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Peñarroya

Peñarroya is the name of several places: * Peñarroya de Tastavins, a town in Aragón, Spain * Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo, a town in Andalusia, Spain **Peñarroya CF, a Peñarroya-Pueblonuevo football team * Peñarroya (peak), a 2,019 m high mountain peak in the Sistema Ibérico

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Hidden Valley (Ski Estes Park)

Hidden Valley, also known as Ski Estes Park, was a ski area near Estes Park, Colorado. It became owned by the National Park Service, which eventually closed it in 1991. Hidden Valley (or Ski Estes Park) was a local ski area attraction from 1955 - 1991, off of Trail Ridge Road, now in defunct status. The National Park Service seemed reluctant about opening it at all, and seemed to have succumbed to local pressure. NPS landscape architect Harold G. Fowler happened to be involved in assessing its feasibility.

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Friedrich Erismann

Friedrich Huldreich Erismann, or Fyodor Fyodorovich Erismann (14 November 1842 - 13 November 1915) was a Swiss ophthalmologist and hygienist born in Gontenschwil, canton of Aargau. == Biography == In 1867, Erismann earned his medical doctorate at the University of Zurich, subsequently furthering his studies in ophthalmology in Heidelberg, Vienna and Berlin. In 1867 he married Nadezhda Suslova, and two years later relocated to St. Petersburg as an ophthalmologist. His interests soon turned to issues such as public health and conditions of the poor. In the early 1870s he studied hygiene and physiology in Munich, where his instructors were Max von Pettenkofer (1818-1901) and Carl von Voit (1831-1908). Following participation in Russo-Turkish War, he moved to Moscow, where from 1881 he served as a lecturer at the university. In 1884 he was appointed professor of hygiene and director at the institute of hygiene. Erismann was a pioneer of scientific hygiene in Russia, and sought to improve water quality and food standards in St. Petersburg and Moscow. At the University of Moscow, one of his students was playwright Anton Chekhov. In 1896 Erismann was dismissed from his position at Moscow for political reasons, as he expressed support of student revolutionaries and denounced the living conditions of the Russian people. Afterwards, he returned to Switzerland and became involved with political and health issues in Zurich. He published in German and Russian. Among his numerous writings was Gesundheitslehre für Gebildete aller Stände (Health education for the educated of all classes), a book that was published in several editions.

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Rabies (disambiguation)

Rabies or hydrophobia, is a disease characterized by the inflammation of the brain. Rabies may also refer to: * Rabies virus, the type species of the Lyssavirus viral genus * Rabies (Skinny Puppy album) (1989) * Rabies (Ruoska album) (2008) * Rabies (1958 film), a film by Ingmar Bergman * Rabies (2010 film), an Israeli film by Aharon Keshales and Navot Papushado * Rabies (novel), a 1983 novel by Borislav Pekić

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Miami Seaplane Base

Miami Seaplane Base is a public-use seaplane base located east of the central business district of Miami on Watson Island in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The seaplane base is publicly owned. == History == In 1926, Chalk's International Airlines built an air terminal on a landfill island, Watson Island, where it has continued to operate for 75 years. Its scheduled and other flights by flying boats and amphibian aircraft served many points in the Bahamas and other nearby destinations. Chalk's moved its main base to Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport after the attacks of September 11, 2001, because of security concerns around the Port of Miami-Dade and increased helicopter traffic around Watson Island.

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Jiřina Bohdalová

Jiřina Bohdalová (born 3 May 1931 in Prague, Czechoslovakia, now the Czech Republic) is a Czech actress. She began acting in theatre and film at an early age. She was accepted to The Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (DAMU) at her third attempt. She received an offer from Jan Werich to join the actor's troupe at “Divadlo ABC” theatre which she kindly accepted. Later on, she performed in many other “City Theatres of Prague” (Městská divadla pražská). From 1967 to present days she is in a permanent engagement at the “Vinohrady Theatre”. Bohdalová has done extensive work as a voice actress, especially, TV characters in various bed time stories, including “The Fairy-tales from Moss and Fern” (Pohádky z mechu a kapradí, 1968), “The Little Reedman” (Rákosníček, 1976), “The Little Witch” (Malá čarodějnice, 1983), “About the Pixie Racochejl” (O skřítku Racochejlovi, 1997), etc. She has made numerous appearances in different fairy-tales, short stories, TV films, serials, plays and many programmes of her own. She has won two Czech Lion awards for her roles in Nesmrtelná teta and Fany. She is the mother of actress Simona Stašová. The StB attempted to blackmail Bohdalová into becoming an informant, but she resisted this effort. After the publication of a register of StB collaborators which included her name she successfully had the error of her inclusion rectified.

