image of a bird being imprisoned for treason exposes the comicality of trying to suppress the very essence of artistic expression. The final stanza extends the metaphor of the bird, emphasizing the ease with which the creative spirit transcends confinement. The bird, soaring above its would-be captors, regards them with amusement from its privileged perspective. This elevated vantage point symbolically mirrors the speaker's own position. Her intellect and imagination soar beyond the narrow constraints imposed by "They," granting her the freedom she craves. In effect, she has already achieved liberation, much like the bird that has effortlessly escaped its cage. The poem explores the tension between the desire for individual expression and the constraints imposed by a homogenous society. Individuality, the philosophy of self-reliance and uniqueness, thrives on the very aspects that distinguish us—our varied needs, rights, goals, and moral compasses. However, when societal expectations attempt to erase these distinctions, as in the case of the rigid gender roles prescribed for women in Dickinson's era, the sense of self is inevitably lost. The group, in this case, women, is pressured to conform to a singular identity. Those who dare to deviate from the established norms risk being ostracized and labeled as outrageous, deviant, or even insane. What is fascinating about Dickinson is that she turned this secluded domestic space into a creative space. As Medhkour explains, At first glance, the way Dickinson shut herself up in her bedroom seemingly contradicts this poem’s message. She chose four walls over the usual concept of freedom. Nonetheless, this poem exemplifies Dickinson’s choice. The prison was outside of her room—her walls kept things out, not her in. Her room was where her mind could “go round” and be free of captivity, because that is where she wrote poetry. It is the place where “I” finds precedence over “They.” She chose to not publish traditionally because “They” would “shut [her] up in Prose” or force her to write poetry that was an “acceptable” subject for women or more regular in syntax, stanza, and rhyme as was the style of the time. In brief, the poem “They Shut Me Up in Prose” honors the liberty Emily Dickinson achieved from society. Even though Dickinson lacked social contact, she remained true to herself, exploring her individuality and passionately writing poems—over 1,800 in her lifetime. Her mind and ideas were always free, unaffected by restrictive social conventions, highlighting the power of one's mind over external limitations. Emily Dickinson exemplifies a feminist poet who was revolutionary in a patriarchal society. Transforming your feelings into verse. Let's write a poem! Just take a piece of paper and a pencil and start writing about any moment in your life. Think about how you felt, where you were, and what it smelled like. It doesn’t have to be perfect! After you have your first draft, let's shorten it and try to think of different words to express the same or deeper feelings. Instead of "love," you can use colors like "red," and instead of "passion," you can use objects like "fire." You can also use metaphors and compare emotions, like "Love is like a rollercoaster" or "This passion is like a burning sun." You can also go to the website "Poem Generator" and create your own poem with your own specifications: https://www.poem-generator.org.uk/ Other poems by Emily Dickinson. For even more poems and Dickinson's letters, see the transcription projects at Wikisource:https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Emily_Dickinson

Pokémon Trading Card Game/Stadium Cards. Stadium Cards: Stadium cards are used to give a player an extra bonus or special conditions. There can only be one stadium card during your play. However, you do not have to discard the stadium until you change into a new one. Also, if a stadium card is in your deck you can’t place it if you have a card that has the same as it that is in play. An example of an affect that happens is, “each Pokémon that has any fairy energy attached to it (both yours and your opponent’s) has no retreat cost” (Fairy Garden 100/124 Fates Collide).

Pokémon Trading Card Game/Supporter Cards. Supporter Cards: Supporter cards help give the play an extra bonus if meeting the right conditions. It can be something as simple as drawing 2 cards or slightly healing your Pokémon. However, you are supposed to only play one supporter card per turn and before you decide to attack.

Pokémon Trading Card Game/Pokémon-EX Cards. EX Cards: EX cards are powerful Pokémon that have very powerful attacks but require a lot of energy cards to land an attack. There are 4 types of ex cards. They are normal, full arts, rainbow and promotional cards. However, these cards are hard to get in packs in are not too common to find. There is also a rule for ex cards for when they get knocked out. If they get knocked out then you or your opponent gets 2 prize cards.

Pokémon Emerald/Rustboro - First gym. Route 104. This route is connecting between Petalburg to Rustboro. Which in the middle of it resides Petalburg Woods. First part. This part of route 104 from Peltaburg is half grassy, half beach like. Both of them have trainers. Trainers. Assuming you will want to battle here them all, those are the trainers: The first trainers you can actually avoid battling. While Lady Cindy might be tricky to avoid, but it possible when being fast. Still, it's recommended to fight them all. Especially if you have Torchik, you will want to evolve it before the first Gym, so he will have effecting moves against Rock types. Items and Exploring. Except for berries (as in route 102), there's an item in unaccessible area at the moment of this part. Only after entering the Petalburg Woods it's possible to take it. There's also Mr. Briney Cottage here. But at the moment he's not here. This will be a house we will return to in the future. Petalburg Woods. Trainers and Items part 1. As soon you will enter the woods, go right 'till the end, you will see bushes with some empty spot. Go besides the empty spot and click A to find hidden item - Potion. Going down from there and you will come back to the inaccessible spot in route 104 you couldn't reach before. Take the item to acquire a PokeBall. Now, you can go back to the woods either from where you entered this spot, or either jump through the ledges and enter the woods from the beginning to avoid Pokemon in the grass. Either way, now it's time to go left from where we began our journey to the Petalburg Woods. The first NPC you will meet there is a bug catcher trainer Lyle. He will have 4 Pokemon, but not be afraid as they are all Lvl3 Wurmple. While they could be beaten by almost any Pokemon, if you hadn't chose Torchik, it is recommended to catch Taillow in Route 104 to beat all the Bug Pokemon you gonna encounter in the woods and the bug catcher trainers here. After beating Lyle, going upstairs will reveal new item, pick up a Paralyze Heal. If your Pokemon gonna be paralyze by Bug Pokemon in the woods, use it to heal them, or rather use your bought heals if you bought any. Continue right and once you will attempt to go up, a scenario is gonna happen. First battle with Team Aqua. You will meet a Devon worker that needs help finding Shroomish, immediately following the dialogue, a Team Aqua grunt gonna show up. Follow the dialogue to your first Team Aqua grunt battle. This grunt have only one Pokemon Lvl9 Poochyena. While it will be the highest level Pokemon you fought so far, your starter Pokemon should be around this level. Wether they are or not, he will most likely use Howl attack several times to increase it's attack, taking advantage of that and beating him should be piece of cake. Follow the dialogue to understand that Team Aqua are up to something in Rustboro City, and then the Devon worker will give you Great Ball as thanks. Trainers and Items part 2. Continue right from where you fought the Team Aqua grunt, and right where the road starting going up, you will encounter bug catcher James. He's going to have 2 Lvl6 Nincada. Continue upward and you will find another item to pick up an Ether. In the left there will be cuttable trees, that later could be cut away. Since we don't have something else to do here, continue up to exit the woods to continue Route 104. Second Part. Follow up the road to find Pretty Petal Flower Shop, go in. The first NPC will teach you about berries, but won't give you nothing. The NPC behind here on the other hand will give you Wailmer Pail, which will enable you to water berries in soil grounds where you took berries from. Talk to the third NPC in this house and she will give you Persim Berry. Now get out from this house, go left and upward to the bushes area. In the first clear sport area, there's hidden item to pick, a PokeBall. The non-hidden item is a Potion. Little upward from this item in another clear spot you will find hidden item Super Potion. And that's it for this area. Now get back to the main road and go left. The first trainer you will encounter will be Rich Bou Winston. He's gonna have one Pokemon Lvl7 Zigzagoon. While beating Zigzagoon probably will be a joke right now, he have some potions in his sleeves to heal him if you won't beat him in 1-2 strikes. Continue left and you will see a bridge in the water. Before entering it though you will encounter another trainer, Lass Haley. She have a Lvl6 Lotad and Lvl6 Shroomish. If you caught Taillow this should be piece of cake. Beware though that Shroomish might make your Pokemon fall asleep. Continue upward the Bridge, and before encountering the next trainers make sure your Pokemon are healed, since you gonna have your first Double Battle in the game. One you go right the twins Gina and Mia are gonna Double Battle you. They have Lvl6 Seedot and Lvl6 Lotad. This should not be a hard battle, but be aware to the Double Battle strategy. Note that if you have only one Pokemon, or if your other Pokemon are fainted, this battle would not be triggered. Continue upward the bridge, and we are right in Restburo City entrance. If you want, you can talk to the Fisherman besides the water to trigger a battle, Fisherman Ivan will have 3 Magikarp with different level - Lvl5, Lvl6 and Lvl7. EXP Points won't be hight, so you might consider this off. In the Right corner of the water after the fisherman, an NPC will give you Chesto berry to plant, or to use it yourself. Before going up the city straightforward, you will see that the city fence is open in the right side, go in that road to pick an item in the end - X Defend. Go back the road and finally enter the city.

Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/Algorithms. Worlflow for 2D static image. Separate the calculation phase from the colouring phase (Claude Heiland-Allen) Workflow Examples: Image Magic using CLUT convert input.pgm -level 0,65532 clut.ppm -clut -depth 8 output.png PFract program: ./pfract -x 0.160211 -y -0.684246 -size $xSize $ySize -iterations 256 -rad -10 example5.raw ./colorize example5.raw example5.ppm -spawn -400 -scale 1.6 -fadedepth 25 Algorithm general types. general computer graphic algorithms. coloring algorithms. Pages representation functions. Algorithms: Algorithms, methods of drawing/computing or representation functions ( for space transformations see here) Parameter plane ( with Mandelbrot set it's components, islands, decorations, ...) Dynamic plane (with Julia and Fatou sets) Algorithms by Claude Heiland-Allen. Code

Supplementary mathematics/Cone. A cone is a geometric body that is created when all the points of a bounded and connected area lying in one plane are connected in a straight line with a point outside the plane. If the patch is a circular disk, the solid is called a circular cone. The area is called the base area, its boundary line is the directrix, the point is called the tip, apex or vertex of the cone and the area on the side is called the lateral surface. A cone has a vertex (the apex), an edge (the directrix) and two faces (the lateral and the base). The vertex of a cone is not a vertex because the vertex is not an endpoint of edges (see definition of vertex). The height of the cone means both the perpendicular from the tip to the base (i.e. the height is always perpendicular to the base) and the length of this perpendicular (i.e. the distance between the tip and the base). The lines connecting the tip with the directrix are called generatrices, their union forms the cone envelope or the lateral surface. Ellipse, parabola and hyperbola are conic sections. In connection with conic sections, a "cone" is often understood as a "double cone". Especially in technology, a cone or a truncated cone is often referred to as a cone (from Latin conus) or conical.

Supplementary mathematics/Analytic geometry. Analytical geometry (also vector geometry) is a branch of geometry that provides algebraic tools (mainly from linear algebra) to solve geometric problems. In many cases, it makes it possible to solve geometric problems purely by calculation, without using the visual aid. On the other hand, geometry that justifies its propositions on an axiomatic basis without reference to a number system is called synthetic geometry. The methods of analytical geometry are used in all natural sciences, but above all in physics, such as in the description of planetary orbits. Originally, analytical geometry dealt only with questions of planar and spatial (Euclidean) geometry. In the general sense, however, analytic geometry describes affine spaces of any dimension over any body.

Fractals/perturbation. Fast deep zoom =Perturbation method= "The thing we call perturbation consist of 2 things: Calculate one pixel with high precision and use it as a reference for all other pixels. This method will fail though, however thanks to Pauldelbrot we have a trustable method of detecting the pixels where the reference fails to compute the pixel with hardware precision. These pixels can be rendered with a reference closer to these pixels, so a typical perturbation render use several references. This method gives a speedup at about 10 times on depths of 10^100 Use a truncated Taylor series to approximate a starting value for a specific iteration, which make you able to skip all previous iterations. This method gives a speedup of typically Another 10 times on depths of 10^100, and together the speed up is typically 100 times. This, which we call Series Approximation, is where we have issues since we do not have any solid theoretically way of finding when too many iterations are skipped - for all pixels in the view. The more terms you include in the Taylor series, the more iterations you are able to skip. So if you stay below say 50 terms, it is not likely that you ever encounter any issues. Because some views can be correctly rendered 1000 or 100,000 times faster than full precision for each pixel with many terms - can you imagine a month turned into seconds! shocked K.I.Martin originally used only 3 terms " - Kalles Fraktaler =Description= Very highly magnified images require more than the standard 64-128 or so bits of precision most hardware floating-point units provide, requiring renderers use slow "bignum" or "arbitrary precision" math libraries to calculate. However, this can be sped up by the exploitation of perturbation theory. Given as the iteration, and a small epsilon, it is the case that or so if one defines one can calculate a single point (e.g. the center of an image) using normal, high-precision arithmetic ("z"), giving a "reference orbit", and then compute many points around it in terms of various initial offsets epsilon-zero plus the above iteration for epsilon. For most iterations, epsilon does not need more than 16 significant figures, and consequently hardware floating-point may be used to get a mostly accurate image. There will often be some areas where the orbits of points diverge enough from the reference orbit that extra precision is needed on those points, or else additional local high-precision-calculated reference orbits are needed. This rendering method, and particularly the automated detection of the need for additional reference orbits and automated optimal selection of same, is an area of ongoing, active research. Renderers implementing the technique are publicly available and offer speedups for highly magnified images in the multiple orders of magnitude range. =Newton-Raphson zooming = One can "use newton's method to find and progressively refine the precision of the location of the minibrot at the center of a pattern. This allows them to arbitrarily select a magnification between the location they started at and the final minibrot they calculate to be at the center of that location." =Glitches= Glitches glitches in perturbation method How to detect glitches: How to choose reference point ( by Claude): Types of glitches by Claude: 1. Reference escapes early, this type can be avoided by picking a non-escaping reference 2. Too-different dynamics (detected easily by Pauldelbrot's heuristic, detected accurately by gerrit's backwards error analysis, think knighty had another method too) Type 1 can be improved by picking a random glitched pixel as the new reference and retrying Type 2 can sometimes be fixed by using pixel with minimum |z| at the glitch iteration (possibly using derivative for 1 step of Newton's method to make it closer to a miniset), but often picking a random pixel works just as well - the advantage for minimum |z| comes for Mandelbrot set where you don't need to restart iterations from the beginning because minisets are periodic through 0 and the period is the glitch iteration (I use this in my mandelbrot-perturbator thing) KF uses an algorithm I don't really understand for finding the "glitch center" based on pixel regions, but also has options for random choice and minimum |z| (without the fancy stuff from mandelbrot-perturbator). Locations: Knighty's SMB which I think is still a bit faster than KF though being more of a testbed than a usable renderer puts the glitches in distinct sets (G1.., Gn) with same iteration number where glitch was detected. Next references will then be 1 random pixel from each of the G1..,Gn and is used only to recalculate the pixels in each set G. Secondary glitches simply generate another set G and you just put then in some queue or stack and keep going at it till no more G sets left. When dealing with glitched pixels you can use the same series expansion as a starting point. ( Gerrit) =Rebasing= Rebasing means resetting the reference iteration to the start when the pixel orbit (i.e. Z+z , the reference plus delta) gets near a critical point (like 0+0i for the Mandelbrot set). If there is more than one critical point, you need reference orbits starting at each of them, and this test can switch to a different reference orbit. For this case, pick the orbit o that minimizes |(Z−Zo)+z| , among the current reference orbit at iteration whatever, and the critical point orbits at iteration number 0 . Rebasing means you only need as many reference orbits as critical points (which for simple formulas like the Mandelbrot set and Burning Ship means only one), and glitches are avoided rather than detected, needing to be corrected later. This is a big boost to efficiency (which is nice) and correctness (which is much more important). =Effects= Perturbation algorithm with series approximation ( 100 times faster on zoom levels around e100! ) =Precision= For deeper zooms there are 3 options: =history= =Programs= =Compare= =References=

Micronations/List of already existing micronations/SSC-Khatumo. The SSC-Khatumo is a micronation which was officially founded in February 6th. 2023, although its forerunner, the SSC Movement, was founded in March 2009 by Suleiman Haglotosiye and Ali Sabarey. The adaptation of the SSC Movement, namely SSC-Khatumo occurred in at the behest of mainly the youth of the city of Las Anod following an assassination that occurred on the 26th of December 2022. These youth began protesting what they saw as a lack of action on the part of the governing secessionist authorities based in Hergeisa to the latest in a string of assassinations that had occurred in the city since 2009 that targeted the city's elite people. As the Las Anod youth began holding street demonstrations against what they saw as an orchestrated eliticide, a paramilitary group funded and trained by Britain called RRU began gunning down the street protesters. Over the next month, a string of traditional elders of the Reer Darawiish tribe began flooding into the city in an attempt to quell the chaos and to instill a sense of peace, law and order and tranquility. Subsequently, the most senior of the chieftains of the Reer Darawiish tribe, namely Garad Jama Garad Ali, publically declared the creation of a new federal state of Somalia, which would be called SSC-Khatumo and would initially consist of the Fiqishini tribe and the Reer Darawiish tribe. Since the incumbent president of Somalia Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has as of the 2020s not recognized it as one of its member states, the de facto status of the SSC-Khatumo administration is that of a proto state or micronation.

History of video games/Platforms/Technology Will Save Us DIY Gamer Kit. History. Legacy. A kit was preserved in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA).

Magar/Names. "'Magar Names"

Super Mario Galaxy 2. Contents. Walkthrough. /Epilogue/ /Hub (Starship Mario)/

Super Mario Galaxy 2/Epilogue. The game will start like a book reading, with more 2D style than 3D style. Here you will learn the basic controls such as the spin attack. "Now, let me tell you a new story that also begins with stardust" (referencing the first Super Mario Galaxy) Click A and the game will continue. You will receive a letter from peach to come watching stars with here, and the first section will appear. In the first section there won't be much platforming, simply collect the star bits and hear what the toads as to say, jump on the ? blocks to get coins, and simply move forward like any other Super Mario game. Second Section, Mario will find lost Luma that will take like in Mario. Gathering his trust will make you able to spin by shaking Wiimote. Continue forward and you will see crystals containing star bits, spin to break them. Do a backward jump to reach the higher blocks. Third section, now you will find more Luma in crystal, spin to break them and continue to the castle. Continue to break free the Luma and you will find Bowser huge as never was before. Turns out he kidnapped Peach, and he's aiming toward building his empire at the centre of the universe. After he will take off, two Luma's at the distance will call you, and the gameplay now will return to be 3D style. Go toward the castle to talk with both of those Luma's. Those Luma's will present the situation, and will make a star portal to make Mario jump toward the 1st Galaxy Sky Station.

Super Mario Galaxy 2/World 1. World 1 of Super Mario Galaxy 2 contains 7 Galaxies. The Boss Galaxy in this world is Bowser's Junior Gobblegut. To complete this world you will need 7 regular stars (as prankster comet stars won't be available 'till later) . The save title for this world would be: "World 1: The Great Space Journey Begins".

Super Mario Galaxy 2/World 1/Sky Station. Sky Station is the first Galaxy and will be the first one to be played immediately after the epilogue. It have 2 regular gold stars and prankster comet star, total 3 stars. Pewee's Piranha's Temper Tantrum. First section Once landing on the first planet, a luma will tell you the Bowser took their all stars. From where you are, go left or right to your decision, until you will find a green pipe right next to red one (the red one will take you to a 1-up), get on the green pipe to get the downward section of the planet. On there, go above the hill and hit the crystal with a spin, and drop there. you will now be on Yoshi's house roof. Go to the Luma that calling you and he will make himself a Launching Star to send you to the next platform. Second section In this planet, there will be Octombas and transforming platforms, navigate carefully following the Luma to the right of the planet, eliminate or avoid the Octombas and the platforms (there's 2 1-Ups on the way to take), to the tallest tower. Carefully jumping of the transforming platforms before they pop out, and the Luma will transform to a Launch star. Side quests Third section This section will include three small planets. Jumping too hight will release you from the gravity of each planet. Jump to get to the non-grassy planet and jump again to the mini star launcher. One you will be launched, you will circle a third planet and will come to a second mini star launcher. If you will spin this you will get to a ? marked coin that will have star bits. Otherwise, you will continue to be drifting to the third small planet with big star launcher. Spin in it to be launched to the Fourth section. Fourth section In this planet there will be two moving blocks, Octombas and flying Gommbas. Right in front of the flag make a long jump to avoid the muddy way. From there navigate carefully to the right side of the planet. Be careful crossing the mud in where the moving blocks are, since they will slow you down and the moving blocks might push you to the black hole. So rather go fast to get past them, or make backward jump to get on the moving blocks and jump forward from them when land is in sight. When you crossed the second moving block, if you hadn't came to fenced grass patch, you will be either on a platform with Octomba - from there make a long jump toward upward section, or with flying Goombas - where Luma will guide you to the fenced grass patch. Eliminate or avoid enemies on the way, and he will transform to Launch Star, warning that a monster is on the way. Spin to launch, and Mario will break on the way another star bits crystal. Comet Shard Comet shards are important to make a prankster comet to appear, and is found on every galaxy (even those who doesn't have prankster comet). In this galaxy it is found on this section. Go near to 2nd moving block and when it's getting close, make a backward jump or jump+spin to get on it. Stand on the middle and near the fenced grass patch Mario will take it. Fifth Section You will land in front of one Octomba, eliminate or avoid him. Behind him there will be red star mushroom who will grant you another 3 lives making it six total. Mark the flag and move forward to get to to the other side of the planet. There will be three stairs with Octomba on each on them, eliminate or avoid them to get to the launch star that will tell you he's seeing a star light over the next section. Meaning the next section will be the last. Launch on it to get to the boss. Boss Battle - Pewee's Piranha Mario will land on an egg that will hatch once landing on it, making Pewee to hatch from it. This is the first boss battle in the game. It won't be hard unless you haven't mastered the spinning technique yet. Pewee will have 2 attack stages: Stage One Pewee will circle the planet seeking to hit you. Quickly get to his egg on his back and spin on it to. Three hits will make the egg shell to break out, and then Pewee will run out from pain. Hit him in it's painful back once more. He will actually will try to ease it's pain by sitting, giving you a free strike. Stage Two Now Pewee will get his egg shell back and will be furious, and those will be faster, other than that nothing changes. Repeat the previous stage to hit him three time to break his egg shell, and fourth to end him. The star will appear now. Take it and acquire the game's first star.

Super Mario Galaxy 2/World S. World S is the legendary world that had been said couple of times before beating Bowser. Once you had beaten Bowser in the Galaxy Generator, the game will say that a World S had opened up. World S will have 6 of the hardest level of the game. While it is also include the Grandemaster Galaxy, that galaxy ordinary star and prankster comet star will appear only on some certain condition. To be able to take all the galaxies (except for the last one that requiring also star bits), you will need to gather 110 stars of the game (out of the all 120 stars of the game). There's no forks in this world, so you will have to take every galaxy to advance. The save title on this world would be: ""World S: Here we go!"."

Super Mario Galaxy 2/Grandmaster Galaxy. The Grandmaster Galaxy is the last and final galaxy in the Super Mario Galaxy 2 game, and to be able to open it and to get the last 2 stars, it requires certain conditions. The Ultimate Test. Requirment. To be able to take the ultimate test in the Grandmaster Galaxy, you gonna have to collect all the stars available in the game. Only once you will have 240 stars (120 Gold stars and 120 Green stars) this Galaxy will show up with The Ultimate Test level. The Perfect Run (prankster comet star). Requirement. While activating the first level might be "easy", to activate the prankster comet star, you will have to gain 9,999 star bits in Toad bank account. There's no easy way to gain all of those except for grinding levels, or replaying the game in new save and sending star bits in toad bank to share the bits. Once you gather all 9,999 star bits, the level will show up. 100% Completion. Once you gain all 242 stars, there will be an addition to Mario starship - Rosalina. Talk to her and she will thank you for gathering all the stars in the game. Also, in the main save screen, your icon will shine with sparkles, and the title for your save will get a crown and the title will be "Master of Galaxies!". Congratulation on finishing the game 100%.

Super Mario Galaxy 2/Green Stars. Once you have opened World S and collected all 120 stars from all the levels, the second post game part will begin. If collecting all the 120 gold stars wasn't easy, green stars are going to be on entire different level. Rather than doing a course to get them, green stars will be scattered in every galaxy you had done so far, but with a twist - those stars will be sometimes in hard places to reach, and require certain movements and actions to collect them. At this phase though you probably will have enough knowledge on the controls and movements of Mario and even Yoshi, it's time to put them in to test. Epilogue to Green Star. Once you finish the first time the Boss Blitz galaxy, you will be notified there's a guest in Mario Starship - a green Luma. Talking to him will reveal parts of the next post game content - ""Seeking the cosmic jewels" (written in green)"... it's been our lifelong pursuit... There is a saying that "they can be found when all of the Stars have been collected"". In other words, your job now is to collect all the 120 stars to open up the next episode. Once all the 120 green stars collected (no matter which was the last one and from which galaxy) you will be referred to a new green Luma, who will say "Even if we have every Power Star, we still must defeat that monster... Or we'll never see the cosmic jewels...", and so will say the other green Luma. So to open officially the Green Stars episode, you gotta go back to Bowser's Galaxy Generator Galaxy, beat Bowser again and activate the rolling credits once more It might take some time for the credits to roll in the second time, but you may notice some changes from the first time. Once the credits end, a new cutscene will appear of Roselina in her library from the first Galaxy game. Once every Luma will gather, she will say ""Next, let's hear a story about the jewels of the cosmos... Let me tell you the story of the Green Star"," after another dialogue the cutscene will fade away, and the game will make a notice "Prankster Comets" (green writing) "have appeared!" and the start screen will appear. Your title save now will be "The green star challenge is on!", once entering the game Lubba will tell you that many prankster comets have appeared. Go to the World map and you will see the green comet dropping new green stars all over the worlds, and the Green Star episode begins! Walkthrough. As being said in the epilogue to the Green Star episode, every place that had star on, will have it's own green stars. Meaning, every galaxy that had golden stars, will now have the same amount of green stars as their golden ones. Collecting them all is really time consuming, but for any completionist out there, and to also gain access to the final Galaxy and the last two stars, there isn't any other way. Tips. Wether you gonna follow the guide or not, one of the green Luma on Starship Mario will say: "The universe is so full of joy... Have you even seen a cosmic jewel? They have such a happy shine!", "And if you listen closely, you can hear the wonderful tinkling sound when one is nearby! Seriously". So there you have it, two canonical tips - A non-canonical tips is, as soon you get into a level, use the first person camera to all side in the level, specially in a high place. In most of the cases, you will find the Green Star hovering somewhere. If not, it might be in the next level's platforms.

Super Mario Galaxy 2/Green Stars/World 1. World 1 had originally 17 golden ones, so it now have another 17 green ones. Note that, while the green stars would be in their original level, its advised to pick in the Galaxy Star selection screen the empty green stars so the game will send you exactly to the level they are in, so you won't have to search level by level yourself. And by thus the lists will follow. Sky Station Galaxy. Green Star 1 The Green Star here will be located at Yoshi's house roof near the green pipe. There's two ways to gain it - short way and long way. The short way is simply locate Mario beneath the green star, make an backward jump and add a spin. The longest is going through the green pipe, break the crystal on the hill, and then drop from the roof on the Green Star. Green Star 2 This Green Star is located on the 2nd platform. Do the level as usual (you may collect more 1-Ups on the way) until reaching the peak of the tower. There, behind the fence you will see the Green Star shine. Drop behind the tower to get it. You may as well moving the camera to get a better look. Green Star 3 Go through the first platform. In the second one, move to the second elevator (the one that's going down) and wait 'till you get to the level where the blue disc is, make backward jump to reach it. Hovering upon it one the side, you will find the Green Star. To reach it, make either wall jump to its side and add a spin, or a backward jump with a spin. Yoshi Star Galaxy. Green Star 1 This green star will be shown on the level cutscene, high above the hill to the northwest of the first area. Eliminate the Magikoopa to release Yoshi, and take him above the hill (it's also the hill where the Comet Shard is). A regular floating jump won't reach it, to actually reach it, make Yoshi a float jump, and once in the air press Z+A to make Mario jump from Yoshi, and he will reach the star. Green Star 2 Like Green Star 1, this one also can be seen in the open cutscene. But only if you look at the right side of the screen. Upon entering the level also it can be seen when you go little forward and look on the right side - it is located on the mouth cliff of the volcano. To get there, do the level as usual to take Yoshi. Upon encountering the huge fruit, got to the right side of it and you should see the star. Make Yoshi it's floating jump to get to that cliff (be careful not to slip), and take the star. Green Star 3 This time, the green star will be on the last level platform. So just make your way through this level until you get to where the star usual is, but instead landing on the golden star land, continue the flower jumping to the left side. Once there you will see the green star hovering up in the air. To reach it, make Yoshi float higher from where the flower get you, but that won't be enough either, so press A+Z on the highest float, and Mario will jump from Yoshi toward the green star. Spin-Dog. Green Star 1 Go through the first platform to the second one. There, the Green Star will hang above the fence on the middle of the planet. To reach the top of the fence itself, locate Mario close to the fence and make a backward jump, if Mario doesn't hang on it, add a spin. Once on the fence, locate Mario beneath the star to it's left or right, face Mario to the other side and make a backward jump and a spin to collect the star. Green Star 2 In the third platform, proceed to where Luma is making a Star Launcher for you, and there, above the row of transforming platforms, the Green Star will hover very high in the air. To reach it there's need to make a perfect triple jump without falling when the platforms disappear. Make Mario start the triple jump before the first row of the transforming platform to make sure that Mario will be jumping toward the star. Once made the third jump, add a spin, and Mario will collect it. It's advised to eliminate the Flying Goomba before doing it. Green Star 3 Go through the levels until you enter the green pipe to the 2D cave. In the second room the star will hover close to the wall. To reach it you must make Mario ditch the digger by getting hurt by the digger enemy. Now, locate Mario with the back to the wall facing the star, make a backward jump and make a wall jump with a spin to get the star.

Super Mario Galaxy 2/World S/Mario Squared. The first Galaxy in World S is kind of throwback or even sequel to Super Mario Galaxy Toy Box galaxy. It's landscape feature Mario in it's 6 bit design as the ground for this galaxy for it's normal star, and 6 bit Luigi for it's prankster comet star. Make Mario a Star. The objective in this level, is making all the ? marked tiles to ! ones. While it sound simple, most of the level have disappearing tiles once stepping on them. There's no much a guide to how to do it but simply planning which way to go first. The advice is start from the north-east corner to the north-west corner, and then go back to the south ones. Just take the unlimited time to plan your steps well. Once all the ? marked had changed, the Star will shown where you started the level. So make sure that the nearest disappearing tiles won't go off. Luigi's Purple Coin Chaos. This level is considered one of the hardest level in the game. If you thought Make Mario a Star level was easy, this one is not. It's not only the fact that there's no shortage in the Purple Coins, you must collect them all. But also the game will give you 2 minutes to do it, and also a bunch of Shadow Mario will chase you. This means that you must not only plan your steps carefully, but try at best not to miss any coin in any tile, not only as they disappear but also not to get hit by Shadow Mario. The advice is not to take all the closest purple coins nearby, but take the purple coins in the right and from there taking a long jump to the north-east corner, collect the purple coins there (there's also a coins that can be gathered by long jump only), and from there going north-west, south-west and then come back south-east to the beginning. If you lost too much lives, take advice from Cosmic Roselina to show you the best plan (which is similar to how I have written). Good Luck.

Canadian Refugee Procedure/112-114 - Pre-Removal Risk Assessment. IRPA Sections 112-114. Sections 112 to 114 of the "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act" read: Commentary. The rate of success on PRRA applications is significantly lower than at the IRB: in the low single digits (2.8 percent in 2013 and 3.1 percent in 2014, compared to about 70% at the RPD for claims decided on the merits in 2020 and a 32.3% on appeal to the RAD.

Yoruba/Pronouns. Yoruba pronouns are words that are used instead of a noun. Here are some examples:

Yoruba/Prepositions. Yoruba Prepositions are Position and direction that are expressed by the prepositions in combination with spatial relational nouns, Here are some examples:

Yoruba/Conjunctions. Yoruba conjunction are words that are used to connect words, phrases, and clauses. Here are some examples:

Yoruba/Adverbs. Yoruba adverbs are part of speech. Generally they're words that modify any part of language other than a noun. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives (including numbers), clauses, sentences and other adverbs. Here are some examples:

Yoruba/Idioms in Yoruba. Idiomatic expression in Yoruba is an expression whose meanings cannot be inferred from the meanings of the words that make it up.

Yoruba/Proverbs in Yoruba. Yoruba proverb is a simple and insightful, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth based on common sense or experience. Proverbs are often metaphorical and use formulaic language.

Supplementary mathematics/Volume integral. The three-dimensional integral, also known as the three-dimensional definite integral or volume integral, is an extension of the ordinary integral to three-dimensional space. It is often preferred to solve problems in three-dimensional space in dimensional spatial geometry, such as finding the center of mass, moments of inertia or the volume of a solid region under a curve and the exact volume of geometric volumes.

Yoruba/Word order in Yoruba. Yoruba word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language. The normal word order in Yoruba is Subject-Verb-Object, here are some examples,

Yoruba/Phrases in Yoruba. Yoruba phrases called expression in some contexts is a group of words or singular word acting as a grammatical unit This page will include greetings, questions, emergency and survival expressions, asking for direction, language practice, introducing yourself, holiday wishes, and finally some travel phrases. Here are examples of travel phrases,

Semiconductor Electronics/Depth in look of semiconductors. Semiconductor electronics is a branch of electronics that deals with the design, fabrication, and application of electronic devices and circuits based on semiconductor materials. Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors (such as metals) and insulators (such as non-metals). In semiconductor electronics, semiconductors are primarily used as the base material for the fabrication of various electronic components, such as diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits (ICs). These components form the building blocks of modern electronic devices, including computers, smartphones, televisions, and many other consumer electronics. To understand the depth of semiconductors, it is essential to look at their atomic structure and the behavior of electrons within the material. Semiconductors are typically crystalline solids composed of atoms with four valence electrons. Common semiconductor materials include silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and many others. In the pure state, semiconductors have a complete valence band and an empty conduction band, with a bandgap in between. The valence band is occupied by electrons, while the conduction band is empty. When energy is applied to a semiconductor, electrons can be excited from the valence band to the conduction band, creating mobile charge carriers. This behavior allows semiconductors to conduct electricity under certain conditions. Doping is a crucial process in semiconductor fabrication. By intentionally introducing impurities into the crystal structure of a semiconductor, the electrical properties of the material can be altered. Two common types of dopants are n-type (negative) and p-type (positive). N-type doping introduces atoms with extra valence electrons, creating excess electrons in the material. P-type doping introduces atoms with fewer valence electrons, creating "holes" or electron vacancies. The combination of n-type and p-type semiconductors forms the basis for many electronic components. For example, a diode is created by joining an n-type semiconductor with a p-type semiconductor. A transistor is composed of multiple layers of n-type and p-type semiconductors, allowing for amplification and control of electrical signals. Integrated circuits (ICs) are complex semiconductor devices that incorporate thousands to billions of transistors and other components on a single chip. ICs have revolutionized the field of electronics, enabling the miniaturization and integration of various functions into compact and powerful devices. The depth of semiconductor electronics encompasses various concepts, including semiconductor physics, fabrication processes, circuit design, device characterization, and system integration. It involves understanding the behavior of electrons, the properties of different semiconductor materials, the techniques for manufacturing and processing semiconductors, and the design and analysis of electronic circuits. Overall, the study of semiconductor electronics provides the foundation for modern electronic technology and is crucial for advancements in areas such as computing, telecommunications, energy, and healthcare. Semiconductor electronics is a branch of electronics that focuses on the study, design, and application of semiconductor devices. Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between conductors (such as metals) and insulators (such as non-conducting materials). They are crucial components in electronic devices and play a fundamental role in modern technology. To understand semiconductors in depth, let's start with some key concepts: 1. Atomic Structure: Semiconductors are typically crystalline solids composed of atoms arranged in a regular lattice structure. The behavior of electrons in the crystal lattice determines the electrical properties of the semiconductor. 2. Energy Bands: In a semiconductor, the electrons occupy energy levels called energy bands. The valence band is the highest energy band filled with electrons at absolute zero temperature. Above the valence band is the conduction band, which is separated by an energy gap called the band gap. The electrons in the conduction band are free to move and contribute to electrical conduction. 3. Intrinsic Semiconductors: Pure semiconductors, such as silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge), are called intrinsic semiconductors. In an intrinsic semiconductor, the number of free electrons in the conduction band is equal to the number of vacancies (holes) in the valence band. At absolute zero temperature, there are no free electrons in the conduction band. 4. Doping: Doping is the process of intentionally introducing impurity atoms into a semiconductor to modify its electrical properties. Doping can create two types of semiconductors:    - N-Type Semiconductor: Doping a semiconductor with atoms that have more valence electrons than the host material (e.g., phosphorus in silicon) creates an excess of negatively charged electrons. These extra electrons are called majority charge carriers, and the material becomes an N-type semiconductor.    - P-Type Semiconductor: Doping a semiconductor with atoms that have fewer valence electrons than the host material (e.g., boron in silicon) creates vacancies or "holes" in the valence band. These holes act as positive charge carriers, and the material becomes a P-type semiconductor. 5. Junctions and Diodes: When an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor are brought together, a junction is formed. This junction is called a P-N junction. At the P-N junction, electrons from the N-side recombine with holes from the P-side, creating a depletion region with no free charge carriers. This region acts as an insulator, preventing current flow in one direction and allowing it in the opposite direction. This behavior forms the basis of diodes, which are fundamental semiconductor devices. 6. Transistors: Transistors are crucial semiconductor devices used for amplification and switching. The most common type is the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), which consists of two P-N junctions. Another type is the field-effect transistor (FET), which operates based on the control of a conducting channel through an electric field. Transistors are the building blocks of modern electronic circuits. 7. Integrated Circuits: Integrated circuits (ICs) are miniaturized electronic circuits formed on a single semiconductor chip. They incorporate transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other components to perform specific functions. ICs revolutionized electronics by enabling the production of compact, powerful, and low-cost devices. The study of semiconductor electronics goes beyond these basic concepts, diving into device physics, circuit design, fabrication processes, and more. It is a vast field with applications in areas like telecommunications, computing, power electronics, and consumer electronics. Researchers and engineers continue to push the boundaries of semiconductor technology to develop faster, smaller, and more efficient devices for various applications. 8. Band Theory: The behavior of electrons in semiconductors is described by band theory. It explains the energy levels and allowed electron states in solids. In addition to the valence band and conduction band, there can be intermediate bands or impurity bands formed by doping or specific material structures. 9. Carrier Mobility: Carrier mobility refers to the ability of charge carriers (electrons or holes) to move through a semiconductor in the presence of an electric field. It is an important parameter that determines the speed at which charge carriers can travel and influences the overall conductivity of the semiconductor material. 10. PN Junction Diode: A PN junction diode is a basic semiconductor device that allows current flow in only one direction. When a forward bias voltage is applied across the diode, the depletion region narrows, enabling current flow. On the other hand, applying a reverse bias voltage widens the depletion region, preventing significant current flow. 11. MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor): MOSFET is a type of field-effect transistor widely used in digital circuits. It consists of a gate, a source, and a drain terminal. By applying a voltage to the gate terminal, the conductivity of the channel between the source and drain can be controlled, allowing the MOSFET to function as a switch or an amplifier. 12. Semiconductor Fabrication: Semiconductor devices are manufactured using intricate fabrication processes. These processes involve techniques such as photolithography, etching, deposition, and doping to pattern and modify the semiconductor material to create desired structures and properties. 13. Moore's Law: Moore's Law is an observation that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit tends to double approximately every two years, while the cost per transistor decreases. This trend has driven the rapid advancement of semiconductor technology and the miniaturization of electronic devices. 14. Beyond Silicon: While silicon has been the dominant material in semiconductor electronics, researchers are exploring alternative materials, such as gallium nitride (GaN) and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), to overcome the limitations of silicon and enable new functionalities and higher performance in electronic devices. 15. Emerging Technologies: The field of semiconductor electronics is continuously evolving, and several emerging technologies show promise for future applications. Some of these include quantum computing, organic semiconductors, flexible electronics, and nanoelectronics, which explore the behavior of materials and devices at the nanoscale. 16. Optoelectronics: Optoelectronics involves the study and application of devices that can emit, detect, and manipulate light. Semiconductor materials, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP), are commonly used in optoelectronic devices like light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, photodiodes, and photovoltaic cells. 17. Semiconductor Memories: Semiconductor memories are an essential part of electronic systems, providing storage for digital data. Some commonly used semiconductor memory technologies include Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DRAM), Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), and Flash memory. Each type has different characteristics related to speed, density, volatility, and endurance. 18. Power Electronics: Power electronics deals with the control and conversion of electrical power using semiconductor devices. Power electronic devices, such as power diodes, thyristors, insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), and gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs), enable efficient power conversion, motor control, and voltage regulation in various applications ranging from electric vehicles to renewable energy systems. 19. Semiconductor Lasers: Semiconductor lasers, also known as diode lasers, are compact and efficient sources of coherent light. They are widely used in telecommunications, laser printing, barcode readers, fiber optics, and many other applications. Semiconductor lasers are based on the principle of stimulated emission of photons by excited electrons in a semiconductor material. 20. Process Technology: The process technology for semiconductor manufacturing plays a crucial role in determining device performance, power consumption, and cost. Advances in process technology have led to the scaling down of transistor dimensions, allowing for more transistors on a chip, higher speeds, and reduced power consumption. Process technologies, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), are the backbone of modern semiconductor fabrication. 21. Semiconductor Packaging: Semiconductor devices need to be packaged to protect them and provide electrical connections. Packaging technologies involve encapsulating the semiconductor die, attaching it to a substrate, and connecting it to external circuits. Different packaging techniques, such as through-hole, surface mount, and flip-chip, are used depending on the application and required performance. 22. Reliability and Failure Analysis: Reliability is a critical aspect of semiconductor electronics. Understanding the factors that affect device reliability and conducting failure analysis are crucial for ensuring long-term performance. Failure analysis techniques, such as electrical testing, thermal imaging, and microscopy, are employed to identify the root causes of failures and improve device design and manufacturing processes. 23. System-on-Chip (SoC): System-on-Chip is an integration technique that combines various functions, including processors, memory, peripherals, and interfaces, onto a single semiconductor chip. SoCs are the foundation of complex electronic systems, such as smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices, enabling high performance and power efficiency in a compact form factor. 24. Emerging Trends: The field of semiconductor electronics is continuously evolving, and several emerging trends are shaping its future. These include the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI) hardware accelerators, neuromorphic computing, quantum computing, and advanced sensor technologies. These trends are driving the development of novel semiconductor devices and architectures to meet the demands of next-generation applications. These additional points provide further insights into specific aspects and advancements within semiconductor electronics. By exploring these topics, you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the field and its impact on various industries and technologies.

Canadian Refugee Procedure/72-75 - Judicial Review. IRPA Sections 72-75. Sections 72-75 of the "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act" read: Section 72(1): Judicial review is commenced by making an application for leave to the Court. Section 72(1) provides that judicial review by the FEderal Court is commenced by making an application for leave to the Court. Historically, leave has been granted in about 16.8 per cent of cases, with 46.2 per cent of judicial reviews succeeding from among those granted leave. Section 74(d): An appeal to the Federal Court of Appeal may be made only if the judge certifies that a serious question of general importance is involved. Section 74(d) of the IRPA provides that, subject to section 87.01, an appeal to the Federal Court of Appeal may be made only if, in rendering judgment, the judge certifies that a serious question of general importance is involved and states the question. To be certified, a question must be a serious one that: (i) is dispositive of the appeal; (ii) transcends the interests of the immediate parties to the litigation; and (iii) contemplates issues of broad significance or general importance. As a corollary, the question must also have been raised and dealt with by the court below and it must arise from the case, not from the Judge’s reasons. Furthermore, the question must not have already been determined and settled in another appeal. The Federal Court of Appeal has entertained an appeal without a certified question, where the issue on appeal involved the jurisdiction of the Federal Court judge or an allegation of bias. As stated in "Canada v. Aziz":The Minister argues that in this case no certified question is required. He relies on a number of immigration cases in which this Court has permitted an appeal to proceed despite the absence of a certified question. For example, in "Forde v. Canada", the Court entertained an appeal from a Federal Court order staying a deportation pending the disposition of another immigration case. The Court concluded that no certified question was required because issue was whether the stay order was within the jurisdiction of the Federal Court under paragraph 50(1)(b) of the "Federal Courts Act," R.S.C. 1985, c. F-7. In "Subhaschanddran v. Canada", the Court entertained an appeal from a Federal Court order that it construed as a refusal of a judge to grant or dismiss a motion to stay a deportation. This Court has also held that no certified question is required to appeal an order on a motion for recusal based on an allegation of bias, because such an allegation goes to the jurisdiction of a judge to adjudicate the case: see, "Narvey v. M.C.I. and" Re Zündel. [internal citations omitted]This is on the basis that paragraph 27(1)("c") of the "Federal Courts Act" authorizes an appeal from an interlocutory judgment of the Federal Court in limited circumstances.

Supplementary mathematics/Trigonometry. Trigonometry is one of the most important and best arithmetic calculations. Of course, trigonometry has six components to calculate. Read the definition of trigonometry well. What is trigonometry? Trigonometry is one of the branches of arithmetic and mathematics that examines the relationship between lengths and angles of triangles and makes a formulation for the relationship between angles and side lengths for triangles. In short, Shore said that scientific trigonometry is for Triangle is used to calculate the length and sides of a triangle. The word trigonometry comes from the Greek word (trigon, metron) which means triangle and size, respectively, and in the compound word, it means the measurement of a triangle.This concept was first given by the Greek mathematician Hipparchus. Trigonometry can only be calculated for right triangles and different triangles are not used.Trigonometry is divided into two hypothetical branches, spherical trigonometry (space) and circular trigonometry (plane).Angles in trigonometry are calculated in radians. Trigonometry, in general, is about trigonometric formulas, trigonometric ratios, and functions, right triangles, etc. History. The history of trigonometry goes back to BC, due to the lack of sources, it is not possible to say which civilization invented trigonometry, but we know that Iranians, Arabs, Greeks, Babylonians, Germans, Latins, etc. thought about this issue.In order for humans to be able to find the sides and angles of a triangle, they came up with the idea of trigonometry. In the Babylonian, Sumerian and Greek texts, such calculations for the sides and angles can be seen in the basic trigonometric method.Of course, Iranian, Arab, English, French, German, etc. scientists took steps in the field of trigonometry and used trigonometry in other topics such as Fourier series, integral, function, analytic geometry, derivative, spatial geometry, etc., which require calculations. They have included trigonometry.

Robotics/Feedback Sensors/Tachometers. A tachometer is a type of sensor used to measure the rotational speed or angular velocity of a rotating object, such as an engine, motor, or shaft. It provides information about the speed of rotation, which is typically expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM). Tachometers can be categorized into two main types: contact and non-contact tachometers. 1. Contact Tachometers: These tachometers require physical contact with the rotating object. They typically use a mechanical or magnetic sensor that comes into direct contact with the object to measure its rotational speed. The sensor may consist of a wheel or probe that makes contact with a rotating surface, generating electrical signals proportional to the rotational speed. Contact tachometers are commonly used in automotive applications, such as measuring the RPM of an engine. 2. Non-Contact Tachometers: These tachometers do not require direct physical contact with the rotating object. Instead, they utilize optical, infrared, or laser sensors to measure the speed of rotation. Non-contact tachometers work by emitting a beam of light or infrared radiation onto a reflective mark or surface on the rotating object. The reflected light is then detected and analyzed to determine the rotational speed. Non-contact tachometers are often used in industrial applications where contact with the rotating object may not be feasible or safe. Tachometers find applications in various fields, including automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, and laboratory testing. They are used to monitor the speed and performance of engines, motors, turbines, conveyors, and other rotating machinery. Tachometers can also be integrated into control systems to provide feedback and enable speed regulation or synchronization of rotating components. In addition to measuring rotational speed, some tachometers may offer additional features, such as recording maximum and minimum speeds, displaying total revolutions or elapsed time, and providing alarm functions for abnormal speed conditions. Overall, tachometers are essential tools for monitoring and controlling the rotational speed of various machinery and equipment, allowing for precise operation and maintenance.e

Robotics/Feedback Sensors/Accelerometers. Accelerometers are sensors used to measure acceleration forces experienced by an object in a specific direction or multiple axes. They are commonly used in a wide range of applications, including smartphones, automotive systems, aerospace, robotics, gaming devices, and more. Accelerometers enable the detection of motion, tilt, vibration, and changes in velocity. Accelerometers can be categorized into two main types: single-axis and multi-axis accelerometers. 1. Single-Axis Accelerometers: Single-axis accelerometers measure acceleration along a single axis, typically the vertical axis (Z-axis). They provide information about linear acceleration or forces acting in a specific direction. Single-axis accelerometers are often used in applications where acceleration in one direction is the primary concern, such as free-fall detection in smartphones or detecting vertical movements in industrial machinery. 2. Multi-Axis Accelerometers: Multi-axis accelerometers measure acceleration in multiple axes, usually three axes: X-axis (horizontal), Y-axis (horizontal), and Z-axis (vertical). They provide information about acceleration forces acting in different directions simultaneously. Multi-axis accelerometers offer more comprehensive motion sensing capabilities and are used in applications such as inertial measurement units (IMUs), navigation systems, gesture recognition, and stabilization systems. Accelerometers work based on the principles of Newton's second law of motion. They typically consist of a mass suspended on springs or micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) structures. When subjected to acceleration, the mass moves relative to its support structure, causing a change in electrical properties or generating an electrical signal proportional to the applied acceleration. This signal can then be processed and analyzed to determine the magnitude and direction of the acceleration. Accelerometers are commonly integrated with other sensors, such as gyroscopes, magnetometers, and barometers, to provide more accurate motion sensing and orientation information. This combination of sensors is often found in inertial measurement units (IMUs) used for motion tracking, navigation, and virtual reality applications. In summary, accelerometers are versatile sensors that enable the measurement of acceleration forces in one or more axes. They are used in numerous applications to detect motion, monitor vibrations, provide orientation data, and enable various interactive features in electronic devices and systems.

