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In this task, you are given a text from a social media post. Your task is to classify the given post into two categories: 1) yes if the given post is intentionally offensive, 2) no, otherwise. Also, generate label 'no' for offensive statements that appear to be unintentional, or non-offensive statements that are underhandedly offensive. Warning: the examples and instances may contain offensive language.
[EX Q]: RT @nrana777: girl logic: "if I say bye I don't actually mean it"
then don't fucken say bye you dumb bitch.
[EX A]: Yes
[EX Q]: The people who have historically been called white trash were called that for a reason. They're white trash. The truth hurts.
[EX A]: Yes
[EX Q]: Going to California today for some analyzer training. Going into Dick Whitman mode. Wish I had a tan colored suit to wear for the flight.
[EX A]: No
| task607_sbic_intentional_offense_binary_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task607_sbic_intentional_offense_binary_classification-fs_opt | en |
Given a scientific question and its correct answer, generate supporting facts for the answer. This supporting fact can be an explanation for the answer to the given question.
--------
Question: Question: What composition determines both eruption type and volcano type? Answer: magma
Answer: Magma composition determines both eruption type and volcano type.
Question: Question: What is the name of the layer above the mesosphere? Answer: thermosphere
Answer: The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere. It rises to 600 kilometers (372 miles) above the surface. The International Space Station and other space stations orbit Earth in this layer.
Question: Question: Electromagnetic specturm is the full spectrum of raidant energy, which is energy emitted and transmitted as what? Answer: waves
Answer: The noble gases are characterized by their high ionization energies and low electron affinities.
| task593_sciq_explanation_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task593_sciq_explanation_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given a scientific question, generate an incorrect answer to the given question. The incorrect answer should be a plausible alternative to the correct answer. The answer should be some other item belonging to the same category as the correct answer but should be incorrect.
Example: What are arteries, veins, and capillaries examples of?
Example solution: tissue
Example explanation: Blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries. Tissue is a combination of cells.
Problem: Friendly bacteria live mostly in the large intestine and part of the small intestine, because what organ is too acidic?
Solution: skin | task592_sciq_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task592_sciq_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You will be given a text in the Russian language, and you should classify the given input text to one of the emotion labels from this list of emotion labels- ['joy', 'sadness', 'surprise', 'fear', 'anger']. Make sure your output label (i) is strictly present in the given list of emotion labels. (ii) is unambiguous.
Кому они так необходимы, эти страдания?» А у меня спина болит, ходить больно :(
Solution: sadness
Why? The input text states the suffering of a person who is unable to walk as his back hurts. There is an emotion of 'sadness' in this text. So, the input text is labeled correctly as 'sadness'.
New input: коварные вы однако люди, но я с вами что бы вы не задумали)
Solution: joy | task1662_cedr_ru_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1662_cedr_ru_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you have to generate the title of the recipe given its required ingredients and directions.
Let me give you an example: ingredients: '1 cup minced onion', '1 1/2 tablespoons lemon juice', '3/4 teaspoon Hungarian paprika', '3/4 teaspoon ground cayenne pepper', '1/4 teaspoon salt', <sep> directions: 'Rinse onions in sieve under cold running water; drain.', 'Mix together ingredients in a small bowl; allow flavors to meld over 1 hour period before serving.', 'Serve as table condiment with Indian foods, samosas, pakoras, along with other chutneys.'
The answer to this example can be: Indian Hot Onion Relish
Here is why: By knowing the ingredients and its recipe, the title of the dish is predicted correctly.
OK. solve this:
ingredients: '1 kg watermelon rind, all traces of pink removed and the green skin peeled off. Cut the rind into 2 cm cubes', 'water', '800 g sugar', '2 pieces cinnamon bark', '1 piece lemon peel, thin strip', '30 ml lemon juice', '60 ml honey', '125 g almonds, toasted',<sep> directions: 'Place the rind cubes in a perserving pan and cover with cold water.', 'Bring to the boil and simmer for one hour or until the rind is translucent. Drain.', 'Place 750 ml of water in a pan with sugar, cinnamon, lemon, half the lemon juice and the honey.', 'Stir over gentle heat until the sugar dissolves and bring to the boil, skim when necessary.', 'Add the drained watermelon rind, return to the boil and boil gently for 15 minutes.', 'Remove from the heat, cover and leave for 12 hours or overnight.', 'Return to the boil over medium heat and boil until the syrup thickens when tested on a cold saucer.', 'Remove cinnamon and lemon peel.', 'Add remaining lemon juice and toasted almonds.', 'Boil one minute and then ladle into warm sterilized jars.', 'Seal when cold.'
Answer: Glyko Karpouzi - Watermelon Preserve | task569_recipe_nlg_text_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task569_recipe_nlg_text_generation-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a context, a question, three options, and an answer. Your task is to classify whether the given answer is correct or not by providing 'Yes' or 'No', based on the context with commonsense reasoning about social situations.
See one example below:
Problem: Context: Tracy didn't go home that evening and resisted Riley's attacks.
Question: What does Tracy need to do before this?
Options: (A) make a new plan (B) Go home and see Riley (C) Find somewhere to go
Answer: C
Solution: Yes
Explanation: Tracy finds somewhere to go and didn't come home because she has to resist Riley's attacks. So, C is the correct answer.
Problem: Context: Seeing that Austin was upset about the situation, Taylor read Austin's mind.
Question: What does Taylor need to do before this?
Options: (A) support Austin in her hard time (B) ignore Austin (C) upset
Answer: A
Solution: No | task579_socialiqa_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task579_socialiqa_classification-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given two sets, and you need to count the number of elements at the union of two given sets. A Set is shown by two curly braces and comma-separated numbers inside, like {1, 2, 3}. Union of two given sets is the smallest set which contains all the elements of both the sets. To find the union of two given sets, A and B is a set that consists of all the elements of A and all the elements of B such that no element is repeated.
PROBLEM: Set1: '{15}', Set2: '{2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 20}'. How many elements are there in the union of Set1 and Set2 ?
SOLUTION: 10
PROBLEM: Set1: '{2, 4, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 20}', Set2: '{2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 17, 19, 20}'. How many elements are there in the union of Set1 and Set2 ?
SOLUTION: 11
PROBLEM: Set1: '{1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 16, 17, 18}', Set2: '{8, 12, 13, 15, 19, 20}'. How many elements are there in the union of Set1 and Set2 ?
SOLUTION: 14
| task244_count_elements_in_set_union | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task244_count_elements_in_set_union-fs_opt | en |
In this task you will be given a list of integers. You should find the maximum absolute difference between 2 integers in the list. The absolute difference is the absolute value of one integer subtracted by another. The output should be a single integer which is the largest possible absolute distance.
Input: Consider Input: [-47, 13, -50, 84, 38, -12]
Output: 134
Input: Consider Input: [56, -10, -66, 100, 41, -4, 96]
Output: 166
Input: Consider Input: [99, -87, -61, 44, 95, 17]
Output: 186
| task1446_farthest_integers | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1446_farthest_integers-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be presented with a text and a pronoun. You should write the name that the pronoun refers to. Position of the pronoun in the text is showed within two "_"s.
--------
Question: Campbell in 1936, and moved with him to Arlington, Virginia, where she helped raise his two children, and they would have three sons together. Rev. Edmund D. Campbell, Jr. predeceased his long-lived mother, but the twins H. Donald Campbell and Rev. Benjamin P. Campbell and their sister Virginia Campbell Holt survived _her_, as well did nine grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Answer: Campbell
Question: She then went on to study accounting at the University of Alaska and simultaneously worked at Wien Alaska Airlines to pay her way through school. On 29 October 1954, she married Hugh Fate, Jr., who would become a dentist and Native Americans rights activist. The couple had three daughters, Janine, Jennifer and Julie. After _her_ marriage, Fate returned to work at Wien Alaska Airlines. <sep>, Pronoun: her
Answer: Fate
Question: Close starred in Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her in the same year, this would be one of many future collaborations with director Rodrigo Garcia. In 2004, she played Claire Wellington, an uptight socialite in the comedy The Stepford Wives opposite Nicole Kidman and Christopher Walken. _She_ provided the voice of the Blue Fairy in the English version of Pinocchio (2002) and Granny in the animated film Hoodwinked (2005). <sep>, Pronoun: She
Answer: Claire Wellington
| task330_gap_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task330_gap_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
Given a sentence in the Japanese and Filipino language. Your task is check if the Filipino sentence is translation of Japanese. if the translation is correct than generate label "Yes", otherwise generate label "No".
question:
Japanese: 最初の検察官により弁護団からの証拠が差し控えられたため、米国司法省は前アラスカ州上院議員テッド・スティーブンスに対し、贈収賄容疑で退任するよう求めた。
Filipino: Humingi ang United States Department of Justice na ibasura ang paghahablang katiwalian laban kay dating Senador Ted Stevens ng Alaska dahil ang mga ebidensya ay ayaw ibigay sa pangkat ng tagapagtanggol ng orihinal na mga taga-usig.
answer:
Yes
question:
Japanese: 従業員は、フォーラムのコースに異議を唱えた後、解雇されるか沈黙するよう圧力をかけられたと語った。
Filipino: Sinabi ng mga empleyado na sila ay tinanggal o pinilit na magbitiw matapos na sila ay sumalungat sa kurso ng Pagtitipon.
answer:
Yes
question:
Japanese: 警察はタイマーの部品が見つかったかどうか肯定も否定もしないが、「どんな装置も粉々になっているだろう」と言った。
Filipino: Si Harabe, ang kaisa-isang pangsampung tao na kakatawan para sa kanyang bansa sa Paligsahan, ay unang beses na maglalaro sa Paligsahan ng Paralympic.
answer:
No
| task1120_alt_ja_fil_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1120_alt_ja_fil_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task you will be given a list of numbers. You should remove any number that is not an integer (whole number). If every number is not an whole number then an empty list ("[]") should be returned. Otherwise, answer with the list of whole numbers separated by comma inside brackets.
Example input: [73.059, 7, 10.659, 18.459, 11]
Example output: [7, 11]
Example explanation: 7 and 11 are the only whole numbers in the list.
Q: [-43, 8.019, -12.006, 24, 2.362, 96, 21, 27, 80, -6.769, -83]
A: [-43, 24, 96, 21, 27, 80, -83] | task367_synthetic_remove_floats | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task367_synthetic_remove_floats-fs_opt | en |
Given a part of privacy policy text, identify the type of personal information which is collected, used, tracked or retained. The type of information should be present inside the given policy text, answer as 'Not Specified' otherwise
Example input: The site collects your cookies or tracking elements for a basic service or feature. Collection happens in an unspecified way, and your data is aggregated or anonymized.
Example output: Cookies and tracking elements
Example explanation: The type of user information collected is clearly stated in the given policy text as 'cookies or tracking elements'
Q: The site collects your location information for marketing purposes. Collection happens in the mobile app. You can make a choice about the use of your information.
A: Location | task684_online_privacy_policy_text_information_type_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task684_online_privacy_policy_text_information_type_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given an Amazon review, indicate whether it is a 'Positive Review' or 'Negative Review'.
[EX Q]: I didnt purchase this item because it was not compatible with my machine thats why I returened it.<br />So can't coment
[EX A]: Negative Review
[EX Q]: Skinomi TechSkins fit great and perform great. The first few I got were scary to put on, but now it's easy. I use these for all my devices.
[EX A]: Positive Review
[EX Q]: Works as expected and is nice and compact. As a surprise bonus, the package includes a plastic enclosure to hold a hard drive
[EX A]: Positive Review
| task1343_amazon_us_reviews_rating | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1343_amazon_us_reviews_rating-fs_opt | en |
You are given a statement written in Gujarati. Choose the most logical word from the given 4 options which can be used to replace the <MASK> token in the statement. Output the word from the correct option .
Let me give you an example: Statement: માલ (તા. છોટાઉદેપુર) <MASK> દેશના પશ્ચિમ ભાગમાં આવેલા ગુજરાત રાજ્યના મધ્ય ભાગમાં આવેલા છોટાઉદેપુર જિલ્લામાં આવેલા છોટાઉદેપુર તાલુકામાં આવેલું એક ગામ છે. માલ ગામના લોકોનો મુખ્ય વ્યવસાય ખેતી, ખેતમજૂરી તેમ જ પશુપાલન છે. આ ગામમાં મુખ્યત્વે મકાઈ, તુવર તેમ જ શાકભાજીના પાકની ખેતી કરવામાં આવે છે. આ ગામમાં પ્રાથમિક શાળા, પંચાયતઘર, આંગણવાડી તેમ જ દૂધની ડેરી જેવી સવલતો પ્રાપ્ય થયેલી છે.
Option A: આંગણવાડી
Option B: પંચાયતઘર
Option C: ભારત
Option D: કોલંબિયા
The answer to this example can be: ભારત
Here is why: The most suitable word from the given options to replace the <MASK> token is 'ભારત' , as the village mentioned is located in India .
OK. solve this:
Statement: ભારતના 1857ના વિપ્લવ પછી દિલ્હી બ્રિટિશના સીધા નિયંત્રણ હેઠળ આવ્યું. વિપ્લવના પછી થોડા જ સમયમાં, <MASK>ને બ્રિટિશ રાજ હેઠળના ભારતની રાજધાની અને દિલ્હીને પંજાબનું જિલ્લા-મથક ઘોષિત કરવામાં આવ્યા. 1911માં દિલ્હીને બ્રિટિશ ભારતની રાજધાની ઘોષિત કરવામાં આવ્યું અને એડવિન લુત્યેન્સની આગેવાનીમાં બ્રિશિટ સ્થપતિઓની એક ટીમે એક નવી રાજકીય અને વહીવટી રાજધાનીમાં સરકારી ઈમારતો કેવી રીતે ગોઠવાશે તે ડિઝાઈન કર્યું. લુત્યેન્સની દિલ્હી નામે પણ જાણીતું નવી દિલ્હી, 15 ઑગસ્ટ, 1947ના સ્વતંત્રતા મળ્યા પછી પણ પ્રજાસત્તાક ભારતની રાજધાની અને ભારત સરકારના મુખ્ય થાણા તરીકે કાયદેસર રીતે ઘોષિત કરવામાં આવ્યું.
Option A: કલકત્તા
Option B: ભારત
Option C: ચંદીગઢ
Option D: આગ્રા
Answer: કલકત્તા | task946_wiki_cloze_gu_multiple_choice_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task946_wiki_cloze_gu_multiple_choice_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
Classify the given a piece of financial news into three classes: positive, negative, and neutral. Output must be 'positive', 'negative', or 'neutral'.
Example: According to Gran , the company has no plans to move all production to Russia , although that is where the company is growing .
Example solution: neutral
Example explanation: Although the author uses negative words like 'no' in the news, there is no evidence of the news being positive or negative for any stakeholder. Hence, the output should be neutral and the classification is correct.
Problem: ` This order is included in Wartsila 's order book in the second quarter , ' the company added .
Solution: neutral | task843_financial_phrasebank_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task843_financial_phrasebank_classification-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you need to count the number of words in a sentence that contain the given letter
question:
Sentence: 'the jet is flying through the sky during the day'. How many words contain the letter 'i' in the sentence.
answer:
3
question:
Sentence: 'ancient pottery being displayed on an exhibit case'. How many words contain the letter 's' in the sentence.
answer:
2
question:
Sentence: 'a black dog in a living room with a hardwood floor'. How many words contain the letter 'z' in the sentence.
answer:
0
| task161_count_words_containing_letter | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task161_count_words_containing_letter-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
Context: Joanne McLeod is a Canadian figure skating coach. She is the skating director at the Champs International Skating Centre of BC (formerly known as the BC Centre of Excellence). Here current and former students include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Kevin Reynolds, Jeremy Ten, Nam Nguyen, and many others. In 2012, McLeod became the first level 5 certified figure skating coach in British Columbia., Victor Kraatz, MSC (born April 7, 1971) is a Canadian former ice dancer. In 2003, he and his partner, Shae-Lynn Bourne, became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship., Allie Hann-McCurdy (born May 23, 1987 in Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a Canadian ice dancer. McCurdy began skating at age eight and was a singles skater until age 12 when she switched to ice dancing. In 2003 she teamed up with Michael Coreno, with whom she was the 2010 Four Continents silver medalist and the 2008 Canadian bronze medalist. The pair retired in June 2010, to coach at the Gloucester Skating Club., Maikki Uotila - Kraatz ( born 25 February 1977 ) is a Finnish ice dancer . She is a former Finnish national champion with Toni Mattila . She married Victor Kraatz on June 19 , 2004 . The two coach in Vancouver , where they are the ice dancing directors at the BC Centre of Excellence . She and Kraatz have two sons , born September 14 , 2006 and July 10 , 2010 ., Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, located immediately to the east of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by nearby Surrey and Vancouver., Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton., British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska., The "Champs International Skating Centre of British Columbia" (formerly known as the 'BC Centre of Excellence') is one of two major figure skating training centers in Canada. Located in Burnaby, British Columbia, it is home to many great national and international skaters. The programs there are overseen by a staff, including Joanne McLeod, who coaches 3-time Canadian men's national champion Emanuel Sandhu; Bruno Marcotte, who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics; Victor Kraatz, the 2003 World Champion in ice dancing, and Maikki Uotila, who was a national champion in Finland. The center operates out of Canlan Ice Sports Burnaby 8 Rinks. Notable skaters who train there include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Allie Hann-McCurdy & Michael Coreno, Jessica Millar & Ian Moram, Jeremy Ten, and Kevin Reynolds. This skating school is sometimes known as a training site for international competitors to practice for competitions in Vancouver. Champs International hosts its annual competition known as the BC/YK SummerSkate Competition every August., Shae-Lynn Bourne, MSC (born January 24, 1976) is a Canadian ice dancer. In 2003, she and partner Victor Kraatz became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship. They competed at three Winter Olympic Games, placing 10th at the 1994 Winter Olympics, 4th at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and 4th at the 2002 Winter Olympics., Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province., Subject: maikki uotila, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) american (B) british (C) canada (D) finland (E) montreal
Solution: finland
Why? This is a good example, as maikki uotila is citizen of the finland.
New input: Context: A biopsy is a medical test commonly performed by a surgeon, interventional radiologist, or an interventional cardiologist involving extraction of sample cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically. When an entire lump or suspicious area is removed, the procedure is called an excisional biopsy. When only a sample of tissue is removed with preservation of the histological architecture of the tissues cells, the procedure is called an incisional biopsy or core biopsy. When a sample of tissue or fluid is removed with a needle in such a way that cells are removed without preserving the histological architecture of the tissue cells, the procedure is called a needle aspiration biopsy. Biopsies are most commonly performed for insight into possible cancerous and inflammatory conditions., Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). A cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and feeling tired all the time.
Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders. Some risk factors include diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Dietary factors that increase the risk include red and processed meat as well as alcohol. Another risk factor is inflammatory bowel disease, which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer; however, these represent less than 5% of cases. It typically starts as a benign tumor, often in the form of a polyp, which over time becomes cancerous.
Bowel cancer may be diagnosed by obtaining a sample of the colon during a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. This is then followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread. Screening is effective for preventing and decreasing deaths from colorectal cancer. Screening is recommended starting from the age of 50 to 75. During colonoscopy, small polyps may be removed if found. If a large polyp or tumor is found, a biopsy may be performed to check if it is cancerous. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk. Their general use is not recommended for this purpose, however, due to side effects.
Treatments used for colorectal cancer may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon may be curable with surgery while cancer that has spread widely are usually not curable, with management being directed towards improving quality of life and symptoms. Five year survival rates in the United States are around 65%. This, however, depends on how advanced the cancer is, whether or not all the cancer can be removed with surgery, and the person's overall health. Globally, colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer making up about 10% of all cases. In 2012, there were 1.4 million new cases and 694,000 deaths from the disease. It is more common in developed countries, where more than 65% of cases are found. It is less common in women than men., Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease. Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging., The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference (NFC) and the American Football Conference (AFC). The NFL is one of the four major professional sports leagues in North America, and the highest professional level of American football in the world. The NFL's 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games and having one bye week. Following the conclusion of the regular season, six teams from each conference (four division winners and two wild card teams) advance to the playoffs, a single-elimination tournament culminating in the Super Bowl, played between the champions of the NFC and AFC., Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and feeling tired. Other symptoms may include bone pain, chest pain, or itchiness. Some forms are slow growing while others are fast growing.
Lymphomas are types of cancer that develops from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. Risk factors include poor immune function, autoimmune diseases, "Helicobacter pylori" infection, hepatitis C, obesity, and "Epstein-Barr virus" infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies lymphomas into five major groups, including one for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Within the four groups for NHL there are over 60 specific types of lymphoma. Diagnosis is by examination of a bone marrow or lymph node biopsy. Medical imaging is done to help with cancer staging.
Treatment depends on if the lymphoma is slow or fast growing and if it is in one area or many areas. Treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplantation, surgery, or watchful waiting. If the blood becomes overly thick due to antibodies, plasmapheresis may be used. Radiation and some chemotherapy, however, increase the risk of other cancers, heart disease or nerve problems over the subsequent decades.
In 2013 about 2.96 million people had non-Hodgkin lymphoma and 226,000 died. In the United States 2.1% of people are affected at some point in their life. The most common age of diagnosis is between 65 to 75 years old. The percentage of people who survive five years in the United States is 71%., Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach. Early symptoms may include heartburn, upper abdominal pain, nausea and loss of appetite. Later signs and symptoms may include weight loss, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, and blood in the stool among others. The cancer may spread from the stomach to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes.
The most common cause is infection by the bacterium "Helicobacter pylori", which accounts for more than 60% of cases. Certain types of "H. pylori" have greater risks than others. Other common causes include eating pickled vegetables and smoking. About 10% of cases run in families and between 1% and 3% of cases are due to genetic syndromes inherited from a person's parents such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer. Most cases of stomach cancers are gastric carcinomas. This type can be divided into a number of subtypes. Lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors may also develop in the stomach. Most of the time, stomach cancer develops in stages over years. Diagnosis is usually by biopsy done during endoscopy. This is followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread to other parts of the body. Japan and South Korea, two countries that have high rates of the disease, screen for stomach cancer.
A Mediterranean diet lowers the risk of cancer as does the stopping of smoking. There is tentative evidence that treating "H. pylori" decreases the future risk. If cancer is treated early, many cases can be cured. Treatments may include some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. If treated late, palliative care may be advised. Outcomes are often poor with a less than 10% 5-year survival rate globally. This is largely because most people with the condition present with advanced disease. In the United States 5-year survival is 28% while in South Korea it is over 65% partly due to screening efforts.
