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Jeckyll & Hyde (musicians)

Jeckyll & Hyde is the stage name of the Dutch duet of producers and Jump musicians Maarten Vorwerk and Ruud van IJperen (DJ Ruthless). Their first commercial hit, "Frozen Flame", reached #11 on the Dutch Top 40 charts. Their second single from The Album, "Freefall", reached #1 in the Dutch Top 40 charts, making it the first instrumental #1 hit in the Netherlands since 1995. "Time Flies", the third single, has also been receiving major airplay on Dutch TV and radio stations. == Reception == Jeckyll & Hyde received two TMF Award nominations in 2007 - the TMF Party Award and the TMF Radio Hit Award - winning the TMF Party Award. The origin of Jeckyll & Hyde is possibly from the movie Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde(1931)

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List of Batak people

== Athletes == * Radja Nainggolan, Belgian footballer & Belgium international * Saktiawan Sinaga, football player * Mahyadi Panggabean, football player == Entertainers == * Bill Saragih, jazz musician * Joy Destiny Tobing, singer * Nadya Hutagalung, actress * Zivanna Letisha Siregar, model == Military == * Abdul Haris Nasution, former commander of Indonesian army forces * Donald Izacus Panjaitan, Indonesian revolutionary hero * Maraden Panggabean, former Indonesian government minister == Politician == * Adam Malik, former Indonesian vice president * Akbar Tanjung, former head of Golkar party * Amir Sjarifuddin, former Indonesian prime minister * Burhanuddin Harahap, former Indonesian prime minister * Malam Sambat Kaban, Indonesian government minister * Raja Inal Siregar, former North Sumatera Province Governor * Muchtar Pakpahan, former chairman of the Labor Party and founder of Indonesia Prosperety Trade Union (SBSI)

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Eriogonum heermannii

Eriogonum heermannii is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Heermann's buckwheat. It is native to the southwestern United States from California to Utah where it grows on rocky slopes, desert flats, and dry washes. == Description == This shrub is quite variable in appearance, and there are a number of varieties. It may be a small, rounded patch ten centimeters wide or a sprawling bush up to two meters tall. It is an intricately branched, brambly plant having small woolly leaves scattered along its green to brown stems. The leaves do not persist long and leave behind a naked weedy form bearing very tiny flower clusters at nodes along the thin stems. Each cluster is less than three millimeters wide and holds white, yellow, or pink flowers.

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Hazelbury Manor

Hazelbury Manor is a Grade I listed manor house, parts of which date back to the 14th century, in the hamlet of Hazelbury in Wiltshire, England. == Manor == The manor contains a great hall with minstrel's gallery, dining room, drawing room, kitchens, a master bedroom and seven further bedrooms. The facilities include an integral office, indoor and outdoor swimming pools and other assorted buildings. The manor was purchased by the Speke family in the early 17th century and passed to the Northey family in the early 18th century. In the early 20th century George Kidston bought it and restored its 16th century structure with the help of the architect Harold Brakspear, at the same time enlarging the house considerably in an architecturally sensitive fashion. George Kidston also wrote a book on its history. The manor is not open to the public. == Gardens == The manor is set in of land, 8 of which are landscaped gardens. The gardens are Edwardian-style and were laid out by George Kidston in the 1920s. They contain topiary, and colourful herbaceous borders. Later (1980s) additions include a circle of menhirs and a laburnum walk. == Plays == Plays are sometimes held on the grounds in summer. The plays are part of Shakespeare Live, an annual outdoor production in the region that is for charity.

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University of Tokyo, Komaba Campus

The University of Tokyo, Komaba Campus is one of the five university campuses and home to the department of the College of Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, and a number of advanced research facilities and campus services. It is the campus for all freshmen and sophomores in undergraduate school. Every University of Tokyo student spends at least two years in the Komaba Campus. University of Tokyo is the only university in Japan that has a system of two years of general education before the students choose their majors. In this system, the Komaba Campus is the cornerstone of the general education, and was designated as the “center of excellence” for three new areas of research by the Japanese Ministry of Education and Science. There are over 7,000 students in the junior division (freshmen and sophomores) for College of Arts and Sciences, about 450 students in the senior division, and 1,400 graduate students. == History == The Komaba Campus is located in Komaba Meguro district, Tokyo. This area was called Komaba Meadows, which served as a hunting ground for the Tokugawa family. In 1878, the Komaba School of Agriculture was founded, and in 1919, the school became Faculty of Agriculture of the Tokyo Imperial University that is the predecessor of University of Tokyo. During World War II, many of the school buildings were destroyed and the new buildings were not built until the Faculty of Agriculture was transferred to Hongo Campus, and Komaba became Dai-ichi KotoGakko. The new buildings were constructed following the architectural styles of Hongo Campus. The Komaba Campus finally became the University’s College of General Education after incorporated into the postwar University of Tokyo, and later renamed as College of Arts and Sciences. == Buildings == === Building.1 === Building.1, located in front of the Main Gate, is designated as Japanese cultural asset and is one of symbolic buildings in Komaba. The clock tower is opened to the public twice a year. Its shape is square with a courtyard and has about 50 rooms. On the second floor is Academic Guidance Center, which provides students with some information about shinfuri system () and departments. On the third floor is Student Counseling Center, where students can consult counselors. === Administration Office === Administration Office is a building on the right side of the Main Gate. Offices important for campus life are in this building. For example, Academic Affairs Division deals with reports submission and reissuing a student identification card. Student Support Division helps find part-time jobs, introduces lodgings, lends lecture rooms or equipment, and keeps unclaimed lost articles. === Information Education Building === Information Education Building is on the left side of the Main Gate. In this building, students can use several PCs to send or receive e-mails, surf the Net, build Websites, make reports, and so on. Students can also bring their own PC and connect it to the Net. Lectures on Information are held in this building with a lot of Macintosh computers. === Auditorium ({{nihongo|Building 900| 900番教室|Kyuuhyakuban kyoushitsu}}) === Auditorium is the largest lecture room in Komaba. It seats around 600 people. It is used for lectures and explanatory meetings of some organizations or concerts. === Komaba Communication Plaza (Northern Complex) === CO-OP and Bookstore are in this building. Bookstore deals with reference books or scientific books to magazines, literary works and paperbacks. === Komaba Communication Plaza (Southern Complex) === Cafeteria Wakaba is on the first floor of this building, and Dining Icho on the second. Each can accommodate about 500 people. === Campus Plaza === Campus Plaza consists of Complex A, B, C. The Office, meeting rooms, music studios and clubrooms are in Complex A and B. Theatrical circles use the hall in Complex C for public performances. === Gakusei Kaikan ({{nihongo|Gakusei Kaikan|学生会館|Gakusei Kaikan}}) === Many clubs called “circle” have their clubroom in this building. On the 1st floor are photocopiers or printing presses called Ges-pri that are used to print bills of a circle or prints for a terminal examination. Gakusei Kaikan is so crowded that numbered tickets have to be distributed before a school festival or a terminal examination. === Komaba Library === Komaba Library is the second largest library of the University of Tokyo, after General Library on Hongo campus. It contains about 560,000 volumes. Reading rooms are on the 2nd, 3rd and 4th floors. On the first floor are the counter, a lounge, computers for book searching, copy section, and Media Park, where students can make use of PCs. Students can borrow 5 books at a time and keep them for two weeks. In the basement there is a special collection of rarely borrowed books and foreign language books. Access requires a special card available at the front office. === Gymnasium 1, 2 === Gymnasium 1, 2 are in the northern part of Komaba Campus. Gymnasium 1 has three floors. Students practice Judo, Kendo, table tennis and ball games in it. Gymnasium 2 is a space for badminton or basketball. === Health Service Center Komaba Branch === Students can undergo a medical examination, or consult a doctor in Health Service Center. It has departments of Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, Orthopedics, Dentistry and Orthodontist, and Dermatology. === Komaba Museum === The College Art Museum is on the 1st floor of Komaba Museum and the College Science Museum is on the 2nd. Both Museums are open to the public. The College Art Museum houses pictures painted in Japanese style or Western style of the Meiji or Taisho Era, archaeological materials from ancient China, Korea and Japan, Andean folk materials, and so on. On the other hand, the College Science Museum possesses extensive samples of mineral ores, fungi and insects. Also exhibited are experimental apparatuses, measuring instruments, models for teaching which were used when Western science or engineering were introduced to Japan. == Students' Life == === Circles === There are as many as 344 clubs that are called “circle” in the University of Tokyo. The difference between a “circle” and a varsity (a team that represents the university) is whether the club is funded by the university. There is only one school team for each sport, but there may be many “circles” for one sport. “Circles” can be divided into three groups; one group is the group of “circles” that belongs to Komaba Campus and another group is the “circles” that belongs to Student-Department and the other is the group that is not admitted by the university. It is important for “circles” and varsities to have newcomers every year so that they can exist. Every year, in April (when freshmen enters universities in Japan), every "circle" and varsity rush to grab some freshmen in their “circles”. It is called (). There are 344 “circles” is the University of Tokyo. Exactly half of them are sports related clubs and the other half of them are cultural ones. Among sports clubs, there are 26 tennis clubs, 10 soccer clubs, 7 basketball, badminton, volleyball and alpine clubs, 5 ski clubs, 4 Aiki-do clubs and so on. Among 172 cultural clubs, 34 clubs are about music and the others are about various kinds of hobbies. If a student enters the University of Tokyo and wants to join one, they may join a "circle" that matches their interest, or they may create one if there is no “circle” that matches their interest. More than half of the clubs are inter-college clubs. Some of the clubs are limited to the students who belong to the University of Tokyo. === Varsities({{nihongo|Undoukai|運動会|Undoukai}}) === There are teams that represents the university called () in Japanese. Here are the results of the varsities. 2006 Baseball Club: Tokyo 6 University’s League in Spring, 2006: 6th Tokyo 6 University’s Freshmen’s Cup: 4th Tokyo 6 University’s League in Fall, 2006: 6th 2007 Baseball Club: Tokyo 6 University’s League in Spring, 2007: 6th Lacrosse Blue Bullets: Freshmen’s Cup: 1st === Mitaka International Hall of Residence === Located in Shinkawa, Mitaka City, Mitaka International Hall of Residence is home to most of the foreign students and is established to provide housing for Komaba students. The ratio between Japanese and international students are about 7:3, and the male to female ratio is 8:2. Each of the 605 single rooms is equipped with basic furniture, kitchenette, shower and toilet, air-conditioner and a telephone. The monthly rent is 14,000 Japanese Yen (excluding power and water fees), which is low considering the regular rent in the Tokyo area. Although most of the Mitaka residents only live in the residence for two years, the Mitaka International Hall of Residence provides help to foreign students as well as Japanese students who come to Tokyo for the education. === Shiketai === The Shiketai system is one of the unique traditions of Komaba campus. Shiketai is the abbreviation for Shiken-Taisakuiin or one of the test measure committee members. The system works by first choosing a chairperson who organizes the committee by assigning different subjects to some class members who are good at the subject. The person in charge of the subject summarizes the knowledge learned during the classes and provides the class member with the material to prepare for the final. This is a cooperative system within the class, and usually, each Univ. of Tokyo students has been one of the Shiketais in some subject. === Komaba Festival === Komaba Festival, or KomabaSai in Japanese, is an annual three-day-festival held in the Komaba campus by the students. Komaba Festival committee, which is in charge of the festival, is usually set up in early May. The members of the committee are mainly freshmen and sophomores studying on the Komaba Campus. It is considered one of the most energetic　campus festival. Though smaller than the Hongo campus, over 400 events and about 80,000 people attend the festival each year. It is one of the biggest campus festival held in Japan.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld () is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church in Scotland, forming an episcopal hierarchy distinct from that of England and Wales. On 9 January 2014, Stephen Robson was enthroned as the diocese's ninth bishop. == History == It is thought that the diocese was constituted as far back as the middle of the ninth century. The first occupant was styled Bishop of Fortriu, the name by which the kingdom of the northern Picts was then known. This bishop was also styled Abbot of Dunkeld, perhaps holding jurisdiction, formerly enjoyed by Iona, over the other Columban monasteries in Scotland. The new bishopric appears to have included a great part of what afterwards became the Diocese of Argyll, and retained its jurisdiction over various churches representing old Columban foundations. There were thirty-five bishops of Dunkeld from its foundation until the suppression of the Catholic hierarchy during the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. The pre-Reformation cathedral, situated in the Perthshire town of Dunkeld, was erected between 1220 and 1500. After the Reformation the cathedral fell partly into ruins, although the choir is used for Presbyterian worship. The Catholic Church restored the diocese on 4 March 1878, by decree of Pope Leo XIII. Dunkeld is one of the suffragan sees in the archiepiscopal province of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, and includes the counties of Perth, Angus, Clackmannan, Kinross, and the northern part of Fife. The diocesan cathedral is dedicated to Saint Andrew and is located in Dundee rather than Dunkeld, Dundee being the residence of the majority of the Catholics of the diocese and the largest centre of population. The cathedral chapter, erected in 1895, consists of a provost and eight canons. In 2010 the diocese comprised 35 parishes of 43,000 Catholics from a total population of 400,000 (10.8%) served by 48 priests and 9 deacons. In area the diocese is . == Education == Due to the number of immigrants from Ireland during the 19th century, the see city of Dundee has always had a higher percentage of Catholics (between 18%-20%) than other cities and towns on the East Coast. As a result, since that time, there have been a good number of primary and secondary schools in the diocese. As of 2010, the Diocese website listed 21 primary schools and 4 secondary schools: two in Dundee (St. John's and St. Paul's), St. John's in Perth and Kilgraston School (an independent school) in Bridge of Earn some few miles south-east of Perth. == Religious communities == There are 5 institutes of religious life for men: the Redemptorists who run a retreat centre at Kinnoull in Perth; the Pallotines at St. Joseph's, who serve the Polish community in Dundee; the CST Fathers (Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux) (an Oriental rite foundation from India) in the parish of St. Clement of Rome; the SMA Fathers (Society of African Missions) in Dunblane and the Marist Brothers who teach. Within the diocese there are 7 institutes of religious life for women: the Columban Sisters, the Little Sisters of the Poor, the Religious Sisters of Charity, the Servite Sisters, the Sisters of Mercy, the Society of the Sacred Heart and the Ursulines. These women are involved in a variety of ministries: teaching, administration, parish work and running a home for the elderly. The Diocese also operates its own facility for elderly people: St. Mary's Home in Monifieth as well as a day care centre attached to the home. == Past and present ordinaries == The following is a list of the modern Bishops of Dunkeld: * George Rigg (appointed 22 March 1878 – died 18 January 1887) * James August Smith (appointed 14 August 1890 – translated to the Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh on 30 August 1900) * Angus MacFarlane (appointed 21 February 1901 – died 24 September 1912) * Robert Fraser (appointed 14 May 1913 – died 28 March 1914) * John Toner (appointed 8 September 1914 – died 31 May 1949) * James Donald Scanlan (succeeded 31 May 1949 – translated to the Diocese of Motherwell on 23 May 1955) * William Andrew Hart (appointed 27 May 1955 – retired 26 January 1981) * Vincent Paul Logan (appointed 26 January 1981 - resigned 30 June 2012) * Stephen Robson (appointed 11 December 2013)