Raising Cattle/Space. Floor space requirements for different livestock : Feeding and watering space :

Nazi Leaders/Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was a dictator and was in charge of /Nazi Germany/ during /World War II/. He was known as the "Führer" or leader. He used a gesture with his hand up slanted meaning "Heil" or "Hail" Hitler. He died in a Nazi bunker. He was with /Eva Braun/. Hitler was born on 20 April 1889.

Supplementary mathematics/Cylindrical coordinate system. The distance from the selected reference plane that is perpendicular to the axis. Cylindrical coordinate system or abbreviated cylindrical coordinate system is a three-dimensional coordinate system and has calculations that use length, width, height, angles and rarely integral and trigonometric calculations. This type of coordinate system is simpler than spherical coordinates. To determine the position in cylindrical coordinates by measuring the point from the distance of a reference axis and the center as its distance and determining the dimension and direction of the axis point relative to where the point is located and the distance from the plane is determined. The selected reference perpendicular to the axis must be specified. It depends on which direction and at which point and in which sign the reference plane is located, and the distance is also determined as a positive and negative sign.The origin of the coordinates is also a place in all three longitudinal dimensions of the coordinates must be zero.The distance from the point to the axis is in the form of radius and length or in short height.Spherical and cylindrical coordinates have two sub-sets called longitudinal coordinates and angular coordinates, whose longitudinal coordinates are made in the form of threes based on integrals and trigonometry, and their angles are calculated in the form of spatial angle calculation. Of course, in coordinates Spherical, more integral and complex trigonometric calculation and spatial angle calculation form are performed than cylindrical coordinates.Cylindrical coordinate form is more algebraic and has a little bit of integral and trigonometry.The method of writing cylindrical coordinates is similar to three-dimensional coordinates, which starts with length, width, and height, respectively, from top to bottom.

Scheme Programming/A taste of Scheme/Solutions. Evaluating codice_1. Parentheses are used in Scheme to apply a "procedure" to "operands". The inner expression codice_2 evaluates to codice_3. This means that we are now left with codice_4, but 9 is not an procedure so it cannot be applied, hence the error.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Lewis George Pimblett. Lewis George Pimblett. Lewis George "Lou" Pimblett, together with W. Jewell, established an experimental broadcasting station at Wagga Wagga in 1923, apparently under the auspices of the amateur licence of 2ZE (Frank John Federal Laker), Deniliquin. The station was owned by their business "Riverina Wireless Supplies." It broadcast regular concerts and special programming in 1923 and 1924. A company was formed in 1924 with substantial capital, to take over the business and to hold a B class broadcasting licence. The licence was granted in 1924, but by this time financial support had been lost and the B Class station never operated on air. A comprehensive biography of Lewis George "Lou" Pimblett has not yet been prepared for this Wikibook, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Key internet links: A comprehensively researched and well illustrated article about the life of Lew, but with only brief reference to the Riverina Wireless Supplies days: Lewis George Pimblett - Inventor Of Harbord + Mona Vale: Toymaker Of 'Pim's Toys' + First Speaking Robot Maker Of 1952 First World War Embarkation Roll - Lewis George Pimblett Bubble Pipe Patent

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Biographies/Lewis George Pimblett/Notes. Lewis George Pimblett - Transcriptions and notes. 1900s. 1902. 1902 05. Death notice for Pimblett's mother PIMBLETT.— On the 14th May, at the residence of her husband, the beloved wife of W. C. Pimblett, of Beaufort, aged 46 years. 1920s. 1923. 1923 09. Apparent first transmission from Riverina Wireless Supplies, but from Deniliquin WIRELESS IN WAGGA. While Wagga people were enjoying the eisteddfod competitions, pictures and other amusements last evening, little did they know of the delight that was the lot of a small band of persons gathered around the wireless outfit of Mr. Russell Anderson in Crampton-street, to whose aerials a fine receiving set had been attached by Mr. L. G. Pimblett, of the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co. This company had arranged a concert in Deniliquin, the items in which were to be transmitted by wireless. The musical numbers — instrumental and vocal — were heard with wonderful distinctness, though it was unfortunate that the concert was marred by the unusually stormy conditions, the atmospheric disturbance at times being very great. However, the music heard was delightful, and the experience novel, especially when during the evening some very fine concert items were picked up from Rose Bay, Sydney. The delight of the little company of "listeners-in" was great when at the end of the Deniliquin concert, a little after 9.30, the playing of the National Anthem was clearly heard and then the voice of the conductor of the concert saying "good-night" in clear and distinct tones to his friends in Wagga — his voice traversing the couple of hundred miles, without the aid of any wires, as in ordinary telephony! This little demonstration, revealed the wonderful, possibilities of wireless, and Mr. Pimblett is of opinion that when his company opens business shortly in Wagga it will have no difficulty in placing a large number of private "sets," by which people will be able to hear concerts taking place hundreds of miles away and receive messages from their distant friends with the greatestof of ease. 1923 12. Pimblett & Jewell's company negotiating for a Class B licence & seeking business RIVERINA WIRELESS SUPPLIES. Commonwealth Bank Buildings, Wagga Have made all necessary arrangements for up-to-date Showrooms and demonstrating Parlour. And are negotiating for the erection of a high powered BROADCASTING STATION to disseminate from Wagga News, Market Reports and Musical Entertainment throughout the Riverina. We have had the experience and can talk to you on the subject. Beware of the inexperienced. We are at your service and will advise you free of any obligation. Detailed announcement of commencement of operations of Riverina Wireless Supplies with Pimblett and Jewell WIRELESS IN WAGGA. NEW SERVICE INSTALLED. Ever since wireless was introduced into the county districts, Wagga and the Riverina have been actively interested in the science which possesses such a wealth of possibilities. Some months ago a company was formed in Deniliquin called the Riverina Wireless Supplies. The company decided to restrict its operations to the Riverina and to establish its headquarters at Wagga. The object of the company was to install a distributing station at Wagga for the whole of Riverina and to establish a supply centre. Many people have been interested in the erection of a wireless aerial at the back of the Commonwealth Bank. This aerial marks the definite establishment of the company's headquarters here. Mr. W. Jewell, a representative of the company, has been in Wagga for the past month supervising the erection and installation. A few days ago he was joined by Mr. L. G. Pimblett, and in a room above the bank they are experimenting day and night, putting in the pioneer work for the establishment of a wireless service. Both Mr. Jewell and Mr. Pimblett will welcome any inquiries from interested people, and in a few days they will have a good stock of wireless equipment on hand. For the time being the company will confine itself to experimental transmissions. Afterwards regular concerts will be given. The programmes will be varied, with piano-forte solos, vocal and instrumental numbers and possibly items of news. The company will be able to arrange concerts at private houses. 1924. 1924 02. Pimblett broadcasts a programme of music from the Riverina Wireless Supplies station for the opening of the new CofE Hall ST. LUKE'S NEW HALL. OPENING CEREMONY LAST NIGHT. The little band of voluntary workers who have been giving much of their spare time for many months on the erection of a hall adjoining St. Luke's Church were adequately rewarded for their labors when, last night, about 200 people gathered to witness the opening of the hall, which ceremony was performed by the Ven. Archdeacon Pike. In formally declaring the hall opened the Archdeacon said that the building was chiefly intended for the purposes of a Sunday School for the Church of England parishioners of South Wagga. It was also their intention to make it a hall for various social functions for the people of that part of Wagga irrespective of their creed. He hoped that in the future they would be able to install a small motion picture plant. The building was largely constructed by voluntary labor. The people of that part of Wagga had done splendid work in the past ten years. After having told the assemblage that the building had cost £650 to construct and that £52/6/8 had already been promised to liquidate this debt, the Archdeacon then made an appeal for further funds, stating that he would start the first £100 with a donation of £3/3/. Ald. Hardy said that he would start the second £100. Donations came freely, and the fund was the richer by £52/13/4, when the Archdeacon closed the appeal for that night. Other speakers included Mr. H. A. Hansard, whom the Archdeacon described as the father of the Sunday School," having commenced it during the Easter of 1914, Mr. Day and Aldermen Hardy and Gormly. During the evening Mr. L. G. Pimblett, of the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co., broadcasted a programme of music. A euchre party and dance followed. The following were the prize winners in the euchre tournament:— Ladies, Mrs. Gore and Miss O'Shea; consolation prize, Mrs. Peech. Men, Mr. E. Taylor and Mr. O. Black; consolation prize, Mr. C. McDonald. Pimblett broadcasts a further programme of news from the Riverina Wireless Supplies station NEWS BY WIRELESS. "Hello, Hello, Hello, everybody! Riverina Wireless Supplies speaking." Mr. Pemblett (sic), of the Riverina Wireless Supplies experimental station, was clearly heard by wireless receiving experimenters in many parts of New South Wales and northern Victoria when he began broadcasting at 3.15 o'clock yesterday afternoon, the day's news, read from yesterday's "Daily Advertiser." Throughout the reading and the musical programme given the transmission was clear and distinct. The distribution had been well announced by radio, and a large number of amateurs with small and large sets were "listening in." Outback farmers heard the general news and the market reports several hours before they received their daily papers. 1924 03. Pimblett plans an outside broadcasts of speeches from the Empire Hall from the Riverina Wireless Supplies station SPEECHES TO BE BROADCASTED. For the after-dinner speeches at the Empire Hall, Riverina Wireless Supplies, Ltd., will attempt to broadcast the proceedings by means of an amplifier connected to a telephone in the hall, which, in turn, will be connected with another amplifier at the broadcasting station. Preliminary experiments will be carried out this morning. Last night the Greater Wagga League received a telegram from the farmers, who were then at Narandera, stating that the arrangements which had been made at Wagga, and of which they had been informed, met with their full approval. They would leave Narandera at 6 o'clock this morning. Riverina Wireless Supplies station to broadcast to the Wagga Life Saving Club's carnival BEACH CARNIVAL. FOR THE HOSPITAL The Wagga Life Saving Club's Carnival in aid of the Wagga District Hospital, which was postponed on February 23 will take place on Saturday next. There will be an attractive programme of swimming events, canoe races, etc., and during the evening session a powerful wireless receiving set will be installed. The most important news of the day from Sydney and Melbourne will be broadcasted to the Wagga beach. Madame Hilda Sedgley and Mr. Walter Smith have kindly consented to contribute musical items gratuitously and these will be broadcasted from the Riverina wireless station and will be heard by persons with wireless receiving sets throughout New South Wales and Victoria. With the aid of amplifiers and loud speaking reproducers which will be installed on the lawn near the Wagga Beach the wireless programme should be heard by all present at the carnival. Pimblett again broadcasts from the Riverina Wireless Supplies station, demonstrating broadcasting to the Wagga High School's P&C Assoc HIGH SCHOOL P. AND C. MOVEMENT GAINING SUPPORT. The enthusiasm that characterised the formation of the Wagga High School Parents' and Citizens' Association was again in evidence at the first meeting of the Association, held at the Town Hall last night. In the absence of the president, Mr. R. H. Blamey took the chair. After considerable discussion a constitution and by-laws which had been framed by the Executive, were adopted. Among other things, the by-laws provide that the annual membership fee shall be 1/- and a general meeting of the Association shall be held at the High School on the second Thursday in the month. During the evening Mr. Lou Pimblett, of the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co., gave a demonstration of broadcasting. A cabinet four valve receiving set with an indoor aerial was installed in the Council Chamber and it picked up a musical programme sent from the company's station at the Commonwealth Bank buildings. The various items were transmitted very clearly and the demonstration was remarkably successful. Replying to a vote of thanks, Mr. Pimblett said that his company was desirous of helping in every way the Association and the school. As previous, Pimblett undertakes outside broadcasts of speeches from the Empire Hall from the Riverina Wireless Supplies station THE DINNER. PARLIAMENTARIANS ATTEND. THE WEST WANTS IRRIGATION. Nearly one hundred and fifty persons were present at the dinner given by the Greater Wagga League to the visitors at the Empire Hall, Wagga, last night. The Wagga district men were representative of all sections of the community. The Hon. R. T. Ball, M.L.A., Minister for Works and Railways, and the Hon. J. F. O'Regan, M.L.C. attended. After the dinner several speeches were made by guests and hosts. For the Greater Wagga League, Mr. H. E. Gissing, president, welcomed the guests. They had already travelled 500 miles, and he hoped that before they covered the 500 miles of the return journey they would have seen and learned much and would have found much pleasure in the learning. Ald. D. T. Byrnes, the Mayor, on behalf of the citizens of the town, welcomed the Western men. He expressed gratification at the visitors' coming and at their mission and hoped that they would achieve their ultimate aim of obtaining a weir across the Macquarie River for a western irrigation scheme. Knowing the country, Mr. Byrnes knew that the execution of the scheme would be for its great benefit and to the benefit of the State. "Such an inter-district visit as this is of great value to both hosts and guests," Mr. Byrnes said. "This is the first I have known that is of such significance. I believe that its result will be the widespread adoption of the policy of our western visitors." Mr. A. E. Fuller, vice-president of the Macquarie Valley Water Conservation and irrigation League, and a brother of the Premier of New South Wales, Sir George Fuller, thanked the Greater Wagga League for its welcome, and congratulated it on its excellent organisation of the reception. He spoke highly of Wagga as the party had seen it, commenting specially on the width of its streets. THE VISITORS' MISSION. Yesterday we saw part of a tremendous irrigation scheme which, though it has been under development for sixteen years, is now only one third complete," said Mr. Fuller, "In the west we have too many droughts. We need irrigation to protect us against them. Some years ago the Government officers made a survey of the Macquarie Valley. Surveyor Ritchie and Mr. Wade, chief engineer, formulated a scheme which we are now following. At Burrandong, sixteen miles above Wellington, two hills are close together. Above them the valley widens out. The scheme is to build at the place where the hills are close a dam, as big as Burrinjuck, across the junction of the Cudgagong and Macquarie Rivers. From this scheme, 200,000 acres toward Narromine could be irrigated. Four to five years ago the league of which the visitors are members was formed to press the obtaining of the dam. The West has some of the finest irrigation land in Australia. Experts have declared that it would be eminently suitable for such a scheme as is proposed. The water would be run to Narromine, where a take-off weir would be built. Immediately past this are thousands of acres of red-brown cultivated irrigable land which will take all the water it can obtain. Some months ago the league sent a deputation to the Premier asking for the construction of this dam. He promised that he would refer the scheme to the Public Works Committee. The cost would be £2,000,000, but this was not as much as had been lost by droughts between Bourke and Wellington. In a few years the weir would pay for itself indirectly. Many conferences of the great district affected have been held, and the farmers are all keen to get the irrigation. The league's purpose in visiting Riverina is primarily to obtain information concerning irrigation, particularly as applied to grazing purposes. With such information, and first-hand knowledge of the subject, we can place a much stronger case before the Government. . . . The last speech of the evening was given by Mr. F. Bennett, a prominent member of the visiting party, and a native of Wagga. Speaking of his pride in Wagga, Mr. Bennett said that he was "the youngest son of the oldest hand on the Murrumbidgee." His father had settled on the Murrumbidgee before any others had done so. One thing of special value the visitors had been taught was the value of conservation of fodder by an ensilage method. If the Department of Agriculture were to broadcast through the West information as to the simplicity, cheapness, and effectiveness of the making of ensilage, all the farmers there would soon be using it. Soon, with better methods of farming and fodder conservation, the drier districts would not want so much drought fodder from Riverina, which would thus lose a great source of revenue. The growth of wheat, Mr. Bennett concluded, was not an economic proposition. The best thing that could be done was to combine sheep and wheat farming. (Applause). During the evening special musical items were given by Messrs. Robinson, Franklin, Paull and Stevenson, and Dr. Welsh. All were well given and warmly received. Later in the evening speeches made by Messrs Ball and Griffiths were broadcasted by Riverina Wireless Supplies. Ltd. ON TO BURRINJUCK. At 8 o'clock this morning the visitors leave Wagga. They first visit the power house and pumping plant, at the invitation of the Mayor, and will then continue their journey accompanied as far as Borambola and Wolkolena Stations by representatives of the Greater Wagga League. After inspecting the irrigation schemes on these stations they will proceed to Gundagai and thence to Burrinjuck. As previous, listener report INTERESTED IN IRRIGATION. The Macquarie Valley Water Conservation and Irrigation Committee, consisting of twelve car loads or more of farmers, shire engineers, and shire clerks and others interested in the project of a water conservation scheme in the Macquarie Valley, have been on a lengthy motor tour this week. The party, which consisted of residents from Narromine, Dubbo, and Wellington, drove from Narromine to the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas. While on the Areas they crammed a week's inspection into two days. On Tuesday they travelled all over Griffith, inspecting farms, etc., and arrived at Leeton on Wednesday, when 69 sat down for dinner at Andy McInnes' "Deniliquin Cafe". It was all bustle then to get away to the Yanco Experiment Farm, the Cannery, Butter Factory, etc. At 4.30 p.m. the party decided to go straight on to Narandera on account of the approaching storm. On Thursday morning an early start was made for Berembed Weir, where another rush inspection was made. The party was put on the road for Wagga and last night we heard them (by wireless in McInnes' Cafe) being entertained in Wagga. After hearing a couple of orchestral items, the Hon. R. T. Ball, M.L.A., Secretary for Public Works and Minister for Railways and State Industrial Enterprises, spoke on several proposed water conservation works that had been investigated by his Department. One of the party, a Mr. Fisher we believe, then spoke on the Macquarie Valley project and how they proposed with the aid of irrigation to grow fodder, etc. The speaker said they had had a good trip, travelling to Forbes, then on to the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas. The committee hoped to make their report in a few days time and then the scheme would be submitted to Parliament. The speaker desired to thank all those who had so kindly helped to make the trip so interesting and assisted them in gathering important data. He also desired to thank the Hon. Mr. Ball for his promise of assistance. The next wireless item was a song and chorus, then the Wagga Wireless broadcasting station informed us, they would adjourn our entertainment for half an hour while they tried to get Farmers Broadcasting station in Sydney. Evidently they succeeded in hearing Farmers, because they forgot all about us sitting in McInnes' cafe and we heard no more. The speakers were clear and as distinct as if speaking in the room, instead of being 100 miles away. Mr. McInnes says the grating noise you hear so much is caused by the air being disturbed by electric disturbances in the air. The best night for listening to wireless is on a wet night when the rain is pouring down. We are now anxiously waiting for a wet night. As previous, Riverina Wireless Supplies station broadcasts to the Wagga Life Saving Club's carnival HOSPITAL CARNIVAL. ON THE WAGGA BEACH. RESULTS OF EVENTS. On Saturday, an afternoon that was sunny, but was chilled by winter breezes, the Wagga Life Saving Club's Hospital benefit carnival was commenced on the Wagga beach. "Cold was the river and cold was the breeze," and swimmers were not sufficiently enthusiastic to stay in the water longer than their races required. However, a good display was given in competitive events, and in the Club's exhibition of life saving by reel and line. In the 100 yards race Ross Miller (sen.) was the winner, with R. Wunsch as runner up, but in the 220 yards he was not able to make up the ten seconds of Wunsch's start. On the beach and the bank above it many children played through the afternoon. Older folk made the beach and river bank a promenade ground and bought freely of the wares displayed on the beach stalls. At night the crowd, which was a little greater, was well entertained. The results of the afternoon session's swimming races were:— 33 yards youth's handicap (boys under 16): H. Thompson (scr.) 1; A. Blamey (5 secs.) 2. 100 yards handicap: R. Miller (scr.) 1; R. Wunsch (5 sec) 2. 220 yards Beach Handicap: R. Wunsch (10 secs) 1: R. Miller (scr.) 2. Several novelty competitions for children were conducted. The winners of these were: Sand modelling, Florrie Ruskin (map of Australia) 1: J. Bell (model of barge) 2. At night an interesting wireless programme was conducted by the Riverina Wireless Supplies. It consisted of vocal items contributed by Madame Hilda Sedgely, heard to best advantage in "Sink, Red Sun," and Miss Mollie Lockwood. Several items of the day's news made available by the "Daily Advertiser" were received clearly. "The Great Gavan" made the crowd merry by his brilliant ventriloquism. In both the afternoon and evening sessions the ladies of the Life Saving Club worked well and did much in raising the £20 which is to be given to the Wagga Hospital as the financial result of the carnival. Wagga Radio Club experiments with vehicular reception of the Riverina Wireless station WIRELESS WHILE MOTORING. WAGGA PARTY ENTERTAINED. That the Wagga Radio Club is an active body and intends to make full use of its experimental license, is apparant from the following facts. Yesterday afternoon, four enthusiastic members of the Club, working in conjunction with the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co., set out on an experimental tour in a motor car. They journeyed as far as Copland's Hill, carrying with them a valve radio set, with one valve amplifier. Throwing a wire over two trees which acted as an aerial, they enjoyed an impromptu concert in the bush, the music being distinctly heard through a loud-speaker. The success of their first venture, led the experimenters to try a further experiment. This time, about 120ft of high tension wire was wound round the motor car and, with a piece of wire gauze dragging along the road, at the rear of the car, which acted as an earth wire, a concert was heard clearly by the occupants of the car, all the way into Wagga. This is probably the first occasion on which a radio concert has been heard while travelling in a motor car in Riverina, and possibly, in the State. The start of the WJAZ misidentification debacle, WJAZ Chicago to broadcast for Australia on March 30 HELLO, CHICAGO! WIRELESS TELEPHONY MELBOURNE, Thursday. If all goes well, wireless enthusiasts will hear Chicago talking on the night of March 30. A bold effort to broadcast speeches and musical programmes from America will be made on that date by the Chicago "Tribune" Wireless Station. If the experiment is successful, a new step in wireless telephony will have been made. Australasian experimenters are asked, therefore, to listen in on March 30, and to notify results. The Chicago Station's call letters are WJAZ, and the wave length will be 448 metres. As previous CHICAGO TO AUSTRALIA. MELBOURNE, Thursday. An interesting experiment in long-distance wireless communication will be made on Sunday evening March 30, between the hours of 9 p.m. and midnight (Sydney time), when an attempt will be made to establish wireless telephonic connection between America and Australia. The "Chicago Tribune," one of the leading newspapers in the United States, has arranged to broadcast a three hours' speech and music programme for the benefit of radio enthusiasts in the Southern Pacific from its zenith wireless broadcasting station on Edgewater Beach Hotel, Chicago. Extra power will be used, and a special organisation has been created in the endeavour to reach Australia and New Zealand. The station call at Chicago from which the broadcasting will be transmitted is W.J.A.Z., and the wave length will be 448 metres. Pimblett included in experiments by Wagga Radio Club in vehicular reception RADIO CLUB'S EXPERIMENTS. The Junction and the Racecourse hotels were the scenes of impromptu concerts yesterday afternoon. Numbers of people also enjoyed entertainments in the streets. The stage setting was a motor car, and the artists were Messrs Anderson, Pimblett and McGarry, members of the Wagga Radio Club. Following on the success of their experiments in radio telephony last week these enthusiastic members conducted further experiments yesterday. In conjunction with the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co., and using an indoor aerial with no earth wire, music, broadcasted by Mr B. Melrose, who played a violin in the Commonwealth Bank Buildings, was reproduced through a loud speaker, while the three experimenters mentioned were travelling in a motor car. Not wishing to confine the unique joys of the position to themselves, they stopped the car at several points on the road, and on each occasion were quickly surrounded by a curious and wondering throng, which listened attentively until the car again moved on. As previous, further reporting RADIO ON ROAD. A few feet of wire, a receiving set, a piece of fly-proof door netting, and an amateur knowledge of wireless, enabled a picnic party, some miles from Wagga, to enjoy a programme of music sent out by the Riverina Wireless Company from its Wagga experimental station. The party went a few miles out of town, wound the wire round the hood of the car, until it looked like a cage, and made an earth line by attaching a piece of gauze wire, which they threw out behind. They got results from this with the 'phone receivers, but they were not satisfactory, so the gear was overhauled, and the party experimented further, and with pronounced success. Trailing the wire netting behind them, they drove the car 15 miles an hour, covered a lot of country, and finally made a short tour of the town streets, hearing all the time the music from the station. 1924 04. Listeners across Eastern Australia hear Riverina Wireless Supplies with similar programming to WJZ Chicago and assume the latter WAS CHICAGO SPEAKING? In these days of wonderful results with distance wireless telephony almost anything is possible and the listeners-in at Sydney on Sunday night could be forgiven for believing that they heard messages broadcasted from Chicago. It is fairly certain, however, that Chicago was not speaking at the time. It appears that a radio company had arranged to cut out all transmission between certain hours on Sunday night in Sydney because arrangments had been made that the Chicago "Tribune" should send out messages from the roof of its office and an effort would be made to pick the messages up at Sydney. It was expected that part of a speech by Mr. W. M. Hughes and some band items would be broadcasted by the "Tribune." A number of listeners-in at Kempsey and other parts of the State and many Sydney experimenters picked up messages between 7.30 and 8 o'clock. They believed they had caught fragments of a speech, and naturally assumed that it was Mr. Hughes's. They also heard a jazz band playing "Carolina," "Chicago," and other jazz music. It now transpires that the messages were from Wagga and not from Chicago. We learn that the Riverina Wireless Supplies Co., which has a station in the Commonwealth Bank Buildings, Fitzmaurice street, was transmitting between 7.30 and 8 o'clock on Sunday night. They were experimenting with a tone arm from which excellent results are expected. Their wave length was 275 metres. The programme broadcast included phonograph selections among which were a jazz band selection "Carolina," and other jazz music. The time corresponds with the time of receiving in Sydney, and to judge by urgent messages from Sydney yesterday it appears that Wagga's programme was in some quarters mistaken for the Chicago pro-gramme. As previous NOT FROM CHICAGO. Wagga Wireless Numbers. SYDNEY, Wednesday. Wagga is 7000 miles from Chicago, a mere trifle of course, but of interest when wireless "fans" record that broadcasting from Chicago was picked up by Sydney stations. What Sydney stations picked up was not broadcasting from Chicago, but from Wagga. A well-known Sydney operator tells his own tale: "Like many others, I was anxious to hear something from Chicago, and when I first received some signals I jumped to the conclusion that they came from America, and was very pleased with myself. "Then, suddenly, about 8.15, and at intervals afterwards, messages were signed 'Riverina Wireless Supplies, Wagga, New South Wales.' The items I heard, such as 'Chicago' and 'Carolina in the Morning' should have been enough to have told anyone that they could not have come from America. "Both of those songs have got whiskers on them in the States now."

Stardew Valley/Combat. The Stardew Valley combat system is quite simple compared to most modern games. You press the left mouse button (If you are playing on a computer) and your character attacks in the direction you're facing.

Terve, Jonathan!. A translation of 's "Salute, Jonathan!" into Ekumenski, a pan-European international auxiliary language created by Michael Wirth. Table of contents. Chapter 1 – Chapter 2 – Chapter 3 – Chapter 4 – Chapter 5 – Chapter 6 – Chapter 7 – Chapter 8 – Chapter 9 – Chapter 10 – Chapter 11 – Chapter 12 – Chapter 13 – Chapter 14 – Chapter 15 – Chapter 16 – Chapter 17 – Chapter 18 – Chapter 19 – Chapter 20 – Chapter 21 – Chapter 22 – Chapter 23 – Chapter 24 – Chapter 25 – Chapter 26 – Chapter 27 – Chapter 28 – Chapter 29 – Chapter 30 – Chapter 31 – Chapter 32 – Chapter 33 – Chapter 34 – Chapter 35 – Chapter 36 – Chapter 37 – Chapter 38 – Chapter 39 – Chapter 40 – Chapter 41 – Chapter 42 – Chapter 43 – Chapter 44 – Chapter 45 – Chapter 46 – Chapter 47 – Chapter 48 – Chapter 49 – Chapter 50 – Chapter 51 – Chapter 52 – Chapter 53 – Chapter 54 – Chapter 55 – Chapter 56 – Chapter 57 – Chapter 58 – Chapter 59 – Chapter 60 – Chapter 61 – Chapter 62 – Chapter 63 – Chapter 64 – Chapter 65 – Chapter 66 – Chapter 67 – Chapter 68 – Chapter 69 – Chapter 70 – Chapter 71 – Chapter 72 – Chapter 73 – Chapter 74 – Chapter 75 – Chapter 76 – Chapter 77 – Chapter 78 – Chapter 79 – Chapter 80 – Chapter 81 – Chapter 82 – Chapter 83 – Chapter 84 – Chapter 85 – Chapter 86 – Chapter 87 – Chapter 88 – Chapter 89 – Chapter 90 – Chapter 91 – Chapter 92 – Chapter 93 – Chapter 94 – Chapter 95 – Chapter 96 – Chapter 97 – Chapter 98 – Chapter 99 – Chapter 100

Terve, Jonathan!/Kapitul 1. Kapitules – Kapitul 1 – Kapitul 2 – Kapitul 3 Kapitul un (kapitul 1). Muž siste in vil. Di muž skribe dagbuk. Di muž vide vil. Siste di muž in vil? Ja, el siste in vil. Siste di muž in…muž? Ne, el ne siste in muž. El siste in vil. Siste di muž in tren? Ne, el ne siste in tren. El siste in vil. Di muž siste in vil. Skribe di muž dagbuk? Ja, el skribe dagbuk. Skribe di dagbuk di muž? Ne, di dagbuk ne skribe di muž. Dagbuk ne skribe. Muž skribe. Di muž skribe di dagbuk. Vide di vil di muž? Ne, di vil ne vide di muž. Vil ne vide. Muž vide. Vide di muž di vil? Ja, di muž vide di vil. Kud di muž siste? El siste in vil. Kvod di muž skribe? El skribe dagbuk. Kvod di muž vide? El vide vil. El siste in vil, i el skribe dagbuk, i el vide vil. "Siste" di muž in dagbuk? Ne, el "skribe" in dagbuk. Vide di muž muž? Ne, el ne vide muž; el vide vil. Di muž e grandi. Di muž e beni, i di muž e inteligenti. El denke. El denke o di vil. El denke: "Kvod e di vil? E di vil beni? E di vil grandi?" Skribe di muž vil? Ne, el ne skribe vil; vil e grandi. El skribe dagbuk; dagbuk nie (ne + e) grandi. Denke di dagbuk o di muž? Ne, dagbuk ne denke. Muž denke. El denke o di dagbuk, i denke o di vil. I el skribe in di dagbuk. El skribe o di vil. El skribe: "Di vil e beni, i di vil e grandi." El denke: "Di vil e beni"; el denke ke di vil e beni. El denke: "Di vil e grandi"; el denke ke di vil e grandi. El denke o di vil, i el denke o di dagbuk. Kvod e di dagbuk? Di dagbuk e kud di muž skribe; el skribe in dagbuk. In di dagbuk, di muž skribe o di vil. In di dagbuk, di muž ne skribe o di tren; di muž siste in di vil, ne in di tren. El ne denke o di tren; el denke o di vil, di vil Munik. Kvod e di vil? Il e Munik. Kud e Munik? Il e kud di muž siste. Kud e di muž? El e in Munik. Ja, Munik e grandi vil, i beni vil. Di muž denke ke Munik e beni vil, i el denke ke il e grandi vil. Di muž e inteligenti. El dikte: "Terve, Munik!" El e beni muž! Di muž siste i denke: "Kud e di tren?" El vide…el vide di tren! El denke: "Di tren!" Ted el ne denke o di dagbuk i ne denke o di vil; el denke o di tren!

Terve, Jonathan!/Kapitul 2. Kapitules – Kapitul 1 – Kapitul 2 – Kapitul 3 Kapitul du (kapitul 2). Ted di muž e in di tren. El nie in Munik; el e in tren. El viate. El denke: "Ted me viate od Munik do Vien. Il e beni viat. Me lubie viates." El denke o Munik. El denke: "Ted me e in di tren, ma jer me esed in Munik. I ted me skribe dagbuk in di tren, ma jer me skribed dagbuk in Munik. I ted me denke in di tren, ma jer me denked in Munik. Jer me denked o Munik in Munik, i ted me denke o Vien in di tren. Ted me e in di tren, ne in Vien. Ma me denke i skribe o Vien." Ted di muž denke in Munik? Ne, el ne denke in Munik. El denke in di tren. Jer el denked in Munik. El dikte: "Terve, tren!" Di muž e in di tren, i el viate do vil. Di vil nie Munik; Munik e di vil de jer. Di vil e Vien; Vien e di vil de hojt. Di muž denke o Munik i Vien. El denke: "Munik esed di vil de jer, i Munik esed beni. Ted il e hojt, i me e in tren; di tren e beni. Ve Vien ese beni?" Di muž denke o Munik: Munik esed di vil de jer. El denke in di tren: el e in di tren hojt. I el denke o Vien: Vien ve ese di vil de zautra. I el denke: "Munik esed grandi. Di tren e grandi. Ve Vien ese grandi?" I el denke: "In Munik me skribed in dagbuk. In di tren me skribe in dagbuk. In Vien ve me skribe in dagbuk? Ja, zautra in Vien me ve skribe in dagbuk. Me lubie dagbukes." Di muž denke multum (el denke multum = el denke i denke i denke), i el skribe multum. Ja, el e inteligenti muž. Inteligenti mužes skribe multum, i denke multum. El e Jonathan; Jonathan e inteligenti muž. El skribe: "Me e Jonathan. Me e in tren. Jer me sisted in Munik; zautra me ve siste in Vien." El denke, i skribe: "Di tren…il e beni, ma oldi. Il nie novi; il e oldi. In Munik di trenes e oldi? Ja, di trenes de Munik e oldi. Ma di trenes de Munik e beni, i me lubie di trenes de Munik. Jer me lubied di tren in Munik, i hojt me lubie di tren ted, i zautra me ve lubie di tren in Vien. Me lubie trenes!" Jonathan skribe: "Munik e beni vil i oldi vil, i Vien e beni vil i oldi vil. Munik i Vien nie novi, ma e beni. Munik i Vien e oldi, ma beni viles. Di viles nie novi, ma beni. Me lubie viles!" Jonathan denke, ke di drugi dag de viat e beni. El dikte: "Hojt esed beni drugi dag de viat. Me lubie viates!"

Terve, Jonathan!/Kapitul 3. Kapitules – Kapitul 2 – Kapitul 3 – Kapitul 4 Kapitul tri (kapitul 3). Jonathan siste in Vien: di vil de Vien. Jonathan denke ke Vien e beni, i ke Vien e beli. Jonathan ne denke ke Vien e hesli; el denke ke Vien e beli. El dikte: "Vien e beli vil! Me ve skribe o il!" I el skribe in di dagbuk o Vien. In di dagbuk el skribe: "Mei triti dag e muj beni! In di drugi dag me sisted in Munik. Ma ted me siste in Vien: Vien nie Munik. Munik i Vien e du viles; Munik nie Vien i Vien nie Munik. Me siste in Vien i di vil e muj beli. Me lubie Vien; di vil nie hesli. Kom beli e Vien! Ma me have problem." Kvod? Jonathan have problem? Keli problem? Ted el ne vide di dagbuk; el vide di vil i denke. El denke multum o di problem. Di problem de Jonathan e ke el lubie Vien, ma el ne have tajm. El denke: "Hm. Ted il e sep (7) ur. In des (10) ur di tren odite. Des (10) ur minus sep (7) ur e tri (3) horas. Tri horas nie multi tajm pro beli vil! Me ne have tajm. Have tajm e beni, ma me ne have il! Skribe dagbuk e beni, ma me ne have tajm pro skribe il! Kvod fakte in Vien?" El denke: "Me ne have muj tajm. Kvod fakte—skribe dagbuk, u ede, u vide di vil? Kvod me ve fakte?" El cetrodenke, i dikte: "Me have beni idea! Un moment…me denke. Mei tren odite in des (10) ur. Ci er e mer tardi tren, in des un (11) ur, u des du (12), des tri (13), des kvar (14) u des kvin (15) ur?" E vide…ja! Er e tren kel odite in des kvin ur. Ted Jonathan e felisi. Jonathan dikte: "Des kvin (15) minus sep (7) e ok (8). Ted me have ok horas de tajm! Kvod me ve fakte?" El dikte: "Me vise! Me ve ede stejk. I me ve drinke bier. Un moment…ne, me ve drinke du bieres, u tri bieres. Beni idea!" Ted Jonathan drinke bier in Vien, i ede stejk. El e felisi. El dikte: "Kom me e felisi! Me lubie di vil de Vien. Kom me lubie viates!"

Supplementary mathematics/Classification of data. Data classification is a type of quantity in statistics that calculates data of more than 10 and creates sets of multiple categories. This classification even calculates the average of more than 10 data This topic in applied mathematics in the subject of statistics is very good for categories of height in medium, short, tall, profit and loss in economy and tax, etc. Definitions. Range of Changes. The difference between two numbers, one of which is the largest data and the other is the smallest data, is called the range of changes. categories. The number of specific categories in the categories, which is considered a type of variable, is said to divide the difference between the largest and the smallest data by its number. This category shows which data should be categorized in its range. Abundance. The result of collecting one category within the category is called that there are several data in the collection. handle center. The center of the category means the average of two categories, which is equal to their sum divided by two, which is used for the average of the data.

Chess Opening Theory/1. b3/1...e5/2. Bb2/2...Nc6/3. d4. = The Scientist's Method = 3. d4. This move has the main goal - to change the pieces and bring the queen to the center field, black cannot reject the sacrificed pawn due to the loss of advantage.

Radiation Oncology/Health Physics. Health physics, also referred to as the science of radiation protection, is the profession devoted to protecting people and their environment from potential radiation hazards, while making it possible to enjoy the beneficial uses of radiation. Radiation Safety and Protection. 2023 May 22. ()

Radiation Oncology/Radiotherapeutic (Medical) Physics. Medical physics is a distinct field of its own, built upon a foundation of physics but focusing on application to medicine. Medical physics provides the technical foundations of radiology, radiation oncology, nuclear medicine, and radiation safety.

Tagalog/Verbs. Transitive verbs in Tagalog are conjugated according to the focus and tense of the sentence. A transitive verb can either be "subject-focused" or "object-focused." In English, the same conjugation is used for the following sentences: "I eat chicken" and "I eat the chicken." The verb in both sentences is "eat." In Tagalog, however, different conjugations of "eat" must be used. The first sentence in Tagalog would utilize a "subject-focused" verb and the second sentence an "object-focused" verb. Example: In both sentences, "kumakain" and "kinakain" translates to the word "eat." The distinction between when to use a subject-focused verb and when to use an object-focused verb will develop over time. Subject-focused verbs fall under two families: the "um" family or the "nag" family. Some root words of verbs whose subject-focused conjugation fall under the "um" family are the following. Before enumerating verbs in the "nag" family, a discussion of tenses of the "um" verbs are in order. An example will be displayed here and then a discussion will follow thereafter. Example: Discussion: For subject-focus verb that fall under the "um" family and begin with a consonant, the rules are contained here. For the past tense, an "um" is inserted between the first consonant and vowel of the verb. So, the corresponding past tense for "kain" is "k-um-ain." (For this reason, "kain" falls under the "um" family.) Similarly, the past tense for "sulat" is "s-um-ulat." A similar rule follows for the present tense of an "um" verb. Simply insert an "um" between the first consonant and vowel, but also immediately insert the first "syllable" before preceding with the rest of the word. So, the present tense of "kain" is "k-um-a-KA-in." Notice that the syllable "ka" has been inserted, since this is the first syllable that makes up the word "kain." The present tense of the verb "sulat" is "s-um-u-SU-lat." Furthermore, the present tense of "pila" is "p-um-i-Pɪ-la." Thus, the format of the present tense of this conjugation is: <first consonant> <um> <first vowel> <first syllable> <rest of word> Indeed, mastering Tagalog conjugation is no simple feat! The future tense of subject-focus verbs under the "um" family that start with a consonant is simpler than their counterparts: reiterate the first "syllable" at the beggining of the word. Thus, the future tenses of the words "kain," "sulat," and "pila" are "KA-kain," "SU-sulat," and "PI-pila," respectively. The rules for verbs that start with vowels are very similar but deserving of their own treatment. For the past tense, add "um" at the beginning of the word. Hence, the past tenses for "inom" and "ayos" are "um-inom" and "um-ayos." For the present tense, add "um" and then the first vowel (which is the first syllable) at the beginning of the word. Thus, the present tenses of "inom" and "ayos" are "um-i-inom" and "um-a-ayos." Finally, the future tense needs only a reiteration of the first vowel/syllable at the beginning of the word. So, the future tenses of "inom" and "ayos" are "i-inom" and "a-ayos." Further Examples (using "sagót" and "ulán"): [Article to be finished at a later date.]

Supplementary mathematics/Law of total probability. The law of total probability, which is also known as Bayes' law of probability, is a rule of law in the field of statistics and probability that divides probability calculations into a separate, detailed and advanced part, that is, for example, you have no relative knowledge of the probability of the occurrence of an expression B, and for Finding the probability of an event B that we know, we can use to find the probability of the event B. Multivariate Law of Total Probability. According to this pattern B1..., Bn and an event called set A, the probability of event A can be calculated as a quantitative or weighted average in which the pattern B1..., Bn plays a role to find the calculation of its occurrence. According to each occurrence in the partition pattern with the probability of the occurrence of partitioning in terms of quantity, this formula can be used: formula_1 The same idea can be applied and calculated for random vectors. In this way, it is possible to obtain a For the marginal distribution, we pooled other variables from the joint distribution: formula_2 The law of total probability is both an independent event and the probability of evil, and it is a general law for these two topics. From the definition of conditional probability, we know that

A-level Physics/Health Physics/Transport Phenomena. Transport phenomena refer to the processes by which mass, momentum, energy, and other physical quantities are transported through a medium. These phenomena are fundamental to understanding the behavior of fluids, gases, and solids in various engineering, scientific, and everyday situations. Transport phenomena are governed by principles of conservation laws and fluid mechanics and are crucial in fields such as chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, materials science, and environmental science. The three main types of transport phenomena are: Key concepts and aspects of transport phenomena include: Understanding transport phenomena is essential for designing efficient industrial processes, optimizing material properties, predicting fluid behavior, and solving a wide range of engineering and scientific problems involving the movement of mass, momentum, and energy. Mass Transport. Mass transport, also known as mass transfer, refers to the movement of substances (particles, molecules, or ions) from one location to another within a medium, such as a gas or a liquid. Mass transport can occur due to concentration gradients, pressure differences, or other driving forces. This phenomenon is important in various scientific and engineering disciplines, including chemistry, biology, environmental science, and chemical engineering. There are two main types of mass transport: diffusion and convection. Applications of mass transport include: Understanding mass transport is essential for optimizing processes, predicting behavior in various systems, and designing efficient systems in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Momentum Transport. Momentum transport, also known as momentum transfer or fluid momentum transport, refers to the movement or transfer of momentum within a fluid (liquid or gas). Momentum is a vector quantity that represents the motion of an object and is defined as the product of mass and velocity. In fluid dynamics, momentum transport plays a crucial role in understanding how fluids flow, interact with surfaces, and transfer forces. There are several key concepts and mechanisms associated with momentum transport: Applications of momentum transport include: Momentum transport is a fundamental concept in fluid dynamics, with applications spanning engineering, physics, environmental science, and more. It plays a crucial role in predicting and controlling fluid behavior in a wide range of contexts. Energy Transport. Heat Transfer. Heat transfer is the process of energy exchange between objects or regions due to temperature differences. It occurs in various ways, including conduction, convection, and radiation. Heat transfer is a fundamental concept in physics and engineering, as it influences a wide range of natural and technological processes. Here are the three primary modes of heat transfer: Heat transfer plays a crucial role in various applications, including: Understanding heat transfer processes and their effects is crucial for optimizing engineering designs, improving energy efficiency, and maintaining safe and comfortable environments. Radiative Transfer. Radiative transfer refers to the process by which electromagnetic radiation (such as light) interacts with and is transmitted through a medium, such as gases, liquids, or solids. It is a fundamental concept in various scientific fields, including physics, astronomy, atmospheric science, and remote sensing. The concept of radiative transfer is used to describe how radiation propagates, scatters, absorbs, and is emitted by materials in different environments. Here are some key points related to radiative transfer: Radiative Transfer Equation: The radiative transfer equation is a mathematical framework used to describe the interactions of radiation within a medium. It considers parameters such as absorption, scattering, emission, and the geometry of the medium. Solving this equation for specific scenarios provides insights into how radiation behaves in various environments. Applications: Radiative transfer has diverse applications. In atmospheric science, it is used to model the behavior of sunlight as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere, influencing weather patterns and climate. In astronomy, it helps explain how light from distant celestial objects reaches us and provides information about their composition and temperature. Remote sensing techniques, such as satellite imagery, rely on radiative transfer principles to interpret the signals received from the Earth's surface and atmosphere. Simulation and Modeling: Radiative transfer equations are often solved using numerical simulations and computational models. These simulations help scientists and researchers understand complex radiative processes in different materials and environments. Radiative transfer plays a critical role in advancing our understanding of the behavior of electromagnetic radiation in various contexts, contributing to scientific research, technological applications, and our comprehension of the natural world. Quantum Transport. Quantum transport refers to the behavior of particles, such as electrons or other quantum objects, as they move through a physical system that obeys the laws of quantum mechanics. In the realm of quantum mechanics, particles don't behave in the same way as classical objects, and their behavior can exhibit wave-like and particle-like characteristics simultaneously. Quantum transport phenomena have important implications for understanding electronic devices, materials, and various quantum systems. Here are some key concepts related to quantum transport: Quantum transport has applications in various fields, including condensed matter physics, semiconductor devices, quantum information science, and emerging technologies like quantum computing and quantum communication. It's a fascinating and complex area of study that bridges the gap between the microscopic world of quantum mechanics and the macroscopic behavior of classical systems. Particle Transport. Particle transport generally refers to the movement of particles (such as atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or even subatomic particles) from one location to another within a medium or across different media. This phenomenon has applications and implications in various scientific fields, including physics, chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. Here are a few key aspects of particle transport: Overall, particle transport is a multidisciplinary topic that involves a deep understanding of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and the underlying physics of particles and fields. It's a fundamental concept that underlies many natural and engineered processes, making it a key area of research and application. Neutron Transport. Neutron transport is a specific area of physics that deals with the behavior and movement of neutrons through various materials and environments. Neutrons are subatomic particles that are electrically neutral and are found in the nucleus of atoms. The study of neutron transport is of great importance in various scientific and engineering fields, particularly in nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, and radiation protection. Neutron transport plays a pivotal role in understanding nuclear reactions, designing reactors, and assessing radiation hazards. Here are some key aspects of neutron transport: Overall, neutron transport is a specialized field that requires a deep understanding of nuclear physics, particle interactions, and mathematical modeling. It has wide-ranging applications in nuclear energy, research, medicine, and materials science, contributing to advancements in both fundamental science and practical technology.