Globally stomach cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer and the third leading cause of death from cancer making up 7% of cases and 9% of deaths. In 2012 it occurred in 950,000 people and caused 723,000 deaths. Before the 1930s in much of the world, including most Western developed countries, it was the most common cause of death from cancer. Rates of death have been decreasing in many areas of the world since then. This is believed to be due to the eating of less salted and pickled foods as a result of the development of refrigeration as a method of keeping food fresh. Stomach cancer occurs most commonly in East Asia and Eastern Europe. It occurs twice as often in males as in females., Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue and/or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss can either occur unintentionally due to malnourishment or an underlying disease or arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state. "Unexplained" weight loss that is not caused by reduction in calorific intake or exercise is called cachexia and may be a symptom of a serious medical condition. Intentional weight loss is commonly referred to as slimming., The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Steelers compete in the National Football League (NFL), as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) North division. Founded in , the Steelers are the oldest franchise in the AFC., The five-year survival rate is a type of survival rate for estimating the prognosis of a particular disease, normally calculated from the point of diagnosis. Lead time bias from earlier diagnosis can affect interpretation of the five-year survival rate., Surgery (from the "cheirourgik" (composed of , "hand", and , "work"), via , meaning "hand work") is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, to help improve bodily function or appearance or to repair unwanted ruptured areas (for example, a perforated ear drum)., Radiation therapy or radiotherapy, often abbreviated RT, RTx, or XRT, is therapy using ionizing radiation, generally as part of cancer treatment to control or kill malignant cells and normally delivered by a linear accelerator. Radiation therapy may be curative in a number of types of cancer if they are localized to one area of the body. It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers. The subspecialty of oncology concerned with radiotherapy is called radiation oncology., The Denver Broncos are an American football team based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) West division. The team began play in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL) and joined the NFL as part of the merger in 1970. The Broncos are owned by the Pat Bowlen trust. The Broncos have played at Sports Authority Field at Mile High since , after previously playing at Mile High Stadium from 1960 to 2000., Targeted therapy or molecularly targeted therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment (pharmacotherapy) for cancer, others being hormonal therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy. As a form of molecular medicine, targeted therapy blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, rather than by simply interfering with all rapidly dividing cells (e.g. with traditional chemotherapy). Because most agents for targeted therapy are biopharmaceuticals, the term "biologic therapy" is sometimes synonymous with "targeted therapy" when used in the context of cancer therapy (and thus distinguished from chemotherapy, that is, cytotoxic therapy). However, the modalities can be combined; antibody-drug conjugates combine biologic and cytotoxic mechanisms into one targeted therapy., Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. While bleeding after sex may not be serious, it may also indicate the presence of cervical cancer.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to be involved in the development of more than 90% of cases; most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. Other risk factors include smoking, a weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age, and having many sexual partners, but these are less important. Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes over 10 to 20 years. About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma, and a small number are other types. Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. Medical imaging is then done to determine whether or not the cancer has spread.
HPV vaccines protect against between two and seven high-risk strains of this family of viruses and may prevent up to 90% of cervical cancers. As a risk of cancer still exists, guidelines recommend continuing regular Pap smears. Other methods of prevention include: having few or no sexual partners and the use of condoms. Cervical cancer screening using the Pap smear or acetic acid can identify precancerous changes which when treated can prevent the development of cancer. Treatment of cervical cancer may consist of some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Five year survival rates in the United States are 68%. Outcomes, however, depend very much on how early the cancer is detected.
Worldwide, cervical cancer is both the fourth-most common cause of cancer and the fourth-most common cause of death from cancer in women. In 2012, an estimated 528,000 cases of cervical cancer occurred, with 266,000 deaths. This is about 8% of the total cases and total deaths from cancer. About 70% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries. In low-income countries, it is the most common cause of cancer death. In developed countries, the widespread use of cervical screening programs has dramatically reduced rates of cervical cancer. In medical research, the most famous cell line known as HeLa was developed from cervical cancer cells of a woman named Henrietta Lacks., A benign tumor is a mass of cells (tumor) that lacks the ability to invade neighboring tissue or metastasize. These characteristics are required for a tumor to be defined as cancerous and therefore benign tumors are non-cancerous. Also, benign tumors generally have a slower growth rate than malignant tumors and the tumor cells are usually more differentiated (cells have normal features). Benign tumors are typically surrounded by an outer surface (fibrous sheath of connective tissue) or remain with the epithelium. Common examples of benign tumors include moles and uterine fibroids., A brain tumor or intracranial neoplasm occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors that start within the brain, and secondary tumors that have spread from somewhere else, known as brain metastasis tumors. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These symptoms may include headaches, seizures, problem with vision, vomiting, and mental changes. The headache is classically worse in the morning and goes away with vomiting. More specific problems may include difficulty in walking, speaking, and with sensation. As the disease progresses unconsciousness may occur.
The cause of most brain tumors is unknown. Uncommon risk factors include inherited neurofibromatosis, exposure to vinyl chloride, EpsteinBarr virus, and ionizing radiation. The evidence for mobile phones is not clear. The most common types of primary tumors in adults are meningiomas (usually benign), and astrocytomas such as glioblastomas. In children, the most common type is a malignant medulloblastoma. Diagnosis is usually by medical examination along with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. This is then often confirmed by a biopsy. Based on the findings, the tumors are divided into different grades of severity.
Treatment may include some combination of surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Anticonvulsant medication may be needed if seizures occur. Dexamethasone and furosemide may be used to decrease swelling around the tumor. Some tumors grow gradually, requiring only monitoring and possibly needing no further intervention. Treatments that use a person's immune system are being studied. Outcome varies considerably depending on the type of tumor and how far it has spread at diagnosis. Glioblastomas usually have poor outcomes while meningiomas usually have good outcomes. The average five-year survival rate for brain cancer in the United States is 33%.
Secondary or metastatic brain tumors are more common than primary brain tumors, with about half of metastases coming from lung cancer. Primary brain tumors occur in around 250,000 people a year globally, making up less than 2% of cancers. In children younger than 15, brain tumors are second only to acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a cause of cancer. In Australia the average economic cost of a case of brain cancer is $1.9 million, the greatest of any type of cancer., Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver. During the initial infection people often have mild or no symptoms. Occasionally a fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin occurs. The virus persists in the liver in about 75% to 85% of those initially infected. Early on chronic infection typically has no symptoms. Over many years however, it often leads to liver disease and occasionally cirrhosis. In some cases, those with cirrhosis will develop complications such as liver failure, liver cancer, or esophageal and gastric varices.
HCV is spread primarily by blood-to-blood contact associated with intravenous drug use, poorly sterilized medical equipment, needlestick injuries in healthcare, and transfusions. Using blood screening, the risk from a transfusion is less than one per two million. It may also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth. It is not spread by superficial contact. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E. Diagnosis is by blood testing to look for either antibodies to the virus or its RNA. Testing is recommended in all people who are at risk.
There is no vaccine against hepatitis C. Prevention includes harm reduction efforts among people who use intravenous drugs and testing donated blood. Chronic infection can be cured about 90% of the time with treatments that include the medications sofosbuvir or simeprevir. Previous to this a combination of peginterferon and ribavirin was used which had a cure rate around 50% and greater side effects. Getting access to the newer treatments however can be expensive. Those who develop cirrhosis or liver cancer may require a liver transplant. Hepatitis C is the leading reason for liver transplantation, though the virus usually recurs after transplantation.
An estimated 130200 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. In 2013 about 11 million new cases occurred. It occurs most commonly in Africa and Central and East Asia. About 343,000 deaths due to liver cancer and 358,000 deaths due to cirrhosis occurred in 2013 due to hepatitis C. The existence of hepatitis C originally identifiable only as a type of non-A non-B hepatitis was suggested in the 1970s and proven in 1989. Hepatitis C infects only humans and chimpanzees., Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. A few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or mental illness. The view that obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is not generally supported. On average, obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
Obesity is mostly preventable through a combination of social changes and personal choices. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Medications may be taken, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or bowel length, leading to feeling full earlier or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2014, 600 million adults (13%) and 42 million children under the age of five were obese. Obesity is more common in women than men. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in some parts of the world. In 2013, the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease., Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) which affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic infections. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection. Some develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine and abdominal pain. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does the initial infection result in death. It may take 30 to 180 days for symptoms to begin. In those who get infected around the time of birth 90% develop chronic while less than 10% of those infected after the age of five do. Most of those with chronic disease have no symptoms; however, cirrhosis and liver cancer may eventually develop. These complications result in the death of 15 to 25% of those with chronic disease.
The virus is transmitted by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. Infection around the time of birth or from contact with other people's blood during childhood is the most frequent method by which hepatitis B is acquired in areas where the disease is common. In areas where the disease is rare, intravenous drug use and sexual intercourse are the most frequent routes of infection. Other risk factors include working in healthcare, blood transfusions, dialysis, living with an infected person, travel in countries where the infection rate is high, and living in an institution. Tattooing and acupuncture led to a significant number of cases in the 1980s; however, this has become less common with improved sterility. The viruses cannot be spread by holding hands, sharing eating utensils, kissing, hugging, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding. The infection can be diagnosed 30 to 60 days after exposure. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by testing the blood for parts of the virus and for antibodies against the virus. It is one of five known hepatitis viruses: A, B, C, D, and E.
The infection has been preventable by vaccination since 1982. Vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization in the first day of life if possible. Two or three more doses are required at a later time for full effect. This vaccine works about 95% of the time. About 180 countries gave the vaccine as part of national programs as of 2006. It is also recommended that all blood be tested for hepatitis B before transfusion and condoms be used to prevent infection. During an initial infection, care is based on the symptoms that a person has. In those who develop chronic disease, antiviral medication such as tenofovir or interferon may be useful; however, these drugs are expensive. Liver transplantation is sometimes used for cirrhosis.
About a third of the world population has been infected at one point in their lives, including 240 million to 350 million who have chronic infections. Another 129 million new infections occurred in 2013. Over 750,000 people die of hepatitis B each year. About 300,000 of these are due to liver cancer. The disease is now only common in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa where between 5 and 10% of adults are chronically infected. Rates in Europe and North America are less than 1%. It was originally known as "serum hepatitis". Research is looking to create foods that contain HBV vaccine. The disease may affect other great apes as well.
Signs and symptoms.
Acute infection with virus is associated with acute viral hepatitis, an illness that begins with general ill-health, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, body aches, mild fever, and dark urine, and then progresses to development of jaundice. It has been noted that itchy skin has been an indication as a possible symptom of all hepatitis virus types. The illness lasts for a few weeks and then gradually improves in most affected people. A few people may have a more severe form of liver disease known as (fulminant hepatic failure) and may die as a result. The infection may be entirely asymptomatic and may go unrecognized., The New York Giants are a professional American football team located in the New York metropolitan area. The Giants compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) East division. The team plays its home games in East Rutherford, New Jersey, at MetLife Stadium, which it shares with the New York Jets in a unique arrangement. The Giants hold their summer training camp at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center at the Meadowlands Sports Complex., Lymphoma is a group of blood cell tumors that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). The name often refers to just the cancerous ones rather than all such tumors. Signs and symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweats, unintended weight loss, itching, and constantly feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night.
There are dozens of subtypes of lymphomas. The two main categories of lymphomas are Hodgkin's lymphomas (HL) and the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). The World Health Organization (WHO) includes two other categories as types of lymphoma: multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases. About 90% of lymphomas are non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Lymphomas and leukemias are a part of the broader group of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.
Risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma include infection with EpsteinBarr virus and a history of the disease in the family. Risk factors for common types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas include autoimmune diseases, HIV/AIDS, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus, immunosuppressant medications, and some pesticides. Eating large amounts of red meat and tobacco smoking may also increase the risk. Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and/or brain.
Treatment may involve one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. In some non-Hodgkin lymphomas, an increased amount of protein produced by the lymphoma cells causes the blood to become so thick that plasmapheresis is performed to remove the protein. Watchful waiting may be appropriate for certain types. The outcome depends on the subtype with some being curable and treatment prolonging survival in most. The five-year survival rate in the United States for all Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes is 85%, while that for non-Hodgkin lymphomas is 69%. Worldwide, lymphomas developed in 566,000 people in 2012 and caused 305,000 deaths. They make up 34% of all cancers, making them as a group the seventh-most common form. In children, they are the third-most common cancer. They occur more often in the developed world than the developing world., Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of medical oncology (the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer)., Clarence Hubert Kay (born July 30, 1961 in Seneca, South Carolina) is a former professional American football player. A 6'2", 237-lb. tight end from the University of Georgia, Kay was selected by the Denver Broncos in the 7th round of the 1984 NFL Draft. Kay played in 9 NFL seasons from 19841992, all with the Broncos., Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.
Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and drinking alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus (HPV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 510% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66%.
In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of human deaths. The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.
Definitions.
Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. They form a subset of neoplasms. A neoplasm or tumor is a group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth and will often form a mass or lump, but may be distributed diffusely., A symptom (from Greek , "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from , "I befall", from - "together, with" and , "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease. A symptom is subjective, observed by the patient, and cannot be measured directly, whereas a sign is objectively observable by others. For example, paresthesia is a symptom (only the person experiencing it can directly observe their own tingling feeling), whereas erythema is a sign (anyone can confirm that the skin is redder than usual). Symptoms and signs are often nonspecific, but often combinations of them are at least suggestive of certain diagnoses, helping to narrow down what may be wrong. In other cases they are specific even to the point of being pathognomonic., Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. Vaccines can prevent or ameliorate morbidity from infection. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has been vaccinated, this results in herd immunity. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five preventable infections., Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas typically occur in the skin but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye. In women they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they are most common on the back. Sometimes they develop from a mole with concerning changes including an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.
The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment. The UV light may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices. About 25% develop from moles. Those with many moles, a history of affected family members, and who have poor immune function are at greater risk. A number of rare genetic defects such as xeroderma pigmentosum also increase risk. Diagnosis is by biopsy of any concerning skin lesion.
Using sunscreen and avoiding UV light may prevent melanoma. Treatment is typically removal by surgery. In those with slightly larger cancers, nearby lymph nodes may be tested for spread. Most people are cured if spread has not occurred. For those in whom melanoma has spread, immunotherapy, biologic therapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy may improve survival. With treatment the five-year survival rates in the United States is 98% among those with localized disease and 17% among those in whom spread has occurred. The likelihood that it will come back or spread depends how thick the melanoma is, how fast the cells are dividing, and whether or not the overlying skin has broken down.
Melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. Globally, in 2012, it occurred in 232,000 people and resulted in 55,000 deaths. Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. There are also high rates in Northern Europe and North America, while it is less common in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Melanoma is more common in men than women. Melanoma has become more common since the 1960s in areas that are mostly Caucasian., Super Bowl XXIV was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1989 season. Played on January 28, 1990, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, the 49ers defeated the Broncos by the score of 5510, winning their second consecutive Super Bowl, and tying the Pittsburgh Steelers with four Super Bowl victories. San Francisco also became the first team to win back-to-back Super Bowls with two different head coaches; rookie head coach George Seifert took over after Bill Walsh retired after the previous season's Super Bowl., Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection.
Infections are caused by infectious agents including viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths., The New York Jets are a professional American football team located in the New York metropolitan area. The Jets compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The team is headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey. In a unique arrangement for the league, the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey with the New York Giants. The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets, LLC., Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin. They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. The first two together along with a number of less common skin cancers are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death. It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, that may be shiny with small blood vessel running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer. Squamous-cell cancer is more likely to spread. It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but may also form an ulcer. Melanomas are the most aggressive. Signs include a mole that has changed in size, shape, color, has irregular edges, has more than one color, is itchy or bleeds.
Greater than 90% of cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. This exposure increases the risk of all three main types of skin cancer. Exposure has increased partly due to a thinner ozone layer. Tanning beds are becoming another common source of ultraviolet radiation. For melanomas and basal-cell cancers exposure during childhood is particularly harmful. For squamous-cell cancers total exposure, irrespective of when it occurs, is more important. Between 20% and 30% of melanomas develop from moles. People with light skin are at higher risk as are those with poor immune function such as from medications or HIV/AIDS. Diagnosis is by biopsy.
Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods of preventing melanoma and squamous-cell cancer. It is not clear if sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually curable. Treatment is generally by surgical removal but may less commonly involve radiation therapy or topical medications such as fluorouracil. Treatment of melanoma may involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. In those people whose disease has spread to other areas of their bodies, palliative care may be used to improve quality of life. Melanoma has one of the higher survival rates among cancers, with over 86% of people in the UK and more than 90% in the United States surviving more than 5 years.
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, globally accounting for at least 40% of cases. It is especially common among people with light skin. The most common type is nonmelanoma skin cancer, which occurs in at least 2-3 million people per year. This is a rough estimate, however, as good statistics are not kept. Of nonmelanoma skin cancers, about 80% are basal-cell cancers and 20% squamous-cell cancers. Basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers rarely result in death. In the United States they were the cause of less than 0.1% of all cancer deaths. Globally in 2012 melanoma occurred in 232,000 people, and resulted in 55,000 deaths. Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma in the world. The three main types of skin cancer have become more common in the last 20 to 40 years, especially in those areas which are mostly Caucasian., A single-elimination tournamentalso called an Olympic system tournament, a knockout (or, knock-out), single penetration, or sudden death tournamentis a type of elimination tournament where the loser of each bracket is immediately eliminated from winning the championship or first prize in the event., Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by the process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas. The two main types are small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The most common symptoms are coughing (including coughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.
The vast majority (85%) of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term tobacco smoking. About 1015% of cases occur in people who have never smoked. These cases are often caused by a combination of genetic factors and exposure to radon gas, asbestos, second-hand smoke, or other forms of air pollution. Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy which is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guidance.
Prevention is by avoiding risk factors including smoking and air pollution. Treatment and long-term outcomes depend on the type of cancer, the stage (degree of spread), and the person's overall health. Most cases are not curable. Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NSCLC is sometimes treated with surgery, whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Worldwide in 2012, lung cancer occurred in 1.8 million people and resulted in 1.6 million deaths. This makes it the most common cause of cancer-related death in men and second most common in women after breast cancer. The most common age at diagnosis is 70 years. Overall, 17.4% of people in the United States diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years after the diagnosis, while outcomes on average are worse in the developing world.
Signs and symptoms.
Signs and symptoms which may suggest lung cancer include:, Patrick Joseph Kelly II ( October 29 , 1965 - March 28 , 2003 ) was a National Football League tight end who played for the Denver Broncos ( 1988 -- 1989 ) and the New York Jets ( 1990 -- 1991 ) . He played in 44 games over 4 seasons , starting only the 1988 AFC Championship due to an injury to starter Clarence Kay . Kelly also played in Super Bowl XXIV . He died of cancer on March 28 , 2003 ., Patrick Dennis Bowlen (born February 18, 1944) is the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). The Bowlen Family, including his two brothers John Bowlen and Bill Bowlen, and sister Marybeth Bowlen, purchased the team from Edgar Kaiser in 1984. He served as the Broncos CEO from his purchase of the club in 1984 until July 2014, when he stepped down as Broncos' CEO due to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease., Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, older age, and family history. About 510% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. In addition, there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, develop from pre-invasive lesions. The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to.
The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial. A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm. A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age, and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old. The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it. Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women. In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy. Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy. Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date. In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort.
Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person's age. Survival rates in the developed world are high, with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years. In developing countries survival rates are poorer. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million cases and 522,000 deaths. It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men., Prostate cancer, also known as carcinoma of the prostate, is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, some grow relatively quickly. The cancer cells may spread from the prostate to other parts of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages it can lead to difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or pain in the pelvis, back or when urinating. A disease known as benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. Other late symptoms may include feeling tired due to low levels of red blood cells.
Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer include: older age, a family history of the disease, and race. About 99% of cases occur in those over the age of 50. Having a first-degree relative with the disease increases the risk two to threefold. In the United States it is more common in the African American population than the white American population. Other factors that may be involved include a diet high in processed meat, red meat, or milk products or low in certain vegetables. An association with gonorrhea has been found, but a reason for this relationship has not been identified. Prostate cancer is diagnosed by biopsy. Medical imaging may then be done to determine if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Prostate cancer screening is controversial. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing increases cancer detection but does not decrease mortality. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening using the PSA test, due to the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, as most cancer diagnosed would remain asymptomatic. The USPSTF concludes that the potential benefits of testing do not outweigh the expected harms. While 5-reductase inhibitors appear to decrease low-grade cancer risk they do not affect high-grade cancer risk and thus are not recommended for prevention. Supplementation with vitamins or minerals does not appear to affect the risk.
Many cases can be safely followed with active surveillance or watchful waiting. Other treatments may include a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy or chemotherapy. When it only occurs inside the prostate it may be curable. In those in whom the disease has spread to the bones, pain medications, bisphosphonates and targeted therapy, among others, may be useful. Outcomes depend on a person's age and other health problems as well as how aggressive and extensive the cancer is. Most people with prostate cancer do not end up dying from the disease. The 5-year survival rate in the United States is 99%. Globally it is the second most common type of cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In 2012 it occurred in 1.1 million men and caused 307,000 deaths. It was the most common cancer in males in 84 countries, occurring more commonly in the developed world. Rates have been increasing in the developing world. Detection increased significantly in the 1980s and 1990s in many areas due to increased PSA testing. Studies of males who died from unrelated causes have found prostate cancer in 30% to 70% of those over age 60.
Signs and symptoms.
Early prostate cancer usually has no clear symptoms. Sometimes, however, prostate cancer does cause symptoms, often similar to those of diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia. These include frequent urination, nocturia (increased urination at night), difficulty starting and maintaining a steady stream of urine, hematuria (blood in the urine), and dysuria (painful urination). A study based on the 1998 Patient Care Evaluation in the US found that about a third of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer had one or more such symptoms, while two-thirds had no symptoms., Subject: pat kelly , Relation: cause_of_death, Options: (A) brain tumor (B) breast cancer (C) cancer (D) carcinoma (E) cervical cancer (F) club (G) consumption (H) disease (I) fall (J) fever (K) heart disease (L) hepatitis (M) hepatitis c (N) illness (O) infection (P) influenza (Q) injury (R) jaundice (S) leukemia (T) liver cancer (U) lymphoma (V) measles (W) melanoma (X) multiple myeloma (Y) skin cancer (Z) smallpox ([) tournament (\) tumor
Solution: brain tumor | task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
Let me give you an example: Context_1 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though his music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, he came to be regarded as an "American original". He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Context_2 : Daniel Evan Freeman (born 27 April 1959) is an American musicologist who specializes in European art music of the eighteenth century, in particular the musical culture of eighteenth-century Prague and the Bohemian lands. He is also active as a pianist and music editor. Context_3 : Art music (also known as Western classical music, cultivated music, serious music, canonic music, and more flippantly, real music or normal music) is an umbrella term that refers to musical traditions, implying advanced structural and theoretical considerations and a written musical tradition. "Serious" or "cultivated" music are terms frequently used as a contrast for ordinary, everyday music (popular and folk music, also called "vernacular music"). After the 20th century, art music was divided into two extensions: "serious music" and "light music". Context_4 : In the history of European art music, the term "common practice period" refers to the era between the formation and the dissolution of the tonal system. Though there are no exact dates for this phenomenon, most features of the common-practice period persisted from the mid to late baroque period, through the Classical and Romantic periods, or roughly from around 1650 to 1900. While certain prevailing patterns and conventions characterize the music of this period, the time period also saw considerable stylistic evolution. Some conventions evolved during this period that were rarely employed at other times during what may still be labeled "common practice" (for example, Sonata Form). Thus, the dates 1650–1900 are necessarily nebulous and arbitrary borders that depend on context. The most important unifying feature through this time period concerns a harmonic language to which modern music theorists can apply Roman numeral analysis. Context_5 : The Festival Oude Muziek Utrecht ("Utrecht Early Music Festival") is an annual music festival that showcases and celebrates early European art music. The ten-day festival takes place in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and begins in August. The programme comprises concerts, activities, lectures, exhibitions, and a symposium. Context_6 : Assaf Shelleg (Hebrew: אסף שלג ), is a musicologist and pianist, a senior lecturer of musicology at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was previously the Schusterman Visiting Assistant Professor of Musicology and Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia (2011–14), and had taught prior to that as the visiting Efroymson Scholar in the Jewish, Islamic & Near Eastern Languages and Cultures Department at Washington University in St. Louis (2009–11). Shelleg specializes in twentieth-century Jewish and Israeli art music and has published in some of the leading journals in both musicology and Israel Studies on topics ranging from the historiography of modern Jewish art music to the theological networks of Israeli art music. Shelleg's book, "Jewish Contiguities and the Soundtrack of Israeli History", appeared in November 2014 with Oxford University Press. The book studies the emergence of modern Jewish art music in central and Western Europe (1910s-1930s) and its translocation to Palestine/Israel (1930s-1970s), exposing the legacies of European antisemitism and religious Judaism in the making of Israeli art music. Moving to consider the dislocation of modern Jewish art music the book examines the paradoxes embedded in a Zionist national culture whose rhetoric negated its pasts, only to mask process of hybridizations enchained by older legacies. "Jewish Contiguities" has won the 2015 Engle Prize for the study of Hebrew Music, and the 2016 Jordan Schnitzer Book Award. Context_7 : Vocal harmony is a style of vocal music in which a consonant note or notes are simultaneously sung as a main melody in a predominantly homophonic texture. Vocal harmonies are used in many subgenres of European art music, including Classical choral music and opera and in the popular styles from many Western cultures ranging from folk songs and musical theater pieces to rock ballads. In the simplest style of vocal harmony, the main vocal melody is supported by a single backup vocal line, either at a pitch which is above or below the main vocal line, often in thirds or sixths which fit in with the chord progression used in the song. In more complex vocal harmony arrangements, different backup singers may sing two or even three other notes at the same time as each of the main melody notes, mostly with consonant, pleasing-sounding thirds, sixths, and fifths (although dissonant notes may be used as short passing notes). Context_8 : David Wallis Reeves (February 14, 1838 – March 8, 1900), also known as D. W. Reeves or Wally Reeves, was an American composer, cornetist, and bandleader. He developed the American march style, later made famous by the likes of John Philip Sousa, and his innovations include adding a countermelody to the American march form in 1876. Sousa called Reeves "The Father of Band Music in America", and stated he wished he himself had written Reeves' "Second Regiment Connecticut National Guard March". Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. Context_9 : "Indian classical music is one of many forms of art music that have their roots in particular regional cultures. For other "classical" and art music traditions, see List of classical and art music traditions." Context_10 : Progressive music is music that subverts genre and expands stylistic boundaries outwards. Rooted in the idea of a cultural alternative, musical progressiveness embodies a continuous move between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived from various cultural domains, such as European art music, Celtic folk, West Indian, or African. The word "progressive" comes from the basic concept of "progress", which refers to development and growth by accumulation, and is often deployed in numerous music genres such as progressive country, progressive folk, progressive jazz, and (most significantly) progressive rock. fact_1 : Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. fact_2 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. fact_3 : He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Question: What is the birthyear of the American composer that borrowed from "Second Connecticut" on four occasions and combined American popular and church-music traditions with European art music?
