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q4855_5

He fulfilled a prophecy by accidentally killing his grandfather Acrisius (“uh-CRIZZ-ee-us”) with a discus. Acrisius had imprisoned his mother, Danae (“duh-NAY-ee”), but Zeus visited her as a golden shower. This man borrowed the invisibility cap of Hades, the reflective shield of Athena, and the winged sandals of Hermes. He slew a sea monster that was about to consume Andromeda, whom he made his wife. For 10 points, name this figure who beheaded Medusa.

q4855

He fulfilled a prophecy by accidentally killing his grandfather Acrisius (“uh-CRIZZ-ee-us”) with a discus. Acrisius had imprisoned his mother, Danae (“duh-NAY-ee”), but Zeus visited her as a golden shower. This man borrowed the invisibility cap of Hades, the reflective shield of Athena, and the winged sandals of Hermes. He slew a sea monster that was about to consume Andromeda, whom he made his wife. For 10 points, name this figure who beheaded Medusa.

{Perseus}

q167_1

This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century.

q167

This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century. In 2005, an island now called "Warming Island" was found off the coast of this island. Off the west coast of this island are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Its largest cities are Sisimiut and Nuuk, and it is an autonomous country within (*) Denmark. For 10 points, name this huge island that lies between Iceland and Canada.

Greenland [or Kalaallit Nunaat]

q13259_1

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang."

q13259

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.

St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]

q3283_2

A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King. In the Annales Cambriae (ah-NAH-less CAM-bree-ay), this figure was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann during a fight with his son Mordred.

q3283

A popular novel about this figure is T.H. White's The Once and Future King. In the Annales Cambriae (ah-NAH-less CAM-bree-ay), this figure was mortally wounded at the Battle of Camlann during a fight with his son Mordred. In that text, the wizard Merlin is mentioned only once, though in Thomas Malory's The Death of this figure, Merlin helps this man find Excalibur. For 10 points, name this legendary king of Britain.

King {Arthur}

q1922_2

This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits. This man instituted the May Laws as part of his anti-Catholic program, kulturkampf (KOOL-toor-kahmf).

q1922

This man was the first to institute retirement and disability benefits. This man instituted the May Laws as part of his anti-Catholic program, kulturkampf (KOOL-toor-kahmf). He manipulated the Schleswig- Holstein (SHLESS-vig HOLE-styne) question into war with Austria and doctored the Ems Telegram to instigate an 1870 war with France. For 10 points, name this "Iron Chancellor" of Prussia and Germany from 1862 to 1890.

Otto von Bismarck

q1311_1

This novel's main character is falsely accused of stealing a baseball player's shoes from a charity auction.

q1311

This novel's main character is falsely accused of stealing a baseball player's shoes from a charity auction. That character's ancestor Elya tried to marry Myra Menke, but in doing so wronged Madame Zeroni. Camp Green Lake is infested with yellow-spotted lizards and has employees including The Warden, Mr. Pendanski, and Mr. Sir in, for 10 points, what novel about Stanley Yelnats IV, written by Louis Sachar?

Holes

q1050_2

Anglican and Islamic versions of this action each include 100 steps. This action involves meditation on a chaplet, which is a set of luminous, glorious, joyful, or sorrowful mysteries.

q1050

Anglican and Islamic versions of this action each include 100 steps. This action involves meditation on a chaplet, which is a set of luminous, glorious, joyful, or sorrowful mysteries. It ends with the Salve Regina (sal-VAY reh-JEEN-uh) prayer, which follows a multiple of five decades as depicted by the namesake instrument. For 10 points, name this practice in which Our Fathers and Hail Marys are prayed and counted along a string of beads.

{praying a rosary} [or {saying a rosary;} or obvious equivalents mentioning the {rosary}]

q1522_2

Euler characteristic of platonic solids have this value. This integer times pi gives the number of radians in the unit circle.

q1522

Euler characteristic of platonic solids have this value. This integer times pi gives the number of radians in the unit circle. Truth tables can evaluate to this many outputs. This value expressed in binary is 10 (ONE ZERO). This is the highest degree of a quadratic function as is the number of congruent sides in an isosceles triangle. For 10 points, give this smallest prime number, which divides all even numbers.

2

q731_3

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not. The determinant can only be found in square ones; and in a two by two one, the determinant can be found using the formula ad-bc.

q731

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not. The determinant can only be found in square ones; and in a two by two one, the determinant can be found using the formula ad-bc. For 10 points, name this term for a set of numbers arranged in a rectangular box usually offset by brackets.

matrix [or matrices]

q623_2

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs).

q623

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.

Portugal

q5534_2

This system uses the Dalvik virtual machine, and specialized versions of it are used on the Nook and the Kindle Fire. Its version numbers are named in alphabetical order for desserts, such as Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean.

q5534

This system uses the Dalvik virtual machine, and specialized versions of it are used on the Nook and the Kindle Fire. Its version numbers are named in alphabetical order for desserts, such as Ice Cream Sandwich and Jelly Bean. Apps for it can be bought on the (*) Play store. For 10 points, name this cell phone operating system that competes with iOS and is owned by Google.

Android

q3032_5

This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. For 10 points, name this third president of the United States.

q3032

This politician responded to Francois Barbe-Marbois in his Notes on the State of Virginia. This man founded the University of Virginia and designed the mansion of Monticello.. This president sent the Lewis and Clark expedition and authorized the (*) Louisiana Purchase. He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. For 10 points, name this third president of the United States.

Thomas Jefferson

q1102_3

When this athlete was the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he became the youngest person ever to win that award. This player was criticized for 3-for-14 shooting in a Game 5 loss to the Boston Celtics in the 2010 playoffs and the owner of his former team, Dan Gilbert, published a letter after this player left in free agency. For 10 points, name this former Cleveland Cavalier who televised his decision to accept a contract with the Miami Heat.

q1102

When this athlete was the 2004 NBA Rookie of the Year, he became the youngest person ever to win that award. This player was criticized for 3-for-14 shooting in a Game 5 loss to the Boston Celtics in the 2010 playoffs and the owner of his former team, Dan Gilbert, published a letter after this player left in free agency. For 10 points, name this former Cleveland Cavalier who televised his decision to accept a contract with the Miami Heat.

LeBron Raymone {James}

q4197_4

In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him. They chased Oedipus (ED-uh-puhs) for wedding his mother and are believed to punish those who swear false oaths. Their members include Alecto (uh-LEK-toh), Megaera (muh-JEER-uh), and Tisiphone (ti-SIF-uh-nee). For 10 points, name these fearsome female winged deities of vengeance from Greco- Roman mythology.

q4197

In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him. They chased Oedipus (ED-uh-puhs) for wedding his mother and are believed to punish those who swear false oaths. Their members include Alecto (uh-LEK-toh), Megaera (muh-JEER-uh), and Tisiphone (ti-SIF-uh-nee). For 10 points, name these fearsome female winged deities of vengeance from Greco- Roman mythology.