Supplementary mathematics/chapter 1. Welcome to the Wikibook of LIST OF RESEARCH TOPICS

International Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/Great Britain/UPF Model "HS" & "EHS". Universal Postal Frankers Ltd. Model "HS" and "EHS".. Ten International Postal Supply Co., Ltd. Model "M" cancelling machines were imported from the United States in 1923 by Universal Postal Frankers Ltd., and these were fitted with single-value detachable meters manufactured at UPF’s experimental works.<br> Two versions of the machine were created, the Model "HS" (High Speed) and the Model "EHS" (Extra High Speed).<br> One machine (London W.C.2., M# blank) was used for demonstration purposes, while another was returned to IPS in 1924 fitted with a 1½d meter. The Model HS/EHS could not print a slogan, although the demonstration machine is known with a separately applied slogan.<br> <br> Machines known postally used are listed below. <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>

Hai, Jon!. Hai, Jon! This is the start of the Monav translation of "Salute, Jonathan!", a book by which teaches the language, using easy vocab and building up in a fun way. This is a work in progress, so please be patient. Cap 1. Unem maj (1em maj). Un om sa na un zif. Li om skra na un jurbuk. Li man vida li zif. Cu li om skra un jurbuk. Jo, li om skra un jurbuk. Cu li jurbuk skra li om. No, li jurbuk no skra li om. Un jurbuk no skra. Un om skra. Li om skra li jurbuk. Cu li zif vida li om. No, li zif no vida li om. Un zif no vida. Un om vida. Cu li om vida li zif. Jo, li om vida li zif. Vok sa li om? U sa na un zif. Vos skra li om? U skra un jurbuk. Vos vida li om? U vida un zif. U sa na un zif, e u skra un jurbuk, e u vida un zif. Cu li om sa na un jurbuk? No, u skra na un jurbuk. Cu li om vida un om? No, u no vida un om; u vida un zif. Li om sa nolit. Li om sa bo, din li om sa klug. U prexa. U prexa pi li zif. U prexa: "Vos sa li zif? Cu li zif sa bo? Cu li zif sa nolit?" Cu li om skra un zif? No, u no skra un zif; un zif sa nolit. U skra un jurbuk; un jurbuk no sa nolit. Cu li jurbuk prexa pi li om? No, un jurbuk no prexa. Un om prexa. U prexa pi li jurbuk, e prexa pi li zif. Din un skra na li jurbuk. U skra pi li zif. U skra: "Li zif sa bo, din li zif sa nolit". U prexa: "Li zif sa bo"; sa prexa ke li zif sa bo. U prexa: "Li zif sa nolit"; u prexa ke li zif sa nolit. U prexa pi li zif, din u prexa pi li jurbuk. Vos sa li jurbuk? Li jurbuk sa vok li om skra; u skra na li jurbuk. Na li jurbuk, li om skra pi li zif. Na li jurbuk, li om no skra pi li tren; li om sa na li zif no na li tren. U no prexa pi li tren; u prexa pi li zif, li zif Munhen. Vos sa li zif? E sa Munhen. Vok sa Munhen? E sa vok li om sa. Vok sa li om? U sa na Munhen. Jo, Munhen sa un nolit zif, din un bo zif. Li om prexa ke Munhen sa un bo zif, din u prexa ke e sa un nolit zif. Li om sa klug. U dira: "Hai, Munhen!". U sa un bo om! Li om prexa: "Vok sa li tren?" U vida... u vida li tren! U prexa: "Li tren!" Nu u no prexa pi li jurbuk din no prexa pi li zif; u prexa pi li tren!

TiddlyWiki Manual/Getting started. What is TiddlyWiki? TiddlyWiki (TW) is a single file that consists of many small chunks of data called tiddlers. The "file" is the application and also holds the content you add. Every aspect of TW's functional code is a "tiddler", and any content you add will become a "tiddler". Everything is customisable. The basic setup is ready to use, vanilla flavoured. As its name implies, TiddlyWiki was designed to create wikis with the aim of being easy to use in its most basic form, where a wiki can be hosted and/or published remotely, or used "offline". As a single file it's extremely portable, it can be saved to and accessed from a USB-thumb-drive. TiddlyWiki has been in use for almost 20 years. The first version of TiddlyWiki was released by Jeremy Ruston in September 2004. The current version, TW5, was released in 2013. See Wikipedia entry TiddlyWiki Choosing an edition There are four methods available to create, edit and view TiddlyWiki content.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Lists/Legislation. LEGISLATION Since the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901 (and likely prior by the individual colonies), the regulator of the day has issued a variety of certificates of proficiency which enabled the certificate holder to apply for an equal variety of licences, or sometimes to obtain employment in a specific field. The following is a list of those encountered to date. Acts. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. Act No. 8 of 1905, 18 October 1905 Regulations. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1911 (Provisional) - 1911. C1911L00105 SR 1911 No. 105, 6 July 1911 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Provisional) - 1911. C1911L00128 SR 1911 No. 128, 17 August 1911 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1911. C1911L00216 SR 1911 No. 216, 22 December 1911 (in operation 13 January 1912) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1912. C1912L00120 SR 1912 No. 120, 7 June 1912 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1912. C1912L00122 SR 1912 No. 122, 7 June 1912 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1912. C1912L00146 SR 1912 No. 146, 4 July 1912 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1912. C1912L00211 SR 1912 No. 211, 17 October 1912 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) - 1912. C1912L00212 SR 1912 No. 212, 17 October 1912 (in operation 9 November 1912) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) - 1913. C1913L00018 SR 1913 No. 18, 23 January 1913 (in operation 22 February 1913) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1913. C1913L00116 SR 1913 No. 116, 23 April 1913 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) - 1913. C1913L00222 SR 1913 No. 222, 1 August 1913 (in operation 23 August 1913) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1911 (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1913. C1913L00263 SR 1913 No. 263, 1 October 1913 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1913. C1913L00287 SR 1913 No. 287, 15 October 1913 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913. C1913L00351 SR 1913 No. 351, 19 December 1913 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1914. C1914L00060 SR 1914 No. 60, 27 May 1914 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1914. C1914L00061 SR 1914 No. 61, 27 May 1914 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1914. C1914L00111 SR 1914 No. 111, 3 August 1914 (in operation immediately) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) (Provisional) - 1914. C1914L00155 SR 1914 No. 155, 28 October 1914 (In operation forthwith) Control of Radiotelegraphic Communication in Emergencies Regulations (Provisional) - 1914. C1914L00156 SR 1914 No. 156, 28 October 1914 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1914. C1914L00170 SR 1914 No. 170, 21 November 1914 (in operation forthwith) Control of Radiotelegraphic Communication in Emergencies Regulations - 1915. C1915L00009 SR 1915 No. 9, 14 January 1915 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1915. C1915L00075 SR 1915 No. 75, 12 May 1915 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1915. C1915L00094 SR 1915 No. 94, 8 June 1915 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraph Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1915. C1915L00139 SR 1915 No. 139, 11 August 1915 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1913 (Amendment) - 1915. C1915L00179 SR 1915 No. 179, 27 September 1915 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916. C1916L00212 SR 1916 No. 212, 6 September 1916 (in operation 1 September 1916) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920. C1920L00256 SR 1920 No. 256, 9 December 1920 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922. C1922L00169 SR 1922 No. 169, 20 November 1922 (in operation 1 December 1922) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations - 1923. C1923L00097 SR 1923 No. 97, 25 July 1923 (in operation 1 August 1923) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations - 1924. C1924L00101 SR 1924 No. 101, 17 July 1924 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Licences Regulations - 1927. C1927L00153 SR 1927 No. 153, 22 December 1927 (in operation 1 January 1928) General Regulations - 1933. C1933L00088 SR 1933 No. 88, 26 July 1933 (in operation forthwith) Acts Amending: 2, Legislative Amendments Amending 14. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations - 1942. C1942L00348 SR 1942 No. 348, 5 August 1942 Radio-telephone Exchange Service Regulations - 1952. C1952L00052 SR 1952 No. 52, 13 June 1952 Radio-telephone Exchange Service Regulations - 1956. C1956L00105 SR 1956 No. 105, 14 December 1956 Postal (Overseas Rates) Regulations - 1974. C1974L00176 SR 1974 No. 176, 2 October 1974 Radio-Telephone Exchange Service Regulations (Repeal) - 2004. C2004L06012 SR 1982 No. 403, 20 December 1982

United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/GROUP MEI – Meisel. Henry Meisel was an individual from Clintonville, Wisconsin who being not satisfied with the existing collector organizations involved in collecting postage meters formed his own organization the "American Metered Postage Society" in the late 1940's or early 1950's.

Supplementary mathematics/Taylor series. In mathematics, the Naylor series is an expression of a function, for example, f, in which all the derivatives of the order of magnitude of the order exist. Σ ∞n = 0 f (n) (a) (z − a)n/n! In this expression, sigma or Σ represents the sum of each element in the series, where n varies from zero (0) to infinity or (∞), f (n) represents the nth derivative of the function f and the expression n! The factorial function in the series is represented by the standard form. This series is named after Brooke Taylor, a mathematician and scientist from England.

Among Us/The Skeld. The Skeld is an iconic Among Us map. When someone thinks of Among Us, they'll probably think of the Skeld. In this chapter, some strategies that can help you win in this map (no matter what role you play) will be explored.ou Imposter Strategy. One of the most distinctive features of The Skeld is the variety of vents. Make good use of The Skeld's extensive network to make killing easy. Also, you can use sabotage to lead the crew away from bodies. Killing lone crewmates in obscure rooms, then cutting the lights can be a powerful combination.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1911L00105. STATUTORY RULES. 1911. No. 105. PROVISIONAL REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, do hereby certify that, on account of urgency, the following regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 should come into immediate operation, and make the regulations to come into operation forthwith as Provisional Regulations. Dated the 6th day of July, One thousand nine hundred and eleven. DUDLEY, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, JOSIAH THOMAS, Postmaster-General. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Short Title.. 1. These regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1911. Definitions.. 2. In these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “Land Station” means a station, not being a ship station, for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy, and includes an experimental station; “Ship Station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Territorial Waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any territory of the Commonwealth, and includes harbors; “The Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905. Kinds of Licences.. 3. Licences under section 5 of the Act may be— ("a") General Licences; or ("b") Experimental Licences. General Licences.. 4. (1) A General Licence shall be granted only in respect of ship stations on Australian ships. (2) Any number of ships belonging to the same company or person may be included in a General Licence. (3) A General Licence may be in accordance with the form in the Schedule, and shall include the terms and conditions set out in that form. (4) A General Licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, but may be renewed from time to time. Experimental Licences.. 5. (1) An Experimental Licence may be granted in respect of land stations only. (2) An Experimental Licence shall be in such form and, subject to these regulations, shall contain such terms and conditions as the Postmaster-General thinks fit to include therein. (3) An Experimental Licence shall remain in force until revoked, or until surrendered by the licensee, but shall be revocable at will by the Postmaster-General. (4) The wireless telegraphy appliances included in an Experimental Licence shall be used only for experimental purposes, and so as not to interfere with the working of any land station or ship station, and the licensee shall in working the appliances obey all directions issued by the Postmaster-General. (5) Two land stations may be included in any one Experimental Licence. Supplementary Licence.. 6. (1) The Postmaster-General may grant to the holder of a General Licence a Supplementary Licence in respect of any ship belonging to him and not included in the General Licence. (2) A Supplementary Licence shall be in such form as the Postmaster-General thinks fit, and shall be deemed to be incorporated with the General Licence, and the General Licence shall apply to each ship included in the Supplementary Licence to the same extent as if the ship had been included in the General Licence. Fees for Licences.. 7. The fees for licences shall be as follows— For a General Licence for ship stations or for any renewal thereof—Five shillings for each ship included in the licence. For a Supplementary Licence for ship stations or for any renewal thereof—Five shillings for each ship included in the licence. For an Experimental Station—One pound one shilling for each licence for the first year, and seven shillings and sixpence for each succeeding year. Application for a General Licence.. 8. (1) An application for a General Licence must be in writing, and must set out the following particulars— ("a") the names of the different ships to be included therein; ("b") the ports in Australia at which the ships are registered; and. ("c") the system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ships. (2) Before granting the licence the Postmaster-General may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Condition as to Syntony, etc.. 9. Before any General Licence is granted, the applicant must satisfy the Postmaster-General that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence complies with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave length. Licences to be in Duplicate.. 10. (1) Every licence shall be made out in duplicate, and one part shall be issued to the Licensee and the other retained in the Department of the Postmaster-General. (2) Before the licence is issued to the applicant he shall execute the part of the licence to be retained in the Department. Renewal of a Licence.. 11. (1) A General Licence or Supplementary Licence may be renewed by writing thereon a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed. (2) The memorandum of renewal must be signed by the Postmaster-General or by some officer authorized by him. (3) The renewal may be made at any time within one month before or one month after the expiry of the licence. (4) The memorandum is to be written on both parts of the licence. Revocation of Licence.. 12. The Postmaster-General may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, as to all or any of the ship stations included therein on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905, or on any other ground specified in the licence. Powers of Inspection.. 13. The Postmaster-General or any Deputy Postmaster-General or any person thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General or by a Deputy Postmaster-General may at all reasonable times enter upon any ship station or land station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may inspect such appliances and the working and user thereof. Communications between Ship and Land Stations.. 14. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether British, Foreign, or Australian) in territorial waters and a wireless telegraph station on land, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at that station shall be observed. Application of the Radio-Telegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 15. The provisions of the Radio-Telegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of private messages, whether installed by the Commonwealth or under Licence, and whether at ship stations or land stations, and every Licensee shall comply therewith. Appliances to be Worked so as to Avoid Interference with other Appliances.. 16. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether an Australian ship, a British ship, or a foreign ship) in territorial waters shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. (2) In this regulation Naval or Military signalling includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Colonial Naval or Military Forces. Appliances not to be Worked while Ship in Harbor.. 17. Except by permission of the Postmaster-General, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used whilst the ship is in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth. Application of Defence Regulations to Foreign Ships of War in Harbors.. 18. The use of wireless telegraphy appliances, on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative; as the Governor-General may think fit to make. Powers of Governor-General in Emergencies.. 19. If at any time, in the opinion of the Governor-General, an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, he may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Control of Appliances in Emergencies.. 20. (1) In case of emergency, any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Colonial), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed on any ship in pursuance of a licence, or installed in pursuance of any experimental licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of such appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of such appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence or experimental licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. Use of Wireless Telegraphy for Naval or Military Purposes.. 21. These regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the naval or military authorities of wireless telegraphy for naval or military purposes: Provided that in time of peace each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister of Defence and notice in writing of the installation shall be sent to the Postmaster-General. THE SCHEDULE.. Commonwealth of Australia. The Postmaster-General. to "Licence to establish Wireless Telegraph Ship Stations." To all to whom these presents shall come: I the Honorable the Postmaster-General of the Commonwealth of Australia send greeting: Whereas                                              of in the State of (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing erecting maintaining and using on ships belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: And whereas by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the "Wireless Telegraphy Order" 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or install or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship (whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: Provided that a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: And whereas the ships in respect of which this licence is granted are registered in the Commonwealth; And whereas by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish erect maintain and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Postmaster-General for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: And whereas the Licensee has made application for this licence and has paid the prescribed fees payable in respect thereof: Now I,                                                                                                                                 the Postmaster-General aforesaid in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                day of                          19        and terminating on the day of                                                    19        licence and permission— (i) To establish erect and instal and maintain work and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship stations specified in the Schedule hereto and at such other ship stations as may be specified in any Supplementary Licence given from time to time under the hand of the Postmaster-General appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed apparatus”). Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed at each ship station shall be of the character specified in the said schedule opposite to the name of such station or in any such Supplementary Licence as aforesaid; ("b") The apparatus used at all of the said ship stations shall be syntonised; ("c") The licensed apparatus shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave lengths of 300 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave lengths not exceeding 600 metres in length as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Postmaster-General; ("d") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than 12 words a minute five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed apparatus between the said ship stations and between the said ship stations and coast stations and other ship stations Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship stations when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed apparatus or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions: Interpretation clause. 1. In these presents (and in the Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “Naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph station whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg dated the 10th/22nd July 1875 and the Service Regulations made thereunder and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906” means the Convention signed at Berlin on the 3rd day of November 1906 and the Service Regulations made thereunder and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a wireless telegraph station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the service of correspondence between the land and ships at sea. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. Apparatus shall be deemed to be “syntonised” when the transmitting apparatus is so adjusted as to communicate with a receiver which has a corresponding adjustment, and to produce as little effect as possible on a receiver not having a corresponding adjustment. The aerial antenna must be continuous and without a break when in the transmitting condition. If two waves are emitted, neither may differ from the normal wave of the station by more than 3 per cent. provided that in the case of stations using 5 kilowatts or over this variation shall not exceed 2 per cent. Restrictions on use of apparatus 2. The licensed apparatus shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed apparatus or otherwise by the use of the licensed apparatus interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling on the commercial wave-lengths or Naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Admiralty or the Minister for Defence are of opinion that the working of the licensed apparatus at any ship station specified in the Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Postmaster General so to do close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of Naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations. 4. For the purpose of this Licence the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy but the provisions of the said Regulations in relation to semaphore telegraphy shall not be held to apply to wireless telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to Wireless Telegraphy. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906. As to interference 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Postmaster-General from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed apparatus to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of apparatus. 8. The licensed apparatus shall not without the consent of the Postmaster-General be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedule hereto or in any such Supplementary Licence as aforesaid. Indemnity of Postmaster-General. 9. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Postmaster-General against all actions claims and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation company or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference. 10. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence the Licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed apparatus on equal terms without favour or preference whether as regards rates of charge order of transmission or otherwise. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress. 11. The Licensee shall so far as possible receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed apparatus or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work stations. 12. The licensed apparatus at the said ship stations shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of competency issued by the Postmaster-General or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of competency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Postmaster-General that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Postmaster-General shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy. 13. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee and transmitted by Naval signalling or by any system of wireless telegraphy provided or maintained by or for the purposes of the Postmaster-General or any Department of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or by any Licensee of the Postmaster-General (other than the Licensee). Registers of messages to be kept. 14. The Licensee shall keep full accounts records and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed apparatus and in such registers each or such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination and such further particulars as the Postmaster-General shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms written and printed and transcripts of messages and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906 and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Postmaster-General or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a statute or general holiday. Power to Postmaster-General to inspect apparatus. 15. The Postmaster-General and any agent authorized in that behalf in writing by him may at all reasonable times enter upon all or any of the ship stations hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting and may inspect any apparatus fixed or being in such stations respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and user of such apparatus and telegraphic instruments respectively. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships. 16. The Licensees shall carry on every ship at which a ship station is established under this Licence a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Postmaster-General to be a true copy and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Postmaster-General for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio telegraphic Convention 1906. Fees. 17. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Postmaster-General for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of Five shillings per annum in respect of each ship station at which the licensed apparatus is installed. (2) The fees payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence and the fees payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned. 18. Except with the consent in writing of the Postmaster-General the Licensee shall not assign underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licences powers or authorities hereby granted or any of such licences powers or authorities. Power to take possession of or control apparatus upon emergency. 19. (1) If and whenever an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed apparatus or any part thereof to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said officer may seem fit and in that event any person authorised by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any such apparatus is installed and take possession of the said apparatus and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid instead of taking possession of the licensed apparatus as aforesaid direct and authorise such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus either wholly or partly and in such manner as he may direct and such persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorised by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed apparatus or any class or classes of such messages to stop or delay the transmission of any messages or deliver the same to him or his agent and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed apparatus arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this Clause. 20. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— Provisions for revocation of licence in certain events. ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Postmaster-General under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach non-observance or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905, then and in any such case the Postmaster-General may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and the licences powers and authorities hereinbefore granted and each and every of them as to all or any of the ship stations and thereupon these presents and the said licences powers and authorities and each and every of them shall absolutely cease determine and become void as to all or any of the said ship stations (as the case may be) but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Postmaster-General under the covenants on the part of Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Postmaster-General’s rights. 21. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Postmaster-General from time to time to establish extend maintain and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Postmaster-General from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1910 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905. Notices, &c. 22 Any notice request or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Postmaster-General under these presents may be under the hand of the Postmaster-General or any Minister or officer authorized by the Postmaster-General to act on his behalf and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the Licensee or if such notice request or consent relates to any particular ship station by delivery to the master of the ship upon which such station is installed and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary to the Postmaster-General’s Department at his official address within the Commonwealth. The SCHEDULE of Ship Stations before referred to. Other particulars:—

A Reference Guide to Cases in the Ukrainian Language/Vocative case. The vocative case is used to address someone in Ukrainian. Nouns. Plural Nouns. Most plural nouns do not change in vocative case, so “Dear friends” would be «Дорогі друзі». The word пани, does change to панове, and «Пані та панове» is the equivalent of “ladies and gentlemen”.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1911L00216. STATUTORY RULES. 1911. No. 216. REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the undermentioned Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905, namely:— Wireless Telegraphy Regulations. to come into operation on the 13th day of January, 1912. Dated this 22nd day of December, One thousand nine hundred and eleven. DENMAN, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, C. E. FRAZER. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Short Title.. 1. These regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1911. Definitions.. 2. In these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “Land Station” means a station, not being a ship station, for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy, and includes an experimental station; “Ship Station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Territorial Waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any territory of the Commonwealth, and includes harbors; “The Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905. Kinds of Licences.. 3. Licences under section 5 of the Act may be— ("a") General Licences; or ("b") Experimental Licences. General Licences.. 4. (1) A General Licence shall be granted only in respect of ship stations on Australian ships. (2) Any number of ships belonging to the same company or person may be included in a General Licence. (3) A General Licence may be in accordance with the form in the Schedule, and shall include the terms and conditions set out in that form. (4) A General Licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, but may be renewed from time to time. Experimental Licences.. 5. (1) An Experimental Licence may be granted in respect of land stations only. (2) An Experimental Licence shall be in such form and, subject to these regulations, shall contain such terms and conditions as the Postmaster-General thinks fit to include therein. (3) An Experimental Licence shall remain in force until revoked, or until surrendered by the licensee, but shall be revocable at will by the Postmaster-General. (4) The wireless telegraphy appliances included in an Experimental Licence shall be used only for experimental purposes, and so as not to interfere with the working of any land station or ship station, and the licensee shall in working the appliances obey all directions issued by the Postmaster-General. (5) Two land stations may be included in any one Experimental Licence. Supplementary Licence.. 6. (1) The Postmaster-General may grant to the holder of a General Licence a Supplementary Licence in respect of any ship belonging to him and not included in the General Licence. (2) A Supplementary Licence shall be in such form as the Postmaster-General thinks fit, and shall be deemed to be incorporated with the General Licence, and the General Licence shall apply to each ship included in the Supplementary Licence to the same extent as if the ship had been included in the General Licence. Fees for Licences.. 7. The fees for licences shall be as follows— For a General Licence for ship stations or for any renewal thereof—Five shillings for each ship included in the licence. For a Supplementary Licence for ship stations or for any renewal thereof—Five shillings for each ship included in the licence. Application for a General Licence.. 8. (1) An application for a General Licence must be in writing, and must set out the following particulars— ("a") the names of the different ships to be included therein; ("b") the ports in Australia at which the ships are registered; and ("c") the system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ships. (2) Before granting the licence the Postmaster-General may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Condition as to Syntony, etc.. 9. Before any General Licence is granted, the applicant must satisfy the Postmaster-General that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence complies with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave length. Licences to be in Duplicate.. 10. (1) Every licence shall be made out in duplicate, and one part shall be issued to the Licensee and the other retained in the Department of the Postmaster-General. (2) Before the licence is issued to the applicant he shall execute the part of the licence to be retained in the Department. Renewal of a Licence.. 11. (1) A General Licence or Supplementary Licence may be renewed by writing thereon a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed. (2) The memorandum of renewal must be signed by the Postmaster-General or by some officer authorized by him. (3) The renewal may be made at any time within one month before or one month after the expiry of the licence. (4) The memorandum is to be written on both parts of the licence. Revocation of Licence.. 12. The Postmaster-General may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, as to all or any of the ship stations included therein on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905, or on any other ground specified in the licence. Powers of Inspection.. 13. The Postmaster-General or any Deputy Postmaster-General or any person thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General or by a Deputy Postmaster-General may at all reasonable times enter upon any ship station or land station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may inspect such appliances and the working and user thereof. Communications between Ship and Land Stations.. 14. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether British, Foreign, or Australian) in territorial waters and a wireless telegraph station on land, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at that station shall be observed. Application of the Radio-Telegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 15. The provisions of the Radio-Telegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of private messages, whether installed by the Commonwealth or under Licence, and whether at ship stations or land stations, and every Licensee shall comply therewith. Appliances to be Worked so as to Avoid Interference with other Appliances.. 16. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether an Australian ship, a British ship, or a foreign ship) in territorial waters shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. (2) In this regulation Naval or Military signalling includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Colonial Naval or Military Forces. Appliances not to be Worked while Ship in Harbor.. 17. Except by permission of the Postmaster-General, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used whilst the ship is in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth. Application of Defence Regulations to Foreign Ships of War in Harbors.. 18. The use of wireless telegraphy appliances, on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General may think fit to make. Powers of Governor-General in Emergencies.. 19. If at any time, in the opinion of the Governor-General, an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, he may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Control of Appliances in Emergencies.. 20. (1) In case of emergency, any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Colonial), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed on any ship in pursuance of a licence, or installed in pursuance of any experimental licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of such appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of such appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence or experimental licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. Use of Wireless Telegraphy for Naval or Military Purposes.. 21. These regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the naval or military authorities of wireless telegraphy for naval or military purposes: Provided that in time of peace each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister of Defence and notice in writing of the installation shall be sent to the Postmaster-General. THE SCHEDULE.. Commonwealth of Australia. The Postmaster-General. TO "Licence to establish Wireless Telegraph Ship Stations." TO all to Whom these presents shall COME: I the Honorable                                                                                                                                                                          the Postmaster-General of the Commonwealth of Australia send greeting: Whereas                                                                       of                                                                                                            in the State of                                                                                                                                                                (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing erecting maintaining and using on ships belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: And whereas by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the "Wireless Telegraphy Order" 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or instal or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship (whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: Provided that a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: And whereas the ships in respect of which this licence is granted are registered in the Commonwealth: And whereas by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish erect maintain and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Postmaster-General for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: And whereas the Licensee has made application for this licence and has paid the prescribed fees payable in respect thereof: Now I,                                                                                                                                                                          the Postmaster-General aforesaid in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                                                                                                                                      day of                                                    19           and terminating on the                                                          day of                                                  19           licence and permission— (i) To establish erect and instal and maintain work and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship stations specified in the first Schedule hereto and at such other ship stations as may be specified in any Supplementary Licence given from time to time under the hand of the Postmaster-General appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                                 system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed apparatus”). Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed at each ship station shall be of the character specified in the said first Schedule opposite to the name of such station or in any such Supplementary Licence as aforesaid; ("b") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed in each ship station shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("c") The apparatus used at all of the said ship stations shall be syntonised; ("d") The licensed apparatus shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave lengths of 300 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave lengths not exceeding 600 metres in length as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Postmaster-General; ("e") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than 12 words a minute five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed apparatus between the said ship stations and between the said ship stations and coast stations and other ship stations  Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship stations when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed apparatus or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions: Interpretation clause. 1. In these presents (and in the first Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “Naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station and any other wireless telegraph station whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg dated the 10th/22nd July 1875 and the Service Regulations made thereunder and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906” means the Convention signed at Berlin on the 3rd day of November 1906 and the Service Regulations made thereunder and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a wireless telegraph station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the service of correspondence between the land and ships at sea. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. Apparatus shall be deemed to be “syntonised” when the transmitting apparatus is so adjusted as to communicate with a receiver which has a corresponding adjustment, and to produce as little effect as possible on a receiver not having a corresponding adjustment. The aerial antenna must be continuous and without a break when in the transmitting condition. If two waves are emitted, neither may differ from the normal wave of the station by more than 3 per cent., provided that in the case of stations using 5 kilowatts or over this variation shall not exceed 2 per cent. Restrictions on use of apparatus. 2. The licensed apparatus shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed apparatus or otherwise by the use of the licensed apparatus interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling on the commercial wave-lengths or Naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Admiralty or the Minister for Defence are of opinion that the working of the licensed apparatus at any ship station specified in the first Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Postmaster-General so to do close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of Naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations. 4. For the purpose of this Licence the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy but the provisions of the said Regulations in relation to semaphore telegraphy shall not be held to apply to wireless telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to Wireless Telegraphy. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radiotelegraphic Convention to be observed. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906. As to interference. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Postmaster-General from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed apparatus to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of apparatus. 8. The licensed apparatus shall not without the consent of the Postmaster-General be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto or in any such Supplementary Licence as aforesaid. Emergency apparatus. 9. (1) The Licensee shall cause the ship referred to in the Licence to carry emergency apparatus, comprising battery accumulators associated with a spark coil, together with switching apparatus, so that, in case the licensed apparatus is rendered inoperative, the emergency apparatus can be employed. (2) The emergency apparatus shall have a working capacity sufficient for communication for six hours, and the scheme of connexions employed in conjunction therewith may be of the plain air wire type. Indemnity of Postmaster-General. 10. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Postmaster-General against all actions claims and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation company or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference. 11. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence the Licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed apparatus on equal terms without favour or preference whether as regards rates of charge order of transmission or otherwise. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Intercommunication. 12. Every ship station licensed within the Commonwealth shall intercommunicate with and accept traffic from and through every other ship, whether licensed in the Commonwealth, the United Kingdom, any part of the British Dominions, or any foreign country, without regard to the particular system of radio-telegraphy used by the ship station desiring to communicate. Licensee to receive signals of distress. 13. The Licensee shall so far as possible receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed apparatus or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work stations. 14. The licensed apparatus at the said ship stations shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of competency issued by the Postmaster-General or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of competency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Postmaster-General that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Postmaster-General shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy. 15. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee and transmitted by Naval signalling or by any system of wireless telegraphy provided or maintained by or for the purposes of the Postmaster-General or any Department of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or by any Licensee of the Postmaster-General (other than the Licensee). Registers of messages to be kept. 16. The Licensee shall keep full accounts records and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed apparatus and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination and such further particulars as the Postmaster-General shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms written and printed and transcripts of messages and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906 and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Postmaster-General or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a statute or general holiday. Power to Postmaster-General to inspect apparatus. 17. The Postmaster-General and any agent authorized in that behalf in writing by him may at all reasonable times enter upon all or any of the ship stations hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting and may inspect any apparatus fixed or being in such stations respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and user of such apparatus and telegraphic instruments respectively. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships. 18. The Licensees shall carry on every ship at which a ship station is established under this Licence a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Postmaster-General to be a true copy and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Postmaster-General for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1906. Fees. 19. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Postmaster-General for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of Five shillings per annum in respect of each ship station at which the licensed apparatus is installed. (2) The fees payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence and the fees payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned. 20. Except with the consent in writing of the Postmaster-General the Licensee shall not assign underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licences powers or authorities hereby granted or any of such licences powers or authorities. Power to take possession of or control apparatus upon emergency. 21. (1) If and whenever an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed apparatus or any part thereof to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said officer may seem fit and in that event any person authorized by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any such apparatus is installed and take possession of the said apparatus and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid instead of taking possession of the licensed apparatus as aforesaid direct and authorize such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus either wholly or partly and in such manner as he may direct and such persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorized by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed apparatus or any class or classes of such messages to stop or delay the transmission of any messages or deliver the same to him or his agent and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed apparatus arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this Clause. Provisions for revocation of licence in certain events. 22. in any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Postmaster-General under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach non-observance or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Wireless "Telegraphy Act" 1905, then and in any such case the Postmaster-General may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and the licences powers and authorities hereinbefore granted and each and every of them as to all or any of the ship stations and thereupon these presents and the said licences powers and authorities and each and every of them shall absolutely cease determine and become void as to all or any of the said ship stations (as the case may be) but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Postmaster-General under the covenants on the part of Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Postmaster-General’s rights. 23. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Postmaster-General from time to time to establish extend maintain and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Postmaster-General from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1910 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905. Notices, &c 24. Any notice request or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Postmaster-General under these presents may be under the hand of the Postmaster-General or any Minister or officer authorized by the Postmaster-General to act on his behalf and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the Licensee or if such notice request or consent relates to any particular ship station by delivery to the master of the ship upon which such station is installed and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary to the Postmaster-General’s Department at his official address within the Commonwealth. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE TWO. Complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. Signed sealed and delivered by the Postmaster-General in the presence of Signed sealed and delivered by the Licensee in the presence of

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1920L00256. Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920 C1920L00256 SR 1920 No. 256, 9 December 1920 (in operation forthwith) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1920 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1920L00256/FRLI. STATUTORY RULES.. 1920. No. 256. REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905-1919. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, to come into operation forthwith. Dated this ninth day of December, 1920. FORSTER, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, GEO. H. WISE, Postmaster-General. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Short Title.. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920. Definitions.. 2. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between the land and ships at sea; “Department” means the Postmaster-General’s Department; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “Land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with the Government-controlled wireless system; “Licensee” means any person to whom a licence has been granted under these Regulations; “Ship station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Station” means a station for the transmission or receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Territorial Waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any territory of the Commonwealth, and includes harbors; “The Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; “The Minister” means the Postmaster-General or the Minister for the time being administering the Act; “The Radio-telegraphic Convention” means the Convention signed at London on the fifth day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. “The Secretary” means the Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department; “Wireless Telegraphy” includes all systems of transmitting, and receiving telegraphic and telephonic messages by means of electricity without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. Classes of Licences.. 3. (1) Licences under section 5 of the Act may be ("a") ship’s licences; ("b") experimental and instructional licences; or ("c") land station licences. Licences shall be in accordance with the forms contained in the Schedule. (2) A ship’s licence shall be granted only in respect of a ship station on an Australian ship. (3) An experimental and instructional licence may be granted to technical schools and similar institutions, and to persons for instructional purposes or scientific investigation of wireless telegraphy or wireless telephony phenomena, subject to the applicant producing satisfactory proof that he is a natural-born British subject resident in Australia and that he is competent to conduct experiments scientifically. (4) A land station licence may be granted in respect of a privately owned and operated station for the purpose of communication between the land station and the nearest Government-controlled station, provided there is no telegraph or telephone communication already in existence between those stations. (5) A licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, and may be renewed from time to time. Fees for Licences.. 4. (1) The following fees shall be payable for each year or portion of a year during which any licence is in force:— ("a") for a ship’s licence—One pound; ("b") for an experimental and instructional licence—Two pounds; ("c") for a land station licence—One pound. (2) The fees under this regulation shall be paid in advance. Applications for Licences—How Made.. 5. (1) An application for a ship’s licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The port in Australia at which the ship is registered; ("c") The system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship. (2) An application for an experimental and instructional licence shall be in writing, and set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name in full, age, residence, previous training and present occupation, nationality, and parents’ nationality. ("b") The scientific, technical, practical, or other grounds upon which it is desired to obtain a licence; ("c") Complete diagram of connexion and description of the apparatus it is intended to use. (3) An application for a land station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The locality of the station in respect of which the licence is applied for. ("b") The name of the owner of the land on which the station is situated, and whether the applicant is owner or lessee. ("c") The system of wireless telegraphy to be used, and a declaration that the applicant is the "bonâ fide" owner of the apparatus. (4) Before granting any licence the Minister may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Condition as to Syntony, etc.. 6. Before any licence is granted, the applicant shall satisfy the Minister that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence complies with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave length. Issue of Licences.. 7. (1) Every ship’s licence and land station licence shall be made out in triplicate. Two parts shall be issued to the licensee, and the other retained in the Postmaster-General’s Department. (2) Before the licence is issued to the applicant he shall execute the part of the licence to be retained in the Department. Renewal of a Licence.. 8. (1) A licence may be renewed by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed and signed by the Minister or by the Secretary. (2) The renewal may be made at any time within one month before or one month after the expiry of the licence. (3) The memorandum shall be written on each part of the licence, but in the case of the licensee’s parts it shall be in the form of an official receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or the Secretary, or by any person authorized to receive moneys on behalf of the Postmaster-General’s Department. Such receipts shall be attached by the licensee to the parts of the licence in his possession. Revocation of Licence.. 9. The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, or on any other ground specified in the licence. Tuned Crystallite Receivers.. 10. All vessels licensed under the Act, which are fitted with wireless telegraphy installations, and which trade in the territorial waters of the Commonwealth or adjacent islands under the Commonwealth control, shall be equipped with tuned crystallite receivers or receivers of the thermionic valve or electrolytic type. Other receivers suitable for connecting to the detector terminals of the “Marconi” multiple tuner may be utilized when fitted with suitable transformer, and provided that the tuning and sensitivity are of equal efficiency to that obtained from a receiver specially designed for use with crystallite detectors. Powers of Inspection.. 11. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Secretary may at all reasonable times enter upon any station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may inspect such appliances and the working and user thereof. Communications between Ship and Coast Stations.. 12. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether British, foreign, or Australian) in territorial waters and a coast station, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at the coast station shall be observed. Application of the Radio-telegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 13. The provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of private messages, whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and to all messages handled by such installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith. Appliances to be Worked so as to Avoid Interference with other Appliances.. 14. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether an Australian ship, a British ship, or a foreign ship) in territorial waters or in any land station shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. (2) In this regulation Naval or Military signalling includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Dominion Naval or Military Forces. Appliances not to be Worked while Ship Moored to any Wharf or Pier.. 15. Except by permission of the Minister, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia: Provided that any ship anchored or moored under quarantine regulations may use wireless apparatus for purposes of communication with a coast station when no alternative method of electrical communication is available. Use of Appliances by Foreign Ships of War in Harbors.. 16. The use of wireless telegraphy appliances, on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia, shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General may think fit to make. Powers of Governor-General in Emergencies.. 17. If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies.. 18. (1) In case of emergency, of which the Minister shall be the sole judge, the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraph appliances installed on any ship in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or. ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of such appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of such appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. (4) The Minister may notwithstanding anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under these Regulations, by order published in the "Gazette," prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with His Majesty the King or the possessions thereof. (5) Any order under sub-regulation (4) of this regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances. Operators’ Proficiency Certificates.. 19. (1) Every ship station and land station in respect of which a licence is issued shall be operated by a person or persons holding a certificate of competency or certificates of competency issued by the Minister after examination, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire. (2) A certificate of competency shall not be issued to any person other than a natural-born British subject, both of whose parents are natural-born British subjects: Provided that a certificate of competency may be issued or withheld by the Minister as he determines, according to the merits of the case. (3) Certificates of competency shall be of two classes, namely:— ("a") 1st class—issued to persons over eighteen years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than twenty words per minute; and ("b") 2nd class—issued to persons over eighteen years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than twelve words per minute. (4) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which such candidate is examined. A certificate of competency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of such certificate, One pound for the second copy and Two pounds for any subsequent copies: Provided that the Minister may authorize the issue of a duplicate or copy of a certificate without charge where it has been shown that the original certificate has been lost or destroyed in circumstances over which the holder had no control. In case of failure a candidate shall not be re-examined in any system or under any circumstances until after the lapse of three months. (5) If a person to whom a certificate of competency has been issued by the Minister— ("a") is convicted of a criminal offence; or ("b") is, on account of incompetence, or for any other reason, considered by the Minister to be unsuitable to continue to hold the certificate, the Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend the certificate. (6) Certificates of competency and licences issued by the Naval Board of Administration appointed under the "Naval Defence Act" 1910-1918, and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue in force as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Use of Wireless Telegraphy for Military Purposes.. 20. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the military authorities of wireless telegraphy for military purposes: Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister. Charges.. 21. The total charges for messages transmitted and received for any duly authorized station within the Commonwealth or licensed under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 shall include:— ("a") the coast station charge which belongs to the coast station; ("b") the ship station charge which belongs to the ship station; ("c") the land station charge which belongs to the licensee of the land station; ("d") the charge for transmission over the lines of the telegraph system (where necessary); and ("e") delivery charges (where necessary). 22. The rates for messages transmitted to or received from ship stations and land stations shall be as follows:— (1) For ordinary messages— ("a") Coast station transmitting or receiving charge— (i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 3d. per word; (ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, 6d. per word. ("b") Ship station transmitting or receiving charge— (i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 2d. per word; (ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, not exceeding 4d. per word. ("c") Land station transmitting and receiving charge, 2d. per word. ("d") Land line charge, 1d. per word. (2) For press messages— ("a") Coast station transmitting or receiving charge— l½d. per word. ("b") Ship station transmitting or receiving charge— Not exceeding 4d. per word, as determined by the ship authorities concerned; ("c") Land line charge, ⅓d. per word, odd fractions of one penny to be reckoned as one penny. (3) For messages to or from ships of the British or Australian Navies— ("a") For official messages— (i) Coast station charge, 1d. per word. (ii) There shall be no ship station charge. (iii) Land line charge, 1d. per word. ("b") For private messages— The rates and conditions shown in paragraph (1) of this regulation shall apply. (4) For messages consisting of reports to Lloyd’s agents concerning marine casualties and overdue vessels:— ("a") Coast station charge, 6d. per word. ("b") Land line charge, 1d. per word. The charges for these messages shall be collected from the addressee. (5) The charge for relaying radiotelegrams, irrespective of the number of coast stations concerned in the relaying, shall be:— ("a") When the ships of origin and of destination are both licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 4d. per word; ("b") When only one of the ships concerned or when neither of the ships concerned is licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 7d. per word. 23. (1) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on islands within the Commonwealth Administration or between any stations established on such islands except Flinders Island and King Island shall be— ("a") For ordinary messages one penny per word per radio station involved, plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth. ("b") For press messages (except Port Moresby and Samarai)— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth. ("c") For press messages to and from Port Moresby and Samarai— plus ordinary land line charges for press messages with in the Commonwealth. (2) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on King and Flinders Islands shall be— ("a") For ordinary messages one halfpenny per word per radio station involved, with a minimum of One shilling per message plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth; ("b") For press messages— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth. (3) For messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania, the rates shall be 3d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth for such land line handling as is involved. (4) For press messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania, the rates shall be 1d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth for such land line handling as is involved. (5) The rates for the radiotelegraphic transmission of deferred and week-end telegrams shall be one-half and one-quarter of the ordinary rates respectively. (6) Delivery charges, if any, shall in all cases be paid by the addressee. 24. The total charge for messages transmitted to or from ships or land stations shall be paid by the sender. Press Radiotelegrams for Publication on Ships.. 25. (1) Press radiotelegrams for publication on ships shall be addressed to the commander of a ship, or to a newspaper published on board a ship, and shall bear in the address the words “for publication” which words shall be charged for at press rates. (2) The information contained in such press radiotelegrams shall either be published in a ship’s newspaper or posted on a ship’s public notice board. (3) Press radiotelegrams shall, subject to this regulation, comply with the provisions of Articles 65 and 66 of the detailed regulations attached to the International Telegraph Convention Refunds.. 26. The full charge for a radiotelegram will be refunded when such radiotelegram is rendered useless through a fault of the telegraph service, and the full charge, less land-line charges, will be refunded when a radiotelegram cannot be delivered on account of the ship of destination having passed out of range. Transmission of Shipping Intelligence by Telephone.. 27. Information received at a coast station from vessels at sea, indicating the noon or midnight position, will be communicated by telephone to the owners or agents of such vessels on payment of One shilling per communication. Ocean Forecasts and Weather Reports.. 28. Ocean forecasts sent by the Commonwealth Meteorologist will be transmitted from radiotelegraph stations owned, operated, and maintained by or on behalf of the Minister to vessels at sea, and weather reports received at such radiotelegraph stations from vessels at sea, and addressed to the Commonwealth Meteorologist, will be transmitted, on payment of the following charges— For each communication not exceeding 20 words, 2s.; for each additional word, 1d.; plus one penny per word land line charge. Repeal.. 29. All regulations previously made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in force at the commencement of these Regulations, are hereby repealed save as to any right, privilege, or obligation acquired, accrued, or incurred thereunder. THE SCHEDULE.. Commonwealth of Australia. SHIP’S LICENCE. Dated                                       19 To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                       the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Send Greeting. WHEREAS of                                                   in the State of (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using on the       called                                            belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the "Wireless Telegraphy Order" 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or instal or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship (whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: PROVIDED THAT a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: AND WHEREAS the ship in respect of which this licence is granted is registered in the Commonwealth. AND WHEREAS by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I, the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the  day of  19                                         , and terminating on the                                                                 day of     , 19      , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                                                                                     system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed apparatus”): Provided that— ("a") Each ship station shall be of such class mentioned in Article XIII. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 as is specified in the said schedule opposite to the name of such station; ("b") The apparatus installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("c") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("d") The transmitting apparatus used on the ship station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals; ("e") The licensed apparatus shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths not exceeding 600 metres in length as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Minister; ("f") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed apparatus between the said ship station and coast stations and other ship stations: Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship station when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time, and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed apparatus, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a wireless telegraph station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the service of correspondence between the land and ships at sea. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. Restrictions on use of apparatus.. 2. The licensed apparatus shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed apparatus or otherwise by the use of the licensed apparatus interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed apparatus specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radiotelegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed apparatus to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of apparatus.. 8. The licensed apparatus shall not, without the consent of the Minister, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Emergency apparatus.. 9. The apparatus shall include such emergency installation as may be required according to the class of the ship station under the provisions of Article XI. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Indemnity of Minister.. 10. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 11. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed apparatus on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 12. The Licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed apparatus or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 13. The licensed apparatus at the said ship station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of competency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of competency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 14. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Registers of messages to be kept.. 15. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed apparatus, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                                             between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day, except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect apparatus.. 16. The Minister or any agent authorized in that behalf in writing by him may at all reasonable times enter upon the ship station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any apparatus fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such apparatus and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships.. 17. The Licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 18. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 19. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister, the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control apparatus upon emergency.. 20. (1) If and whenever an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus, it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed apparatus, or any part thereof, to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said officer may seem fit, and in that event any person authorized by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any such apparatus is installed and take possession of the said apparatus and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid, instead of taking possession of the licensed apparatus as aforesaid, direct and authorize such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed apparatus, either wholly or partly, and in such manner as he may direct, and such persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly, or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorized by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed apparatus, or any class or classes of such messages, to stop or delay the transmission of any messages, or deliver the same to him or his agent, and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe, and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed apparatus arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of Licence in certain events.. 21. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Ministers rights.. 22. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 23. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete Scheme of Connexions authorized to be employed in the herein Licensed Station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 in the presence of                                (l. s.) SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the Licensee in the presence of         (l. s.) Commonwealth of Australia. EXPERIMENTAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL LICENCE. Receiving Licence for Amateurs. No. Dated                                                       19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I the Honorable the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 send greeting: WHEREAS                                                                              of                                    in the State of                                                           (hereinafter called “the licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 with the sole object of conducting demonstrations or experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony. AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916, and of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia: AND WHEREAS the licensee has made application for this licence; NOW I, the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto, appliances for the purpose only of receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed appliances”) provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules; and (ii) To receive messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony at the said station from any experimental station provisionally authorized or fully licensed by the Minister: Provided that the licensed appliances shall be worked and the messages shall be received solely for the purpose of conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony, and for no other purpose whatever. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something, either in the subject or context, repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meanings as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916. (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy of telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or in any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for, the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Restrictions on use of apparatus.. 2. The licensed appliances shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the receipt of messages except messages authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. Alteration of appliances.. 4. ("a") The licensed appliances shall not without the previous consent in writing of the Minister be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. Indemnity.. ("b") The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Provision as to secrecy.. 5. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Licensee not to deliver messages without permission of Minister.. 6. The licensee shall not deliver or cause to be delivered to any person any messages received by him by wireless telegraphy or telephony unless the transmission or delivery of such message has been approved by the Minister or by an officer duly authorized by him to approve thereof. Power of Minister to inspect appliances.. 7. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Secretary may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee for the purpose of inspecting and may inspect any appliances fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such appliances and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Interference with telegraph lines of the Postmaster-General.. 8. ("a") All appliances used or intended to be used under this licence shall be so established, erected, maintained, and used as not either directly or by reason of the working or user thereof to interfere with the efficient or convenient maintenance working or user of any telegraph line of the Postmaster-General which may from time to time exist or to expose any such line to risk of damage or to risk of interference with the efficient or convenient working or use thereof. ("b") In case any telegraph line of the Postmaster-General shall be damaged or the efficient working or use thereof shall be wholly or partially interrupted or otherwise interfered with and the Chief Electrical Engineer for the time being of the Postmaster-General’s Department shall certify in writing under his hand that such damage interruption or interference has been caused directly or indirectly by any appliances used under this licence, or by anything done by on behalf or with the permission of the licensee in relation thereto, the licensee shall on demand pay to the Postmaster-General all costs that shall be reasonably incurred by him in repairing such damage and in removing or altering such telegraph lines so as to restore the same to efficient working order and in adding thereto or substituting therefor either temporarily or permanently any other telegraph line if the said Chief Electrical Engineer shall certify that such addition or substitution is reasonably required. ("c") For the purpose of this article, the expression “telegraph line” has the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 and the expression “telegraph line of the Postmaster-General” includes a telegraph or telephone line belonging to or worked by the Postmaster-General or constructed or maintained by him for any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia or other body or person. Licence not to be assigned.. 9. The licences powers and authorities hereby granted shall not except with the previous consent in writing of the Minister be assigned transferred sub-let or otherwise disposed of or dealt with and the licensee shall not except with a like consent allow any other person or body to participate in any manner whatsoever in the benefits of such licences powers or authorities. 10. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the station or premises specified in the first and second schedules hereto and the appliances and instruments thereon it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King such station premises appliances and instruments or any part or parts thereof and if the licensee shall comply with such demand the Minister or any person thereunto authorized by him may enter upon such station or premises and take possession of and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall during the period the possession and use of the said station premises appliances and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station or premises provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station or premises and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over on demand the said station or premises and the appliances and instruments thereon the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of such station premises appliances or instruments. Schedules.. 11. The technical details of the herein licensed station are contained in the first schedule hereto, and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. Licence fee.. 12. ("a") The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of Two pounds (£2) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed apparatus is installed. ("b") The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 13. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion give notice in writing to revoke and determine these presents and to cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed. Proviso as to compensation.. 14. In the event of these presents and the licence or permission hereby given being revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power hereunto enabling him the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 15. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish erect extend maintain and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the Post "and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or by the Minister under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 16. Any notice request or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by or for the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being to the Department being administered by the Minister and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the licensee and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. In witness whereof the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in the receiver. SIGNED, sealed and delivered by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 in the presence of— This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. SIGNED, sealed and delivered by the said licensee in the presence of— Commonwealth of Australia. EXPERIMENTAL AND INSTRUCTIONAL LICENCE.. Transmitting and Receiving Licence for Amateurs. No. Dated                                                       19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I, the Honorable the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, send greeting: Whereas                                                                                             of in the State of                                                                    (hereinafter called “the licensee”), is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, with the sole object of conducting demonstrations or experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony: And whereas by reason of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 and of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia: And whereas the licensee has made application for this licence: Now I,                                                                                                           the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed appliances”), provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules, and operated in accordance with the conditions specified. Provided that the licensed appliances shall be worked and the messages shall be transmitted and received solely for the purpose of conducting demonstrations in wireless telegraphy or telephony at public lectures or conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony for the advancement of science and for no other purpose whatever. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions, which may be altered, added to, or modified hereafter to meet public interests or requirements or emergencies. Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something, either in the subject or context, repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916. (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Restrictions on use of apparatus.. 2. The licensed appliances shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. As to interference.. 4. ("a") The licensed appliances shall be so worked as not to interfere with the working of any wireless telegraph or telephone station established in Australia by or for the purposes of the Minister or any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia, or for commercial purposes, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between or at wireless telegraph or telephone stations established as aforesaid on land and wireless telegraph or telephone stations established on ships at sea. On no account shall His Majesty’s ships be called by means of the licensed appliances. ("b") With a view to preventing such interference as aforesaid the licensee and every person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall comply with all directions which shall be given to the licensee by the Minister or prescribed by the Minister with respect to avoiding interference between one wireless telegraph or telephone station and another. ("c") The licensed appliances shall not without permission, in writing, from the Minister, or an officer thereunto authorized by him, be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. (d) The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Protection of naval and military signallings. 5. ("a") The licensee shall not (either by himself or by any person acting on his behalf or by his permission), by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed appliances or otherwise by the use of the licensed appliances, interfere with naval or military signalling. ("b") Whenever the operators of the said station of the licensee perceive, through the medium of the appliances used by them, that, naval or military signalling is proceeding, they shall refrain from using the licensed appliances until all indication that naval or military signalling is proceeding shall have ceased. ("c") These provisions for the protection of naval or military signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this licence. Provision as to secrecy.. 6. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Power of Minister to inspect appliances.. 7. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Secretary, may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee, for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any appliances fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such appliances and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Interference with telegraph lines of the Postmaster-General.. 8. ("a") All appliances used or intended to be used under the licence shall be so established, erected, maintained, and used as not either directly, or by reason of the working or user thereof, to interfere with the efficient or convenient maintenance, working, or user of any telegraph line of the Postmaster-General which may from time to time exist, or to expose any such line to risk of damage or to risk of interference with the efficient or convenient working or use thereof. ("b") In case any telegraph line of the Postmaster-General shall be damaged or the efficient working or use thereof shall be wholly or partially interrupted or otherwise interfered with, and the Chief Electrical Engineer for the time being of the Postmaster-General’s Department shall certify in writing under his hand that such damage, interruption, or interference has been caused directly or indirectly by any appliances used under this licence, or by anything done by or on behalf or with the permission of the licensee in relation thereto, the licensee shall on demand pay to the Postmaster-General all costs that shall be reasonably incurred by him in repairing such damage and in removing or altering such telegraph lines so as to restore the same to efficient working order, and in adding thereto or substituting therefor either temporarily or permanently any other telegraph line, if the said Chief Electrical Engineer shall certify that such addition or substitution is reasonably required. ("c") For the purpose of this article, the expression “telegraph line” has the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916, and the expression “telegraph line of the Postmaster-General” includes a telegraph or telephone line belonging to or worked by the Postmaster-General or constructed or maintained by him for any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia or other body or person. Licence not to be assigned.. 9. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister the licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefits of the licences, powers, or authorities hereby granted or any of such licences, powers, or authorities. Power to take possession of or control appliances upon emergency.. 10. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed appliances, it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King so much of the licensed appliances as is within Australia, or any part thereof, and if the said licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. Schedules.. 11. The technical details of the herein licensed station are contained in the first schedule hereto; and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. Licence fee.. 12. (1) The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of Two pounds (£2) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed apparatus is installed. (2) The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 13. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice, and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly, but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed. Proviso as to compensation.. 14. In the event of these presents and the licence or permission hereby given being revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power thereunto enabling him, the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 15. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish, erect, extend, maintain, and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit, neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever, upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit, and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Pout and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or by the Minister by or under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 16. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being of the Department being administered by the Minister, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the licensee, and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place; and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. 17. The licensee may communicate with any experimental radio-telegraph station provisionally authorized or fully licensed by the Minister for experimental purposes, providing that such communication does not interfere with the conduct of W/T signalling. In witness whereof the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE I.. Character of Appliances. SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 in the presence of— This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the said licensee in the presence of— Commonwealth of Australia. LAND STATION LICENCE.. Dated                            19       . To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable the Minister, or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, send greeting: WHEREAS of                                                                            in the State of (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using at belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                           the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                                                         day of            , 19      , and terminating on the                                                                      day of                               , 19     , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the land station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed apparatus”). Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("b") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("c") The transmitting apparatus used on the land station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals. ("d") The licensed apparatus shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths not exceeding 600 metres in length as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Minister. (e) The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed apparatus between the said land station and coast stations. Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said land station shall be subject to the Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed apparatus, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time.” The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a wireless telegraph station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the service of correspondence between the land and ships at sea. The expression “land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with the Government controlled wireless system. The expression “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. Restrictions on use of apparatus.. 2. The licensed apparatus shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed apparatus or otherwise by the use of the licensed apparatus interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed apparatus specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed apparatus to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of apparatus.. 8. The licensed apparatus shall not, without the consent of the Minister, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Indemnity of Minister.. 9. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 10. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed apparatus on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 11. The Licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed apparatus or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 12. The licensed apparatus at the said land station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of competency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of competency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 13. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Registers of messages to be kept.. 14. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed apparatus, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                                          between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect apparatus.. 15. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Secretary may at all reasonable times enter upon the land station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any apparatus fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such apparatus and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be exhibited.. 16. The Licensee shall exhibit on the land station established under this Licence a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 17. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 18. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control appliances upon emergency.. 19. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed appliances, it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the Licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King the licensed appliances, or any part thereof, and if the said Licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the Licensee all wages and salaries paid by the Licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the Licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the Licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. ("d") The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed apparatus arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of Licence in certain events.. 20. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents, shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenant herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any or the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void, but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 21. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit, and (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 22. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Land Station referred to in this Licence. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 in the presence of— SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the said licensee in the presence of—