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List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Germany

The Roman Catholic Church in Germany comprises 7 ecclesiastical provinces each headed by an archbishop. The provinces are in turn subdivided into 20 dioceses and 7 archdioceses each headed by a bishop or an archbishop. == List of Dioceses == === Episcopal Conference of Germany === ==== Ecclesiastical province of Freiburg im Breisgau ==== Alternative name: Upper Rhenish Ecclesiastical Province ==== Ecclesiastical province of Hamburg ==== Alternative Name: Northern German Ecclesiastical Province ==== Ecclesiastical province of Paderborn ==== Alternative name: Central German Ecclesiastical Province == Gallery of Archdioceses ==

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Contracts House

The Contracts House () is a trade building in the Podil neighborhood of Kiev (Kyiv), the capital of Ukraine. The Contracts House received its name because the city's contracts were signed there. It is located on the Kontraktova Square, once one of the Podil's main trading centers. The building is considered as one of the important Classical architecture constructions of the city. == History == After a large fire destroyed part of the Podil in 1811, the first Contracts House in the neighborhood burnt down. A new replacement building was constructed in 1815-1817 in the Classical style according to a plan made by English architect V. Geste, supervised by architect Andrey Melensky. The Contracts House was envisioned as part of an ensemble, which would include the post office, the magistrate's quarters, and the building itself. However, only the Contracts House was constructed. The front and western façades of the building features Doric order columns, and the eastern—Ionic order columns located on a portico. The front façade is topped off with a triangular pediment. The building has a total of two floors, with the second floor used as a concert hall, containing a row of colonnades. All rooms in the building were done without any special decoration, with the exception of rooms on the upper floor, which were decorated on the order of Melensky. Since the time of its construction, the interior plan of the building has changed. Although built as a contracts house, the building was not entirely used for this purpose; it was sometimes used as a concert hall. Famous personalities visited or used the Contracts House: writers Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Honoré de Balzac, poets Taras Shevchenko, Adam Mickiewicz, and Denis Davydov.

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Amortem

Amortem is Finnish industrial metal band Ruoska's fourth album, and was released on June 14 2006. == Personnel == *Patrik Mennander – vocals *Anssi Auvinen – guitar *Kai Ahvenranta – guitar *Mika Kamppi – bass *Sami Karppinen – drums == Music videos == These are the songs from this album that were made into a music video: *Mies yli laidan *Alasin

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Pozuel

Pozuel can refer to several places: * Pozuel del Campo, a town in the province of Teruel, Aragón, Spain * Pozuel de Ariza, a town in the province of Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain

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Send 'er down, Hughie!

Send 'er down, Hughie!, sometimes Send her down, Hughie! or Send it down, Hughie!, is an idiomatic Australian phrase uttered in response to the onset of rain. It was in very common usage in the early 20th century, but is less common now. Interpreted literally, the phrase is a request that God, or a rain god, send plenty of rainfall. The phrase apparently originated from a British military phrase of similar meaning, Send it down, David. St Hugh having long been associated with rain, "Hughie" became Australian slang for a rain god. The phrase thus embodies the typical response to rain in most areas of Australia, which are prone to drought; and the common Australian practice of referring to people by nicknames, often with obscure meaning. It is also testament to the social egalitarianism prevalent in Australia, in which even God may be treated with familiarity. With regard to this last point, Russel Ward has referred to the phrase as "egalitarian and familiar, yet not essentially sacrilegious ". The phrase has been used as the name of a Slim Dusty song from the album Walk a Country Mile, and is the title of a 1968 book by Arthur F. Clifford. In 2002, Send it down Hughie was used for a series of drought relief concerts and music releases, including a CD that sold over 4000 copies. More recently "Hughie" has been appealed to by Australian surfers as the god of waves. This usage has been common since at least the mid 1960s and is almost certainly the most common usage of the term in recent years.

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Kwararafa

Kwararafa was a multiethnic state and/or confederacy centered along the Benue River valley in what is today eastern Nigeria. It was located southwest of the Bornu Empire and south of the Hausa States, and much of what we know of the Kwararafa come from these sources. They rose to prominence before 1500, were in conflict with their more powerful neighbours in the 17th century, and reduced to a small tribute state by the 18th century. It is believed that Kwararafa was either a confederacy or caste led conquest state led by the modern Jukun people, or perhaps a collective name given by their Muslim foes for a number of pagan peoples to their south. Regardless, a spiritually important pagan Jukun priest-kingship at Wukari appears to have been the centre of Kwararafa power, but in the 17th century, this may have spread much farther. Leo Africanus records a Bornu raid into Kwararafa territory at the end of the 15th century, and the resistance of Kwararafa horsemen. The Kano Chronicles among other Hausa sources record successful invasions of Hausaland by the Kwararafa, specifically against Kano around 1600, again mid century, and another in 1671. In the 1670s the Kwararafa assaulted Katsina, sacked Zaria and launched an invasion of Bornu. Bornu sources recount Kwararafa striking towards the capital of Ngasargamu and being turned aside in a great battle by Mai Ali bin Umar. Katsina chronicler Dan Marina recounts the Mai Ali killing, wounding and capturing many Kwararafa, and sending three captives back to their leader, with their ears severed and hung around their necks. Regardless of the brutality of the relations, there seems to have been a long period of respect between states. During the 18th century, communities of each apparently lived in the cities of the other, and a tradition of Muslim emissaries served the Kwararafa. Hausa communities too were found in the Kwararafa territory. Despite this, the state apparently was resolutely pagan, and remained so past its decline in the 18th century. By the end of that century, Kwararafa paid tribute to Bornu. By the 19th century they were reduced to small towns resisting for a period the Fulani Jihad of the Sokoto Caliphate. The successor state, the Wukari Federation, was established around 1840 and remains as a Nigerian traditional state. they remain the only tribe that conquered the hausa and the most powerful tribe in Nigeria in the 17th century.

