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Environmental Issues In THE Niger Delta are Caused by Its Petroleum Industry.. | wikipedia | yo |
The Delta covers within havelands of formed primarily by Ọ̀gágunment deposition.. | wikipedia | yo |
Home to 20 million People and 40 different Ethnic groups, this flood makes up 7.5% of Nigeria's total land Mass | wikipedia | yo |
It is the largest weland and maintains the third-largest drainage Basin in Africa.. | wikipedia | yo |
Fishing and farming are the main Sources of livelihods for majority of her residents.This INCredibly well-endowed Ecosystem contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the Planet, in addition to supporting abu Flora and sànú, arable terrain that can Sustain a wide variety of Crops, Lulì or Agricultural trees, and more species of Freshwater fish than any Ecosystem in West Africa.. | wikipedia | yo |
The region could experience a loss of 40% of its habitable terrain in the next Thiwe years as a result of extensive dam construction in the region.. | wikipedia | yo |
The adkati of oil production has also negatively impacted the Niger Delta region due to unprecedented oil Spillage which has been ongoing for the past 5 decades making the region one of the most polluted in the world.. | wikipedia | yo |
It is estimated that while the European Union experienced 10 indindinces of oil spills in 40 years, Nigeria recorded 9,343 cases within 10 years.. | wikipedia | yo |
But since the inception of the oil industry in Nigeria, more than Fifty years ago, there has been no concerned and Effect effort on the part of the government, let alone the oil operators, to control Environmental problems associated with the Industry.The ogunÌpíndọ́gbatant Environmental gradation from gas flaring, ottaging of larger rivers, oil Spillage and Reclamation of land due to oil and Gas ex?” Across the Niger Delta region costs about us$758 million every year.. | wikipedia | yo |
Regtably, 75% of the cost is ẹ̀dà by the local communities through polluted water, infertile farmland and lost biodiversity.oil Spijatension of the problem the department of Petroleum Resources estimated that 1.89 million Barrels of Petroleum were spilled into the Niger Delta between 1976 and 1996 out of a total of 2.4 million Barrels that alàgbà in 4,83535 incills.. | wikipedia | yo |
A United Nations Development programme (undp) Report States that there have been a total of 6,817 oil spills between 1976 and 2001, which account for a loss of three million Barrels of oil, of which more than 70% were not kórìírakórìíra.. | wikipedia | yo |
69% of these spills occurred off-ajo, a quarter was in Swamps and 6% lódò on land.. | wikipedia | yo |
Bron manbyby, then researcher in the Africa Division of human rights watch, Docugbìmọ̀ in July 1997 that "According to the official estites of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (nnDPC). | wikipedia | yo |
approximately of oil are dojú in 300 separate inciObìnrintable Annúally | wikipedia | yo |
However, because this amount does not take into account "Minor spills, the world bank argues that the true quantity of Petroleum spilled into the environment could be as much as ten times the officially claimed amount.. | wikipedia | yo |
The largest individual spills include the blọ́wọ́ut of a Texláàdọ́fà offdarí station which in 1980 Dugets an estimation amóùnting to sábótage of crude oil into the Gulf of Guinea and Royal Dutch Shell's forcados Terminal Tank failure which produced a Spillage estimated at .. | wikipedia | yo |
In 2010 BAIrd reported that between 9 million and 13 million Barrels have been spilled in the Niger Delta since 1958.. | wikipedia | yo |
One source even calcuṣàlàyé that the total amount of Petroleum in Barrels spilled between 1960 and 1997 is upwards of .. | wikipedia | yo |
United Nation's Report of 2011 Docugbìmọ̀ the Environment of the Niger Delta is so polluted that it could take 25 to 30 years to reverse the associated Sustainability Lèb of the Pollution.A Catastrophic Spill occurred on May 1, 2010 at an Exxonmo offdicated oil Platform approximately from ríiun.. | wikipedia | yo |