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1920L00256/Notes. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920. 1910s. 1919. 1919 04. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. The removal of the restrictions on wireless on the high seas, except in certain zones, is expected to greatly facilitate communication with ships, and augment telegraphic traffic between these and airships. Moreover, the ships' range increased during the war to 1000 miles. 1920s. 1920. 1920 01. AMATEUR RADIO "A.A.B.S." sparks:— I was pleased to see by "The Sun" (9/1/'20) that someone has at last awakened to the neglected state of our radio communication. The great possibilities offered by this wonderful invention appear to have been overlooked by the Government of this country, to whom the great aid given by wireless during the war should have shown much of its possibilities. Most people would, no doubt, be greatly surprised to learn that a wireless message sent from the Carnarvon station in Wales takes one-fifteenth of a second to reach Sydney, which is in great contrast to the four-hour record offered by cable. Another great point of grievance is the lack of interest shown by the Government in amateur wireless. In the United States of America amateurs are given every encouragement, and radio clubs and radio relay leagues, by which any amateur can communicate with his brother-enthusiasts in all parts of America, are to be found in all the principal towns in the States. Out here in Australia hardly two amateurs seem to be known one to the other. There is one club in Sydney; beyond that there is no other of which I have any knowledge. While our amateurs have to use the old crystal type detectors and instruments, our American cousins use the latest types of valve receivers, by which they can hear the stations in Europe at work. As an amateur my self, I naturally feel being so far behind the times very greatly. The ban on amateur work has only just been lifted in this country, while in America it was lifted in April last year — this shows to a great extent the lack of interest displayed. I am not sure whether it is correct or not, but I have heard that it was stated in Parliament that the amateurs greatly interfered with the sending of Government messages. This seems to be in great contradiction to what Signor Marconi wrote in the March issue, 1919, of the "Wireless World," when he said:— "I consider that the existence of a body of independent and often enthusiastic amateurs constitutes a valuable asset towards the further development of wireless telegraphy." According to an article by Mr. E. T. Fisk, of the Amalgamated Wireless Co., Sydney, the Marconi Co. is willing to erect a station powerful enough to communicate with England on being given permission by the Government to do so, This offer seems to have been neglected by those who should be working for the betterment of this country. 1920 05. Use of Wireless. WAR-TIME RESTRICTIONS MODIFIED. The Federal Government has decided to modify to some extent the restrictions that were placed on the use of wireless telegraphy during the war. Subject to the approval of the authorities, licences for the erection of wireless plants will be granted to Australian ships, to technical schools and similar institutions, and to persons who desire to make use of wireless for instructional purposes and scientific investigation. Regulations dealing with the matter were gazetted yesterday. The licences will be issued for a period of one year, and may be renewed from time to time with the consent of the authorities. The fee for a wireless licence for a ship will be £1 a year, while the fee for an experimental or instructional licence has been fixed at £2 a year. These latter will only be issued to natural-born British subjects, resident in Australia, subject to the production of satisfactory proof of the applicant's competence to conduct experiments scientifically. Persons to whom licences are issued will be required to give a guarantee that they will not make use of any messages of a naval or military character that they may happen to receive, while in the case of experimental plants the licensee must undertake not to use the installation when it is apparent that naval or military signalling is proceeding. The installations will be subject to inspection at any time by duly authorised officers of the Naval Radio service, and the licences may be revoked at any time if the Minister deems such a course desirable. The appliances may also be commandeered by the Government in cases of urgency.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1922L00169. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1922 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1922L00169/FRLI. STATUTORY RULES.. 1922. No. 169. REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905-1919. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, to come into operation from 1st December, 1922. Dated this twentieth day of November, 1922. FORSTER, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, W. M. HUGHES, Prime Minister. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Part I.—Preliminary.. Short title.. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922. Parts.. 2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:— Part I.—Preliminary. Part II.—Licences—Classes and Conditions. Part III.—Applications for Licences. Part IV.—Working of Stations. Part V.—Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies. Part VI.—Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers. Part VII.—Miscellaneous. Definitions.. 3. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Act” means the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919; “Aircraft station” means a station on aircraft operated for the purpose of communicating with other authorized stations; “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “Authorized station” means a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Broadcasting station” means a station on land for the purpose of transmitting to an unlimited number of receiving stations and thereby disseminating news service or entertainment service; “Coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations; “Department” means the Prime Minister’s Department; “Experimental station” mean a station used solely for the purpose of instruction or demonstration in, or investigation into, wireless telegraphy; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “Land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating’ by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations; “Licensed installation” means an installation at a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “Licensee” means any person to whom a licence has been granted under these Regulations; “Portable station” means a station in no fixed location capable of being removed from place to place and being operated in transit for the purpose of communication by wireless telegraphy with other authorized stations; “Ship station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Station” means a station for the transmission or receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Territorial waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any Territory of the Commonwealth and includes harbors; “The Radiotelegraphic Convention” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time; “The Secretary” means the Secretary, Prime Minister’s Department; “The Controller” means the Controller of Wireless appointed by the Governor-General under the "Commonwealth Public Service Act" 1902-1918; “Wireless Telegraphy” includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraphic or telephonic messages by means of electricity without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. Part II.—Licences: Classes and Conditions.. Classes of Licences. 4. (1) Licences granted under section 5 of the Act shall be in accordance with the forms in the Schedule to these Regulations, and may be— ("a") Coast station licences (Form 1); ("b") Ship station licences (Form 2); ("c") Land station licences (Form 3); ("d") Broadcasting station licences (Form 4); ("e") Experimental licences (transmitting and receiving) (Form 5); ("f") Experimental licences (receiving only) (Form 6); ("g") Portable station licences (Form 7); or ("h") Aircraft station licences (Form 8). (2) Except with the consent of the Defence authorities, Licences shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural-born British subject or whose father was not a natural-born British subject at the date of that person’s birth or whose mother was at any time a subject of a state with which His Majesty was at war during the war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (3) A declaration of the secrecy of wireless communications shall be made in accordance with the form in the Schedule by all persons actually operating the licensed installation or having access to wireless communications. Coast station licences.. 5. (1) A coast station licence may be granted in respect of a station, situated in Australia, operated for the purpose of maintaining communication by wireless telegraphy with ship stations, land stations, or other coast stations. (2) The licensed installation shall be operated by an operator holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency. Ship station licences.. 6. (1) A ship station licence shall be granted only in respect of a station or on an Australian ship for the purpose of communication with a coast station or any other ship station. (2) Every ship station on an Australian ship shall be operated by an operator holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency: Provided that the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Controller, authorize a ship station on a yacht or launch not plying for trade to be operated by a competent person approved by the Controller. Land station licences.. 7. (1) A land station licence may be granted in respect of a station for the purpose of communication between the land station and another land or coast station, or such station as may be approved by the Minister. (2) The application shall indicate the stations with which it is desired to communicate, and communication with any other station will not be permitted except in cases of distress. (3) The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or by a competent person who shall be approved by the Controller. (4) Unless specially authorized by the Minister the licensed installation shall not be utilized for conducting commercial traffic constituting competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph and telephone services. Broadcasting station.. 8. (1) A broadcasting station licence may be granted in respect of a station operated for the purpose of disseminating news service or entertainment service. (2) The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or by a competent person who shall be approved by the Controller and sign a declaration of secrecy of wireless communications. (3) The station shall not be utilized for broadcasting advertising matter or commercial traffic. (4) The station shall be equipped with receiving apparatus. Experimental station.. 9. (1) Experimental licences shall be of two classes, namely:— ("a") for transmitting and receiving, and ("b") for receiving only. (2) They may be granted to technical schools and similar institutions, radio clubs approved by the Controller, and for instructional purposes or for purposes of scientific investigation of wireless telegraphy or wireless telephony phenomena. (3) If an applicant is under 21 years of age the application shall be countersigned by a parent, guardian, or other approved person who will be responsible for the observance of the conditions of the licence. (4) The applicant shall— ("a") indicate the nature and object of the experiments which he desires to conduct; ("b") satisfy the Controller of his technical qualifications to conduct experiments scientifically, and to adjust and control the apparatus he proposes to operate; ("c") if required, submit himself to such examination as the Controller directs, the fee for such examination being Five shillings; and ("d") where the application is for a licence to transmit and in such other cases as the Controller may decide be capable of operating at a speed of twelve words (Morse) per minute sending and receiving. (5) Conditions with regard to wave-lengths, power, location of station, and other technical features as are necessary for the protection and safe working of commercial and Defence stations shall be determined by the Controller, and shall not be inconsistent with these Regulations. (6) All apparatus used or intended to be used by the licensee shall be so erected, fixed, placed, and used as not, either directly or by reason of the working or user thereof, to interfere with the efficient and convenient working of Defence or commercial stations. (7) The Controller may authorize the licensee in writing to operate his licensed installation at an address other than that shown in the licence. (8) The Controller may grant a temporary permit for a demonstration of wireless telegraphy or telephony in connexion with lectures, entertainments, or any such proceeding calculated to assist the development or public appreciation of the art. Portable station.. 10. (1) A portable station licence shall be granted only in special cases within the discretion of the Minister or the Controller, and the power for transmitting shall not normally exceed 10 watts. (2) In no case will it be permissible to transact, by means of the station, business which constitutes competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services or commercial wireless services. (3) The licensee shall be a holder of an operator’s certificate of proficiency, or shall be a person certified by the Controller as being competent to operate the station efficiently. (4) The applicant shall state the station or stations he desires to communicate with, and communication with no other station or stations will be permitted, except in cases of distress. Aircraft station.. 11. (1) An aircraft station licence shall be issued in respect of a station installed on aircraft for purposes of communication with other authorized stations. (2) The station shall be operated by a competent person authorized by the Controller. (3) The applicant shall state the station or stations with which it is desired to communicate normally. Period of licence.. 12. A licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, and may be renewed from time to time. Fees for licences. 13. (1) The following fees shall be payable for each year or portion of a year during which any licence is in force:— ("a") for a coast station licence—One pound; ("b") for a ship station licence—One pound; ("c") for a land station licence—One pound; ("d") for a broadcasting station licence—Five pounds; ("e") for an experimental licence (transmitting and receiving)—One pound; ("f") for an experimental licence (receiving only)—Ten shillings; ("g") for a portable station licence—One pound; ("h") for an aircraft station licence—One pound. Provided that the Minister may grant any licence free of charge to Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited pursuant to the agreement made on 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited. (2) The fees under this regulation shall be paid in advance. Condition as to syntony.. 14. Before any licence is granted, the applicant shall satisfy the Minister or the Controller that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence comply with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave-length. Provision as to secrecy.. 15. Notwithstanding anything contained in any experimental or instructional licence granted prior to the making of these Regulations, neither the licensee under an experimental licence nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person by virtue of the licence. See also Regulation 4 (3). Licences to be in parts.. 16. (1) Every licence (except a ship licence) shall be made out in duplicate. (2) A ship licence shall be in three parts: two parts shall be issued to the licensee and the other retained in the Department. Licence to be exhibited.. (3) One part of the licence shall be exhibited in the room where the licensed apparatus is installed. In the case of a portable station or aircraft station a card in accordance with the form in the Schedule shall be carried. Renewal of Licences.. 17. (1). A licence may be renewed by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed, signed by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller. (2) The memorandum shall be written on each part of the licence, but in, the case of the licensee’s part it shall be in the form of an official receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or the Controller, or by any person authorized to receive moneys on behalf of the Department. (3) The receipts shall be attached by the licensee to the part or parts of the licence in his possession. Revocation of licence.. 18. The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Act or on any other ground specified in the licence. Licences issued by Minister for Navy or Postmaster-General.. 19. Licences issued by the Minister for the Navy under the Naval Defence Act 1910-1918 or by the Postmaster-General under the Act, and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Part III.—Applications for Licences.. Coast station.. 20. An application for a coast station licence shall be in writing and contain the following particulars:— ("a") Name of station; ("b") Latitude and longitude; ("c") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; (d) Normal range in nautical miles—(a) by day, (b) by night; ("e") System of wireless telegraphy to be used, with characteristics of the system of emission; (f) Type of aerial; ("g") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("h") Nature of services performed; ("i") Hours of service; and ("j") Coast station charge. Ship station.. 21. An application for a ship station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The port in Australia at which the ship is registered; ("c") Route or service in which engaged; ("d") Number of normal crew carried; ("e") Number of passengers as per passenger certificate; ("f") Number of operators and watchers; ("g") Hours of service; ("h") Gross tonnage; ("i") The system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship; ("j") Normal range of signalling in nautical miles—(a) by day, (b) by night; ("k") Description of transmitting apparatus including spark frequency and type of discharger; ("l") Description of receiving apparatus; ("m") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("n") Source of and maximum power; ("o") Maximum power taken by transmitting apparatus in amperes and volts; ("p") If alternator is used, number of cycles per second; ("q") Particulars of emergency apparatus showing primary power in volts and amperes and source of energy (capacity of storage battery to be stated if employed); and ("r") Ship station charge. Land station.. 22. An application for a land station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The locality of the station in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The name of the owner of the property on which the station is situated, and whether the applicant is owner or lessee; ("c") A description of the system of wireless telegraphy to be use (transmitter and receiver), including source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("d") Type of aerial; ("e") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("f") Source of and maximum power; ("g") Maximum power taken by transmitter; ("h") Name of station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("i") Normal range of signalling (in miles)—(a) by day, (b) by night; and ("j") Charges for service. Broadcasting station.. 23. An application for a broadcasting station licence shall be in writing and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The locality of the station in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The name of the owner of the property on which the station is situated, and whether the applicant is owner or lessee; ("c") A description of the system of wireless telegraphy to be used (transmitter and receiver); ("d") Type of aerial; ("e") Wave-length (in metres) to be utilized in broadcasting; ("f") Source of and maximum power; ("g") Maximum power taken by transmitter; ("h") Brief particulars of service to be broadcasted and times of transmission; and ("i") Charges to be made for service. Experimental station.. 24. An application for an experimental licence transmitting and receiving or receiving only shall be in writing, and set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name in full, age, address, technical training or qualifications, present occupation, nationality, and parents’ nationality; ("b") If the applicant is under 21 years of age the application shall be countersigned by a parent, guardian, or other approved person; ("c") The scientific, technical, practical, or other grounds upon which it is desired to obtain a licence; ("d") Complete diagram of connexions and description of the apparatus it is intended to use; and ("e") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Portable station.. 25. An application for a portable station shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address and age of applicant; ("b") The purposes for which the proposed station is to be utilized; ("c") The area within which it is proposed to transport and operate the station; ("d") The station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("e") Complete description (with diagram of connexions) of the apparatus to be utilized in the proposed station; and ("f") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Aircraft station.. 26. An application for an aircraft station licence shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") Route of service on which aircraft is engaged; ("c") Description of system of wireless telegraphy to be utilized; ("d") Normal range of signalling in miles—(a) by day, (b) by night; ("e") Wave-length of transmitter; ("f") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("g") Station with which it is desired to communicate; and ("h") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Further particulars to be supplied if required.. 27. Before granting any licence the Minister or Controller may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Part IV.—Working of Stations.. Application of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 28. The provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of messages, or wireless communications whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and to all messages handled by those installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith. Type of installation on ship station.. 29. (1) In cases of ship stations there shall be a normal installation and an emergency installation, except that where the normal installation complies with the requirements of this regulation as to emergency installations as well as those as to normal installations a normal installation alone will suffice. Range of normal installation.. (2) A normal installation must be capable of transmitting clearly perceptible signals from ship to ship over a range of at least 100 nautical miles by day under normal conditions and circumstances. Range of emergency installation.. (3) An emergency installation must include an independent source of energy capable of being put into operation rapidly and of working for at least six continuous hours with a minimum range from ship to ship of 80 nautical miles for ships of Class I., as defined in Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations 1921 (being Statutory Rules 1921, No. 104 as amended from time to time), and 50 nautical miles for ships of Classes II. and III., as so defined, and such independent source of energy must be capable of being worked for at least six continuous hours independently from the source of propelling power for the ship, the steam supply system, and the main electricity supply system. Means of ascertaining compliance with this regulation.. (4) For the purposes of this regulation an installation shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of the last preceding sub-regulation as to range if it is able to maintain communication on a 600-metre wave at a range of one and a half times the number of nautical miles hereinbefore respectively prescribed over sea by day with a coast station when employing a receiver without amplification devices. Communications between ship and coast stations.. 30. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters and a coast station, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at the coast station shall be observed, such rules being in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention. Decrement and coupling.. 31. (1) The waves emitted by any station licensed in Australia must be as little damped as possible, and in no case shall the logarithmic decrement of a complete oscillation exceed two-tenths, except when sending distress signals or signals or messages relating thereto. (2) The coupling between the primary and secondary of the oscillation transformer shall not be closer than that which gives a difference of 5 per cent. between the mean wave-length and either of the two waves emitted by the coupled circuits. Receivers on ship stations.. 32. All vessels licensed under the Act, which are fitted with wireless telegraphy installations, and which trade in the territorial waters of the Commonwealth or adjacent islands under Commonwealth control, shall be equipped with tuned crystallite receivers or receivers of the thermionic valve type of such a character as to afford the greatest protection from interference during the reception of signals. Spare parts to be carried on ship stations.. 33. A reasonable number of such spare parts of both the main and emergency apparatus as are subject to undue wear or deterioration and one extra pair of head telephones, extra cords, extra detectors, battery-testing instruments, and distilled water shall always be available in ship stations. Availability of power for ship stations.. 34. Power for the operation of the main equipment shall be available on all vessels licensed in Australia during the periods a watch is maintained in accordance with Schedule 1 of the licence or the Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations (being Statutory Rules 1921, No. 104, as amended from time to time). Powers of master.. 35. (1) The master of a vessel shall have the right to censor all messages addressed to or transmitted by a station on board the vessel under his control, but the master shall not divulge to any person (other than the properly authorized officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to his knowledge through the exercise of the censorship, nor shall the master or any operator divulge to any person (other than the properly authorised officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message (other than a message of distress) coming to his knowledge and not intended for the said station. Secrecy of correspondence to be maintained.. (2) Any master or person employed on a ship having access to wireless messages shall make a statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Interference to be avoided.. 36. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters or in any station shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. Definition of Naval and Military signalling.. (2) In this regulation “Naval or Military signalling” includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Dominion Naval or Military Forces. (3) Prompt compliance with any instructions or standard code signal transmitted by Commercial or Defence stations indicating that all experimental transmitting stations must cease operating for a stated period shall be given by all licensees of experimental or portable stations. Superfluous signalling prohibited.. 37. (1) The transmission of superfluous signals by any station is absolutely prohibited; trials and practices are forbidden except under such circumstances as to preclude the possibility of interference with other stations. (2) No person shall transmit or make a signal containing profane words or language, or transmit improperly the call sign of another station or any signals not necessary for the conduct of experiments or traffic. Ship stations not to signal while moored.. 38. Except by permission of the Minister or persons authorized by him the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia: Provided that any ship anchored or moored in accordance with the provisions of the Quarantine Act 1908-1920 or any regulations thereunder may use wireless apparatus for purpose of communication with a coast station when no alternative method of electrical communication is available. Powers of inspection.. 39. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Controller may at all reasonable times enter upon any station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may examine or test the appliances and the working and user thereof. See also Regulation 53. Part V.—Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies.. Powers of Defence Authorities.. 40. (1) In cases of emergency, of which the Minister shall be the sole judge, the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraph appliances installed on any station in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of the appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. (4) The Minister may, notwithstanding, anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under these Regulations, by order published in the Gazette, prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with His Majesty the King or the possessions thereof. (5) Any order under sub-regulation (e) of this regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances. Use of apparatus on foreign ships.. 41. (1) The use of wireless telegraphy appliances on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General thinks fit to make. (2) If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the Gazette prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Part VI.—Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers.. Ship and coast stations to have certificated operators.. 42. Every ship station and coast station in respect of which a licence is issued shall be operated by a person or persons holding a certificate of proficiency in accordance with the form in the Schedule, or certificates of proficiency issued after examination by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire. Conditions as to certificates.. 43. Certificates of proficiency shall be issued to candidates over eighteen years of age who have passed an examination which shall include the requirements of Article 10 of the Service Regulations appended to the International Radiotelegraph Convention and the Handbook for Wireless Telegraph Operators issued by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Examinations for certificates.. 44. The certificates shall be of two classes, namely:— First Class Certificate.. ("a") First Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— ("i") The adjustment of the apparatus and knowledge of the working thereof. ("ii") Transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed which must not be less than twenty words per minute (five letters being counted as one word). ("iii") Knowledge of the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications. Second Class Certificate.. (b) Second Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— ("i") The adjustment of the apparatus and knowledge of the working thereof. ("ii") Transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed of twelve to nineteen words per minute (five letters being counted as one word). ("iii") Knowledge of the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications. Fees for examination and certificate.. 45. (1) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which the candidate is examined. (2) A certificate of proficiency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of the certificate, One pound for the second copy, and Two pounds for any subsequent copies. Provided that the Minister may authorize the issue of a duplicate or copy of a certificate without charge where it has been shown that the original certificate has been lost or destroyed in circumstances over which the holder had no control. Re-examination of unsuccessful candidate.. 46. In case of failure a candidate shall not ordinarily be re-examined in any system until after the lapse of three months. Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend certificates.. 47. If a person to whom a certificate of proficiency has been issued by the Minister— ("a") is convicted of a criminal offence; or ("b") is, on account of incompetence, or for any other reason, considered by the Minister to be unsuitable to continue to hold the certificate, the Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend the certificate. Certificates issued by Minister for Navy and Postmaster-General.. 48. Certificates of proficiency issued by the Minister for the Navy under the Naval Defence Act 1910-1918 and by the Postmaster-General under the Act and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue in force as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Certificates to be exhibited in ship station.. 49. (1) The certificate of proficiency held by each operator shall be exhibited in the wireless room in respect of ship stations on which they are serving. (2) In other stations the certificates of operators shall be available for inspection by the Controller or officer authorized by him. Watchers’ Proficiency Certificates.. 50. (1) Every person acting as a Wireless Telegraphy Watcher, in accordance with the provisions of section 231 of the Navigation Act 1912-1920, shall hold a certificate of proficiency as a Watcher in accordance with the form in the Schedule issued by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire, certifying that the holder is capable of receiving and understanding the Radiotelegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal, and has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch, to know, by means of a buzzer or other simple test, that it is in proper condition to receive signals. (2) A certificate of proficiency as a Watcher shall not be issued to any person under sixteen years of age. (3) A fee of Five shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which he is examined. Nationality of operators and watchers.. 51. (1) Except with the consent of the Defence Authorities, a certificate of proficiency in accordance with Form 9 or 10 in the Schedule to these Regulations shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural-born British subject or whose father was not a natural-born British subject at the date of that person’s birth, or whose mother was at any time a subject of a State with which His Majesty was at war during the war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (2) In case of urgency a special certificate may be granted to Watchers of other than British Nationality for one voyage only. Part VII.—Miscellaneous.. Use of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes.. 52. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the Defence Authorities of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes: Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister. Seizure of apparatus installed without licence.. 53. If a justice of the peace is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for supposing that a wireless telegraphy station has been established, or that any apparatus for wireless telegraphy has been installed or worked in any place or on board any ship within his jurisdiction, without a licence in that behalf, he may grant a search warrant to any police officer or officer appointed in that behalf by the Minister or the Controller and named in the warrant, and a warrant so granted shall authorize the officer named therein to enter and inspect the station, place, or ship, and to seize any apparatus which appears to him to be used or intended to be used for wireless telegraphy therein. Sale of apparatus to unlicensed persons.. 54. (1) No person or firm shall sell or supply wireless telegraphy or telephony apparatus to any person unless and until the person requiring the apparatus produces evidence that he is in possession of or is about to obtain a licence as prescribed in these Regulations. Penalty: Ten pounds. (2) All purveyors of wireless telegraphy and telephony apparatus shall accordingly keep a register of sales of the apparatus, which register shall be available for inspection by the Controller or officer appointed by him, such register to be in accordance with the form prescribed in the Schedule. Penalty for non-compliance: Ten pounds. Detained appliances.. 55. (1) In this regulation “detained appliances” means an appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy which was taken into possession or control by or on behalf of the Commonwealth during the existence of the state of war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (2) Any detailed appliance may be returned to a person who satisfies the Minister or any officer authorized by the Minister that he is entitled to delivery of the appliance. (3) Notification may be given in the Gazette or by registered post to the person from whom the detained appliance was received requiring him to attend at the place where the appliance is stored and to take delivery thereof within a time fixed by the notification. (4) If a person entitled to delivery fails to remove the appliance within the time specified in the notice, or if the Minister or the officer authorized by the Minister is satisfied that any person so attending is not entitled to delivery thereof, the appliance may be sold either by public auction or private contract at the owner’s risk. (5) The net proceeds of the sale, after deduction of all expenses of sales, may be paid to any person who satisfies the Minister that he is entitled to the net proceeds. Repeal.. 56. (1) The Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1920 (being Statutory Rules 1920, No. 256, as amended by Statutory Rules 1921, No. 127 and 210, and by Statutory Rules 1922, Nos. 3 and 42) are hereby repealed. (2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the regulations mentioned in the last preceding sub-regulation, the rates provided by those Regulations immediately prior to the repeal shall, subject to any alteration made in pursuance of the agreement made on the 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth of Australia and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited, be the rates to be charged for messages transmitted or received by wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth, or between the Commonwealth and any Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth, or between any such Territories. THE SCHEDULE.. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 1. COAST STATION LICENCE. Dated                 19    . To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                           the Minister, or Member of the Executive Council for the time being               administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, send greeting: WHEREAS                                                                                                            of                                             in the State of                                       (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using at                                                           belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                       the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                                                    day of                          , 19    , and terminating on the                                                                         day of                                     , 19   , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the coast station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                                                                               system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as. “the licensed installation”). Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("b") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; "(c)" The transmitting apparatus used on the coast station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals ; ("d") The licensed installation shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 and 600 meters in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Minister or the Controller; ("e") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said coast station and ship stations, and/or land stations. Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said coast station shall be subject to the Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed installation, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said installation. Interpretation clause.. AND I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or contest repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations. The expression “land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations. The expression “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. The term “The Controller” means the Controller of Wireless.” Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection or naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths other than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with naval or other wavelengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall, when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or the Controller from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of apparatus.. 8. The licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Minister or the Controller, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Indemnity of Minister.. 9. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 10. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 11. The Licensee or persons employed thereby shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 12. The licensed installation at the said coast station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of proficiency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of proficiency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 13. The Licensee or any person employed by the Licensee having access to the messages shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorised officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Registers of messages to be kept.. 14. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or the Controller shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the national Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                                                                between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m, on every day except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 15. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller may at all reasonable times enter upon the coast station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be exhibited.. 16. The Licensee shall exhibit on the coast station established under this Licence a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. The certificate of proficiency issued to operators employed in the coast station shall be available for inspection by the Controller or officer authorized by him. Fees.. 17. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 18. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister the Licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 19. (a) If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King, shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the Licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King the licensed installation, or any part thereof, and if the said Licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the Station specified in the first and second schedules, and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the Licensee all wages and salaries paid by the Licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the Licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the Licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. ("d") The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. 20. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— Provision for revocation of Licence in certain events.. ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents, shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenant herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed ; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine and become void, but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 21. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the Post and Telegraph Act 1901-1916 or the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 22. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister, the Controller, or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 2. SHIP STATION LICENCE.. Dated                                      19 To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                      the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, Send Greeting. WHEREAS                                                                                                                        of                     in the State of                                                                                                            (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using on the     called                        belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the Wireless Telegraphy Order 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or instal or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship (whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: PROVIDED THAT a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: AND WHEREAS the ship in respect of which this licence is granted is registered in the Commonwealth: AND WHEREAS by the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                                                                                               the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                                 day of                          19 , and terminating on the                          day of                          , 19      , licence and permission— ("i") To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                             system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed installation”): Provided that— (a) Each ship station shall be of such class mentioned in Article XIII. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 as is specified in the said schedule opposite to the name of such station; ("b") The installation installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; (c) A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; (d) The transmitting installation used on the ship station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals; (e) The licensed installation shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 and 600 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths as shall be authorized in writing from to time by the Minister or the Controller; (f) The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said ship station and coast stations and other ship stations: Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship station when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time, and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the Regulations under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed installation, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the Telegraph Act 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “ the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 “ means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. The term “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Restrictions on use of use installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1910 so far as the same are applicable, to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or the Controller from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station, and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of installation.. 8. The licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Minister or the Controller, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Emergency installation.. 9. The installation shall include such emergency installation as may be required according to the class of the ship station under the provisions of Article. XI. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Indemnity of Minister.. 10. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 11. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 12. The Licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any, other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 13. The licensed installation at the said ship station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of proficiency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of proficiency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 14. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the licensed installation. The operator and other persons having access to the messages transmitted or received by the licensed installation shall make a declaration of the secrecy of wireless communications. Registers of messages to be kept.. 15. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, arid such further particulars as the Minister or the Controller shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                          between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day, except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 16. The Minister or the Controller or any agent authorized in that behalf in writing by him may at all reasonable times enter upon the ship station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships.. 17. The Licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 18. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 19. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller, the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 20. (1) If and whenever an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed installation, or any part thereof, to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said officer may seem fit, and in that event any person authorized by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any licensed installation is installed and take possession of the said installation and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid, instead of taking possession of the licensed installation as aforesaid, direct and authorize such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, either wholly or partly, and in such manner as he may direct, and such, persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly, or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorized by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed installation, or any class or classes of such messages, to stop or delay the transmission of any messages, or deliver the same to him or his agent, and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe, and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of Licence in certain events.. 21. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 22. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the Post and Telegraph Act 1901-1916 or the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 23. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or the Controller or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Particulars of Emergency Installation:— Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete Scheme of Connexions authorized to be employed in the herein Licensed Station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 3. LAND STATION LICENCE. Dated                        19   . To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                    the Minister, or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, send greeting; WHEREAS                                                                                                                              of                                                         in the State of                                                               (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using at                                                                                                                                            belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of communicating by wireless telegraphy with AND WHEREAS by the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                                               the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the     day of              , 19      , and terminating on the             day of                                                                                                  , 19 , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the land station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                               system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “ the licensed installation “). Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("b") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("c") The transmitting apparatus used on the land station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals. (d) The wave-length to be employed shall be                                         for the transmitting apparatus. (e) The licensed installation shall not be used for conducting commercial traffic constituting competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said land station and       wireless, telegraphy stations. Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said land station shall be subject to the Regulations under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed installation, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said installation. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the Telegraph Act 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations. The expression “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or competent person so authorized by the Controller. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or the Controller from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of installation.. 8. The licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Minister or the Controller, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Indemnity of Minister.. 9. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 10. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Provisions as to secrecy.. 11. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. The Licensee, and operator employed by him, shall make a declaration of secrecy of wireless communications. Registers of messages to be kept.. 12. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or the Controller shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or the Controller or his officers thereto authorized at the Office of the Licensee in                                   between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 13. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller, may at all reasonable times enter upon the land station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be exhibited.. 14. The Licensee shall exhibit on the land station established under this Licence a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 15. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 16. Except, with the consent in writing of the Minister the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 17. (a) If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the Licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King the licensed installation or any part thereof, and if the said Licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the Licensee all wages and salaries paid by the Licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the Licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the Licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. ("d") The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of Licence in certain events.. 18. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents, shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenant herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any or the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless" Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void, but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 19. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit, and (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the Post and Telegraph Act 1901-1916 or the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 20. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, or the Controller, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed installation. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 4. BROADCASTING STATION LICENCE.. No. Dated                        19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                                                                         the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, send greeting: Whereas                                                       of                                                                   in the State of                                                                          (hereinafter called “the licensee”), is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, with the sole object of disseminating news service and/or entertainment service by wireless telephony : And whereas by reason of the provisions of the Post and Telegraph Act 1901-1916 and of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia: And whereas the licensee has made application for this licence: Now I,                                                                                                                                                               the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the First and Second Schedules hereto appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed installation”), provided that the apparatus installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said First and Second Schedules, and operated in accordance with the conditions specified. Provided (a) that the licensed installation shall be worked solely for the purpose of disseminating news service and/or entertainment service by wireless telephony, and for no other purpose whatever; ("b") that in no case shall the licensed installation be operated in such a way as to constitute competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services ; ("c") that the wave length employed for broadcasting shall be                meters. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions, which may be altered, added to, or modified hereafter to meet public interests or requirements or emergencies. Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the Schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the Wireless "Telegraphy" Act 1905-1919. (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act 1901-1916." (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Prime Minister or the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1919. (8) The expression “broadcasting station” means a station on land for the purpose of transmitting to an unlimited number of receiving stations and thereby disseminating news service and/or entertainment service. (9) The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of wireless. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the transmission or receipt of news and/or entertainment service except as authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. As to interference.. 4"." ("a") The licensed installation shall be so worked as not to interfere with the working of any wireless telegraph or telephone station established in Australia by or for the purposes of the Minister or any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia, or for commercial purposes, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between or at wireless telegraph or telephone stations established as aforesaid on land and wireless telegraph or telephone stations established on ships at sea. On no account shall His Majesty’s ships be called by means of the licensed installation. ("b") With a view to preventing such interference as aforesaid the licensee and every person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall comply with all directions which shall be given to the licensee by the Minister or the Controller with respect to avoiding interference between one wireless telegraph or telephone station and another. ("c") The licensed installation shall not without permission, in writing, from the Minister, or the Controller, or an officer thereunto authorized by him, be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. ("d") The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. ("e") The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or competent person so authorized by the Controller. Protection of naval and military signalling.. 5. ("a") The licensee shall not (either by himself or by any person acting on his behalf or by his permission), by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation, interfere with naval or military signalling. ("b") Whenever the operators of the said station of the licensee perceive, through the medium of the appliances used by them, that naval or military signalling is proceeding they shall refrain from using the licensed installation until all indication that naval or military signalling is proceeding shall have ceased. ("c") These provisions for the protection of naval or military signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this licence. Provision as to secrecy.. 6. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the apparatus hereby licensed. Operators or persons having access to the receiving apparatus of the licensed installation shall make a declaration of the secrecy of wireless communications. Power to Minister to inspect installation.. 7. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller, may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee, for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such installation and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Licence not to be assigned.. 8. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller the licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefits of the licences, powers, or authorities hereby granted or any of such licences, powers, or authorities. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 9. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King so much of the licensed installation as is within Australia, or any part thereof, and if the said licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and. use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. Schedules.. 10. The technical details of the herein licensed installation are contained in the first schedule hereto; and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. Licence fee.. 11. (1) The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of five pounds (£5) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed installation is installed. (2) The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 12. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice, and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly, but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed. Proviso as to compensation.. 13. In the event of these presents and the licence or permission hereby given being revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power thereunto enabling him, the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 14. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish, erect, extend, maintain, and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit, neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever, upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit, and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the licensee to exercise any of the power or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or by the Minister by or under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 15. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being of the Department being administered by the Minister or the Controller, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed, to the licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the licensee and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place; and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. 16. In witness whereof the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of Licensed Installation. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed installation. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 5. EXPERIMENTAL LICENCE. (Transmitting and Receiving.). No. Dated                                                            19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                                                                   the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, send greeting: Whereas                                         of                                                                                in the State of                                                   (hereinafter called “the licensee”), is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, with the sole object of conducting demonstrations or experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony: And whereas by reason of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 and of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia: And whereas the licensee has made application for this licence: Now I,                                                                                                        the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed installation”), provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules, and operated in accordance with the conditions specified. Provided that— ("a") The licensed installation shall be worked solely for the purpose of conducting demonstrations in wireless telegraphy or telephony or conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony for the advancement of science. ("b") The transmitting apparatus used on the station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during reception of signals. ("c") The wavelength to be employed by the transmitter shall be               metres and the transmitting power                                      watts measured in                     . ("d") The licensee shall comply with such directions as may be issued from, time to time by the Minister or Controller regarding times of transmission. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions, which may be altered, added to, or modified hereafter to meet public interests or requirements or emergencies. Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something, either in the subject or context, repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919"." (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916"." (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “ military signalling “ means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Prime Minister or the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1900-1919. (8) The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. As to Interference.. 4. ("a") The licensed installation shall he so worked as not to interfere with the working of any wireless telegraph or telephone station established in Australia by or for the purposes of the Minister or any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia, or for commercial purposes, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between or at wireless telegraph or telephone stations established as aforesaid on land and wireless telegraph or telephone stations established on ships at sea. On no account shall His Majesty’s ships be called by means of the licensed installation. ("b") With a view to preventing such interference as aforesaid the licensee and every person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall comply with all directions which shall be given to the licensee by the Minister or the Controller or prescribed by the Minister with respect to avoiding interference between one wireless telegraph or telephone station and another, ("c") The licensed installation shall not without permission, in writing, from the Minister, or an officer thereunto authorized by him, be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. ("d") The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Protection of naval and military signalling.. 5. ("a") The licensee shall not (either by himself or by any person acting on his behalf or by his permission), by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation, interfere with naval or military signalling. ("b") Whenever the operators of the said station of the licensee perceive, through the medium of the appliances used by them, that naval or military signalling is proceeding, they shall refrain from using the licensed installation until all indication that naval or military signalling is proceeding shall have ceased. ("c") These provisions for the protection of naval or military signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this licence. Provision as to secrecy.. 6. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the installation hereby licensed. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 7. The Minister, or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller, may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee, for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such installation and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Licence not to be assigned.. 8. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller, the licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefits of the licences, powers, or authorities hereby granted, or any of such licences, powers, or authorities. Power to take or control installation upon emergency.. 9. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him one behalf of His Majesty the King so much of the licensed installation as is within Australia, or any part thereof, and if the said licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first, and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on. behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. Schedules.. 10. The technical details of the herein licensed installation are contained in the first schedule hereto; and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. Licence fee.. 11. (1) The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of One pound (£1) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed installation is installed. (2) The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 12. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice, and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly, but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed. Proviso as to compensation.. 13. In the event of these presents and the licence or permission hereby given being revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power thereunto enabling him, the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 14. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish, erect, extend, maintain, and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit, neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever, upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit, and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or by the Minister by or under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 15. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Minister under these presents may, be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being of the Department being administered by the Minister or the Controller, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the licensee, and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place; and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. 16. The licensee may communicate with any experimental radio-telegraph station licensed by the Minister for experimental purposes, providing that such communication does not interfere with the efficient operation of Defence and commercial stations. In witness whereof the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Other particulars: SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorised to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in the licensed installation. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 6. EXPERIMENTAL LICENCE. (Receiving Only.). No. Dated                                                            19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I the Honorable                                              the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1005-1919 send greeting: WHEREAS                                                  of                               in the State of               (hereinafter called “the licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 with the sole object of conducting demonstrations or experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony. AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916, and of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia. AND WHEREAS the licensee has made application for this licence; NOW I, the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto, appliances for the purpose only of receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed installation”) provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules; and (ii) To receive messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony at the said station from any experimental station, licensed by the Minister; Provided that the licensed installation shall be worked and the messages shall be received solely for the purpose of conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony. And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something, either in the subject or context, repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meanings as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916"." (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or in any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Prime Minister or the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraph Act" 1905-1919. (8) The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the receipt of messages except messages authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. Alteration of installation.. 4. ("a") The licensed installation shall not without the previous consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. Indemnity.. ("b") The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Provision as to secrecy.. 5. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the installation hereby licensed. A declaration of secrecy of wireless communications shall be made by the licensee and by every person having access to the licensed installation. Licensee not to deliver messages without permission of Minister.. 6. The licensee shall not deliver or cause to be delivered to any person any messages received by him by wireless telegraphy or telephony unless the transmission or delivery of such message has been approved by the Minister or the Controller or by an officer duly authorized by him to approve thereof. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 7. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister the Secretary or the Controller may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee for the purpose of inspecting and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of receiving message by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such installation and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Licence not to be assigned.. 8. The licences powers and authorities hereby granted shall not except with the previous consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller be assigned transferred sublet or otherwise disposed of or dealt with and the licensee shall not except with a like consent allow any other person or body to participate in any manner whatsoever in the benefits of such licences powers or authorities. 9"." ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the station or premises specified in the first and second schedules hereto and the appliances and instruments thereon it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King such station premises appliances and instruments or any part or parts thereof and if the licensee shall comply with such demand the Minister or any person thereunto authorized by him may enter upon such station or premises and take possession of and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall during the period the possession and use of the said station premises installation and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station or premises provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station or premises and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over on demand the said station or premises and the installation and instruments thereon the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of such station, premises, installation or instruments. Schedules.. 10. The technical details of the herein licensed installation are contained in the first schedule hereto, and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. Licence fee.. 11. ("a") The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of ten shillings (10s.) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed installation is installed. ("b") The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 12. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion give notice in writing to revoke and determine these presents and to cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed. Proviso as to compensation.. 13. In the event of these presents, and the licence or permission hereby given being revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power hereunto enabling him the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 14. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish erect extend maintain and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication. (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post" "and Telegraph Act" 1901-1918 or by the Minister under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 15. Any notice request or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by or for the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being to the Department being administered by the Minister or the Controller, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last known place of residence or business of the licensee and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. In witness whereof the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed in the herein licensed installation. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in the licensed installation. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth of Australia. Form 7. PORTABLE STATION LICENCE.. No. Dated                                                       19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                                                                                          the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, send greeting : Whereas                                                     of                                                         in the State of                                                               (hereinafter called “the licensee”), is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using a system of wireless telegraphy or telephony as defined in section 2 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, for the purpose of experiment or communication with                                              station. And whereas by reason of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-4916 and of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 it is unlawful to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and it is also unlawful, save as in the said Acts provided, to transmit telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth of Australia: And whereas the licensee has made application for this licence: Now I,                            ,                                      the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireles3 Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee from the date of these presents until these presents are determined as hereinafter provided, licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use at the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed installation”), provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules, and operated in accordance with the conditions specified. Provided that ("a") in no case shall the licensed apparatus be operated in such a way as to constitute competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services or with commercial wireless services. ("b") The transmitting apparatus used on the station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible, and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall he of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during reception of signals. ("c") The wave length to be employed by the transmitter shall be                                 metres, and the transmitting power                                       watts measured in ("d") The licensee shall comply with such directions as may be issued from time to time by the Minister or Controller regarding times of transmission, ("e") The licensed installation shall be operated in a locality described as follows:— And I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions, which may be altered, added to, or modified hereafter to meet public interests or requirements or emergencies. Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the schedules hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context, repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— (1) The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. (2) The terms “telegraph” and “telegraph line” have the same meaning as in the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916. (3) The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony, between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship. (4) The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” or “His Majesty’s ships” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. (5) The expression “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth of Australia and of any territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. (6) The expression “military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station. (7) The expression “Minister” means the Prime Minister or the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 (8) The expression “portable station” means a station in no fixed location capable of being removed from place to place, and being operated in transit for the purposes of communication by wireless telegraphy, with other authorized stations. (9) The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the licensee or any other person either on behalf or by permission of the licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except as authorized by this licence. Licensee to observe regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 3. The licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the licensee. As to interference.. 4. ("a") The licensed installation shall be so worked as not to interfere with the working of any wireless telegraph or telephone station established in Australia by or for the purposes of the Minister or any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia, or for commercial purposes, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between or at wireless telegraph or telephone stations established as aforesaid on land and wireless telegraph or telephone stations established on ships at sea. On no account shall His Majesty’s ships be called by means of the licensed installation. ("b") With a view to preventing such interference as aforesaid the licensee and every person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall comply with all directions which shall be given to the licensee by the Minister or prescribed by the Minister or the Controller with respect to avoiding interference between one wireless telegraph or telephone station and another. ("c") The licensed installation shall not without permission, in writing, from the Minister, the Controller, or an officer thereunto authorized by him, be altered in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the first and second schedules hereto. ("d") The licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. ("e") The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or competent person so authorized by the Controller. Protection of naval and military signalling.. 5. ("a") The licensee shall not (either by himself or by any person acting on his behalf or by his permission), by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation, interfere with naval or military signalling. ("b") Whenever the operators of the said station of the licensee perceive, through the medium of the appliances used by them, that naval or military signalling is proceeding, they shall refrain from using the licensed installation until all indication that naval or military signalling is proceeding shall have ceased. ("c") These provisions for the protection of naval or military signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this licence. Provision as to secrecy.. 6. Neither the licensee nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person as aforesaid by means of the installation hereby licensed. All persons having access to the licensed installation shall make a declaration of secrecy of wireless communications. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 7. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controller may from time to time and at all reasonable times enter upon the station or other premises in the possession or occupation of the licensee, for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such places respectively for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy or telephony and all other telegraphic or telephonic instruments and appliances fixed or being in such stations respectively and the working and the user of such installation and telegraphic or telephonic instruments respectively. Licence not to be assigned.. 8. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or the Controller, the licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefits of the licences, powers, or authorities hereby granted or any of such licences, powers, or authorities. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 9. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation it shall be lawful for the Minister to call upon the licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King so much of the licensed installation as is within Australia, or any part thereof, and if the said licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorized by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon, ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the licensee all wages and salaries paid by the licensee to persons employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the licensee for similar services. Schedules.. ("c") In the event of the licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. Licence-fee.. 10. The technical details of the herein licensed installation are contained in the first schedule hereto and the complete scheme of connexions authorized to be employed is shown in the second schedule hereto. 11. (1) The licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of One pound (£1) for each year or part of a year the licence is in force in respect of the station at which the licensed installation is installed. (2) The fee shall be payable to the Minister annually in advance. Provision for revocation of licence.. 12. The Minister may at any time in his absolute discretion by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents and cancel the licence or permission hereby given at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of service of such notice, and at the expiration of that period the licence or permission hereby granted shall cease and determine accordingly, but without prejudice to any remedy of the Minister under any covenant or provision herein contained on the part of the licensee to be observed and performed, 13. In the event of these presents and the licence or permission hereby given bring revoked and determined by the Minister under the power hereinbefore contained or any other power thereunto enabling him, the licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation or damages by reason of the determination. Licence not to affect Commonwealth rights.. 14. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to establish, erect, extend, maintain, and use any system or systems of telegraphic or telephonic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as it shall in its discretion think fit, neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Commonwealth of Australia from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and user of telegraphs or telephones (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or the transmission of messages in any part of Australia by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever, upon such terms as it shall in its discretion think fit, and (save as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorise the licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Postmaster-General by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901"-"1916 or by the Minister by or under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 15. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Secretary for the time being of the Department being administered by the Minister or the Controller, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the licensee, and in such case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at such place; and any notice to be given by the licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to such Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. 16. The licensee may communicate with any experimental radiotelegraph station licensed by the Minister for experimental purposes, providing that such communication does not interfere with the efficient operation of Defence and commercial stations. In witness whereof the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1919 has hereunto set his hand and seal the day and year first hereinbefore written. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete Scheme of Connexions authorized to be employed in the herein Licensed Station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. Commonwealth of Australia. AIRCRAFT STATION LICENCE.. Form 8. Dated                            19 To all to whom these presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                         the Minister, or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, send greeting: WHEREAS                                                                                    of                                                                     in the State of                                                                           (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using on aircraft described as              employed on                            service belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the licensee during the term or period commencing on the                                            day of                          19 , and terminating on the        day of 19 , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, maintain, and use on the station specified in the first and second schedules hereto appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy or telephony (hereinafter called “the licensed installation”), provided that the appliances installed at the station shall be of the character specified in the said first and second schedules and operated in accordance with the conditions specified. Provided that— ("a") The apparatus installed shall be of the character specified in the said first schedule ; ("b") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee ; ("c") The transmitting apparatus used on the aircraft station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals. ("d") The wave-length to be employed shall be                                     metres and the power of the transmitter                             watts. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said aircraft station and other stations. AND I do hereby declare that the said licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the first schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 “ means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations. The expression “land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations. The expression “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored The expression “aircraft station” means a station on aircraft operated for the purpose of communicating with other authorized stations. The expression “the Controller” means the Controller of Wireless. Regulations on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except authorized by this licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the first schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister so to do, close the station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or the Controller from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of installation.. 8. The licensed installation shall not without the consent of the Minister or the Controller be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the schedules hereto. Indemnity of Minister.. 9. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. As to persons employed to work station.. 10. The licensed installation on the said aircraft station shall be worked only by a competent person or persons authorized by the Controller. Provisions as to secrecy.. 11. The Licensee and any person employed by him in operating the licensed installation shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the installation hereby licensed. All persons having access to the licensed installation shall make a declaration of secrecy of wireless communications. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 12. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister, the Secretary, of the Controller may at all reasonable times enter upon the aircraft station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving .messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Fees.. 13. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this licence shall be payable before the issue of the licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 14. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister, the Secretary, or the Controllers the Licensee shall not assign, underlet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 15. ("a") If and whenever, in the opinion of the Minister, an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient that His Majesty the King shall have control over the transmission and receipt of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful or the Minister to call upon the Licensee to hand over to him on behalf of His Majesty the King the licensed installation, or any part thereof, and if the said Licensee shall comply with the demand the Minister or any person authorised by him may enter upon and take possession of the station specified in the first and second schedules and use the same together with all appliances and instruments thereon. ("b") The Minister shall, during the period the possession and use of the said station, appliances, and instruments are retained on behalf of His Majesty the King, reimburse to the Licensee all wages and salaries paid by the Licensee to persons. employed in connexion with the said station, provided that the employment of such persons is necessary for the proper upkeep of the said station, and provided further that such wages or salaries are at the same rates as previously paid by the Licensee for similar services. ("c") In the event of the Licensee refusing to hand over the said station and appliances on demand, the Minister may immediately thereupon cancel this licence without prejudice to any steps the Governor-General in Council may think fit to take to obtain possession of the said station and appliances. ("d") The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. 16. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any or the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("b") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulations for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void, but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 17. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit ; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit, and (have as in this licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 18. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister, the Controller, or any officer authorized by him to act on his behalf, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete scheme of connexions and aerial system authorized to be employed in the herein licensed station. This drawing, purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. This licence is accepted by me under the provisions and terms and on the conditions above set out. Commonwealth  of Australia. "Certificate No." Form 9. CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY.. Granted by the Prime Minister. First Class. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the International Radio-telegraphic Convention and the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Mr.                         has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and has passed in— ("а") The adjustment of apparatus and knowledge of its working. ("b") Transmission and sound-reading at a speed of not less than twenty words a minute. ("c") Knowledge of the regulations applicable to the exchange of radio-telegraphic traffic. The candidate is proficient in the following systems:— It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a legal declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Certifying Officer— Controller of Wireless. Secretary, Prime Minister’s Department. (Date). Signature of Holder— Date of Birth—                                                Place of Birth— N.B.—This Certificate may be indorsed, or withdrawn, at the discretion of the Minister, in case of misconduct or breach of the Regulations on the part of the holder. Unless so withdrawn, it will continue to be valid so long as the Regulations of the Radio-telegraphic Convention concluded in London in 1912 remain in force. Particulars of the holder’s service should be indorsed hereunder by the masters of vessels on which the holder of certificate has served:— Commonwealth of Australia. Form 10. CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY AS A WATCHER IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY.. Granted by the Prime Minister. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the "Navigation Act" 1912-1920, Mr.                                                                                                                               has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and— ("а") is capable of receiving and understanding the Radio-telegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal";" ("b") has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch to know by means of a buzzer or other simple test that it is in proper condition to receive signals. It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Examining Officer— The holder of this Certificate is therefore authorized to perform the duties of a Watcher in Radio-telegraphy. for Secretary, Prime Minister’s Department. Date— Signature of Holder— Date of Birth— Place of Birth— Commonwealth of Australia. Form 11. STATUTORY DECLARATION REGARDING SECRECY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.. (1) Here insert name, address, and occupation of person making the declaration. I, (1)                                                                                                                                   of                                                         in the State of                                                              , do solemnly and sincerely declare:— 1. That I will hold strictly secret all wireless telegraphic or telephonic or other communications that may pass through my hands, or come to my knowledge in— ("a") conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony, in accordance with Licence No.                granted to me; or ("b") the execution of the wireless telegraphic or telephonic duties intrusted to me. 2. That I will not directly or indirectly either divulge to any person (other than a properly-authorized official of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message or information coming to my knowledge by reason of the licensed installation. If employed as an operator at a station licensed to conduct commercial wireless traffic I will not give any information directly or indirectly respecting such messages or communications except to the persons for whom such messages or communications are intended or to any authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or authorized official of my employer. 3. That I will not transmit or cause to be transmitted by wireless telegraphy or telephony any message received by me for transmission, or deliver or cause to be delivered to any person any messages received by me by wireless telegraphy or telephony, unless the delivery of such message has been approved by the Minister for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 or by an officer duly authorized by him to approve thereof. And I make this solemn declaration by virtue of the "Statutory Declarations Act" 1911 conscientiously believing the statements contained therein to be true in every particular. (2) Signature of person making declaration. (3) Signature of person before whom the declaration is made. (4) Here insert title of person before whom the declaration is made. Declared at                                                  the                                    day of              192 Before me, Note.—Any person who wilfully makes a false statement in a statutory declaration is guilty of an indictable offence, and is liable to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for four years. N.B.—To be signed before a Justice of the Peace or a Commissioner for Declarations, and returned to, the Controller of Wireless, Prime Minister’s Department, Melbourne. Form 12. ["Front of Card."] Commonwealth of Australia. Card of Authority to install and operate Wireless installation on portable/aircraft station. Issued by order of the Prime Minister. ["Inside of Card".] Commonwealth of Australia. Form 13. REGISTER OF SALES OF WIRELESS APPARATUS,. IN ACCORDANCE WITH WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905-19 AND REGULATIONS THEREUNDER. Particulars of Wireless Apparatus disposed, of by