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List of Sundanese people

== Activist == *Dewi Sartika, Indonesian female activist in Dutch colonial era, Indonesian national hero *Oto Iskandar di Nata, Indonesian nationalist activist in Dutch colonial era, Indonesian national hero, State Minister of Indonesia == Athletes == *Eka Ramdhani, football athlete *Jajang Mulyana, football athlete *Ricky Subagja, badminton athlete *Robby Darwis, football athlete *Taufik Hidayat, badminton athlete *Zaenal Arif, football athlete == Artist == *Addie MS, Composer *Asep Sunandar Sunarya, Sundanese wayang golek (rod puppet) master *Erwin Gutawa, Composer (half-Malay) == Author == *Achdiat Karta Mihardja, writer *Ajip Rosidi, Indonesian poet and short story writer == Diplomat == *Hassan Wirajuda, former Indonesian foreign minister *Marty Natalegawa, Indonesian foreign minister *Mochtar Kusumaatmadja, former Indonesian foreign minister

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False River, Louisiana

False River was an unincorporated community located in southern Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. It was situated near present day New Roads, Louisiana and the current lake of False River. == History == In February 1858 a post office was established in the small community known as False River. However, it was short-lived. Less than three years later, the post office was closed. During the American Civil War, the area was used as an encampment for Union troops. In 1887, the post office was re-opened as "St. Mary's, Louisiana." Public debate over the town's name caused the name to be changed to New Roads in 1888. The town was incorporated in 1894 as New Roads. The spelling of the town's name was sometimes written as "New Rhodes" in early maps and publications.

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Year's Best Science Fiction Novels: 1952

Year’s Best Science Fiction Novels: 1952 is a 1952 anthology of science fiction novels and novellas edited by E. F. Bleiler and T. E. Dikty. An abridged edition was published in the UK by Grayson in 1954 under the title The Year’s Best Science Fiction Novels. The stories had originally appeared in 1951 in the magazines Astounding, Super Science Stories and Two Complete Science-Adventure Books. == Contents == * Introduction, by Everett F. Bleiler & T. E. Dikty * "Izzard and the Membrane", by Walter M. Miller, Jr. * "...And Then There Were None", by Eric Frank Russell * "Flight to Forever", by Poul Anderson * "The Hunting Season", by Frank M. Robinson * "Seeker of the Sphinx", by Arthur C. Clarke == Reception == P. Schuyler Miller described the contents as "five varied and generally good middle-length stories not long enough to become books."

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Shelly limestone

Shelly limestone is a highly fossiliferous limestone, composed of a number of fossilized organisms such as brachiopods, bryozoans, crinoids, sponges, corals and mollusks. It varies in color, texture and hardness. Coquina is a poorly indurated form of shelly limestone. Shelly limestone is a sedimentary rock because it is fragmental. To be shelly, it is full of broken shells which are "glued" together with calcite. Calcium carbonate often makes up around 10% of the volume, whilst many varied sized shells from granular to very large pebbles. Its color is gray.

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Year's Best Science Fiction Novels: 1953

Year’s Best Science Fiction Novels: 1953 is a 1953 anthology of science fiction novels and novellas edited by E. F. Bleiler and T. E. Dikty. An abridged edition was published in the UK by The Bodley Head in 1955 under the title Category Phoenix. The stories had originally appeared in 1952 in the magazines Astounding, Galaxy Science Fiction and Thrilling Wonder Stories. == Contents == * Introduction, by Everett F. Bleiler & T. E. Dikty * "Firewater", by William Tenn * "Category Phoenix", by Boyd Ellanby * "Surface Tension", by James Blish * "The Gadget Had a Ghost", by Murray Leinster * "Conditionally Human", by Walter M. Miller, Jr. == Reception == P. Schuyler Miller noted that the editors selected stories "for variety as much as 'importance,' literary elegance, or any other such self-conscious quality."

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Rabies (Ruoska album)

Rabies is Finnish industrial metal band Ruoska's fifth album, and it was released on April 9 2008. == Track listing == #Saarnaaja ('Preacher') - 4:56 #Lihaa vasten lihaa ('Flesh Against Flesh') - 3:29 #Helvettiin jäätynyt ('Frozen in Hell') - 3:59 #Ei koskaan ('Never') - 4:12 #Pirunkieli ('Devil's Tongue') - 3:39 #Vankilani ('My Prison') - 4:56 #Valtaa, väkivaltaa ('Power, Violence') - 3:18 #Pakkomielle ('Obsession') - 3:37 #Porttikielto taivaaseen ('Banned from Heaven') - 4:00 #Sotasokea ('Warblind') - 4:18 == Band members == During the album recording, these were the band members: *Patrik Mennander (vocals) *Anssi Auvinen (guitar) *Mika Kamppi (bass) *Sami Karppinen (drums)

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Waterpistol (album)