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Cawthron Institute

The Cawthron Institute is New Zealand's largest independent science organisation, specialising in science that supports the environment and development within primary industries. Established in 1919 with a bequest from Thomas Cawthron, the organisation’s activities must benefit the Nelson Region and the nation. Governed by the Board of Trustees of the Thomas Cawthron Charitable Trust, Cawthron Institute employs almost 200 scientists, researchers,laboratory specialists and technical staff. Cawthron has its main facilities in Nelson. They work with regional councils, government departments, major industries, private companies, and other research organisations throughout New Zealand and around the world. Cawthron employs approximately 200 scientists, laboratory technicians, researchers and specialist staff from more than 20 countries. They have both chemistry and microbiology labs, and have a major focus on food related testing for food safety and export certification. Cawthorn holds IANZ accreditation for a wide range of tests. Their scientists include experts in aquaculture, marine and freshwater resources, food safety and quality, algal technologies, biosecurity and analytical testing.

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Eriogonum hirtellum

Eriogonum hirtellum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name Klamath Mountain buckwheat. It is endemic to the Klamath Mountains of far northern California, where it is known from only a few occurrences. == Description == This is a perennial herb forming thick, woody mats up to 40 centimeters high and wide on serpentine soils. It has light green, hairless leaves each up to two centimeters long and it blooms in spherical clusters of bright yellow or pink flowers. While this plant has a very small distribution, it is not currently considered threatened.

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List of Atari Age issues

The following is an issue list for the magazine Atari Age. Atari Age was a magazine distributed to Atari Club members from 1982 until 1984. It was published by The Atari Club Inc., a subsidiary of Atari Inc. == Volume I, Number 3 - September / October 1982 == :Inside a Cartridge ROM, Swordquest!; The Martians have Landed; Inside a Cartridge ROM; Cartridge Discount Offers; Editorials; Atari :International; The Realsports 3-pack; Atari news; Previews of VCS games and 5200 Trakball; Atari's Arcade Award Winners. == Volume I, Number 4 - November / December 1982 == :Inside a VCS Joystick; the making of Atari Force; An interview with Steven Spielberg; Letters and a maze; Editorials; New Cartridge :Report; Sneak Peeks; The Clubhouse store; A contest, Atari '82 in review. == Volume II, Number 1 - May / June 1983 == :Inside a 5200 Trakball; Atari Video Cube; Inside the 5200 Trakball; Jungle Hunt puzzle; Captain's Log; Atari News: SwordQuest :Earthworld, Defender, Multimedia; New Cartridge Report; Sneak Peeks; Your Turn: reader contributions; Atari Safari Promotional; :Kangaroo; Jungle Hunt; Puzzle Power; Game Grams; The Clubhouse Store; An offer for Atari Age Parents; 5200 Flash featuring :Pole Position and Countermeasure. == Volume II, Number 2 - July / August 1983 == :CES Resport; Pole Position; The Making of a High Tech Ad; Captain's Log; New Cartridge Report; Atari News featuring the Earthworld :Contest Winner; ARCS; Your Turn: reader contributions; Defender Master Strategy Guide; Game Grams; The Clubhouse Store; Berzerk - :Critic's Choice; Star Wars and Arabian coin ops; About the Star Raiders comic book; The Atari Safari; 5200 Flash Cartridges and price :tables. == Volume II, Number 4 - Nov 1983 / Feb 1984 == :Quadrun; Mario Bros.; Information about the 8-bit computer line; Captain's Log; New Cartridge Report; Tips: How to shoot screen photos; :"The Casebook of Arcade"; Game Grams; Atari News; Sneak peeks, featuring Millipede and Firefox; Your Turn: reader contributions; :Master Strategy Guide - Berzerk; Mario Bros. promo; A calendar; Computerworks (home computer information); 5200 Flash with Robotron, :Pengo, Berzerk, and Moon Patrol; 5200 Flash Cartridges and price tables; The Hits of '83.

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Black Thunder Coal Mine

The Black Thunder Coal Mine is a surface coal mine in the U.S. state of Wyoming, located in the Powder River Basin which contains one of the largest deposits of coal in the world. Black Thunder is the second most productive mine in the United States, providing the U.S. with eight percent of its coal supply. In 2007, the mine produced 86,196,275 short tons (78.2 million metric tonnes) of coal, nearly 20 percent of Wyoming's total coal production, and higher than 23 other individual coal producing states. Black Thunder’s dragline excavator is the biggest in the world and produces enough coal to load up to 20-25 trains per day. Draglines are not used to dig coal but only strip overburden. Black Thunder operates six draglines, not just one. Coal is excavated by power shovels and loaded into haul trucks. In 2009, the America’s Power Factuality Tour stopped at the Black Thunder Coal Mine to report on its role in generating electricity in the United States. In 2010, the Black Thunder Mine dug up an estimated 115 million tons of coal, an increase of 34 million tons over 2009. The increase was a result of merging the Jacobs Ranch Mine - and its average 38 million tons per year - into the Black Thunder's annual production. With the acquisition of Jacobs Ranch Mine, Black Thunder is now the world's top coal producer. In 2011, the America Revealed “Electric Nation” episode aired on PBS and features Thunder Basin’s Black Thunder coal mine. == History == The mine was opened in 1977, and run by ARCO Coal until it was acquired in 1998 by Arch Coal. For most of its existence, Black Thunder has been the largest mine in the country (by production), but it was surpassed by the nearby North Antelope Rochelle Mine. North Antelope Rochelle was created after Peabody Energy purchased the Rochelle mine next door to their North Antelope Mine and consolidated operations. Arch Coal, Inc. announced on March 9, 2009 that it has agreed to purchase Rio Tinto's Jacobs Ranch mine adjoining Black Thunder, which resulted in Black Thunder once again becoming the largest mine in the world.

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Division No. 11, Newfoundland and Labrador

Census Division No. 11 is composed of the Nunatsiavut area of the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Division 11 was used for the first time in the Canada 2006 Census; prior to 2006, Nunatsiavut was counted as part of Division 10. The division had a population of 2,617 at the time of the Canada 2011 Census, up from 2,414 in the 2006 census, but down from an adjusted figure of 2,634 in 2001. It has a land area of 69,371.45 km2. It was the second least-populated census division in Canada in 2006; only British Columbia's Stikine Region was smaller. == Towns == * Hopedale * Makkovik * Nain * Postville * Rigolet

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Georgiana (steamboat)