The answer to this example can be: 1874May
Here is why: From the fact_1 from context _8, and fact _2 and fact _3 from context _1, we can arrive at 1874 May which is accurate answer of given question.
OK. solve this:
Context_1 : Bayport-Blue Point Union-Free School District is a public school district that serves the hamlets of Bayport, New York and Blue Point, New York. It consists of Bayport-Blue Point High School, James Wilson Young Middle School, and three elementary schools, Academy Street Elementary, Blue Point Elementary, and Sylvan Avenue Elementary. Context_2 : County Route 97 (CR 97) is a major north–south county road in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. It runs from an intersection with CR 85 (Montauk Highway) in Bayport just west of Blue Point on the south shore of Long Island to a junction with New York State Route 25A (NY 25A) in Stony Brook on the island's north shore. A 5 mi section of the route from Holbrook to Farmingville is a freeway, while the remainder of the road is a limited-access highway with few at-grade intersections. CR 97 is known as Nicolls Road, named after 17th-century colonial Governor Richard Nicolls. Context_3 : Blue Point is a hamlet on Long Island (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 4,773 at the 2010 census. Context_4 : Jack Eddington was a member of the Suffolk County, New York Legislature, representing the 7th District, which encompasses southwestern through central portions of Brookhaven Town. The communities included in the 7th Legislative District include Blue Point, Patchogue, East Patchogue, North Patchogue, most of Medford, and smaller portions of Coram, Farmingville, Holtsville, Ronkonkoma, Bellport, and Fire Island. Eddington is a member of the Independence Party. Context_5 : Blue Point was a station stop along the Montauk Branch of the Long Island Rail Road It was located on Martha Avenue on the south side of the tracks in Blue Point, New York, and was the westernmost station along the Montauk Branch in the Town of Brookhaven. Access to the station was through a driveway that emptied onto Blue Point Avenue. The station was originally opened on February 1, 1870, by the South Side Railroad of Long Island and closed on June 1, 1882. The second depot opened around June, 1900, evidently in conjunction with the bridge over Blue Point Avenue. The newer station also had a connection to the South Shore Traction Company trolleys, which were later replaced by Suffolk Traction Company trolleys. Blue Point station closed on September 6, 1980, in conjunction with the nearby Bayport Station. It was located between Bayport and Patchogue Stations. The former station site, across from the Blue Point Wine & Liquor store, remains, to this day, gated off, and covered partially in trees, leaves, and weeds. Context_6 : Samuel Winfield "Tommy" Thompson (1906–1967) was an American calligrapher, graphic artist and typeface designer. He was born Blue Point, New York. In 1944 he became the first designer to earn royalties for a type design, from Photo Lettering Inc. for his Thompson Quill Script. Previously, designers had worked in house for foundries or had sold the rights to their faces outright. He maintained a studio in Norwalk, Connecticut and was the author of several books on type and lettering. Context_7 : Blue Point Brewing Company is a subsidiary of Anheuser-Busch InBev located on Long Island, in Patchogue, New York. The brewery offers a variety of year-round beers, and several seasonal brews, as well as a 'tasting room' which is open to the public on Wednesdays, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The largest "craft" brewery on Long Island, Context_8 : Bayport-Blue Point High School is a high school in Bayport, New York, United States. It was originally constructed in 1927 as an elementary school and high school for the Hamlet of Bayport. The high school serves the towns of Bayport and Blue Point. It is part of a Union Free School District of the same name, along with three elementary schools (Academy Street, Blue Point, and Sylvan Avenue) and one middle school (James Wilson Young Middle School). Context_9 : The Sayville Yacht Club is a private yacht club with its facilities located in Blue Point, New York. It was founded in Sayville, New York before the First World War. The club fell on hard times during the Great Depression and became inactive. After the Second World War, a group of local residents and war veterans reclaimed the club's charter and relocated the SYC to its present location. Land was acquired and the club's first clubhouse, a Victorian bath house, was floated from Cherry Grove, New York. Early Commodores of the Sayville Yacht Club included many of those active in re-activating the club; including George C. Palmer, Douglas Westin, George Heinrich and others. Context_10 : The Suffolk Traction Company is a former streetcar system in Suffolk County, New York. It operated primarily between Patchogue and Holtsville, but also included a route that served Blue Point, Bayport, and Sayville. It was opened in 1909 and ceased operations in 1919. fact_1 : Bayport-Blue Point Union-Free School District is a public school district that serves the hamlets of Bayport, New York and Blue Point, New York. fact_2 : Blue Point is a hamlet on Long Island (and census-designated place) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. Question: Blue Point, New York is considered a what?
Answer: hamlet | task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a question and answer options for that question. Using this information, you have to classify each text into different topics: medicine, nursery, psychology, chemistry, pharmacology, biology.
One example is below.
Q: Question: A distension is defined as:
Options: <0> Soft tissue injury. <1> Forced movement of abrupt production. <2> Injury by stretching a muscle. <3> Injury of the joint capsule. <4> Interruption in the continuity of a bone.
A: nursery
Rationale: Distension means Bloating and swelling in the belly area. It does not have much to do with chemistry, psychology, pharmacology, biology and medicine. Hence, the correct topic is nursery.
Q: Question: Allopurinol, as an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase:
Options: <0> It is suicidal, reversible. <1> It is suicidal, irreversible. <2> It is analogous to the transition state, reversible. <3> Inhibits the enzyme by proteolysis. <4> Allopurinol does not inhibit that enzyme.
A: chemistry | task1434_head_qa_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1434_head_qa_classification-fs_opt | en |
You are given an open-domain question from an open movie database. Your task is to provide an answer to that question. Try to only include the answer. Do not put it in a sentence.
Example input: what kind of film is Best Seller?
Example output: crime
Example explanation: The answer is correct because crime genre movie is among best seller.
Q: what is the language spoken in the film Get on the Bus?
A: English | task615_moviesqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task615_moviesqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
You are given a conversation between two people. 'Person1:' and 'Person2:' are used to separate their respective dialogues. Your task is to label each of the continuous conversations done by one speaker with the emotion detected in that particular part. Your labels can be one among the following: 'No emotion', 'surprise', 'happiness', 'sadness', 'anger', 'disgust'.
Person1: Hello . May I help you ?
Person2: Hi . Last month , our company , Turner Interiors of Beijing , ordered some documents under our new L / C . What I want to do is check and see if the documents have arrived yet .
Person1: Let me find that on my screen ... yes , the L / C is right here . I'm sorry ; the documents don't seem to be here yet .
Person2: Oh , dear . When do you think they will arrive ?
Person1: It should be around 5 working days , but different cases take different times . Sorry I can't be more precise .
No emotion,No emotion,No emotion,No emotion,No emotion
Person1: Are you going anywhere for your vacation ?
Person2: Yes , we're making plans for a tour .
Person1: That'll be lovely . Where are you going ?
Person2: Well start out from Long Island this Friday . We've planned a four day drive to Salt Lake City , where we'll join my brother and his family on his fortieth birthday .
Person1: Well , you've got to prepare a lot of food and enough sleeping bags then .
Person2: Oh , we'll spend the nights in hotels and enjoy local food as we pass by . How does it sound , David ?
Person1: It sounds good . You can do a lot of sightseeing , too .
Person2: Yes , we'll take our time . And we'll go to Five-lake Strict and the Wall Street .
Person1: So , you're going to have a really nice vacation .
Person2: You can say that again .
No emotion,No emotion,No emotion,No emotion,No emotion,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness
Person1: Hi , Alice , what are you doing this sunday .
Person2: Nothing really , why , what ' s up ?
Person1: If you are free , maybe you can get having for my birthday party , it should be fun .
Person2: Sounds great , i ' d very much like having something thanks , when ?
Person1: Around six pm .
Person2: Do you need help setting up or anything ? I don't mind . I like to do that kind of thing . It's fun and I have a good eye for decorating .
Person1: No . thank you . I can handle it , but thanks for the offer .
Person2: Ok , I will see you again .
Person1: Great . I have a good day , thanks again for the offer .
No emotion,No emotion,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness,happiness
| task1532_daily_dialog_emotion_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1532_daily_dialog_emotion_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a text of article and corresponding title of an article. Your task is to generate label "yes" if headline (title) is right for article, otherwise generate "no".
Let me give you an example: Article: australia 's current account deficit shrunk by a record #.## billion dollars -lrb- #.## billion us -rrb- in the june quarter due to soaring commodity prices , figures released monday showed . Title: australian current account deficit narrows sharply
The answer to this example can be: yes
Here is why: This headline is appropriate for the given article text because the focus of this article is australian current accounts. Hence, the label is 'yes'.
OK. solve this:
Article: the french economy is set for growth of one percent in #### , french economy minister christine lagarde said on monday , downgrading the government 's earlier forecasts . Title: indian court backs bollywood in harry potter dispute
Answer: no | task289_gigaword_summarization | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task289_gigaword_summarization-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a review of a movie and a boolean question whether this review has positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Your task is to generate answer "yes" when the tweet has that particular sentiment, otherwise generate answer "no".
Example: Review: For a movie that gets no respect there sure are a lot of memorable quotes listed for this gem. Imagine a movie where Joe Piscopo is actually funny! Maureen Stapleton is a scene stealer. The Moroni character is an absolute scream. Watch for Alan The Skipper Hale jr. as a police Sgt. Question: is it a positive review?
Example solution: yes
Example explanation: There is an expression of appreciation in this movie review, hence we can say it's positive. So generated label is 'yes'.
Problem: Review: I feel like I've just watched a snuff film....a beautifully acted, taut, engrossing and horrible thing! A two hour litany of perversion in the most basic and all inclusive sense of the word, sexual violence and torture, rape, decapitation, incest, corruption, live burial, and abuse, abuse, abuse. No redemption whatsoever. And I WAS entertained. I couldn't stop watching. What does this say about me, about the people who make and act in this sort of thing, and a world that has become so desensitized that eventually real snuff films will be the norm. And I'm neither puritanical nor humorless, I don't try to hide from the existence of darkness, and I definitely have not led a sheltered life, but I am ashamed of myself. AND I'm sorry to see my British cousins dragging the subject-matter sewers the way my own tribe does. It doesn't have to be cozy, but does it have to wallow in vicarious sadism? Question: is it a positive review?
Solution: no | task285_imdb_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task285_imdb_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence which is either in the Hindi language or English language. You task is to identify the language of input sentence. Input sentence can be in Hindi or English language only and also it cannot have two languages at a time.
--------
Question: However , it will be necessary to create capacities for jumbo drills , suspension gears , continuous miners , load haul dumpers , etc .
Answer: English
Question: वैसे , शौरी की व्यैकंतगत निष् आ और वाजपेयी के बेज्ह्ज्ह्कि समर्थन से आखिरकार बाल्को बच गया पर सरकार को इससे सबक लेना चाहिए ।
Answer: Hindi
Question: There has been similar expansion in the case of other industries such as coal , cement , steel , power and a host of consumer goods .
Answer: English
| task427_hindienglish_corpora_hi-en_language_identification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task427_hindienglish_corpora_hi-en_language_identification-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Ex Input:
Category: __E__E__E
Clue: A form of address for some royalty, it means calm & unruffled
Ex Output:
serene
Ex Input:
Category: THE CHIEFS
Clue: He wrote 5 of the 85 "Federalist" essays
Ex Output:
john jay
Ex Input:
Category: COOKING CLASS
Clue: If you boil these before making them into hash browns, they'll stick together better and cook faster, too
Ex Output:
potatoes
| task308_jeopardy_answer_generation_all | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task308_jeopardy_answer_generation_all-fs_opt | en |
You are provided with an "Event" and it's "Intent" related to PersonX. Determine the sentiment value of the given input as either "Positive", "Negative", and "Unknown".
[EX Q]: Event:PersonX finds a seat. Intent: 1) to get to work on time
[EX A]: Unknown
[EX Q]: Event:PersonX expresses PersonX's feelings. Intent: 1) revenge 2) insurance money 3) freedom
[EX A]: Positive
[EX Q]: Event:PersonX changes PersonX's tire. Intent: 1) to follow footsteps
[EX A]: Negative
| task923_event2mind_classifier | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task923_event2mind_classifier-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a food review in Persian, and you have to extract aspects of the food mentioned in the text. We define aspects as taste/smell(طعم), nutritional value(ارزش غذایی), product quality(کیفیت), delivery(ارسال), packaging(بسته بندی) and purchase value/price(ارزش خرید). Although there might be multiple aspects in a review, we only need you to write one aspect.
[EX Q]: محصول با کیفیت و تمیز و خوش پخت است ولی گران است
[EX A]: کیفیت
[EX Q]: من بیش از یکسال است از این شربت استفاده میکنم قبلا از فروشگاه میگرفتم که با قیمت روی جلد حساب میشد الان از دیجی کالا ایامی که تخفیف میزند خریداری میکنم خیلی مناسب و عالیست توصیه میکنم تجربه اش کنید.
[EX A]: ارزش خرید
[EX Q]: طعم پپسی اصل رو نمیداد با اینکه روی قوطی نوشته شده اصل
[EX A]: طعم
| task529_parsinlu_food_aspect_detection | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task529_parsinlu_food_aspect_detection-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a statement, the genre to which that statement belongs, and a label indicating if the statement should be agreed with (entailment), disagreed with (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your job is to write a sentence that describes the genre that follows the tone with respect to the statement, as indicated by the label. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, the can be concluded from one another. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time. The sentence must also belong to the genre specified.
Let me give you an example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World.
Label: neutral.
Genre: travel.
The answer to this example can be: The candy has many fans who love its attractions.
Here is why: When the given label is neutral, it means that you should write a sentence that neither agrees with the statement, nor disagrees with it. We don't know if the candy has many fans, hence the sentence is neutral. The places are specifically pointed out and referred to as attractions, so the given sentence is in the same genre.
OK. solve this:
Statement: The article raves about Apple's new iMac and Pixar's Toy Story 2. Jobs is the same brilliant man-child he's always been.
Label: contradiction.
Genre: slate.
Answer: The articles refuses to rave about Apple's new products, Jobs is a brilliant man child like always. | task203_mnli_sentence_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task203_mnli_sentence_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a multiple-choice question and you have to pick the correct option. Answer with option indexes (i.e., "A", "B", "C", and "D").
Example: Deserts are in extremely dry environments, so liquids will naturally be (A) rainbow (B) plentiful (C) meager (D) talented
Example solution: C
Example explanation: This is a good example and the output correctly answers the question.
Problem: Bacteria can cause people to become what? (A) unwell (B) energetic (C) vibrant (D) healthy
Solution: A | task1286_openbookqa_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1286_openbookqa_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you're given context and an answer. Your task is to generate the question for this answer based on the given context with commonsense reasoning about social situations..
Example: Context: Tracy didn't go home that evening and resisted Riley's attacks.
Answer: Find somewhere to go
Output: What does Tracy need to do before this?
Tracy has to resist Riley's attack and the answer is she has to find somewhere to go so the question is what does she do before this?
New input case for you: Context: Ash bought new furniture for his condo right after he moved in.
Answer: a new homeowner
Output: How would you describe Ash? | task581_socialiqa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task581_socialiqa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: You are given a statement written in Oriya. Choose the most logical word from the given 4 options which can be used to replace the <MASK> token in the statement. Output the word from the correct option .
PROBLEM: Statement: କହ୍ନେଇଲାଲ, ୧୯୪୭ ମସିହାରେ ପଶ୍ଚିମବଙ୍ଗର କଲିକତାଠାରେ ଜନ୍ମ ଲାଭ କରିଥିଲେ । ପିତା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରମୋହନ ଦାସ ଓ ମାତା ଅନିଲାବାଲା ମାଇତିଙ୍କର ସେ ଜ୍ୟେଷ୍ଠ ପୁତ୍ର ଥିଲେ । କହ୍ନେଇଲାଲଙ୍କ ଆଉ ଚାରି ଜଣ ଭାଇଭଉଣୀ ଥିଲେ । ପିତା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରମୋହନ, କଲିକତାର ଏକ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟାଳୟରେ 'ରେକର୍ଡ଼ କିପର' ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରୁଥିଲେ । ଭାନୁ ଓ କୁନା ତାଙ୍କ ଡାକ ନାମ ଥିଲା । ପିଲାଟି ଦିନରୁ ସେ ଦାରିଦ୍ର୍ୟ ଭିତରେ ବଢ଼ିଥିଲେ । କମର୍ଦ୍ଦାରେ ପ୍ରାଥମିକ ସ୍କୁଲ ଶିକ୍ଷା ସମାପ୍ତକରି, ସେ <MASK>ର ମହାରାଜ କୃଷ୍ଣଚନ୍ଦ୍ର ଉଚ୍ଚବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରୁ ପ୍ରଥମ ଶ୍ରେଣୀରେ ମାଟ୍ରିକ ପାସ କରିଥିଲେ । ସ୍କୁଲ ସମୟରେ ସାହିତ୍ୟପ୍ରତି ଥିବା ଭଲପାଇବା ଯୋଗୁ, ସେ ଶୁଭ୍ରାବରଣୀ ପାଠାଗାର ଗଢିଥିଲେ । ବାଲେଶ୍ୱର ଫକୀରମୋହନ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟରୁ, ସେ କଲେଜ ଶିକ୍ଷାଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥିଲେ । ଏହି ସମୟରୁ ସେ ଟିଉସନ କରି ପାଠ ଖର୍ଚ୍ଚ ଭରଣା କରୁଥିଲେ ।
Option A: ବାଲେଶ୍ୱରରୁ
Option B: ବାରିପଦା
Option C: ଚେନ୍ନାଇ
Option D: ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର
SOLUTION: ବାରିପଦା
PROBLEM: Statement: ଅଶୋକ (୩୦୪- ୨୩୨ ଖ୍ରୀ: ପୂ ) ଜଣେ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଭାରତର ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବଂଶୀୟ ସମ୍ରାଟ ଥିଲେ ଯିଏ ୨୬୯ ଖ୍ରୀ: ପୂରୁ ୨୩୨ ଖ୍ରୀ: ପୂ ଭିତରେ ସମଗ୍ର ଭାରତୀୟ ଉପମହାଦେଶକୁ ନିଜ ଅଧୀନକୁ ନେଇ ଆସି ଥିଲେ । ତାଙ୍କ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ ପଶ୍ଚିମରେ <MASK> ଓ ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ ଠାରୁ ପୂର୍ବରେ ବଙ୍ଗଳାଦେଶ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏବଂ ଉତ୍ତରରେ ପଞ୍ଜାବ ଠାରୁ ଦକ୍ଷିଣରେ ପାଖାପାଖି ଆନ୍ଧ୍ର ପ୍ରଦେଶ ଓ କେରଳ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଥିଲା । ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟର ରାଜଧାନୀ ପାଟଳୀପୁତ୍ରଠାରେ ଥିଲା । ସେ ବିଧ୍ୱଂସୀ କଳିଙ୍ଗ ଯୁଦ୍ଧର ତାଣ୍ଡବଲୀଳା ଦେଖିବା ପରେ ଧର୍ମାଶୋକରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତିତ ହୋଇ ଯାଇଥିଲେ ଓ ବୌଦ୍ଧ ଧର୍ମ ଗ୍ରହଣ କରି ଥିଲେ ।
Option A: ପଞ୍ଜାବ
Option B: କେରଳ
Option C: ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ
Option D: ପାକିସ୍ଥାନ
SOLUTION: ପାକିସ୍ଥାନ
PROBLEM: Statement: ଇଲନ ରିଭ ମସ୍କ (୨୮ ଜୁନ ୧୯୭୧ରେ ଜନ୍ମ) ହେଉଛନ୍ତି ଜଣେ ପ୍ରଦ୍ୟୋଗିକି ବ୍ୟବସାୟୀ, ନିବେଶକାରୀ ଏବଂ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରୀ । ସେ ଏକାଧାରରେ ଦକ୍ଷିଣ ଆଫ୍ରିକା, <MASK> ଏବଂ ଯୁକ୍ତରାଷ୍ଟ୍ର ଆମେରିକାର ନାଗରିକ ଅଟନ୍ତି । ଏହାଛଡ଼ା ସେ ମଙ୍ଗଳ ଗ୍ରହରେ ଜନବସତି ସ୍ଥାପନ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗ ସ୍ପେସଏକ୍ସ (SpaceX)ର ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟପାଳକ ଅଧିକାରୀ (CEO), ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଚିତ୍ରକାର ଏବଂ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା ; ଜୈବ ଇନ୍ଧନରେ ଚାଳିତ ଗାଡ଼ି ଉତ୍ପାଦନକାରୀ ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗ ଟେସ୍ଲା (Tesla)ର ସହ-ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା, ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟପାଳକ ଅଧିକାରୀ ଏବଂ ଉତ୍ପାଦ ବସ୍ତୁକାର (product architect); ମଣିଷର ମସ୍ତିଷ୍କରେ କାମ କରୁଥିବା ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗ, ନିଉରାଲଲିଙ୍କ(Neurallink)ର ସହ-ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା ଏବଂ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟପାଳକ ଅଧିକାରୀ; ଦେଶବିଦେଶକୁ ଅର୍ଥ ଆଦାନପ୍ରଦାନ କରୁଥିବା ଉଦ୍ୟୋଗ ପେପଲ (PayPal)ର ସହ-ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାତା.