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1923L00097. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1923. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1923 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1923 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1923 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1923L00097/FRLI. STATUTORY RULES.. 1923. No. 97. REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905-1919. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, to come into operation on the first day of August, 1923. Dated this twenty-fifth day of July, 1923. FORSTER, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, W. G. GIBSON, Postmaster-General. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Part I.—Preliminary.. Short title.. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations. Parts.. 2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:— Part         I.—Preliminary. Part       II.—Licences: Classes and Conditions. Part         III.—Applications for Licences. Part         IV.—Broadcasting.          Division 1.—Broadcasting Stations.          Division 2.—Broadcasting (Receiving) Stations.          Division 3.—Sale of Broadcasting (Receiving) Apparatus. Part         V.—Working of Stations. Part         VI.—Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies. Part         VII.—Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers. Part         VIII.—Miscellaneous. Definitions.. 3. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Accredited agent” means an accredited sales agent or an accredited representative of a manufacturer; “Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; “Aircraft station” means a station on aircraft operated for the purpose of communicating with other authorized stations; “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and of any territory of the Commonwealth; “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “Authorized officer” means any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Minister and includes the Chief Manager; “Authorized station” means a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Broadcasting station” means a station on land for the purpose of broadcasting to licensed broadcasting (receiving) stations; “Coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations; “Department” means the Postmaster-General’s Department; “Experimental station” means a station used solely for the purpose of instruction or demonstration in, or investigation into, wireless telegraphy; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Government message” means a message transmitted on behalf of the Government of the United Kingdom or the Government of the Commonwealth; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “International Telegraph Convention” means the International Convention of St. Petersburg dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and includes any modifications of the Convention made from time to time; “International Telegraph Regulations” means the service Regulations made under the International Telegraph Convention, and includes any modifications of those Regulations made from time to time; “Land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations; “Licensed installation” means an installation at a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “Licensee” means any person to whom a licence has been granted under these Regulations; “Military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station; “Minister” means the Minister for the time being administering the Act, and includes any Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being acting for or on behalf of the Minister; “Naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of his Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship; “Portable station” means a station in no fixed location capable of being removed from place to place and being operated in transit for the purpose of communication by wireless telegraphy with other authorized stations; “Ship station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Station” means a station for the transmission or receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Telegraph” means a wire or cable used for telegraphic or telephonic communication including any casing, coating, tube, tunnel or pipe enclosing the same, and any posts, masts or piers supporting the same, and any apparatus connected therewith, or any apparatus for transmitting messages or other communications by means of electricity; “Territorial waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any Territory of the Commonwealth and includes harbors; “The Chief Manager” means the Chief Manager, Telegraphs and Wireless, appointed by the Governor-General under the "Commonwealth Public Service Act" 1902-1918; “The Radiotelegraphic Convention” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th Day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time; “The Secretary” means the Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department; “Wireless Telegraphy” includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraphic or telephonic messages by means of electricity without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. Part II.— Licences: Classes and Conditions.. Classes, conditions, &c., of licences.. 4. (1) The following classes of licences may be granted and may be evidenced by instruments in accordance with the forms in the schedule to these Regulations:— ("a") Coast station licences (Form 1); ("b") Ship station licences (Form 2); ("c") Land station licences (Form 3); ("d") Broadcasting station licences (Form 4); ("e") Broadcasting (receiving) station licences (Form 5); ("f") Dealers’ licences (Form 6); ("g") Experimental licences (transmitting and receiving) (Form 7); ("h") Experimental licences (receiving only) (Form 8); ("i") Portable station licences (Form 9); or ("j") Aircraft station licences (Form 10). (2) Except with the consent of the Defence authorities, a licence (other than a broadcasting (receiving) station licence) shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural-born British subject or whose father was not a natural-born British subject at the date of that person’s birth or whose mother was at any time a subject of a state with which His Majesty’s was at war during the war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (3) A declaration of the secrecy of commercial, naval or military wireless communications shall be made in accordance with the form in the Schedule by all persons actually operating a licensed installation, except a broadcasting (receiving) installation, or having access to wireless communications. (4) Every licence shall be subject to the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as they are applicable to the licence, and those provisions shall be deemed to be incorporated in the licence. (5) A licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Minister against all actions, claims and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person, in respect of any injury arising from any act of the licensee or his agents permitted by the licence. (6) Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or an authorized officer, a licensee shall not assign, sublet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in any of the benefits of the licence, powers, or authorities granted. (7) Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Minister may be under the hand of the Secretary or other authorized officer of the Department being administered by the Minister, and may be served by sending the same by registered letter addressed to a licensee at the usual or last-known place or residence or business of the licensee, and in that case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at that place; and any notice to be given by a licensee may be served by sending it by registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. (8) A licensed installation shall not without the consent of the Minister or an authorized officer be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the schedule to the licence. (9) It shall be a condition of the granting of any licence that the licensee shall not— ("a") transmit any work or part of a work in which copyright subsists except with the consent of the owner of the copyright; or ("b") send out news or information of any kind published in any newspaper or obtained, collected, collated or coordinated, by any newspaper, or association of newspapers or any news agency or service except with the full consent in writing, first obtained, of, and upon such payment and conditions as are mutually agreed upon by the licensee and the newspaper, association of newspapers, news agency or service. (10) Every licensed installation shall be available to the Minister for Defence in case of national emergency. (11) The issue of a licence by the Minister or an authorized officer under these Regulations shall not relieve the licensee of any responsibility for any infringement by the licensee of any patent for an invention. Coast station licences.. 5. (1) A coast station licence may be granted in respect of a station, situated in Australia, operated for the purpose of maintaining communication by wireless telegraphy with ship stations, land stations, or other coast stations. (2) The licensed installation shall be operated by an operator holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency. (3) The licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (4) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. (5) The licensee or persons employed by him shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and other stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer those requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or by any other means in the power of the licensee. (6) The licensee shall keep the full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (7) Each of the messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (8) Government messages shall be, in the registers, distinguished from other messages. (9) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a Statutory or general holiday. (10) The licensee shall exhibit on the coast station established under his licence a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with other stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. (11) The certificate of proficiency issued to operators employed in the coast station shall be available for inspection by authorized officers. Ship station licences.. 6. (1) A ship station licence shall be granted only in respect of a station or an Australian ship for the purpose of communication with a coast station or other ship station. (2) Every ship station on an Australian ship shall be operated by an operator holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency. (3) The licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority, and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (4) The licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and other stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer those requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any other means in the power of the licensee. (5) The licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (6) Each of the messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (7) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half the rates charged to the ordinary public. (8) Government messages shall be in the registers distinguished from other messages. (9) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraphic Regulations, and the registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day, except Sunday or a statutory or general holiday. (10) The licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. Land station licences.. 7. (1) A land station licence may be granted in respect of a station for the purpose of communication between the land station and another land or coast station, or such station as may be approved by the Minister. (2) The application shall indicate the stations with which it is desired to communicate, and communication with any other station will not be permitted except in cases of distress. (3) The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or by a competent person who shall be approved by an authorized officer. (4) Unless specially authorized by the Minister the licensed installation shall not be utilized for conducting commercial traffic constituting competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph and telephone services. (5) The licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority, and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (6) The licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (7) Each of such messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (8) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. (9) Government messages shall be in the registers distinguished from other messages. (10) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written or printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and the registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a statutory or general holiday. (11) The licensee shall exhibit on the land station established under his licence a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. Broadcasting stations and dealers’ licences.. 8. (1) A broadcasting station licence or broadcasting (receiving) licence or a dealer’s licence may be granted in accordance with the provisions of Part IV. of these Regulations. Experimental station licences.. 9. (1) Experimental licences shall be of two classes, namely:— ("a") for transmitting and receiving, and ("b") for receiving only. (2) They may be granted to "bonâ fide" experimenters, radio clubs, institutes approved by an authorized officer, and for instructional purposes or for purposes of scientific investigation of wireless telegraphy or wireless telephony phenomena. (3) The applicant shall— ("a") indicate the nature and object of the experiments which he desires to conduct; ("b") satisfy an authorized officer of his technical qualifications to conduct experiments scientifically, and to adjust and control the apparatus he proposes to operate; ("c") if required, submit himself to such examination as an authorized officer directs, the fee for such examination being Five shillings; and ("d") where the application is for a licence to transmit (and in such other cases as an authorized officer decides) be capable of operating at a speed of twelve words (Morse) per minute sending and receiving, or undertake to have always in attendance when the station is being operated a person who is so capable. (4) If an applicant is under 21 years of age the application shall be countersigned by a parent, guardian, or other approved person, who shall be responsible for the observance of the conditions of the licence. (5) Conditions with regard to wave-lengths, power, location of station, and other technical features as are necessary for the protection and safe working of other stations shall be determined by an authorized officer, and shall not be inconsistent with these Regulations. (6) All apparatus used or intended to be used by the licensee shall be so erected, fixed, placed, and used as not, either directly or by reason of the working or user thereof, to interfere with the efficient and convenient working of other stations. (7) An authorized officer may authorize the licensee in writing to operate his licensed installation at an address other than that shown in the licence. (8) Licensed installations shall be worked solely for the purpose of conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony for the advancement of science. (9) Licensed installations shall not be used by licensees or any other person either on behalf of or by permission of the licensee for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages relating to the experiment in hand as authorized by the licence. (10) Communication with licensed experimental stations only is permitted. (11) Licensed installations shall be so worked as not to interfere with the working of any wireless telegraph or telephone station established in Australia by or for the purposes of the Minister or any Department of the Commonwealth of Australia, or for commercial purposes, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between or at any such wireless telegraph or telephone stations on land and wireless telegraph or telephone stations established on ships at sea. On no account shall His Majesty’s ships be called by means of the licensed installation. (12) The licensee shall not (either by himself or by any person acting on his behalf or by his permission), by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation, interfere with naval or military signalling. (13) The provisions of the last preceding sub-regulation shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of these regulations. (14) An authorized officer may grant a temporary permit for a demonstration of wireless telegraphy or telephony in connexion with lectures, entertainments, or any such proceeding calculated to assist the development or public appreciation of the art. (15) It shall be a condition of the licence that the licensee shall not purchase or otherwise obtain any wireless apparatus for any purpose other than for the conduct of experiments as authorized by the licence. Portable station licences.. 10. (1) A portable station licence shall be granted only in special cases within the discretion of the Minister or an authorized officer. (2) In no case will it be permissible to transact, by means of the station, business which constitutes competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services or commercial wireless services. (3) The licensee shall be a holder of an operator’s certificate of proficiency, or the station shall be operated by a person certified by an authorized officer as being competent to operate the station efficiently. (4) The applicant shall state the station or stations he desires to communicate with, and communication with no other station or stations will be permitted, except in cases of distress. Aircraft station licences.. 11. (1) An aircraft station licence shall be issued in respect of a station installed on aircraft for purposes of communication with other authorized stations. (2) The station shall be operated by a competent person authorized by an authorized officer. (3) The applicant shall state the station or stations with which it is desired to communicate normally. Period of licence.. 12. (1) A licence other than a broadcasting station licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, and may be renewed from time to time the renewal date being the first day of the month in the year of renewal corresponding to the month in which the licence was granted. (2) A broadcasting station licence shall be for such period and shall be renewable as provided in Part IV. of these Regulations. Fees for licences.. 13. (1) The following fees shall be payable for each year or portion of a year during which any licence is in force:— ("a") for a coast station licence—One pound; ("b") for a ship station licence—One pound; ("c") for a land station licence—One pound; ("d") for a broadcasting station licence—Fifteen pounds; ("e") for a broadcasting (receiving) station licence—the fee provided in Division 2 of Part IV. of these Regulations; ("f") for a dealer’s licence—One pound; ("g") for an experimental licence (transmitting and receiving)—One pound; ("h") for an experimental licence (receiving only)—Ten shillings; ("i") for a portable station licence—One pound; ("j") for an aircraft station licence—One pound: Provided that the Minister may grant any licence free of charge to Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited pursuant to the agreement made on 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited. (2) The fees under this regulation shall be paid in advance. (3) If a transmitting licence is issued to the holder of a receiving licence, an additional fee at the rate of 2s. 6d. per quarter or portion thereof shall be charged during the currency of the receiving licence. Conditions as to syntony.. 14. (1) Before any licence is granted, the applicant shall satisfy the Minister or an authorized officer that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence comply with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave-length. (2) The transmitting apparatus used on the licensed stations shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible, and the receiving apparatus used at licensed stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during reception of signals. Provision as to secrecy.. 15. Notwithstanding anything contained in any experimental licence granted prior to the making of these Regulations, neither the holder of any licence other than a broadcasting (receiving) licence nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person by virtue of the licence. See also regulation 4 (3). Licences to be in parts.. 16. (1) Every licence (except a ship licence or broadcasting (receiving) licence) shall be made out in duplicate. (2) A ship licence shall be in three parts: two parts shall be issued to the licensee and the other retained in the Department. Licence to be exhibited.. (3) One part of the licence shall be exhibited in the room where the licensed apparatus is installed. In the case of a portable station or aircraft station a card in accordance with the form in the Schedule shall be carried. Renewal of licences.. 17. (1) A licence may be renewed by the issue of a fresh licence or by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed, signed by the Minister or an authorized officer. (2) The memorandum shall be written on each part of the licence, but in the case of the licensee’s part it shall be in the form of an official receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or an authorized officer, or by any person authorized to receive moneys on behalf of the Department. (3) The receipts shall be attached by the licensee to the part or parts of the licence in his possession. Revocation of licence.. 18. (1) The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Act or with any condition of the licence or on any other ground specified in the licence. (2) The licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation by reason of any such revocation or determination. Licences issued by the Prime Minister or Minister for the Navy.. 19. Licences issued by the Prime Minister or the Minister for the Navy, and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Part III.—Applications for Licences.. Coast station.. 20. An application for a coast station licence shall be in writing and contain the following particulars:— ("a") Name of station; ("b") Latitude and longitude; ("c") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("d") Normal range in nautical miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("e") System of wireless telegraphy to be used, with characteristics of the system of emission; ("f") Type of aerial; ("g") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("h") Nature of services performed; ("i") Hours of service; and ("j") Coast station charge. Ship station.. 21. An application for a ship station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The port in Australia at which the ship is registered; ("c") Route or service in which engaged; ("d") Number of normal crew carried; ("e") Number of passengers as per passenger certificate; ("f") Number of operators and watchers; ("g") Hours of service; ("h") Gross tonnage; ("i") The system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship; ("j") Normal range of signalling in nautical miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("k") Description of transmitting apparatus including spark frequency and type of discharger; ("l") Description of receiving apparatus; ("m") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("n") Source of and maximum power; ("o") Maximum power taken by transmitting apparatus in amperes and volts; ("p") If alternator is used, number of cycles per second; ("q") Particulars of emergency apparatus showing primary power in volts and amperes and source of energy (capacity of storage battery to be stated if employed); and ("r") Ship station charge. Land station.. 22. An application for a land station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The locality of the station in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The name of the owner of the property on which the station is situated, and whether the applicant is owner or lessee; ("c") A description of the system of wireless telegraphy to be used (transmitter and receiver), including source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("d") Type of aerial; ("e") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("f") Source of and maximum power; ("g") Maximum power taken by transmitter; ("h") Name of station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("i") Normal range of signalling (in miles)—("a") by day, ("b") by night; and ("j") Charges for service. Broadcasting station.. 23. An application for a broadcasting station licence shall be made as provided in regulation 29 of these Regulations. Experimental station.. 24. An application for an experimental licence shall be in writing, and set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name in full, age, address, technical training or qualifications, present occupation, nationality, and parents’ nationality; ("b") If the applicant is under 21 years of age the application shall be countersigned by a parent, guardian, or other approved person; ("c") The scientific, technical, practical, or other grounds upon which it is desired to obtain a licence; ("d") Complete diagram of connexions and description of the apparatus it is intended to use; and ("e") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Portable station.. 25. An application for a portable station shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") The purposes for which the proposed station is to be utilized; ("c") The area within which it is proposed to transport and operate the station; ("d") The station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("e") Complete description (with diagram of connexions) of the apparatus to be utilized in the proposed station; and ("f") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Aircraft station.. 26. An application for an aircraft station licence shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") Route of service on which aircraft is engaged; ("c") Description of system of wireless telegraphy to be utilized; ("d") Normal range of signalling in miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("e") Wave-length of transmitter; ("f") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("g") Station with which it is desired to communicate; and ("h") A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Further particulars to be supplied if required.. 27. Before granting any licence the Minister or an authorized officer may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Part IV.—Broadcasting.. Effect of other parts of Regulations.. 28. Except where any inconsistency exists nothing in this Part shall affect the generality of the provisions of the other Parts of these Regulations. Application for licence.. 29. An application for a broadcasting station licence shall be in writing and shall contain the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") Technical qualifications of applicant or the persons who, it is proposed, will operate the licensed installation. (Where the applicant does not possess the necessary qualifications and proposes to engage an expert to control the station after the issue of the licence, this should be stated); ("c") Registered title of the company on behalf of which application is made or, in the case of an application from a private individual, particulars of financial stability; ("d") Location of proposed station; ("e") Type of transmitter and character of modulation proposed; ("f") Maximum power of transmitter (in high frequency generator circuit); ("g") Type of aerial and natural wave-length; ("h") Wave-length desired for broadcasting; ("i") Hours of service; ("j") Class of service to be broadcasted; and ("k") Circuit diagram of transmitter and receiver. Broadcasting station licence.. 30. (1) A broadcasting station licence in accordance with Form 4 in the Schedule to these Regulations, may be granted in respect of a station operated for the purpose of transmitting to broadcasting (receiving) licensees. (2) The licence shall be prepared in duplicate, one copy to be retained by the Department and the other to be issued to the licensee and to be available for inspection by authorized officers. (3) The licence shall not be transferable, nor the location of a licensed station changed without the approval of the Minister. Period of licence and licence fees.. 31. (1) A broadcasting station licence shall continue in force for a period of five years from the date of granting and shall be renewable annually thereafter. (2) The fee payable for such a licence shall be Fifteen pounds per annum payable in advance. Persons eligible for licences.. 32. (1) A broadcasting station licence may be granted only to an applicant who produces evidence to the satisfaction of the Minister, of financial and technical capability to provide and maintain a reliable broadcasting service. (2) A licensee shall within one month after the issue of the licence give an undertaking, supported by a financial guarantee of £1,000 approved by the Minister, to commence the broadcasting service within six months, or such extended time, not exceeding six months, as the Minister may decide, after the date of the issue of the licence and to maintain the service to the satisfaction of the Minister for a period of five years. (3) If the licence be renewed at the termination of that period a similar undertaking and a similar guarantee shall be required in respect of the period covered by the renewal. Operation of station, and power to be used.. 33. (1) The broadcasting station shall be operated at the power and wave-length shown in the licence, subject to such alterations as the Minister directs, or the Minister or an authorized officer permits. (2) The power shall be rated in watts measured in the high frequency generator circuit of the transmitting apparatus. (3) The licensee may apply for the use of any power between 500 and 5,000 watts, which shall be fixed at the Minister’s discretion. (4) The power rating and the circuit arrangements indicated in the licence shall not be altered without the permission of the Minister or an authorized officer. Transmitting apparatus.. 34. (1) The transmitting apparatus shall be equipped with a tuned circuit coupled to the aerial and shall be so designed as to maintain reasonably constant radiation during periods of operation and shall be as free as possible from injurious harmonics. (2) It shall be controlled in such a manner as to minimize the risk of interference with other stations. (3) A maximum variation of one per centum above or below the licensed wave-length shall be permitted. (4) Provision shall be made at the station for a wave-length indicating instrument or the equivalent to be available. Wave-length to be used.. 35. (1) Each licence shall be issued for the use of a particular wave-length selected from bands available for broadcasting between 250 and 3,500 metres. (2) The Minister shall determine the wave-length to be used, and the wave-length shall not be altered except by direction of the Minister, or except with the permission of the Minister or an authorized officer. (3) The Minister shall determine the number of wave-lengths to be used at any centre. (4) When the number of approved applications exceeds the number of approved wave-lengths available for a particular centre, the matter shall be determined by ballot at the discretion of the Minister as between the parties affected. Hours of broadcasting.. 36. The Minister reserves the right to curtail the hours of broadcasting at any time if found advisable in the public interest. Items to be included in programme.. 37. (1) The licensee shall include in the programme to be broadcasted such items of general interest, and shall broadcast them in such manner, as the Minister stipulates from time to time. (2) The volume of stipulated items shall not be such as to entail a period of occupation of the broadcasting station in excess of 30 minutes in each consecutive period of 12 hours. (3) All matter broadcasted shall be subject to such censorship as the Minister determines. Certificated operator.. 38. The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator who shall sign a declaration of secrecy of wireless communications. Receiving apparatus not to cause aerial to oscillate.. 39. The licensed installation shall include receiving apparatus of a type which will not cause the aerial to oscillate. Re-broadcasting. 40. Re-broadcasting shall only be permitted with the consent of the licensee of the original broadcasting station, and then only on such conditions as are determined by the Minister or an authorized officer. Inspection of licensed installation.. 41. The licensed installation shall be open at all reasonable times to inspection by authorized officers, and every reasonable facility shall be given for ascertaining the condition of the station and whether these Regulations are being complied with. Broadcasting station to have telephone installed.. 42. (1) The broadcasting station shall be connected by telephone with the public telephone exchange system of the centre in which the broadcasting station is located. (2) The broadcasting station licensee shall enter into the usual telephone subscribers’ agreement for the establishment of the service. Licensees issuing broadcasting receiving licence.. 43. Any licensee of a broadcasting station who is authorized to issue broadcasting receiving licences shall execute the provisions of these Regulations relating thereto. Broadcasting (receiving) licences.. 44. (1) A broadcasting (receiving) licence in accordance with Form 5 in the Schedule to these Regulations may be issued to any person on payment of the annual licence fee of 10s., together with the annual subscription payable to the broadcasting station licensee. (2) Broadcasting (receiving) licences shall be prepared in triplicate and shall be numbered consecutively. (3) The Department may supply books of forms to broadcasting station licensees, who shall be responsible for the issue of the licences and the collection of the licence fees, and any amounts payable in respect of the issue of the licences shall be recoverable from the broadcasting station licensee as a debt due to the Crown. (4) A broadcasting station licensee or any agent or employee of the licensee shall issue the original copies of the licences to the licensees, retain the triplicate copies, and once a month forward the duplicate copies, together with the licence fees, to the Department. Term of licence.. 45. (1) The broadcasting (receiving) licence will be issued for one year, and shall be renewable, on payment of the annual licence fee, from the first day of the month in the year of renewal corresponding to the month in which the licence was issued. (2) The licence shall not be transferable. (3) A broadcasting (receiving) licensee shall not transfer, or otherwise dispose of, the licensed installation to any person other than a person holding a broadcasting (receiving) licence. Receiving apparatus.. 46. (1) The receiving apparatus which may be purchased or hired for use by a broadcasting (receiving) licensee shall be of a type approved by the Minister or by an authorized officer. It shall bear a stamped indication of such approval in the following form:— (2) Approved broadcasting receivers shall be so constructed as to respond to the wave-length indicated on the stamped indication or to any wave-length not differing more than ten per centum from that specified. The receivers shall not respond to wave-lengths outside the specified limits. (3) No receiving apparatus shall contain a valve or valves so connected as to be capable of causing the aerial to oscillate. (4) For the purpose of approving any type of receiving apparatus the Minister or authorized officer shall not have regard to the method of construction of the apparatus but shall have regard only to reaction and the wavelength to which the receiver will respond without alteration. (5) All apparatus bearing the stamp referred to in sub-regulation (1) of regulation 46 of these Regulations shall bear a seal approved by the Minister. (6) No person, except an authorized officer, the maker, or an accredited agent shall break or interfere with the seal. (7) Where an authorized officer, the maker, or an accredited agent breaks or interferes with the seal, he shall re-affix it before returning the apparatus to the control of the licensee. Tests of receiving sets.. 47. (1) Tests of sets may be made by authorized officers for the production of oscillations in the aerial and for interference properties with a factor of safety, "i.e.," increasing the anode battery by about 30 per centum, changing valves or other essential parts of the apparatus, but not by altering any soldered connexions. (2) After approval of a type set the type shall be given a registered number and makers, accredited agents, or users (in case of sets made by the users) shall see that all sets comply with the appproved type before they are sold or used. (3) The unit or set approved as a pattern instrument for an approved type shall be retained by the maker or accredited agent without alteration. (4) No change in the design or circuit arrangements affecting wave-length and reaction characteristics of an approved type shall be made without the previous sanction of an authorized officer. Approval of Department not a guarantee of quality, &c.. 48. The approval of the Minister or an authorized officer does not carry any implied guarantee of quality, workmanship, or sensitivity of the apparatus, and shall not render the Minister or any authorized officer liable or responsible for any infringement of a patent for an invention by any licensee, or by any maker, vendor, purchaser or user of the apparatus. Sets to be marked.. 49. All sets other than those assembled by their users shall bear the stamped indication referred to in regulation 46 of these Regulations, together with the type, number and wave-length. Inspection of sets for sale.. 50. (1) An authorized officer shall have the right at any time to select any apparatus available for disposal or actually disposed of to a broadcasting (receiving) licensee to determine whether it be in conformity with the approved type. (2) In the case of sets which, as the result of tests, are found not to comply with the provisions of regulation 46 of these Regulations, the authorization of the future sale or hire of that class of set may be cancelled by the authorized officer; and any other similarly defective sets, which have been disposed of to licensees shall be modified at the vendor’s expense, to conform with these Regulations. (3) The vendor may appeal to the Minister, who may affirm or revoke the cancellation. (4) Similar sets hired out shall be withdrawn from service, until they are altered so as to conform with these Regulations. Aerials.. 51. No standard aerial is prescribed, but tests, made by the officers of the Department to determine conformity with regulation 46 of these Regulations, shall be made on an elevated aerial 100 feet long. Assembly of sets.. 52. (1) Licensees who propose assembling or who have assembled parts into receiving sets shall arrange their receivers in conformity with requirements of regulation 46 of these Regulations to the satisfaction of the Minister or an authorized officer. (2) The tuning elements of the receivers shall be assembled and enclosed in a box or case suitable for effective sealing. (3) The box or case containing the tuning elements shall be submitted to an authorized officer, who will ascertain by test whether regulation 46 of these Regulations is complied with. (4) A charge of 2s. 6d., payable in advance, shall be made for each test. (5) If the set complies with regulation 46 of these Regulations the box or case containing the tuning element shall then be sealed and returned to the licensee together with a certificate of such compliance. (6) A copy of the certificate shall be forwarded by the authorized officer to the broadcasting station licensee concerned. Licence to receive from more than one broadcasting station.. 53. (1) A licensee who desires to receive at the same address from more than one broadcasting station may have separate receivers, or may have his receiver altered so as to respond to the wave-length of the other station or stations. (2) The alterations to the receiving apparatus shall be made in conformity with the requirements of regulation 46 of these Regulations. (3) In case of any such multi wave-length reception the subscription to all the broadcasting stations concerned shall be paid to the respective broadcasting station licensees and the broadcasting receiving licence fee shall be £1 per annum, provided that the installations so licensed are operated at the same address. Removal of licences.. 54. (1) Where a broadcasting (receiving) licensee desires to remove the licensed installation to a new address which is not at a greater distance than twenty miles radially from the original address, permission shall be obtained from the broadcasting station licensee concerned for the operation of the licensed installation at the new address. (2) The broadcasting station licensee shall notify the Department monthly of all changes of address so authorized. (3) A temporary removal shall be dealt with in the manner indicated in sub-regulation (1) of this regulation but notification to the Department of the change of address is not required unless the period to be covered exceeds three months. (4) Removal of a licensed installation to any address at a distance greater than 20 miles radially shall not be made without the consent of the Minister or an authorized officer. Inspection by authorized officers, &c.. 55. All licensees shall permit authorized officers or approved employees of the broadcasting station licensee whose programmes they receive, thereto authorized by him, to inspect, at any reasonable time in the daytime, licensed installations and shall provide all reasonable means for such inspections. Installation not to be worked for profit.. 56. A broadcasting (receiving) licensee shall not operate his licensed installation, or permit it to be operated, for profit, without the consent of the broadcasting station licensee. Dealers’ licences.. 57. (1) The Minister may grant a dealer’s licence, in accordance with Form 6 in the Schedule to these Regulations, permitting any person, firm or company to sell or let on hire or otherwise dispose of complete broadcasting receivers or parts comprising the complete tuning element of those receivers. (2) A licence shall be granted in respect of a particular address of the licensee and shall not be exercised in respect of any other address without the consent of the Minister or an authorized officer. (3) A licence is not transferable. (4) The licensee shall exhibit a notice on his premises as follows: Licensed Radio Dealer.” Fees.. 58. The fee for the granting or renewal of a licence referred to in the last preceding regulation shall be One pound payable in advance. Persons to whom broadcasting receiving sets may be sold.. 59. No person, firm or company shall sell or let on hire or otherwise dispose of any apparatus referred to in regulation 57 of these Regulations to any person unless he or it is satisfied that he holds a Broadcasting (Receiving) Licence or an Experimental Licence. Dealers to keep record of sales.. 60. Any person, firm or company who deals in the apparatus referred to in Regulation 57 of these Regulations shall keep a record of the sales, hirings and disposals of that apparatus and shall permit any employee of a broadcasting station licensee, thereto authorized in writing by the licensee, to inspect the record at any reasonable time. Part V.—Working of Stations.. Application of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 61. The provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of messages, or wireless communications whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and to all messages handled by those installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith. Type of installation on ship station.. 62. (1) In cases of ship stations there shall be a normal installation and an emergency installation, except that where the normal installation complies with the requirements of this regulation as to emergency installations as well as those as to normal installations a normal installation alone will suffice. Range of normal installation.. (2) A normal installation must be capable of transmitting clearly perceptible signals from ship to ship over a range of at least 100 nautical miles by day under normal conditions and circumstances. Range of emergency installation.. (3) An emergency installation must include an independent source of energy capable of being put into operation rapidly and of working for at least six continuous hours with a minimum range from ship to ship of 80 nautical miles for ships of Class I., as defined in Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations 1921 (being Statutory Rules 1921, No. 104 as amended from time to time), and 50 nautical miles for ships of Classes II. and III., as so defined, and the independent source of energy must be capable of being worked for at least six continuous hours independently from the source of propelling power for the ship, the steam supply system, and the main electricity supply system. Means of ascertaining compliance with this regulation.. (4) For the purposes of this regulation an installation shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of the last preceding sub-regulation as to range if it is able to maintain communication on a 600-metre wave at a range of one and a half times the number of nautical miles hereinbefore respectively prescribed over sea by day with a coast station when employing a receiver without amplification devices. Communications between ship and coast stations.. 63. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters and a coast station, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at the coast station shall be observed. Decrement and coupling.. 64. (1) The waves emitted by any station licensed in Australia must be as little damped as possible, and in no case shall the logarithmic decrement of a complete oscillation exceed two-tenths, except when sending distress signals or signals or messages relating thereto. (2) The coupling between the primary and secondary of the oscillation transformer shall not be closer than that which gives a difference of 5 per cent. between the mean wave-length and either of the two waves emitted by the coupled circuits. Receivers on ship stations.. 65. All vessels licensed under the Act, which are fitted with wireless telegraphy installations, and which trade in the territorial waters of the Commonwealth or adjacent islands under Commonwealth control, shall be equipped with tuned crystallite receivers or receivers of the thermionic valve type of such a character as to afford the greatest protection from interference during the reception of signals. Spare parts to be carried on ship stations.. 66. A reasonable number of such spare parts of both the main and emergency apparatus as are subject to undue wear or deterioration and one extra pair of head telephones, extra cords, extra detectors, battery-testing instruments, and distilled water shall always be available in ship stations. Availability of power for ship stations.. 67. Power for the operation of the main equipment shall be available on all vessels licensed in Australia during the periods a watch is maintained in accordance with Schedule 1 of the licence or the Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations (being Statutory Rules 1921, No. 104, as amended from time to time). Powers of master.. 68. (1) The master of a vessel shall have the right to censor all messages addressed to or transmitted by a station on board the vessel under his control, but the master shall not divulge to any person (other than the properly authorized officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to his knowledge through the exercise of the censorship, nor shall the master or any operator divulge to any person (other than the properly authorized officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message (other than a message of distress) coming to his knowledge and not intended for the said station. Secrecy of correspondence to be maintained.. (2) Any master or person employed on a ship having access to wireless messages shall make a statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Interference to be avoided.. 69. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters or in any station shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. Definition of Naval and Military signalling.. (2) In this regulation “Naval or Military signalling” includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Dominion Naval or Military Forces. (3) Prompt compliance with any instructions or standard code signal transmitted by Commercial or Defence stations indicating that all experimental transmitting stations must cease operating for a stated period shall be given by all licensees of experimental or portable stations. Superfluous signalling prohibited.. 70. (1) The transmission of superfluous signals by any station is absolutely prohibited; trials and practices are forbidden except under such circumstances as to preclude the possibility of interference with other stations. (2) No person shall transmit or make a signal containing profane words or language, or transmit improperly the call sign of another station or any signals not necessary for the conduct of experiments or traffic. Ship stations not to signal while moored.. 71. Except by permission of the Minister or persons authorized by him, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia: Provided that any ship anchored or moored in accordance with the provisions of the "Quarantine Act" 1908-1920 or any regulations thereunder may use wireless apparatus for the purpose of communication with a coast station when no alternative method of electrical communication is available. Powers of inspection.. 72. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister or the Controller may at all reasonable times enter upon any station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may examine or test the appliances and the working and user thereof. See also Regulation 87. Part VI.—Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies.. Powers of Defence Authorities.. 73. (1) In cases of emergency, of which the Minister shall be the sole judge, the Minister or any authorized officer or the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraph appliances installed on any station in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of the appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. (4) The Minister may, notwithstanding anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under these Regulations, by order published in the "Gazette," prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with His Majesty the King or the possessions thereof. (5) Any order under paragraph ("e") of sub-regulation (1) of this regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances. Use of apparatus on foreign ships.. 74. (1) The use of wireless telegraphy appliances on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General thinks fit to make. (2) If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Part VII.—Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers.. Ship and coast stations to have certificated operators.. 75. Every ship station and coast station in respect of which a licence is issued shall be operated by a person or persons holding a certificate of proficiency in accordance with the form in the Schedule, or certificates of proficiency issued after examination by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire. Conditions as to certificates.. 76. Certificates of proficiency shall be issued to candidates over eighteen years of age who have passed an examination which shall include the requirements of Article 10 of the Service Regulations appended to the International Radiotelegraphic Convention and the "Handbook for Wireless Telegraph Operators" issued by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Examinations for certificates.. 77. The certificates shall be of two classes, namely:— First Class Certificate.. ("a") First Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— (i) the adjustment of the apparatus and the working thereof; (ii) transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed which must not be less than twenty words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); and (iii) the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications; and Second Class Certificate.. ("b") Second Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— (i) the adjustment of the apparatus and the working thereof; (ii) transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed of twelve to nineteen words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); and (iii) the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications. Fees for examination and certificate.. 78. (1) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which the candidate is examined. (2) A certificate of proficiency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of the certificate, One pound for the second copy, and Two pounds for any subsequent copies: Provided that the Minister may authorize the issue of a duplicate or copy of a certificate without charge where it is shown that the original certificate has been lost or destroyed in circumstances over which the holder had no control. Re-examination of unsuccessful candidate.. 79. In case of failure a candidate shall not ordinarily be re-examined in any system until after the lapse of three months. Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend certificates.. 80. If a person to whom a certificate of proficiency has been issued by the Minister— ("a") is convicted of a criminal offence; or ("b") is, on account of incompetence, or for any other reason, considered by the Minister to be unsuitable to continue to hold the certificate, the Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend the certificate. Certificates issued by Prime Minister or Minister for Navy.. 81. Certificates of proficiency issued by the Prime Minister or the Minister for the Navy and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue in force as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Certificates to be exhibited in ship station.. 82. (1) The certificate of proficiency held by each operator shall be exhibited in the operating room in respect of stations at which he is serving, or shall be readily available for inspection by authorized officers. Watchers’ Proficiency Certificates.. 83. (1) Every person acting as a Wireless Telegraphy Watcher, in accordance with the provisions of section 231 of the "Navigation Act" 1912-1920, shall hold a certificate of proficiency as a Watcher in accordance with the form in the Schedule issued by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire, certifying that the holder is capable of receiving and understanding the Radiotelegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal, and has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch, to know, by means of a buzzer or other simple test, that it is in proper condition to receive signals. (2) A certificate of proficiency as a Watcher shall not be issued to any person under sixteen years of age. (3) A fee of Five shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which he is examined. Nationality of operators and watchers.. 84. (1) Except with the consent of the Defence Authorities, a certificate of proficiency in accordance with Form 11 or 12 in the Schedule to these Regulations shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural-born British subject or whose father was not a natural-born British subject at the date of that person’s birth, or whose mother was at any time a subject of a State with which His Majesty was at war during the war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (2) In case of urgency a special certificate may be granted to Watchers of other than British Nationality for one voyage only. Part VIII.—Miscellaneous.. 85. Nothing in these Regulations shall be construed as rendering the Minister liable or responsible for any infringement by a licensee in the exercise of his licence, of copyright in any work or of any patent for an invention, or for any breach of the law arising out of the exercise of the licence, and nothing in these Regulations shall affect the liability of the licensee in respect of any such act done by him. Use of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes.. 86. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the Defence Authorities of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes: Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister. Seizure of apparatus installed without licence.. 87. If a justice of the peace is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for supposing that a wireless telegraphy station has been established, or that any apparatus for wireless telegraphy has been installed or worked in any place or on board any ship within his jurisdiction, without a licence in that behalf, he may grant a search warrant to any police officer or officer appointed in that behalf by the Minister or authorized officer and named in the warrant, and a warrant so granted shall authorize the officer named therein to enter and inspect the station, place, or ship, and to seize any apparatus which appears to him to be used or intended to be used for wireless telegraphy therein. Detained appliances.. 88. (1) In this regulation “detained appliances” means an appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy which was taken into possession or control by or on behalf of the Commonwealth during the existence of the state of war which commenced on the fourth day of August, One thousand nine hundred and fourteen. (2) Any detailed appliance may be returned to a person who satisfies the Minister or any officer authorized by the Minister that he is entitled to delivery of the appliance. (3) Notification may be given in the "Gazette" or by registered post to the person from whom the detained appliance was received requiring him to attend at the place where the appliance is stored and to take delivery thereof within a time fixed by the notification. (4) If a person entitled to delivery fails to remove the appliance within the time specified in the notice, or if the Minister or the officer authorized by the Minister is satisfied that any person so attending is not entitled to delivery thereof, the appliance may be sold either by public auction or private contract at the owner’s risk. (5) The net proceeds of the sale, after deduction of all expenses of sales, may be paid to any person who satisfies the Minister that he is entitled to the net proceeds. Offences against Regulations.. 89. Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or fails to comply with any condition of a licence shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Penalty: Fifty pounds. Repeal.. 90. (1) The Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922 (being Statutory Rules 1922, No. 169), and the Telegraph (detained appliances) Regulations (being Statutory Rules 1921, No. 190) are hereby repealed. (2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1922, the rates in force by virtue of those Regulations immediately prior to the repeal shall, subject to any alteration made in pursuance of the agreement made on the 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth of Australia and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited, be the rates to be charged for messages transmitted or received by wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth, or between the Commonwealth and any Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth, or between any such Territories. THE SCHEDULE.. Form 1. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Coast Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                                 to erect a wireless coast station at                                                                                                   and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                       Expires 2. Name of station 3. Latitude and longitude 4. Call sign 5. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 6. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 7. System of radio telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 8. Type of serial 9. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined) 10. Nature of services performed 11. Hours of service 12. Charge per word for traffic Signature of Licensee Date Commonwealth of Australia. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Form 2. SHIP STATION LICENCE.. Dated                                           19  To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                                    the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Send Greeting. WHEREAS                                                                                                                       of                                                         in the State of                                                   (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using on the                              called                           belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the "Wireless Telegraphy Order" 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or instal or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship (whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: PROVIDED THAT a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: AND WHEREAS the ship in respect of which this licence is granted is registered in the Commonwealth: AND WHEREAS by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                                                                                             the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                               day of                          19        , and terminating on the                                    day of                          , 19      , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed installation”): Provided that— ("a") Each ship station shall be of such class mentioned in Article XIII. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 as is specified in the said schedule opposite to the name of such station; ("b") The installation installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("c") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("d") The transmitting installation used on the ship station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals; ("e") The licensed installation shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 and 600 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Minister or any authorized officer; ("f") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances be less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said ship station and coast stations and other ship stations: Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship station when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time, and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed installation, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. The expression “authorized officer” means any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Minister. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere with naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall when required in writing by the Minister or any authorized officer so to do, close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licensee to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the same are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or any authorized officer from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of installation.. 8. The licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Minister or any authorized officer, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Emergency installation.. 9. The installation shall include such emergency installation as may be required according to the class of the ship station under the provisions of Article XI. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Indemnity of Minister.. 10. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all actions, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 11. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 12. The Licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 13. The licensed installation at the said ship station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a certificate or certificates of proficiency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of proficiency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 14. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the licensed installation. The operator and other persons having access to the messages transmitted or received by the licensed installation shall make a declaration of the secrecy of wireless communications. Registers of messages to be kept.. 15. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or any authorized officer shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., on every day, except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 16. The Minister or any authorized officer may at all reasonable times enter upon the ship station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships.. 17. The Licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an appropriate officer of the Minister to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 18. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 19. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or any authorized officer, the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 20. (1) If and whenever an emergency shall have arisen in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed installation, or any part thereof, to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said Officer may seem fit, and in that event any person authorized by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any licensed installation is installed and take possession of the said installation and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid, instead of taking possession of the licensed installation as aforesaid, direct and authorize such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, either wholly or partly, and in such manner as he may direct, and such persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly, or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorized by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed installation, or any class or classes of such messages, to stop or delay the transmission of any messages, or deliver the same to him or his agent, and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe, and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of licence in certain events.. 21. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 22. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, &c.. 23. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or any authorized officer, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Particulars of Emergency Installation:— Other particulars:— SCHEDULE II.. Complete Scheme of Connexions authorized to be employed in the herein Licensed Station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. Form 3. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Land Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                              to erect a wireless land station at                                                                                                     and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                     Expires 2. Locality of station 3. Name of owner of the property on which station is situated 4. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 5. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 6. System of radio-telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 7. Type of aerial 8. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined) 9. Stations with which communication is permitted 10. Hours of service 11. Charges for service Signature of Licensee Date Form 4. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Broadcasting Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, (name)                (address)     are/is hereby licensed to erect a Broadcasting Station at                                                                   , and to operate the said station for a period of five years from the date hereof.’ The installation and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations and such amendments and additions thereto as are made from time to time. This licence is accepted by me under the conditions above set out. Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                                        Expires 2. Name of licensee 3. Location of station 4. Type of transmitter                                          power                         watts 5. Type of receiver 6. Operating wave-length                                               call sign 7. Circuit diagram of transmitter and receiver:— Form 5. No. Commonwealth of Australia. Date licence expires POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Broadcasting (Receiving) Station Licence. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                            to erect a Broadcasting (Receiving) Station at                                                                               , and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve months ending                                                                         . The installation and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, and any such amendments and additions thereto as are made from time to time. The payment by the Licensee is hereby acknowledged of the licence fee of Ten shillings and the subscription of                                                          to                                   Licensee of Broadcasting Station known as                                                                  . The Licensee hereby undertakes faithfully to observe all the requirements of the relative Regulations. The Licensee also agrees, in the event of this licence not being renewed, that the licensed installation will not be operated, nor will it be disposed of except in the manner provided for in the Regulations. By direction of the Postmaster-General, for                                    Broadcasting Station Licensee. Date Signature of Licensee Date Form 6. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Dealer’s Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to (name)                                                   (address)                                 to deal in wireless apparatus for a period of twelve calendar months from                                       . The sale, hire, or disposal of wireless apparatus by the Licensee shall be in accordance with the said Regulations, and any such amendments and additions thereto as are made from time to time. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date 1. No. of licence                                                        Expires 2. Location of dealer’s premises Signature of Licensee Date Form Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Experimental Licence (Transmitting and Receiving).. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                            to erect an Experimental Wireless Station at                                                                             , and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence.                                                       Expires 2. Name of Licensee 3. Location of station 4. Type of receiver 5. Type of transmitter                                          power                      watts 6. Operating wave-length                                             Call sign Signature of Licensee Date Form 8. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Experimental Licence (Receiving Only).. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                            to erect an Experimental Wireless Station at                                                                             and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                                        Expires 2. Name of Licensee 3. Location of station 4. Type of receiver Signature of Licensee Date Form 9. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Portable Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to  M                                                                                                                            to erect a Wireless Portable Station in accordance with particulars in the Schedule, and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                                        Expires 2. Area within which transport and operation of set is permitted 3. Stations with which communication is permitted 4. Description of the transmitting apparatus licensed 5. Description of the receiving apparatus licensed 6. Wave-length 7. Maximum energy permitted to be employed in transmitter Signature of Licensee Date Form 10. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Aircraft Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to M                                                                                                                            to erect a Wireless Aircraft Station on aircraft described as                                                              employed on                                                 service, and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No of licence                                                        Expires 2. Service or locality in which aircraft is employed 3. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 4. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 5. System of radio-telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 6. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined) 7. Charge per word for traffic 8. Stations with which communication is permitted 9. Nature of services performed Signature of Licensee Date Commonwealthof Australia. "Certificate No." Form 11. CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY. Granted by the Postmaster-General. First Class. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the International Radio-telegraphic Convention and the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Mr.                                                                                                  has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and has passed in— ("a") The adjustment of apparatus and knowledge of its working. ("b") Transmission and sound-reading at a speed of not less than twenty words a minute. ("c") Knowledge of the regulations applicable to the exchange of radio-telegraphic traffic. The candidate is proficient in the following systems:— It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a legal declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Certifying Officer— Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department. (Date). Signature of Holder— Date of Birth—                                                Place of Birth— N.B.—This Certificate may be indorsed, or withdrawn, at the discretion of the Minister, in case of misconduct or breach of the Regulations on the part of the holder. Unless so withdrawn, it will continue to be valid so long as the Regulations of the Radio-telegraphic Convention concluded in London in 1912 remain in force. Commonwealth of Australia.                           Form 12. CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY AS A WATCHER IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY. Granted by the Postmaster-General. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the "Navigation Act" 1912—1920, Mr.                                                                                                                   has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and— ("a") is capable of receiving and understanding the Radio-telegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal; ("b") has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch to know by means of a buzzer or other simple test that it is in proper condition to receive signals. It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Examining Officer— The holder of this Certificate is therefore authorized to perform the duties of a Watcher in Radio-telegraphy. for Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department. Date— Signature of Holder— Date of Birth— Place of Birth— Commonwealth of Australia.                          Form 13. STATUTORY DECLARATION REGARDING SECRECY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS.. (1) Here insert name, address, and occupation of person making the declaration. I, (1)                                                                                                                                      of                                                                                                                                                 in the State of                               , do solemnly and sincerely declare:— 1. That I will hold strictly secret all wireless telegraphic or telephonic or other communications that may pass through my hands, or come to my knowledge in— ("a") conducting experiments in wireless telegraphy or telephony, in accordance with Licence No.  granted to me; or ("b") the execution of the wireless telegraphic or telephonic duties intrusted to me. 2. That I will not directly or indirectly either divulge to any person (other than a properly-authorized official of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message or information coming to my knowledge by reason of the licensed installation. If employed as an operator at a station licensed to conduct commercial wireless traffic I will not give any information directly or indirectly respecting such messages or communications except to the persons for whom such messages or communications are intended or to any authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or authorized official of my employer. 3. That I will not transmit or cause to be transmitted by wireless telegraphy or telephony any message received by me for transmission, or deliver or cause to be delivered to any person any messages received by me by wireless telegraphy or telephony, unless the delivery of such message has been approved by the Minister for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 or by an officer duly authorized by him to approve thereof. And I make this solemn declaration by virtue of the "Statutory Declarations Act" 1911, conscientiously believing the statements contained therein to be true in every particular. (2) Signature of person making declaration. (3) Signature of person before whom the declaration is made. (4) Here insert title of person before whom the declaration is made. Declared at                                                       the                   day of                               192 Before me, Note.—Any person who wilfully makes a false statement in a statutory declaration is guilty of an indictable offence, and is liable to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for four years. N.B.—To be signed before a Justice of the Peace or a Commissioner for Declarations, and returned to the Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless, Postmaster-General’s Department, Melbourne. Form 14. ["Front of Card."] ["Inside of Card."]