Georgiana was a propeller-driven steamboat that operated on the Columbia River from 1914 to 1940. Georgiana was built of wood, and specially designed for the Harkins Transportation Company, a steamboat line in which the wealthy Henry L. Pittock was a shareholder. == Construction and launching == Georgiana was built at Joseph Supple's yard in Portland, Oregon just as railroads and highways would end the days of steamboats on the Columbia river and all other inland waterways of the Pacific Northwest. Her name honored three women, Georgiana Pittock, wife of Henry L., and her granddaughters, Georgiana Leadbetter and Georgiana Gantenbein. L.O. (Lyle Owen) Hosford was the first captain of Georgiana, and his sister Cora christened the vessel at her launching on June 20, 1914. Georgiana was small (242 tons displacement, 145' length, 22.5' beam) compared to some of the other ships that ran on the river in those days, such as the aging T.J. Potter and the magnificent (and recently rebuilt) Bailey Gatzert. Those larger boats had reached the end of their time, as river travel declined in popularity. Georgiana was considered a "day boat" on which passengers were encouraged to carry their own lunch. Still she was popular with passengers and her fare of one dollar for the Portland to Astoria run was cheaper than the railway. == Operations on Columbia River == Georgiana was considered to be a fast boat, and in 1920, made the 110 mile Portland-Astoria run in five hours and forty-five minutes, with five landings. Her principal competitor in the early 1920s was a similarly designed steam propeller Astorian (ex Nisqually), built in 1911 to serve the Tacoma-Olympia route, and brought around to the Columbia River in 1918. The big paddle-wheelers had all disappeared by then, but the smaller Georgiana and Astorian continued to service the small towns along the Columbia that had no road or rail access, like Cathlamet, Pillar Rock, Eureka, Skamokawa, and Brookfield, often racing each other on the same schedule between Portland and Astoria. In 1921, Astorian broke her shaft at full speed, sustaining serious damage which took her out of service until she was returned to Puget Sound for repair. This left Georgiana and the other Harkins Transportation Company boats (Undine, Lurline, and Madeline (ex Joseph Kellogg) as the only major steamboats on the Columbia River, although Iralda, a lighter steam propeller, was placed on the Astoria run in 1921 to compete with Georgiana. From 1918 to 1932, Georgiana's captain was John L. Starr, who logged over 650,000 miles on board. == Late revival of business == In 1935, Portland businessman Ralph J. Staehli organized a small revival of the steamboat business, buying the old sternwheeler Cascades of the Columbia from Shaver Transportation Company and organizing weekend excursions from Portland up the Columbia to the construction site of the Bonneville Dam. Tickets were $1.00 per person, and the trip was so successful that the next summer, 1936, Staehli was able to buy the old sternwheeler Northwestern which he likewise filled to capacity each weekend. In 1937 Staehli bought Georgiana (Harkins Transportation had gone bankrupt in that year). == Last route and abandonment == When Bonneville Dam was complete, and the tamed river filled into a lake, Staehli took Georgiana off the lower river, renamed her Lake Bonneville, and used her on excursions from Portland to The Dalles on the lake through the new lock at the dam. The Second World War ended the excursion business, and Georgiana ended up abandoned near Post Office Bar on Sauvie Island and her hull sank into the sand. == Legacy == Georgiana was one of the last steamboats on the historic Portland-Astoria run. Her last captain on the run was Arthur Riggs, (1870-1941) whose own life spanned the great days of steamboating on the Columbia and Willamette rivers. Captain Riggs had begun in steamboating in 1887 on the Isabel on the Willamette and Yamhill rivers, and later served on many famous boats throughout the Pacific Northwest, including Multnomah, Telegraph and Telephone. Georgiana had been an interim boat between the flamboyant old paddlewheelers and the modern steel excursion boats, and her trade might have continued had it not been disrupted by World War II.

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Sam Most

Samuel "Sam" Most (December 16, 1930 – June 13, 2013) was an American jazz flautist and tenor saxophonist, based in Los Angeles. He was "probably the first great jazz flutist," according to jazz historian Leonard Feather. == Biography == He was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and began his career in music at the age of 18 with the bands of Tommy Dorsey, Shep Fields, Boyd Raeburn and Don Redman. He also performed many times with his older brother, clarinetist Abe Most. His first recording was at age 23, a single called "Undercurrent Blues". The next year he was awarded Down Beat magazine's "Critic's New Star Award". Between 1953 and 1958 Most led and recorded sessions for the Prestige, Debut, Vanguard and Bethlehem labels. He also did session work for Chris Connor, Paul Quinichette and Teddy Wilson. He was a member of the Buddy Rich band from 1959 to 1961. Most resurfaced in the late 1970s recording six albums on the Xanadu label. One night, after playing at a Las Vegas night club, he was asked by Frank Sinatra to have breakfast with him at the singer's home. After a session, which included Sinatra singing as Most played the piano, Sinatra left the room and came back with a flute case. Most opened it and saw a beautiful, expensively hand carved flute. Sinatra told Most that he had used this flute to practice breath control with and then gave the flute to him as a gift saying, "I know you'd appreciate this Sam - it's yours." Most retained the gift to the end of his life. From 1987 Most, with producer Fernando Gelbard of Liquidjazz.com, recorded four albums, including Solo Flute. He was the guest of and played for the King of Thailand three times. He was the subject of Edmond Goff's documentary film Sam Most, Jazz Flutist (2001). Sam Most died on June 13, 2013 from cancer. He was 82. == Discography == === As sideman === With Paul Quinichette With Clare Fischer With Louis Bellson With Lalo Schifrin *There's a Whole Lalo Schifrin Goin' On (Dot, 1968) *Ins and Outs (Palo Alto, 1982)

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Prefrontal bone

The prefrontal bone is a bone separating the lacrimal and frontal bones in many tetrapod skulls. It first evolved in the sarcopterygian clade Rhipidistia, which includes lungfish and the Tetrapodomorpha. The prefrontal is found in most modern and extinct lungfish, amphibians and reptiles. The prefrontal is lost in early mammaliaforms and so is not present in modern mammals either. == In dinosaurs == The prefrontal bone is a very small bone near the top of the skull, which is lost in many groups of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaurs and is completely absent in their modern descendants, the birds. Conversely, a well developed prefrontal is considered to be a primitive feature in dinosaurs. The prefrontal makes contact with several other bones in the skull. The anterior part of the bone articulates with the nasal bone and the lacrimal bone. The posterior part of the bone articulates with the frontal bone and more rarely the palpebral bone. The prefrontal bone sometimes forms part of the upper margin of the orbit. This bone is part of the skull roof, which is a set of bones that cover the brain, eyes and nostrils.

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Anastasia Chulkova

Anastasia Chulkova (; born 7 March 1985) is a Russian professional racing cyclist.

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Theophano of Athens

Theophano was the Empress consort of Staurakios of the Byzantine Empire. According to the chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, Theophano was a relative of Irene (reigned 797–802). Both women were from Athens but the nature of their relation to each other is not known. == Empress == On 20 December 807, Theophano married Staurakios. The date of their marriage was recorded by Theophanes. Staurakios was the only known son of Nikephoros I. He was co-emperor with his father since 803. Theophano had been betrothed to another man but took place in the imperial bride-show. She was possibly chosen to legitimise the connection of the new dynasty to their predecessor. Her father-in-law is presumed to have been a widower by the time he was elevated to the throne. In the absence of a senior empress, Theophano was the only Empress during his reign. On 26 July 811, Nikephoros was killed while fighting against Krum of Bulgaria at the Battle of Pliska. Much of the Byzantine army was annihilated with him and the battle is considered one of the worst defeats in Byzantine history. Among the few survivors was Staurakios who succeeded as emperor. Staurakios had not escaped the battlefield unharmed. A sword wound near his neck had left him paralyzed. Members of the imperial guard had managed to transfer him to Adrianople but he never fully recovered from his wounds. The matter of Staurakios' succession was deemed urgent and two factions emerged at court. One centered on Theophano, wife of the Emperor, who reportedly sought to succeed her husband. The other centered on his sister Prokopia who intended to place her husband Michael I Rangabe on the throne. Staurakios was apparently about to choose Theophano as his successor. The possibility of a second Empress regnant so soon after Irene seems to have turned the nobility in support of Michael and Prokopia. Other factors were ongoing war with Krum and negotiations with Charlemagne over the legality of his imperial title. Staurakios was threatened to name Michael as his successor and abdicate at the same time. The abdication took place on 2 October 811. Staurakios and Theophano retired to monastic life. Theophanes records that Theophano founded her own monastery. The chronicler names it with the somewhat curious name "Ta Hebraïka". Which is Greek for something belonging to either the Hebrews or the Jews. The year of her death is not known. Constantine VII recorded in the 10th century that Staurakios and Theophano shared a common grave in the monastery of the Holy Trinity in Constantinople.

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Eriogonum incanum

Eriogonum incanum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name frosted buckwheat. It is native to the Sierra Nevada of California and extreme western Nevada. It is also known from Oregon. == Description == This is a dioecious perennial herb which forms mats up to 20 centimeters tall and 30 wide, sometimes quite a bit smaller. It has clusters of woolly, petioled leaves one to two centimeters long which form a gray-green or yellowish layer on the sandy soil or among rocks. The plant bears dense, rounded clusters of flowers, sometimes on erect stalks, which are yellow, red, or both. Male plants produce staminate flowers 2 or 3 millimeters wide and female plants produce slightly larger pistillate flowers.

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Anthony Van Corlaer

Anthony Van Corlaer was a trumpeter for the garrison in New Amsterdam. According to legend, in 1642 Peter Stuyvesant, having learned of an English expedition on its way to seize the colony, ordered Van Corlaer to rouse the villages along the Hudson River with a trumpet call to war. It was a stormy evening when Van Corlaer arrived at the upper end of the island, and as no ferryman was available Van Corlaer vowed to swim across the river "in spite of the devil", but drowned in the attempt. There is also the possibility of Anthony being attacked and eaten by a bull shark. The Spuyten Duyvil, an inlet between Manhattan and The Bronx is named after this incident. The 1838 painting Dance on the Battery in the Presence of Peter Stuyvesant by Asher B. Durand depicts Van Corlaer with his trumpet. Van Corlaer's prior endeavors on behalf of Stuyvesant are mentioned several times in Washington Irving's book A History of New York. Irving also wrote the most popular account of the trumpeter's last deed, ascribing his death to being grabbed by a huge moss bunker.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Aberdeen () is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. == Foundation == The see is the successor of that founded in 1012 at Mortlach by Beyn, which was moved to Aberdeen, by Bishop Nechtan of Aberdeen in April 1132, during the reign of King David I of Scotland. The earliest mention of the see as that of Aberdeen is in the charter of the foundation, by the Earl of Buchan, of the Church of Deer (c. 1152), which is witnessed by Nectan, Bishop of Aberdeen. The first ecclesiastical record of the see is in a papal bull of Pope Adrian IV (1157), confirming to Bishop Edward the churches of Aberdeen and Saint Machar, with the town of Old Aberdeen and other lands. The granite cathedral was built between 1272 and 1277. Bishop Thomas Spence founded a Franciscan house in 1480, and King's College was founded at Old Aberdeen by Bishop Elphinstone, for eight prebendaries, chapter, sacristan, organist, and six choristers, in 1505. The see was transferred to Old Aberdeen about 1125, and continued there until 1577, having had in that time a list of twenty-nine bishops. == Restoration of the Diocese == The Scottish Church officially broke allegiance with the Roman church in 1560, but continued intermittently having bishops until 1689. In 4 March 1878, Pope Leo XIII restored the hierarchy of Scotland by the Bull Ex supremo Apostolatus apice and Vicar-Apostolic John MacDonald was translated to the restored See of Aberdeen as its first bishop. The Bull made Aberdeen one of the four suffragan sees of the Archdiocese of St. Andrews and Edinburgh, and defined as its territory "the counties of Aberdeen, Kincardine, Banff, Elgin or Moray, Nairn, Ross (except Lewis in the Hebrides), Cromarty, Sutherland, Caithness, the Orkney and Shetland Islands, and that portion of Inverness which lies to the north of a straight line drawn from the most northerly point of Loch Luing to the eastern boundary of the said county of Inverness, where the counties of Aberdeen and Banff join." == Early Twentieth Century == In 1906 there were nearly 4,000 Catholics out of a population of 800,000. The clergy consisted of 48 secular priests, 24 regular priests, 57 churches, chapels, and stations; and various schools. There was a Benedictine Abbey at Fort Augustus which had been raised to the rank of an abbey, immediately subject to the Holy See, by a brief of Leo XIII in 12 December 1882. Its building was made possible by the financial backing of Lord Lovat. == Twenty First Century == The current bishop of the diocese is the Right Reverend Hugh Gilbert OSB. In area the diocese is approximately one fifth of the land mass of Scotland. Proportionately it has the smallest Catholic population of any diocese in the United Kingdom. In 2006 the Catholic population of 20,000 out of a total population of 700,000 (2.9%) was served by 44 priests and 12 deacons in 41 parishes. == Past and present ordinaries == The following is a list of the modern Bishops of Aberdeen and its precursor offices: * Alexander John Grant (appointed 16 September 1727 – died 19 September 1727) * Hugh MacDonald (appointed 12 February 1731 – died 12 March 1773) * John MacDonald (succeeded 12 March 1773 – died 9 May 1779) * Alexander MacDonald (appointed 30 September 1779 – died 9 September 1791) * John Chisholm (appointed 8 November 1791 – died 8 July 1814) * Aeneas Chisholm (succeeded 8 July 1814 – died 31 July 1818) * Ranald MacDonald (appointed 27 August 1819 – translated to the Western District 13 February 1827) * James Kyle (appointed 13 February 1827 – died 23 February 1869) * John MacDonald (succeeded 23 February 1869 – became Bishop of Aberdeen 15 March 1878)