{Erinnyes} [{accept} Eumenídes; accept {Furies;} accept Dirae (dahy-ree)]

q1903_3

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake. This story ends with the main character meeting a group of children and swimming in a garden after being surprised by his reflection. A bird is rejected for being too big and for looking like a turkey in, for 10 points, what Hans Christian Andersen story about a character who grows up to become a swan?

q1903

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake. This story ends with the main character meeting a group of children and swimming in a garden after being surprised by his reflection. A bird is rejected for being too big and for looking like a turkey in, for 10 points, what Hans Christian Andersen story about a character who grows up to become a swan?

"The Ugly Duckling"

q2837_3

His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech.

q2837

His opposition to harsh retaliation after the sinking of the Lusitania caused this politician to resign as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State. This man argued against Clarence Darrow in the Scopes Monkey Trial. He proclaimed that "you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns" in his (*) "Cross of Gold" speech. For 10 points, name this three-time Democratic presidential nominee, known as The Great Commoner.

William Jennings Bryan

q247_1

This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines.

q247

This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines. Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994. For 10 points, Pretoria and Cape Town are two capitals of what country at the lowest extremity of the African continent?

Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA}]

q1976_1

Bill Clinton is the United Nations special envoy to this nation.

q1976

Bill Clinton is the United Nations special envoy to this nation. Toussaint L'Ouverture (“TOO-saunt LOO-vair-choor”) National Airport was used as the base of operations for its president, René Préval (“ruh-NAY pray-VAHL”), after a 2010 disaster that provoked mass migration to the neighboring Dominican Republic. For 10 points, population centers including the capital of Port-au-Prince were destroyed by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in what Caribbean nation?

{Haiti}

q1732_2

Scientists announced the discovery of 17 of these objects via infrared satellite imagery in May 2011 at the abandoned capital of Tanis. Some of the oldest known of these structures were constructed over 5,600 years ago, including one for Khufu (KOO-foo).

q1732

Scientists announced the discovery of 17 of these objects via infrared satellite imagery in May 2011 at the abandoned capital of Tanis. Some of the oldest known of these structures were constructed over 5,600 years ago, including one for Khufu (KOO-foo). For 10 points, identify these structures often used as tombs for Egyptian pharaohs whose most famous examples are located at Giza.

pyramids

q4556_5

One figure involved in this event is drunk with the blood of saints. During it, seven vials are poured by seven angels in order to wreak havoc. It is set to take place on the Hill of Megiddo. Death, Famine, War, and Pestilence are the “Four Horsemen” of this event. For 10 points, identify this Biblical event where the forces of good and evil will do battle one last time.

q4556

One figure involved in this event is drunk with the blood of saints. During it, seven vials are poured by seven angels in order to wreak havoc. It is set to take place on the Hill of Megiddo. Death, Famine, War, and Pestilence are the “Four Horsemen” of this event. For 10 points, identify this Biblical event where the forces of good and evil will do battle one last time.

{Apocalypse} [accept {Armageddon}]

q2581_3

In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera. Zephyrus and Chloris [KLOR-iss] blow a goddess to land as a horae greets her at a shore in this artist's most famous work.(*) For 10 points, name this Italian artist who featured a large seashell in his The Birth of Venus.

q2581

In one of this artist's paintings, Mercury wears a red sash as he reaches up to an orange in an orange grove; that painting, whose central figure stands next to the Three Graces, is La Primavera. Zephyrus and Chloris [KLOR-iss] blow a goddess to land as a horae greets her at a shore in this artist's most famous work.(*) For 10 points, name this Italian artist who featured a large seashell in his The Birth of Venus.

Sandro Botticelli [or Alessandro (di Mariano di Vanni) Filipepi]

q199_4

The Atbarah (“ott-BAR-uh”) is an arm of this river that starts at Lake Tana (“TAWN-uh”). The Aswan (“AHS-wahn”) High Dam, an attempt to control this river's flow, resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a massive reservoir shared by two nations. This river splits into two different sections near Khartoum (“CAR-toom”), the Blue and the White. For 10 points, identify this river considered the lifeblood of civilizations in Sudan and Egypt, the longest river in the world.

q199

The Atbarah (“ott-BAR-uh”) is an arm of this river that starts at Lake Tana (“TAWN-uh”). The Aswan (“AHS-wahn”) High Dam, an attempt to control this river's flow, resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a massive reservoir shared by two nations. This river splits into two different sections near Khartoum (“CAR-toom”), the Blue and the White. For 10 points, identify this river considered the lifeblood of civilizations in Sudan and Egypt, the longest river in the world.

{Nile} River

q1635_4

In standard units, this force's namesake constant equals 6.67 times ten to the negative eleventh power. This force's magnitude is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects. On earth it causes objects to accelerate at 9.81 meters per second squared. It acts more strongly on objects of greater mass.

q1635

In standard units, this force's namesake constant equals 6.67 times ten to the negative eleventh power. This force's magnitude is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between two objects. On earth it causes objects to accelerate at 9.81 meters per second squared. It acts more strongly on objects of greater mass. For 10 points, name this fundamental force that causes objects to fall to the ground.

{gravity} [or (universal) {gravitation} and other word forms]

q81_2

Resignations of the President or Vice-President must be delivered to this person. Madeleine Albright was the first woman to hold this position, and one candidate for this position in the second Obama administration withdrew her candidacy due to controversy over the (*) Benghazi attacks.

q81

Resignations of the President or Vice-President must be delivered to this person. Madeleine Albright was the first woman to hold this position, and one candidate for this position in the second Obama administration withdrew her candidacy due to controversy over the (*) Benghazi attacks. Susan Rice was a potential nominee for, for 10 points, what cabinet post dealing with diplomacy and foreign affairs held by John Kerry?

Secretary of State

q740_4

This man described a trip around America with his poodle in Travels with Charley. In a novella by this man, George shoots Lennie to prevent him from being lynched. This man also wrote about the Joad family's attempt to escape the Depression by moving to California from Oklahoma. For 10 points, identify this American author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.

q740

This man described a trip around America with his poodle in Travels with Charley. In a novella by this man, George shoots Lennie to prevent him from being lynched. This man also wrote about the Joad family's attempt to escape the Depression by moving to California from Oklahoma. For 10 points, identify this American author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.

John Ernst {Steinbeck}

q72_3

This bill placed an additional 3.8% tax on investment income for high earners, and it also capped Flexible Spending Accounts. In June 2012, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of this law under Congress's power to levy (*) taxes and granted states the power to avoid its Medicaid expansions. For 10 points, name this law that is supposed to increase the number of people who are covered by health insurance.

q72

This bill placed an additional 3.8% tax on investment income for high earners, and it also capped Flexible Spending Accounts. In June 2012, the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of this law under Congress's power to levy (*) taxes and granted states the power to avoid its Medicaid expansions. For 10 points, name this law that is supposed to increase the number of people who are covered by health insurance.