Option A: କାନାଡା
Option B: କାନାଡ଼ା
Option C: Bogota
Option D: ବ୍ୟାଙ୍କ
SOLUTION: କାନାଡ଼ା
| task951_wiki_cloze_or_multiple_choice_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task951_wiki_cloze_or_multiple_choice_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
The input is a conversation between an automated system and a user looking for suggestions for pubs, restaurants and coffee shops in Cambridge. In the dialogue, the user may provide some criteria for the type of place they want such as price range, cuisine, etc. Similarly, the user may ask details of the place suggested by the system such as phone number, address, etc. Given such a dialogue, output a summary of the dialogue stating the criteria provided and details seeked by the user in this dialogue. The summary should strictly be in second person point of view. The summary should not contain any information that was not present in the conversation.
[Q]: System: 'Thank you for calling the Cambridge Information system. Your call will be recorded for research purposes. You may ask for information about a place to eat, such as a restaurant, a pub, or a cafe. How may I help you?'
User: 'background noise'
System: 'What kind of venue are you looking for? For example, a pub, or a restaurant.'
User: 'im looking for a restaurant that serves cafe food that is cheap'
System: 'Are you looking for a cafe or a restaurant?'
User: 'restaurant that serves cafe food'
System: 'Are you looking for a cafe or a restaurant?'
User: 'restaurant'
System: 'Subway, which serves cafe food, is a great restaurant. It's in the cheap price range.'
User: 'id like to know their phone number and area'
System: 'The phone number of Subway is 01223461323.'
User: 'what area is it in'
System: 'Subway is in the riverside part of town.'
User: 'alright thank you good bye'
[A]: You are looking for a cafe food restaurant and it should have cheap pricerange. You want to know the phone number and area.
[Q]: System: 'Thank you for calling the Cambridge Information system. Your call will be recorded for research purposes. You may ask for information about a place to eat, such as a restaurant, a pub, or a cafe. How may I help you?'
User: 'im looking for a pub that has internet and television'
System: 'The Bakers has an internet connection and it's an outstanding pub.'
User: 'does it have a tv'
System: 'The Bakers, which has an internet connection with a television, is an outstanding pub.'
User: 'and whats their average price'
System: 'The Alma has a television, it's in the moderate price range and it's an outstanding pub.'
User: 'does it have an internet connection'
System: 'There is no pub with an internet connection in the moderate price range.'
User: 'i didnt ask for a moderate price range i need a pub with internet and tv'
System: 'There is no pub with an internet connection in the moderate price range.'
User: 'try another price range'
System: 'There is no pub with an internet connection in the moderate price range.'
User: 'thank you goodbye'
[A]: You are looking for a pub and it should have an internet connection and have TV. You want to know the address and price range of the venue.
[Q]: System: 'Thank you for calling the Cambridge Information system. Your call will be recorded for research purposes. You may ask for information about a place to eat, such as a restaurant, a pub, or a cafe. How may I help you?'
User: 'breathing'
System: 'What kind of price range are you looking for? For example, cheap, expensive, or moderate.'
User: 'expensive restaurant'
System: 'Are you looking for somewhere near a particular venue? For example, Corpus Christi, Old Schools, or the Ruskin Gallery.'
User: 'romsey area'
System: 'What part of town do you have in mind? For example, something in the Barnwell, Chesterton, or riverside area.'
User: 'romsey are'
System: 'Are you looking for a venue in the Girton or Romsey area?'
User: 'romsey'
System: 'The Backstreet Bistro, which is in the Romsey part of town, is a great restaurant. It's in the expensive price range.'
User: 'background noise'
System: 'The Backstreet Bistro, which is in the Romsey part of town, is a great restaurant. It's in the expensive price range.'
User: 'phone number and postcode'
System: 'The phone number of the Backstreet Bistro is 01223306306 and it's in the area with the postcode CB1 2QA.'
User: 'phone number and postcode'
System: 'The phone number of the Backstreet Bistro is 01223306306 and it's in the area with the postcode CB1 2QA.'
User: 'thank you good bye'
[A]: You are looking for an expensive restaurant and it should be in the Romsey area. Make sure you get the phone number and postcode.
| task1499_dstc3_summarization | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1499_dstc3_summarization-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: identity-attack and non-identity-attack. Identity attack refers to anything rude or disrespectful about someone's identity, including appearance, race, gender, and sexual orientation.
Part 2. Example
Comment: It's bad enough we already have all these American sicko's living in this country shooting up theatre, schools, churches, malls, etc., we don't have room for crazy muslims.
Answer: Identity-attack
Explanation: This comment contains identity attacks on both American and Muslim.
Part 3. Exercise
Comment: Along with Roy and Johann... they've become unhinged. It's been fun to watch.
Answer: Non-identity-attack | task325_jigsaw_classification_identity_attack | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task325_jigsaw_classification_identity_attack-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given a statement and an explanation giving you further knowledge about an entity in the statement. You must judge whether the statement is true or false based on the explanation. Label an instance as "True" if the explanation confirms the statement or doesn't disprove it. Label an instance as "False" if the explanation disproves the statement. The statement and explanation are separated by a newline character.
Input: Consider Input: Scrubs a smart comedy about doctors originated on the The CW network.
Although Scrubs does play on the CW it was not originally on the CW network.
Output: False
Input: Consider Input: LTE require an iPhone to use.
Android users can access LTE.
Output: False
Input: Consider Input: One of the noble gas and chemical element is called Argon.
Argon is on the periodic table of elements.
Output: True
| task403_creak_commonsense_inference | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task403_creak_commonsense_inference-fs_opt | en |
Given a disfluent sentence, modify the sentence to it to its equivalent fluent form, preserving the meaning of the sentence.
Input: Consider Input: What process attributes significantly no no old wealth to those that already have it?
Output: What process attributes old wealth to those that already have it?
Input: Consider Input: During what period did Jacksonville become a popular destination for the rich no not that what period was it no longer a popular destination for the rich?
Output: During what age was Jacksonville no longer a popular destination for the rich?
Input: Consider Input: Vaginal secretions serve as a pathogen no a chemical protective barrier following what?
Output: Vaginal secretions serve as a chemical protective barrier following what?
| task1195_disflqa_disfluent_to_fluent_conversion | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1195_disflqa_disfluent_to_fluent_conversion-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes."
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Beginning: Lauren finished her late night shift at the bar feeling tired. Middle: Lauren took a long hot bath when she got home. Ending: Lauren's husband was glad to see her feeling refreshed.
Solution: Lauren's husband took a long hot bath when he got home.
Reason: If a person takes a bath, another person's tiredness is not reduced.
Now, solve this instance: Beginning: Bob entered a raffle. Middle: Bob won two tickets to a baseball game. Ending: Ultimately, he decided to take his friend and his wife got angry.
Student: Bob did not win two tickets to a baseball game. | task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a trivia clue, and the category it belongs to. You should answer with the best answer that belongs in the category and is described by the clue. For simplicity, answers should be in all lower cased letters.
Q: Category: STATIONERY
Clue: The card seen here is designed for use with this name brand
A: rolodex
****
Q: Category: MASSACRE
Clue: In 1991 this Ohio-based team trounced the Miami Heat 148-80 in the biggest NBA triumph ever
A: the cleveland cavaliers
****
Q: Category: ART
Clue: In 1543 this Venetian traveled to Bologna to paint the portrait "Pope Paul III Without Cap"
A: titian
****
| task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task306_jeopardy_answer_generation_double-fs_opt | en |
Use a disfluent question or a proper question and find the answer to the question based on the given context or return None if an answer can't be found. A disfluent question is a question that has some interruptions in it while framing. A proper question is the correct form of the question without any disfluency.
Ex Input:
proper question: What requires collaboration across zoning requirements?
disfluent question: What requires construction umm I mean collaboration across zoning requirements?
context: Large-scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it. For the successful execution of a project, effective planning is essential. Those involved with the design and execution of the infrastructure in question must consider zoning requirements, the environmental impact of the job, the successful scheduling, budgeting, construction-site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding, etc. The largest construction projects are referred to as megaprojects.
Ex Output:
None
Ex Input:
proper question: What are pharmacists in the United Kingdom being paid less for?
disfluent question: What are pharmacists in the United States or instead United Kingdom being paid less for?
context: This shift has already commenced in some countries; for instance, pharmacists in Australia receive remuneration from the Australian Government for conducting comprehensive Home Medicines Reviews. In Canada, pharmacists in certain provinces have limited prescribing rights (as in Alberta and British Columbia) or are remunerated by their provincial government for expanded services such as medications reviews (Medschecks in Ontario). In the United Kingdom, pharmacists who undertake additional training are obtaining prescribing rights and this is because of pharmacy education. They are also being paid for by the government for medicine use reviews. In Scotland the pharmacist can write prescriptions for Scottish registered patients of their regular medications, for the majority of drugs, except for controlled drugs, when the patient is unable to see their doctor, as could happen if they are away from home or the doctor is unavailable. In the United States, pharmaceutical care or clinical pharmacy has had an evolving influence on the practice of pharmacy. Moreover, the Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm. D.) degree is now required before entering practice and some pharmacists now complete one or two years of residency or fellowship training following graduation. In addition, consultant pharmacists, who traditionally operated primarily in nursing homes are now expanding into direct consultation with patients, under the banner of senior care pharmacy.
Ex Output:
None
Ex Input:
proper question: What was William Johnson's role in British military?
disfluent question: What was Chief Hendrick a member no William Johnson's role in British military?
context: The Iroquois sent runners to the manor of William Johnson in upstate New York. The British Superintendent for Indian Affairs in the New York region and beyond, Johnson was known to the Iroquois as Warraghiggey, meaning He who does great things. He spoke their languages and had become a respected honorary member of the Iroquois Confederacy in the area. In 1746, Johnson was made a colonel of the Iroquois. Later he was commissioned as a colonel of the Western New York Militia. They met at Albany, New York with Governor Clinton and officials from some of the other American colonies. Mohawk Chief Hendrick, Speaker of their tribal council, insisted that the British abide by their obligations and block French expansion. When Clinton did not respond to his satisfaction, Chief Hendrick said that the Covenant Chain, a long-standing friendly relationship between the Iroquois Confederacy and the British Crown, was broken.
Ex Output:
British Superintendent for Indian Affairs
| task1625_disfl_qa_asnwer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1625_disfl_qa_asnwer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given reviews from Amazon, classify those review based on their content into two classes: Negative or Positive.
Q: I've bought this book, underlined every hint of symbolism, found all evidence of romanticism, followed every quote involving thematic oppositions, and noted every example of Pearl's rebellious nature and social alienation, but I cannot find one positive aspect of this novel that makes any of my hard work feel rewarding. The only way this novel could give me a warm feeling is if I place it in a furnace.
A: Negative
****
Q: Well, this was a perfect ending to a long busy day. I ordered the movie under the Tucson Sun to sit back and relax. It was very very enjoyable. I'm saying all this in a long-winded way because this review requires I write 20 words. This is actually kind of a pain because I am turned off about writing anything about these. But it was a fine purchase.
A: Positive
****
Q: While there is much good information and insightful stories in this book, there is also some information that is just inaccurate and/or very disputed within the celiac community. If you are a newly diagnosed celiac, please read this book with caution and refer to other sources. Danna Korn's books (Wheat-free, Worry-free and Kids with Celiac) are very factual and well researched. Tania Pineo
A: Negative
****
| task493_review_polarity_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task493_review_polarity_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence and a profession. The sentence mentions two professions: one's gender is identifiable using the coreference link with gendered pronouns and the other's gender is unidentifiable. You are expected to return whether the given profession's gender is identifiable or unidentifiable.
Input: Consider Input: Sentence: The construction worker hired the cleaner so he can focus only on the construction work.
Profession: cleaner
Output: Unidentifiable
Input: Consider Input: Sentence: The manager agreed to raise the assistant 's salary because she worked very hard.
Profession: manager
Output: Unidentifiable
Input: Consider Input: Sentence: The carpenter called the hairdresser and then asked her for help.
Profession: carpenter
Output: Unidentifiable
| task350_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_pro | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task350_winomt_classification_gender_identifiability_pro-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a context, further information available on a particular linked term from the statement, and an answer term. Your job is to generate a question that can use the information provided to obtain the given answer. You should use the information on both context and link information to create the question. Note that the answer to the question should be exactly the given answer, and if the answer is none, the answer to the question shouldn't be obtainable from the context or linked information.
Context: In 1530 John Zápolya appointed him as the provost of the Buda cathedral Link Information: John Zápolya, or John Szapolyai (, , , 1490 or 1491 – 22 July 1540) Answer: 40
How old was Zapolya when he appointed Vrancic as the provost of the Buda cathedral?
Context: Adam also co-wrote and co-starred in the movie Rats and Cats, which premiered to sell-out audiences and critical acclaim at the 2006 Melbourne International Film Festival and went on to screen at the SXSW Film Festival in 2009. Link Information: none Answer: none
Who else co-starred in the movie that Zwar co-wrote that premiered to sell-out audiences at the 2006 Melbourne International Film Festival?
Context: He competed for the International Wrestling Association (IWA) in Puerto Rico, where, on November 1, 2003, he defeated Glamour Boy Shane to win the IWA World Heavyweight Championship Link Information: Smith toured in Japan first in July 2001. On June 7, 2003, Smith won the Pro Wrestling IRON Heavyweight Championship, by defeating Bart Blaxson, and held the title for nearly two years before he dropped it on April 28, 2005 to California wrestler Malachi. He competed for the International Wrestling Association (IWA) in Puerto Rico, where, on November 1, 2003, he defeated Glamour Boy Shane to win the IWA World Heavyweight Championship Answer: 5
How long did the wrestler who Bison Smith defeated for the IWA Heavyweight Championship on November 1, 2003 hold the title?
| task235_iirc_question_from_subtext_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task235_iirc_question_from_subtext_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given a sentence, generate a most unlikely next statement. The next statement should not be logically relevant to the given context
One example is below.
Q: The girls continue to speak with one another while the girl knits. They
A: put the bars around while speaking and play.
Rationale: This is incorrect as the girls are not playing, they are knitting.
Q: A man is sitting next to him playing two large drums with his hands. A man in a blue shirt
A: plays in front of a target. | task454_swag_incorrect_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task454_swag_incorrect_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given a sentence, fill out the missing word with a 'no' or a number (between zero and ten). You should write the numbers with english alphabet, like: four instead of 4.
Example: Female snakes incubate eggs inside of their bodies, giving birth to live young of ____ or more.
Example solution: ten
Example explanation: Snakes give birth to minimum ten young ones so ten is a correct answer.
Problem: Most linguists organize the African languages into ____ major language families .
Solution: four | task1359_numer_sense_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1359_numer_sense_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you're given a review from Amazon's food products. Your task is to generate a rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral or mixed, 4: good, 5: extremely good.
PROBLEM: I was one of fifty families chosen to receive Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters for free to do a product review on. Once I received my Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters in the mail, I and two of my grandsons decided to do the taste test immediately. The box of Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters comes with five individual packages. Each package is 100 calories. In fact, the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters are advertised as being 100 calorie packs so that people will know exactly how many calories they are having so there is no guesswork involved. Each 100 calorie package comes with three Oreo mini cakesters which translates to each mini cakester having approximately thirty-three and one third calories. The appearance of the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters is one of tiny chocolatey goodness. They are a dark chocolate color with a thin slice of cream filling and are soft and slightly crumbly. When you put a Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters into your mouth, they crumble into a delicious chocolate cake flavor. In fact, they do remind me a little of having a small bite of chocolate cake. The Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters mostly have a chocolate flavor and the cream filling isn't as easily tasted or rather it wasn't possible to isolate the flavor of the cream from the chocolate but I didn't have a problem with this and neither did either of my grandsons. My oldest grandson ate almost two 100 calories packs of the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters minus one or approximately 167 calories. He enjoyed eating them and even gave Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters his `lick of approval' to the wrapper they came in! My youngest grandson isn't able to communicate effectively verbally (he's special needs) but I considered his dedication to eating his Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters as a sign of approval as seen through his chocolate face and intensity as he ate his 100 calorie pack plus the one loose one from his older brother or his approximately 134 calories. I definitely give the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters a thumbs up. I believe that I really got a true sense of how good they tasted from my two 100 calorie packs or 200 calories worth of Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters that I ate. I honestly didn't mean to eat both 100 calorie packs but that last one was sitting there calling my name and my adult daughter was not home yet so, I ate it. But luckily I know that all I had was 200 calories which in the grand scheme of things is not too bad at all! I like the fact that the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters are presented as a 100 calorie pack. I found the thought comforting especially since I ate two packages of them! I even found it fun to know how many calories my grandsons were consuming of them too!! I am diabetic and overweight besides so knowing the calorie count is a good thing for me. I think the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters are good for a small chocolatey treat when you just want something sweet and chocolate but you don't want to overindulge. If I have any complaint about the Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters, it would be that they are too small!! But since that is actually part of their appeal, I don't consider their small size a problem. I do recommend Nabisco Oreo Mini Cakesters for anyone who wants a small and controlled portion of a chocolate treat because they are the perfect size to keep you in control of your diet instead of letting the chocolate treat control you.
SOLUTION: 5
PROBLEM: Very difficult to work with - tends to turn to solid rock even when following directions - taste is less than desirable
SOLUTION: 2
PROBLEM: These are the best spicy chips I have ever had the pleasure of eating. They start off sweet, then as you eat more the spice builds up. They are fantastic. If you don't want to commit to a whole case, pick up a bag at your local Whole Foods first, then stock up here when you realize how amazing they are. Got my case right here, and loving every bite. On a side note, this brand (Kettle Brand) has many delicious varieties- this is just my personal favorite. I also highly recommend: Backyard BBQ, Honey Dijon, Sweet Onion, Buffalo Bleu, Salt and Pepper and Death Valley Chipotle. Lays aint got nothin on Kettle Brand!!!
SOLUTION: 5
| task588_amazonfood_rating_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task588_amazonfood_rating_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a paragraph and title from the research paper. Your task is to classify whether the given title is suitable or not for the research paper based on the given paragraph. Return "True" if title is proper according to paragraph else "False".
One example: Paragraph: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic originating from China in 2002 was caused by a previously uncharacterized coronavirus that could be identified by specific RT-PCR amplification. Efforts to control future SARS outbreaks depend on the accurate and early identification of SARS-CoV infected patients. A real-time fluorogenic RT-PCR assay based on the 3 -noncoding region (3 -NCR) of SARS-CoV genome was developed as a quantitative SARS diagnostic tool. The ideal amplification efficiency of a sensitive SARS-CoV RT-PCR assay should yield an E value (PCR product concentration increase per amplification cycle) equal to 2.0. It was demonstrated that the 3 -NCR SARS-CoV based RT-PCR reactions could be formulated to reach excellent E values of 1.81, or 91% amplification efficacy. The SARS-CoV cDNA preparations derived from viral RNA extract and the cloned recombinant plasmid both exhibit the identical amplification characteristics, i.e. amplification efficacy using the same PCR formulation developed in this study. The viral genomic copy (or genomic equivalences, GE) per infectious unit (GE/pfu) of SARS-CoV used in this study was also established to be approximate 1200-1600:1. The assay's detection sensitivity could reach 0.005 pfu or 6-8 GE per assay. It was preliminarily demonstrated that the assay could efficiently detect SARS-CoV from clinical specimens of SARS probable and suspected patients identified in Taiwan. The 3 -NCR based SARS-CoV assay demonstrated 100% diagnostic specificity testing samples of patients with acute respiratory disease from a non-SARS epidemic region.
Title: Development and evaluation of an efficient 3 -noncoding region-based SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) RT-PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV
Solution is here: True
Explanation: The answer is true because the title of the paragraph is correct where it described the development of 3 -noncoding region of SARS-CoV genome and assay efficiently detecting SARS-CoV from clinical specimens.
Now, solve this: Paragraph: We investigated the antiviral activity of Arbidol, an antiviral chemical compound, against Coxsackie virus B5 (CVB 5 ) in vitro and in vivo. Arbidol not only prevented the cytopathic effect (CPE) of CVB 5 , as demonstrated in an MTT colorimetric assay, when added during or after viral infection, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) from 2.66 to 6.62 lg/ml, but it also decreased the CVB 5 -RNA level in infected host cells, as shown in semi-quantitative RT-PCR. BALB/c mice were used as an animal model to test the Arbidol activity in vivo. Orally administered Arbidol at 50 mg/kg body weight/day (once a day) significantly reduced mean virus yields in the lungs and heart as well as mortality after infection for 6 days. Our results demonstrate that in vitro and in vivo infection with CVB 5 can be effectively treated by Arbidol.
Title: Antiviral activity of Arbidol against Coxsackie virus B5 in vitro and in vivo
Solution: False | task1162_coda19_title_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1162_coda19_title_classification-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a sentence which contains a motion and your task is to identify the physical entities involved in the motion. The input sentence can have more than one entity and also there is at least one entity that takes part in physical motion. There are two types of entities which are animate (beings that are alive) and inanimate entities (beings that are not alive).
question:
"He placed the iron on the anvil without heating it at the forge; he simply hammered it hot and forged nail after nail, without the use of either anvil or bellows.
answer:
He
question:
Dasinger shrugged resignedly, recapped the tube, and dropped it in his pocket.
answer:
Dasinger
question:
We climbed the stairs and entered the room, where, according to Elinor's story, Arthur Wells had killed himself.
answer:
We
| task1518_limit_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1518_limit_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: sexual-explicit and non-sexual-explicit. A comment is considered sexual-explicit if it explicitly portrays sexual matters.
One example: Comment: President lied under oath about consensual sex...
Not the same thing as rape.
Solution is here: Sexual-explicit
Explanation: This comment explicitly mentions "consensual sex" and "rape", and thus is sexual-explicit.
Now, solve this: Comment: "Whenever I out on the roadways, I am in a Suburban or a Mercedes."
Wouldn't you and your wife be happier if you just got a penile implant?
Solution: Sexual-explicit | task323_jigsaw_classification_sexually_explicit | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task323_jigsaw_classification_sexually_explicit-fs_opt | en |
Turn the given fact into a question by a simple rearrangement of words. This typically involves replacing some part of the given fact with a WH word. For example, replacing the subject of the provided fact with the word "what" can form a valid question. Don't be creative! You just need to rearrange the words to turn the fact into a question - easy! Don't just randomly remove a word from the given fact to form a question. Remember that your question must evaluate scientific understanding. Pick a word or a phrase in the given fact to be the correct answer, then make the rest of the question. You can also form a question without any WH words. For example, "A radio converts electricity into?"
Q: Fact: cigars cause direct damage to the lungs.
A: what causes direct damage to the lungs?
****
Q: Fact: reefs are built by organisms that usually reproduce asexually.
A: What are built by organisms that usually reproduce asexually?
****
Q: Fact: a black hole is formed by high-mass dead stars.