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St. Martin Island

St. Martin Island is located off the Garden Peninsula in Delta County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the southernmost island in Michigan that is part of a line of islands at the mouth of the bay of Green Bay and is part of the Niagara Escarpment. == Geography == Gravelly Island, Gull Island, and Little Gull Island are approximately two miles to the north and east across the St. Martin Island Passage. Rock Island in Wisconsin is approximately six miles south-southwest, across the Rock Island Passage. It is from the Door County Peninsula. == History == In 1864 the Peninsula Railroad was completed to connect Escanaba, Michigan to Negaunee iron mines. Escanaba's maritime commerce "exploded as vessels loaded with ore left the growing port headed for the hungry steel mills along the shores of the eastern lakes." The island and the surrounding reefs are a hazard to navigation, and as early as 1891, the United States Lighthouse Board asked Congress for appropriations to build a light there. The request for a lighthouse was necessitated by the existence of a shoal that extends out for a mile each way from the island. It took the U.S. Congress eight years to appropriate the funds. St. Martin Island Light was constructed in 1905. Robert W. Warner of Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin was the first pilot to land on St. Martin Island back in the early 1950s. To this day, no one else has ventured out to the island by air. The Fred Luber family bought roughly 94% of the island (1,244 acres) in the 1980s intending to build a resort. But the remote location made development difficult and the island was left unimproved. The Nature Conservancy bought the island in 2013, intending to donate it to the Green Bay National Wildlife Refuge as it is an important bird stopover point. == Note == "St. Martin Island" may also refer to islands in Mackinac County, Michigan. There is the St. Martin Island at , which along with Little Saint Martin Island at and Big Saint Martin Island at form the St. Martin Islands group in the St. Martin Bay. == Getting there == Boats offer the best view of the St. Martin Island Lighthouse. Excursions that pass by the island are offered during the annual "Door County Lighthouse Walk". Shoreline Charters offers an "Out Island Adventure Cruise" which passes the light.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Glasgow

The Archdiocese of Glasgow () is a diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. Glasgow first became an archbishopric in 1492, eventually securing the dioceses of Galloway, Argyll and the Isles as suffragans. The modern Archdiocese of Glasgow was re-established in 1878 and currently consists of 106 parishes served by 228 priests (2003 figures) covering an area of in the West of Scotland. It includes the city of Glasgow and extends to the town of Cumbernauld in the east, northwards to Bearsden, Bishopbriggs and Milngavie and westwards to Dumbarton, Balloch and Garelochhead. The Catholic population of the diocese is 224,344 (28.8%) out of a total population of 779,490 (2003 figures). Since 1947, the Archdiocese of Glasgow has been a Metropolitan Diocese, containing the two suffragan Dioceses of Motherwell and Paisley. The Archbishop of Glasgow is therefore also the Metropolitan of the Province of Glasgow. Archbishop emeritus Mario Joseph Conti was appointed in 2002 by Pope John Paul II. Upon Conti's resignation in July 2012, having passed the required age of 75, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Philip Tartaglia, the Bishop of Paisley, to succeed him. Tartaglia was installed as archbishop in September 2012. The seat of the archbishop is St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow. == History == Originally established by Saint Kentigern, the diocese of Glasgow became important in the 12th century. It was organized by King David I of Scotland and John, Bishop of Glasgow. The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the Kingdom of Scotland, bringing wealth and status to the town. Somewhere between 1175 and 1178 this position was strengthened even further when Bishop Jocelin obtained for the episcopal settlement the status of burgh from King William the Lion, allowing the settlement to expand with the benefits of trading monopolies and other legal guarantees. Sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives to this day as the Glasgow Fair. Until 1560, when practice of the Roman Catholic Faith was suppressed by act of the Parliament of Scotland nearly all the bishops of Glasgow took an active share in the government of the country, whether as chancellors or treasurers of the kingdom or as members of regency during the minority of a sovereign. Robert Wishart (consecrated 1272, died 1316) was conspicuous for his patriotism during the Scottish War of Independence from England, and was the close friend of William Wallace and Robert Bruce. William Turnbull (consecrated 1447, died 1454) obtained in 1450 from Pope Nicholas V the charter of foundation for the University of Glasgow. On 9 January 1492, Pope Innocent VIII raised the see to metropolitan rank, attaching to it the suffragan dioceses of Argyle, Dunblane, Dunkeld, and Galloway. James Beaton, nephew of the celebrated cardinal of the same surname, was the fourth and last archbishop of the old hierarchy. In 1560, eight years after his nomination, he was forced to retire to France, where he acted as confidential agent of Mary, Queen of Scots, and later openly as ambassador for James VI, until his death in Paris, 25 April 1603. He carried away with him the diocesan records, "Registrum Vetus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Glasguensis", in handwriting of the 12th and 13th centuries, and "Liber Ruber Ecclesiae Glasguensis", with entries from about 1400 to 1476. These, along with other records, were in 1843 printed in a volume for the Maitland Club under the title: "Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis: Munimenta Ecclesiae Metropolitanae Glasguensis a sede restauratâ saeculo ineunte XII ad reformatam religionem". A memorial of those times still remains in the old cathedral of St. Mungo, which was begun by Bishop Jocelyn (consecrated 1175, died 1199) and received its last additions from Archbishop Blackader (consecrated 1484, died 1508). Glasgow did not again become a centre of Roman Catholic life until about the beginning of the 19th century during the process of Catholic Emancipation. The progress of the Industrial Revolution also began to draw to the city and its neighbourhood Roman Catholics from the Scottish Highlands and later, in far greater numbers, from Ireland. The arrival of the Irish necessitated Rev Andrew Scott, the sole Priest in Glasgow to begin the erection of the Catholic Cathedral in Clyde St in 1814 'for his vast Irish flock'. Before 1795 the majority of the Catholics in Glasgow were from the Highlands. Mass had been celebrated from 1776 onwards by Bishop Hay and Bishop Geddes in a clandestine manner, first in High St, and later at the foot of the Saltmarket. In the 1780s a large colony of MacDonalds of Glengarry, on their way to America were forced to seek shelter from inclement weather, stayed on to work in the Glasgow Mills of the Monteith family. A priest from their native area joined them in 1792. In 1794 many of the MacDonalds left the city to join the regiment of Glengarry Fencibles. In 1795 the remainder of this group along with clan members from Glengarry sailed for America. They were accompanied by their pastor, Father Alexander MacDonald. Later, in the nineteenth century Irish Catholics arrived in greater numbers and had an effect on the city of Glasgow. In 1827, the Holy See erected the Vicariate Apostolic of the Western District of Scotland. It was headed by a vicar apostolic, who was a consecrated bishop and who held a titular see. On the resignation of Bishop Gray in 1869, Archbishop Charles Petre Eyre was appointed the Apostolic Administrator of the Western District. On the Restoration of the Scottish hierarchy by Pope Leo XIII, 4 March 1878, the district was divided into the Archdiocese of Glasgow, the Diocese of Argyll and the Isles and the Diocese of Galloway. Archbishop Eyre was appointed the first Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow since the Scottish Reformation. By 1877, a year prior to the institution of the current Roman Catholic archdiocese, Archbishop Charles Eyre could record that in Glasgow city there were nineteen parishes, served by fifty-two priests, and in the county of Dunbarton, five parishes and seven priests. Lanarkshire, which became Motherwell diocese in 1947-48, had seventeen parishes and twenty-two priests, while Renfrewshire, which became Paisley diocese in 1947–48, had eleven parishes and sixteen priests. To train clergy, Archbishop Eyre founded St Peter's College at Partickhill in 1874, and also encouraged the opening at Dowanhill in 1894 of Notre Dame teacher-training college. He was also committed to creating new parishes and breaking up over-large ones which he felt 'were almost dioceses in themselves'. During the episcopate of his successor, Archbishop John Maguire, the Education (Scotland) Act 1918 was passed. Financial difficulties, including the triple burden of salaries, building costs, and rising educational expectations necessitated a settlement. Maguire supported the War effort of 1914–18. In 1917, soldier-students, among them James Black, the future Bishop of Paisley, went to the front from St Peter's College, and two of the military chaplains from the Archdiocese were killed. Although the seminary never closed during the First World War, at one point it housed only a single student and the rector. Archbishop emeritus Mario Joseph Conti was appointed in 2002 by Pope John Paul II, and on Tuesday, 24 July 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Conti's resignation and appointed Philip Tartaglia, the bishop of Paisley, to succeed Conti and be formally installed in September 2012. == Past and present ordinaries == The following is a list of the modern Archbishops of Glasgow and its precursor office: * Ranald MacDonald (appointed 13 February 1827 – died 20 September 1832) * Andrew Scott (succeeded 20 September 1832 – resigned 15 October 1845) * John Murdoch (succeeded 15 October 1845 – died 15 December 1865) * John Gray (succeeded 15 December 1865 – resigned 4 March 1869) * Charles Petre Eyre (appointed Apostolic Administrator 16 April 1869 – elevated Archbishop of Glasgow 15 March 1878) * Charles Petre Eyre (appointed 15 March 1878 – died 27 March 1902) * John Aloysius Maguire (appointed 4 August 1902 – died 14 October 1920) * (Sede vacante, 14 October 1920 – 24 February 1922) * Donald Mackintosh (appointed 24 February 1922 – died 8 December 1943) * Donald Alphonsus Campbell (appointed 6 January 1945 – died 22 July 1963) * James Donald Scanlan (appointed 29 January 1964 – retired 23 April 1974) * Thomas Joseph Winning (appointed 23 April 1974 – died 17 June 2001) * Mario Joseph Conti (installed 22 February 2002 – retired 24 July 2012) * Philip Tartaglia (installed 8 September 2012 – present)

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Olga Slyusareva

Olga Anatolyevna Slyusareva () (born 28 April 1969 in Chervonyi Donets, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian professional racing cyclist. She won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in the points race, bronze medal at the 2000 Olympic Games in the points race, and at the 2004 Olympic Games in the road race.