{Obamacare} [or {Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act} or {PPACA}]

q297_2

When this figure was born, his mother Thetis (THEE-tiss) dipped him in the river Styx in an attempt to make him immortal. Agamemnon took Briseis (BRY-see-iss) from this figure, which caused him to refuse Agamemnon's commands to fight until his friend, Patroclus, died.

q297

When this figure was born, his mother Thetis (THEE-tiss) dipped him in the river Styx in an attempt to make him immortal. Agamemnon took Briseis (BRY-see-iss) from this figure, which caused him to refuse Agamemnon's commands to fight until his friend, Patroclus, died. As revenge for that death, this hero killed Hector. For 10 points, identify this Greek hero who was killed when a poisonous arrow pierced his heel.

Achilles [accept Achilleus]

q3488_4

An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps. Because the speed of sound in this gas is much faster than that in air, inhaling it causes a high-pitched voice. For 10 points, name this lightest noble gas, with atomic number two and symbol He (H-E).

q3488

An alpha particle is a nucleus of this element, which has a filled 1s (ONE S) orbital but no p orbitals at ground state. After the Hindenburg disaster, this gas replaced hydrogen in zeppelins and blimps. Because the speed of sound in this gas is much faster than that in air, inhaling it causes a high-pitched voice. For 10 points, name this lightest noble gas, with atomic number two and symbol He (H-E).

helium [accept He before it is read]

q4850_3

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather. A descendant of Joseph of Arimathea (“AIR-uh-muh-THEE-uh”), this youngest of the Knights of the Round Table died after taking a fated trip to Jerusalem, while accompanied by Sirs Bors and Percival. He is the only figure who is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, due to his destiny.

q4850

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather. A descendant of Joseph of Arimathea (“AIR-uh-muh-THEE-uh”), this youngest of the Knights of the Round Table died after taking a fated trip to Jerusalem, while accompanied by Sirs Bors and Percival. He is the only figure who is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, due to his destiny. The son of Sir Lancelot was, for 10 points, what Arthurian figure who found the Holy Grail?

Sir {Galahad}

q667_3

This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea." He wrote about a creature that sits "On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door." That poem of his begins, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary."

q667

This poet wrote about a maiden who was killed by jealous angels and who lived "in a kingdom by the sea." He wrote about a creature that sits "On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door." That poem of his begins, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary." For 10 points, name this poet of "Annabel Lee" who wrote about the title creature repeating the word "nevermore" in "The Raven."

Edgar Allen Poe

q2199_2

The distribution of these items was outlawed in Mumbai, India after a 2005 flood was partly blamed on blocked drains throughout the city. In 2011, Italy was the first European nation to completely ban their distribution, though biodegradable ones are still legal.

q2199

The distribution of these items was outlawed in Mumbai, India after a 2005 flood was partly blamed on blocked drains throughout the city. In 2011, Italy was the first European nation to completely ban their distribution, though biodegradable ones are still legal. For 10 points, identify these items banned in Seattle as of July 2012, though consumers will still be able to purchase paper ones, or use their own cloth ones.

non-biodegradable {plastic bags} [prompt on {bags}]

q740_3

This man described a trip around America with his poodle in Travels with Charley. In a novella by this man, George shoots Lennie to prevent him from being lynched. This man also wrote about the Joad family's attempt to escape the Depression by moving to California from Oklahoma.

q740

This man described a trip around America with his poodle in Travels with Charley. In a novella by this man, George shoots Lennie to prevent him from being lynched. This man also wrote about the Joad family's attempt to escape the Depression by moving to California from Oklahoma. For 10 points, identify this American author of Of Mice and Men and The Grapes of Wrath.

John Ernst {Steinbeck}

q101_1

The D double prime layer lies in the lowest part of this region.

q101

The D double prime layer lies in the lowest part of this region. The upper part of this region mainly consists of magnesium-iron silicates such as pyroxene (“pie-ROX-een”) and olivine (“olive een”). This layer extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers and contains more than half the Earth's mass. For 10 points, name this molten layer of the Earth that is found between the crust and the core.

{mantle}

q174_1

This empire held together by the use of quipus (“KWEE-poos”) was expanded by Pachacuti (“PAH- chah-COO-tee”) but weakened by civil war between Huascar (“HWASS-car”) and Atahualpa (“AT-uh- WALL-puh”).

q174

This empire held together by the use of quipus (“KWEE-poos”) was expanded by Pachacuti (“PAH- chah-COO-tee”) but weakened by civil war between Huascar (“HWASS-car”) and Atahualpa (“AT-uh- WALL-puh”). Cities built in it included the capital, Cuzco (“KOOZ-ko”), and the city discovered by Hiram Bingham, Machu Picchu. For 10 points, what Native American empire of Peru was overthrown by Francisco Pizarro?

{Inca} empire [{or Inka} empire; {or Incan} civilization]

q1947_1

In this novel, one character has a vision of the destruction of Sandleford which ultimately turns out to be true.

q1947

In this novel, one character has a vision of the destruction of Sandleford which ultimately turns out to be true. That character, Fiver, ultimately starts a search for a new home along with Hazel, BigWig, and Silver. After the title warren is found, a rival faction attacks the protagonists, who are a group of (*) rabbits. For 10 points, name this novel written by Richard Adams.

Watership Down

q1973_3

One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch. At one point, the main characters are taken to a church by their cook, Calpurnia. Mayella Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of assaulting her; Tom is defended by the protagonist's father, the best lawyer in Maycomb, Alabama.

q1973

One character in this book deliberately pours syrup all over his lunch. At one point, the main characters are taken to a church by their cook, Calpurnia. Mayella Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of assaulting her; Tom is defended by the protagonist's father, the best lawyer in Maycomb, Alabama. For 10 points, name this book narrated by Scout, the daughter of Atticus Finch, and written by Harper Lee.

To Kill a Mockingbird

q442_4

It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe. Its non-baryonic (“NON BARE- ee-on-ick”) variety contains no mass. For 10 points, identify this type of matter in the universe named due to its unobservability.

q442

It was the subject of a Scientific American special report dealing with Modified Newtonian Dynamics by Mordechai Milgrom (“MOR-de-kye MILL-grum”). This substance was first proposed in 1934 by Fritz Zwicky (“ZWICK-ee”) to make up for "missing mass" in the universe. Its non-baryonic (“NON BARE- ee-on-ick”) variety contains no mass. For 10 points, identify this type of matter in the universe named due to its unobservability.

{dark matter} [accept {dark} matter after “{matter}” is read]

q1126_3

Blaise Pascal names a theorem about these shapes inscribed in conic sections. Benzene's shape is a regular one of these polygons, and graphene consists of carbon atoms arranged in this shape. It has more sides than any other regular polygon that tessellates a plane.

q1126

Blaise Pascal names a theorem about these shapes inscribed in conic sections. Benzene's shape is a regular one of these polygons, and graphene consists of carbon atoms arranged in this shape. It has more sides than any other regular polygon that tessellates a plane. Internal angles of (*) 120 degrees are found in the regular type of, for 10 points, what shape found in honeycombs that has six sides?

hexagons

q3696_3

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth. That plant is later stolen by a serpent.

q3696

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth. That plant is later stolen by a serpent. This figure slew the guardian of the cedar forest, Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven, with Enkidu. For 10 points, name this king of Uruk and hero of a Mesopotamian epic.