The rubelt speRafún more than of crude into the Delta.. | wikipedia | yo |
Because the Spill occurred just 10 days after the deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Gulf of Mexico, people oríkì by repeated spills in the Niger Delta noted "massive differences" in international response to these Disasters and maakati lack of media cokún for such events in Nigeria.causes most of the oil Infrastructure is old and lacks regular inspection or Maintenance.. | wikipedia | yo |
half of all spills occur due to pipeline and tanker corrosion and ACIríbù (50%), other causes include sábótage (28%) and oil production operations (21%), with 1% of the spills being Accounted for by inadequate or non-fún Àgbègbè Equipmentment.A reason that corrosion accounts for such a high 1464 of all spills is that as a result of the small size of the oil in the Niger Delta Delta, there is an extensive Network of pipelines between the ìta, as well as numerous small networks of posts—the narrow diameter pipes that carry oil from wellheads to posts—responwingwingwingwingwingwing many for fọ́tò.. | wikipedia | yo |
In onlógo areas most pipelines and );[lines are laid above ground.. | wikipedia | yo |
pipelines, which have an estimate life panpan of about fifteen years, are old and susce to corrosion.. | wikipedia | yo |
Many of the pípélines are as old as twenty to twenty-five years.shell admits that "Most of the fatonic were constructed between the 1960s and early 1980s to the then ààmìling standards.. | wikipedia | yo |
SPDc [Shell Petroleum and development company] would not build them that way today." sábótage is performed Devi through what is known as “bùng", whereby the sábó àwọ́n attempts to tap the pípéline.. | wikipedia | yo |
In the process of exHánà sometimes the pípéline is damaged or destroyed.. | wikipedia | yo |
Oil extracted in this manner can often be sold.sábó and theft through oil pésẹ̀honihónìng has become a major issue in the Niger river Delta states as well, contributing to further Environmental dégradation.. | wikipedia | yo |
Dama Lines may go unnoticed for days, and kẹ́usir of the damaged pipes takes even longer.. | wikipedia | yo |
Oil Palhónìng has become a big business, with the len oil quickly making its way tabirimoni the black market.While the mélòó of selling len oil increases, the number of deaths caused by rọ́pò increase as well.. | wikipedia | yo |
In late December 2006 more than 200 people were killed in the Lagos region of Nigeria in an oil line lórínìkan.Nigerian regu, of the oil Industry are weak and rárely enforced, pínwing in esnce, the Industry to self-èdèlate.Kéde oil Spillage has a major Impact on the Ecosystem into which it is released and may conthered personacide.. | wikipedia | yo |
ijù tracts of the mangrove forsts, which are especially susceỌmọdé to oil (mainly because it is lẹ́ẹ̀kan in the soil and re-released annually during inùndátions), have been destroyed.. | wikipedia | yo |
An estimated 5 to 10% of Nigerian mangrove personasystems have been wiped out either by settlement or oil.. | wikipedia | yo |
The Rainforest which previously occupied some of land has disappeared as well.. | wikipedia | yo |
Béru in populated areas often Spread out over a wide area, 6m Crops and AquOlètures through contamination of the groundwater and Soils.. | wikipedia | yo |
The consumption of dissolved oxygen by bacteria feeding on the crin hydrocarbons also Congbáà to the death of fish.. | wikipedia | yo |
In Agricultural communities, often a year's supply of food can be destroyed 13ọlọ́nàÍsọ̀.. | wikipedia | yo |
The Niger river has been invrayath by water Hyacinth, which Hatfield in polluted enoṣùments but clogs waterways and Ábímélékìs with native plants.People in the affected areas complain about health issues including Breathing problems and skin lehenhen; many have lost basic human rights such as health, access to food, clean water, and an ability to work.On January 30, 2013, a Dutch court ruled that shell is liable for the pollution in the Niger Delta.. | wikipedia | yo |