Waterpistol is the second studio album by English alternative rock band Shack. The album was recorded in 1991, but its release was delayed due to a studio fire which destroyed the master tapes. During the period between the album's recording and release, the band broke up and frontman Mick Head became addicted to heroin. A back-up of the recordings, lost and recovered by producer Chris Allison, was released on Marina Records in 1995. Ultimately, Waterpistol was well received by critics. The album was reissued in 2007 in expanded form by The Red Flag Recording Company. == Recording and music == Shack's 1988 debut album, Zilch, was a commercial flop upon its release. Critical consensus was that Head's songwriting was promising but that the album's production was lacking. In 1990, frontman Mick Head told NME that Shack's second album would be less lyrically serious than Zilch and that the band's influences at the time were The Stone Roses, Flowered Up, and The Charlatans. He also stated: The stuff I'm working on now is far more humorous ... The new LP's gonna have better stories on it. It's a great challenge to put a story into a three-minute pop song. It'll still be very melodic, though, but with a more straight guitary vibe than before. It's gonna be a great album when it's finished. The album was recorded in 1991 at Star Street Studio in London. Producer Chris Allison had difficulty working with Mick, saying that "Mick could never finish anything. I’ve never worked with anyone like him, and I hope I never do again. But he's a songwriting genius and one of the most gifted artists I’ve ever worked with." Allison said that Head was dependent on alcohol to fuel his creativity, and recalled one incident of locking Head into the studio until he had completed recording five vocal takes. Ian Lowey of Rough Guides said that musically, the album was very similar to The Stone Roses, but rather than looking to 1960s psychedelia as that band had done, Shack drew influence from 1960s pop music. Stewart Mason of Allmusic also compared the album's sound to a more acoustic-sounding version of the Stone Roses and The La's, and noted similarities to the genres of jangle pop and Britpop. == Release == The release of Waterpistol was delayed due to several post-recording mishaps, contributing to what critic Dave Simpson of The Guardian called Shack's "classic rock'n'roll hard-luck tale". After the 1991 studio sessions during which the album was recorded, a fire destroyed Star Street Studio and the master tapes; shortly afterward the band's label Ghetto Records went out of business. The remaining DAT tape masters were accidentally left by producer Chris Allison in his hire car while on vacation in the United States. Months after, Allison contacted the car rental company he had used, Alamo Rent a Car, and tracked down the missing tapes. In the interim, Shack broke up after its bassist left to join Cast, and Mick sank into a state of depression, heroin addiction, and usage of other drugs including MDMA. Waterpistol was not released until October 1995 by Marina Records, an independent German label specialising in releases of UK musicians. A limited edition vinyl was released on 12 July 1999. The record sleeve is designed by Stefan Kassel in co-operation with Headcharge Hamburg and features the track list and a photo of a young boy smoking on the cover. The first pressing in 1995 included a photo of a motorcycle rider on the back of the booklet; on later pressings, this picture was exchanged with a photo of a couple lying in bed. The album was re-issued in September 2007 with different cover art by The Red Flag Recording Company. == Reception == A 1995 review in Music Week was highly positive. Comparing the album's delayed release to that of the Beach Boys' famous lost album Smile, it was written that "1995 sees the launch of one of 1991's best records, a tour-de-force of timeless pop songs that sound as fresh as anything new you’ll hear this year. [...] Fans of expertly played, emotional music have much cause for cheer [...] Waterpistol may never top the charts, and Shack may never play again, but at least this lost classic is now available." In 1999, NME claimed that Waterpistol was "an album fit to inspire a generation". Melody Maker urged readers to buy the record by calling it "beautiful", while Music Week labelled it "a tour-de-force of timeless pop songs" and "a lost classic". Allmusic's Stewart Mason wrote, "Waterpistol is one of those rare 'lost' albums that's actually as good or better than the hype suggests. This may actually be better than the more lauded H.M.S. Fable." Nick Southall of Stylus called the album a collection of "wonderful, uplifting slices of post-Beatles-Anthology-revivalist guitar bliss". In a 2008 review, Chris Catchpole of Mojo called it "very much a record rooted in the inner cities of a post-Thatcher Britain". == Track listing == Some original pressings of the album in 1995 contained just ten tracks, in the following order:

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Vương Văn Đông

Lieutenant Colonel Vương Văn Đông was an officer of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam who led the failed coup attempt of 1960 against President Ngô Đình Diệm. After the failed coup, he fled to Cambodia with the other coup leaders aboard a commandeered air force C-47. Đông was allowed to quietly settle in France.

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Year's Best Science Fiction Novels: 1954

Year’s Best Science Fiction Novels: 1954 is a 1954 anthology of science fiction novels and novellas edited by E. F. Bleiler and T. E. Dikty. An abridged edition was published in the UK by Grayson in 1955 under the title The Year’s Best Science Fiction Novels: Second Series. The stories had originally appeared in 1953 and 1954 in the magazines Amazing Stories, Thrilling Wonder Stories, Science Stories, Galaxy Science Fiction and Space Science Fiction. == Contents == * Introduction, by Everett F. Bleiler & T. E. Dikty * "The Enormous Room", by H. L. Gold & Robert Krepps * "Assignment in Aldebaran", by Kendell Foster Crossen * "The Oceans Are Wide", by Frank M. Robinson * "The Sentimentalists", by Murray Leinster * "Second Variety", by Philip K. Dick == Reception == P. Schuyler Miller reported that the editors' choices here were "by no means up to the very high standards of their annual short-story anthologies," although he rated the Robinson and Dick stories highly.