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Water supply and sanitation in Yemen

This page was last comprehensively updated in March 2014. Water supply and sanitation in Yemen is characterized by many challenges as well as some achievements. A key challenge is severe water scarcity, especially in the Highlands, prompting The Times of London to write "Yemen could become first nation to run out of water". A second key challenge is a high level of poverty, making it difficult to recover the costs of service provision. Access to water supply sanitation is as low as in some sub-Saharan African countries. Yemen is both the poorest country and the most water-scarce country in the Arab world. Third, the capacity of sector institutions to plan, build, operate and maintain infrastructure remains limited. Last but not least the security situation makes it even more difficult to improve or even maintain existing levels of service. Despite these challenges, major achievements were achieved in the sector around the turn of the millennium when wide-ranging reforms were carried out, flanked by substantial donor support. Through the reforms urban service provision was decentralized to commercially run local corporations. The utilities substantially increased tariffs, despite the political sensitivity of the topic in a poor country, and managed to increase cost recovery. Despite these increases water remains affordable with the average share of total monthly household expenditure on water and sewerage at about 1.1% of total expenditures. The average monthly expenditure on the widely used stimulant qat is about eight times the amount paid for the water and sewer bill. Between 1995 and 2008, 2.8 million people in Yemen gained access to an improved water source and 7.5 million to improved sanitation. According to a survey carried out in 2008 in 7 towns, 89% of the customers of water utilities said they were satisfied with the service level of their water utility, and only 9% were dissatisfied. In Sana'a, the collection efficiency of water and sewer bills increased from 60% to 97% during the same period. However, it declined again to 60% in 2011. The main external donors involved in the water and sanitation sector in Yemen are Germany, the World Bank and the Netherlands. == Access == Running water is available in many parts of the country, but most villages remain without it. Women in remote areas typically draw water from the nearest well or from a cistern, sometimes walking up to two hours each way twice a day. They may carry the water in pots on their heads or load them onto donkeys. Statistics on access to water supply and sanitation in Yemen are contradictory. For example, the data from the latest census, carried out in 1997, are very different from data in a Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) carried out in the same year. According to the census, 61% or urban households had access to water connections in their home, while according to the DHS the same figure was 70%. For rural areas the order is reversed. The census gives higher figures for access to house connections (25%) than the DHS (19%). The latest data used by the United Nations are from the 2004 Family and Health Survey and the 2006 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Estimates for 2011 are made based on an extrapolation of trends from previous years. In 2011, the United Nations' Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation estimated that only 55% of the Yemeni population had access to improved water source – including 40% from house connections and 15% from other improved water sources such as standpipes. Only 53% had access to improved sanitation. Access to improved water supply, using a broad definition of access, is estimated to be much higher in urban areas than in rural areas (72% vs. 47%). The urban-rural gap is much higher for improved sanitation (93% vs. 33%). Due to rapid population growth, access to water supply actually declined in relative terms from 66% in 1990 to 55% in 2011 despite a substantial increase in absolute access. However, access to improved sanitation increased from 24% to 53% during the same period, according to the estimates. == Service quality == Service quality for water supply and sanitation has many dimensions. For example, service quality for water supply can be measured through the continuity of supply, which is generally low in Yemen, and customer satisfaction, which is surprisingly high. One indicator for the service quality of sanitation is the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants at removing pollutants, which is often low in Yemen. === Continuity of water supply === Continuity of water supply is poor in most Yemeni cities. For example, in Taiz, the frequency of the public piped water delivery is only once about every 40 days. More and more people have to rely on more costly water provided by private wells supplying water tankers. The quality of this water is questionable because these tankers have often been used for other purposes without appropriate cleaning. According to the Ministry of Water and Environment, 15 of 23 urban water utilities provided water every day for between 12 and 24 hours in 2007. These data do not differentiate between utilities with continuous supply and those with intermittent supply of a “moderate” sort (more than 12 hours daily water supply). The 15 cities thus include Sana’a and Aden that provide intermittent water supply. Four other towns provided water on a daily basis, but less than 12 hours per day. The city of Ibb and the town of Bajil provide water only once a week. And the utilities in Taiz and Mahwit provided water only less than once a week in 2007. However, there are potentially conflicting reports about the continuity of supply. For example, the Ministry reported that water was being provided on a daily basis in Amran in 2007. However, 100% of the respondents to a household survey in the same town in 2008 indicated that they received water only once a week or even once a month. === Customer satisfaction === According to a survey carried out in 2008 in 7 towns 89% of the customers of water utilities said they were satisfied with the service level of their water utility, and only 9% were dissatisfied. Even in the city of Ibb, where water supply is intermittent, 47% of customers declared they were satisfied. In the town of Amran, where the situation was similar, even 74% of customers were satisfied. It may be that customers have become accustomed to poor service quality and have correspondingly lowered their expectations. 77% of households said that they drank tap water. === Wastewater treatment === According to a 2002 report by staff from the Yemeni Environment Protection Agency, there were 10 wastewater treatment plants in Yemen at the time in Sana’a, Taiz, Ibb, Hajaa, Aden, Amran, Al Hodaida, Dammar, Yarem, and Radaa. Most of the plants use the stabilization pond technology, a low-cost technology particularly suitable for a hot climate. Some use Imhoff tanks or the activated sludge procedure commonly used in many developed countries. While data on the quality of treated effluent are limited, those data that are available show that the effluent of at least two plants complies with the relatively lenient national standard of 150 mg/l of Biological oxygen demand, a measure of organic pollution. However, none of the four analyzed plants complied with the standard for fecal coliform, a measure of biological contamination. Reuse of treated and untreated wastewater in agriculture is common in Yemen. Wastewater from hospitals and medical laboratories is discharged into the sewer system, but cannot be adequately treated in the existing municipal wastewater treatment plants. The largest wastewater treatment plant in the country, located in Sana'a, was completed in 2000, but it had to be upgraded between 2003 and 2005 due to "deficiencies in its operation, unacceptable odor emissions, and inadequate management of the generated sludge". == Water resources == With renewable water resources of only 125 cubic meters per capita/year Yemen is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. This level is less than one tenth of the threshold for water stress, which is defined at 1,700 cubic meters per capita/year. Total water demand of 3,400 million cubic metres per year exceeds renewable resources of 2,500 million cubic metres per year, thus leading to a steady decline in groundwater levels, varying between 1 m per year in the Tuban-Abyan area and 6–8 m per year in the Sana’a basin. Today, there are between 45,000 and 70,000 wells in Yemen, the majority of which are under private control. No one can be certain of the exact number, as almost all were drilled without license. Agriculture takes the lion’s share of Yemen’s water resources, sucking up almost 90 percent, and it is estimated that qat production accounts for 37 percent of all water used in irrigation. Furthermore, climate change has apparently led to a reduction in the level of rainfall. For example, in Sana'a the average rainfall has declined by one third from 240mm (average 1932–1968) to 200mm (1969–1982) and 180mm (1983–2000). === Sana'a === Sana'a could be the first capital city in the world to run dry. Even today, many wells have to be drilled to depths of , extremely deep by world standards. The combined output of the 125 wells operated by the state-owned Sana'a Local Corporation for Water Supply and Sanitation barely meets 35 percent of the growing city’s need. The rest is supplied either by small, privately owned networks or by hundreds of mobile tankers. In recent years, as water quality has deteriorated, privately owned kiosks that use reverse osmosis to purify poor-quality groundwater supplies have mushroomed in Sana'a and other towns. Future supply options include pumping desalinated water from the Red Sea over a distance of , over mountains into the capital, itself located at an altitude of . The enormous pumping cost would push the price of water up to $10 per cubic meter. The Minister for Water and the Environment, Abdulrahman al-Eryani, said in 2007: === Other localities === “Along the coast between Al Mukallā and Aden a number of fishing villages are supplied by water within a half mile of the shore. The water levels are a few feet above mean sea level and probably represent wedges of freshwater floating on sea water (Ghyben-Herzberg principle). The freshwater probably originated from the higher ground behind the coastal plains by slow seaward movement, and partly from natural precipitation.” Groundwater near the city of Ibb is polluted by leachate from a landfill. == History and recent events == === Sector reforms (1995–2008) === The water and sanitation sector has undergone important changes between 1995 and 2008, with most significant changes occurring between 2000 and 2003. Decentralization, commercialization and community participation were key principles of these reforms. In 2003 the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) was created, taking over responsibility for water supply and sanitation from the former the Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW). This was seen a sign of political commitment to tackle the challenges Yemen faces in the water sector. In 2005 a National Water Sector Strategy and Investment Program was adopted. One result has been closer cooperation between the Ministries of Water and Agriculture, as well as between donors. Through the process of joint annual reviews these ministries, their agencies and donors evaluate progress. The changes affect urban water supply and sanitation, rural water supply and sanitation, as well as water resources management. ==== Urban water supply and sanitation ==== Until 2000 urban water and sewer services were provided by a national public enterprise called the National Water and Sanitation Authority (NWSA). According to a study of the reform process, before the reform tariffs were set by the national government at levels insufficient to meet operating costs, the revenues were centrally controlled, civil service salaries were too low to motivate staff; local branches were dependent on headquarters for hiring and firing staff; budgets allocated to branches were inadequate; and centralized procedures and management systems were inadequate to run the branches on a more efficient cost recovery basis.” A World Bank-funded study, which would become the blueprint of the reform process, was conducted by John Kalbermatten during 1995–1996. The study recommended that the urban water and sanitation sector should be decentralized, corporatized and commercialized through the creation of local corporations that would take over service provision from the national utility NWSA. In addition, the private sector was to take a major role in service provision and an autonomous regulatory agency was to be created. This became national policy in 1997. A small branch of the national utility NWSA in Rada'a in the Al Bayda' Governorate was selected to be a pilot to test the decentralized, commercial approach. The principles on which the reform were based became thus known as the Rada'a. They are as follows: * The Branch will operate independently of NWSA Head Office while remaining accountable to NWSA on regulatory matters and to the Minister of Electricity and Water on policy issues. *The Branch will be accountable to the community it serves through a Local Advisory Committee which will monitor and review the Branch’s activities. * The Branch will set its own local tariff and billing system, and retain revenues in its own bank accounts, while paying an overhead contribution for regulatory services. * The Branch will appoint its own staff, except for the three main management posts which will be via Ministerial resolution on agreed criteria. * The Branch will apply a staff incentive scheme based on actual performance to supplement staff remuneration according to civil service standards. * The Branch will prepare monthly operational reports and quarterly and annual statements of account * The Branch will have its accounts audited by a private auditor. In 2000 the Local Administration Law No. 4 was passed, providing an impetus to decentralization. The first local corporation was created in the Sana'a region in February 2000, followed by Aden in the same year. Five more local corporations were established in 2001 in Taiz, Hodeida, Ibb, Wadi Hadramaut and Al-Mukalla. Two more (Hajjah and Al-Bayda') were established in 2005, four (Sadah, Abyan, Lahj and Dhamar) in 2006, and 2 further (Amran and Ad Dali') in 2008. As of 2009 more than 95% of urban areas were served by 15 local corporations. In 2003, the newly created Ministry of Water and Environment introduced a Performance Indicators Information System (PIIS) to monitor and evaluate the performance of the urban water and sanitation service providers at the local and national levels. A regulation study was completed in 2006. On its basis a bill was prepared to establish an independent regulatory agency, but it has not been adopted so far. According to the Yemen Observer, “the process of decentralization was not smooth; it faced strong resistance from the central organization. Sustainable political will and endorsement of the local administration law helped to overcome these obstacles”. The autonomy of the local corporations, however, remained limited. Important decisions such as the approval of tariff increases, investment decisions, and the selection of the General Manager of each Local Corporation still required the approval of the central government. Investments are financed by foreign grants channeled through the central government. Furthermore, the Boards of the local corporations often did not play an active role. For example, in Ibb the Board met infrequently, did not discuss the corporation's accounts and was reluctant to even discuss a tariff increase. In 2009 a study recommended to transform local corporations into public companies with clear business plans and more autonomy, but this recommendation was not implemented. ==== Rural water supply and sanitation ==== Concerning rural water supply and sanitation, in a Cabinet Decree (Decree #21 of November 22, 2000) the government ratified a Policy Statement, emphasizing the principles demand-responsiveness, decentralized community-based management and cost recovery. The General Authority for Rural Electricity and Water (GAREW) was responsible for promoting rural water supply and electrification at that time. In 2003 GAREW was also separated along sector lines and the GARWSP created for water supply. ==== Water Resources Management: 2002 Water Law ==== In July 2002 Law No. 33 of 2002 was passed. It deals with water resources management, not with drinking water supply and sanitation. However, it provides a framework to preserve water resources