Gilgamesh

q5249_1

The NASA Juno spacecraft is destined for this body in 2016, when it will observe this body's magnetic field and determine the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in its atmosphere.

q5249

The NASA Juno spacecraft is destined for this body in 2016, when it will observe this body's magnetic field and determine the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in its atmosphere. Its closest Galilean satellite is partially molten because of tidal forces, and is called Io. This planet contains cyclones called the Little and (*) Great Red Spots. For 10 points, name this gas giant, the largest planet in the solar system.

Jupiter

q5666_2

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion.

q5666

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?

{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before "cantata" is read]

q1425_3

In 1822, the House of Iturbide (“EE-tur-BEE-day”) assumed control of this nation for one year. This nation was ruled by an Austrian emperor installed by Napoleon III, Maximilian, although he was overthrown by Benito Juarez (“WAHR-ezz”). The Gadsden Purchase bought land from this country, whose victory at Puebla (“PWAY-bluh”) is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo.

q1425

In 1822, the House of Iturbide (“EE-tur-BEE-day”) assumed control of this nation for one year. This nation was ruled by an Austrian emperor installed by Napoleon III, Maximilian, although he was overthrown by Benito Juarez (“WAHR-ezz”). The Gadsden Purchase bought land from this country, whose victory at Puebla (“PWAY-bluh”) is celebrated as Cinco de Mayo. For 10 points, identify this nation that once owned California and Texas.

Mexico

q919_4

One character on this show was a model who dated a girl named Marta before taking a job as a doorman. Another character on this show spent 3 days in law school and repeatedly sets things on fire. One of the main character's friends is a tech (*) wizard with an overbearing mother, while the other is a meat-addicted delinquent who co-hosts the title show. For 10 points, name this Nickelodeon sitcom starring Miranda Cosgrove as the host of an internet webcast.

q919

One character on this show was a model who dated a girl named Marta before taking a job as a doorman. Another character on this show spent 3 days in law school and repeatedly sets things on fire. One of the main character's friends is a tech (*) wizard with an overbearing mother, while the other is a meat-addicted delinquent who co-hosts the title show. For 10 points, name this Nickelodeon sitcom starring Miranda Cosgrove as the host of an internet webcast.

iCarly

q4868_4

In conics, if this value is less than 0, a circle or ellipse forms. If this value is 0 in cubic functions, there is one root of multiplicity 2. If this value is positive in a quadratic equation, then there are two real solutions; and the formula for finding this value in a quadratic equation is b squared minus four a c. For 10 points, name this value which can be used to determine the nature of roots of a function.

q4868

In conics, if this value is less than 0, a circle or ellipse forms. If this value is 0 in cubic functions, there is one root of multiplicity 2. If this value is positive in a quadratic equation, then there are two real solutions; and the formula for finding this value in a quadratic equation is b squared minus four a c. For 10 points, name this value which can be used to determine the nature of roots of a function.

discriminant

q236_3

This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan.

q236

This leader fought with co-emperor Licinius in battles at Cibalae (SEE-ball-AY) and Adrianople. It is said that he had a vision before the Battle of Milvian Bridge. He called for the Council of Nicaea and issued the Edict of Milan. He was the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity, and he established an eastern capital at Byzantium. For 10 points, name this Roman Emperor who lent his name to the city now called Istanbul.

{Constantine I} [or {Constantine} the {Great;} or {Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus;} or Saint {Constantine}]

q7377_1

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich).

q7377

This nation's breakup was achieved by the actions of Milan Kucan (mee-LAHN koo-CHAHN) and Franjo Tudman (FRAHN-yoh TOOJ-mahn), and led to war crimes charges against Radovan Karadzic (RAH-duh-vahn kuh-RAH-jich) and Slobodan Milosevic (SLOH-buh-dahn muh-LOH-suh-vich). For almost half of its history, Marshal Tito was the leader of this country, part of which became Serbia and Montenegro after both Croatia and Slovenia declared independence. For 10 points, identify this Balkan nation that broke apart in the early 1990s.

Yugoslavia

q4845_1

In Norse mythology, the wolf Hati will devour this object at Ragnarok while Skoll will eat its sister.

q4845

In Norse mythology, the wolf Hati will devour this object at Ragnarok while Skoll will eat its sister. One goddess of this object put the shepherd Endymion in an eternal sleep and was the sister of Eos and Helios. Thoth's ibis bill represents the (*) crescent shape of this object. The Greek goddess Selene and the Roman goddess Luna were goddesses of, for 10 points, what nighttime celestial object?

moon

q3785_3

The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side. (*) For 10 points, name this trigonometric ratio commonly calculated as "adjacent over hypotenuse" in right triangles.

q3785

The dot product of two vectors over the product of their lengths gives this function of the angle between them. A law named for this function generalizes the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles; it uses two sides of a triangle and the included angle to find the length of the third side. (*) For 10 points, name this trigonometric ratio commonly calculated as "adjacent over hypotenuse" in right triangles.

cosine [accept cosine of x, with x being any letter]

q1415_3

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men.

q1415

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf. His rib was used to make his wife, Eve. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure, the first man.

Adam

q6207_1

At the suggestion of a Serbian merchant, this artist began his career making toys.

q6207

At the suggestion of a Serbian merchant, this artist began his career making toys. His works include the giant Flamingo in Chicago. As his popularity grew, he started to construct both wire sculpture and kinetic art as seen in Form Against Yellow and Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. For 10 points, name this American sculptor known for inventing the mobile sculpture.

Alexander {Calder}

q1607_5

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth." Hundreds of these works dedicated to Laura are contained in Il Canzoniere by Petrarch, while a "Dark Lady" is the subject of 26 of this type of (*) poem. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" was one of 154 written by William Shakespeare. For 10 points, name this 14-line poetic form.

q1607

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth." Hundreds of these works dedicated to Laura are contained in Il Canzoniere by Petrarch, while a "Dark Lady" is the subject of 26 of this type of (*) poem. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" was one of 154 written by William Shakespeare. For 10 points, name this 14-line poetic form.

sonnet [prompt on \"poem\"; accept Shakesperean sonnet during the first sentence, but do not accept after; do not accept Petrarchan sonnet]

q3307_6

The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them. Defining their square roots requires (*) imaginary numbers. Integers that are not natural numbers are either zero or one of these. For 10 points, name these numbers that are less than zero.

q3307

The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them. Defining their square roots requires (*) imaginary numbers. Integers that are not natural numbers are either zero or one of these. For 10 points, name these numbers that are less than zero.

negative numbers

q293_2

The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”).

q293

The island of Bornholm is in this body of water, which is connected by the Kiel (“KEEL”) Canal to the North Sea. One arm of this sea is the Gulf of Bothnia, and the large island of Saaremaa (“SAH-reh- MAH”) guards its Gulf of Riga (“REE-guh”). Five national capitals lie on this body of water, including Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, and Stockholm. For 10 points, name this sea south of Scandinavia.