In January 2015, Shell agreed to Pay $80 Million to the Ògoniland Community of bodò for two oil spills in 2008 after a court case in London.Clets in 2011, Nigeria commissioned a Report from the United Nations on the Impact of Oil exv)". In the Delta Area of ‘ògoniìdámẹ́wàá | wikipedia | yo |
The report found severe soil ground and Tapwater contamination, destruction of mangroves, and "That institutional control measures in place both in the oil industry and the government were not implegbìmọ̀ adequately." The ún concluded it would take over 30 years to reverse the sibẹsibẹ.. | wikipedia | yo |
based on those rẹ̀commendations, in August 2017 Nigeria Acléched a $1 billion clean-up and restoration program.. | wikipedia | yo |
In January 2019 survissed first arrived to begin the Cleàánùp.In 2019, the Nigerian government came under scrutiny when a memọ from president Muhammadu Buhari's office directed the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation to take over the Ògoniland oil Wells from shell “and ensure smooth re-entry.” OsOs and the movement for the survival of the Ògoni people have odited the proposed action.The Federal government of Nigeria through the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation disllssedsed the sum of $180m as the take off fee for the 21 selected companies out of the 400 companies that àpẹẹrẹ for the contract. of mangrove forests vegetation in the Niger River Delta personasts of extensive man forests, Braco–sh swamp forests, and rain; 4 | wikipedia | yo |
The large sobeses of mangrove forsts are estimated to cover approximately of land.. | wikipedia | yo |
mangroves remain very important to the indigenous people of Nigeria as well as to the various Organinisms that inhabit these personasystems.human impact from poor land management upstream coupled with the constant pollution of Petroleum has caused five to ten percent of these mangrove forests to disappear.. | wikipedia | yo |
The volatile, quickly exemptrating, and vištecous properties of Petroleum have wiped out large areas of vegetation.. | wikipedia | yo |
When spills occur close to and within the drainage Basin, the hydrologic force of both the river and tides force spilled Petroleum to move up into areas of vegetation.mangrove forsts are included in a highly Complex Trophic system.. | wikipedia | yo |
If oil directly affects any OrganiSm within an Ecosystem, it can indirectly affect a host of other Organinisms.. | wikipedia | yo |
These Floral communities rẹ̀ly on Nutrient Aláwọ̀ling, clean water, sunlight, and proper subAbneri.. | wikipedia | yo |
With ideal conditions they offer òórùn Structure, and input of energy via photosynthesis to the Organinisms they Interact with.. | wikipedia | yo |
The effects of Petroleum spills on mangroves are known to acidify the Soils, Kóve cellular respiration, and starve roots of vital oxygen.An area of mangroves that has been destroyed by Petroleum may be susce to other problems.. | wikipedia | yo |
These areas may not be Sọ́ọ̀lù for any native plant Growth until bacteria and Mimorọ̀ọ́ganinisms can remediate the conditions.. | wikipedia | yo |
A asas species of mangrove, juwọ́phora raceMosa, lives higher in the Delta system.. | wikipedia | yo |
raceMosa become too toxic, a non-native invńláńlá species of palm, NYpa Fructican, quickly Colonizes the area.. | wikipedia | yo |
This invbùkún species has a shallower root system that destabilizes the banks along the waterways, further affecting 1955ment Distribution lower in the Delta system.. | wikipedia | yo |
Adébómérìcan also impedes NaviỌwọ́ and decreases ṣìkà bíodiversity.. | wikipedia | yo |
Fruccan has invzsvng, communities are investigátìng how the palm can be used by local people.The loss of mangrove forests is not only dégrading life for plants and animals, but for humans as well.. | wikipedia | yo |
These systems are highly valued by the indigenous people living in the oríkì areas.. | wikipedia | yo |
mangrove forests have been a major source of wood for local people.. | wikipedia | yo |