that are essential for the sustainability of water services. An Arabic copy is available on the Yemeni Public Prosecutor’s website, together with a copy of the Environment Law No. 26 of 1995. The context of the water law is described as follows: === National water conservation campaign (2008) === In 2008 NWRA launched a national water conservation campaign in partnership with the German development organisation GTZ and the United Nations Development Programme. The campaign's figurehead was a cartoon character in the shape of a raindrop. His name - Rowyan - means "I've had enough water" in Arabic. === Impact of the crisis since 2009 === Since 2009 the security situation in Yemen began to deteriorate, resulting in heavy fighting in different parts of the country and a change of government in 2011. The fighting has forced many people to flee their homes, such as tens of thousands of people who fled from Abyan to Lahej and who received emergency drinking water supplies from the international community. Urban water supply throughout the country was affected by the interruption of power supply, lack of diesel fuel, insufficient backup generators, and a decline in revenues due to reluctance of consumers to pay their bills. In January 2012 the Minister of Water, Abdulsalam Razaz, said that the Ministry was owed over YR 33 billion (USD 153 million) "by government bodies and people of power” and warned that it was "on the verge of bankruptcy". In addition, strikes caused chaos in the Ministry and its branches. In 2010, the General Rural Water Authority (GRWA) commissioned an assessment of existing rural water coverage. It recommended to focus on rainwater harvesting in Yemen's highlands, and on well drilling in the coastal and desert areas. But the ensuing political chaos prevented implementation of the recommendations. According to international aid organisations, the government of President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi has put little energy towards resolving the water crisis and "water was at the bottom of the list" of its priorities. == Responsibility for water supply and sanitation == === Policy and regulation === The Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE) is in charge of formulating water policies in Yemen. In the field of water supply and sanitation it is supported by a Technical Secretariat (TS) for Water Sector Reform. The government envisages to create an autonomous regulatory agency for the water and sanitation sector. Four agencies report to the Ministry: The National Water Resources Authority (NWRA) for water resources management, the National Water and Sewerage Authority (NWSA) for urban water supply, the General Authority for Rural Water Supply (GARWSP) for rural water supply, and the Environment Protection Agency (EPA). The National Water and Sewerage Authority (NWSA) provides technical assistance, establishes sector standards, organizes and implements training programs and establishes data bases for all local corporations until the establishment of a regulatory agency. In addition, it still provides water and sewer services in some urban areas. The National Water Resources Authority (NWRA) has the mission to manage the nation’s water resources on a sustainable basis, to ensure satisfaction of basic water needs by all but especially by the poor, and to establish a system of water allocation that is fair, yet flexible for meeting varying needs of economically and demographically dynamic sectors. NWRA has branches in Sana’a, Taiz, Sa'dah, Aden, Hadramaut and Hodeida. The General Authority for Rural Water Supply (GARWSP) provides support to water user associations in rural areas. === Service provision === ==== Urban areas ==== As of October 2008, 15 Local Corporations (LCs), 13 autonomous public utilities, as well as 16 local branches of NWSA provide services in urban areas. Local corporations provide services in the largest cities of the country: Aden, Al-Hodeidah, Ibb, Al-Mukalla, Sana'a and Taiz. They also provide services in 9 towns: Abyan, Amran, Al-Bayda', Ad Dali', Dhamar, Hajjah, Lahj, Sadah and Wadi Hadramaut. They thus serve the great majority of the urban population of Yemen. 15 of the 21 governorates of Yemen have a LC and the objective is to have one LC per governorate. Autonomous public utilities are typically affiliated to the local corporation in their governorate. They are cost centers within the LC. For example, the autonmous utility in Bait al-Faqih reports to the local corporation in Hodeidah, and the autonomous utility in Rada'a, where the reform process had been piloted, reports to the local corporation in Al/Bayda'. Two of the 15 autonomous utilities are still affiliated to NWSA. These two utilities—in Ataq, the capital of Shabwah Governorate, and in Al Mahwit—are located in governorates where there is no local corporation yet. They are in an intermediate state before becoming LCs. The Rada’a Principles apply to all autonomous public utilities. The local branches of NWSA include the smaller capital cities of governorates where there is neither a local corporation nor an autonomous utility yet. They include Ma'rib, Al Jawf and Al Mahrah as well as the newly created governorate Raymah. It is estimated that less than 5% of the urban population of Yemen live in the 16 local branches that remain with NWSA. ==== Rural areas ==== Services in rural areas are provided by thousands of community-based water committees. According to a 2000 World Bank report, at that time communities were insufficiently involved in water system design and government and donor-supported schemes usually fell short of developing effective community construction and management mechanisms. Water committees were imposed local institutions, often suffering from internal management conflicts, leading to negligence of operation and maintenance which resulted in frequent break-downs. More than 50 percent of systems were broken down. Systems were often over-designed, and users can not afford paying the full cost of operating the schemes, let alone producing an operating surplus for the purchase of spare parts and major repairs. In addition, political and tribal leaders frequently demanded that the government allocates its resources to particular projects, thereby interrupting—even abandoning—the work of started schemes. According to a 1996 Review, there were several hundreds of incomplete projects at that time. Little was done in the area of hygiene education, safe drinking water storage, and wastewater and excreta disposal. Most of the projects require some "contribution" of the beneficiaries, for example, an up-front down-payment towards investment costs (varying between 5 percent and 30 percent). In 2007 the World Bank reported that a “Demand Responsive Approach (DRA) has been mainstreamed into all sub-sector interventions throughout the country and is used in all governorates”. Furthermore, a rural water strategy has been finalized, agreed upon by all stakeholders and awaited cabinet approval in early 2008. == Efficiency == In 2011 the level of non-revenue water was estimated to be 32% in Sana'a, 33% in Aden, 22% in Taiz and 35% in Mukalla. This is an improvement compared to previous levels. In 2001 non-revenue water was estimated to be around 50 percent. According to the joint annual review of the water and sanitation sector for 2007, average non-revenue water was down to 28%. In Sana'a non-revenue water had declined from about 50% in 1999 to an estimated 38% in 2007. In 2007, among the larger utilities the lowest level was achieved in Ibb with 20% and the highest in Hodeidah with 43%. The authors of the report caution that the data quality may be poor. All utilities suffer from overstaffing, but continue to recruit staff. The number of staff per 1,000 connections was 10 in 2000, while a level of less than five is considered as typical for an efficient utility. In 2007, the number of staff per 1,000 connections varied between 5 and 20. == Financing == === Urban areas === Cost recovery. The accepted norm for cost recovery in urban water supply and sanitation in Yemen is for the tariff to be set such that the operation and maintenance costs are recovered at the least, with the government and donors financing investments. However, in some cases, such as Sana’a, credits by international donors are on-lent to the utility. A few utilities have been able to achieve full cost recovery. One example is the small town Bait al Faqih which has a new system and low losses, indicating a functional and efficient network, and no inherited staff and thus no overstaffing. Collection efficiency, the share of bills actually paid, increased from 60% in 1999 to 97% in 2007. However, in 2011 it declined again to about 60%. Tariff structure. Municipal water tariffs in Yemen are differentiated based on three customer categories: domestic users pay the least, while commercial users as well as government entities pay more. All utilities use increasing-block tariffs, with the lowest block covering a consumption between 5 and 10 cubic meters per month and connection. Tariff adjustments. The government has shown a willingness to raise tariffs, having done so in 1995, 1998, 1999 and 2001. Further increases have been undertaken subsequently by local corporations. From 1995-2001 the monthly bill increased over 350% for a domestic customer consuming 15 m³/month, and the industrial tariff increased over 150 percent per m3. Affordability. The share of the water bill for 5 cubic meter per month and household was between 0.5% and 1.1% of income of poor households for the 11 largest utilities in 2007. The share of the sewer bill was between zero and 0.7%. Water and sewer bills were thus highly affordable. The highest combined share of water and sewer bill was found in Sana'a with 1,6%. The average share of total monthly household expenditure on water and sewerage is about 1.1%, which amounts to about YR 1,363, while the average monthly expenditure on qat is about eight times (YR 10,888) the amount paid for water, according to the household budget survey (2005–2006). === Rural areas === In 2000 the majority of rural water systems used some form of cost-recovery, either based on metered water use, or a flat rate. == External cooperation == The main donors for the water and sanitation sector are the World Bank, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), the German Development Bank KfW, the German Technical Cooperation agency (GTZ) and the Netherlands. Other important donors include Japan, UNDP, DFID and the European Union. All donor activities are coordinated under a Sector-Wide Approach (SWAp). === World Bank === An Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Program Project supported by a US$150 million World Bank credit, approved in August 2002, aims at efficient and sustainable water and sanitation services in major urban areas. Their project has three components. The first rehabilitates and expands the water supply and sanitation infrastructure. The second component supports institutional restructuring and improving managerial capacities of local corporations; and to put in place an appropriate structure for a regulatory body for the urban water and sanitation sector in Yemen. A Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project—with US$20 million approved in December 2000 and additional financing of US$20 million approved in January 2008—aims to expand sustainable rural water supply and sanitation service coverage to mostly poor rural dwellers in ten governorates. Until 2007, 140 water sub-projects serving a population of 320,000 were completed. In addition, three consecutive Social Fund for Development Projects financed partly by the World Bank allocated an estimated 15% for rural water supply and sanitation. === Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development === The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD), a regional Arab funding institution, has financed several water and sanitation projects in Yemen. Examples are: the construction of the Sanaa' wastewater treatment plant (with a soft loan of around $30 million); the construction of wastewater networks in Sanaa' (first and second phase)(with two soft loans of around $100 million); the expansion of the Sanaa' wastewater treatment plant; the improvement of water and sanitation facilities in Aden (with a soft loan of around US$35 million); the construction of wastewater facilities in Seiyun and Tareem (with a soft loan of around US$50 million); and the Sanaa' Flood protection project (with a soft loan of around US$25 million). In November 2012, Arab Fund signed an agreement to finance the fourth phase of Sanaa' wastewater networks with a soft loan of about US$54 million. The construction will be completed before the end of 2015. In addition, AFESD provided several grants for the water and sanitation sector in Yemen. === Germany === Germany has played an important role in the implementation of urban water and sanitation reforms in Yemen since the mid-1990s, including through the support provided by GTZ to the technical secretariat in the Ministry in charge of the sector. GTZ supports the water and sanitation sector through a €23 million program for the Institutional Development of the Water Sector from 1994 to 2009. The program supports the decentralization reforms, strengthens local corporations, and establishes water basin committees and water resources management plans through training provided by NWSA and NWRA. On behalf of the German government KfW development bank provides financing for water and sanitation investments in the city of Aden as well as in the towns of Al Shehr/Al Hami in Mukallah governorate, Mokha, Yarim, Amran, Sa'dah, Zabid, Bajil, Mansouria and Beit al-Faqih, the latter four being located in the Al Hudaydah Governorate. An evaluation of an earlier project for the renewal and expansion of drinking water supply systems in eight provincial towns in Yemen (Bajil, Bait al Faqih, Al Mansouria, Zabid, Mokha, Amran, Yarim und Hajjah), and sanitation measures in three towns (Hajjah, Amran and Yarim) showed that the project largely achieved its objectives related to water supply. The quality of the construction work was rated as high and the collection of bills was considered to be "efficient". However, in Yarim the objective was not achieved due to water shortages. Only "modest improvements" were achieved regarding waste water disposal. Another project to reduce water losses in Taiz and Mukalla was considered a partial failure: On the positive side, the evaluation showed that losses in the rehabilitated areas were reduced significantly. In Mukalla, where 40% of the network was rehabilitated, they were reduced from 22% to 8%. In Taiz, where only 12% of the network was rehabilitated, they fell from 45% to 6%. However, overall losses in the cities remained high at 30% in Mukalla and 47% in Taiz, because only parts of the network were rehabilitated. The cost of the measures was higher than expected due to the poorer than expected state of the network. KfW is now in the process of applying robust, quantitative-based evaluation methods to more accurately assess the health impact of the interventions it supported in Yemeni towns based. This will be done through surveys including both beneficiaries and a control group. === Netherlands === The Netherlands have a long development assistance history in the Water Sector of Yemen (since 1978). Considerable amounts of funds have been used for urban and rural infrastructure projects in water and sanitation, irrigation, water resources assessment and management, but also for capacity development and organisational and institutional strengthening as well as Water Sector Reform. Until the late nineties the assistance mainly consisted of projects, the slowly shifting to a program approach. Between 2006 and 2009, around €5 million per year is available for the water sector. Rural Water Supply and Water Resources Management will continue to be the main areas to which funds will be made available. In February 2006 the Netherlands Minister for Development Cooperation at the time, during her visit to Yemen, signed a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) declaration between three partners: 1) the Ta’iz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation; 2) Vitens N.V. the largest drinking water supply company in the Netherlands; and 3) the Netherlands Ministry for Development Cooperation. The PPP will implement a three-year utility support program to improve the management and service delivery of the Ta’iz corporation. The PPP implementation costs a total amount of €1.5 million. === Japan === Japan International Cooperation Agency focuses its cooperation on rural water supply, building and rehabilitating water supply facilities in 20 remote villages in five governorates, including Sana'a, Ibb and Taiz.