{Baltic} Sea

q1903_1

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake.

q1903

The protagonist of this story is attacked with fire tongs shortly after a farmer rescues him from a freezing lake. This story ends with the main character meeting a group of children and swimming in a garden after being surprised by his reflection. A bird is rejected for being too big and for looking like a turkey in, for 10 points, what Hans Christian Andersen story about a character who grows up to become a swan?

"The Ugly Duckling"

q5634_1

This figure protected the seven daughters of Jethro, one of whom, Zipporah, became this figure's wife.

q5634

This figure protected the seven daughters of Jethro, one of whom, Zipporah, became this figure's wife. This son of Yocheved (“YO-keh-ved”) once killed an Egyptian overseer who was beating a slave, after which this brother of Miriam fled to Midian until God appeared to him in the form of a burning bush. For 10 points, name this leader of the Israelites who begged Pharaoh to “let my people go.”

{Moses}

q2085_1

pH in this fluid is regulated by the bicarbonate (“bi-CAR-bo-nate”) ion buffer system.

q2085

pH in this fluid is regulated by the bicarbonate (“bi-CAR-bo-nate”) ion buffer system. Cells in this fluid include leukocytes (“LOO-ko-sites”) and erythrocytes (“uh-RITH-ro-sites”), while platelets help form clots that stop its flow. It is carried in arteries and veins. For 10 points, name this fluid that delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and is pumped by the heart.

blood

q10478_1

In one poem, this writer depicted the blacksmith named Basil as the father of Gabriel, who is the sweetheart of the title daughter of Benedict.

q10478

In one poem, this writer depicted the blacksmith named Basil as the father of Gabriel, who is the sweetheart of the title daughter of Benedict. In another poem, this writer depicted the evil magician named Pearl-Feather who is defeated by a title Native American. For 10 points, name this American writer who wrote Evangeline and The Song of Hiawatha.

Henry Wadsworth {Longfellow}

q363_1

This city is protected from floods by a dam centered on the island of Kotlin.

q363

This city is protected from floods by a dam centered on the island of Kotlin. A bronze equestrian statue of this city's namesake stands in Senate Square, the site of the Decembrist revolt. This city lies on the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of the Neva River, a few hundred miles northwest of (*) Moscow. For 10 points, name this Russian city, formerly known as Leningrad and Petrograd, considered the most Westernized Russian city.

{St. Petersburg} [prompt on {\"Leningrad\"} or {\"Petrograd\"} before they are mentioned]

q966_4

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring. French models of this instrument have open holes, and this instrument represents the bird in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. Unlike other woodwinds, it lacks a reed. It comes in end-blown and side-blown varieties.

q966

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring. French models of this instrument have open holes, and this instrument represents the bird in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. Unlike other woodwinds, it lacks a reed. It comes in end-blown and side-blown varieties. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument, whose varieties include the piccolo.

flute

q2141_1

This man's family was kicked out of the Borjigin clan after his father Yesugei was poisoned.

q2141

This man's family was kicked out of the Borjigin clan after his father Yesugei was poisoned. After this leader came to power, he created the Yassa legal code, and this man and his son are credited for building up Karakorum and defeating the Khwarezmian Empire. Because one of his sons, Jochi, was poisoned, his successor was another son, Ogedei. (*) For 10 points, identify this founder of the Mongol Empire and grandfather of Kublai Khan.

{Genghis Khan} [accept {Temujin;} prompt on Khan]

q1146_4

This man composed a ballet called The Creatures of Prometheus (“pro-MEE-thee-us”), and Leonato is a major character in his opera Fidelio (“fih-DAY-lee-oh”). His third symphony was originally written to honor Napoleon and was called Eroica (“air-OH-ih-kuh”). A later symphony by this man borrows from Schiller's "Ode to Joy" for its choral final movement. For 10 points, name this composer whose fifth symphony begins with a fate knocking at the door theme and who went deaf.

q1146

This man composed a ballet called The Creatures of Prometheus (“pro-MEE-thee-us”), and Leonato is a major character in his opera Fidelio (“fih-DAY-lee-oh”). His third symphony was originally written to honor Napoleon and was called Eroica (“air-OH-ih-kuh”). A later symphony by this man borrows from Schiller's "Ode to Joy" for its choral final movement. For 10 points, name this composer whose fifth symphony begins with a fate knocking at the door theme and who went deaf.

Ludwig von {Beethoven}

q1860_1

This poet wrote of a man who is asked, "Why don't you speak for yourself, John?"

q1860

This poet wrote of a man who is asked, "Why don't you speak for yourself, John?" when he delivers another man's marriage proposal in "The Courtship of Miles Standish." This poet of "The Children's Hour" also wrote of a man who saw two lamps in the belfry of the Old North Church, indicating that the British were arriving by sea. For 10 points, name this poet of "Paul Revere's Ride," who also wrote "The Song of Hiawatha."

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

q1641_2

The philosophy of nullification was developed to oppose this form of government. The Ninth and Tenth Amendments specifically create this type of government, which is defined as a power-sharing arrangement between national and state governments.

q1641

The philosophy of nullification was developed to oppose this form of government. The Ninth and Tenth Amendments specifically create this type of government, which is defined as a power-sharing arrangement between national and state governments. For 10 points, name this type of government after which a political party including John Adams was named.

{federalism} [accept word forms such as {federalist}]

q4480_1

A triangular patch of clouds that circulates this planet quickly is known as The Scooter.

q4480

A triangular patch of clouds that circulates this planet quickly is known as The Scooter. Its atmosphere contains the fastest winds in the solar system. Its existence was predicted by Alexis Bouvard, and it was discovered by Johann Galle. It often contains the Great Dark Spot. Its largest moon, which has a retrograde orbit, is Triton. For 10 points, name this gas giant, the farthest from the Sun in the solar system.

Neptune

q2141_4

This man's family was kicked out of the Borjigin clan after his father Yesugei was poisoned. After this leader came to power, he created the Yassa legal code, and this man and his son are credited for building up Karakorum and defeating the Khwarezmian Empire. Because one of his sons, Jochi, was poisoned, his successor was another son, Ogedei. (*) For 10 points, identify this founder of the Mongol Empire and grandfather of Kublai Khan.

q2141

This man's family was kicked out of the Borjigin clan after his father Yesugei was poisoned. After this leader came to power, he created the Yassa legal code, and this man and his son are credited for building up Karakorum and defeating the Khwarezmian Empire. Because one of his sons, Jochi, was poisoned, his successor was another son, Ogedei. (*) For 10 points, identify this founder of the Mongol Empire and grandfather of Kublai Khan.