A: what high-mass object forms black holes?
****
| task040_qasc_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task040_qasc_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a passage with an enumerated set of facts, a question of form 'Where is <person_name>?', and its answer. The task is to identify a supporting fact that is necessary to answer the question. The output would be the corresponding fact number.
[Q]: Passage: Fact 1- Daniel travelled to the hallway. Fact 2- John travelled to the office. Fact 3- Daniel went to the bedroom. Fact 4- Daniel went back to the office. Fact 5- Mary went to the bedroom. Fact 6- Mary went to the hallway. Fact 7- Mary travelled to the office. Fact 8- Sandra went to the garden. Fact 9- Daniel journeyed to the bedroom. Fact 10- John journeyed to the bedroom. Question: Where is Mary? Answer: office
[A]: Fact 7
[Q]: Passage: Fact 1- Mary travelled to the hallway. Fact 2- Sandra went to the garden. Fact 3- Daniel travelled to the bedroom. Fact 4- Mary went to the bedroom. Fact 5- Daniel moved to the hallway. Fact 6- John travelled to the bathroom. Question: Where is Sandra? Answer: garden
[A]: Fact 2
[Q]: Passage: Fact 1- Sandra went back to the office. Fact 2- Sandra moved to the bathroom. Fact 3- Mary travelled to the office. Fact 4- Mary moved to the hallway. Fact 5- Mary went to the bedroom. Fact 6- Mary journeyed to the office. Fact 7- Mary journeyed to the bathroom. Fact 8- Sandra travelled to the garden. Fact 9- Mary went to the kitchen. Fact 10- John travelled to the hallway. Question: Where is Mary? Answer: kitchen
[A]: Fact 9
| task084_babi_t1_single_supporting_fact_identify_relevant_fact | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task084_babi_t1_single_supporting_fact_identify_relevant_fact-fs_opt | en |
You are given an amazon food product review and its polarity (positive or negative). Your task is to answer "True" if the specified sentence and its polarity match; otherwise, answer "False".
Input: Consider Input: Every bit as good as any other brand I've tried. Fantastic taste and easy to use. This stuff can become addictive.
Polarity: Negative
Output: False
Input: Consider Input: This fruit gift really was the perfect gift! Everything was fresh, well packed and tasty looking! And the people that received it assured me that it was quite tasty tasting too. And tried the chocolate covered cherries ad was surprised at how delicious they were! So thank you! I needed something in a pinch and it came even earlier than expected!SO THANK YOU AGAIN! Dharana,San Francisco
Polarity: Positive
Output: True
Input: Consider Input: We first had Stonewall Waffle Mix when we received it in a gift basket about a year and half ago. We have been using it ever since. The flavor of the waffles are absolutely out of this world. We won't ever go back to Bisquick for our waffles!
Polarity: Positive
Output: True
| task587_amazonfood_polarity_correction_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task587_amazonfood_polarity_correction_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you need to count the occurrences of the given word in the given sentence.
Example Input: Sentence: 'a person is riding a bicycle but there is a train in the background'. Count the occurrences of the word 'a' in the given sentence.
Example Output: 3
Example Input: Sentence: 'a blue boat is up on blocks at a dock'. Count the occurrences of the word 'a' in the given sentence.
Example Output: 2
Example Input: Sentence: 'a man standing in a kitchen with a baby and dog'. Count the occurrences of the word 'baby' in the given sentence.
Example Output: 1
| task158_count_frequency_of_words | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task158_count_frequency_of_words-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given data in the tabular format and a question. Write the answer to the question based on the information in the table.
One example is below.
Q: Table: ['Pick', 'Player', 'Team', 'Position', 'School']. ['1', 'Ben McDonald', 'Baltimore Orioles', 'RHP', 'Louisiana State University']. ['2', 'Tyler Houston', 'Atlanta Braves', 'C', 'Valley HS (Las Vegas, NV)']. ['3', 'Roger Salkeld', 'Seattle Mariners', 'RHP', 'Saugus (CA) HS']. ['4', 'Jeff Jackson', 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'OF', 'Simeon HS (Chicago, IL)']. ['5', 'Donald Harris', 'Texas Rangers', 'OF', 'Texas Tech University']. ['6', 'Paul Coleman', 'Saint Louis Cardinals', 'OF', 'Frankston (TX) HS']. ['7', 'Frank Thomas', 'Chicago White Sox', '1B', 'Auburn University']. ['8', 'Earl Cunningham', 'Chicago Cubs', 'OF', 'Lancaster (SC) HS']. ['9', 'Kyle Abbott', 'California Angels', 'LHP', 'Long Beach State University']. ['10', 'Charles Johnson', 'Montreal Expos', 'C', 'Westwood HS (Fort Pierce, FL)']. ['11', 'Calvin Murray', 'Cleveland Indians', '3B', 'W.T. White High School (Dallas, TX)']. ['12', 'Jeff Juden', 'Houston Astros', 'RHP', 'Salem (MA) HS']. ['13', 'Brent Mayne', 'Kansas City Royals', 'C', 'Cal State Fullerton']. ['14', 'Steve Hosey', 'San Francisco Giants', 'OF', 'Fresno State University']. ['15', 'Kiki Jones', 'Los Angeles Dodgers', 'RHP', 'Hillsborough HS (Tampa, FL)']. ['16', 'Greg Blosser', 'Boston Red Sox', 'OF', 'Sarasota (FL) HS']. ['17', 'Cal Eldred', 'Milwaukee Brewers', 'RHP', 'University of Iowa']. ['18', 'Willie Greene', 'Pittsburgh Pirates', 'SS', 'Jones County HS (Gray, GA)']. ['19', 'Eddie Zosky', 'Toronto Blue Jays', 'SS', 'Fresno State University']. ['20', 'Scott Bryant', 'Cincinnati Reds', 'OF', 'University of Texas']. ['21', 'Greg Gohr', 'Detroit Tigers', 'RHP', 'Santa Clara University']. ['22', 'Tom Goodwin', 'Los Angeles Dodgers', 'OF', 'Fresno State University']. ['23', 'Mo Vaughn', 'Boston Red Sox', '1B', 'Seton Hall University']. ['24', 'Alan Zinter', 'New York Mets', 'C', 'University of Arizona']. ['25', 'Chuck Knoblauch', 'Minnesota Twins', '2B', 'Texas A&M University']. ['26', 'Scott Burrell', 'Seattle Mariners', 'RHP', 'Hamden (CT) HS']. Question: Who is from louisiana state university?
A: Ben McDonald
Rationale: The answer correctly satisfies the given question and is based on the information based in the given table.
Q: Table: ['Township', 'FIPS', 'Population center', 'Population', 'Population density /km2 (/sq mi)', 'Land area km2 (sq mi)', 'Water area km2 (sq mi)', 'Water %', 'Geographic coordinates']. ['Ash Creek', '02575', '', '58', '1 (2)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.51%', "38deg39'17''N 98deg12'47''W / 38.65472degN 98.21306degW"]. ['Black Wolf', '07025', '', '87', '1 (2)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.10%', "38deg44'40''N 98deg19'33''W / 38.74444degN 98.32583degW"]. ['Carneiro', '10800', '', '57', '1 (2)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.36%', "38deg45'2''N 97deg59'46''W / 38.75056degN 97.99611degW"]. ['Clear Creek', '13725', '', '91', '1 (3)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.17%', "38deg44'10''N 98deg6'16''W / 38.73611degN 98.10444degW"]. ['Columbia', '15025', '', '60', '1 (2)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.04%', "38deg50'5''N 98deg18'50''W / 38.83472degN 98.31389degW"]. ['Ellsworth', '20525', '', '797', '9 (23)', '88 (34)', '0 (0)', '0.23%', "38deg43'6''N 98deg10'58''W / 38.71833degN 98.18278degW"]. ['Empire', '21150', '', '174', '1 (3)', '171 (66)', '14 (6)', '7.79%', "38deg39'6''N 98deg1'7''W / 38.65167degN 98.01861degW"]. ['Garfield', '25575', '', '27', '0 (1)', '92 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.30%', "38deg50'9''N 98deg6'42''W / 38.83583degN 98.11167degW"]. ['Green Garden', '28600', 'Lorraine', '211', '2 (6)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.22%', "38deg33'30''N 98deg19'19''W / 38.55833degN 98.32194degW"]. ['Langley', '38600', '', '76', '1 (2)', '92 (35)', '2 (1)', '1.86%', "38deg35'33''N 97deg58'15''W / 38.59250degN 97.97083degW"]. ['Lincoln', '40675', '', '62', '1 (2)', '95 (37)', '0 (0)', '0.22%', "38deg39'8''N 98deg18'0''W / 38.65222degN 98.30000degW"]. ['Mulberry', '49050', '', '44', '0 (1)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.24%', "38deg50'5''N 97deg58'28''W / 38.83472degN 97.97444degW"]. ['Noble', '50825', '', '90', '1 (3)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.04%', "38deg44'51''N 98deg25'33''W / 38.74750degN 98.42583degW"]. ['Palacky', '54100', '', '63', '1 (2)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.08%', "38deg38'51''N 98deg25'56''W / 38.64750degN 98.43222degW"]. ['Sherman', '64950', '', '65', '1 (2)', '94 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.22%', "38deg49'21''N 98deg13'7''W / 38.82250degN 98.21861degW"]. ['Thomas', '70450', '', '72', '1 (2)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.21%', "38deg33'56''N 98deg11'33''W / 38.56556degN 98.19250degW"]. ['Trivoli', '71525', '', '55', '1 (2)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.38%', "38deg35'7''N 98deg4'23''W / 38.58528degN 98.07306degW"]. ['Valley', '72800', 'Holyrood', '577', '6 (16)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.14%', "38deg34'22''N 98deg24'56''W / 38.57278degN 98.41556degW"]. ['Wilson', '79700', 'Wilson', '894', '10 (25)', '93 (36)', '0 (0)', '0.06%', "38deg49'34''N 98deg27'23''W / 38.82611degN 98.45639degW"]. Question: what are all of the townships?
A: ['Ash Creek', 'Black Wolf', 'Carneiro', 'Clear Creek', 'Columbia', 'Ellsworth', 'Empire', 'Garfield', 'Green Garden', 'Langley', 'Lincoln', 'Mulberry', 'Noble', 'Palacky', 'Sherman', 'Thomas', 'Trivoli', 'Valley', 'Wilson'] | task758_msr_sqa_question_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task758_msr_sqa_question_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a sentence in either Spanish or English. Your task is to determine the language of the input sentence. Input sentences can only be in Spanish or English, and they cannot be in two languages at the same time.
--------
Question: Creo que ese es un objetivo importante porque, si queremos llegar a la gente, no tenemos más remedio que ir allí donde está y, por tanto, la descentralización de la campaña es una tarea prioritaria.
Answer: Spanish
Question: La comisión parlamentaria aprobó, en particular, la revisión obligatoria de la directiva de aquí a 2004, lo que permitirá revisar los valores-límite fijados en el texto y las medidas adoptadas para respetarlos.
Answer: Spanish
Question: In the case of an ozone alert, we also need to be able to take short-term action.
Answer: English
| task533_europarl_es-en_language_identification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task533_europarl_es-en_language_identification-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you're given passages that contain mentions of names of people, places, or things. Some of these mentions refer to the same person, place, or thing. Your job is to write questions that evaluate one's understanding of such references. Good questions are expected to link pronouns (she, her, him, his, their, etc.) or other mentions to people, places, or things to which they may refer. Do not ask questions that can be answered correctly without understanding the paragraph or having multiple answers. Avoid questions that do not link phrases referring to the same entity. For each of your questions, the answer should be one or more phrases in the paragraph, and it should be unambiguous.
Passage: Nearing London, Oliver encounters Jack Dawkins, a pickpocket more commonly known by the nickname the "Artful Dodger", and his sidekick, a boy of a humorous nature named Charley Bates, but Oliver's innocent and trusting nature fails to see any dishonesty in their actions. The Dodger provides Oliver with a free meal and tells him of a gentleman in London who will "give him lodgings for nothing, and never ask for change". Grateful for the unexpected assistance, Oliver follows the Dodger to the "old gentleman's" residence. In this way Oliver unwittingly falls in with an infamous Jewish criminal known as Fagin, the gentleman of whom the Artful Dodger spoke. Ensnared, Oliver lives with Fagin and his gang of juvenile pickpockets in their lair at Saffron Hill for some time, unaware of their criminal occupations. He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs.
Solution: Who believes Fagin's gang make wallets and handkerchiefs?.
Why? This question is based on the following sentence in the passage "He believes they make wallets and handkerchiefs". It evaluates the understanding that the pronoun "he" refers to name "Oliver". You can ask questions like this one about most pronouns in a paragraph.
New input: Passage: Iris is a shy young professional who doesn't want to rock the boat at the office where she temps. Margaret is the polar opposite, and serves as a catalyst to help Iris become more assertive. Paula eagerly awaits post-work happy hours and the chance to flirt with attractive men. Jane (Ubach) is engaged to marry a jerk who is already cheating on her. Margaret hopes to become a permanent employee as an assistant to Mr. Lasky, but her dreams are thwarted when he suddenly dies. The four temps form a camaraderie which assists them in getting through their boring and tedious days at work.
A series of thefts occur in the office and suspicion falls on the temps, particularly Margaret. When Iris finds a plastic monkey inside Margaret's desk that she had thought was stolen, Iris loses faith in Margaret and believes that she is the office thief. Margaret suggests a one-day strike from work due to mistreatment and being under appreciated as temps, and her friends halfheartedly agree to join her, but on the appointed day Margaret is the only one who does not come to work. As a result, the company's officious head of human resources fires Margaret, and management micromanages the remaining three temps. Iris, Paula and Jane's friendship comes to an end as result of the stress, ending the camaraderie among the temporary workers, and eventually they all go their separate ways. Paula is upset when she learns of Jane's wedding from a newspaper announcement, to which she was not invited, and leaves to work in another department.
It is later discovered that another employee (a rich girl who was hired as a permanent employee after her first day) was the thief and that Margaret simply had a similar toy in her desk. Iris confronts the thief when her diary disappears; Iris later receives a new diary and note of apology.
Solution: What dreams of Margaret are thwarted when Mr. Lasky dies? | task001_quoref_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task001_quoref_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given the beginning and the middle of a three-part story. Your job is to complete the short story by writing a probable ending. Generated sentences must be short, have fewer than 10 words, and be simple as if narrating to a child. Avoid using any irrelevant extra information when creating the ending, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible.
Example input: Beginning: Helen lived in the state of Washington. Middle: Helen planned to drive to Canada but it started snowing heavily.
Example output: Helen stayed home instead and planned to go another day.
Example explanation: Generally, people prefer not to drive in bad weather.
Q: Beginning: Jess heard about a recent murder in town. Middle: A man tried to rob two siblings.
A: She grabbed the gun and shot, unfortunately she shot her brother. | task071_abductivenli_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task071_abductivenli_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given an article, a question which often contains a blank, four options (associated with "A", "B", "C", "D") and the answer to that question. Your task is to classify whether the given answer is correct or not by providing "Yes" or "No", based on the article.
Article: When it comes to film, people usually favor good over evil, focus on the main characters and ignore the supporting characters. But when it comes to the Minions , these conventions go right out of the window. Originally comedic background characters in the Despicable Me series, these yellow pill-shaped screwballs have totally stolen the show. This summer the characters appeared in their own self-titled movie in theaters abroad, having the second biggest opening weekend of all time for an animated film, according to USA Today. Recently, McDonald's has been including Minion toys with kids' meals in some regions, causing loyal fans to go to the restaurant to collect them all. Related video games, clothing, toys and other merchandise are sweeping the world. The movie's huge popularity even surprised its writers. "We never knew the Minions were going to be so popular. It just became a force of nature," the film's co-writer, Cinco Paul, told the Los Angeles Times. So, what makes the banana-loving Minions a big hit? For many, the most attractive is obviously their cuteness. Their simple, graphic nature can easily transcend cultures and age groups. "Even children can draw them", Los Angeles Times reporter, Rebecca Keegan, wrote. But there's more than just cuteness. US entertainment website, HitFix, explains that their way of communicating makes the creatures infectious as well. They largely speak in nonsense words. But it seems everyone can understand them through their exaggerated movements and expressions. They desire nothing more than to serve their most despicable master, Felonious Gru. And this evil characteristic strikes a chord with humans. "Perhaps we love Minions because they remind us of ourselves," Huffington Post associate Web editor, Sara Boboltz, wrote.
Question: What has McDonald's done to attract customers?
Options: (A) It has made its food look like Minions. (B) It has made Minion video games to show to customers. (C) It is giving some Minion clothes to customers as gifts. (D) It is offering Minion toys to attract fans.
Asnwer: C
No
Article: *1. Malan Flower: China Children's Art Theatre stages a fairy tale musical "Malan Flower" this weekend. Beautiful Malan flowers were blossoming everywhere on Malan Mountain, and hard-working girl Xiao Lan was married to the god of flowers, Ma Lang. They lived a happy life in harmony with Grandpa Tree. and all the lovely little animals. However, greedy Old Cat made use of the jealousy of elder sister Da Lan to kill Xiao Lan, in an attempt to keep the magic Malan flower under her possession. This fairy tale entertained three generations of Chinese youth. Time: 7: 30 p. m., until August 21 Place: The Great Theatre of the Cultural Palace of the Nationalities, west of Xidan Area Tel: 6602-2530 *2. Joyful jugglers: The China Acrobatic Troupe is staging a nightly variety show at the Tiandi Theatre, where the seemingly impossible becomes a reality, where performers spin plates and juggle umbrellas. Contortionists show incredible feats of flexibility and acrobats leap through the air. Integrating juggling, unicycling, balancing and jumping through hoops with the finest ancient Chinese dancing, the performance will amuse you. Time: 7: 15 p. m., daily Place: 10 Dongzhimen Nandajie, Chaoyang District Tel: 6502-3984 *3. Tour of love: Taiwan singer David Tao (Tao Zhe), who is on a global tour, will arrive in Beijing next month. Tao Zhe was born into a musical family. His father is an expert in Western pop music while his mother is from a family famous for playing Peking Opera. This probably explains why Too approaches pop music from a unique angle , which separates him from the average pop singer. With the song "Forever Love You" as the theme of the concert, Tao will share his love and ideas for life and music with his fans. Time: 7: 30 p. m. , September 10 Place: Capital Gymnasium, Baishiqiao Lu Tel: 6835-4055 *4. Army artist: An exhibition featuring artist Li Shaozhou's personal and meticulous style of painting will be held at the National Art Museum of China. Born in Henan Province, Li showed strong interests in art during his childhood, and was a specialized artist in the army. The exhibition will present 65 paintings of modern figures, birds and flowers that he has made over the past decade, during which he has formed his own style by absorbing other painting techniques. Time: 9 a. m. ~ 5 p. m., August 23 ~ 29 Place: 1 Wusi Dajie Tel: 8403-3500
Question: Which advertisement will Michael be most interested in if he likes fairy tales?
Options: (A) Malan Flower. (B) Joyful jugglers. (C) Tour of love. (D) Army artist.
Asnwer: B
No
Article: Gabby Logan was a gymnast when she was young. She is now the 39-year-old mother of seven-year-old twins, Reuben and Lois. The other day on TV she was dressed in a new swimsuit, which was designed to show off her nice figure, which was admired by a great number of television viewers. Gabby, who won high praise for her television show of the Olympics, has asked the woman of the whole nation to go to the swimming pool, saying the secret of her figure is regular swimming. She is also making advertisements for the new Sculpture Swimwear of Speedo, an international swimsuit company, to help women find the perfect swimsuit. Gabby said, "We all felt uneasy about getting into our swimwear at first. But we should be excited by the sporting achievements we have seen at the Olympics this summer. To get ourselves a little healthier, have a try and go to the swimming pool. " Then she said," Swimming is the perfect exercise if you want to feel healthy or simply relax. I find that going for a swim always clears my mind and also gives me some valuable 6 my time'. I like the calm of swimming which I can't experience when I am not in the pool. " A study by Speedo, an International company, which sells swimsuits, reported the biggest reason why women were put off going to the pool was the way they looked in swimwear. More than half of the l,000 women surveyed have been reduced to tears when trying on swimwear. And 48 percent said they felt too self-conscious to go swimming with their children. Sally Polak, from Speedo, said, " We're hoping to give women the courage and confidence to get back into the water. "
Question: What can we learn about Gabby Logan?
Options: (A) She has two children of the same age. (B) She appeared on TV to show off her nice figure. (C) She was a swimmer when she was young. (D) She took part in the Olympic Games when she was young.
Asnwer: B
No
| task310_race_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task310_race_classification-fs_opt | en |
Given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a counterfactual context, the task is to generate a new story ending aligned with the counterfactual context and as close to the original ending as possible. Each instance consists of a five-sentence story. The premise is the first sentence of a story, and the second sentence, which is the initial context, provides more information about the story's context and the story's general plot. The original ending is the last three sentences of the story. Also, a counterfactual context is a slight modification to the initial context. You should write a new story ending that edits the original story ending as little as possible to regain coherence with the counterfactual context. To sum up, you should write the last three sentences of a story based on the premise(first sentence) and the counterfactual context(second sentence) of the story.
Premise: Sara is single.
Initial Context: She wants to find a boyfriend but doesn't know how.
Original Ending: She talks to her friends to get ideas. She decides to try online dating. Sara meets someone and decides to meet them for a date.
Counterfactual Context: She wants to be single for a while.
She talks to her friends to get ideas. She decides not to try online dating. Sara meets nobody and decides to not go on a date.
Premise: I said a prayer for Michael earlier today.
Initial Context: He was sick in the hospital.
Original Ending: A lady gave Michael AIDS. I prayed hard for Michael today. Michael just died.
Counterfactual Context: He was my pet turtle.
A lady gave Michael poison. I prayed hard for Michael today. Michael just died.
Premise: Linda wanted to save money.
Initial Context: She enjoyed working out but her gym membership was expensive.
Original Ending: She cancelled her gym membership. Linda bought some free weights and used free workouts online. She was able to stay active and save money at the same time.
Counterfactual Context: She enjoyed working out, and would not give up her membership.
She cancelled her Netflix membership instead. Linda used the gym's free weights and used free workouts there. She was still able to stay active and save money at the same time.
| task269_csrg_counterfactual_story_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task269_csrg_counterfactual_story_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be presented with a question having multiple possible answers in Chinese language. And you should choose a most suitable option out of "A", "B", "C", "D", and "E" based on your commonsense knowledge.
Ex Input:
Question: 乔在家里跑来跑去，越过物业边界，撞上了精心修剪的玫瑰花丛，对玫瑰花丛和自己都造成了伤害。 玫瑰花丛可能在哪里？
Options: A 邻居家院子 B 土里土气 C 领域 D 性质 E 植物园
Ex Output:
A
Ex Input:
Question: 她想在墨西哥湾附近找一套公寓，她应该去哪里找呢？
Options: A 密西根 B 华盛顿 C 加利福尼亚 D 社区 E 佛罗里达
Ex Output:
E
Ex Input:
Question: 一粒沙子如果进入你的什么地方，可能会引起你的不适。
Options: A 桶 B 沙堆 C 滩 D 蛤 E 泳衣
Ex Output:
E
| task1141_xcsr_zh_commonsense_mc_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1141_xcsr_zh_commonsense_mc_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a set of context paragraph and some supporting facts to answer a question. Your task is to generate answer for given question based on set of context paragraphs and supporting facts.