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Kanila Shree Bhagavathi Temple

__NOTOC__ == The Temple == Kanila Shree Bhagavathi Temple (Also known as Kanila Shree Bhagavithi Kshetra) is a Hindu Temple of Devi Baghavathi, located on the west side of National Highway 17, approximately 1 kilometre north of Hosangadi Junction of Manjeshwaram of Kerala state in India. == Kanila Shree Bhagavathi Kalabhavana == Kanila Shree Bhagavathi Kalabhavana (Kalabhavana in kannada language means Hall for Arts & Cultural activities) is located on the north side of the temple. This hall is administered by the Shree Kanila Bhagavathi Temple committee. This hall is available on request for promoting arts & cultural activities, wedding events/receptions, and other committee approved meeting or party events. == Kanila Shree Bhagavathi English Medium School == Kanila Shree Bhagavathi English medium School is a private school located on the south side of the temple. This school is serving good quality educations.

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Lauren Tamayo

Lauren Tamayo (formerly Lauren Franges, born October 26, 1983 in Barto) is an American professional racing cyclist.

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ShinMaywa US-2

The ShinMaywa (formerly Shin Meiwa) US-2 is a Japanese large STOL amphibious aircraft designed for air-sea rescue (SAR) work. The US-2 is scheduled to replace the older ShinMaywa US-1 == Design and development == The aircraft is currently operated by the 31st Fleet Air Wing (71st Air Force, 71st Flight Squadron) at Iwakuni air base and Atsugi air base. The Indian Navy is prepared to buy between 15 and 18 US-2 Amphibious Search and Rescue (SAR) aircraft at cost of $1.65 billion. It is expected that these amphibious aircraft will be stationed in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. == Specifications (US-2) ==

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Eriogonum intrafractum

Eriogonum intrafractum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common names jointed buckwheat and napkinring. This plant is endemic to Inyo County, California, where it is known only from the mountain ranges surrounding Death Valley. It is an uncommon, distinctive perennial herb which grows in scattered patches on rocky limestone soils in these desert mountains. == Description == It forms a basal clump of woolly leaves up to seven centimeters long and bolts an erect, naked stem. The brown to reddish or tan stem branches very little or not at all. It is brittle and breaks into hollow, thin segments which are said to resemble napkin rings, hence its common name, the napkinring buckwheat. Clusters of flowers appear at nodes along this stem, which is actually part of the inflorescence. The clusters are densely packed with tiny yellow or red flowers.

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Long Sutton and Pitney railway station

Long Sutton and Pitney railway station was a minor railway station situated in the hamlet of Upton, Somerset, about one mile equidistant from the two larger villages the station was named after. The station was on the Langport and Castle Cary Railway of the Great Western Railway, and was situated around a mile west from Somerton Tunnel. While it closed in 1962, the line itself is still in use as part of the Reading to Taunton line. == Services ==

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Charlton Mackrell railway station

Charlton Mackrell railway station was a minor railway station serving the village of Charlton Mackrell in Somerset, England. The station was on the Langport and Castle Cary Railway of the Great Western Railway, and was a temporary terminus station for the railway (serving trains from Castle Cary) before it was finished in 1906. The station master's house is still in use as private property. Though the station closed along with the rest of the stops between Castle Cary and Cogload Junction, in 1962, the line itself is still in use as part of the Reading to Taunton line. == Services ==

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Keinton Mandeville railway station

Keinton Mandeville railway station was a small railway station situated on the Great Western Railway's Langport and Castle Cary Railway. It served the medium-sized village of Keinton Mandeville in the South Somerset district of Somerset, England. The station opened on 1 July 1905, at the same time as Castle Cary and Charlton Mackrell. This was because the three stations were used collectively as a temporary before the railway opened officially as a whole the following year. Before its closure in 1962, the station had two platforms and there was a station building, as well as a small goods yard, behind the east platform. No sign of the station now remains; however the line itself is still in use as part of the Reading to Taunton Line. == Services ==

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Varekilsnäs

Varekilsnäs is a community located on the island of Orust in Bohuslän, on the Swedish west coast. It is the first village you meet when you enter Orust on road 160 from Tjörn. Varekilsnäs has records from 14'th century, but is today more known for its scenic location and beautiful views over the archipelago.

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USS Henry R. Kenyon (DE-683)

USS Henry R. Kenyon (DE-683) was a Buckley-class destroyer escort of the United States Navy in World War II. The ship was named in honor of Ensign Henry R. Kenyon, Jr. (1916–1942), a naval aviator in squadron VT-8, who was killed in action in the Battle of Midway. Henry R. Kenyon was launched by Bethlehem Steel Co.'s Fore River Shipyard, Quincy, Massachusetts, on 30 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Verna Markham Kenyon, widow; and commissioned on 30 November 1943, Commander C. M. Lyons, Jr., in command. After her shakedown cruise off Bermuda, Henry R. Kenyon returned to Boston. She was underway on 26 January 1944 on a tour of convoy escort duty in the Caribbean, a fertile field for German submarines. Returning to Boston again on 6 June, the ship underwent training in Casco Bay, Maine, and had her torpedo tubes replaced by additional antiaircraft guns. Assigned to an Atlantic escort group, she made five transatlantic voyages between 4 July 1944 and 30 August 1945, providing antisubmarine and antiaircraft protection in the Atlantic and eastern Mediterranean. With the Battle of the Atlantic won, the destroyer escort proceeded on 15 May from Norfolk, Virginia through the Panama Canal and into the western Pacific theater. Arriving off Leyte on 7 July, she spent the remainder of the war escorting ships in the Philippines and to New Guinea and Okinawa. After the surrender of Japan in August, Henry R. Kenyon continued to operate in the Philippines and off the coast of Japan until departing Manila for the United States on 26 November. Arriving at San Diego, California on 17 December, she remained in that port except for periodic training cruises until decommissioning on 3 February 1947. She joined the Pacific Reserve Fleet and berthed at Mare Island, Calif., later to be moved to Stockton, Calif. — still a part of the nation's "Reserve Sea Power". Henry R. Kenyon was stricken from the Navy Register on 1 December 1969. The ship was sold on 22 October 1970.

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Marc Pincherle

Marc Pincherle was born in Constantine on June 13, 1888 and died in Paris on June 20, 1974. A French musicologist, music critic and violinist, he was the pupil of Louis Laloy, André Pirro and Romain Rolland, among others. From 1913 on, when the life and works of Antonio Vivaldi became the subject of his doctoral thesis, he was instrumental in the rediscovery of a number of baroque composers. His biography of Vivaldi, published after World War II, was the basis for all further research regarding the composer and is still considered an influential and significant work to this day. Pincherle was one of the founding members of the Académie Charles-Cros. == Works == * Vivaldi : Génie du baroque (1948; English translation by Christopher Hatch, 1957) * Jean-Marie Leclair l’aîné (La Colombe, Paris, 1952) * Corelli et son temps (Éditions Le Bon Plaisir, Paris, 1954) * Le Monde des virtuoses (Flammarion, 1961) * Le Violon (Presses universitaires, 1966) * Tartiniana (CEDAM, Padua, 1972)

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Hanley Wood

Hanley Wood LLC is a real estate media firm focused on commercial and residential construction in North America. It is one of the ten largest business-to-business media companies in the United States. It is based in Washington, D.C. == History == The company was founded by Michael M. Wood and Michael J. Hanley in 1976. Wood stepped down as CEO in 2005 after the company was sold to JPMorgan Partners (now CCMP Capital). Wood remained as a member of the Board of Directors, which also includes Jonathan Miller. == Hanley Wood Business Media == This division covers over 30 magazines with associated websites and conferences, including Architect, the official magazine of the American Institute of Architects, as well Pool & Spa News, Builder, Pro Sales, Tools of the Trade, Residential Architect, Multifamily Executive among others. == Hanley Wood Market Intelligence == Hanley Wood Market Intelligence is a research firm that provides information for residential real estate and new home construction. The business Hanley Wood Market Intelligence was founded by Jeff Meyers and was known as "Meyers Group" before its acquisition by Hanley Wood, LLC in June 2004.