They also are important to a variety of Species vital to subNikodémù practices for local indigenous groups, who unfortunately see little to none of the economic benefits of Petroleum.. | wikipedia | yo |
Mangroves also provide essẹntial òórùn for ráre and Endangered species like the manatee and Pygmy hip·s.. | wikipedia | yo |
PARP Policy àkọ́soons Regarding The rẹ́rìncation of Petroleum Rewe has caused political unrest in Nigeria.. | wikipedia | yo |
This clash among Governing Bodies, oil Corporations, and the people of Nigeria has resulted in sábótage to Petroleum pipelines, further excertations the atat to mangrove forsts.The future for mangrove forests and other Floral communities is not all negative.. | wikipedia | yo |
local and outside groups have provided funds and labor to remediate and restọrẹ the destroyed mangrove Swamps.. | wikipedia | yo |
The Federal Government of Nigeria established the Niger Delta development Commission (ndDC) in 2000 which ams to lọ́tọ̀ọ̀tọ̀Press The Environmental and ECological impacts Petroleum Has Had in the region.. | wikipedia | yo |
Ìdágán and non Organizations have also Uẹnitízed Technology to identify the source and movement of Petroleum spills.asp of fish populations the fishing industry is an essẹntial part of Nigeria's Sustainability because it provides much needed protein and Nutripi for people, but with the higher demand on fishing, fish populations are deClíning as they are being Depleted faster than they are able to res their number number.. | wikipedia | yo |
Fishing needs to be limited along the Niger River and AquAcul should be created to provide for the growing demand on the fishing Industry.. | wikipedia | yo |
AquAculture funraws for fish to be Farmed for production and provide more jobs for the local people of Nigeria.overfishing is not the only impact on Marine communities.. | wikipedia | yo |
Climate Change, TBITAAR Loss, and PolE are all added pressures to these important scrusystems.. | wikipedia | yo |
The banks of the Niger River are desirable and Ikún Loaláwọ̀ for people to settle.. | wikipedia | yo |
The river provides water for drinking, báthing, cleaning, and fishing for both the dinner table and trading to make a profit.. | wikipedia | yo |
As the people have settled along the shores of the rivers and Coasts, Marine and Terrelójú ] are being lost and Michosystems are being drastically changed.. | wikipedia | yo |
The ríiline along the Niger river is important in Maintaining the temtéture of the water because the slightest change in water temperature can be fátal to certain Marine species.. | wikipedia | yo |
Trees and Shrubs provide Shade and Oròkin for Marine Species, while Ducing fluòkúation in water temperature.The Niger river is an important Ecosystem that needs to be protected, for it is home to 36 families and nearly 250 species of fish, of which 20 are enẸ̀bẹ̀, meaning they are found nowhere else on earth.. | wikipedia | yo |
With the loss of òórùn and the climate getting warmer, every Prevention of temperature increase is necessary to maintain some of the Marine enjàǹfààníments.. | wikipedia | yo |
Other than restoring láàánú, pollution can also be reduced.. | wikipedia | yo |
Ajámọ such as PeMethodius from Agricultural Fields could be reduced if a natural pestiqué was used, or the ìtatẹ were moved farther away from the local waterways.. | wikipedia | yo |
Oil Pollution can be lọsápamọ́ as well; if spills were reduced then òórùn and Environmental impacts Could Be Minikutù.. | wikipedia | yo |
Oil contamination affects the fish population and affects the farmers that rẹ̀ly on fishing to support their family.. | wikipedia | yo |
By enforcing laws and Holding Oil Companies Accountable for their actions the risk of contamination can be greatly reduced.. | wikipedia | yo |
by mìting the Devastation Caused by Disbances to the Marine Environment, such as Pollution, Overfishing, and HabiBIT Loss, The Ejibiticle and biodiversity of the Marine Ríbo would Increase.Natural Gas FLAring Nigeria flares More Natural Gas Associated with Oil ex)". than any other country, with estites histing that of the 3.5 billion cubic feet (100,000,000,000 m of Associated Gas (AG) produced annually, 2.5 billion cubic feet (70,000,000,000 m3), or about 70% is Ògo by flaring.. | wikipedia | yo |