One example: Context_1 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. He is one of the first American composers of international renown, though his music was largely ignored during his life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years. Over time, he came to be regarded as an "American original". He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Context_2 : Daniel Evan Freeman (born 27 April 1959) is an American musicologist who specializes in European art music of the eighteenth century, in particular the musical culture of eighteenth-century Prague and the Bohemian lands. He is also active as a pianist and music editor. Context_3 : Art music (also known as Western classical music, cultivated music, serious music, canonic music, and more flippantly, real music or normal music) is an umbrella term that refers to musical traditions, implying advanced structural and theoretical considerations and a written musical tradition. "Serious" or "cultivated" music are terms frequently used as a contrast for ordinary, everyday music (popular and folk music, also called "vernacular music"). After the 20th century, art music was divided into two extensions: "serious music" and "light music". Context_4 : In the history of European art music, the term "common practice period" refers to the era between the formation and the dissolution of the tonal system. Though there are no exact dates for this phenomenon, most features of the common-practice period persisted from the mid to late baroque period, through the Classical and Romantic periods, or roughly from around 1650 to 1900. While certain prevailing patterns and conventions characterize the music of this period, the time period also saw considerable stylistic evolution. Some conventions evolved during this period that were rarely employed at other times during what may still be labeled "common practice" (for example, Sonata Form). Thus, the dates 1650–1900 are necessarily nebulous and arbitrary borders that depend on context. The most important unifying feature through this time period concerns a harmonic language to which modern music theorists can apply Roman numeral analysis. Context_5 : The Festival Oude Muziek Utrecht ("Utrecht Early Music Festival") is an annual music festival that showcases and celebrates early European art music. The ten-day festival takes place in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and begins in August. The programme comprises concerts, activities, lectures, exhibitions, and a symposium. Context_6 : Assaf Shelleg (Hebrew: אסף שלג ), is a musicologist and pianist, a senior lecturer of musicology at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was previously the Schusterman Visiting Assistant Professor of Musicology and Jewish Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Virginia (2011–14), and had taught prior to that as the visiting Efroymson Scholar in the Jewish, Islamic & Near Eastern Languages and Cultures Department at Washington University in St. Louis (2009–11). Shelleg specializes in twentieth-century Jewish and Israeli art music and has published in some of the leading journals in both musicology and Israel Studies on topics ranging from the historiography of modern Jewish art music to the theological networks of Israeli art music. Shelleg's book, "Jewish Contiguities and the Soundtrack of Israeli History", appeared in November 2014 with Oxford University Press. The book studies the emergence of modern Jewish art music in central and Western Europe (1910s-1930s) and its translocation to Palestine/Israel (1930s-1970s), exposing the legacies of European antisemitism and religious Judaism in the making of Israeli art music. Moving to consider the dislocation of modern Jewish art music the book examines the paradoxes embedded in a Zionist national culture whose rhetoric negated its pasts, only to mask process of hybridizations enchained by older legacies. "Jewish Contiguities" has won the 2015 Engle Prize for the study of Hebrew Music, and the 2016 Jordan Schnitzer Book Award. Context_7 : Vocal harmony is a style of vocal music in which a consonant note or notes are simultaneously sung as a main melody in a predominantly homophonic texture. Vocal harmonies are used in many subgenres of European art music, including Classical choral music and opera and in the popular styles from many Western cultures ranging from folk songs and musical theater pieces to rock ballads. In the simplest style of vocal harmony, the main vocal melody is supported by a single backup vocal line, either at a pitch which is above or below the main vocal line, often in thirds or sixths which fit in with the chord progression used in the song. In more complex vocal harmony arrangements, different backup singers may sing two or even three other notes at the same time as each of the main melody notes, mostly with consonant, pleasing-sounding thirds, sixths, and fifths (although dissonant notes may be used as short passing notes). Context_8 : David Wallis Reeves (February 14, 1838 – March 8, 1900), also known as D. W. Reeves or Wally Reeves, was an American composer, cornetist, and bandleader. He developed the American march style, later made famous by the likes of John Philip Sousa, and his innovations include adding a countermelody to the American march form in 1876. Sousa called Reeves "The Father of Band Music in America", and stated he wished he himself had written Reeves' "Second Regiment Connecticut National Guard March". Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. Context_9 : "Indian classical music is one of many forms of art music that have their roots in particular regional cultures. For other "classical" and art music traditions, see List of classical and art music traditions." Context_10 : Progressive music is music that subverts genre and expands stylistic boundaries outwards. Rooted in the idea of a cultural alternative, musical progressiveness embodies a continuous move between explicit and implicit references to genres and strategies derived from various cultural domains, such as European art music, Celtic folk, West Indian, or African. The word "progressive" comes from the basic concept of "progress", which refers to development and growth by accumulation, and is often deployed in numerous music genres such as progressive country, progressive folk, progressive jazz, and (most significantly) progressive rock. fact_1 : Charles Ives also borrowed from the "Second Connecticut" on four occasions. fact_2 : Charles Edward Ives ( ; October 20, 1874May 19, 1954) was an American modernist composer. fact_3 : He combined the American popular and church-music traditions of his youth with European art music, and was among the first composers to engage in a systematic program of experimental music, with musical techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, tone clusters, aleatory elements, and quarter tones, foreshadowing many musical innovations of the 20th century. Question: What is the birthyear of the American composer that borrowed from "Second Connecticut" on four occasions and combined American popular and church-music traditions with European art music?
Solution is here: 1874May
Explanation: From the fact_1 from context _8, and fact _2 and fact _3 from context _1, we can arrive at 1874 May which is accurate answer of given question.
Now, solve this: Context_1 : Mera Naseeb (Urdu: , English: My Fate ) is a Hum TV drama which aired from 1 April 2011 to 26 August 2011. The drama featured a huge ensemble star cast including Samina Peerzada, Sakina Samoo, Rubina Ashraf, Bushra Ansari, Shagufta Ejaz, Durdana Butt, Sajid Hassan, Adeel Hussain, Imran Abbas, Imran Aslam, Syra Yousuf, Sanam Saeed, Rehan Sheikh, Ali Afzal and Sabahat Bukhari. Indian-American author Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni has accused the writers of the show of plagiarizing her novel "Sister of My Heart" for the story of the serial. She has also threatened to take legal action against the writers of the show. However the screenplay writer had mentioned earlier before the show's original run that it is a drama adaptation of a story provided to them. Only recently it was mentioned the screenplay writers had no prior knowledge a plagiarized work was being provided to them to work with. Context_2 : Edward Hume (born May 18, 1936, in Chicago) is an American film and television writer, best known for creating and developing several TV series in the 1970s, and for writing the 1983 TV movie "The Day After". Context_3 : Michael Miu Kiu-wai (born 18 June 1958) is a Hong Kong actor. He was considered as one of the most popular young actors of the 1980s, and along with Tony Leung, Andy Lau, Felix Wong, and Kent Tong, he was a member of TVB's Five Tigers. Miu's trade mark role was as the dashing and suave wuxia Knight-errant, although he is perhaps best known for the villainous Yeung Hong in the 1983 TV drama "The Legend of the Condor Heroes". Context_4 : Beautiful Connection () is a Singaporean Chinese family drama serial. It was telecast in 2002. The show earned many nominations for the Star Awards including Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actress, Best TV Drama, Best Theme Song, Best Director and many more. Context_5 : Kacey Rohl (born August 6, 1991) is a Canadian actress best known for her roles as Sterling Fitch in the TV crime drama "The Killing", Prudence in the 2011 dark fantasy film "Red Riding Hood", Abigail Hobbs in the TV drama "Hannibal", and her role as Kerry Campbell in the TV sci-fi drama "Wayward Pines". Context_6 : Brittany Alexandra Tiplady (born January 21, 1991) is a Canadian actress best known for her role as Jordan Black in the television series "Millennium" (1996–99). She won a 1998 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Drama Series – Supporting Actress. She also played the role of Maggie in the 2007 film "Hot Rod". Context_7 : Daniel Raymond Massey (10 October 193325 March 1998) was an English actor and performer. He is possibly best known for his starring role in the British TV drama "The Roads to Freedom", as Daniel, alongside Michael Bryant. He is also known for his role in the 1968 American film "Star!", as Noël Coward (Massey's godfather), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and an Oscar nomination. Context_8 : Xu Haiqiao (born 17 April 1983 in Jinan, Shandong), also known by his English name Joe Xu, is a Chinese (Mainland) actor. After graduating from Shanghai Theatre Academy, he participated in a talent show for the tv drama "The Dream of Red Mansions" in 2007, achieving third place in the group of Baoyu. In 2008 he starred in The Dream Of Red Mansions (2010) as "Liu Xianglian". He is best known for his roles as "Meng Xuanlang" in The Journey of Flower, as Feng Jing in "Revive" and as Yuan Zhan in Lost Love in Times. Context_9 : A Change of Heart (), is a Hong Kong television modern drama serial produced by Nelson Cheung, starring Michael Miu, Bosco Wong, Niki Chow, Joey Meng and Mandy Wong. It premiered on TVB Jade in Hong Kong on June 3, 2013. Context_10 : Siddharth Shukla is an Indian actor and model. He made his acting debut in the 2008 Sony TV show Babul Ka Aangann Chootey Na which was a moderate success. Shukla has also been a part of shows like Star One's Jaane Pehchaane Se Ye Ajnabbi and Star Plus's short-lived series Love U Zindagi. In 2013, He participated in the sixth season of dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa. Shukla is best known for his portrayal of Shivraj Alok Shekhar in Colors TV drama series Balika Vadhu. In 2014 Shukla made his big-screen debut in a supporting role with Shashank Khaitan's romantic comedy Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania fact_1 : A Change of Heart (), is a Hong Kong television modern drama serial produced by Nelson Cheung, starring Michael Miu, Bosco Wong, Niki Chow, Joey Meng and Mandy Wong. fact_2 : Miu's trade mark role was as the dashing and suave wuxia Knight-errant, although he is perhaps best known for the villainous Yeung Hong in the 1983 TV drama "The Legend of the Condor Heroes". Question: The star of A Change of Heart is best known for his performance in what 1983 TV drama?
Solution: The Legend of the Condor Heroes | task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task170_hotpotqa_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In this task, you are given a hateful post in English from online platforms. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: aggresive or non-aggresive. An aggresive post is one that expresses feelings and opinions in an abusive way and tries to dominate others. Note that the URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
question:
Post: WHACKS AGAIN. 'Bitch, no the fuck you don't you damn skank.'
answer:
Non-aggresive
question:
Post: We can only boycott All Sanctuary States, it's our only way to sway the politics. We have allowed illegal immigration to repopulate CA and other states to the point that latinos havr overwelmed the fabric of those states. [Link]
answer:
Aggresive
question:
Post: Corey Lewandowski I am sure Liberals wont be upset that these Illegals Killed U.S Citizens Separatng their familes Illegal immigrant charged with killing two Miami women, dumping bodies on street [Link] #FoxNews
answer:
Aggresive
| task335_hateeval_classification_aggresive_en | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task335_hateeval_classification_aggresive_en-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a sentence containing a pronoun/person name and an emotion. From these implicit parameters, the main goal is to find the gender of the person (male / female).
--------
Question: Shaniqua made me feel anxious.
Answer: female
Question: I made Malik feel terrified.
Answer: male
Question: Ellen found herself in a depressing situation.
Answer: female
| task1336_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_gender_classifier | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1336_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_gender_classifier-fs_opt | en |
In this task, a passage will be given and the goal is to generate a question about temporal relations based on that passage. A temporal relation describes the relation between two things with respect to time e.g., something happens/starts/terminates/... immediately/shortly/usually/... before/after/during/... something else.
Your question should include an event, or ask about an event, and should not be a yes/no question.
--------
Question: Passage: Three other carriers and their escort vessels already are stationed within striking distance of Iraq or are steaming toward the area. But unless the military situation changes drastically, military officials say, the most likely plan will be for the Kennedy to eventually replace the carrier Dwight D. Eisenhower, which has been on patrol since March and was scheduled to return to port before hostilities erupted in Kuwait.
Answer: What event has already happened?
Question: Passage: "China is lucky to have so many beautiful animals to represent the Olympic spirit," said Rogge in the letter. "I love them all.
Answer: What event has already finished?
Question: Passage: Tehran's Air Quality Control Unit said the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) -- a standard measurement incorporating carbon monoxide, dust and other pollutants -- has hovered around the "very unhealthy" level of 160 for several days. Such alerts are becoming increasing common, with increased traffic causing the sprawling city's air to be deemed unhealthy for at least 100 days of the year.
Answer: What event has already finished?
| task389_torque_generate_temporal_question | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task389_torque_generate_temporal_question-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
This task involves annotating the answer type to a given question that involve some kind of complex reasoning (including numerical reasoning). Note that the questions require looking at more than one part of the passage to answer. There are 3 possible answer types (i) spans, (ii) numbers and (iii) dates. If the answer can be found in the passage, label it as "span". If the answer is a number, label as "number". Similarly, label "date" if you think the answer to the given question is a date.
question:
Passage: The disintegration of Russia offered Finns an historic opportunity to gain national independence. After the October Revolution, the conservatives were eager for secession from Russia in order to control the left and minimise the influence of the Bolsheviks. The socialists were skeptical about sovereignty under conservative rule, but they feared a loss of support among nationalistic workers, particularly after having promised increased national liberty through the "Law of Supreme Power". Eventually, both political factions supported an independent Finland, despite strong disagreement over the composition of the nation's leadership. Nationalism had become a "civic religion" in Finland by the end of nineteenth century, but the goal during the general strike of 1905 was a return to the autonomy of 1809-1898, not full independence. In comparison to the unitary Swedish regime, the domestic power of Finns had increased under the less uniform Russian rule. Economically, the Grand Duchy of Finland benefited from having an independent domestic state budget, a central bank with national currency, the markka , and customs organisation and the industrial progress of 1860-1916. The economy was dependent on the huge Russian market and separation would disrupt the profitable Finnish financial zone. The economic collapse of Russia and the power struggle of the Finnish state in 1917 were among the key factors that brought sovereignty to the fore in Finland.
Question: What were the socialists skeptical about?
answer:
span
question:
Passage: Coming off their overtime win at San Diego, the Broncos traveled to the Mall of America Field at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome for an interconference duel with the Minnesota Vikings. The game's first points came from the Vikings, when defensive end Jared Allen tackled running back Willis McGahee in the end zone for a safety. The Broncos grabbed the lead when linebacker Mario Haggan returned an interception off Vikings' quarterback Christian Ponder 16 yards for a touchdown. Vikings' kicker Ryan Longwell made a 40-yard field goal, then the Vikings reclaimed the lead in the second quarter, on a 19-yard touchdown pass from Ponder to tight end Kyle Rudolph, followed by another field goal by Longwell, this time from 25 yards, just before halftime. The Broncos narrowed Minnesota's lead in the third quarter, with a 21-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Tim Tebow to wide receiver Demaryius Thomas, but the Vikings countered with a 52-yard touchdown pass from Ponder to wide receiver Percy Harvin. The Broncos responded with a 41-yard touchdown pass from Tebow to Thomas. Ponder then threw a 48-yard touchdown pass to Harvin to give Minnesota a 29-21 lead. On the Broncos' next possession, McGahee rushed 24 yards for a touchdown and Tebow scrambled for a two-point conversion to tie the game at 29. The Vikings subsequently reclaimed the lead on Longwell's 39-yard field goal with 3:06 left in the game. The Broncos answered with kicker Matt Prater's 46-yard field goal with 1:33 left to tie the game at 32. On the Vikings' ensuing possession, Broncos' cornerback André Goodman returned an interception off Ponder to the Vikings' 15-yard line. Six plays later, Prater nailed the game-winning 23-yard field goal as time expired to give the Broncos their fifth consecutive win.
Question: how many yards did longwell lead the vickings?
answer:
number
question:
Passage: On 6 June, Philip had announced his renunciation of the French throne; the British Tory government now offered the Dutch a revised Barrier Treaty, replacing that of 1709 which they rejected as overly generous. It was a significant improvement on the 1697 Barrier but ultimately subject to Austrian approval and the final terms were less beneficial.Charles withdrew from the Conference when France insisted on a guarantee that Austria would not seek to acquire Mantua or Mirandola; he was supported by George, Elector of Hanover, who wanted France to withdraw their support for the Stuart heir James Francis. This meant neither Austria or the Empire signed the Treaty of Utrecht of 11 April 1713 between France and the other Allies; Spain made peace with the Dutch in June, then Savoy and Britain on 13 July 1713. Fighting continued on the Rhine but Austria was financially exhausted and after the loss of Landau and Freiburg in November 1713, Charles came to terms. The Treaty of Rastatt on 7 March 1714 confirmed Austria's gains in Italy, returned Breisach, Kehl and Freiburg, ended French support for the Hungarian revolt and terms for the Dutch Barrier fortresses. France acquired Strasbourg and Alsace while Charles agreed to reinstate the Wittelsbach Electors of Bavaria and Cologne, Max Emmanuel and Joseph Clemens. On 7 September, the Holy Roman Empire joined the agreement by the Treaty of Baden; although Catalonia and Majorca were not finally subdued by the Bourbons until June 1715, the war was over.
Question: When was the treat signed by Charles?
answer:
date
| task027_drop_answer_type_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task027_drop_answer_type_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given an anecdote, which recount a complex ethical situation. The question you are given is, has the author of the anecdote acted ethically? answer this question with "RIGHT" or "WRONG".
Example input: My boyfriend (well just call him M) and I are creators on Instagram (he is also on TikTok). I'm a digital and traditional artist and in one of my classes we create t shirts and things (socks, lanyards, water bottles, stickers, you name it). I'm a big fan of putting my art on t shirts so I can sell them.
M wanted to make some posts for TikTok and wanted to use the shirt I made today. My one personal rule is that if the shirt isn't being given to someone else, then I wear it first (this is because I know I wont get it back. Ive made one other shirt that I've worn, and he wore it for a week and hasn't given it back.) So I told him no, because I haven't worn the shirt yet.
M proceeded to complain about not having content to post, and how his IG post today didn't get any engagement, saying "of course you dont know, because you never look."
Am I the asshole for wanting to wear the shirt I made just once?
Example output: RIGHT
Example explanation: the author requests is justified.
Q: Now, I just want to know if my feelings are valid. And, if I am the asshole, I'd also like to know how to change my outlook on the situation. Help would be much appreciated!
My parents got divorced when I was fairly young, and I've divided my time between both houses since then. I get along famously with my mom (even though she's a helicopter, I love her dearly). But, my Dad and his family is another story. Since I started highschool (about 7 years ago now) he and his second wife decided to work constantly. They own a small business, and want it to succeed. But, they also do a lot of volunteer work (I'm so proud of them for it!) However, this has left the task of running our household on my siblings and my shoulders.
For a few years, this was fine. In highschool I was always on top of my work, and didn't mind coming home at \~5 pm to cook dinner, clean the house, do the dishes, study a bit, and go to bed. Between my three siblings and I, we've kept a fairly well functioning house! However, as I've gotten older the demands have further increased.
I'm in my junior year of college now, and commute to a nice school \~40 minutes away from my household. After I spend 4 hours in classes, I go to therapy for an hour (to help with anxiety), and then work a part time shift for 3 hours. After that, I make the \~40 minute commute home by train. It's around 5 at night when I finally get back.
Immediately after arriving home, I have to put away the dishes I did the previous night. Then I do whatever chores need to be done that day. Often times I walk to the nearby grocery store to buy groceries for the week. I come home, cook dinner, and by that point it's 8 at night. I quickly eat, and then go to finish up whatever else needs to be done (laundry, vacuuming, cleaning the bathroom/kitchen, etc). Overall, I finally start on my homework at around 9 pm, and typically go to bed at 1 am... Only to get up early and start the process over again.
I don't have a problem helping out around the house. In fact, I think it makes me more prepared for when I want my own home! But, I've come to resent my Dad and Step-Mom who decided to offload everything onto us. The tipping point for me was Friday, when they asked me to cover the cost of groceries this month. I'm barely making enough to cover my textbooks each semester, so it's a huge ask. I didn't say anything to them about it, just decided to grin and bare it.
They snap at me whenever something isn't done. Often times the yelling takes longer than it would take to actually do the chore.
I hate that I'm in charge of so much. My days are long, and they're about to get longer (2 of my siblings leave for college in the summer). I get that they pay the bills, but we're a family and I feel like everyone should pitch in. Am I the asshole for being so mad at them?
A: RIGHT | task224_scruples_anecdotes_ethical_judgment | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task224_scruples_anecdotes_ethical_judgment-fs_opt | en |
You will be given two pieces of text with the same meaning. One of them is simpler and easier to understand for non-native English speakers. Complex texts may contain more difficult words, have unnecessary phrases or contain long sentences. Your task is to choose the simpler piece of text. You are expected to output 'Text one' if the first sentence is simpler. Otherwise output 'Text two'.
One example is below.
Q: Text one: From its inception, it was designated a duty-free port and vied with the neighboring Sultanate of Pattani for trade
Text two: From the start, it was chosen to be a duty-free port to compete with the neighboring Sultanate of Pattani for trade.
A: Text two
Rationale: Text two has simpler words, ,so it is easier to understand by non-native English speakers.
Q: Text one: Another, "Loveliest of Trees", is the basis for his 1912 orchestral rhapsody, also called A Shropshire Lad.
Text two: The basis for A Shropshire Lad of 1912 is "Loveliest of Trees".
A: Text two | task112_asset_simple_sentence_identification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task112_asset_simple_sentence_identification-fs_opt | en |
Given a sentence, generate what should be the most likely next statement. The next statement should be reasonable and logically correct.
Ex Input:
They hurry to greet her. At the party, someone
Ex Output:
is playing the piano.
Ex Input:
An intro leads into several clips of soccer players performing impressive tricks with a soccer ball. The people
Ex Output:
continue playing with one another as more clips are show of different people performing tricks.
Ex Input:
He is doing tricks and stunts on his skateboard. He
Ex Output:
is going through quiet streets and busy streets on his skateboard.
| task453_swag_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task453_swag_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a statement and three sentences as choices. Your job is to determine the neutral choice based on your inference from the statement and your commonsense knowledge. The neutral choice is a sentence that neither agrees nor disagrees with the statement. Indicate your answer as '1', '2', or '3', corresponding to the choice number of the selected sentence. If sentence X agrees with sentence Y, one's correctness follows from the other one. If sentence X disagrees with sentence Y, they can not be correct at the same time.
Let me give you an example: Statement: Next to the MGM Grand you will find M and M World, four stories of merchandise and memorabilia dedicated to the candy that doesn't melt in your hand. Choices: 1. The candy has many fans who love its attractions. 2. There's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. 3. That particular candy melts and becomes difficult to eat.
The answer to this example can be: 1
Here is why: The candy may or may not be popular and the first choice is correct. Based on the statement, candy doesn't melt and there's four stories of memorabilia dedicated to a candy. So the second choice agrees with the statement and the third choice disagrees with the statement.
OK. solve this:
Statement: He was dead before he fell to the ground. Choices: 1. He died and fell on the ground. 2. He avoided injury and ran away. 3. He died and fell off the horse.
Answer: 3 | task201_mnli_neutral_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task201_mnli_neutral_classification-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a context and a verb separated with a newline character. You have to identify if the given verb implies an opinion, an intention, a wish or not. Please note that a verb refers to an intention only if it refers to an event planned to happen in the future and is not conditional (or part of a condition). The output should be: 'Yes' if the verb refers to an opinion, an intention, or a wish; and 'No' otherwise.