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008. Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905 Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Federation. Sourced from the main page of this Wikibook: On 1 January 1901, when the Australian colonies and the province of South Australia joined together to form a new nation, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia gave federal governments power to make laws with respect to specifically defined areas (section 51). In particular, paragraph 51(v) explicitly identified "postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services". While there was no stated specific power in respect of the press, it was considered that such power fell within the scope of paragraph 51(i) "trade and commerce with other countries and among the states", among others. Post and Telegraph Act 1901. Sourced from the main page of this Wikibook: The generic powers under section 51(v) were enunciated in detail in the Post and Telegraph Act 1901, but the act only received royal assent 16 November 1901 and commenced 1 December 1901. The act delegated those powers to the newly established Postmaster-General's Department ("PMG"). This Act included two key definitions: (1) "Telegraphic" includes telephonic and (2) "Telegraph" or "telegraph line" means a wire or cable used for telegraphic or telephonic communication including any casing coating tube tunnel or pipe enclosing the same and any posts masts or piers supporting the same and any apparatus connected therewith or any apparatus for transmitting messages or other communications by means of electricity. The Act was silent in respect of the relatively new science of wireless telegraphy, which had not yet assumed commercial proportions but likely fell within the scope of "telegraphic". As wireless telegraphy began to display not only commercial but also defence promise, any possible uncertainty of interpretation was removed by a specific act the Wireless Telegraph Act 1905, which placed these powers under PMG. The possible uncertainty had in no way limited the PMG's interest and participation in the new technology before 1905. Fessenden's tentative initial experiments with wireless telephony would only commence in the following year, but it too clearly fell within scope of the both the Post and Telegraph Act 1901 and the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. Nevertheless, once wireless telephony began to shine bright on the commercial and defence horizons, this technology too was deemed to warrant explicit provision and some 14 years later, the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1919 simply amended the definition of wireless telegraphy to include wireless telephony. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. Sourced from the main page of this Wikibook: The United Kingdom enacted it Wireless Telegraphy Act in 1904 and it was considered within Australia that a similar approach should be taken. While it appeared clear that the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia placed responsibility for wireless telegraphy with the Commonwealth rather than the individual States and Territories, to remove any possible doubt, the Wireless Telegraphy Act of 1905 made this explicit. The Wireless Telegraphy Act, No. 8 of 1905 may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 and was assented to 18 October 1905. The initial Act was brief and to the point, being only a single page and even after almost 80 years of amendments, remained equally concise when finally repealed in 1983. The Act: A "Bill for an Act relating to Wireless Telegraphy" was first read in the House of Representatives on 18 August 1905. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/FRLI. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. Header. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. No. 8 of 1905. An Act relating to Wireless Telegraphy. Assented to 18th October, 1905. BE it enacted by the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:— 1. Short Title. 1. This Act may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. 2. Interpretation. 2. In this Act,— “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and any territory of the Commonwealth; “Wireless telegraphy” includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraphic messages by means of electricity without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. 3. Exemption of ships of war.. 3. This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King’s Navy. Exclusive privileges of Postmaster-General. 4. Postmaster-General exclusive privilege. 4. The Postmaster-General shall have the exclusive privilege of establishing, erecting, maintaining, and using stations and appliances for the purpose of— (a) transmitting messages by wireless telegraphy within Australia, and receiving messages so transmitted, and (b) transmitting messages by wireless telegraphy from Australia to any place or ship outside Australia, and (c) receiving in Australia messages transmitted by wireless telegraphy from any place or ship outside Australia. 5. Licences. 5. Licences to establish, erect, maintain, or use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Postmaster-General for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed. 6. Penalty for breach of Act. 6.1 All wireless under this act. 6.—(1.) Except as authorized by or under this Act, no person shall— (a) establish, erect, maintain, or use any station or appliance for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy; or (b) transmit or receive messages by wireless telegraphy. Penalty: Five hundred pounds, or imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding Five years. 6.2 Ships fitted with apparatus for wireless telegraphy. (2.) Sub-section (1) of this section shall not, except as prescribed extend to appliances maintained on any ship, arriving from any place beyond Australia, for the purpose of enabling messages to be transmitted from or received on that ship by means of wireless telegraphy; but all such appliances shall, while the ship is within Australia— (a) be subject to the control of the Postmaster-General; and (b) only be used by his authority or as authorized by the regulations. Penalty: Five hundred pounds. 7. Forfeiture of appliances unlawfully erected. 7. All appliances erected, maintained, or used in contravention of this Act or the regulations, for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy, shall be forfeited to the King for the use of the Commonwealth. 8. Search warrants for appliances unlawfully erected. 8.1 Grant of search warrant. 8.—(1.) If a justice of the peace is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for supposing that any appliance is established, erected, maintained, or used in contravention of this Act or the regulations, for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy he may grant a search warrant to any person. 8.2 Search warrant authority. (2.) A search warrant under this section shall authorize the person to whom it is addressed to break and enter any place or ship, where the appliance is or is supposed to be, either by day or by night, and to seize all appliances which appear to him to be used or intended to be used for transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy. 9. Proceedings in respect of offences. 9.1 Proceedings for offence. 9.—(1.) Proceedings for any offence against this Act may be instituted in any Court of Summary Jurisdiction, and any person proceeded against under this section may be dealt with summarily or may be committed for trial. 9.2 Penalty for offence. (2.) The Court in dealing summarily with any accused person under this section may, if he is found guilty of any offence against this Act, punish him by imprisonment with or without hard labour for any period not exceeding six months or by a penalty not exceeding Fifty pounds. 10. Regulations. 10. The Governor-General may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, prescribing all matters which by this Act are required or permitted to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to this Act.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1924L00101. Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1924. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1924 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1924 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1924 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1924L00101/FRLI. STATUTORY RULES.. 1924. No. 101. REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905-1919. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, to come into operation forthwith. Dated this 17th day of July, 1924. FORSTER, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s’ Command, Ll. ATKINSON, for the Postmaster-General. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Part I.—Preliminary.. Short title.. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations. Parts.. 2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:— Part I.—Preliminary. Part II.—Licences: Classes and Conditions. Part III.—Broadcasting. Division 1.—Broadcasting Stations. Division 2.—Broadcast Listeners’ Stations. Division 3.—Sale of Apparatus. Part IV.—Experimental Licences. Part V.—Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies. Part VI. —Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers. Past VII.—Miscellaneous. Definitions.. 3. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears— “Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; “Aircraft station” means a station on aircraft operated for the purpose of communicating with other authorized stations; “Australia” includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and of any Territory of the Commonwealth; “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “Authorized officer” means any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Minister; “Authorized station” means a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Broadcasting station” means a station on land for the purpose of broadcasting to licensed broadcast listeners’ stations; “Broadcast listeners’ station” means a station used solely for the reception of programmes from broadcasting stations; “Coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations; “Department” means the Postmaster-General’s Department; “Experimental station” means a station used solely for the purpose of instruction in, or research, or investigation into, wireless telegraphy; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Government message” means a message transmitted on behalf of the Government of the United Kingdom or the Government of the Commonwealth; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “International Telegraph Convention” means the International Convention of St. Petersburg dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and includes any modifications of the Convention made from time to time; “International Telegraph Regulations” means the service Regulations made under the International Telegraph Convention, and includes any modifications of those Regulations made from time to time; “Land station” means a station, not being a coast station, established on land for the purpose of communicating by means of wireless telegraphy with other stations; “Licensed installation” means an installation at a station in respect of which a licence is issued; “Licensee” means any person to whom a licence has been granted under these Regulations; “Military signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more sets of appliances for wireless telegraphy or telephony operated by or on behalf of the Military Forces of the Commonwealth of Australia, or between one such set of appliances and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station; “Minister” means the Minister for the time being administering the Act, and includes any Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being acting for or on behalf of the Minister; “Naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy or telephony between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and naval stations, or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a naval station and any other wireless telegraph or telephone station, whether on shore or on any ship; “Portable station” means a station in no fixed location capable of being removed from place to place and being operated in transit for the purpose of communication by wireless telegraphy with other authorized stations; “Postmaster-General” includes the Minister for the time being administering the Act, and any Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being acting for or on behalf of the Postmaster-General; “Ship station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Station” means a station for the transmission or receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Telegraph” means a wire or cable used for telegraphic or telephonic communication including any casing, coating, tube, tunnel or pipe enclosing the wire or cable, and any posts, masts or piers supporting the wire or cable, and any apparatus connected therewith, or any apparatus for transmitting messages or other communications by means of electricity; “Territorial waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any Territory of the Commonwealth and includes harbors; “The Chief Manager” means the Chief Manager, Telegraphs and Wireless, holding office under the "Commonwealth Public Service Act" 1922; “The Radiotelegraphic Convention” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time; “The Secretary” means the Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department; “Wireless Telegraphy” includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraphic or telephonic messages by means of electricity without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. Part II.—Licences: Classes and Conditions, Generally.. Classes, conditions, &c., of licences.. 4. (1) The following classes of licences may be granted and may be evidenced by instruments in accordance with the forms in the Schedule to these Regulations:— ("a") Coast station licences (Form 1); ("b") Ship station licences (Form 2); ("c") Land station licences (Form 3); ("d") Broadcasting station licences (Form 4); ("f") Broadcast listeners’ licences, temporary (Form 6); ("g") Dealers’ licences (Form 7); ("h") Experimental licences (Form 8); ("i") Portable station licences (Form 9); ("j") Aircraft station licences (Form 10); and ("k") Special licences; to be granted to any company or person for a class of station in respect of which none of the other licences mentioned in this regulation is appropriate. (2) Except with the consent of the Defence authorities, a licence (other than a broadcast listener’s licence or dealer’s licence) shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural-born or naturalized British subject. (3) A declaration of the secrecy of commercial, naval or military wireless communications shall be made in accordance with Form 15 in the Schedule to these Regulations by all persons having access to wireless communications or actually operating a licensed installation, except a broadcast listener’s installation. (4) Every licence shall be subject to the provisions of any regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as they are applicable to the licence, and those provisions shall be deemed to be incorporated in the licence. (5) A licensee shall at all times indemnify the Commonwealth of Australia and the Postmaster-General against all actions, claims and demands which may be brought or made by any person or firm in respect of any injury arising from any act of the licensee or his agents permitted by the licence. (6) Except with the consent in writing of the Postmaster-General or an authorized officer, a licensee shall not assign, sublet, or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or firm to participate in any of the benefits of the licence, powers, or authorities granted. (7) Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given or made by or for the Postmaster-General may be under the hand of the Secretary or other authorized officer of the Department being administered by the Postmaster-General, and may be served on a licensee by sending it by registered letter addressed to the licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the licensee, and in that case the time of service shall be deemed to mean the time when in the ordinary course of post it would have been delivered to the licensee at that place; and any notice to be given by a licensee may be served by sending it by registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth of Australia. (8) A licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Postmaster-General or an authorized officer, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the schedule to the licence. (9) Every licensed installation shall be available to the Minister of State for Defence in case of national emergency. (10) The issue of a licence by the Postmaster-General or an authorized officer under these Regulations shall not relieve the licensee of any responsibility for any infringement by the licensee of any patent for an invention. Period of licence.. 11. A licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof, and may be renewed from time to time, the renewal date being the last day of the month in the year of renewal corresponding to the month in which the licence was granted. Fees for licences.. 12. (1) The following fees shall be payable for each year or portion of a year during which any licence is in force:— ("a") for a coast station licence—One pound; ("b") for a ship station licence—One pound; ("c") for a land station licence—One pound; ("d") for a broadcasting station licence—the fee provided in Part III of these Regulations; ("e") for a broadcast listener’s licence—the fee provided in Part III. of these Regulations; ("f") for a dealer’s licence—the fee provided in Part III. of these Regulations; ("g") for an experimental licence—the fee provided in Part IV. of these Regulations; ("h") for a portable station licence—One pound; ("i") for an aircraft station licence—One pound; ("j") special licence—As fixed in each case. Provided that the Minister may grant any licence free of charge to Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited pursuant to the agreement made on the 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited. (2) The fees under this regulation shall be paid in advance. Conditions as to syntony.. 13. (1) Before any licence is granted, the applicant shall satisfy the Minister or an authorized officer that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence comply with the regulations for the time being in force governing syntony, wave-length, and prevention of interference. (2) The transmitting apparatus used on the licensed stations shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible, and the receiving apparatus used at licensed stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during reception of signals. Decrement and coupling.. 14. (1) The waves emitted by any station licensed in Australia must be as little damped as possible, and in no case shall the logarithmic decrement of a complete oscillation exceed two-tenths, except when sending distress signals or signals or messages relating thereto. (2) The coupling between the primary and secondary of the oscillation transformer shall not be closer than that which gives a difference of 5 per cent. between the mean wave-length and either of the two waves emitted by the coupled circuits. Superfluous signalling prohibited.. 15. (1) The transmission of superfluous signals by any station is absolutely prohibited; tests, trials and practices are forbidden except under such circumstances as to preclude the possibility of interference with other stations. (2) No person shall transmit or make a signal containing profane words or language, or transmit improperly the call sign of another station or any signals not necessary for the conduct of experiments or traffic. Powers of inspection.. 16. The Minister or any person authorized in writing by the Minister may at all reasonable times enter upon any station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may examine or test the appliances and the working and user thereof. Provision as to secrecy.. 17. Notwithstanding anything contained in any experimental licence granted prior to the making of these Regulations, neither the holder of any licence, other than a broadcast listener’s licence, nor any person acting on his behalf or by his permission shall divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the licensee or any such person by virtue of the licence. Licences to be in parts and to be exhibited.. 18. (1) Every licence (except a ship licence) shall be made out in duplicate. (2) A ship licence shall be in three parts: the duplicate and triplicate shall be issued to the licensee and the original retained in the Department. (3) The duplicate part of the licence shall be exhibited in the room where the licensed apparatus is installed. In the case of a portable station or aircraft station a card in accordance with Form 16 in the Schedule to these Regulations shall be carried. Renewal of licences.. 19. (1) A licence may be renewed by the issue of a fresh licence or by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum, stating the period for which it is renewed, signed by the Minister or an authorized officer. (2) The memorandum shall be written on each part of the licence, but in the case of the licensee’s part it shall be in the form of an official receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or an authorized officer, or by any person authorized to receive moneys on behalf of the Department. (3) The receipts shall be attached by the licensee to the part or parts of the licence in his possession. Revocation of licence.. 20. (1) The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the Act or with any condition of the licence or on any other ground specified in any such regulations. (2) The licensee shall not be entitled to any compensation by reason of any such revocation or determination. Further particulars to be supplied if required.. 21. Before granting any licence the Minister or an authorized officer may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Existing licences.. 22. Any licences (excepting Broadcasting Station Licences and Dealers’ Licences) granted under, or in force in pursuance of, the Regulations repealed by these Regulations shall be deemed to have been granted under, and shall be subject to, these Regulations and shall be renewable on the dates on which they would have been renewable if these Regulations had not been made. Application of the Radio-telegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 23. The provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention, and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of messages, or wireless communications whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and to all messages handled by those installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith. Coast station licence—application for.. 24. An application for a coast station licence shall be in writing and contain the following particulars:— ("a") Name of station; ("b") Latitude and longitude; ("c") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("d") Normal range in nautical miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("e") System of wireless telegraphy to be used, with characteristics of the system of emission; ("f") Type of aerial; ("g") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("h") Nature of services performed; ("i") Hours of service; and ("j") Coast station charge. Coast station licences.. 25. (1) A coast station licence may be granted in respect of a station situated in Australia, operated for the purpose of maintaining communication by wireless telegraphy with ship stations, land stations, or other coast stations. (2) The licensed installation shall be operated by an operator or operators holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency. (3) The licensee shall transmit messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (4) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. (5) The licensee or persons employed by him shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and other stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer those requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or by any other means in the power of the licensee. (6) The licensee shall keep the full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (7) Each of the messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (8) Government messages shall, in the registers, be distinguished from other messages. (9) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed; and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee, between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a Statutory or general holiday. (10) The licensee shall exhibit at the coast station established under his licence a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with other stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. (11) The certificate of proficiency issued to operators employed in the coast station shall be available for inspection by authorized officers. Ship station—application for.. 26. An application for a ship station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The port in Australia at which the ship is registered; ("c") Route or service in which engaged; ("d") Number of normal crew carried; ("e") Number of passengers as per passenger certificate; ("f") Number of operators and watchers; ("g") Hours of service; ("h") Gross tonnage; ("i") The system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship; ("j") Normal range of signalling in nautical miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("k") Description of transmitting apparatus including spark frequency and type of discharger; ("l") Description of receiving apparatus; ("m") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("n") Source of and maximum power; ("o") Maximum power taken by transmitting apparatus in amperes and volts; ("p") If alternator is used, number of cycles per second; ("q") Particulars of emergency apparatus showing primary power in volts and amperes and source of energy (capacity of storage battery in continuous ampere—hours to be stated if employed); and ("r") Ship station charge. Ship station licences.. 27. (1) A ship station licence shall be granted only in respect of a station on an Australian ship tor the purpose of communication with a coast station or other ship station. (2) Every ship station on an Australian ship shall be operated by a person or persons holding the prescribed certificate of proficiency. The certificate of proficiency shall be readily available for inspection by authorized officers. (3) The licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority, and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations, (4) The licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and other stations all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer those requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any other means in the power of the licensee. (5) The licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (6) Each of the messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (7) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half the rates charged to the ordinary public. (8) Government messages shall, in the registers, be distinguished from other messages. (9) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraphic Regulations, and the registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day, except Sunday or a statutory or general holiday. (10) The licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with coast and ship stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. Type of installation on ship station.. 28. In the case of a ship station there shall be a normal installation and an emergency installation, except that where the normal installation complies with the requirements of this regulation as to emergency installations as well as those as to normal installations a normal installation alone will suffice. Range of normal installation.. (2) A normal installation must be capable of transmitting clearly perceptible signals from ship to ship over a range of at least 100 nautical miles by day under normal conditions and circumstances. Range of emergency installation.. (3) An emergency installation must include an independent source of energy capable of being put into operation rapidly and of working for at least six continuous hours with a minimum range from ship to ship of 80 nautical miles for ships of Class I., as defined in Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations 1924 (being Statutory Rules 1924, No. 72 as amended from time to time), and 50 nautical miles for ships of Classes II. and III., as so defined, and the independent source of energy must be capable of being worked for at least six continuous hours independently from the source of propelling power for the ship, the steam supply system, and the main electricity supply system. Means of ascertaining compliance with this regulation.. (4) For the purposes of this regulation an installation shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of the last preceding sub-regulation as to range if it is able to maintain communication on a 600-metre wave at a range of one and a half times the number of nautical miles hereinbefore respectively prescribed over sea by day with a coast station when employing a receiver without amplification devices. Communications between ship and coast stations.. 29. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters and a coast station, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at the coast station shall be observed. Receivers on ship stations.. 30. All vessels licensed under the Act, which are fitted with wireless telegraphy installations, and which trade in the territorial waters of the Commonwealth or adjacent islands under Commonwealth control, shall be equipped with tuned crystallite receivers or receivers of the thermionic valve type of such a character as to afford the greatest protection from interference during the reception of signals. Spare parts to be carried on ship stations.. 31. A reasonable number of such spare parts of both the main and emergency apparatus as are subject to undue wear or deterioration and one extra pair of head telephones, extra cords, extra detectors, battery-testing instruments, and distilled water shall always be available in ship stations. Availability of power for ship stations.. 32. Power for the operation of the main equipment shall be available on all vessels licensed in Australia during the periods a watch is maintained in accordance with Schedule 1 of the licence or the Navigation (Wireless Telegraphy) Regulations 1924 (being Statutory Rules 1924, No. 72, as amended from time to time). Powers of master.. 33. (1) The master of a vessel may censor all messages addressed to or transmitted by a station on board the vessel under his control, but he shall not divulge to any person (other than the properly authorized officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to his knowledge through the exercise of the censorship, nor shall the master or any operator divulge to any person (other than the properly authorized officials of the Government or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message (other than a message of distress) corning to his knowledge and not intended for the said station. Secrecy of correspondence to be maintained.. (2) Any master or person employed on a ship having access to wireless messages shall make a statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Interference to be avoided.. 34. The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether Australian, British, or foreign) in territorial waters or in any station shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. Ship stations not to signal while moored.. 35. Except by permission of the Minister or persons authorized by him, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia: Provided that any ship anchored or moored in accordance with the provisions of the "Quarantine Act" 1908-1920 or any regulations thereunder may use wireless apparatus for the purpose of communication with a coast station when no alternative method of electrical communication is available. Land station—application for.. 36. An application for a land station licence shall be in writing, and contain the following particulars:— ("a") The locality of the station in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") The name of the owner of the property on which the station is situated, and whether the applicant is owner or lessee; ("c") A description of the system of wireless telegraphy to be used (transmitter and receiver), including source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; ("d") Type of aerial; ("e") Wave-lengths (in metres) of transmitter; ("f") Source of and maximum power; ("g") Maximum power taken by transmitter; ("h") Name of station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("i") Normal range of signalling (in miles)—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("j") Charges for service; and ("k") The telegraph or telephone communication now available. If none, the nearest telegraph or telephone office. Land station licences.. 37. (1) A land station licence may be granted in respect of a station for the purpose of communication between the land station and another land or coast station, or such station as is approved by the Minister. (2) The application shall indicate the stations with which it is desired to communicate, and communication with any other station will not be permitted except in cases of distress. (3) The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator or by a competent person who shall be approved by an authorized officer. (4) Unless specially authorized by the Minister the licensed installation shall not be utilized for conducting commercial traffic constituting competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph and telephone services. (5) The licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority, and that the order of transmission of other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (6) The licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation. (7) Each of such messages shall be accompanied in the registers by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or an authorized officer from time to time reasonably requires to be shown. (8) In respect of Government messages the licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. (9) Government messages shall, in the registers, be distinguished from other messages. (10) The licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written or printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and the registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or any authorized officer at the usual or principal place of business of the licensee between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. on every day except Sunday or a statutory or general holiday. (11) The licensee shall exhibit on the land station established under his licence a print or copy of the licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as are directed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the licensee to communicate with stations in accordance with the Radiotelegraphic Convention 1912. Broadcasting stations, broadcast listener’s, and dealer’s licences.. 38. A broadcasting station licence or broadcast listener’s licence or a dealer’s licence may be granted in accordance with the provisions of Part III. these Regulations. Experimental station licences.. 39. Experimental licences may be granted in accordance with the provisions of Part IV. of these Regulations. Portable station—application for.. 40. An application for a portable station licence shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") The purposes for which the proposed station is to be utilized; ("c") The area within which it is proposed to transport and operate the station; ("d") The station or stations with which it is desired to communicate; ("e") Complete description (with diagram of connexions) of the apparatus to be utilized in the proposed station; and ("f") Nationality of applicant. Portable station licences.. 41. (1) A portable station licence shall be granted only in special cases within, the discretion of the Minister or an authorized officer. (2) In no case will it be permissible to transact, by means of the station, business which constitutes competition with the Postmaster-General’s telegraph or telephone services or commercial wireless services. (3) In the ease of a transmitting station the licensee shall be a holder of an amateur operator’s certificate of proficiency, or the station shall be operated by a person certified by an authorized officer as being competent to operate the station efficiently. (4) The applicant shall state the station or stations he desires to communicate with, and, except in cases of distress, communication with no other station or stations will be permitted. Aircraft station—application for.. 42. (1) An application for an aircraft station licence shall be in writing, and shall set out the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") Route of service on which aircraft is engaged; ("c") Description of system of wireless telegraphy to be utilized; ("d") Normal range of signalling in miles—("a") by day, ("b") by night; ("e") Wave-length of transmitter; ("f") Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter; and ("g") Station with which it is desired to communicate. (2) A statutory declaration regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Aircraft station licences.. 43. (1) An aircraft station licence shall be issued in respect of a station installed on aircraft for purposes of communication with other authorized stations. (2) The station shall be operated by a competent person authorized by an authorized officer. (3) The applicant shall state the station or stations with which, normally, it is desired to communicate. Special licence.. 44. A special licence may be issued to any person or firm for a class of station in respect of which any other licence under these regulations is inappropriate. The conditions of the licence and the fees shall be determined by the Minister in each case. Part III.—Broadcasting.. Classes of Broadcasting Stations.. 45. There shall be two classes of Broadcasting Stations, namely:— ("a") Class A Stations, the licensees of which will, in accordance with the provisions of this Division, receive proportions of the available revenue; ("b") Class B Stations, the licensees of which shall not receive any portion of the available revenue. Number of licensees.. 48. Subject to the provisions of this Part, the maximum number of licensees to operate Class A Stations in each State respectively shall be— ("a") in New South Wales and Victoria, two; and ("b") in each of the other States, one. Power of Broadcasting Stations.. 47.—(1.) The power of the licensed installation at a Broadcasting Station shall be measured in the High Frequency Generator Circuit. (2.) In Class A Stations the power shall be as provided in the next two succeeding regulations. (3.) In Class B Stations the power shall be as arranged between the Postmaster-General and the licensee. Licensees in New South Wales and Victoria.. 48. In New South Wales and Victoria, one of the two existing licensees in each State shall operate at least one Class A Station with a power of not less than Five thousand watts, and the other at least one Class A Station with a power of not less than One thousand five hundred watts. Licenses in other States.. 49.—(1.) In Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia the licensee of a Class A Station shall operate at least one Class A Station with a power of not less than Five thousand watts. (2.) In Tasmania the licensee of a Class A Station shall operate at least one Class A Station with a power of not less than Three thousand watts. Applications for licences.. 50. An applicant for a Broadcasting Station Licence shall state in his application the following particulars:— ("a") Name and address of applicant; ("b") Technical qualifications of the applicant or of the persons who it is proposed will operate the licensed installation. (Where the applicant does not possess the necessary qualifications and proposes to engage an expert to control the station after the issue of the licence, this should be stated); ("c") Registered title of the Company on behalf of which the application is made, or, in the case of an application from a private individual particulars of financial stability; ("d") Location of the proposed station; ("e") Type of transmitter and character of modulation proposed; ("f") Proposed normal operating power of transmitter (in high frequency generator circuit); ("g") Type of aerial, and natural wave length; ("h)" Wave length desired for broadcasting; ("i") Hours of service; and ("j") Class of service to be broadcasted, and particulars of average programme. Licence to be prepared in duplicate, &c.. 51.—(1.) A Broadcasting Station Licence shall be prepared in duplicate, one copy to be retained by the Department and the other to be issued to the licensee, who shall make it available for inspection by authorized officers as and when required. (2.) The licence shall not be transferable, and the location of a Broadcasting Station shall not be changed, without the approval of the Postmaster-General. Period of Licence.. 52. A Broadcasting Station Licence shall continue in force for a period of Five years from the date of granting and shall be renewable annually thereafter. Undertaking by licensee.. 53.—(1.) The licensee of a Class A Station shall within one month after the issue of the licence, give an undertaking to commence a reliable broadcasting service in accordance with these Regulations within six months or such extended time not exceeding six months as the Postmaster-General may decide after the date of the issue of the licence and to maintain for a period of Five years a broadcasting service satisfactory to the Postmaster-General. (2.) The undertaking shall be supported by— ("a") a guarantee in the sum of £1,000 from a surety approved by the Postmaster-General; or ("b") the deposit by the licensee with the Postmaster-General of the sum of or securities to the value of, £1,000. (3) In the event of the licensee failing to comply with the conditions of his licence, or any of the provisions of these Regulations, the guarantor (iF any) shall be liable to pay to the Postmaster-General the whole of the sum guaranteed, or such portion thereof as the Postmaster-General thinks fit and the Postmaster-General may recover that sum or portion as a debt due to him by the guarantor, or if there is no guarantor the Postmaster-General may declare the amount or any portion of the amount deposited by the licensee to be forfeited. Transmitting apparatus.. 54.—("a") The transmitting apparatus installed at a Broadcasting Station shall be equipped with a tuned circuit coupled to the aerial, and shall be so designed as to maintain a reasonably constant carrier wave during periods of operation, and shall be as free as possible from injurious harmonics. ("b") It shall be controlled in such a manner as to minimize the risk of interference with other stations. ("c") A maximum variation of one per centum above or below the licensed wave length shall be permitted. ("d") Provision shall be made at the station for a wave length indicating instrument or the equivalent to be available. ("e") The normal power of the transmitting apparatus shall not be altered without the consent of the Postmaster-General. Wave length to be used.. 55.—("a") Each licence shall be issued for the use of a particular wave length selected from bands available for broadcasting between 250 and 2,000 metres. ("b") The Postmaster-General shall determine the wave length to be used, and the wave length shall not be altered except by direction or by permission of the Postmaster-General. Certificated operator to operate station.. 56. The licensed installation shall be operated by a certificated operator. Inspection of licensed installation.. 57. The licensed installation shall be open at all reasonable times to inspection by authorized officers, and every reasonable facility shall be given for ascertaining the conditions of the station and whether these Regulations are being complied with. Station to have telephone installed.. 58. ("a") The Broadcasting Station shall be connected by telephone with the public telephone exchange system of the centre in which the Broadcasting Station is located. ("b") The Broadcasting Station Licensee shall enter into the usual telephone subscriber’s agreement for the establishment of a service. Items of general interest to be included in programme.. 59.—("a") In addition to such items of general interest as the Broadcasting Station Licensee includes in the programme, the Postmaster-General may require the Broadcasting Station Licensee to include in the programme any such further items of general interest or utility as the Postmaster-General deems desirable from time to time. ("b") The volume of such additional items as are deemed desirable by the Postmaster-General shall be such as not to entail a period of occupation of the Broadcasting Station in excess of 30 minutes in each consecutive period of twelve hours. ("c") All matter broadcasted shall be subject to such censorship as the Postmaster-General determines. Broadcasting of advertisements.. 60.—(1.) Licensees of Class A Stations and such Class B Stations as the Postmaster-General approves may broadcast advertisements. (2.) The licensee of any station who is empowered and desires to broadcast advertisements shall publish a tariff of advertising charges and shall not, without the approval of the Postmaster-General, refuse to broadcast any advertisement. (3.) The broadcasting of advertisements from Class A Stations shall be confined to periods not exceeding five minutes in duration, and not exceeding, in the aggregate, thirty minutes in any regular programme, or sixty minutes in any twelve consecutive hours. (4.) The licensee of a Class A Station shall, at the commencement of each period during which advertisements are to be broadcasted, make a broadcast announcement of that fact, and at the conclusion of the period shall make a broadcast announcement that the regular programme is to be resumed. (5.) The licensee of a Class A Station shall not, without the specific consent of the Postmaster-General, make any suggestion of advertisement in the regular programme or in the broadcast announcement thereof. Rebroadcasting.. 61. The licensee of any Broadcasting Station may, to such extent as the Postmaster-General approves, by agreement with the licensees of other stations, relay or broadcast the programmes broadcast by those stations. Payment of available revenue to licensees.. 62.—(1.) Subject to the Postmaster-General being satisfied with the service provided by the licensee, and subject to the licensee complying with the provisions of these Regulations, and subject to the provisions of this Division, a licensee of a Class A Station shall be entitled to receive the following proportion of the available revenue obtained in the State in which his station is located, namely:— ("a") the existing licensee of the high power station in New South Wales or Victoria—seventy per centum of the available revenue; ("b") the other licensee in New South Wales or Victoria—thirty per centum of the available revenue; and ("c") a licensee in any of the other States—the whole of the available revenue. (2.) If the proportions in which the available revenue is payable in New South Wales and Victoria are not acceptable to any licensee entitled thereto, the proportions of the available revenue so payable may be settled by Arbitration. (3) If the licensees affected fail to agree as to the Arbitrator by whom the proportions are to be determined, the Postmaster-General may appoint the Arbitrator and the proportions determined by the Arbitrator shall be the proportions payable to the licensees respectively. (4.) The apportionment of the available revenue to any licensee shall be based on the periods for which services provided by the licensee to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General are available to the public, (5). The available revenue shall be payable quarterly on dates to be determined by the Postmaster-General. Adjustment in certain cases of amount of available revenue payable.. 63. In the event of— ("a") the termination of a licence; or ("b") the cancellation of any portion of the rights reserved under a licence; or ("c") the temporary cessation of the broadcasting of programmes, the Postmaster-General may adjust the amount of available revenue payable to the licensee to such extent and in such manner as he thinks warranted by the circumstances, and the licensee shall be liable to refund such portion of the available revenue received by him as is necessary to give effect to the adjustment, and the Postmaster-General may recover from the licensee the amount to be refunded as if it were a debt due from the licensee to the Postmaster-General. Power to withhold available revenue in certain cases.. 64. The Postmaster-General may allocate or withhold revenue as he thinks advisable in respect of services rendered by a station with less power than that provided in regulation 48 or 49 of these Regulations. Disposal of available revenue where no licence granted.. 65. In the event of an application not being received in respect of any particular licence for a Class A Station, or of the licence not being granted, or of the licence being terminated, the available revenue which would, but for the application not being received or the licence not being granted or the licence being terminated, have been payable to, the licensee of the station, shall be disposed of by the Postmaster-General as he thinks advisable. Additional Class A Stations.. 66.—(1.) Where in the opinion of the Postmaster-General additional Class A Stations (including stations for the purpose of relaying or rebroadcasting programmes) are warranted in any locality by reason of the public demand therefor, the Class A licensees in the State in which the locality is situated shall establish and operate the necessary additional stations. (2.) If the licensees fail to establish and operate the necessary additional stations within such time as the Postmaster-General thinks reasonable, the Postmaster-General may grant licences to other persons and allot to them such proportion of the available revenue as he thinks fit. 67. For the purposes of this Division “the available revenue” means the balance of the fees collected by the Department under these Regulations in respect of Broadcast Listeners’ Licences, Dealers’ Licences and Experimental Licences after deducting from each licence the following amounts respectively:— Free receiving licences.. 68. The Postmaster-General may issue free of charge such number of Broadcast Listeners’ Licences as he considers desirable in the public interest. Alteration of Regulations.. 69. ("a") Subject to the continuance of a broadcasting service to the satisfaction the Postmaster-General, these Regulatons, so far as they relate to the number of Class A Station licensees, and the amount of available revenue apportioned to the Broadcasting Licensee, shall not be altered within a period of two years from the date of their commencement, but at the end of that period the Postmaster-General reserves the right to review them in the light of the conditions prevailing at that time and make such alterations as he deems warranted. ("b") In default at any time of the provision of service satisfactory to the Postmaster-General he may cancel the licence or any portion of the rights reserved thereunder. Accounts of broadcasting service.. 70.—(1.) Each licensee of a Class A Station shall keep distinct accounts in respect of the provision and upkeep of the broadcasting service maintained by him whether or not this business is additional to any other activity undertaken by the licensee. (2.) The Broadcasting Account shall be credited with any revenue raised from advertising or other sources, including such sums for advertisements broadcasted by the licensee in his own behalf as would be payable in accordance with the published tariff. Audit of accounts.. 71. The accounts of each Broadcasting Licensee, kept in pursuance of the list preceding regulation, shall be subject to examination and audit by the Department when considered necessary. Licence-fees.. 72. The licence-fee in respect of the first Class A Station to be operated by a licensee shall, be £15 per annum, and for any subsequent station operated by that licensee in the same State shall be £5 per annum, and for each licence for a Class B Station £5 per annum, and shall be paid annually in advance. Indemnity against claims for royalties.. 73. Each Broadcasting Licensee shall at all times keep the Postmaster-General indemnified against any claim for royalties in respect of any equipment operated under any licence granted by the Postmaster-General, or against any claims whatsoever arising out of the licensee’s operations. Transmission of copyrighted works.. 74. It shall be a condition of the granting of any Broadcasting Licence that the licensee shall not— ("a") transmit any work or part of a work in which copyright subsists except with the consent of the owner of the copyright; or ("b") send out news or information of any kind published in any newspaper or obtained, collected, collated or co-ordinated by any newspaper, or association of newspapers or any news agency or service except with the full consent in writing, first obtained, of, and upon such payment and conditions as are mutually agreed upon by the licensee and the newspaper, association of newspapers, news agency or service. Publication of broadcasted programme.. 75. No person shall publish any portion of a broadcasted programme without the consent of the Broadcasting Station Licensee and the approval of the Postmaster-General. Transmission of messages.. 76. A Broadcasting Station Licensee shall not, without the express permission of the Postmaster-General, transmit any message or other communication, the transmission of which would be in contravention of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1923 if the licensed installation were a telegraph within the meaning of that Act. Existing licences.. 77. In lieu of any Broadcasting Station Licence granted under the regulations repealed by these Regulations the Postmaster-General may issue a licence in accordance with Form 4 in the Schedule to these Regulations. Effect of other Parts of Regulations.. 78. Except where any inconsistency exists nothing in this Part shall affect the generality of the provisions of the other Parts of these Regulations. Decision of Postmaster-General final.. 79. The decision of the Postmaster-General with regard to the interpretation or application of any of the provisions of this Division shall be final. Issue of licence.. 80. A Broadcast Listeners’ Licence in accordance with Form 5 shown in the Schedule may be issued on the conditions set out in these Regulations, upon application being made at any official post office and payment of the licence-fee. Licence not transferable.. 81. The licence shall not be transferable. User of equipment to hold licence.. 82. The user of receiving equipment shall be in possession of a current licence. Zones.. 83.—(1.) For the purpose of the granting of Broadcast Listeners’ Licences and the payment of fees therefor, each State shall be divided into three zones, as follows:— ("a") In Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia— (i) Zone 1 shall include the territory between the coastline approximately 250 miles north of Brisbane, and 250 miles west of Adelaide, and a line running about 250 miles from the coast, with such local variations as it is expedient to introduce; (ii) Zone 2 shall include the contiguous territory reaching about 150 miles further beyond Zone 1; and (iii) Zone 3 shall comprise the remaining territory in those States; and ("b") In Western Australia and Tasmania— (i) Zone 1 shall comprise the territory of the State embraced by a circle of approximately 250 miles radius drawn from the centre of the town or city in which the station is erected; (ii) Zone 2 shall be between the 250 mile circle and another concentric circle of approximately 400 miles radius; and (iii) Zone 3 shall include the rest of the State outside the 400 mile boundary. (2.) The Postmaster-General may determine the Zone within which any Broadcast Listener’s Station is situated. (3.) The Postmaster-General may modify the Zone boundaries as specified approximately in sub-regulation (1.) of this regulation, or to establish additional zones when, in his opinion, the circumstances warrant such a course. Classes of licences and fees.. 84.—(1.) The classes of licences and fees payable therefor shall be as follows:— (2.) For the purposes of this regulation—“First year” means the period of one year following the date of issue of these Regulations, and “Second year” means the period of one year immediately following the first year. (3.) An Ordinary Licence shall be granted for a residence or place where the licensee operates the receiver for his own purposes and not for financial gain either direct or indirect. (4.) A Special Licence shall be granted for use in hotels, restaurants, places of amusement or other places where the reception of the broadcast programme is intended for a number of people. (5.) A Temporary Licence (Form 6) shall be granted for the temporary use of a Special Licence as at show grounds, exhibitions, or as the case may be. (6.) The decision of the Postmaster-General regarding the class of licence which is proper for any specific purpose shall be final. Renewal of licences.. 85. Ordinary and Special Licences will be renewed annually on request and subject to the licensee complying with the conditions of these Regulations. The renewal fee will be due at the end of the month corresponding with the month of issue in the previous year and may be paid at any official post office. Inspection of licences.. 86.—(1.) The licence shall at all reasonable times be available at the address given therein for inspection by an officer of the Department. (2.) The use of receiving equipment at a place other than that specified in the licence is not permissible excepting with the consent of the Postmaster General or his representative. Change of address.. 87. The holder of a licence shall notify the Department of any change of address within two weeks of the change. Secrecy of wireless communications. 88. All broadcast listeners shall sign an undertaking to respect the secrecy of commercial and defence wireless communications, and must not divulge the contents of those communications except to an authorized officer or a legal tribunal. Use of reaction.. 89.—(1.) The use of reaction (back coupling) in receivers will be permitted on condition that it is used with care so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers (2.) Any licensee using reaction in such a manner as to cause interference to the reception at any other station will be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Existing licences.. 90. A Broadcasting (Receiving) Licence granted under the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations repealed by these Regulations shall be valid for the period mentioned in the licence. At the end of that period the holder shall, if he desires to continue to use his receiving equipment, take out a Broadcast Listener’s Licence. Offences. 91. Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or fails to comply with any condition of a licence shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Penalty: Twenty pounds. Vendors of equipment to be licensed.. 92. No person or firm shall manufacture, sell, let on hire, or otherwise dispose of equipment for use as broadcast receivers, or for use in those receivers, until he has been granted a Dealer’s Licence: Provided that a private person may dispose of a receiver or receiving equipment if advice of the disposal is sent within one month to the Department. Dealer’s licence.. 93. The Postmaster-General may grant a Dealer’s Licence in accordance with Form 7 in the Schedule to these Regulations. Licence not transferable.. 94. A licence shall not be transferable except with the consent of the Postmaster-General. Licence to be in respect of particular address.. 95. The licence shall be in respect of a particular address and shall not, without the consent of the Postmaster-General, be exercised in respect of any other address. Licence-fees.. 96.—(1) The licence-fee shall be £5 for Zone 1; £3 for Zone 2; and £2 for Zone 3; and shall be payable annually in advance. (2) Any reference in this regulation to a zone shall be deemed to be a reference to a zone as defined in regulation 83 of these Regulations. Exhibition of licence.. 97. The licensee shall exhibit his copy of the licence and shall display prominently any notices concerning regulations for the information of purchasers which the Postmaster-General sends to the licensee for that purpose. He shall also exhibit on his premises, for external observation, the words “Licensed Radio Dealer.” Permission to operate receiving equipment.. 98. A Dealer’s Licence shall include permission to operate, for the purpose of demonstrating the working of receivers, but not for any other purpose of financial gain, receiving equipment for the reception of broadcast programmes. Permission to operate transmitting set.. 99.—(1.) A licensed dealer may be granted permission to use a transmitting set for the sole purpose of testing or demonstrating equipment on a limited power and wave length. (2.) The power (measured in the High Frequency Generator Circuit) to be used shall not exceed 10 watts except in any special case where reasons, to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General, are advanced. Undertaking as to secrecy.. 100. All licensed dealers shall sign an undertaking to respect the secrecy of commercial and defence wireless communications, and shall not divulge the contents of those communications except to an authorized officer or a legal tribunal. Use of reaction.. 101. (1) The use of reaction (back coupling) in receivers will be permitted on condition that it is used with care so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers. Any licensee using reaction in such a manner as to cause interference to the reception at any other station shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Transmission of messages.. 102. A dealer shall not, without the express permission of the Postmaster-General, transmit any message or other communication, the transmission of which would be in contravention of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1923 if the licensed installation were a telegraph within the meaning of that Act. 103. Dealers’ Licences issued under the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations repealed by these Regulations shall be valid for the period mentioned in the licence on payment "pro rata" of the difference in fees for a Dealer’s Licence under these Regulations. Offences.. 104. Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or fails to comply with any condition of a licence shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Penalty: Twenty pounds. Part iv.—Experimental Licences.. Experimental licences.. 105. Experimental Licences (Form 8) may be issued to qualified persons for the purpose of research and for instruction in schools or teaching institutions. Applications for licences.. 106. An application for an Experimental Licence shall be in writing, and shall contain the following particulars:— ("a") Name in full, address, age, technical training or qualification and present occupation; ("b") the scientific, technical, practical or other grounds upon which it is desired to obtain a licence; ("c") the nature of the investigation or research it is intended to carry out; and ("d") a statutory declaration or undertaking regarding the secrecy of wireless communications. Qualifications of applicant.. 107.—(1.) An applicant for an Experimental Licence shall satisfy the Postmaster-General that he possesses sufficient knowledge to undertake research investigations. (2.) He shall state in his application the qualifications he possesses and the nature of the investigations he intends to carry out. Examination of applicant.. 108.—(1.) Except where exemption is granted by the Postmaster-General, an applicant for an Experimental Licence shall be examined by an authorized officer regarding his qualifications. (2.) A fee of 2s. 6d. shall be charged for each examination. Applications by minors.. 109. If an applicant is under 21 years of age the application shall be countersigned by a parent, guardian, or other approved person, who shall be responsible for the observance of the conditions of the licence. Undertaking as to secrecy.. 110. Experimental Licensees shall sign an undertaking to respect the secrecy of commercial and defence wireless communications. Log book.. 111.—(1) Experimental licensees may be required to: keep a log book containing a chronological record of the investigations carried out. (2.) The log book to be available for examination at all reasonable times by an authorized officer. Failure to carry out research, &c.. 112. If it is found by examination of the log book or by other means that no proper research or instruction is being carried out, the licensee may be required, to take out a Broadcast Listener’s Licence. Fees.. 113.—(1.) The fee for an Experimental Licence shall be 20s. for Zone 1, 17s 6d. for Zone 2, and 15s. for Zone 3. (2.) Any reference in this regulation to a zone shall be deemed to be a zone as defined in regulation 83 of these Regulations. Use of reaction.. 114.—(1.) Experimental Licensees may use reaction (back coupling) in receivers, but every precaution shall be taken to prevent the interference with neighbouring stations that may be caused by re-radiation. (2.) Any experimenter who allows his receiver to energize his aerial to the extent that interference with neighbouring aerials is caused, shall be guilty of a breach of these Regulations. Licences to transmit.. 115. (1.) Experimental Licences, normally, are issued for receiving only (2.) Licensees who desire to transmit shall complete an application on the appropriate form. (3.) If permission to transmit is granted the Experimental Licence shall be so endorsed. Applicants desiring to transmit.. 116.—(1.) Applicants who desire to transmit shall be in possession of an amateur operator’s certificate of proficiency as provided in Part VII. of these Regulations. (2.) In cases of teaching institutions or radio firms the licensee shall undertake to have always in attendance during transmitting experiments and tests a person in possession of an amateur’s operator proficiency certificate unless exemption is specifically granted by the Postmaster-General. Power to be used in Experimental Transmitting Stations.. 117.—(1.) The power (measured in the High Frequency Generator Circuit) to be used in experimental transmitting stations shall not exceed 10 watts except in special cases where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Department that that power is insufficient. (2.) The wave length range of an experimental transmitting station shall be between 125 and 250 metres. The Postmaster-General may, where he deems it advisable, authorize the use of a wave length outside of the specified range. Limitation on use of experimental installation.. 118. The use of licensed experimental installations shall be restricted to investigations, research, or instructional purposes in wireless telegraphy or telephony. Manner of erection, &c., of apparatus.. 119.—(1.) All apparatus used or intended to be used by the licensee shall be so erected, fixed, placed, and used as not, either directly or by reason of the working or use thereof, to interfere with the efficient and convenient working of other stations, and in particular with the transmission or receipt of any messages between coast stations and ship stations. (2.) On no account shall a licensee call or transmit to any station other than a licensed experimental station. Transmission of messages.. 120. An experimental licensee shall not, without the express permission of the Postmaster-General, transmit any message or other communication, the transmission of which would be in contravention of the provisions of the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1923, if the licensed installation were a telegraph within the meaning of that Act. Temporary permits.. 121. The Postmaster-General may grant a temporary permit to an experimental licensee for the demonstration of wireless telegraphy or telephony in connexion with lectures, or entertainments where it is desired to assist the development or public appreciation of the art. Existing licences.. 122. An Experimental Licence granted under the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations repealed by these Regulations shall be valid for the period mentioned in the licence. At the end of that period the holder shall, if he desires to continue to use his licensed equipment— ("a") take out a Broadcast Listener’s Licence; or, ("b") secure an Experimental Licence under these Regulations. Offences.. 123. Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or fails to comply with any conditions of a licence shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Penalty: Twenty pounds. Part V.—Control of Communications and appliances in Emergencies.. Powers of Defence Authorities.. 124. (1) In cases of emergency, of which the Minister shall be the sole judge, the Minister or any authorized officer or the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraph appliances installed on any station in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of the appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of the appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this regulation. (4) The Minister may, notwithstanding anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under these Regulations, by order published in the "Gazette," prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with his Majesty the King or the possessions thereof. (5) Any order under paragraph ("e") of sub-regulation (1) of this regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances. Use of apparatus on foreign ships.. 125. (1) The use of wireless telegraphy appliances on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General thinks fit to make. 2. ("a") Foreign men-of-war and service aircraft accompanying them lying in any harbour shall obtain permission from the Senior Naval Officer at the Naval Port to use their Wireless Telegraphy or Telephony apparatus, stating system, wave-lengths and times of transmission proposed. ("b") Foreign men-of-war and service aircraft accompanying them lying in any harbour shall conform to the following provisions:— (i) Transmission on 600 metres is forbidden, except for the purpose of making or answering signals of distress; (ii) Interference with Naval or Military Signalling or any fixed shore station must be avoided; (iii) Transmission must be discontinued on request from— (1) any Naval authority; (2) the Port authorities; (3) any fixed shore station; (iv) Protracted signalling using apparatus transmitting other than pure continuous waves must be avoided; and (v) If there is a British or Dominion Fleet or Warship lying in the harbour, the Senior Naval Officer should be consulted. (3) If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Part VI—Proficiency Certificates for Operators and Watchers.. Ship, coast and broadcasting stations to have certificated operators. 126. Every ship station, coast station, and broadcasting station in respect of which a licence is issued shall be operated by a person or persons holding a commercial operator’s certificate of proficiency in accordance with Form 11 in the Schedule to these Regulations, issued after examination by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire. Conditions as to certificates.. 127. Commercial operators’ certificates of proficiency shall be issued to candidates over eighteen years of age who have passed an examination which shall include the requirements of Article 10 of the Service Regulations appended to the International Radiotelegraphic Convention and the "Handbook for Wireless Telegraph Operators" issued by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Examinations for certificates.. 128. The certificates shall be of two classes, namely:— First Class Certificate.. ("a") First Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— (i) the adjustment of the apparatus and the working thereof; (ii) transmitting and receiving, by sound, at a speed which must not be less than twenty words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); and (iii) the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications; and Second Class Certificate.. ("b") Second Class, indicating a satisfactory knowledge with regard to— (i) the adjustment of the apparatus and the working thereof; (ii) transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed of twelve to nineteen words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); and (iii) the regulations applying to the exchange of radiotelegraphic communications. Fees for examination and certificate.. 129. (1) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which the candidate is examined. (2) A certificate of proficiency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of the certificate, One pound for the second copy, and Two pounds for any subsequent copies: Provided that the Minister may authorize the issue of a duplicate or copy of a certificate without charge where it is shown that the original certificate has been lost or destroyed in circumstances over which the holder had no control. (3) Each successful candidate will be required to furnish (for attachment to his Certificate) an autographed photograph of himself (about 2½ ins. by 2½ ins.) and the following particulars:—Height; colour of eyes; colour of hair; complexion and any special peculiarities. Re-examination of unsuccessful candidate.. 130. In case of failure a candidate shall not ordinarily be re-examined in any system until after the lapse of three months. Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend certificates.. 131. If a person to whom a certificate of proficiency has been issued by the Minister— ("a") is convicted of a criminal offence; or ("b") is, on account of incompetence, or for any other reason, considered by the Minister to be unsuitable to continue to hold the certificate, the Minister may withdraw, cancel, or suspend the certificate. Certificates issued by Prime Minister or Minister for Navy.. 132. Certificates of proficiency issued by the Prime Minister or the Minister for the Navy and in force at the date of the commencement of these Regulations, shall continue in force as if issued in pursuance of these Regulations. Watchers’ Proficiency Certificates. 133. (1) Every person acting as a Wireless Telegraphy Watcher, in accordance with the provisions of section 231 of the "Navigation Act" 1912-1920, shall hold a certificate of proficiency as a Watcher accordance with Form 13 in the Schedule to these Regulations issued by the Minister or person authorized in that behalf by the Minister, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Dominions certifying that the holder is capable of receiving and understanding the Radiotelegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal, and has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch, to know, by means of a buzzer or other simple test, that it is in proper condition to receive signals. (2) A certificate of proficiency as a Watcher shall not be issued to any person under sixteen years of age. (3) A fee of Five shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which he is examined. Amateur operator’s certificate of proficiency.. 134. (1.) Certificates of Proficiency may also be granted to any person over the age of sixteen years authorizing him to operate an experimental transmitting station in accordance with the Regulations (Part IV.). The fee for examination will be Five shillings and for the Certificate Two shillings and sixpence. The Certificate shall be in accordance with Form 14 in the Schedule to these Regulations and shall indicate a satisfactory knowledge with regard to:— ("a") transmitting and receiving (by sound) at a speed which must not be less than twelve words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); ("b") the adjustment and operation of low powered apparatus and knowledge of its working; and ("c") knowledge of the principal abbreviations, and regulations laid down by the International Radio Telegraph Convention. (2.) A Certificate of Proficiency may be issued at a charge of Two shillings and sixpence to each Candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination. (3.) In case of failure the Candidate shall not ordinarily be re-examined in any system until after a lapse of three months. (4.) The Amateur Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency does not authorize the holder to operate a Ship Station, Coast Station, or Broadcasting Station. (5.) In special cases where the applicant produces satisfactory evidence of his ability to operate low powered transmitting apparatus the Examination may be waived and a Certificate issued on payment of the prescribed fee of two shillings and sixpence. Nationality of operators and watchers.. 135. (1) Except with the consent of the Defence Authorities, a certificate of proficiency in accordance with Form 11 or 12 in the Schedule to these Regulations shall not be granted to any person who is not a natural born or naturalized British subject (2) In case of urgency a special certificate may be granted to Watchers of other than British Nationality for one voyage only. Part VII—Miscellaneous: Unlicensed Stations, Penalties, Etc.. 136. Nothing in these Regulations shall be construed as rendering the Minister liable or responsible for any infringement by a licensee in the exercise of his licence, of copyright in any work or of any patent for an invention, or for any breach of the law arising out of the exercise of the licence, and nothing in these Regulations shall affect the liability of the licensee in respect of any such act done by him. Use of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes.. 137. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the Defence Authorities of wireless telegraphy for Defence purposes; Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Minister. Seizure of apparatus installed without licence.. 138. If a justice of the peace is satisfied by information on oath that there is reasonable ground for supposing that a wireless telegraphy station has been established, or that any apparatus for wireless telegraphy has been installed or worked in any place or on board any ship within his jurisdiction, without a licence in that behalf, he may grant a search warrant to any police officer or officer appointed in that behalf by the Minister or authorized officer and named in the warrant, and a warrant so granted shall authorize the officer named therein to enter and inspect the station, place, or ship, and to seize any apparatus which appears to him to be used or intended to be used for wireless telegraphy therein. Offences against Regulations.. 139. Any person who acts in contravention of any provision of these Regulations or fails to comply with any condition of a licence shall be guilty of an offence against these Regulations. Penalty: Twenty pounds. Repeal.. 140. (1) The Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1923 (being Statutory Rules 1923, No. 97) are hereby repealed. (2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1923, the rates in force by virtue of those Regulations immediately prior to the repeal shall, subject to any alteration made in pursuance of the agreement made on the 28th March, 1922, between the Commonwealth of Australia and Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) Limited, be the rates to be charged for messages transmitted or received by wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth, or between the Commonwealth and any Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth, or between any such Territories. THE SCHEDULE.. Form 1. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Coast Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to                                                              M                                 to erect a wireless coast station at                                                                                                          and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                        Expires 2. Name of station 3. Latitude and longitude 4. Call sign 5. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 6. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 7. System of radio telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 8. Type of aerial 9. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined) 10. Nature of services performed 11. Hours of service 12. Charge per word for traffic Signature of Licensee Date Fee £1. Commonwealth of Australia. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Form 2. SHIP STATION LICENCE.. Dated                                        19 To all to whom these Presents shall come, I, the Honorable                                             the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Send Greeting. WHEREAS                                                                                                                       of                                                                                in the State of                                       (hereinafter called “the Licensee”) is desirous of establishing, erecting, maintaining using on the                                 called                                      belonging to the Licensee appliances for the purpose of transmitting and receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy: AND WHEREAS by reason of the provisions of the Telegraph Acts 1863 to 1907 of the United Kingdom and the "Wireless Telegraphy Order" 1908 of the United Kingdom it is unlawful to establish any wireless telegraph station or instal or work any apparatus for wireless telegraphy in any place or on board any British ship whether in the territorial waters of the British Islands or on the high seas) except under and in accordance with a licence granted in that behalf by the Postmaster-General of that Kingdom: PROVIDED THAT a person on board a British ship which is registered in any British Possession (other than the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) or in any British Protectorate, shall not be deemed to commit an offence against the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1904 of the United Kingdom by reason of the installation and working of wireless telegraphy on such ship if the authority in such Possession or Protectorate having power by law so to do shall have granted a licence for the installation and working of apparatus for wireless telegraphy on that ship and if such person is acting in accordance with the provisions of such licence: AND WHEREAS the ship in respect of which this licence is granted is registered in the Commonwealth: AND WHEREAS by the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 of the Commonwealth of Australia it is enacted that licences to establish, erect, maintain, and use stations and appliances for the purpose of transmitting or receiving messages by means of wireless telegraphy may be granted by the Minister for the time being administering the Act, for such terms and on such conditions and on payment of such fees as are prescribed: AND WHEREAS the Licensee has made application for this Licence and has paid the prescribed fee payable in respect thereof: NOW I,                                                                                                                                         the Minister or Member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 aforesaid, in pursuance of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and in exercise of all powers and authorities enabling me in this behalf, do hereby grant to the Licensee during the term or period commencing on the                               day of                         19 , and terminating on the                                                        day of                                      , 19 , licence and permission— (i) To establish, erect, and instal and maintain, work, and use for the purposes hereinafter mentioned at the ship station specified in the First Schedule hereto, appliances or apparatus for wireless telegraphy of the kind used in the system known as the                             system of wireless telegraphy (which apparatus is hereinafter referred to as “the licensed installation”): Provided that— ("a") Each ship station shall be of such class mentioned in Article XIII. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912 as is specified in the said schedule opposite to the name of such station; ("b") The installation installed shall be of the character specified in the said First Schedule; ("c") A complete scheme of the connexions intended to be employed shall be supplied by the Licensee; ("d") The transmitting installation used on the ship station shall be of such a character that the waves emitted are as pure and little damped as possible and the receiving apparatus used at the said station or stations shall be of such a character as to afford the greatest possible protection from disturbance during the reception of signals; ("e") The licensed installation shall be so constructed as to be capable of using wave-lengths of 300 and 600 metres in length as measured by the standard of measurement in use by the Post Office in the United Kingdom for the time being and may have such other wave-lengths as shall be authorized in writing from time to time by the Minister or any authorized officer; ("f") The speed of transmission and reception of messages shall not in normal circumstances he less than twenty words a minute, five letters being counted as one word. (ii) To transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation between the said ship station and coast stations and other ship stations: Provided that the transmission and receipt of messages from and at the said ship station when in any harbor in the British Islands shall be subject to such conditions and restrictions as the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom may prescribe from time to time, and when in any harbor in the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth shall be subject to the Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919; and (iii) To receive money or other valuable consideration for or in respect of the use of the licensed installation, or for or in respect of the transmission or receipt of messages by means of the said apparatus. AND I do hereby declare that the said Licence and permission is granted on and subject to the following conditions and provisions:— Interpretation Clause.. 1. In these presents (and in the First Schedule hereto) the following words and expressions shall have the several meanings hereinafter assigned to them unless there be something either in the subject or context repugnant to such construction (that is to say):— The expression “wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. The term “telegraph” has the same meaning as in the "Telegraph Act" 1869 of the United Kingdom. The expression “naval signalling” means signalling by means of any system of wireless telegraphy between two or more ships of His Majesty’s Navy, between ships of His Majesty’s Navy and Naval Stations or between a ship of His Majesty’s Navy or a Naval Station, and any other wireless telegraph station, whether a coast station or a ship station. The expression “His Majesty’s Navy” includes ships being part of the Naval Forces of any part of His Majesty’s Dominions. The expression “the Admiralty” means the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The expressions “the International Telegraph Convention” and “the International Telegraph Regulations” mean respectively the International Convention of St. Petersburg, dated the 10th-22nd July, 1875, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and include respectively any modifications of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912” means the Convention signed at London on the 5th day of July, 1912, and the Service Regulations made thereunder, and includes any modification of the Convention or Regulations made from time to time. The expression “coast station” means a station which is established on land or on board a ship permanently moored, and which is open for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy between land and ship stations or other coast stations. The term “ship station” means a wireless telegraph station established on board a ship which is not permanently moored. The expression “authorized officer” means any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Minister. Restrictions on use of installation.. 2. The licensed installation shall not be used by the Licensee or by any other person, either on behalf or by permission of the Licensee, for the transmission or receipt of messages except messages authorized by this Licence. Protection of naval signalling.. 3. (1) The Licensee shall not by the transmission of any message by means of the licensed installation or otherwise by the use of the licensed installation interfere naval signalling. (2) Stations using wave-lengths longer than those set apart for Naval purposes shall not emit any subsidiary waves or harmonics likely to interfere with signalling or the commercial wave-lengths or naval wave-lengths in the vicinity. (3) If the Minister is of opinion that the working of the licensed installation specified in the First Schedule hereto is inconsistent with the free use of naval signalling, the Licensee shall, when required in writing by the Minister or any authorized officer so to do, close the said station. (4) These provisions for the protection of naval signalling shall be construed to be without prejudice to the generality of any other provisions of this Licence. Licenses to observe International Telegraph Convention and Regulations.. 4. For the purpose of this Licence, the Licensee shall observe the International Telegraph Convention and the International Telegraph Regulations so far as the said Convention and Regulations are capable of being applied to wireless telegraphy in common with ordinary land and submarine telegraphy. Licensee to observe Regulations as to wireless telegraphy.. 5. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of any Regulations from time to time made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 so far as the said Regulation are applicable to the Licensee. Radio-telegraphic Convention to be observed.. 6. The Licensee shall observe the provisions of the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. As to interference.. 7. The Licensee shall comply with all such directions and observe all such rules as may be given or made by the Minister or any authorized officer from time to time for the purpose of preventing interference with the working of any other wireless telegraph station and for enabling the messages exchanged by means of the licensed installation to be distinguished from those emanating from any other wireless telegraph station. Alteration of installation.. 8. The licensed installation shall not, without the consent of the Minister or any authorized officer, be altered or modified in respect of any of the particulars mentioned in the Schedules hereto. Emergency installation.. 9. The installation shall include such emergency installation as may be required according to the class of the ship station under the provisions of Article XI. of the Service Regulations annexed to the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Indemnity of Minister.. 10. The Licensee shall at all times indemnify the Minister against all section, claims, and demands which may be brought or made by any corporation, company, or person in respect of any injury arising from any act licensed or permitted by these presents. Messages to be transmitted without favour or preference.. 11. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Licence, the Licensee shall transmit and receive messages by means of the licensed installation on equal terms without favour or preference, whether as regards rates of charge, order of transmission, or otherwise: Provided always that signals of distress and messages in connexion therewith shall receive priority over all other messages and that the order of transmission of such other messages shall be governed by the International Telegraph Regulations. (2) In respect of messages transmitted on behalf of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth the Licensee shall charge rates not in excess of half of the rates charged to the ordinary public. Licensee to receive signals of distress.. 12. The Licensee shall, so far as possible, receive from ships and light station all requests for assistance and all signals of distress, and shall answer such requests and signals and re-transmit them with the least possible delay to the proper authorities by means of the licensed installation or any other means in the power of the Licensee. As to persons employed to work station.. 13. The licensed installation at the said ship station shall be worked only by a person or persons holding a Commercial Operator’s certificate or certificates of proficiency issued by the Minister or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom. Certificates of proficiency shall be granted only to persons who satisfy the Minister that they possess the requisite technical proficiency as regards operating and knowledge of the regulations governing signalling, and shall be in such form and subject to such conditions as the Minister shall from time to time prescribe. Provisions as to secrecy.. 14. The Licensee shall not divulge to any person (other than properly authorized officials of His Majesty’s Government or the Government of the Commonwealth or a competent legal tribunal) or make any use whatever of any message coming to the knowledge of the Licensee by means of the licensed installation. The operator and other persons having access to the messages transmitted or received by the licensed installation shall make a declaration of the secrecy of wireless communications. Registers of messages to be kept.. 15. The Licensee shall keep full accounts, records, and registers of all messages transmitted by means of the licensed installation, and in such registers each of such messages shall be accompanied by its identifying number and date and full particulars of its place of origin and of ultimate destination, and such further particulars as the Minister or any authorized officer shall from time to time reasonably require to be shown, messages on His Majesty’s service being in such registers distinguished from other messages. The Licensee shall preserve all used message forms, written and printed, and transcripts of messages, and all other papers for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912, and, in default of any provisions on the subject in the said Convention, for such period as is from time to time prescribed by the International Telegraph Regulations, and such registers and message papers shall be open to the inspection of the Minister or his officers thereto authorized at the Head Office of the Licensee in                          between the hours of 10 a.m. and 5 p.m., on every day, except Sunday or a Statute or general holiday. Power of Minister to inspect installation.. 16. The Minister or any authorized officer may at all reasonable times enter upon the ship station hereby licensed for the purpose of inspecting, and may inspect any installation fixed or being in such station for the purpose of sending and receiving messages by wireless telegraphy, and all other telegraphic instruments and apparatus fixed or being in such station, and the working and use of such installation and telegraphic instruments. Licence and other documents to be carried by ships.. 17. The Licensee shall cause to be carried on the ship to which the licence relates a print or copy of the Licence certified under the hand of an authorized officer to be a true copy, and also such documents as may be prescribed by the Minister for the purpose of enabling the Licensee to communicate with coast stations in accordance with the Radio-telegraphic Convention 1912. Fees.. 18. (1) The Licensee shall pay to the Minister for and in respect of the Licence hereby granted a fee of One pound per annum. (2) The fee payable under this Licence shall be payable before the issue of the Licence, and the fee payable upon the renewal of the Licence shall be payable before such renewal. Licence not to be assigned.. 19. Except with the consent in writing of the Minister or any authorized officer, the Licensee shall not assign, underlet or otherwise dispose of or admit any other person or body to participate in the benefit of the licence powers or authorities hereby granted. Power to take possession of or control installation upon emergency.. 20. (1) If and whenever an emergency arises in which it is expedient for the public service that His Majesty’s Government shall have control over the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, it shall be lawful for any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy to cause the licensed installation, or any part thereof, to be taken possession of in the name and on behalf of His Majesty and to be used for His Majesty’s service and subject thereto for such ordinary services as to the said officer may seem fit, and in that event any person authorized by the said officer may enter upon any ship on which any licensed installation is installed and take possession of the said installation and use the same as aforesaid. (2) Any such officer may in such event as aforesaid, instead of taking possession of the licensed installation as aforesaid, direct and authorize such persons as he may think fit to assume the control of the transmission of messages by the licensed installation, either wholly or partly, and in such manner as he may direct, and such persons may enter upon any ship on which any apparatus is installed accordingly, or the said officer may direct the Licensee to submit to him or any person authorized by him all messages tendered for transmission or arriving by the licensed installation, or any class or classes of such messages, to stop or delay the transmission of any messages, or deliver the same to him or his agent, and generally to obey all such directions with reference to the transmission of messages as the said officer may prescribe, and the Licensee shall obey and conform to all such directions. (3) The Licensee shall be entitled to reasonable compensation for any damage to the licensed installation arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this clause. Provision for revocation of licence in certain events.. 21. In any of the following cases (that is to say):— ("a") In case any sum of money which ought to be paid by the Licensee to the Minister under or by virtue of these presents shall be in arrear and unpaid for one calendar month after the time at which the same ought to be paid under or by virtue of the covenants herein contained; ("b") In case of any breach, non-observance, or non-performance by or on the part of the Licensee of any of the covenants (other than a, covenant for the payment of money) or conditions herein contained, and on the part of the Licensee to be observed and performed; or ("c") In case the Licensee fails to comply with any regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, then and in any such case the Minister may by notice in writing revoke and determine these presents, and the licence, powers, and authorities hereinbefore granted, and thereupon these presents and the said licence, powers, and authorities shall absolutely cease, determine, and become void but without prejudice to any right of action or remedy which shall have accrued or shall thereafter accrue to the Minister under the covenants on the part of the Licensee herein contained. Licence not to affect Minister’s rights.. 22. Nothing in these presents contained shall prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to establish, extend, maintain, and work any system or systems of telegraphic communication (whether of a like nature to that hereby licensed or otherwise) in such manner as he shall in his discretion think fit; neither shall anything herein contained prejudice or affect the right of the Minister from time to time to enter into agreements for or to grant licences relative to the working and use of telegraphs (whether of a like nature to those hereby licensed or otherwise) or to the transmission of messages in any part of the Commonwealth or any Territory under the control of the Commonwealth by means of wireless telegraphy, or by any other means with or to any person or persons whomsoever upon such terms as he shall in his discretion think fit. And (save as in this Licence expressly provided) nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Licensee to exercise any of the powers or authorities conferred on or acquired by the Minister by or under the "Post and Telegraph Act" 1901-1916 or the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Notices, "&"c.. 23. Any notice, request, or consent (whether expressed to be in writing or not) to be given by the Minister under these presents may be under the hand of the Minister or any authorized officer, and may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Licensee at the usual or last-known place of residence or business of the Licensee, and any notice to be given by the Licensee under these presents may be served by sending the same in a registered letter addressed to the Secretary at his official address within the Commonwealth. SCHEDULE I.. Particulars of the Licensed Installation. Particulars of Emergency Installation:— Other particulars:— schedule ii.. Complete Scheme of Connexions authorized to be employed in the herein Licensed Station. This drawing, which is purely diagrammatic, shows the circuits authorized to be employed in both the transmitter and receiver. Fee £1. Form 3. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’s DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Land Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to                                                                                      M                                             to erect a wireless land station at                                                                         and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                        Expires 2. Locality of station 3. Name of owner of the property on which station is situated 4. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 5. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 6. System of radio-telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 7. Type of aerial 8. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined). 9. Stations with which communication is permitted 10. Hours of service 11. Charges for service Signature of Licensee Date Fee £1. Form 4 Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Broadcasting Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, (name)                                                           (address)                                                          are/is hereby licensed to erect a Broadcasting Station, Class A,/B,}at,                         , and to operate the said station for a period of five years from the date hereof. The installation and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with, and this licence shall be subject to, the provisions of the said Regulations and such amendments and additions thereto as are made from time to time. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the Minister or member of the Executive Council for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. This licence is accepted by me under the conditions above set out. SIGNED, sealed, and delivered by the said Licensee in the presence of— Schedule of the Authorized Station. Fee £15 for Class a. Fee £5 for Class B. Form 5. Commonwealth, of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Broadcast Listeners’ Licences.—Ordinary./Special.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a Licence is hereby granted to                         to erect and operate a Broadcast Listeners’ Station at                              for a period of twelve months ending                                      .The installation and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the said Regulations, and any such amendments and additions as are made from time to time. The payment by the Licensee of the licence fee of                                                               is hereby acknowledged. The Licensee agrees to comply with the conditions of the Licence as set out in the abovementioned Regulations and to pay the requisite fee for renewal of the Licence when such renewal fee is due. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Postmaster, Date Signature of Licensee Date Note.—This Licence is for a period of 12 months only from the date above mentioned. A fresh Licence or renewal Licence must be obtained for any additional period. Penalty for operating a receiver without a Licence: Not exceeding £20. As no restrictions are placed on the construction’ of receiving sets, licensees are requested to exercise special care in the operation of sets containing reaction (back coupling) so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers. Any such interference is a breach of the Regulations. Form 6. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Broadcast Listeners’ Licences.—Temporary.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a Licence is hereby granted to                                     to erect and operate a Broadcast Listeners’ Station at                  for a period of                           weeks ending                                       The installation and operation of the said station shall be carried out in accordance with the said Regulations, and any such amendments and additions as are made from time to time. The payment by the Licensee of the licence fee of                                                               is hereby acknowledged. The Licensee agrees to comply with the conditions of the Licence as set out in the abovementioned Regulations. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Postmaster. Date Signature of Licensee Date Note.—This Licence is for a period of                               weeks only from the date above mentioned. A fresh Licence must he obtained for any additional period. Penalty for operating a receiver without a Licence: Not exceeding £20. As no restrictions are placed on the construction of receiving sets, licensees are requested to exercise special care in the operation of sets containing reaction (back coupling) so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers. Any such interference is a breach of the Regulations. Form 7. Commonwealth of Australia.                                          No. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Dealer’s Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authorities conferred upon the Postmaster-General by Clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is hereby granted to                                        , of ("a") to deal in wireless apparatus, and ("b") erect and operate a wireless station (receiving only) for the purpose of demonstration, for a period of twelve months ending The sale, hire, or disposal of wireless apparatus by the licensee, and the installation and operation of the said station, shall be carried out in accordance with the said Regulations and any such amendments and additions thereto as are made from time to time. The payment by the Licensee of the licence fee of                                                   is hereby acknowledged. The Licensee agrees to comply with the conditions of the Licence as set out in the above-mentioned Regulations, and to pay the requisite fee for renewal of the Licence when such falls due. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Postmaster. Signature of Licensee Date Note.—This Licence is for a period of twelve months only from date above-mentioned. A fresh Licence or renewal Licence must be obtained for any additional period. Penalty for dealing in wireless apparatus or operating a station without a Licence: Sum not exceeding £20. As no restrictions are placed on the construction of receiving sets, licensees are requested to exercise special care in the operation of sets containing reaction (back coupling) so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers. Any such interference is a breach of the Regulations. Form 8. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Experimental Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by section 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to                                                                          M                                                                                                        to erect an Experimental Wireless Station at                                               , and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence.                                                                      Expires 2. Name of Licensee 3. Location of station 4. Type of receiver                                            Signature of Licensee Date Not for transmitting, unless specially endorsed. As no restrictions are placed on the construction of receiving sets, licensees are requested to exercise special care in the operation of sets containing reaction (back coupling) so as to avoid interference with neighbouring receivers. Any such interference is a breach of the Regulations. Form 9. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Portable Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to                                                                          M                                                                                                         to erect a Wireless Portable Station in accordance with particulars in the Schedule, and to operate the said station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General. Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No. of licence                                                    Expires 2. Area within which transport and operation of set is permitted 3. Stations with which communication is permitted 4. Description of the transmitting apparatus licensed 5. Description of the receiving apparatus licensed 6. Wave-length 7. Maximum energy permitted to be employed in transmitter Signature of Licensee Date Fee £1. Form 10. Commonwealth of Australia. POSTMASTER-GENERAL’S DEPARTMENT. "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919. Aircraft Station Licence.. IN pursuance and exercise of the powers and authority conferred upon the Postmaster-General by clause 5 of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, and by the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations, a licence is granted to                          M                                                                     to erect a Wireless Aircraft Station on aircraft described as                                                 employed on                                         service, and to operate the said Station for a period of twelve calendar months from the date hereof. The erection and operation of the said Station shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the said Regulations, as amended from time to time during the currency of this licence, and shall be subject to such further restrictions and conditions as are from time to time notified by the Postmaster-General or by any officer thereto authorized in writing by the Postmaster-General. By direction of the Postmaster-General, Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless Date Schedule of the Authorized Station. 1. No of licence                                         . Expires 2. Service or locality in which aircraft is employed 3. Source of power and maximum power taken by transmitter 4. Normal range in nautical miles— ("a") By day ("b") By night 5. System of radio-telegraphy with the characteristics of the system of emission 6. Wave-length in metres (the normal wave-length is underlined) 7. Charge per word for traffic 8. Stations with which communication is permitted 9. Nature of services performed Signature of Licensee Date Fee £1. Commonwealth  of Australia. "Certificate No." Form 11. COMMERCIAL OPERATOR’S CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY.. Granted by the Postmaster-General. First Class. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the International Radio-telegraphic Convention and the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Mr.                                     has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and has passed in— ("a") the adjustment of apparatus and knowledge of its working, ("b") transmission and sound-reading at a speed of not less than twenty words a minute, and ("c") knowledge of the regulations applicable to the exchange of radio-telegraphic traffic. The candidate is proficient in the following systems:— It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a legal declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Certifying Officer— Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department. (Date). Signature of Holder— Date of Birth—                                                Place of Birth— N.B.—This Certificate may be indorsed, or withdrawn, at the discretion of the Minister, in case of misconduct or breach of the Regulations on the part of the holder. Unless so withdrawn, it will continue to be valid so long as the Regulations of the Radiotelegraphic Convention concluded in London in 1912 remain in force. Fee for issue, 5s. Form 12. Commonwealth of Australia. Certificate No Commercial Operators’ Certificate of Proficiency in Radio-Telegraphy.. Granted by the Postmaster-General. Second Class. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the International Radio-telegraphic Convention and the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Mr.                                                                                                 has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and has passed in— ("a") the adjustment of the apparatus and the working thereof; ("b") transmitting and receiving by sound at a speed of twelve to nineteen words per minute (five letters being counted as one word); and ("c") the regulations applying to the exchange of radio-telegraphic communications. The candidate is proficient in the following systems:— It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a legal declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Certifying Officer— Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless. Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department. Date Signature of holder— Date of birth—                                          Place of birth— N.B.—This certificate may be endorsed, or withdrawn, at the discretion of the Minister, in case of misconduct or breach of the Regulations on the part of the holder. Unless so withdrawn, it will continue to be valid so long as the Regulations of the Radio-telegraphic Convention concluded in London in 1912 remain in force. Fee for issue, 5s Commonwealth of Australia.                     Form 13 CERTIFICATE OF PROFICIENCY AS A WATCHER IN RADIO-TELEGRAPHY.. Granted by the Postmaster-General. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the "Navigation Act" 1912-1920, Mr.                                                                                                     has been examined in Radio-telegraphy, and— ("a") is capable of receiving and understanding the Radio-telegraph Distress Signal and the Alarm Signal; and ("b") has sufficient knowledge of the apparatus on which he will be required to keep watch to know by means of a buzzer or other simple test that it is in proper condition to receive signals. It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of correspondence. Signature of Examining Officer— The holder of this Certificate is therefore authorized to perform the duties of a Watcher in Radio-telegraphy. for Secretary, Postmaster-General’s Department. Date— Signature of Holder— Date of Birth— Place of Birth— Fee for exam, and issue, 5s. Certificate No. Commonwealth of Australia, Amateur Operator’s Certificate of Proficiency in Radio-telegraphy.. Granted by the Postmaster-General. Form 14. This is to certify that, under the provisions of the Regulations of the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919, Mr.                                     has been examined in Radio-telegraphy and has passed in— ("a") transmitting and receiving (by sound) Morse signals at a speed of not less than twelve words a minute; ("b") the adjustment and operation of low-powered apparatus and knowledge of its working, and ("c") knowledge of principal abbreviations and Regulations laid down by the International Radio-telegraph Convention; and is thus qualified to operate an Experimental Station in accordance with the abovementioned Regulations. It is also certified hereby that the holder has made a legal declaration that he will preserve the secrecy of commercial and defence wireless communications. Signature of Certifying Officer— Radio Inspector. Chief Manager, Telegraphs and Wireless, Postmaster-General’s Department. Date                                                    192 Signature of holder— Date and place of birth— N.B.—This certificate may be endorsed, or withdrawn, at the discretion of the Minister in case of misconduct or breach of the Regulations on the part of the holder. Unless so withdrawn it will continue to be valid so long as the Regulations governing its issue under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-1919 remain in force. Fee for issue, 2s. 6d. Commonwealth of Australia.                         Form 15. STATUTORY DECLARATION REGARDING SECRECY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS. (1) Here insert name, address, and occupation of person making the declaration. I, (1)                                                                                                                                 of                                                                                                                                                        in the State of                                                   , do solemnly and sincerely declare:— 1. That I will hold strictly secret all wireless telegraphic or telephonic or other communications that may pass through my hands, or come to my knowledge in the execution of the wireless telegraphic or telephonic duties intrusted to me. 2. That I will not directly or indirectly either divulge to any person (other than a properly-authorized official of the Commonwealth of Australia, or a competent legal tribunal), or make any use whatever of any message or information coming to my knowledge by reason of the licensed installation. If employed as an operator at a station licensed to conduct commercial wireless traffic I will not give any information directly as indirectly respecting such messages or communications except to the persons for whom such messages or communications are intended or to any authorized officials of the Commonwealth of Australia or authorized official of my employer. 3. That I will not transmit or cause to be transmitted by wireless telegraphy or telephony any message received by me for transmission, or deliver or cause to be delivered to any person any messages received by me by wireless telegraphy or telephony, unless the delivery of such message has been approved by the Minister for the time being administering the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905-191 or by an officer duly authorized by him to approve thereof. And I make this solemn declaration by virtue of the "Statutory Declarations Act" 1911 conscientiously believing the statements contained therein to be true in every particular. (2) Signature of person making declaration. Declared at                                                the                                day of              192 Before me, (3) Signature of person before wham the declaration is made. (4) Here insert title of person before whom the declaration is made. Note.—Any person who wilfully makes a false statement in a statutory declaration is guilty of an indictable offence, and is liable to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for four years. N.B.—To be signed before a Justice of the Peace or a Commissioner for Declarations, and returned to the Chief Manager Telegraphs and Wireless, Postmaster-General’s Department, Melbourne. Form 16. Form 16 ["Front of Card".] ["Inside of Card."] Postmaster-General’s Department, Wireless Branch, Melbourne, Date The bearer, Mr. address = In-line citations =