{Genghis Khan} [accept {Temujin;} prompt on Khan]

q1335_4

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether. One goddess associated with this location is Hebe, who serves its residents nectar and ambrosia. Bellerophon (bell-AIR-oh-fahn) tried to fly to this location after slaying the Chimera, but Zeus sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus and Bellerophon fell off. For 10 points, identify this location in Greek myth, the home of Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus.

q1335

Homer claimed that this place never has storms and is bound in aether. One goddess associated with this location is Hebe, who serves its residents nectar and ambrosia. Bellerophon (bell-AIR-oh-fahn) tried to fly to this location after slaying the Chimera, but Zeus sent a gadfly to sting Pegasus and Bellerophon fell off. For 10 points, identify this location in Greek myth, the home of Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus.

Mount Olympus

q3840_3

Amazonstone (“AM-uh-zon-STONE”) and cleavelandite (“Cleveland ite”) are members of this group of minerals. Samples of it which show a high opalescence (“OH-puh-LESS-ence”) are traded as moonstone, and some with a yellow or orange tint are sold as sunstone. The plagioclase (“PLAY-jee-oh- CLASE”) and alkali (“AL-kuh-lye”) forms of this mineral are prevalent in granite.

q3840

Amazonstone (“AM-uh-zon-STONE”) and cleavelandite (“Cleveland ite”) are members of this group of minerals. Samples of it which show a high opalescence (“OH-puh-LESS-ence”) are traded as moonstone, and some with a yellow or orange tint are sold as sunstone. The plagioclase (“PLAY-jee-oh- CLASE”) and alkali (“AL-kuh-lye”) forms of this mineral are prevalent in granite. Made of aluminum, silicon, and either calcium, sodium, or potassium, for 10 points, name this mineral, number 6 on the Mohs scale of hardness.

feldspar

q1467_1

This play's opening brawl is started by Gregory and Samson.

q1467

This play's opening brawl is started by Gregory and Samson. Later in this play, Friar John fails to deliver a letter written by Friar Lawrence. Mercutio is killed by Tybalt in Act III of this play. This play features the feud between the Montagues (“MON-tay-gyooz”) and the Capulets. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare tragedy, depicting a doomed romance between the two title “star-crossed lovers.”

{Romeo} and {Juliet}

q2673_1

At the Battle of Kirina, Sumanguru (SOO-man-GOO-roo) was defeated by the founder of this empire, Sundiata Keita.

q2673

At the Battle of Kirina, Sumanguru (SOO-man-GOO-roo) was defeated by the founder of this empire, Sundiata Keita. Another of this empire's rulers had the Sankore (SAN-koh-REH) mosque built in Timbuktu and caused a dramatic decrease in the price of gold by giving away vast amounts of the metal on his hajj to Mecca. For 10 points, identify this West African empire once ruled by Mansa Musa.

{Mali} Empire

q421_3

This author wrote about a country at war with Blefuscu; he also created the land of Glubbdrubdrib and a flying island, Laputa. One of his characters goes to a land with 72-feet-tall men. This author also suggested that the rich should eat poor Irish children in "A Modest Proposal."

q421

This author wrote about a country at war with Blefuscu; he also created the land of Glubbdrubdrib and a flying island, Laputa. One of his characters goes to a land with 72-feet-tall men. This author also suggested that the rich should eat poor Irish children in "A Modest Proposal." For 10 points, identify this British author who wrote of the title character's journey to Lilliput in Gulliver's Travels.

Jonathan Swift

q898_1

One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium.

q898

One variant of this organelle (“OR-guh-NELL”) is found in muscle cells and stores calcium. Like the Golgi body, it is composed of flattened sacks called cisternae (“SIS-ter-nay”). This set of tubes contains chaperone proteins, which help fold proteins. Those proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, which are attached to one form of this organelle. For 10 points, name this “packaging center” of the cell, which is divided into rough and smooth types.

{endoplasmic reticulum} [or {ER} ; accept {sarcoplasmic reticulum} or {SR}]

q4913_3

Metallic bonds can be modeled as "seas" of these particles. In another model, the repulsion between pairs of them leads to molecular shapes like trigonal planar and octahedral. The fundamental charge is the charge of one of these particles, which can be found in s, p, d, and f orbitals.

q4913

Metallic bonds can be modeled as "seas" of these particles. In another model, the repulsion between pairs of them leads to molecular shapes like trigonal planar and octahedral. The fundamental charge is the charge of one of these particles, which can be found in s, p, d, and f orbitals. J.J. Thomson discovered, for 10 points, which negatively-charged components of the atom that orbit the nucleus?

electrons

q4806_4

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville.

q4806

In 1983 this character was given a purple and green battle suit. This cancer survivor was fictionally the forty-third U.S. President. John Byrne rewrote this character as a white-collar criminal who runs a prominent aerospace company. He has been portrayed by Gene Hackman and Kevin Spacey in movies, and Michael Rosenbaum in Smallville. For 10 points, name this bald supervillain known for his rivalry with Superman.

Alexander John {"Lex" Luthor}

q1814_3

This man was the first to state that the color of light was determined by light's interaction with other objects. This man was the first to coin the term "Action at a Distance." His second law states that force is equal to the time derivative of momentum, or F equals m a.

q1814

This man was the first to state that the color of light was determined by light's interaction with other objects. This man was the first to coin the term "Action at a Distance." His second law states that force is equal to the time derivative of momentum, or F equals m a. For 10 points, name this man who derived three laws of motion and apocryphally discovered gravity when an apple fell on his head.

Isaac Newton

q3307_4

The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them. Defining their square roots requires (*) imaginary numbers.

q3307

The tangent function gives these numbers when its input is in the 2nd or 4th quadrant. Using these numbers as exponents is defined in terms of a reciprocal. The absolute value function changes them. Defining their square roots requires (*) imaginary numbers. Integers that are not natural numbers are either zero or one of these. For 10 points, name these numbers that are less than zero.

negative numbers

q547_3

Smaller islands that are part of this nation include the Chatham Islands and Stewart Islands. The Cook Strait separates the two main islands of this country, whose smaller main island contains the old capital of Auckland. The Maori people live on the North and South Islands in, for 10 points, what nation with a capital at Wellington that sits over 1,000 miles off the coast of Australia?

q547

Smaller islands that are part of this nation include the Chatham Islands and Stewart Islands. The Cook Strait separates the two main islands of this country, whose smaller main island contains the old capital of Auckland. The Maori people live on the North and South Islands in, for 10 points, what nation with a capital at Wellington that sits over 1,000 miles off the coast of Australia?