Q: Twelve Americans were killed in the Kenya embassy bombing. Clinton ordered an assessment of what it would cost to (rebuild) the embassies in Kenya and Tanzania and the price tag for emergency response teams sent to the two countries.
Verb: rebuild
A: Yes
****
Q: First Fruits of the Monstrousness, read the full-page editorial on the front of Friday's edition of the Communist Party daily Granma. It offered more details and criticisms of the perceived treatment that Elian's grandmothers, Mariela Quintana and Raquel Rodriguez, (received) from O'Laughlin, the Miami relatives and other anti-Castro Cubans during the encounter.
Verb: received
A: No
****
Q: Analysts said Mr. Stronach wants to resume a more influential role in running the company. They expect him to (cut) costs throughout the organization.
Verb: cut
A: Yes
****
| task456_matres_intention_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task456_matres_intention_classification-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: In this task, you are given a sentence in the Hindi language and a corresponding English translation of the Hindi sentence. Your task is to generate a label "Yes" if the translation is correct, otherwise generate label "No". In the translation, English sentence should preserve the number as it is and it should be in sentence case (capitalize only the first word of each sentence and noun).
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Hindi: पहले दो को अविश्वसनीय मानकर बाकी पांच मुखबिरों के आधार पर मुकदमा चलाया गया|
English: The first two were found unreliable and the prosecution case rested mainly on the evidence of the remaining five approvers .
Solution: Yes
Reason: Hindi sentence is properly converted into English sentence because the Hindi sentence also says that the first two were judged to be untrustworthy, thus the prosecution relied heavily on the testimony of the remaining five approvers. Also, the translated sentence is in a sentence case.
Now, solve this instance: Hindi: समझ से बाहर है और अपरिहार्य है।
English: You will see , before very long in the world , tremendous human cyclones ; and Our political and economic problems are very important .
Student: No | task426_hindienglish_corpora_hi-en_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task426_hindienglish_corpora_hi-en_classification-fs_opt | en |
The input is a sentence. The sentence includes an emotion. The goal of the task is to classify the emotion in the sentence to one of the classes: 'fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness'. The emotion mainly depends on the adverb within the sentence.
Q: This boy told us all about the recent outrageous events.
A: anger
****
Q: Melanie found herself in a depressing situation.
A: sadness
****
Q: My dad made me feel glad.
A: joy
****
| task1338_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_sentiment_classifier | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1338_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_sentiment_classifier-fs_opt | en |
You are given a sentence and a question. You're expected to write an **incorrect** answer to the given question, such that it is relevant to the given sentence. Your answer should not be completely out of context. Try to write short answers with one or two words.
[EX Q]: Sentence: John and Kate live in the same house and work in the same building. John rides his bicycle to work and Kate walks to work. Question: Who will require a smaller amount of time to get to work?
[EX A]: Kate
[EX Q]: Sentence: Jenny worked at a horse stable and she got to ride the horses on her time off. When she rode Blossom from the barn to the house, it always took longer than when she rode Bozo from the barn to the house. Question: Which of the horses is speedier?
[EX A]: Blossom
[EX Q]: Sentence: Jim and Kyle are riding their bikes. Kyle stops at the store, but Jim keeps on. Question: Who goes farther?
[EX A]: Kyle
| task1383_quarel_write_incorrect_answer | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1383_quarel_write_incorrect_answer-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
Example input: Context: Joanne McLeod is a Canadian figure skating coach. She is the skating director at the Champs International Skating Centre of BC (formerly known as the BC Centre of Excellence). Here current and former students include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Kevin Reynolds, Jeremy Ten, Nam Nguyen, and many others. In 2012, McLeod became the first level 5 certified figure skating coach in British Columbia., Victor Kraatz, MSC (born April 7, 1971) is a Canadian former ice dancer. In 2003, he and his partner, Shae-Lynn Bourne, became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship., Allie Hann-McCurdy (born May 23, 1987 in Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a Canadian ice dancer. McCurdy began skating at age eight and was a singles skater until age 12 when she switched to ice dancing. In 2003 she teamed up with Michael Coreno, with whom she was the 2010 Four Continents silver medalist and the 2008 Canadian bronze medalist. The pair retired in June 2010, to coach at the Gloucester Skating Club., Maikki Uotila - Kraatz ( born 25 February 1977 ) is a Finnish ice dancer . She is a former Finnish national champion with Toni Mattila . She married Victor Kraatz on June 19 , 2004 . The two coach in Vancouver , where they are the ice dancing directors at the BC Centre of Excellence . She and Kraatz have two sons , born September 14 , 2006 and July 10 , 2010 ., Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, located immediately to the east of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by nearby Surrey and Vancouver., Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton., British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska., The "Champs International Skating Centre of British Columbia" (formerly known as the 'BC Centre of Excellence') is one of two major figure skating training centers in Canada. Located in Burnaby, British Columbia, it is home to many great national and international skaters. The programs there are overseen by a staff, including Joanne McLeod, who coaches 3-time Canadian men's national champion Emanuel Sandhu; Bruno Marcotte, who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics; Victor Kraatz, the 2003 World Champion in ice dancing, and Maikki Uotila, who was a national champion in Finland. The center operates out of Canlan Ice Sports Burnaby 8 Rinks. Notable skaters who train there include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Allie Hann-McCurdy & Michael Coreno, Jessica Millar & Ian Moram, Jeremy Ten, and Kevin Reynolds. This skating school is sometimes known as a training site for international competitors to practice for competitions in Vancouver. Champs International hosts its annual competition known as the BC/YK SummerSkate Competition every August., Shae-Lynn Bourne, MSC (born January 24, 1976) is a Canadian ice dancer. In 2003, she and partner Victor Kraatz became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship. They competed at three Winter Olympic Games, placing 10th at the 1994 Winter Olympics, 4th at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and 4th at the 2002 Winter Olympics., Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province., Subject: maikki uotila, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) american (B) british (C) canada (D) finland (E) montreal
Example output: finland
Example explanation: This is a good example, as maikki uotila is citizen of the finland.
Q: Context: Hartwig Altenmüller (born 1938, in Saulgau, Württemberg, Germany) is a German Egyptologist. He became professor at the Archaeological Institute of the University of Hamburg in 1971. He worked as an archaeologist in Saqqara from 1969 to 1982, and then the Valley of the Kings (where he worked on KV13, KV14 and KV47) from 1984 to 1998, retiring in 2003., Saqqara, also spelled Sakkara or Saccara in English , is a vast, ancient burial ground in Egypt, serving as the necropolis for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis. Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world-famous Step pyramid of Djoser, sometimes referred to as the Step Tomb due to its rectangular base, as well as a number of mastabas (Arabic word meaning 'bench'). Located some south of modern-day Cairo, Saqqara covers an area of around ., Tomb KV13, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was cut and decorated for the burial of the noble Bay of the Nineteenth Dynasty. An ostraca published in the French Egyptological journal BIFAO in 2000 records that Chancellor Bay was executed by pharaoh Siptah. Consequently, Bay was never buried in his tomb. Moreover, no funerary goods were found in the tomb belonging to Bay. It was later reused by Amenherkhepshef and Mentuherkhepsef of the Twentieth Dynasty., Akhenre Setepenre Siptah or Merenptah Siptah was the penultimate ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. His father's identity is currently unknown. Both Seti II and Amenmesse have been suggested although the fact that that Siptah later changed his royal name or nomen to Merneptah Siptah after his Year 2 suggests rather than his father was Merneptah. If correct, this would make Siptah and Seti II half-brothers since both of them were sons of Merneptah. , Tomb KV47, located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was used for the burial of Pharaoh Siptah of the Nineteenth Dynasty, though Siptah's mummy was found in KV35. KV47 was discovered on December 18, 1905 by Edward R. Ayrton. Theodore M. Davis, Ayrton's sponsor, published an account of the site's discovery and excavation in 1908., Pharaoh is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150) until the Macedonian conquest in 305 BC, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE., Tomb KV14 is a joint tomb , used originally by Twosret and then reused and extended by Setnakhte . It has been open since antiquity , but was not properly recorded until Hartwig Altenmüller excavated it from 1983 to 1987 . Located in the main body of the Valley of the Kings , it has two burial chambers , the later extensions making the tomb one of the largest of the Royal Tombs , at over 112 metres . The original decoration showing the female Twosret was replaced with those of the male Setnakhte . Even later , the name of Setnakte was replaced by those of Seti II., Usimare Ramesses III (also written Ramses and Rameses) was the second Pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty and is considered to be the last New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. His long reign saw the decline of Egyptian political and economic power, linked to a series of invasions and internal economic problems., The Valley of the Kings, the "Valley of the Gates of the Kings", is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt)., The University of Hamburg is a comprehensive university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919, having grown out of the previous "General lecture system (Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen)" and the "Colonial Institute of Hamburg (Hamburgisches Kolonialinstitut)" as well as the "Akademic Gymnasium". In spite of its relatively short history, six Nobel Prize Winners and serials of scholars are affiliated to the university. University of Hamburg is the biggest research and education institution in Northern Germany and one of the most extensive universities in Germany. The main campus is located in the central district of Rotherbaum, with affiliated institutes and research centres spread around the city state., Userkhaure-setepenre Setnakhte (or Setnakht, Sethnakht) was the first pharaoh (1189 BC1186 BC) of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt and the father of Ramesses III., Twosret ("Tawosret, Tausret", d. 1189 BC conventional chronology) was the last known ruler and the final Pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.
She is recorded in Manetho's Epitome as a certain "Thuoris, who in Homer is called Polybus, husband of Alcandara, and in whose time Troy was taken". She was said to have ruled Egypt for seven years, but this figure included the nearly six-year reign of Siptah, her predecessor. Twosret simply assumed Siptah's regnal years as her own. While her sole independent reign would have lasted for perhaps one to one-and a half full years from 1191 to 1189 BC, this number now appears more likely to be two full years instead, possibly longer. Excavation work by the University of Arizona Egyptian Expedition on her memorial temple ("temple of millions of years") at Gournah strongly suggests that it was completed and functional during her reign and that Twosret started a regnal year 9, which means that she had two and possibly three independent years of rule, once one deducts the nearly six-year reign of Siptah. Her royal name, Sitre Meryamun, means "Daughter of Re, beloved of Amun.", Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf., Ramesses II (variously transliterated as "Rameses" or "Ramses" (or ); born ; died July or August 1213 BC; reigned 12791213 BC), also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt. He is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the Egyptian Empire. His successors and later Egyptians called him the "Great Ancestor". Ramesses II led several military expeditions into the Levant, reasserting Egyptian control over Canaan. He also led expeditions to the south, into Nubia, commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el-Wali and Gerf Hussein., The New Kingdom of Egypt, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. Radiocarbon dating places the exact beginning of the New Kingdom between 15701544 BC.
The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was Egypts most prosperous time and marked the peak of its power., Subject: kv14, Relation: country, Options: (A) egypt (B) germany (C) united states (D) world (E) württemberg
A: egypt | task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given inputs i and A, where i is an integer and A is a list. You need to output the first i elements of A, starting with the 1st element in A. i will always have a value less than the length of A
--------
Question: 8, ['e', 'd', 'v', 'w', 'V', '679', 'e', 'a', 'o', 'v', '3539', '2227', '721', 'p', 's', '8127', 't', '2489', '2223', '577']
Answer: e, d, v, w, V, 679, e, a
Question: 2, ['9139', '3359', '8899', 'i', '3517', '8781', '1375', 'N', 'm', '4249']
Answer: 9139, 3359
Question: 1, ['g', 'C', '7355', '361', '5733', 'S', 'Z', 'z', '3293', 'y', '9807', '2883', 'e', 'Z', 'L', 'G', '2893', '181', '8705']
Answer: g
| task063_first_i_elements | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task063_first_i_elements-fs_opt | en |
TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given dialogue, and you have to find the most critical location in the given conversation.
PROBLEM: Hi, what can you tell me about the European Union?
Hello! The European Union - confederation of 28 member countries in Europe has created a common economic area with Europe wide laws allowing the citizens of EU countries to move and trade in other EU countries. The European Union is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe
Wow! That is a lot of interesting information.
European Court of Justice uses French as the working language while the European Central Bank conducts its business primarily in English
What are the demographics for the European Union?
Demographics. The European Commission conducts its internal business in three procedural languages English French and German
Interesting. What else can you tell me about its demographics?
Discussion over the draft texts of the European Constitution and later the Treaty of Lisbon included proposals to mention Christianity or God or both in the preamble of the text but the idea faced opposition and was dropped
What is their politics?
Politics. Visegrad Group Benelux Baltic Assembly New Hanseatic League or Craiova Group
Hmm. Are there any more facts about its politics?
Unfortunately, I do not have any facts to answer that question. I can tell you that According to the Institute for European Environmental Policy environmental law comprises over 500 Directives Regulations and Decisions making environmental policy a core area of European politics
Nice! What other interesting facts can you tell me?
The introduction of a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was approved at the meeting of the European Council in October 2005 and the first draft policy was published in January 2007
Thank you for the information. I enjoyed learning about European Union.
You are welcome!
SOLUTION: European Union
PROBLEM: I would love to know some facts about New Brunswick.
Sure I would love to help. New Brunswick in in the eastern part of Canada with more than 750,000 people that live there. Is there anything in specific you would like to know about New Brunswick?
I'd like to know more about the History of New Brunswick.
In1937 New Brunswick had the highest illiteracy and infant mortality rated in all of Canada.
Well, that is dreadful! Have things improved over the years?
I am unsure of the present day rates of infant mortality and illiteracy but do know that the same year New Brunswick was partitioned from Nova Scotia and also seen their first elected assembly.
Very well. Is there anything you can tell me about the infrastructure?
Yes. The Trans- Canada highway is . not under federal jurisdiction. and traverses the province from Edmundson following the Saint John River Valley.
Cool! Do you know anything else about the infrastructure that is significant?
That is actually all the information I have about the infrastructure at this time. I could tell you about the culture though if you would like.
Sure! I'd love to hear about the culture.
There are two provincial universities in New Brunswick. University of New Brunswick and the University of Moncton. Medical Education programs have also been established at both of these colleges.
Nice! Thank you for the information.
It was my pleasure! Is there anything else I can help you with?
That is all. Have a good night.
You as well!
SOLUTION: New Brunswick
PROBLEM: Hello,I would like to learn about The Bahamas.
Okay, would you like to learn about folklore and legends?
Not at this time, do you have any general information on The Bahamas?
The etymology of the Bahamas contrasts to the Congo river and the United Kingdom, so it is proper to write "The Bahamas."
Tell me about the history between The Bahamas and the UK.
Due to the Treaty of Paris and under their terms Spain returned possession of the Bahamas to Great Britain.
Oh I see, what more can you tell me about about its history.
Around 30,000 Lucayans resided the Bahamas during Christopher Columbus's arrival in 1492.
Thank you, what fun facts can you provide me about The Bahamas?
Some widely know legends and folklore of the Bahamas include the Lost City of Atlantis on Bimini Bahamas and the Chickcharries of Andro Bahamas.
Tell me more about the lost city of Atlantis.
That's all I had available, but the closest island to the U.S. is Bimini, this is also known as the gateway to the Bahamas.
Thank you for the information.
You're welcome
SOLUTION: The Bahamas
| task578_curiosity_dialogs_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task578_curiosity_dialogs_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you will be shown a conversation. You need to write a question with three choices for the conversation. Your question should be answerable based on the conversation and only have one correct answer. Note that you don't need to answer your question. "W" and "M" in the conversations stand for "woman" and "man".
One example: W: The movie next Tuesday has been cancelled due to lack of interest. M: What do you mean? W: Well, by last night only a few tickets has been sold.
Solution is here: What can we conclude about the movie? (A) They want to buy the tickets for the movie. (B) The tickets for the movie were sold. (C) The movie will not be shown.
Explanation: This is a good example. Based on the conversation, the movie has been canceled, and it will not be shown. We could understand that only option (C) is correct. As mentioned in the conversation, only a few tickets have been sold, so option (B) is incorrect. We don't know if they wanted to buy a ticket or not, so option (A) is incorrect as well.
Now, solve this: M: Could you help me translate the article into French? W: Sorry, I'm busy now. Shall I do it tomorrow?
Solution: What can we learn about the woman? (A) She is a translator. (B) She can translate it into French. (C) She will be busy tomorrow. | task246_dream_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task246_dream_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
In this task, you are given an answer, and your task is to generate a reasonable question for that answer.
Example: My stomach will be upset if i eat that.
Output: Do you like pineapple on your pizza?
The answer given was regarding something that the person ate and it caused his stomach upset. The question asked was if that person likes pineapple on pizza. Based on the given answer, the question was predicted correctly.
New input case for you: I have a few lined up
Output: Do you have a job lined up? | task568_circa_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task568_circa_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
You will be given one or more triples. The second part of each triple shows the relation between the first and the third element. Your task is to write a simple and short piece of text (sentence(s)) that describes the triples in natural language.
question:
A.F.C._Blackpool | manager | Stuart_Parker_(footballer)
Stuart_Parker_(footballer) | club | Irlam_Town_F.C.
Blackpool | leader | Conservative_Party_(UK)
A.F.C._Blackpool | ground | Blackpool
answer:
AFC Blackpool, who's leader is the Conservative Party (UK) is located in Blackpool and has had Stuart Parker as their manager, now attached to Irlam Town Football Club.
question:
Washington_(state) | country | United_States
answer:
Washington state is located within the United States.
question:
Batagor | country | Indonesia
Batagor | servingTemperature | "hot"
answer:
Batagor is a hot dish served in Indonesia.
| task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1728_web_nlg_data_to_text-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you're given a review from Amazon and rating for the product on a scale of 1-5 based on the review. The rating means 1: extremely poor, 2: poor, 3: neutral, 4: good, 5: extremely good. Your task is to generate whether the rating matches the review or not. Answer with "True" if the sentence belongs to that section, otherwise answer with "False"
Review: These are junk! Both bulbs have burned out within a two month period!! I cannot believe that this company can be in business with such poor quality. I have used infrared lights for my ball python for many years now and I get a varied range of months from a bulb, but I have never gone through two bulbs in a matter of two months! I am very disappointed.
Rating: 1
Solution: True
Why? The user seems very disappointed in the product because the bulb they ordered has been burned out earlier than usual. So, he gave 1 star to the review considering it extremely poor. So, true is the correct answer.
New input: Review: This is my 4th Six Sisters Stuff cookbook and this one is easily my least favorite. The recipes seem so heavy - lots of frying, lots of high calorie/fat ingredients (cheese, pasta, cream). Actually, I love the dessert section in this book but probably for the same reason why I don't like the main dishes section (high caloric, high fat = yum!) My favorite of their cookbooks that I go back to lots is their "A Year With SSS".
Rating: 3
Solution: True | task1311_amazonreview_rating_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1311_amazonreview_rating_classification-fs_opt | en |
Classify the given tweet into the three categories: (1) 'Hate Speech', (2) 'Offensive' and (3) 'Neither'. 'Hate Speech' is kind of a threating statement or sometimes include call for violence while 'offensive' statement just offensds someone. 'Neither' is when it doesn't fall into Hate Speech or Offensive category.
Input: Consider Input: .@dawnbazely Thank you, Dawn. I see our state bird graces your avatar...
Output: Neither
Input: Consider Input: @hunterbuch66 @kieffer_jason @sbsylvester yo fat ugly ass couldn't even pull the ugly bitch in the school
Output: Hate Speech
Input: Consider Input: @BarackObama glad you brought that kid home, but he fucked up and should face the UCMJ. don't care about Taliban pussies really.
Output: Offensive
| task904_hate_speech_offensive_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task904_hate_speech_offensive_classification-fs_opt | en |
Given a category and a set of five words, find the word from the set that does not belong (i.e. is the least relevant) with the other words in the category. Words are separated by commas.
Input: Consider Input: Category: moral characteristic
Words: milky, fair, ok, loyal, unprejudiced
Output: milky
Input: Consider Input: Category: emotional display
Words: follow, doe, suppressed, culture, fawn
Output: doe
Input: Consider Input: Category: social gathering
Words: club, lettuce, picnic, cinema, dance hall
Output: lettuce
| task141_odd-man-out_classification_category | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task141_odd-man-out_classification_category-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a pair of sentences in the Persian Language written in the Persian alphabet. Your job is to choose whether the two sentences agree (entailment), disagree (contradiction), or neither (neutral). Your answer must be in the form of the letters E, C, and N, respectively. The sentences have been separated by a newline character.
See one example below:
Problem: ویژگی های هنر عصر اموی: ۱- تلفیقی بودن ۲- بازنمایی نوعی تفنن و تفریح ۳- نقاشی های تزئینی و تندیس های بی کیفیت
نقاشی های تزئینی و تندیس های بیکیفیت، یکی از ویژگی های هنر عصر اموی است.
Solution: E
Explanation: The second sentence agrees with the first sentence.
Problem: در تمدن ایلامی در کنار اینشوشینک که خدای واضع قانون بود، ناهونته در مقام خدای اجرای قانون و تعیین میزان بهره و تعیین اوزان عمل میکرد و حکم از سوی او صادر میشد و روحانیان تنها در مقام شاهد در دادگاه حضور داشتند.
مقام «خدای اجرای قانون» در ایلام را ناهونته عهده دار بود.
Solution: E | task534_farstail_entailment | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task534_farstail_entailment-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a hateful post in Bengali that expresses hate or encourages violence in a geopolitical context based on the protected characteristics such as race, religion, sex, and sexual orientation. You are expected to classify the post into two classes: geopolitical or non-geopolitical depending on the topic.
ঢেলার নাম বাবাজী ভারতের ঘূম হারাম
geopolitical
চোরের সাথে চোরের পিরিত হয় এককথায় বলতে পারেন চোরে-চোরে মাসতুতো ভাই বাংলাদেশের যত চোর সব আওয়ামীলীগের ছাত্রলীগ
non-geopolitical
কোথায় এই সব উলটাপালটা খবর পান?? নয়াদিগন্ত ভারত প্রতি না কী
geopolitical
| task1493_bengali_geopolitical_hate_speech_binary_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1493_bengali_geopolitical_hate_speech_binary_classification-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
The input is a sentence with a missed word and an emotion. Your task is to fill in the blank with a word that matches the emotion and rewrite the completed sentence. The emotion is one of ['fear', 'joy', 'anger', 'sadness'].
SENTENCE: Alphonso feels <blank>.
EMOTION: sadness
Solution: Alphonso feels sad
Why? The answer is correct. The pattern '<blank>' is replaced with the appropriate word 'sad' which correspoinds to the emotion 'sadness'
New input: SENTENCE: The conversation with my mom was <blank>.
EMOTION: anger
Solution: The conversation with my mom was irritating. | task1339_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_text_completion | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1339_peixian_equity_evaluation_corpus_text_completion-fs_opt | en |
Given a sentence in French, generate a new French sentence by performing small changes on the sentence. Here, make sure that the changes are semantically related and syntactically similar to the input. And the generated sentence should have high commonsense plausibility, that is to have reasonable probability of it being true.
Input: Consider Input: Vous êtes susceptible de faire du sport dans un magasin de coin dans une petite ville.
Output: Vous êtes pratique pour trouver un coin magasin autour d'une petite ville.
Input: Consider Input: Les gens dépensent de l'argent pour boire du lait.
Output: Les gens versent des dollars sur le lait pour améliorer.
Input: Consider Input: Parfois, les mariées et les apprentis écrivent leurs propres vœux.