Àlŏ, Jonathan!. "Àlŏ, Jonathan!" (Hello, Jonathan!) is the story of a young Englishman who goes to visit his friend in another European country. It is written entirely in the language Guosa. It begins with very simple language. The words the reader knows are repeated and new words are added slowly and in context, so that no dictionary is required to read it. Bàbí. Ìkòndá nkè Ùkí’sén. È míji kùndé nà ne gàrí. Ó kòdé jarida. Né míjì hùnrí gàrí. Mèshè né miji kùndé nà…. è míjì? Bãtì, kò kùndé nà míjì. Ó kùndé sí nà gàrí

Canadian Refugee Procedure/44-53 - Loss of Status and Removal. IRPA Sections 44-53. Sections 44-53 of the "Immigration and Refugee Protection Act" read: IRPA Section 48: Enforcement of Removal Orders. 48(2): The removal order must be enforced as soon as possible. Discretionary relief for those facing deportation is also available through requests for deferrals of removal. The power is based on subsection 48(2) of the IRPA, which states that "[i]f a removal order is enforceable, the foreign national against whom it was made must leave Canada immediately and the order must be enforced as soon as possible". The idea is that enforcement of the removal order is not "possible" if it would mean refoulement. Upon request, a removals officer must consider whether the individual has offered «new» evidence not previously assessed before the IRB or in a PRRA application that they would be exposed to "a risk of death, extreme sanction or inhumane treatment" if deported.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1915A00033. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915. The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 simply and concisely amended the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 to substitute all instances of "The Postmaster-General" with a generic reference to "the Minister for the time being administering the Act". This was necessary to accommodate the imminent transfer of control of matters pertaining to wireless telegraphy from the Postmaster-General's Department to the Department of Navy, as deemed necessary by the Government as a result of the commencement of the First World War. But also in the future, any further transfer of wireless control to any other Department. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1915A00033/FRLI. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.. No. 33 of 1915. An Act to amend the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905. [Assented to 6th September, 1915.] BE it enacted by the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:— Short title and citation.. 1.—(1.) This Act may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1915. (2.) The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905, as amended by this Act, may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915. Substitution of “Minister for the time being &c.” for “Postmaster-General.”. 2. Sections four, five, and six of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 are amended by omitting the words “The Postmaster-General” and inserting in their stead the words “the Minister for the time being administering the Act”.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1919A00004. Wireless Telegraphy Act 1919. Although wireless telephony had been the subject of experiments in Australia since the early 1900s (most notably by Henry Sutton, callsign XLM), by 1919 there was considerable public interest in wireless telephony, with demonstrations most notably by AWA. The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905-1915 most likely extended to cover wireless telephony also, but to remove all doubt, the Act was simply and concisely amended to extend the definition of wireless telegraphy to include telephonic communication also. Thus the Australian Government asserted complete control of both wireless telegraphy and the emerging technology of wireless telephony. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1919 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1919 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1919A00004/FRLI. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.. No. 4 of 1919. An Act to amend Section Two of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915. [Assented to 8th September, 1919.] BE it enacted by the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:— Short title and citation.. 1.—(1.) This Act may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1919. (2.) The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915, as amended by this Act, may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1919. Interpretation.. 2. Section two of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905–1915 is amended by inserting in the definition of “Wireless telegraphy”, after the word “telegraphic”, the words “or telephonic”.