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S.R. 819

"S.R. 819" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on January 17, 1999 in the United States. The episode was written by John Shiban, and directed by Daniel Sackheim. The episode helps to explore the series' overarching mythology. "S.R. 819" earned a Nielsen household rating of 9.1, being watched by 15.7 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mixed to positive reviews from critics. The show centers on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In the episode, Mulder and Scully have 24 hours to save Assistant Director Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) from a biologically engineered disease. In order to combat the disease, Scully looks for a medical answer, while Mulder searches for the culprits behind the attack on Skinner's life. To aid him in this task, Mulder reaches out to Senator Matheson, whom he hopes can help him find who is responsible before time runs out. Before the writing of "S.R. 819", the writers for The X-Files felt that the character of Walter Skinner was becoming too "expendable". John Shiban, the writer of the episode, decided to re-work Skinner back into the series' mythology by crafting the episode around him. Mitch Pileggi had to endure long bouts of make-up application, a process that he admitted he "hated". The nanobots in the blood sample were designed on a computer and then rendered for the final footage. == Plot == The episode opens with Assistant Director Walter Skinner (Mitch Pileggi) unwell and horribly discolored in hospital. His veins are a sickly purple hue and are pulsating ominously. Suddenly, he goes into cardiac arrest and the doctors begin to pronounce him dead. Twenty-four hours earlier, Skinner loses a boxing match after experiencing a dizzy spell. He is discharged from the hospital but Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) witness a bruise on his ribs growing. After trawling through security footage from the entrance to the J. Edgar Hoover Building, Mulder and Scully recognize a physicist by the name of Dr. Kenneth Orgel, who advises the Senate subcommittee on ethics and new technology, who stopped Skinner in the hall that same morning. Mulder and Skinner travel to the physicist's house but find he is being held hostage. Mulder apprehends one of the kidnappers, who does not speak English. They release him since he has papers showing diplomatic immunity. Mulder does a background check on him anyway. The background check leads Mulder to Senator Richard Matheson (Raymond J. Barry), which results in a dead end. Scully discovers Skinner's blood sample and, after checking, she finds that Skinner's blood contains multiplying carbon. Meanwhile, Skinner ends up in hospital following a gunfight in the FBI parking garage. Mulder and Scully reunite at the hospital, where Mulder tells Scully that Skinner was investigating a health funding bill called S.R. 819. Later, the physicist dies from the same carbon blood condition that Skinner is sick from. Skinner remembers having seen, on numerous occasions, a bearded man who showed up suspiciously and who is actually running the scheme. He saves Skinner and sacrifices one of his own men. The case is closed and Skinner is, once again, aggravated with the agents, ordering them to report exclusively to Assistant Director Alvin Kersh (James Pickens, Jr.). The bearded man was actually Alex Krycek (Nicholas Lea), a rogue FBI agent who formerly worked for the Syndicate, who continues to control the potentially debilitating nanotechnology in Skinner's system. == Production == === Writing === The character of Walter Skinner had evolved over the course of The X-Files' sixth season. At the start of season six, however, the producers and writers felt that Skinner's character was becoming "expendable". With their transfer away from the X-Files division, Mulder and Scully saw less and less of their former boss. Originally, John Shiban, the writer of the episode, wanted to infect Mulder with nanobots. However, he decided that since the audience knew Mulder would not be killed, this plot would not be very effective. In order to compensate for this loss, Shiban decided to re-work Skinner back into the series mythology by putting him in Mulder's place. Shiban, inspired by the 1950 noir film D.O.A. and its 1988 remake which he jokingly called "[two] pretty bad movies", decided to craft an episode of The X-Files around the conceit of "a guy who's been poisoned [and] has only a short time to live and has to use that time to find out why and by whom he's being murdered". Shiban began crafting his story by borrowing a nanobot plot that had been considered by various writers for several seasons. Shiban and the rest of the writers made it a point to give Alex Krycek control over Skinner. In this manner, Skinner once again became a mysterious character, one whose true loyalties were being tested. Shiban noted that, "[Krycek's control] gives Skinner an agenda that Mulder doesn't know about [...] Which was something we ultimately used again the seasonender , and will carry us into next year". === Filming and effects === Originally, a "time-consuming" fight scene between Skinner and Krycek was supposed to take place. The scenes were cut because of time-constraints and budgetary reasons. However, Skinner's boxing match proved easy to stage. Mitch Pileggi, who had boxed competitively in college, went for "refresher course[s]" at the Goosen Gym in Los Angeles. He later remarked, "It makes me happy that some people will assume there was a stunt double in the ring. There wasn't! [...] We both had a pretty good time". Location manager Ilt Jones called "S.R. 819" the "damn parking lot episode". He was tasked with finding the variety of parking lots used in the episode. He later joked that, "I started to wake up screaming about barriers and parking tickets and entrances and exit ramps". Pileggi had to endure long bouts of make-up application. To create the principal illusion of monstrous veins, long black faux-veins were glued onto his face, arms, and torso. Pileggi, who had had to endure little to no make-up during the early seasons, noted that, "They did a beautiful job and [the veins] looked awesome, but man, I hated it! I really don't know how those guys on Star Trek or Babylon 5 can stand having that done to them every day. I just wouldn't work if that's what it took". To show the nanobot infection progressing, special effects makeup supervisor John Vulich used two different make-up sets. The two sets were then mixed together electronically in post-production to give the effect of disease progression. The nanobots in the blood sample were designed on a computer and then cloned with an animation program. Composer Mark Snow's score for the episode was inspired by Daniel Sackheim's "big-time feature-like action". == Broadcast and reception == "S.R. 819" first aired in the United States on January 17, 1999. This episode earned a Nielsen rating of 9.1, meaning that roughly 9.1 percent of all television-equipped households were tuned in to the episode. It was viewed by 15.7 million viewers. The episode aired in the United Kingdom and Ireland on Sky1 on May 2, 1999 and received 690 thousand viewers, making it the second most watched episode that week. Fox promoted the episode with the tagline "He has 24 hours to solve his own murder... or die." The episode was nominated for three 2000 Emmy Awards by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (Dramatic Underscore). The episode was later included on The X-Files Mythology, Volume 3 – Colonization, a DVD collection that contains episodes involved with the alien Colonist's plans to take over the earth. The episode was met with mixed to positive reviews from critics. Tom Kessenich, in his book Examination: An Unauthorized Look at Seasons 6–9 of the X-Files wrote positively of the episode, saying, "'S.R. 819' re-established some wonderful conspiracy overtones and perhaps set the stage for more interesting developments in the future. It touched base with the very roots The X-Files sprung out of and did so in strong fashion." Todd VanDerWerff of The A.V Club gave the episode a moderately positive review and awarded it a "B". He enjoyed the plot, calling it "fun", praised the twist ending, and called the nanobot makeup effects "legitimately terrifying". He did, however, write critically of Skinner's role in the episode, noting that his lack of presence made the entry a "disappointing one". In addition, VanDerWerff criticized the fact that the teaser shows Skinner dying; he wrote that "[t]here’s very little gas in the idea of Skinner dying" and that most of the viewers knew he would not die. John Keegan from Critical Myth gave the episode an 8/10 rating and wrote, "Overall, this episode is something of a return to form, bringing some much needed conspiracy and mythology elements to the sixth season. This is also arguably the best Skinner-centric episode of the series, and had the writers followed through, it could have been the source of his redemption. Even so, this was one of the highlights of the sixth season". Paula Vitaris from Cinefantastique gave the episode a mixed review and awarded it two stars out of four. Vitaris cited severe problems with "Skinner's emotional journey" as the main detractors for the episode. Robert Shearman and Lars Pearson, on the other hand, awarded the episode two out of five stars in their book Wanting to Believe: A Critical Guide to The X-Files, Millennium & The Lone Gunmen. The two, despite writing positively of the "traditional X-File" feel, called the episode "a return to the sort of murky storylining which promises so much but delivers so little". In the episode "Health Care", the third episode of the first season of the american show The Office, Dwight suspects that someone in the office falsely claims to be infected with a "government created killer nano-robot infection". Blogcritics reviewer Paul Thomas later hypothesized that this was a veiled reference to "S.R. 819".

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Friends International Support Group

Friends International Support Group (aka Friends) is an internet forum using the phpBB message board software, in which members support each other while living with chronic pain. Friends international is a support group based on the pillars of self help with more than 2 million visits, around 200,000 posts since its founding in 2001 and average 800 new posts a week. The board is connecting disabled people around the world, that otherwise would have lived an isolated life. Together they have raised awareness for chronic pain and especially sitting disability that used to be an unrecognized disability. == History == Friends International was created April 18, 2001 by Mosken Bergh in Norway and Linda Jones. It was a volunteer joint effort between an American and a Norwegian, two women that met in Cyberspace while both lived with disabling chronic pain. The board is now run by three Norwegian women together with American and Norwegian moderators. It is most likely the only online support group for people with chronic pain that is based on both the English and the Norwegian language. The members are from all over the world. It is a typical international volunteer project that would not be possible if it wasn't for the Internet. On April 10, 2007, Friends International officially moved from ezBoard to Yuku and in March 2012 the forum started using phpBB software. On May 19, 2008, Friends International Support Group was registered as a volunteer organization in the Norwegian register called Brønnøysundregisteret, with the identity number: 992 598 271. == Internet tools for disabled == Common discussion topics include medical information, coping strategies and personal experience related to chronic pain and similar illness and individual support for people in their daily struggle. People living with disabling chronic pain often feel overwhelmed, isolated and discouraged. Many of the members suffer from reduced ability to sit, also called Sitting disability. Some suffer from both reduced mobility and sitting disability. People with sitting disability are recognized as being one of the most isolated groups of people in the world. Many of them are bedridden because they have to lay down most of the day. Friends international is an online forum connecting people that otherwise would have been isolated in their home. To be able to connect the members are using the Internet tools which includes using headsets and speech recognition software instead of keyboard and computer mouse. Some of them need to have the computer in a special stand over their bed. Others have their computer connected to a large TV screen on the wall. Together they are working on improving the quality of their life and to raise awareness for especially sitting disability in several languages around the world. The owner of the board is running the group by using speech recognition software from her bed. == The pillars of self-help == The support group is based on the "Pillars of self-help": • Self-help builds on the participant's own innate resources. • Everybody participates at their own risk. • The group is based on give-and-take, equal worth, and tolerance. • The group is based on active participation, not on the role of a passive recipient. Self-help groups are usually organized and managed by its members, usually volunteers and not professionals. Friends international is also run by volunteers and not professionals. It is however organized and moderated by experienced administrators with a declared corrective moderation policy. The moderators are using a staff room combined with instant communication tools to discuss any problems or questions concerning the group. Humor and positive thinking has become an important part of the group's philosophy and attitude. New members are encouraged to educate themselves about their own disease and to take charge in their own life. The message board is divided in an English speaking part and a Norwegian speaking part. Both parts are divided into one smalltalk section and a coping and illness section. == Media Recognition == The international online support project created by Mosken Bergh and Linda Jones, has been mentioned by CNN TV and the CNN website and NRK at the Norwegian national TV Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Also read the article about Mosken Bergh and Linda Jones and their online project in the newspaper Tønsberg Blad: Nettfeber, read about the newspaper Tønsberg Blad. Read the article in the Norwegian National Centre for Documentation on Disability: Norwegian article and the article in the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang; Norwegian article in VG, where the support group is mentioned as a volunteer organization.

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Orkus Presents the Best of 2000

Orkus Presents the best of 2000 is a German 2-CD compilation album released in 2000, through EFA records Germany and is the follow-up to Orkus Presents the best of 1999. The album is a mixture of Heavy Metal, Electronic and Rock music. == Track listing ==

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Diocese of Dunkeld (disambiguation)

The Diocese of Dunkeld can refer to: *Diocese of Dunkeld one of the 13 historical dioceses of the Scottish church *Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, modern Roman Catholic diocese resurrected in the late 19th century upon the model of the old diocese, but based at Dundee *Diocese of Saint Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane, Scottish episcopal created in the 18th century on the model of three earlier dioceses combined, and based at Perth

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Adam Nable

Adam Nable (born 4 September 1975) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer of the 1990s and 2000s. He played for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Wakefield Trinity, Balmain Tigers, Wests Tigers, and North Queensland Cowboys. He later played for the New York Knights in the AMNRL, and was vice-captain there. He is the brother of player-turned-filmmaker Matt Nable.

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Matongo Primary School

Matongo Primary School is a public school in the township of Senga, Zimbabwe. The school educates pupils from ecd,first grade to seventh grade. The school day starts at 7:30am and finishes at 1:15pm every weekday. Every Monday and Friday the students have an assembly. == Curriculum == Matongo Primary School is a public primary school located in the high density residential area of Gweru in.It has had marvelous results over the years.In 2011 the passrate was 86% with providence mushore 4 -units.In 2012 it had 88% with Nalan Hove-4units.It has become the leading school academically in Senga,Gweru. === Uniforms === In summer, girls wear a green dress and boys wear khaki shorts and shirts. Prefecents (SRC) wear green skirts with white tops and khaki shorts, white shirt with a green tie. In winter, boys wear green pants with their usual shirts and green jacket and girls wear green pants with a dress and a jacket in winter. == Sports == Pupils at Matongo Primary School compete with other schools in sports, such as NETBALL,SOCCER,VOLLEYBALL,HANDBALL,BASKETBALL AND ATHLETICS. Every year the students have an athletic carnival and organize into three houses: Tsetsebe, which wears GREEN shirts; Chettah, which wears RED shirts; and Chipembere. which wears YELLOW shirts.

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List of cities in South Korea by population

This article lists the cities of South Korea by population. == List of cities == Sejong City is not included as it was created in 2012. Its population in February 2013 was 117,594. Source: The result of 2010 Population and Housing Census of Korea, Statistics Korea

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