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The Private Life of Don Juan

The Private Life of Don Juan is a 1934 British comedy-drama film directed by Alexander Korda and starring Douglas Fairbanks, Merle Oberon and Benita Hume. It was Fairbanks' final film role. The film is about the life of the aging Don Juan, based on the 1920 play L'homme à la Rose by Henry Bataille. It was made by Korda's London Film Productions at Elstree Studios and distributed by United Artists under an agreement Korda had recently signed with them. == Synopsis == After many years in exile, Don Juan returns to Seville in secret. His wife has threatened to have him thrown in prison. Next morning he is surprised to find that all the town knows he is back (not surprising really as he had a big sword fight on arrival). Rodrigo, an admirer of his, follows Don Juan everywhere, wanting to be just like him, and able to give a good impression of him. Don Juan prepares to flee to France but Rodrigo is killed by a jealous husband who believes he is Don Juan and all Seville now believes him dead. He attends his own magnificent funeral, but finds many discomforts now while pretending that Don Juan is dead, before finally sorting things out.

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Stefan Ruzowitzky

Stefan Ruzowitzky (born 25 December 1961) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter. == Early life == Ruzowitzky was born in Vienna. He studied drama and history at the University of Vienna and started directing music videos, for example for 'N Sync, and commercials. == Movie career == In 1996, Ruzowitzky presented his first feature film, Tempo, about a group of youths living in Vienna. He was subsequently awarded with the Max Ophüls Preis. His next feature film, The Inheritors, set in the rural Mühlviertel in Upper Austria, came out in 1998, and was awarded Best Picture at the Rotterdam film festival as well as at the Flanders Film Festival. It also got a prize at the International Film Festival in Valladolid. In 2000 he directed the successful German horror film Anatomy, starring Franka Potente, and in 2003 the equally well received sequel Anatomy 2. Between those two Ruzowitzky's first international co-production All the Queen's Men from 2001, starring Matt LeBlanc and Eddie Izzard, was received poorly by both critics and viewers. In 2007 Ruzowitzky's The Counterfeiters premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival and was nominated for a Golden Bear award. The film is based on the memoirs of Adolf Burger, a Jewish Slovak typographer and Holocaust survivor involved in Operation Bernhard. The Counterfeiters, nominated on behalf of Austrian cinema, won the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film at the 80th Academy Awards on 24 February 2008. He is currently working on the vampire horror film The Last Voyage of the Demeter, which is based on Bram Stoker's Dracula tale, and the psychological thriller Braincopy. On May 2, 2014, Deadline Hollywood announced that Ruzowitzky will direct Screen Gems' action-thriller "Patient Zero" based off an original script by Mike Le. The film stars Matt Smith and Natalie Dormer. == Filmography == *1996 – Tempo – writer & director *1998 – The Inheritors – writer & director *2000 – Anatomy – writer & director *2001 – All the Queen's Men – director *2003 – Anatomy 2 – writer & director *2007 – The Counterfeiters – writer & director *2009 – Lilly the Witch: The Dragon and the Magic Book – writer & director *2012 – Deadfall – director == Opera == In 2010, Ruzowitzky directed his first opera production, Der Freischütz, for Vienna's Theater an der Wien. The cast included his Counterfeiters-star Karl Markovics in the non-singing role of Samiel, the production was conducted by Bertrand de Billy.

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Alden Pasche

Herbert Alden Pasche (July 19, 1910 – May 9, 1986) was the first head coach of the Houston Cougars men's basketball team from 1946 to 1956. Pasche also served of as an assistant coach for the Houston Cougars football program as a line coach from 1946 to 1947. While at the university, Pasche served as an associate professor of health and physical education. Pasche was a 1932 graduate of Rice University where he played football as an end for the Rice Owls. During Pasche's tenure, he posted a 135-116 record. Under his leadership in 1949, the Cougars won the Gulf Coast Conference championship. College Basketball Hall of famer coach Guy V. Lewis played for Pasche, and eventually became an assistant coach before being handed the job upon Alden Pasche's retirement. == Head coaching record ==

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Nathaniel Bowen

Nathaniel Bowen (June 29, 1779 – August 25, 1839) was the third bishop of South Carolina in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. == Biography == Nathaniel Bowen was born in Boston, son of the Rev. Penuel Bowen. The family moved to South Carolina when Nathaniel was young and his father died soon after. Nathaniel was raised by the Rev. Robert Smith, who became first bishop of South Carolina. Bowen was married in 1805 to Margaret Blake and they had 10 children, only four of whom survived him. Bowen graduated from the College of Charleston in 1794; was ordained deacon in 1800 and priest in 1802. He served as rector of St. John's Church, Providence, Rhode Island, St. Michael's Church, Charleston, South Carolina and Grace Church, New York City. In 1814 he received a doctor of divinity from the University of Pennsylvania. He was consecrated bishop of South Carolina on October 8, 1818, serving until his death in Charleston on August 25, 1839. === Consecrators === * The Most Reverend William White, 4th presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church * The Right Reverend John Henry Hobart, 3rd bishop of New York * The Right Reverend James Kemp, 2nd bishop of Maryland Nathaniel Bowen was the 17th bishop consecrated for the Episcopal Church.