Output: Parfois, les mariées et les individus écrivent leurs propres vœux.
| task406_mickey_fr_sentence_perturbation_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task406_mickey_fr_sentence_perturbation_generation-fs_opt | en |
Part 1. Definition
In this task, you will be presented with a context from an academic paper and you have to write an answerable question based on the context. Your questions can be extractive, abstractive, or yes-no questions.
Part 2. Example
Questions are gathered from anonymized, aggregated queries to the Google search engine. Queries that are likely to be yes/no questions are heuristically identified: we found selecting queries where the first word is in a manually constructed set of indicator words and are of sufficient length, to be effective.
Questions are only kept if a Wikipedia page is returned as one of the first five results, in which case the question and Wikipedia page are given to a human annotator for further processing.
Annotators label question/article pairs in a three-step process. First, they decide if the question is good, meaning it is comprehensible, unambiguous, and requesting factual information. This judgment is made before the annotator sees the Wikipedia page. Next, for good questions, annotators find a passage within the document that contains enough information to answer the question. Annotators can mark questions as “not answerable" if the Wikipedia article does not contain the requested information. Finally, annotators mark whether the question's answer is “yes" or “no". Annotating data in this manner is quite expensive since annotators need to search entire Wikipedia documents for relevant evidence and read the text carefully.
Answer: how was the dataset built?
Explanation: This is a good question, and it is answerable based on the context.
Part 3. Exercise
KryptoOracle has been built in the Apache ecosystem and uses Apache Spark. Data structures in Spark are based on resilient distributed datasets (RDD), a read only multi-set of data which can be distributed over a cluster of machines and is fault tolerant. Spark RDD has the innate capability to recover itself because it stores all execution steps in a lineage graph. In case of any faults in the system, Spark redoes all the previous executions from the built DAG and recovers itself to the previous steady state from any fault such as memory overload. Spark RDDs lie in the core of KryptoOracle and therefore make it easier for it to recover from faults. Moreover, faults like memory overload or system crashes may require for the whole system to hard reboot. However, due to the duplicate copies of the RDDs in Apache Hive and the stored previous state of the machine learning model, KryptoOracle can easily recover to the previous steady state.
Answer: How is the architecture fault-tolerant? | task461_qasper_question_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task461_qasper_question_generation-fs_opt | en |
Teacher: Given a sentence and two mentions from the text (arguments), indicate a phrase (a verb or noun phrase) that describes the relationship between the provided arguments.
Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example:
Sentence: 'Harry glanced again at the raw looking thing that trembled and choked in the shadow beneath the distant chair.', Argument/Subject 1: 'Harry', Argument/Subject 2: 'raw looking thing'
Solution: glance
Reason: The sentence contains the generated relationship - glance, mentioned between two subjects - Harry and raw looking thing
Now, solve this instance: Sentence: 'A board or commission charged to award a just compensation to loyal owners in the state of Maryland whose slaves enlisted in the military service in the United States has been in session at Baltimore , Md , since December 1863 .', Argument/Subject 1: 'maryland', Argument/Subject 2: 'unite state'
Student: be state in | task676_ollie_relationship_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task676_ollie_relationship_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Given the task definition, example input & output, solve the new input case.
Classify the given tweet into the three categories: (1) 'Hate Speech', (2) 'Offensive' and (3) 'Neither'. 'Hate Speech' is kind of a threating statement or sometimes include call for violence while 'offensive' statement just offensds someone. 'Neither' is when it doesn't fall into Hate Speech or Offensive category.
Example: "@MarkRoundtreeJr: LMFAOOOO I HATE BLACK PEOPLE https://t.co/RNvD2nLCDR" This is why there's black people and niggers
Output: Hate Speech
The writer mentions emotions like hating so it is clearly a hate speech.
New input case for you: “@Badazz_jspates: I'm suppose to eat yo booty bitch wym” 😭😭😭
Output: Offensive | task904_hate_speech_offensive_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task904_hate_speech_offensive_classification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you are given a public comment from online platforms. You are expected to classify the comment into two classes: identity-attack and non-identity-attack. Identity attack refers to anything rude or disrespectful about someone's identity, including appearance, race, gender, and sexual orientation.
Q: Comment: Who did he "rape" exactly? Unless you have definitive proof I don't ever want to see you post the term "alternative facts".
A: Non-identity-attack
****
Q: Comment: Lying Red Rag. You win this one, but your hero Hillary is still going to prison. As should all you islamists.
A: Identity-attack
****
Q: Comment: Closed primaries are for cowards.
A: Non-identity-attack
****
| task325_jigsaw_classification_identity_attack | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task325_jigsaw_classification_identity_attack-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given the title of a story consisting of five sentences, numbered 1 through 5. Your job is to arrange the sentences in order to make a story that makes complete sense and is apt for the title. Indicate your answer using the number of the sentences in order, such as '34152'.
Title: Scaredy cat. Sentence 1: He was afraid to sit near the cat even when it was asleep. Sentence 2: Ted had a fear for cats. Sentence 3: One day he visited his sister and saw she had adopted a cat. Sentence 4: He had been afraid of them since he was a small child. Sentence 5: Ted cut his visit to his sister's house short to avoid the cat.
24315
Title: sky. Sentence 1: The man was falling from an airplane. Sentence 2: He pulled his primary chute cord. Sentence 3: His chute did not open. Sentence 4: That parachute opened. Sentence 5: He pulled the backup chute cord.
12354
Title: The Medal. Sentence 1: Hope ran around and screamed. Sentence 2: She proudly held her medal as she talked. Sentence 3: She jumped into the crowd and celebrated with the fans. Sentence 4: The tv cameras rushed to interview her. Sentence 5: She had just won a gold medal!
15342
| task217_rocstories_ordering_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task217_rocstories_ordering_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given a sentence with one coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so). You must judge whether the order of two coordinated clausal conjoints have been inverted or not. Inversion would result in the sentence sounding unnatural. Label the instances as "Original" or "Inversion" based on your judgment.
One example is below.
Q: He knew it , and he deserved no answer .
A: Inversion
Rationale: "He knew it" and "he deserved no answer" have been inverted.
Q: The combined room was now the study hall , and the wall separating the two rooms had been knocked down .
A: Inversion | task516_senteval_conjoints_inversion | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task516_senteval_conjoints_inversion-fs_opt | en |
Given a sentence, an entity and its sentiment towards the entity, verify if it is the correct sentiment towards the entity. Answer should be yes or no. Note that URLs in the text have been replaced with [Link].
--------
Question: Verify if the sentiment of the following document towards the entity Matt Nagy is Neutral . When Andy Reid was coach of the Eagles he tried to sign then-intern Nagy as a quarterback after an injury to Kevin Kolb in August 2009. The NFL nixed that plan. Technically Nagy was still under contract with the AFL. Also NFL teams now canât sign interns as players to remove the temptation to stash potential replacements for injured players on their staffs.
Answer: yes
Question: Verify if the sentiment of the following document towards the entity Devin Nunes is Negative . According to a Sept. 1 letter Nunes sent to U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions the subpoenas demand that the department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation produce all documents related to their ârelationshipâ with Steele and the âso-called âTrump Dossierâ.
Answer: no
Question: Verify if the sentiment of the following document towards the entity Jared Kushner is Negative . Kushner President Donald Trump's son-in-law set up a private email account in December and has used it since to discuss official government business with fellow administration officials Politico reported.
Answer: yes
| task422_persent_sentence_sentiment_verification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task422_persent_sentence_sentiment_verification-fs_opt | en |
In this task, you're given a context passage, followed by a question that needs to be answered. Based on the paragraph, you must write unambiguous answers to the questions and your answer must refer to a specific phrase from the paragraph. If multiple answers seem to exist, write the answer that is the most plausible.
[EX Q]: Just today I've had some incredible conversations with some guys who are just freaks ... in a good way . They just love their guys and can't wait to get away for a weekend . Can you imagine this ... someone who is looking forward to spending a weekend in a smelly cabin of 7th grade boys ? Love it .
Question: why do they love their guys ?
[EX A]: because they know how to have a good time
[EX Q]: Kendall took Skylar's schedule into account when planning the trip for their summer vacation.
Question: How would you describe Kendall?
[EX A]: supported
[EX Q]: Bailey passed Jesse an examination booklet and they both grabbed their pencils and waited for the go ahead to start the test.
Question: What will Jesse want to do next?
[EX A]: do well on the test
| task595_mocha_answer_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task595_mocha_answer_generation-fs_opt | en |
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.
[Q]: Weston General Hospital implemented the temporary measures, which extend to its A&E department, at 08:00 BST to "maintain patient and staff safety". Its NHS trust described it as a "precautionary measure" and arrangements have been made for new patients to be treated elsewhere. Medical director Dr William Oldfield said the situation was under review. "We currently have a high number of patients with Covid-19," he said. "While the vast majority will have come into the hospital with Covid-19, as an extra precaution we have taken the proactive step to temporarily stop accepting new patients to maintain patient and staff safety." Dr Oldfield, from the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, said there was a "robust" coronavirus testing programme in place for patients and staff to identify cases quickly. He added current hospital patients were continuing to receive care, while the trust's partners were working to give new patients treatment in "the appropriate setting". The trust said alternative services included walk-in treatment facilities for minor injuries in Clevedon, Yate, and Bristol.
[A]: Coronavirus: Weston General Hospital halts admissions
[Q]: Esther Dingley, 37, last messaged her partner Dan Colegate via WhatsApp on 22 November, when she was on top of Pic de Sauvegarde on the France-Spain border. Ms Dingley, who was on a solo trek, was reported missing on 25 November. Spanish police said searches were paused by heavy snow and would not resume until the "weather improves", but could not say when that would be. A spokeswoman for the Guardia Civil refused to give an update on a police investigation into Ms Dingley's disappearance. French Police also said searches on their side of the mountains were off due to the snow. A spokesman said the route taken by Ms Dingley would be "really dangerous" in the summer and worse in winter, while a theory circulating online that she may have been hurt by an animal such as a bear or wolf was "highly unlikely". However, Mr Colegate challenged the police's assessment of the route as dangerous. He said it was a popular path, the weather was fine and Ms Dingley was an experienced walker who was well prepared. Mr Colegate, who had been staying in a farm house in the Gascony area of France while his partner went for a month-long solo trip in the couple's campervan, previously said police were looking at "non-accident" possibilities. He also said he was extremely grateful to both Spanish and French search teams for their efforts, which have included helicopter sweeps of the area and teams and dogs walking the mountains. On the weekend she set out on the trek, the couple's story about their adventures around Europe in the camper van since 2014 was published by BBC News. Ms Dingley had started walking from Benasque in Spain and had planned to spend 22 November, when she was last heard from, at Refuge de Venasque in France, Mr Colegate said. The couple had lived in Durham before deciding to pack up their lives and go travelling after Mr Colegate nearly died from an infection. Follow BBC North East & Cumbria on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Send your story ideas to [email protected].
[A]: Esther Dingley: Missing hiker search 'off until weather improves'
[Q]: Sophie Dowsley 34, and her Canadian partner Gregory Tiffin, 44, had left for a day-long walk in British Columbia on 8 July. Police began a search after they did not return. Mr Tiffin's body was found near a waterfall last week. Ms Dowsley's relatives have said she "may never be found". Her brother, Jamie Dowsley, said the Royal Canadian Mounted Police had "no plausible or conceivable areas left to search" in the rugged landscape near Harrison Lake. "After visiting this area and gaining an understanding of the terrain and conditions our family fully accept this decision," Mr Dowsley wrote on social media. Ms Dowsley's sunglasses and some of Mr Tiffin's personal items were found near the waterfall. The missing woman's family thanked search teams for putting their "lives at risk". The Royal Canadian Mounted Police has been contacted for comment.
[A]: Canadian police end hunt for missing hiker, family confirms
| task1356_xlsum_title_generation | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1356_xlsum_title_generation-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
You are given an amazon food product review and its polarity (positive or negative). Your task is to answer "True" if the specified sentence and its polarity match; otherwise, answer "False".
I have bought several of the Vitality canned dog food products and have found them all to be of good quality. The product looks more like a stew than a processed meat and it smells better. My Labrador is finicky and she appreciates this product better than most.
Polarity: Positive
Solution: True
Why? It's a positive review because the owner of the dog is satisfied with the product and mentioned that their dog appreciates the product. Also, the polarity is positive. So, the correct answer is True.
New input: I was excited to offer these seemingly healthy treats to my dog, as I love other Newman's Own products such as their spaghetti sauce. My dog Kirby was very excited as I opened the package and announced "Ooooh, I have a treeeeeat for you!" in the high pitched voice I use to get him worked up. However, it was all downhill from there. He eagerly took a cookie in his mouth, then gave me a look like "Seriously?" He will eat them, but only if there is nothing better going. My husband was going to try one to give a second opinion. However, after smelling them he announced that they smell like burnt oatmeal and probably taste like it too, and he refused to try them. I give these 2 stars because I would like my dog to eat them (as opposed to fatty pig ears), but he really doesn't care much for them. He gets about as excited to eat these as I do to eat a Triscuit.
Polarity: Positive
Solution: False | task587_amazonfood_polarity_correction_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task587_amazonfood_polarity_correction_classification-fs_opt | en |
instruction:
In medical studies, treatments are tested within a group of study participants. You will be given a sentence of a study report in which your task is to list the phrases that give information about the participants of the study. You should list the phrases in the same order that they appear in the text, separated by commas. If no information about the participants is mentioned, just output "not found". Relevant information about participants include: gender, medical conditions, location, number of people participating. Do not contain participant mentions without relevant information.
question:
However , to our knowledge , there have been no studies using all these measures together as an adjuvant antidepressant strategy .
answer:
not found
question:
MLMs indicated a slight increase in depressive symptoms over time in the sample as a whole .
answer:
not found
question:
Confidence intervals around these ratios suggested wide variability of cost effectiveness of aquatic exercise .
answer:
not found
| task179_participant_extraction | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task179_participant_extraction-fs_opt | en |
This task is to translate the Telugu Language Input to English Language Output
[Q]: కాబట్టి, తిరిగి కూర్చుని!
[A]: So, sit back!
[Q]: 06:30 మోసంశృంగారమైనకేవలం సెక్స్ కోసం నివసిస్తున్న స్త్రీ భర్త
[A]: 06:30 MyLust Lace Husband Chubby Sex
[Q]: "హే అబ్బాయిలు.
[A]: “Hey guys.
| task1617_cc_alligned_translate_tel_eng | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1617_cc_alligned_translate_tel_eng-fs_opt | en |
Given a statement about date and time, state whether the statement is true or false. The number of date/time operands in the statement ranges between 2 and 3. Let's say the values are denoted by t1, t2 and t3. The statements follow one of the following ten templates: 't1 occurs before t2, t1 doesn't occur before t2, t1 occurs after t2, t1 doesn't occur after t2, t1 occurs between t2 and t3, t1 doesn't occur between t2 and t3, t1 occured before t2 but after t3, t1 occured after t2 but before t3, t1 didn't occur before t2 but after t3, t1 didn't occur after t2 but before t3'. The output should be either 'True' or 'False'.
Example input: 03:40:40 PM doesn't occur between 5:35:38 and 07:58:59 AM
Example output: False
Example explanation: The output of 'False' is correct as the input statement is false, since 03:40:40 PM occurs after 07:58:89 AM and not between 5:35:38(AM) and 07:58:59 AM
Q: 3:40:51 PM doesn't occur between 18:44:23 and 7:41:14 PM
A: True | task1507_boolean_temporal_reasoning | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1507_boolean_temporal_reasoning-fs_opt | en |
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task.
In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
Context: Joanne McLeod is a Canadian figure skating coach. She is the skating director at the Champs International Skating Centre of BC (formerly known as the BC Centre of Excellence). Here current and former students include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Kevin Reynolds, Jeremy Ten, Nam Nguyen, and many others. In 2012, McLeod became the first level 5 certified figure skating coach in British Columbia., Victor Kraatz, MSC (born April 7, 1971) is a Canadian former ice dancer. In 2003, he and his partner, Shae-Lynn Bourne, became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship., Allie Hann-McCurdy (born May 23, 1987 in Nanaimo, British Columbia) is a Canadian ice dancer. McCurdy began skating at age eight and was a singles skater until age 12 when she switched to ice dancing. In 2003 she teamed up with Michael Coreno, with whom she was the 2010 Four Continents silver medalist and the 2008 Canadian bronze medalist. The pair retired in June 2010, to coach at the Gloucester Skating Club., Maikki Uotila - Kraatz ( born 25 February 1977 ) is a Finnish ice dancer . She is a former Finnish national champion with Toni Mattila . She married Victor Kraatz on June 19 , 2004 . The two coach in Vancouver , where they are the ice dancing directors at the BC Centre of Excellence . She and Kraatz have two sons , born September 14 , 2006 and July 10 , 2010 ., Burnaby is a city in British Columbia, Canada, located immediately to the east of Vancouver. It is the third-largest city in British Columbia by population, surpassed only by nearby Surrey and Vancouver., Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton., British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska., The "Champs International Skating Centre of British Columbia" (formerly known as the 'BC Centre of Excellence') is one of two major figure skating training centers in Canada. Located in Burnaby, British Columbia, it is home to many great national and international skaters. The programs there are overseen by a staff, including Joanne McLeod, who coaches 3-time Canadian men's national champion Emanuel Sandhu; Bruno Marcotte, who competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics; Victor Kraatz, the 2003 World Champion in ice dancing, and Maikki Uotila, who was a national champion in Finland. The center operates out of Canlan Ice Sports Burnaby 8 Rinks. Notable skaters who train there include Emanuel Sandhu, Mira Leung, Allie Hann-McCurdy & Michael Coreno, Jessica Millar & Ian Moram, Jeremy Ten, and Kevin Reynolds. This skating school is sometimes known as a training site for international competitors to practice for competitions in Vancouver. Champs International hosts its annual competition known as the BC/YK SummerSkate Competition every August., Shae-Lynn Bourne, MSC (born January 24, 1976) is a Canadian ice dancer. In 2003, she and partner Victor Kraatz became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship. They competed at three Winter Olympic Games, placing 10th at the 1994 Winter Olympics, 4th at the 1998 Winter Olympics, and 4th at the 2002 Winter Olympics., Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province., Subject: maikki uotila, Relation: country_of_citizenship, Options: (A) american (B) british (C) canada (D) finland (E) montreal
Solution: finland
Why? This is a good example, as maikki uotila is citizen of the finland.
New input: Context: MPEG-1 and/or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players and computing devices., Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 June 15, 1996) was an American jazz singer often referred to as the First Lady of Song, Queen of Jazz and Lady Ella. She was noted for her purity of tone, impeccable diction, phrasing and intonation, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her scat singing., Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at rpm. Vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc (CD) and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl., Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982, when the first commercially available CD player was released in Japan., Ella and Louis Again is a 1957 studio album by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong . It is the `` sequel '' to their 1956 album , Ella and Louis , in contrast to their previous collaboration Ella and Louis , this album does not only feature duets . It was reissued in 2006 on a 2 CD - set as Verve 0602517036918 ., The LP (from "long playing" or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of rpm, a 12 or 10 inch (30 or 25 cm) diameter, and use of the "microgroove" groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. Apart from a few relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound, it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums., A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book, or e-book. , Verve Records is an American record label founded by Norman Granz in 1956. It absorbed the catalogues of his earlier labels, Clef Records (founded in 1946) and Norgran Records (founded in 1953), and material previously licensed to Mercury Records. Verve Records is owned by the Verve Label Group, run by Danny Bennett., Ella and Louis is a 1956 studio album by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong, accompanied by the Oscar Peterson Quartet. Having previously collaborated in the late 1940s for the Decca label, this was the first of three albums that Fitzgerald and Armstrong were to record together for Verve Records, later followed by 1957's "Ella and Louis Again" and 1959's "Porgy and Bess"., Subject: ella and louis again, Relation: record_label, Options: (A) 1982 (B) 1996 (C) album (D) clef records (E) digital (F) digital audio (G) labels (H) leaf (I) philips (J) record (K) sony (L) studio album (M) verve records
Solution: verve records | task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task1296_wiki_hop_question_answering-fs_opt | en |
In this task you are given a tweet and you must identify whether the tweet contains any offense or any form of (untargeted) profanity. Label the post as NOT if the post does not contain offense or profanity. Non-offensive posts do not include any form of offense or profanity. label the post as OFFENSIVE if the post contains offensive language or a targeted (veiled or direct) offense. Twitter user mentions were substituted by @USER and URLs have been substitute by URL.
Example Input: @USER @USER @USER Why? Because you are too busy spreading hate with your TDS? I’m sure you feel fine ridiculing children of conservatives. You represent everything that is wrong in the education (brainwashing) system.
Example Output: OFFENSIVE
Example Input: WHY ... it's their trail of corruption ... and they have so much of it going on, and at all times, they don't want any slips" ... don't want American people to know who they really are AND WHAT THEY'VE BEEN UP TO ... #MAGA URL
Example Output: OFFENSIVE
Example Input: @USER @USER Fake news. Two came forward the rest didn't want to get attacked by liberals.
Example Output: NOT
| task286_olid_offense_judgment | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task286_olid_offense_judgment-fs_opt | en |
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you're given a question, along with a context passage which has extra information available on certain terms mentioned in it, i.e., the proper nouns in the passage. Your job is to determine whether information from more than one term is needed to answer the question. Indicate your choice as `a` for Yes or `b` for No.
See one example below:
Problem: Question: When did the operation during which the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen begin? Passage: The group was occasionally diverted from strategic missions to carry out air support and interdiction missions. It supported Operation Overlord, the invasion of Normandy by attacking transportation targets, including bridges, along with airfields and strong points in France. On D Day, the squadron and the rest of the 446th Group led the first heavy bomber mission of the day. The 446th aided ground forces at Caen and Saint-Lô during July by hitting bridges, gun batteries, and enemy troops. During Operation Market Garden, the attempt to seize a bridgehead across the Rhine in the Netherlands, the 704th dropped supplies to allied troops near Nijmegen. It struck lines of communications during the Battle of the Bulge. During Operation Varsity in March 1945, it supplied ground and airborne troops near Wesel. The squadron flew its last combat mission on 25 April 1945 against Salzburg, Austria. The group had flown 273 missions and had lost 58 aircraft during the war,
.
Solution: b
Explanation: The passage describes the 704th's actions during Operation Market Garden so only information about the operation is needed.
Problem: Question: Which opera that Brambilla performed at Teatro Carcano was written first? Passage:After her professional debut in 1831, Brambilla initially sang in several smaller opera houses in northern Italy but in 1833 scored a considerable success at Milan's Teatro Carcano singing Agnese in Bellini's Beatrice di Tenda and the leading soprano role in Fioravanti's Le cantatrici villane. She then appeared on Russia at the Odessa Opera House, which at the time specialised in Italian opera. Upon her return to Milan in 1837, she sang with her sister Marietta at La Scala in the world premiere of In morte di Maria Malibran de Bériot, a cantata in memory of Maria Malibran composed by Gaetano Donizetti, Giovanni Pacini, Saverio Mercadante, Nicola Vaccai and Pietro Antonio Coppola. After singing in Barcelona, she returned to La Scala for the 1839/1840 season in Mercadante's Le due illustri rivali and the world premieres of Mazzucato's I corsari and Coccia's Giovanna II.
Solution: a | task232_iirc_link_number_classification | conceptofmind/niv2_submix_original-NIv2-task232_iirc_link_number_classification-fs_opt | en |