New Zealand

q4969_1

This structure is divided into Brodmann areas, and develops from the telencephalon ("TEAL"-en- SEFF-ah-"lawn").

q4969

This structure is divided into Brodmann areas, and develops from the telencephalon ("TEAL"-en- SEFF-ah-"lawn"). The corpus callosum ("CORE"-puss kuh-LOE-sum) connects the two hemispheres of this structure, which is divided into temporal, parietal, occipital, and frontal lobes. For 10 points, name this largest area of the brain, which controls voluntary thoughts and actions.

{cerebrum} [accept {cerebral cortex;} accept {neocortex;} accept {forebrain;} prompt on brain]

q2679_1

Instruments in this family represent the fossils in Camille Saint-Saens' Carnival of the Animals, while they were also used rhythmically in his Danse Macabre (“DONSE muh-COB-ruh”).

q2679

Instruments in this family represent the fossils in Camille Saint-Saens' Carnival of the Animals, while they were also used rhythmically in his Danse Macabre (“DONSE muh-COB-ruh”). A roll on an instrument from this family, followed by a chorus, opens Karl Orff's O Fortuna. For 10 points, name this family of instruments often played with mallets that includes the triangle and every type of drum and keyboard instrument.

percussion

q2929_4

In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this work by Grant Wood, which symbolized America in the 1930s.

q2929

In this painting, the colonial print and flowers on the woman's dress symbolize domestic care and the traditional role of women in society. The two figures in this work were modeled after the artist's dentist and sister. The man has a cross look on his face and symbolizes hard labor by holding a pitchfork. For 10 points, name this work by Grant Wood, which symbolized America in the 1930s.

American Gothic

q21_4

The highest point in this nation is Jebel Toubkal, and foreign enclaves surrounded by this nation include Melilla (meh-LEE-yah) and Ceuta (say-OO-tah). Its cities include Safi and Marrakech, and this country is home to the western terminus of the Atlas Mountains. It is north of the disputed Western Sahara and south of the Strait of Gibraltar. For 10 points, name this country that includes the cities of Casablanca and Rabat.

q21

The highest point in this nation is Jebel Toubkal, and foreign enclaves surrounded by this nation include Melilla (meh-LEE-yah) and Ceuta (say-OO-tah). Its cities include Safi and Marrakech, and this country is home to the western terminus of the Atlas Mountains. It is north of the disputed Western Sahara and south of the Strait of Gibraltar. For 10 points, name this country that includes the cities of Casablanca and Rabat.

Kingdom of {Morocco} [or {Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah}]

q2464_2

In this novel, the protagonist lies about what happened to an amethyst brooch so she can go to a picnic. That protagonist makes up names like Willowmere for locales around her village and inadvertently gets her friend Diana Barry drunk on "raspberry cordial."

q2464

In this novel, the protagonist lies about what happened to an amethyst brooch so she can go to a picnic. That protagonist makes up names like Willowmere for locales around her village and inadvertently gets her friend Diana Barry drunk on "raspberry cordial." (*) For 10 points, name this novel about a redheaded orphan adopted by Marilla and Matthew Cuthbert of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, a novel by Lucy Maud Montgomery.

Anne of Green Gables

q2634_1

Edouard (“ED-oo-ard”) Lalo wrote a violin concerto named after a symphony from this country.

q2634

Edouard (“ED-oo-ard”) Lalo wrote a violin concerto named after a symphony from this country. One composer from this country wrote a ballet that contains the Fire Dance and portrays Caramelo (“CAR-uh- MELL-oh”), called Love, The Magician. A dance from this country was the inspiration for Maurice Ravel's Bolero. For 10 points, name this European country that was written about in Albeniz's (“AL-ben- eez's”) Iberia and whose toreadors are characters in Carmen.

{Spain}

q1324_1

One author from this country won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book, The Captive Mind, which had been banned by the communist government of his homeland.

q1324

One author from this country won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his book, The Captive Mind, which had been banned by the communist government of his homeland. That writer, Czełslaw Miłosz (CHES-waf ME-Wosh), also wrote a poem for a memorial to slain shipyard workers in (*) Gdansk. For 10 points, identify this country, the setting for many books by Isaac Bashevis Singer, including A Day of Pleasure: Stories of a Boy Growing Up in Warsaw.

Republic of Poland [or Rzeczpospolita Polska]

q2742_2

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said.

q2742

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess and wife of Zeus.

Hera

q2096_2

This work opens with stories of a pilot who misread his directions and a friend who was distracted by a salmon hatchery. This book's protagonist runs off with his baby brother Gabe to avoid punishment by "Release."

q2096

This work opens with stories of a pilot who misread his directions and a friend who was distracted by a salmon hatchery. This book's protagonist runs off with his baby brother Gabe to avoid punishment by "Release." The title character is able to turn off the speaker, see colors, and transfer memories from the past world. For 10 points, what novel about a "Receiver of Memories" named Jonas was written by Lois Lowry?

The Giver

q278_3

This mountain range was created by the subduction of the Nazca Plate. The southern part of this mountain range is found in Patagonia and, further south, Tierra del Fuego. The altiplano (all-tee-PLAHnoe), a plateau of this range, contains Lake Titicaca.

q278

This mountain range was created by the subduction of the Nazca Plate. The southern part of this mountain range is found in Patagonia and, further south, Tierra del Fuego. The altiplano (all-tee-PLAHnoe), a plateau of this range, contains Lake Titicaca. This range contains the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere, Mount Aconcagua. For 10 points, name this mountain range of South America.

{Andes} Mountains

q2122_2

The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (“cas-CAH-ho”). That character's donkey is named Dapple and accompanies Rocinante (“ro-sin-AHN-tay”), the nag of this novel's protagonist.

q2122

The wife of one character in this novel is named Teresa Cascajo (“cas-CAH-ho”). That character's donkey is named Dapple and accompanies Rocinante (“ro-sin-AHN-tay”), the nag of this novel's protagonist. A long-legged paunchy rustic named Sancho Panza is the squire of the title character. For 10 points, name this novel by Miguel de Cervantes (“ser-VAHN-tayss”) in which a chivalry-obsessed title character tilts at windmills.

{Don Quixote} de la Mancha

q318_2

One author from this country wrote about Bam and Maureen Smales escaping civil war in July's People. Another author from this country wrote about the murder of Arthur Jarvis by Absalom Kumalo.

q318

One author from this country wrote about Bam and Maureen Smales escaping civil war in July's People. Another author from this country wrote about the murder of Arthur Jarvis by Absalom Kumalo. It is the home of Nadine Gordimer and the author of Cry the Beloved Country, Alan Paton. For 10 points, what country's twentieth-century literature was shaped by its racial segregation policy of Apartheid?

{Republic} of {South Africa} [accept Union of {South Africa;} accept {RSA}]

q1460_2

The title character of this work is hired on as a burglar after unknowingly advertising for a job through a mark on his door. In this work, an attempt is made to reclaim family treasure and avenge the deaths of the villagers of Dale by a group of (*) dwarves.

q1460

The title character of this work is hired on as a burglar after unknowingly advertising for a job through a mark on his door. In this work, an attempt is made to reclaim family treasure and avenge the deaths of the villagers of Dale by a group of (*) dwarves. The dwarves are aided by a wizard named Gandalf, and a less-obviously powerful character named Bilbo. For 10 points, name this novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien.