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Toronto Sound

The Toronto Sound is the characteristic R&B sound from the years 1959–69 which was a major progenitor of American Rock in the 1970s. Its components are the Fender Telecaster guitar, Fender Precision Bass, New Orleans-style drumming, a dominant Hammond organ, and soul singing. Bands typically presented full shows complete with choreography a la James Brown & the Famous Flames, and a matching wardrobe (cf. Mandala). Popular tunes were uniquely arranged by Toronto musicians, devotees of the Stax and Motown labels, and customized according to the will of the given bandleader. This sound came to influence many performers, including Joni Mitchell, Gordon Lightfoot, Neil Young, Buffalo Springfield, and Steppenwolf. Musicians typically played in two areas of Toronto. The first was Yorkville, now an upscale shopping district, but then a centre for entertainment. Coffeehouses expanded into live venues as listed below. The second area was Yonge Street between King St. and Bloor. == Principal Musicians and Bands Responsible for Creating the Toronto Sound == David Clayton Thomas, Domenic Troiano, the Five Rogues/Mandala/Bush, George Oliver and the Soul Children, Eric Mercury, Diane Brooks and the Soul Searchers, Grant Smith & The Power, Steppenwolf (originating as Jack London and the Sparrows), Rick James, The Mynah Birds (including Neil Young and Rick James), The Plague, Jackie Shane (said, without proof, to be a cousin of Little Richard), Little Anthony and the Imperials, Shawne and Jay Jackson and the Majestics, Ronnie Hawkins and the Hawks (who became The Band), Robbie Lane and the Disciples, Jackie Gabriel, Jack Harden and the Silhouettes, RK and the Associates, Jon and Lee & The Checkmates, who became Rhinoceros, Luke & The Apostles, and, later, Prakash John and the Lincolns. The James Stafford Set called The Chad Noir home as The Ugly Ducklings called Charlie Brown's theirs. Other popular Toronto groups were The Stitch-in-Tyme, Dee and the Yeoman, The Last Words, The Rising Sons and many more. == Non-Union Musicians and Bands Responsible for Creating the Toronto Sound == The popular Toronto based, non-union, groups of the era also played an important part in the development of the Toronto Sound. Due to their non-union status they performed primarily at high schools, universities, and various dance clubs such as The Tam O'shanter Golf and Country Club in Agincourt, The Broom and Stone Curling Club in East Scarborough, El Mocambo, The Met, and The Bunny Bin/Gogue Inn in West Toronto. The Marc Tymes, cited by Jay Shepherd as Toronto's #1 non-union R&B band of the day in the Scarborough Mirror, (June 19, 1968, Page 17A), and many others such as the Blue Notes and The Corlaines, entertained Toronto audiences in various venues across the city and Southern Ontario. Also popular were "Battle Of The Bands" events where non-union musicians gathered to compete for top honors at venues such as The Pavilion in Oshawa, Ontario. Their shows included both black lights and strobes for special effect. Usually all backup band members dressed in identical suits, often fashionably double breasted, while the singer/front man wore an alternative to offset him/her from the rest of the group. Their musical talents were primarily showcased in the form of cover versions of the popular R&B songs of the day. Instruments included drums, lead, bass, and rhythm guitars, organ, often a Hammond B3, a two to five piece horn section all showcasing a front man/soul singer. These non-union performers were as important, if not more important, than union bands in exposing Toronto youth under the age of majority to what developed into the Toronto Sound. == Clubs in which the Toronto Sound was developed == In Yorkville: The Riverboat, The Purple Onion, The Devil's Den, El Patio, The Penny Farthing, The Mynah Bird, Chez Monique, The Embassy Tavern, Boris's, The Owl's Nest, and The Flick, most of which were overgrown coffee houses. On Yonge Street from Bloor to King Street: Le Coq d'Or (with The Hawk's Nest above it), The Colonial Tavern, The Sapphire Tavern, Club Blue Note, The Zanzibar Tavern, and Club 888, which became The Rockpile in 1968.

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Jacob Kamm

Jacob Kamm (12 December 1823 – 16 December 1912) was a prominent early transportation businessman in Oregon, USA. == Early life == Kamm was born on 12 December 1823, in Canton of Glarus, Switzerland. His family migrated to America when he was 8 to Illinois, St. Louis and then New Orleans. He worked as a printer's devil beginning at age 12. A story repeated after Kamm's death was that a thief stole $12 from him in 1837, leading Kamm to work on a Mississippi steamer, the Ark, as a cabin boy. Trained as an engineer on the Mississippi River, he was certified chief engineer with the St. Louis Association of Steamboat Engineers at age 25. In 1849, he moved west with the California Gold Rush, piloting the Blackhawk, a steamer, on the Sacramento River. == Oregon == Kamm moved to Oregon in 1850 after being hired by the Milwaukie founder Lot Whitcomb onto his ship, The Lot Whitcomb, being the chief engineer on the Willamette River. The Lot Whitcomb was launched on 25 December 1850. Kamm and John C. Ainsworth joined with Abernathy and Clark, merchants from Oregon City, in 1854 or 1855 to build the Jenny Clark, a sternwheeler on the Willamette. Kamm owned half of the Jenny Clark, Ainsworth owned a quarter, and Abernathy and Clark shared the remaining quarter. They then built the Carrie Ladd steamer in 1858, called the "keystone of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company". He was a founder of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company in 1879 and a shareholder in the Ilwaco Railway and Navigation Company. He built steamboats including in 1891, the Ocean Wave and in 1900, Athlon. One of the companies he owned was the Vancouver Transportation Company. Kamm sold property to the city in about 1910 to construct Old Lincoln High School, currently known as Portland State University's Lincoln Hall. His 1870s French Second Empire style home, the Jacob Kamm House was moved from its 14th and Main location in the 1950s to construct the current Lincoln High School. This estate near 14th and Main contained . == Personal life == Kamm married Caroline Augusta Gray on 13 September 1859 during the Pig War, on the PS Eliza Anderson steamer just outside Fort Hope, Canada. They had one son, Charles Tilton Kamm (1860-1906). Kamm was a Mason, being inducted at age 21 in St. Louis. In Portland, he was affiliated with the Multnomah Lodge in Oregon City, then the Willamette Lodge in Portland. He was also a Knights Templar and a Shriner. Caroline Augusta Gray was born on 16 October 1840 at Camp Lapwai, outside Lewiston, Idaho. Her father was William H. Gray. She died in 1932. == Late life and death == In December 1907, Kamm was "run down by a reckless bicycle rider" in Portland. Another report described the bicyclist as a "careless boy bicyclist"; Kamm was confined to his bed for many days. Kamm became ill on 1 December 1912, "being an invalid" since the 1907 bicycle wreck. By December 13, The Oregonian reported he "may only live a few hours", stating his condition was "sinking rapidly". The following day, he entered a coma and died. He was buried at the River View Cemetery in Portland. At time of death, his estate was valued at approximately $4 million. Aside from the Jacob Kamm home and property, he also owned a half-block building at Front and Pine, a quarter block at Third and Yamhill, a quarter block at First and Washington, the Vancouver Transportation Company, was a "heavy stockholder" in the First National Bank of Astoria, and a "heavy stockholder" in the First National Bank of Portland. He also owned valuable property on Market Street in San Francisco. At the time of his death, the Vancouver Transportation Company operated two ships: the Lurline and Undine on routes between Portland and Astoria. In 1929, E.W. Wright, a marine historian, wrote that Kamm was one of "two outstanding figures whose leadership in Columbia river steamboating will never be disputed".