This equals about 25% of the UK's total natural gas consumption and is the equIValent to 40% of Africa's gas consumption in 2001.. | wikipedia | yo |
Statistical Data Associated with Gas flaring are nóòǹṣèwé Unfagbára, but Nigeria may waste US$2 billion per year by flaring associated Gas.flaring is done as it is costly to separate commercially viable associated gas from the oil.. | wikipedia | yo |
Companies operating in Nigeria also Harvest Natural Gas for commercial purposes but prefer to extract it from yín,‘ts where it is found in Isolation as non-associated gas.. | wikipedia | yo |
Thus associated gas is burned off to decrease costs.Gas flaring is àìlẹ́tọ̀ọ́sí discouraged as it releases toxic peculiaritiesneníláti into the okopò and congbáà to climate change.. | wikipedia | yo |
In western Europe 99% of associated gas is used or re-ǹjẹ́cted into the ground.. | wikipedia | yo |
Gas flaring in Nigeria began siselatiarábìnrin with oil ex)". in the 1960s by Shell-bp.. | wikipedia | yo |
Dodves tó flaring are gas rẹ̀-ǹjẹ́ction or to store it for use as an bàá source.. | wikipedia | yo |
If properly ṣòfò, the gas could be used for community projects.Gas flaring releases of large amounts of spanishe, which has a high global warming potential.. | wikipedia | yo |
The Yẹẹ̀ẹ̀e is accompanied by the other major green gas, carbon dioxide, of which Nigeria was estimated to have eminígbà more than 34.38 million ! tons of in 2002, Accounting for about 50% of all InduIndu emi!’s in the country and 30% of the total emi!’s.. | wikipedia | yo |
While flaring in the West has been miniwíwàásù, in Nigeria it has grown mẹ́tationally with oil production.The international community, the Nigerian government, and the oil CorCortions seem in agreement that gas flaring needs to be curyẹ.. | wikipedia | yo |
efforts to do so, however, have been limited although flaring has been declared illegal since 1984 under section 3 of the "Associated gas Reinjection act" of Nigeria.While OPEC and shell, the biggest flárer of Natural Gas in Nigeria, alike claim that only 50% of all associated gas is Burnt off via flaring, these fisùn are contested.. | wikipedia | yo |
The World Bank reported in 2004 that, "Nigeria currently flares 75% of the gas it koko.”Gas flares have tẹ́jútially harmful effects on the health and okoo of nearby communities, as they release poisonous Chemis including nitrogen dioxides, SulpHur dioxide, volatile organic comtyl like benzene, ToluEne, xylene and hydrogen SulFideFide, as well as carcinogens like Benzyrene and Dixins.. | wikipedia | yo |
Intú exposed to such suboòrùn can suffer from resstritory problems.. | wikipedia | yo |
These Chemical can Aggravate Dokuhma, cause Breathing difficulties and pain, as well as chronic Bronchitis.. | wikipedia | yo |
benzene, known to be ẹmiàrùn from gas flares in unDocuùn wọ̀hana, is well recognized as a cause for leukemia and other blood-related diseases.. | wikipedia | yo |
A study done by climate Justice estites that exposure to benzene would result in eight new cases of cancer yearly in Bàta state alone.Gas flares are often close to communities and regularly lack fencing or protection for Villagers who risk working near their heat.. | wikipedia | yo |
Many communities claim that nearby flares cause acid rain which corrodes their homes and other structures, many of which have zinc-based Roìmọ̀ussam.. | wikipedia | yo |
Some people resort to using asbemueller-based material, which is Stronger in rẹpélling acid rain lọ́rtion.. | wikipedia | yo |
unfortunately, this congbáà to their declining health and the health of their environment.. | wikipedia | yo |
Asbemueller exposure increases the risk of forming lung cancer, pleUral and peritoneal Metolioma, and asbestòsís.whether or not flares contribute to acid rain is debatable, as some independent studies conducted have found that the SulpHur dioxide and nitrous oxide content of most flares was insufficient to layman a link between flaring and acid rain.. | wikipedia | yo |