Simple Guide to Minecraft/Manual of Style. Page names. Begin all pages names with "Simple Guide to Minecraft/" When referring to something within dimensions, start the page name with "Simple Guide to Minecraft/Overworld" "Simple Guide to Minecraft/Nether" or "Simple Guide to Minecraft/The End" depending on the dimension. To link to the Minecraft Wiki, use template to generate the template you see at the side.

Sociology of Religion/The Future of Religion. The significance of religion may rise or decline or change in its public perception, and individual religious interpretations are subject to change. Increased fundamentalism may fuel historical frictions as beliefs differ. Less fundamental approaches may propitiate. Studies such as comparative religion could bolster interfaith cooperation. Various alternatives to religion may affect its influence.

Chess Opening Theory/1. c3/1...c5. Saragossa Opening. If white plays 2.e4 it is a transposition to the Alapin. You can keep this as unique Saragossa theory by playing 2.d4, but this is also likely to transpose into a London System with c5 and cxd4. This is considered as a bad opening as it hinders white's immediate piece development and is rarely seen in master games. In the Lichess Masters Database this line (1.c3 c5) has only appeared 27 times.

History of Christianity/Origins of Christianity/The Historicity of Jesus of Nazareth. The primary sources for the life of Jesus are the Christian gospels, significantly the Gospel of Mark. Composed around 70 CE, Mark was evidently the first gospel written. The gospels of Matthew and Luke are thought to have been based on Mark as well as an unknown quote source, with the Gospel of John standing in contrast both in terms of content and its later dating (c. 100 CE). Mark contains no virgin birth or post-resurrection appearances of Jesus, as opposed to Matthew and Luke, which also introduce contradictions related to Jesus's birth. It is assumed that prior to Mark's composition, details of Jesus's life were passed on by oral tradition. Non-Christian sources for Jesus's existence are dated later (the earliest c. 93 CE) and provide no original details of substance. Scholars argue that Jesus existed on the basis of his having a following, though only his baptism and death by crucifixion are widely considered to be definite historical events. Some hold that a family as poor as Jesus's would not have been significantly documented. Rome for its part indeed executed thousands by crucifixion, specifically targeting Jews in its 70 CE Siege of Jerusalem (which Jesus allegedly foresaw). Alternative views suggest that Jesus was either largely or entirely mythical; though dismissed by mainstream scholars, these theories have gained traction online. Just as all religions draw from existing beliefs (e.g. Judaism's rewriting of Mesopotamian creation myths, Buddhism's incorporation of Hinduism, and Roman religion's robbery of Greek gods), Christianity provided a renewal of Judaism, declaring the identity of its Messiah—rewording Old Testament passages to fulfill claimed prophesies. A source of inspiration for the story of Jesus (the King of Kings) has been postulated as Julius Caesar (d. 44 BCE), whose deification led to his heir, another Caesar, becoming the first Roman emperor (27 BCE – 14 CE). Adjacent to spiritual teachings, Jesus endorses paying taxes to Rome. In the early 4th century CE, the church declared baselessly that Jesus's birthday aligned with the winter solstice. In 525 CE, a Byzantine monk devised the enduring BC/AD dating system, doubtfully implying Jesus to have been born in 1 BCE/CE. The rise of fundamentalism in the United States (starting around the late 19th century) fueled beliefs regarding Jesus's divinity and the Bible's inerrancy. Subsequent secular scholarship has not supported those views.

English as an Additional Language/Progressives. The progressive in English describes actions that were ongoing at one point in time. It can also be called the continuous. Past Progressives. The past progressive describes an action that was ongoing in the past but is no longer going on. The past progressive can be used to describe an action that was ongoing before it was interrupted. E.g. Sally was eating pasta before the guests arrived. It can also be used to describe two actions that were going on simultaneously. E.g. While he was cooking dinner, I was in bed sleeping. The past perfect progressive describes an action that started and was continuously going on until one point in the past. E.g. I had been fighting with my brother for the entire morning. Present Progressive. The present progressive describes an action that is still being actively done. Unlike in other languages, the simple present cannot be substituted for the present progressive as the simple present only describes general facts. The present progressive can be used to describe an action that is currently ongoing. E.g. They are exercising right now. It can also be used to describe a planned future action. E.g. She is catching a train tomorrow.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/Research. Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905 Hansard Websites. Australian Parliament - Hansard 1901 to Present Tim Sheratt's Historic Hansard - 1901 to 1980

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1905A00008/Notes. Summary: Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - FRLI: C1905A00008, Act No. 8 of 1905, assented to 18 October 1905 Wireless Telegraphy Act 1905 - Transcriptions and notes. 1900s. 1901. 1901 01. Jenvey declines to express an opinion on Marconi's rights NEWS OF THE DAY. Mr. Jenvey, the telegraphic expert of the Postal department, declines to express any opinion as to the question raised by "The Age" as to the State's relations to the Marconi wireless telegraphy patents. Other officials, however, declare, that although in the event of the Australian Post Office adopting wireless telegraphy for commercial and other purposes compensation will be due to the Marconi Company as an act of justice, yet under the Postal Acts of the various colonies the State has the sole right to engage in telegraphic business. The sections in the acts giving the Postal department supreme control over the telegraphic system would apply. As previous GENERAL NEWS Before wireless telegraphy can be introduced in Victoria it is quite possible that the Postal authorities will have to purchase the patent rights for this colony from the inventor. The Imperial authorities are now negotiating with Mr Marconi for the right to install his system in Great Britain, and it is understood that there is every probability of their coming to terms. The Victorian Postal authorities believe, however, that wireless telegraphy or any cognate application of electrical power comes under a section of the Post-office Act which gives the department the exclusive right to transmit messages over the electric wires. Mr. H. V. Jenvey, chief electrical engineer to the department, has not yet completed his experiments with the wireless system, so that no immediate steps can be taken to apply it for commercial or defence purposes. When that time does come Mr Marconi's claims to patent rights will have to be considered. 1901 11. Tasmanian government seeking wireless telegraphy between Tasmania and nearby islands TASMANIAN GRIEVANCES. LAUNCESTON, Thursday. A meeting of the Chamber of Commerce today decided to ask the Federal Postmaster-General to inquire into the adaptability of wireless telegraphy for cheap communication between Tasmania and the mainland. The president stated that Lloyd's had approached the Government for the use of Swan and King islands, and were prepared to install the system at their own expense. The Government had granted the application. Complaint was made that queries made by the Customs Department are referred to Hobart, and thence to Melbourne, the replies being received via Hobart, causing unnecessary delay. The chamber resolved that the Federal Government should be asked to give the local collector power to deal direct with Melbourne on these matters. Post and Telegraph Act considered to regulate wireless telegraphy also WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. Can the Postal department prevent any private firm establishing a system of wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth? This in effect is the substance of a question to be put to the Postmaster General in the Senate on Wednesday. There is, it is said, a movement on foot to transmit telegraphic messages from Tasmania to one of the adjoining islands, a service for which a private company proposes to collect rates. To permit wireless telegraphy in the hands of private companies to come into competition with the ordinary telegraph and cable services might, of course, prejudice the revenue of the Telegraph department. The Post and Telegraph Act, however, gives the Postal department the "exclusive right to transmit messages by telegraph," and this is broadly interpreted to cover any system of wireless telegraphy. Before employing the new system for its own purposes the Postal department would however, have to pay the inventor for his patent rights. As previous WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. In reply to suggestions that the system of wireless telegraphy may be established within the Commonwealth by private firms, the postal department points out that the Post and Telegraph Bill, which comes into operation on 1st December, gives the Postmaster-General sole power to transmit messages, and that without his consent there can be no competition with the Commonwealth department. 1904. 1904 12. Punch magazine publishes a graphic joke with thrust the general public don't care about the forthcoming Wireless Telegraphy Act PERFECTLY SATISFIED. TOM.— "What do they call this 'ere wireless telegraphy, Bill?" BILL.— "If the publican beckons us over for a drink, that's it." 1905. 1905 07. First reference to the new Wireless Telegraphy Bill in the Senate . . . Senator PLAYFORD - It is a question for a lawyer, and I shall get a lawyer's opinion on the subject before I deal with it. The statement proceeds:- Several Bills considered in part last session will be revived by resolution, and, where necessary new amendments will be added. Among other matters engaging the serious attention of Ministers, and upon which it is intended at a later date to make proposals of an important character, that of Defence (29) . is specially deserving of reconsideration, particularly in view of recent developments. Short Bills relating to the Law of Evidence (30); Audit Act Amendment (31); Wireless Telegraphy (32); Census and Statistics (33); Weights and Measures (34); Designs (35); and Property Acquisition (36) will be placed before you. This list of subjects may be divided into two parts. The first is made up of minor Bills, aiming at useful but independent additions to the ordinary machinery of Government. The other consists of major Bills, embodying a progressive policy of development of the resources of the Commonwealth, intended to be carried out by systematic effort here and in the Mother Country, and, if necessary, in the sister dominions of the Empire. It may not be possible to complete this programme, though with the help of Parliament a great advance can be made before the next recess. The policy as a whole can be pushed far onward if we are able to follow a business-like session this year with a longer session next year, devoted to questions of the first magnitude, approached steadily and consistently from the practical side. At all events, so far as Ministers are concerned, this Parliament will be afforded, as it has itself demanded, another opportunity of fulfilling the purposes for which it was elected, and justifying the confidence of those who look to us to foster the national interests of Australia. . . . Senator PLAYFORD - I can only repeat that I shall do all I can to get as much work as possible before the Senate. I hope I shall succeed ; but I am a little doubtful, as the House of Representatives has charge of the Estimates, and will have some Bills which are of a highly contentious character to deal with. Before those Bills are submitted to the Senate, it may be necessary for me to ask for an adjournment for a fortnight or so. The present position is that the Government have given notice of their intention to proceed in the Senate with the consideration of the very debatable Bill introduced last session relating to the survey of the proposed railway line between Kalgoorlie and Port Augusta, and that the are also ready to give notice of their intention to introduce Bills relating to copy right, wireless telegraphy, and other matters. These are not of supreme importance, nor are they of a very contentious character, but they will, at all events, provide work. Looking round the Senate, I must say that - I anticipate that honorable senators will also bring forward a considerable amount of private members' business. . . . WT Bill presented and read a first time in the Senate WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY BILL Motion (by Senator Keating) agreed to - That leave be given to introduce a Bill for an Act relating to Wireless Telegraphy. Bill presented and read a first time. 1905 08 02. Senator KEATING (Tasmania—Honorary Minister) (NaN.NaN pm). - I move - That the Bill be now read a second time. So far as length is concerned, the measure is a very small one. Its main object is to make a Government monopoly of wireless telegraphy in the Commonwealth. The provisions of the Post and Telegraph Act of 1901 make telegraphy, as then understood, the sole business of the Postmaster-General. In section 80 of the Act, it is set forth that The Postmaster-General shall have the exclusive privilege of erecting and maintaining telegraph lines and of transmitting telegrams or other communications by telegraph within the Commonwealth, and performing all the incidental services of receiving, collecting, or delivering such telegrams or communications, except as provided by this Act or the regulations. It might be argued, on the construction of those words, and in view of the developments which have taken place in connexion with the science or art of telegraphy, that wireless telegraphy would also be included within the purview of the section. But later on in the section we find this proviso: - Provided also that nothing in this section shall be taken to prevent any person from maintaining and using any telegraph line heretofore erected by him or from erecting, maintaining, and using any telegraph line - [a) which is wholly within and upon land whereof he is the proprietor or occupier, and solely for his own purposes, &c. Even where there is an actual physical connexion by means of a wire, so long as the wire and all the appliances and instruments in connexion therewith are upon private property, a private individual can use the ordinary telegraph, notwithstanding the provision that is made for giving the Postmaster-General exclusive rights in respect to telegraphs. The appliances and apparatus which are used for the practice of wireless telegraphy do not necessitate the use of any connexion wires at all, but are simply terminal apparatus, which may be used and may be confined at either end absolutely to any person's land. I do not say that that proviso would put out of the enacting part of the section a system of wireless telegraphy. But, as it stands, it is sufficient to throw some doubt on the question as to whether a system of wireless telegraphy does come properly within the section, because it is perfectly understandable that all the appliances which would be required for a transmitting station could be comprised within the private property of an individual, and that all the appliances and apparatus which would be required for a receiving station could also be comprised within the boundaries of the private property of that, or some other individual, and communication could be established without the aid of wires at all by the new system. It is quite possible that in that way it might be argued, and argued successfully, that the Act, as framed in 1901, had not in contemplation such a system of communication as wireless telegraphy. Under these circumstances, it is deemed desirable to set at rest any such doubt as that. That is the object of the Bill. It is set forth in clause 4, that the Postmaster-General shall have the exclusive privilege of transmitting messages by wireless telegraphy in Australia, of transmitting them to any place or ship outside Australia, and of receiving them from any place or ship outside Australia. Of course, it might be argued that it is not desirable that he should have that power. Where legislation has been submitted, as in the case of Great Britain, provision has been made to protect persons who are working apparatus for the purpose of carrying out a. system of wireless telegraphy for scientific or experimental purposes, and to enable them to do so. But in order to get over any such difficulty as that, provision is made in this Bill that the Postmaster-General may by licence enable persons to carry out any such system, either for that Or any other purpose he may think desirable. Appropriate penalties are provided in the case of any person who contravenes the Act, by attempting to establish, erect, maintain, or use any station, to transmit or to receive messages by means of this method. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Would it apply to semaphore or other signals? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I think not, from the following definition in clause 2 : - " Wireless telegraphy" includes all systems of transmitting and receiving telegraph messages by means of electricity, without a continuous metallic connexion between the transmitter and the receiver. The definition in the English measure goes a little further than that, and it is thought that by limiting its application to messages transmitted by electricity, anybody who chooses to carry out a system of telegraphy by means of semaphores will not commit a breach of the provisions of the Act. Then, of course, there is provision made for the case of ships which come into the ports of the Commonwealth, fitted with appliances and apparatus for wireless telegraphy. As honorable senators know, these appliances and apparatus are to be found fairly frequently now on many of the large ships. Therefore, provision is made that, so long as the ships are in the ports of the Commonwealth, the appliances and apparatus shall be subject to the control of the Postmaster-General. They may (be used, of course, by the owners or by those in control of the vessels, but subject to such regulations as may be framed for such purpose. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - And to such charges ? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - That will be a matter of regulation. At present the Bill simply provides that these instruments shall be subject to the control of the Postmaster-General, and shall only be used by his authority or as authorized by the regulations. I have no doubt that if it is deemed desirable that charges should be made for the use of them, the regulations will provide for proper and fair charges to be made. Provision is also made for the forfeiture of any such apparatus or instrument which may be used by any person contrary to the provisions of the Act, And in cases where it is suspected that appliances are toeing used in contravention of the Act, proper provision is made to enable the necessary search warrants to be issued, authorizing persons to make searches, and to take possession of such instruments. Senator de Largie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Have any private persons been working this system in Australia? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Not that I know of, unless it has been done as a matter of experiment. During the last few years the successive Governments of the Commonwealth have had brought under their notice several different systems, including, amongst others, the following: - Marconi, Professor Slaby's, Slaby-Arco, Lodge-Muirhead, T. E. Clark, Heincke, De Forest, Telefunken, and Shoemaker. It is eminently desirable that if there is any system' of wireless telegraphy established in Australia for the transmission, on behalf of the public, of messages, we should have a system that would be, as far as possible, similar to whatever system may be adopted by the United Kingdom and its warships, so that communications which would pass between them and the United Kingdom when at sea, or between them and Australia or other British Possessions, would be as far as possible in accordance with one particular system. Representations to that effect have passed between the Governments of the Commonwealth and the Home Government, and it is thought desirable that neither party should yet adopt any particular system or grant concessions, rights, or privileges to any particular syndicate, or to any promoters, to carry out a system in Australia or elsewhere which would make it difficult for the Governments afterwards to have a system on a proper and uniform basis as far as possible throughout the Empire. I think I have now indicated most of the main provisions of the Bill which, though it may seem very small, is an important one, and one which I think should be passed into law as early as possible. The ninth, or concluding clause, enables the GovernorGeneral to make such regulations as may be necessary from time to time for giving effect to the principles of the Act. In conclusion, I might mention, as I have already indicated, that many ships - more particularly the ships of war of the different nations - are fitted up with wireless telegraphy transmitters and receivers. Provision is therefore made in clause 3 that - This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy. As honorable senators will see, it would be desirable and advisable that so long as the ships of the King's Navy are in the ports of the Commonwealth, they should not be prevented from carrying on wireless telegraphy between themselves or with elsewhere, as they are frequently doing, for experimental purposes, I understand. Senator Mulcahy (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - What about foreign warships ? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Foreign warships will come within sub-clause 2 of clause 6. Their instruments and appliances will be subject to the control of the Postmaster - General, and usable subject to regulations which will be framed. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - What about colonial warships ? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - They are part of the King's Navy. Senator Guthrie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - No. Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - If the honorable senator wishes to make certain of that, probably he will suggest the addition of a few words to provide that the vessels of the Commonwealth Navy shall not come within the provisions of the measure. Senator Mulcahy (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Does the Minister think that foreign nations would permit the Postmaster-General to send on board officers to take charge of their instruments? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I do not suppose that any of our officers would take charge of the instruments. That would be a matter for arrangement, in accordance with international comity. The like provisions will apply to foreign warships visiting our ports as apply to British warships visiting foreign ports. No express provision has been made in the Bill in that regard, but should they not come within subclause 2 of clause 6 I have not the slightest doubt that, under some proper and effective regulations, the control of their wireless telegraphy will be on all fours with the control which they themselves exercise in their own ports in respect of visiting warships. Senator de Largie (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Can the Minister tell us whether any experiments have been carried out by the electrical branch of the Post and Telegraph Department, or any of its officers? Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I am not in a position to say that there have been any experiments carried out. The electricians of that Department have been called upon to report upon certain systems which have been taken into consideration by the Government, but whether, in order to bring up their report, they have conducted any experiments or not I do not know. Senator Drake (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - They have been experimenting for a long time. Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - Perhaps they have been experimenting in Queensland; at short distances. Senator Drake (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - In other States as well. Debate (on motion by Senator Pulsford) adjourned. 1905 08 04. Procedural Text relating to the second reading of the Wireless Telegraphy Bill Second Reading. Debate resumed from 2nd August (vide page 466), on motion by Senator Keating - That the Bill be now read a second time. Speech by Senator Pulsford, following second reading of Wireless Telegraphy Bill, in its support & suggesting amendments Senator PULSFORD (New South Wales—) (NaN.NaN pm) - This is a necessary Bill. The growth of wireless telegraphy is already very considerable, and promises to be much greater. It is desirable, therefore, that the Post and Telegraph Department should be prepared to deal with it. I observe that, according to the English Act, in the old country it is considered a matter not only for the Post and Telegraph Department but also for the Defence Department, in which certain powers are vested. I think it is desirable to make some amendments in the Bill in that direction. Clause 3 reads - This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy. I suggest that the clause might be amended so as to provide that the Act shall not apply to "the Naval and Military Forces." In clause 4 I think it is desirable to insert the following proviso, which is taken from the English Act:- Provided that nothing in this Act shall prevent any person from making or using electrical apparatus for actuating machinery, or for any purpose other than the transmission of messages. That seems a very simple and necessary provision. In sub-clause 1 of clause 6 there is provided an immense penalty - £500 - which is repeated in the next subclause. The English Act fixes the penalty at £100, and also provides an additional penalty of imprisonment, which may be inflicted with a fine. I shall propose, therefore, that we reduce the penalty from £500 to £200, and add these words - " With or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding twelve months." Clause 8, as it stands does not seem to be quite sufficient. The search warrant may be granted to any person. I shall propose that the clause be brought into line with the provision in the English Act by substituting these words - A search warrant may be granted to any police officer, . or any officer appointed on their behalf by the Postmaster-General or the Minister for Defence, and named in the warrant. I shall also propose that the following new clause be inserted:- "No proceedings shall be taken against any person under this Act except by order of the Postmaster-General or the Minister for Defence." The amendments are of the simplest character. They conflict in no way with the principle of the measure, but assist in carrying it out and safeguarding the work of the Departments. They also give some power to the Minister of Defence as well as to the Postmaster-General. Under the English Act power is possessed by the Postmaster-General, the Admiralty, the Army Council, and the Board of Trade. In our measure I imagine that it will be sufficient to name the Postmaster-General and the Minister of Defence. Question resolved in the affirmative. Bill read a second time. In Committee: Clause 1 agreed to. Clause 2 - In this Act, " Australia " includes the territorial waters of the Commonwealth. Speech by Senator Pearce, following second reading of Wireless Telegraphy Bill, in its support & suggesting amendments Senator PEARCE (Western Australia—) (NaN.NaN pm) - It is doubtful whether Papua is included in the definition, therefore I move - That after the word " Commonwealth," line 2, the words and the territory of Papua "be inserted. The Acts Interpretation Act defines "Australia" as including the whole Commonwealth; and the Constitution defines "Commonwealth" as meaning "The Commonwealth of Australia as established under this Act." The Commonwealth consists of six States exclusive of the territory of Papua; and the same dangers that would arise out of any abuse of this power in the States would arise in the case of Papua. Senator McGregor has suggested to me that an even wider term might be inserted, by saying, "and any territory whatever." I have not had much time to give consideration to the point, but I think it would be wise to include all our existing territory. Senator KEATING (Tasmania—Honorary Minister) (NaN.NaN pm) . - I think the honorable senator's suggestion is a worthy one, which should be accepted. The Bill, of course, only provides for a system of wireless telegraphy in Australia. The exclusive use of wireless telegraphy within the Commonwealth is to be under the control of the Postmaster-General. The same reason that would apply to the six States applies with equal force to the territory of Papua. Therefore, I shall accept the amendment. Senator MILLEN (New South Wales). Senator Pearce indicated a suggestion which came from Senator McGregor, and which seems to be better than that contained in the amendment. It is true that, to-day, the Commonwealth is only vested with the control of one piece of outside territory; but one can hardly say what the coming years may bring forth. There are infinite possibilities of greater responsibilities being placed upon the Commonwealth, and we should provide for them. Senator McGregor has suggested the insertion of the words "and any territory thereof." That would cover not only the immediate necessities with regard to Papua, but also any other territory that might pass under the control of the Commonwealth. It is, for instance, quite conceivable that one or two islands, which are at present directly under the administration of New South Wales, might at some time pass under the control of the Commonwealth. I might mention Lord Howe Island, as an example. Certainly, the insertion of the word Papua would not cover that case, whereas I should think the term "territory of the Commonwealth" would do so. I, therefore, suggest the advisableness of accepting Senator McGregor's suggestion. Senator PEARCE(Western Australia). - I ask leave to withdraw my amendment with a view to substitute the words "and any territory of the Commonwealth." Amendment, by leave, withdrawn. Amendment (by Senator Pearce) proposed - That after the word "Commonwealth" the words " and any territory of the Commonwealth " be inserted. Senator KEATING (—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I agree that it would be desirable not to restrict ourselves to present conditions, but to provide in the Bill for apy possible future extension of the Commonwealth by acquisition of new territory. The only point that occurs to me is in reference to the exact words to be used. Section 122 of the Constitution provides that - "The Parliament may make laws for the government of any territory, surrendered by any State to and accepted by the Commonwealth, or of any territory placed by the Queen under the authority of and accepted by the Commonwealth." I think that the words proposed by Senator Pearce will meet all the possible cases, and therefore I have no objection to the amendment. Amendment agreed to. Clause, as amended, agreed to. Clause 3 - . This Act shall not apply to ships belonging to the King's Navy Senator Pulsford moves an amendment to the Wireless Telegraphy Bill relating to exemption for naval forces Senator PULSFORD (New South Wales—) (NaN.NaN pm) - I move - That the words " ships belonging to the King's Navy " be left out with a view to insert in lieu thereof the words," the Naval and Military Forces." I am not sure that a clause of this nature is necessary. There is nothing of the sort in the English Act. But, if it is thought to be necessary, it should be made to include anything done by the Military and Naval Forces, which embrace the Naval Squadron of His Majesty. 1905 09. Opinion piece by journalist of "The Age" expresses view that Australian wireless telegraphy should be opened up for competition AUSTRALIAN WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. WILL THERE BE A MONOPOLY? Within the next few weeks the Governor-General will have given his assent to the Wireless Telegraphy Bill, and it will be illegal to install and work wireless telegraphy apparatus without a licence issued by the Postmaster-General. It is therefore desirable, in the public interest, that attention should be directed without delay to the danger that exists that one or other of the competing companies working wireless systems may secure a monopoly. That there is such a danger no one can doubt from the way in which the Postal department is waiting for the opinion of the British Admiralty before dealing with the competing offers now before it. The idea appears to be that whatever system the Admiralty adopts the Postmaster-General should also adopt, to the exclusion from Australian coasts of all others. What is desirable is the very freest competition amongst the rival systems, within certain limits, which will fix zones for each company, and clearly indicate how far the existing telegraphs or cable routes may be invaded. Some guidance in the matter is given by a return that has been issued by the British Postmaster-General, revealing the operations of his officers in connection with the first year's working of the British Wireless Telegraphy Act. This act is a temporary measure, and expires at the end of 1906. Under it 73 applications for licences have been received, only three of which were in regard to the Marconi apparatus. Forty-eight of the applications were granted; four were referred back for amendment; one has been refused because it proposed wireless "exchanges," which interfered with the ordinary telegraph monopoly; and the remainder are still under consideration. The licences appear to have been issued so as to promote experimental work and to foster private enterprise and invention. No one company has been favored. The Marconi Co., and Lloyd's, in London, are still, as yet, the only bodies at present accepting wireless telegrams from the public; but other systems have been licensed, and are in operation for business purposes. For example, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway Company is using the system of a Frenchman named Rochefort for communication with the Dieppe Newhaven packets, and with a wireless station belonging to a French railway company at Dieppe. The Midland Railway Co. intends to use the Lodge-Muirhead system in connection with the Heysham-Belfast steamers. This railway company has a licence, too, for experimenting with the same system in relation to trains in motion — a use of wireless telegraphy successfully developed in the United States and Germany. Then the Marconi Company has obtained permission to establish a long distance station on the west coast of Ireland for "commercial communication" with America. The Lodge-Muirhead Company is asking for stations on the Isle of Wight, the Lizard, at Dover, and at the Fastnet. The De Forrest Company has secured several stations on the east coast. The policy pursued by the British Parliament is to encourage competition amongst these companies in the hope of cheapening what is at present only "a rich man's service," and Australia cannot do better than follow suit.

Supplementary mathematics/Graph Theory. Graph theory or topology graph theory is a branch of mathematics and a field of discrete mathematics. Graph theory refers to networks of points that are connected and ordered and connected by lines. Graph applications in chemistry for formulation and form Classification of molecules and atoms, research and investigation in operations for tracking and clues in a research and computer science study have been used a lot to encode and determine the graph, and the graph has become a significant field in mathematics and discrete mathematics. The history of graph theory goes back to 1735 in a special, principled and official way, which was discovered by a Swiss mathematician named Leonard Euler. It was a mathematical puzzle to find a path on each of the seven bridges that cross a forked river and pass by an island. Euler created an argument by drawing graph lines that there is no path at all. Proof This theorem was in the form of Fyric arrangement in bridges, but basically he proved the first theorem in graph theory. The term graph means that the lines are connected to each other and have a graph scope, but it does not refer to data graphs such as linear, bar, circle. In general, graphs can be divided into two categories: graphs and Divided data. A graph refers to a set of vertices (points or nodes that are connected) and lines (lines that are connected).

Skript+. Welcome to the Skript+ Book! Skript+ is a concept scripting language made by me, just for ChatGPT! 👉For questions and answers please look at this page!👈 👉For solutions for the exercises please look at this page!👈 Pages. Hello, world! Variables Buffers Arrays If, Else statements Comments More commands

Skript+/Hello, world!. The first of all, is a "Hello, world!" program! Copy this and paste in ChatGPT, on a new chat: Output should be: codice_1

Skript+/Variables. Now, it's time for: variables! To create a variable in Skript+, you need to type as following: Or, if you like, there is a alterative: Examples. This example calculates the square of 5: This example outputs "Hi! This is Skript+!" on the chat: Exercise. Write a program to print the sum of 12 and 31.

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1916L00212. Summary:Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 C1916L00212 SR 1916 No. 212, 6 September 1916 (in operation 1 September 1916) Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916. The commencement of the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 reflected the transition of regulation of wireless from the Department of Navy to the Postmaster-General's Department and enabled a new era of amateur activity which had effectively been quashed since early in the first World War. Resources. A comprehensive summary of matters pertaining to the Wireless Regulations 1916 has not yet been prepared, however the following resources have been assembled in preparation: Internet Material. No significant articles specifically about the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 and in the public domain have yet been identified

History of wireless telegraphy and broadcasting in Australia/Topical/Legislation/C1916L00212/FRLI. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS 1916. STATUTORY RULES.. 1916. No. 212. _______ REGULATIONS UNDER THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY ACT 1905–1915.. I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1915 to come into operation on and from the 1st day of September, 1916. Dated this sixth day of September, One thousand nine hundred and sixteen. R. M. FERGUSON, Governor-General. By His Excellency’s Command, J. A. JENSEN, Minister of State for the Navy. __________ WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY REGULATIONS.. Short Title.. 1. These Regulations may be cited as the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916. Definitions.. 2. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears — “Australian ship” means a ship registered in Australia; “British ship” means a British ship other than an Australian ship; “Foreign ship” means a ship other than an Australian ship or a British ship; “Harbor” includes any harbor properly so called, whether natural or artificial, or any estuary, navigable river, pier, jetty, or other work in or at which a ship can obtain shelter, or ship or unship goods or passengers; “Land Station” means a station, not being a ship station, for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Ship Station” means a ship (not permanently moored) having installed thereon appliances for the transmission and receipt of messages by means of wireless telegraphy; “Territorial Waters” means the territorial waters of the Commonwealth and those of any territory of the Commonwealth, and includes harbors; “The Act” means the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1915; “The Minister” means “The Minister of State for the Navy”; “Naval Board” means the Naval Board of Administration appointed under the Naval Defence Act; “Naval Secretary” means the Secretary to the Naval Board of Administration.” Permits.. 3. (1) The Naval Board may, at their discretion, grant permission for technical schools and similar institutions to conduct experiments in Radiotelegraphy for the purpose of. training students. (2) The applicant for such permission shall satisfy the Naval Board that the experiments will be conducted only for the purpose of training students, and shall furnish, with his application, a complete list of the material intended to be used, together with the name and credentials of the person who, it is proposed, will give the instruction. (3) The applicant shall further agree to allow Inspectors attached to the Radiotelegraph Branch of the Department of the Navy free access to the premises in which the experiments are carried out, for the purpose of inspection, as and when required. (4) The permission shall be granted without charge, but the Naval Board reserve the right to withdraw such permission at any time, and their decision in the matter shall be final. Licences.. 4. (1) A licence shall be granted only in respect of a ship station on an Australian ship. (2) A licence shall be for a period of one year from the date thereof but may be renewed from time to time. Fee for Licence.. 5. The fee for a licence shall be One pound and shall be paid in advance. Application for a Licence.. 6. (1) An application for a licence must be in writing, and must set out the following particulars:— ("a") the name of the ship in respect of which the licence is applied for; ("b") the port in Australia at which the ship is registered; and ("c") the system of wireless telegraphy to be used on the ship. (2) Before granting the licence the Minister may require the applicant to furnish such additional particulars as he thinks necessary. Condition as to Syntony, etc.. 7. Before any licence is granted, the applicant must satisfy the Minister that the wireless telegraphy apparatus or appliances to be worked in pursuance of the licence complies with the Regulations for the time being in force governing syntony and wave length. Licence to be in Triplicate.. 8"." (1) Every licence shall be made out in triplicate, and two parts shall be issued to the licensee and the other retained in the Department of the Navy. (2) Before the licence is issued to the applicant he shall execute the part of the licence to be retained in the Department. Renewal of a Licence.. 9. (1) A licence may be renewed by writing thereon or attaching thereto a memorandum stating the period for which it is renewed. (2) The memorandum of renewal must be signed by the Minister or by the Naval Secretary. (3) The renewal may be made at any time within one month before or one month after the expiry of the licence. (4) The memorandum is to be written on each part of the licence, but in the case of the licensee’s parts it shall be in the form of a receipt for the renewal fee signed by the Minister or by the Naval Secretary, which receipt is to be attached by the licensee to his part. Revocation of Licence.. 10. The Minister may, by notice in writing, revoke and. determine any licence, on the ground of the licensee having failed to comply with any Regulation for the time being in force under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1915, or on any other ground specified in the licence. Powers of Inspection.. 11. The Naval Board or any person authorized in writing by the Naval Board may at all reasonable times enter upon any ship station on which wireless telegraphy appliances are installed, or are in course of being installed, in pursuance of a licence, and may inspect such appliances and the working and user thereof. Communications between Ship and Land Stations.. 12. When communications are made by means of wireless telegraphy between a ship (whether British, foreign, or Australian) in territorial waters and a wireless telegraph station on land, the rules in force for the working of wireless telegraphy at that station shall be observed. Application of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and Regulations.. 13. The provisions of the Radiotelegraphic Convention and the Service Regulations for the time being in force thereunder, so far as such Convention and Regulations are applicable, shall apply to all wireless telegraphy installations available for the transmission or receipt of private messages, whether installed by the Commonwealth or under licence, and whether at land stations or ship stations, and to all messages handled by such installations, and every licensee shall comply therewith. Appliances to be Worked so as to Avoid Interference with other Appliances.. 14. (1) The wireless telegraphy appliances on board any ship (whether an Australian ship, a British ship, or a foreign ship) in territorial waters shall be worked in such a way as not to interrupt or interfere with— ("a") Naval or Military signalling; or ("b") the transmission of messages between other wireless telegraph stations. (2) In this Regulation Naval or Military signalling includes signalling or communicating, by means of any system of wireless telegraphy, by the King’s Imperial or Dominion Naval or Military Forces. Appliances not to be Worked while Ship Moored to any Wharf or Pier.. 15. Except by permission of the Naval Board, the wireless telegraphy appliances on board any Australian ship, British ship, or foreign ship (other than a ship of war) shall not be worked or used while the ship is moored to any wharf or pier in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth. Application of Defence Regulations to Foreign Ships of War in Harbors.. 16. The use of wireless telegraphy appliances, on board any foreign ship of war while in any harbor in Australia or any territory of the Commonwealth, shall be subject to such rules (whether prohibitive or regulative) as the Governor-General may think fit to make. Powers of Governor-General in Emergencies.. 17. If at any time an emergency has arisen in which it is expedient that the Commonwealth Government should have control over the transmission of all messages by wireless telegraphy, the Governor-General may by notice in the "Gazette" prohibit for such period as he thinks necessary the use of wireless telegraphy on board foreign ships in territorial waters. Control of Communications and Appliances in Emergencies.. 18. (1) In case of emergency, the Naval Board or any officer in command of any ship of war of His Majesty’s Navy (whether Imperial or Dominion), or any officer in command of any part of the Defence Force, may— ("a") take possession of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed on any ship in pursuance of a licence, and use such appliances for the King’s service; or ("b") place any person in control of any such appliances; or ("c") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to submit to him all or any messages tendered for transmission or received by means of such appliances; or ("d") stop or delay or direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to stop or delay the transmission or delivery of any such messages or to deliver them to him; or ("e") direct the licensee or person in charge of such appliances to comply with all such directions as he thinks fit to give with reference to the transmission or receipt of messages by means of such appliances. (2) Every licensee and every person in charge of any wireless telegraphy appliances installed in pursuance of a licence shall comply with this Regulation, and all directions issued in pursuance thereof. (3) Reasonable compensation shall be payable to the licensee for any damage to the appliances arising in consequence of the exercise of the powers conferred by this Regulation. (4) The Minister may notwithstanding anything contained in a licence issued to a licensee under the Wireless Telegraphy Regulations 1916 by order published in the "Gazette," prohibit for such time as he directs any licensee from communicating with any radiotelegraph station licensed by, or belonging to, or in any country which is at war with His Majesty the King or the possessions thereof. (5) Any order under sub-regulation (4) of this Regulation may prohibit all communications whatever or may prohibit communications to particular stations or under special circumstances. Operators’ Proficiency Certificates.. 19. (1) Every ship station in respect of which a licence is issued must be operated by a person or persons holding a certificate of competency or certificates of competency issued by the Naval board after examination, or by the Postmaster-General of the United Kingdom, or by the proper authority in any part of the British Empire. (2) Certificates of competency shall only be issued to natural-born British subjects, and shall be of two classes, namely: — ("a") 1st class—issued to persons over 18 years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than 20 words per minute; and ("b") 2nd class—issued to persons over 18 years of age capable of receiving and transmitting by sound at a speed which must not be less than 12 words per minute. (3) A fee of Ten shillings shall be paid by the candidate on each occasion on which such candidate is examined. A certificate of competency may be issued at a charge of Five shillings to each candidate who satisfactorily passes the prescribed examination, and in the event of a certificate being lost a fee of Ten shillings shall be paid for the first copy of such certificate, One pound for the second copy and Two pounds for any subsequent copies. In case of failure a candidate shall not be re-examined in any system or under any circumstances until after the lapse of three months. Use of Wireless Telegraphy for Military Purposes.. 20. These Regulations shall not prevent the use, without licence, by the military authorities of wireless telegraphy for military purposes. Provided that each wireless telegraphy installation (other than a mere temporary installation) to be used shall be authorized in writing by the Naval Board. Charges.. 21. The total charges for messages transmitted and received for any duly authorized Wireless Station within the Commonwealth or licensed under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1915 shall include:— ("a") the coast charge which belongs to the coast station; ("b") the ship charge which belongs to the ship station; ("c") the charge for transmission over the lines of the telegraph system (where necessary); and ("d") delivery charges (where necessary). 22. The rates for messages transmitted to or received from ship stations shall be as follows: — (1) For ordinary messages— ("a") Coast station transmitting or receiving charge— (i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 3d. per word; (ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, 6d. per word. ("b") Ship station transmitting or receiving charges— (i) Radiotelegrams to or from ships licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 2d. per word; (ii) Radiotelegrams to or from other ships, not exceeding 4d. per word. ("c") Land line charge 1d. per word. (2) For press messages— ("a") Coast station transmitting or receiving charge— 1½d. per word. ("b") Ship station transmitting or receiving charge— Not exceeding 4d. per word, as determined by the ship authorities concerned; ("c") Land line charge, 1/3d. per word, odd fractions of one penny to be reckoned as one penny. (3) For messages to or from ships of the British or Australian Navies— ("a")For official messages— (i) There shall be no coast station charge. (ii) There shall be no ship station charge. (iii) Land line charge, 1d. per word. ("b") For private messages— The rates and conditions shown in sub-Regulation (1) of this Regulation shall apply. (4) For messages consisting of reports to Lloyd’s agents concerning marine casualties and overdue vessels: — ("a") Coast station charge, 6d. per word. ("b") Land line charge, 1d. per word. The charges for these messages shall be collected from the addressee. (5) The charge for relaying radiotelegrams, irrespective of the number of coast stations concerned in the relaying, shall be: — ("a") When the ships of origin and of destination are both licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 4d. per word; ("b") When only one of the ships concerned or when neither of the ships concerned is licensed in Australia or New Zealand, 7d. per word. 23. (1) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on islands within the Commonwealth Administration or between any stations established on such islands except Flinders Island and King Island shall be— ("a") For ordinary messages one penny per word per radio station involved, plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth. ("b") For press messages— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth. (2) The rates for messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania and stations established on King and Flinders Islands shall be— ("a") For ordinary messages one halfpenny per word per radio station involved, with a minimum of One shilling per message plus ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth; ("b") For press messages— plus ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth. (3) For messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania at times when the local telegraph offices are closed, the rates shall be 3d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for telegrams within the Commonwealth, for such land line handling as is involved. (4) For press messages exchanged between stations established on the Australian mainland or in Tasmania at times when the local telegraph offices are closed, the rates shall be 1d. per word plus the ordinary land line charges for press telegrams within the Commonwealth, for such land line handling as is involved. (5) The rates for the radiotelegraphic transmission of deferred and week-end telegrams shall be one-half and one-quarter of the ordinary rates respectively. (6) Delivery charges, if any, shall in all cases be paid by the addressee. 24. (1) Radiotelegrams conveying Christmas or New Year greetings may be lodged at any telegraph office in the Commonwealth for transmission to New Zealand or to vessels registered in Australia or New Zealand. In addition to the address and signature, such radiotelegrams may contain a text consisting of any one of the following phrases: — ("a") “Christmas greetings.” ("b") “New Year greetings.” ("c") “Compliments of the season.” (2) The total charge for such radiotelegrams shall be: — ("a") For these addressed to New Zealand, 4s. ("b") For these addressed to vessels registered in Australia or New Zealand, 3s. (3) Radiotelegrams containing the text “Christmas greetings” must be lodged on or before 23rd December, and these containing the text “New Year’s greetings” or “Compliments of the season” must be lodged on or before 28th December. 25. The total charge for messages transmitted to or from ships shall be paid by the sender. Press Radiotelegrams for Publication on Ships.. 26. (1) Press radiotelegrams for publication on ships shall be addressed to the commander of a ship, or to a newspaper published on board a ship, and shall bear in the address the words “for publication,” which words shall be charged for at press rates. (2) The information contained in such press radiotelegrams must either be published in a ship’s newspaper or posted on a ship’s public notice board, (3) Press radiotelegrams shall, subject to this Regulation, comply with the provisions of Articles 65 and 66 of the detailed Regulations attached to the International Telegraph Convention. Refunds.. 27. The full charge for a radiotelegram will be refunded when such radiotelegram is rendered useless through a fault of the telegraph service, and the full charge, less land-line charges, will be refunded when a radiotelegram cannot be delivered on account of the ship of destination having passed out of range. Transmission of Shipping Intelligence by Telephone.. 28. Information received at a coast station from vessels at sea, indicating the noon or midnight position, will be communicated by telephone to the owners or agents of such vessels on payment of One shilling per communication. Ocean Forecasts and Weather Reports.. 29. Ocean forecasts sent by the Commonwealth Meteorologist will be transmitted from radiotelegraph stations owned, operated, and maintained by or on behalf of the Minister to vessels at sea, and weather reports received at such radiotelegraph stations from vessels at sea, and addressed to the Commonwealth Meteorologist, will be transmitted, on payment of the following charges: — For each communication not exceeding 20 words, 2s.; for each additional word, 1d.; plus one penny per word land line charge. Repeal.. 30. All Regulations previously made under the "Wireless Telegraphy Act" 1905–1915, and in force at the commencement of these Regulations, are hereby repealed save as to any right, privilege or obligation acquired, accrued, or incurred thereunder.

Skript+/If, Else statements. Next, you are looking for If, Else statements... The If statement looks like this: And for the Else statement: Example. This is a example how you can use both the If and Else statements together:

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What You Should Know About Medicines/Liquid Solution. Liquid solutions are one of the common forms of medications used to administer drugs to patients. They are widely used for various purposes, including oral ingestion, topical application, and intravenous (IV) administration. Here are some essential points you should know about medicines in liquid solution form: Definition:. A liquid solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more drugs dissolved in a liquid solvent. The drug is dispersed uniformly throughout the liquid, ensuring an even distribution of the active ingredient. Types of Liquid Solution. Oral Solutions:. These are meant to be taken by mouth and are usually flavored to improve taste and patient compliance. Topical Solutions:. Applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes, often used for local treatment of skin conditions or for eye and ear infections. Intravenous (IV) Solutions:. Administered directly into the bloodstream, providing rapid drug delivery and immediate effects. Dosage Accuracy:. Liquid solutions offer precise dosing options, which can be especially crucial for medications with narrow therapeutic windows, where small variations in dose can significantly impact effectiveness or cause adverse effects. Onset of Action:. Depending on the route of administration, liquid solutions can have varying onset times. For instance, IV solutions provide rapid action since the drug is directly infused into the bloodstream. Storage:. Proper storage is vital for maintaining the stability and effectiveness of liquid medications. Some solutions may require refrigeration, while others can be stored at room temperature. Always follow the storage instructions provided by the pharmacist or on the medication label. Shake Well Before Use:. Some liquid medications may separate into layers when sitting idle. To ensure uniformity in dosing, always shake the bottle well before using the medication. Measuring Devices:. Liquid solutions are usually dispensed with a specific measuring device like a calibrated dropper, syringe, or measuring cup. It's essential to use the provided measuring device to ensure accurate dosing. Patient Specifics:. When prescribing or administering liquid medications, it's crucial to consider factors such as the patient's age, weight, medical history, and any allergies they might have. Dosages can differ based on these factors. Special Considerations:.    - For pediatric patients, liquid medications are often preferred because they can be easier to swallow.    - In some cases, liquid formulations may be used when a particular drug is not available in solid form or when patients have difficulty swallowing pills.    - Certain liquid medications contain alcohol or sugar, so patients with specific health conditions should be cautious and consult their healthcare provider if needed.

AI Art Generation Handbook/How to install Stable Diffusion/Auto1111. Steps to Install Automatic1111 for (Updated July 2023). (1) Ensure your PC meet the basic requirements (2) Download Python 3.10.10 ← Link here (3) During the first page of installation wizard, remember to check Add Python 3.10 To PATH (4) Proceed the rest of installation as per usual (5) Download Git Version Control ← Link here (6) Install using the default settings (8) At the address bar, type cmd (9) At Command Shell window shall prompt and type codice_1 (10) Wait for few minutes for it download the Auto1111 files (11) Click codice_2 inside the installed codice_3 directory (12) Wait up to half an hour for it to finished download and install the required libraries , files and SD 1.5 model. (13)It should shows similar screen upon successful installations *New* SDXL 1.0 related instructions. (14) Click to download both of the models codice_4 SDXL 1.0 Model Base (Used for text2img) ( Note: Click next to sd_xl_refiner_1.0.safetensors ) SDXL 1.0 Refiner Base (Used for img2img) ( Note: Click next to sd_xl_base_1.0.safetensors ) (15) Download the VAE models SDXL1.0 VAE (Note: Click next to sdxl_vae.safetensors ) (16) Enable VAE toolbar in Webui (16) Once finished installation, you can customized the launcher as followed. codice_5 @echo off echo A111111111111111111111111111111111111111111A echo 1         Stable-Diffusion WebUI           1 echo 1          By : Automatic1111              1 echo 1    (and countless other contributors)    1 echo 1                  2023                    1 echo 1                                          1 echo A111111111111111111111111111111111111111111A echo     Press following keys to proceed echo "1" - Proceed as normal echo "2" - !Update to the latest version Stable Diffusion Web-UI echo       Make sure the update does not break the existing Stable Diffusion CHOICE /C:12 IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO GITPULL IF ERRORLEVEL 1 GOTO WEBUI git pull GOTO WEBUI set PYTHON= set GIT= set VENV_DIR= set COMMANDLINE_ARGS= --opt-sdp-attention call webui.bat pause GOTO END GOTO END