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Summer (Jon Foreman EP)

Summer is the fourth and final installment in a comprehensive 4-EP acoustic collection released by Jon Foreman, the lead singer/songwriter of the San Diego rock band Switchfoot. The EP was released on Tuesday, June 10, 2008 to iTunes and other online outlets. In an April 14, 2008 MySpace blog entry, Foreman announced the track listing for Summer. Originally, the EP was scheduled for release on June 10, but was changed to May 27. Eventually, however, the digital EP was moved back to its original release date of June 10. The digital EP peaked at No. 9 on the overall iTunes albums chart, and No. 2 on the Rock albums chart. It debuted and peaked on the Billboard 200 at No. 162. The Spring and Summer Combo pack was released on June 24 to regular outlets. == Track listing == # "A Mirror Is Harder to Hold" – 3:15 # "Resurrect Me" – 4:05 # "Deep in Your Eyes (There Is a River)" – 3:03 (featuring Sarah Masen) # "Instead of a Show" – 4:03 # "The House of God, Forever" – 4:44 (featuring Sarah Masen) # "Again" – 3:54 == Sound == Summer, like Spring, is a departure from the somber tones of Fall or Winter. "Resurrect Me" is the biggest anomaly to the Foreman EP sound, featuring upbeat drum patterns, some electric guitar accompaniment, and even doubletracked vocals.

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Salvia lemmonii

Salvia lemmonii (Lemmon's sage) is an aromatic species of sage that is native to the United States and Mexico. It grows to a height of between and has ovate leaves which are between long. The long, tubular flowers are deep pink to crimson with a projecting upper lip and a wide, down-turned lower lip. These appear in clusters on the ends of stems between July and October (mid summer to mid spring) in their native range. This species occurs in dry woodland in Northwestern Mexico, southern Arizona and New Mexico and is usually found in canyons or on rocky slopes.

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Puebla (disambiguation)

Puebla can refer to several places: == Mexico == * Puebla, a Mexican State * Puebla, Puebla, a city and capital of the state with the same name * Battle of Puebla took place on 5 May 1862 near the city of Puebla during the French intervention in Mexico. The battle ended in a victory for the Mexican Army against the occupying French forces and is commemorated by Cinco de Mayo. * Puebla F.C., a professional football club based in the city of Puebla, Mexico

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Marcus Knight

Marcus Knight (born June 19, 1978) is a former National Football League wide receiver/kick returner for the Oakland Raiders and a former Arena Football League wide receiver/defensive back for the Columbus Destroyers. Marcus Knight retired from playing in 2008 and was hired by Valparaiso University as the wide receivers coach. Knight's nephew, Zelous Wheeler, is a professional baseball player.

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Peire de la Mula

Peire (or Pietro) de la Mula (fl. c. 1200) was an Italian troubadour. Of his writings a pair of couplets and one sirventes are all that survive. According to his vida, he was a joglars and trobaire (troubadour) who stayed for a long time in Montferrat, Cortemilia, and the Piedmont at the court of Ottone del Carretto (fl. 1190–1233). This places Peire's activity before 1209, when Ottone lost Cortemilia. It has been suggested that Peire's surname could be a misreading of de Lamula, as there are several places called Lamula are known, or of da Lama. It may instead be a corruption of de l'Amola, indicating origins in Amola, a town in Frignano. There did exist in the High Middle Ages a locale called Mulum southeast of Mantua and which may be the basis for a "Mula" family name, though evidence for this is lacking in other sources. There was also a poet named only "Mola" who exchanged some verses with Guilhem Raimon. He may be the same individual as Peire de la Mula, but he has also been identified with the joglars Tremoleta. One of Peire's surviving couplets, Ia de razon no.m cal metr'en pantais, can be dated to before 1185 on the basis of a reference to Androin(e), that is, Andronicus I Comnenus, who died that year. It was a screed against the young and rich. Peire's other couplet, Una leig vei d'escuoill, was also an attack on minstrels (joglars), who, at his time, were bringing their "insolence" from across the Alps into the presence of the pros (powerful) of Italy. Peire refers in this work to both Breton (Bretz) and Norman (Normans) minstrels. Peire's only full-length work to survive, Dels joglars servir mi laisse, is a sirventes joglaresc, a sirventes insulting the minstrels (joglars), whom Peire says are "breeding like leverets". Minstrels (mere performers) are in the business for money, but troubadours (composers), in Peire's view, are honorable. For his sirventes Peire imitated the metre of Raimbaut d'Aurenga's Er quant s'emba.l foill del fraisse. Otherwise, Peire was influenced metrically and rhythmically by the works of Giraut de Bornelh.