The Hobbit

q3696_4

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth. That plant is later stolen by a serpent. This figure slew the guardian of the cedar forest, Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven, with Enkidu.

q3696

In one quest, this figure is directed to the ferryman Urshanabi (UR-shah-NAH-bee) by Siduri. After his companion dies, this figure visits Utnapishtim (OOT-nah-PEESH-tim), who tells him where to find a plant capable of restoring youth. That plant is later stolen by a serpent. This figure slew the guardian of the cedar forest, Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven, with Enkidu. For 10 points, name this king of Uruk and hero of a Mesopotamian epic.

Gilgamesh

q2154_3

In this work, Unferth boasts about beating the protagonist in a swimming contest. As his dying action, the protagonist gives Wiglaf a royal gold collar. Partly taking place in the mead hall Heorot, this work presents Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, as helpless in battling a (*) monster who comes nightly to eat warriors.

q2154

In this work, Unferth boasts about beating the protagonist in a swimming contest. As his dying action, the protagonist gives Wiglaf a royal gold collar. Partly taking place in the mead hall Heorot, this work presents Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, as helpless in battling a (*) monster who comes nightly to eat warriors. For 10 points, name this Old English epic poem in which the title hero kills Grendel and Grendel's mother.

Beowulf

q7786_2

This politician claimed that he went into politics because of Ayn Rand and made Atlas Shrugged required reading for his staff, but he later said he rejected Rand's atheism. He is the current chair of the House Budget Committee, and one of his budget proposals was titled (*) "The Path to Prosperity."

q7786

This politician claimed that he went into politics because of Ayn Rand and made Atlas Shrugged required reading for his staff, but he later said he rejected Rand's atheism. He is the current chair of the House Budget Committee, and one of his budget proposals was titled (*) "The Path to Prosperity." For 10 points what Wisconsin Republican was Mitt Romney's Vice Presidential nominee in the 2012 election?

Paul {Ryan}

q4866_1

Temples dedicated to this god include the Trimbakeshwar and Ramanaswathamy.

q4866

Temples dedicated to this god include the Trimbakeshwar and Ramanaswathamy. Five is a sacred number to this god, which is reflected in his namesake "Five Mantras". His sons are Kartikeya and Ganesha. Although he's not Vishnu, this god has a number of avatars, and his wife is (*) Parvati. For 10 points, name this Hindu god which, along with Brahma and Vishnu, makes up the Hindu trimurti, a "destroyer" god.

Shiva [accept Shiva the Destroyer, Shiva the Transformer]

q1686_1

This novel begins as the main character and his mother Ellen plant potatoes.

q1686

This novel begins as the main character and his mother Ellen plant potatoes. In this novel, the main character's family's farm is vandalized due to neighborhood outrage over his brother Bill's decision to fight against his brothers Tom and John. Jenny and Shadrach marry after Shadrach is wounded at Gettysburg in, for 10 points, what novel depicting the maturation of Jethro Creighton during the Civil War, by Irene Hunt?

Across Five Aprils

q603_2

Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV.

q603

Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV. T cells and B cells are the major white blood cells of this system, which produces antibodies. For 10 points, name this body system that defends an organism against bacterial and viral infections.

immune system

q1488_2

This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge. This man feigned his death in order to trick Harold Godwinson into defeat at the Battle of Hastings.

q1488

This ruler was forced to wait eight months to begin a campaign for the throne he contested with the King of Norway, Harald Hardrada (hard-RAH-dah), whose own campaign ended unsuccessfully at Stamford Bridge. This man feigned his death in order to trick Harold Godwinson into defeat at the Battle of Hastings. For 10 points, name this Norman ruler whose achievements were chronicled on the Bayeux Tapestry.

{William I} of England [or {William} the {Conqueror;} or {William} the {Bastard;} or {William II} of {Normandy;} or {Guillaume} le {Conquérant;} prompt on {William} of {Normandy}]

q3390_3

The Diprotodon was the largest member of this taxonomic group known to exist, while its last big carnivore, the thylacine, went extinct in the Hobart Zoo. Burrowers in this infraclass, such as wombats, have a namesake feature opening to the rear. Its only North American species is the opossum.

q3390

The Diprotodon was the largest member of this taxonomic group known to exist, while its last big carnivore, the thylacine, went extinct in the Hobart Zoo. Burrowers in this infraclass, such as wombats, have a namesake feature opening to the rear. Its only North American species is the opossum. For 10 points, name this mammal group that gives birth to tiny young and rears them in an external pouch, as seen in the kangaroo.

{Marsupial} [or {Marsupialia}]

q1784_2

In one of this man's stories, Bill and Sam kidnap the title bratty son of Ebenezer Dorset. In addition to "The Ransom of Red Chief," he wrote a work in which Jim and Stella buy a comb set and a watch chain for one another but end up sacrificing the watch and the hair for which the gifts were meant.

q1784

In one of this man's stories, Bill and Sam kidnap the title bratty son of Ebenezer Dorset. In addition to "The Ransom of Red Chief," he wrote a work in which Jim and Stella buy a comb set and a watch chain for one another but end up sacrificing the watch and the hair for which the gifts were meant. For 10 points, name this writer of the collection The Four Million, which contains his short story "The Gift of the Magi."

O. Henry [or William Sydney Porter]

q2053_4

This non-Italian artist included a bare-chested torso in the background of his The Sacrament of the Last Supper. He included many cubes in the "disintegration" of his best-known painting, and also created a Lobster Telephone. His best-known painting includes several ants on a (*) timepiece, as well as clocks which have the appearance of melting. For 10 points, name this Spanish surrealist who painted The Persistence of Memory.

q2053

This non-Italian artist included a bare-chested torso in the background of his The Sacrament of the Last Supper. He included many cubes in the "disintegration" of his best-known painting, and also created a Lobster Telephone. His best-known painting includes several ants on a (*) timepiece, as well as clocks which have the appearance of melting. For 10 points, name this Spanish surrealist who painted The Persistence of Memory.

Salvador (Felipe Jacinto) Dalí (i Domènech)

q554_3

In Major Barbara, Andrew Undershaft became rich by manufacturing these objects. Both Hedda Gabler and Young Werther (VEHR-tuhr) commit suicide using these objects. One of these objects shown in the background early in a story will be important later, according to a literary device named for Anton Chekhov.

q554

In Major Barbara, Andrew Undershaft became rich by manufacturing these objects. Both Hedda Gabler and Young Werther (VEHR-tuhr) commit suicide using these objects. One of these objects shown in the background early in a story will be important later, according to a literary device named for Anton Chekhov. For 10 points, Eugene Onegin agrees to a duel that uses what bullet-firing weapons?

guns [accept pistols; prompt on weapons; prompt on munitions]