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Chen Tze-ming

Chen Tze-ming (born 28 September 1952) is a Taiwanese professional golfer. In the U.S., he is often referred to as T.M. Chen. His younger brother, Chen Tze-chung, is also a professional golfer. Chen was born in Taipei. He turned professional in 1978. He won nine tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour. His best finish in a major was a T3 in the 1985 PGA Championship. == Professional wins (18) == === Japan Golf Tour wins (9) === *1982 (1) KBC Augusta *1983 (2) Chunichi Crowns, Dunlop Phoenix Tournament *1985 (1) Pepsi Ube Open *1987 (1) Pepsi Ube Open *1992 (4) Daiichi Cup, Pocari Sweat Open, Daiwa KBC Augusta, Nippon Series === Other wins (7) === this list may be incomplete *1980 Korean Open *1981 Hong Kong Open, Korean Open *1982 Taiwan Open *1983 Thailand Open *1985 Singapore Open *1987 Thailand Open === Senior wins (2) === this list may be incomplete *2002 Japan PGA Senior Championship *2003 Castle Hill Open == Results in major championships == DNP = Did not play CUT = missed the half-way cut "T" = tied Yellow background for top-10. == Team appearances == this list may be incomplete Amateur Professional

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Camp Eagle Ridge

Camp Eagle Ridge is a leadership-based coeducational summer camp located in Mellen, Wisconsin on Lake Galilee. It was founded in 1994. The camp accepts children aged 7–17. It has been accredited by the American Camp Association. The camp is a mid-size summer camp with an occupancy limit of 90 campers. This camp is a sleep away camp, but children do have the option of being taken home instead of sleeping there. Food is provided and on the weekends trips or special activities are offered. There are 5 usually 4 cabins open to the boys and 5 usually 4 open to the girls spree are from each other. Dance are also a special activity on Friday. There are 2, 4, and 6, week stay time offered. == Activities == Campers participate in a mix of activities on a daily basis. Some of these activities include *Archery *Kickball *Basketball *Football *Leadership Workshops *Canoeing *Crafts *Disc Sports *Tennis *Kayaking *Rock Climbing *Outdoor Living Skills *Lacrosse *Guitar *Volleyball *German Dodgeball *Swimming *Drama *Mountain Biking *Capture the Flag *Fishing *Ballroom Dance *Sumo Wrestling *Golf * Nature Appreciation *Martial Arts *Soccer *Rugby

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Illinois v. Lidster

Illinois v. Lidster, , was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Fourth Amendment permits the police to use a roadblock to investigate a traffic incident. == Facts == Just after midnight on August 23, 1997, a 70-year-old man riding a bicycle was killed when a passing car struck him while he was riding on a highway in Lombard, Illinois. A week later, at the same time of day and at the same location, the police erected a roadblock. They stopped each passing motorist and handed him or her a flyer asking for information about the hit-and-run incident. Robert Lidster approached the checkpoint in his minivan. Before he reached the designated stopping point, Lidster swerved and nearly struck one of the officers. The officer smelled alcohol on Lidster's breath, and he directed Lidster to a side street where another officer administered field sobriety tests. Lidster was later tried and convicted of driving under the influence of alcohol. Lidster challenged the lawfulness of his arrest, arguing that the checkpoint violated the Fourth Amendment. The trial court rejected the challenge, but the Illinois Appellate Court accepted it, as did the Illinois Supreme Court. Because a decision of the Virginia Supreme Court had reached the opposite conclusion, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear Lidster's case. == Majority opinion == In City of Indianapolis v. Edmond, , ruled that police checkpoints set up for the purpose of "general crime control" were unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment. Although the Illinois Supreme Court ruled that Edmond required the trial court to suppress the evidence of Lidster's stop, the Court disagreed. Unlike the checkpoint in Edmond, the "primary law enforcement purpose" of the stop in this case was to "ask vehicle occupants, as members of the public, for their help in providing information about a crime in all likelihood committed by others." Edmond was directed solely at roadblocks whose purpose was general crime control; however, not every activity undertaken by law enforcement falls under the rubric of general crime control. Ordinarily, a brief investigatory stop requires individualized suspicion. In the case of seeking information from the public, the Court reasoned, "the concept of individualized suspicion has little role to play. Like certain other forms of police activity, say, crowd control or public safety, an information-seeking stop is not the kind of event that involves suspicion, or lack of suspicion, of the relevant individual." The law allows the police to seek the voluntary cooperation of members of the public in investigating crime. The importance of doing so is "offset to some degree by the need to stop a motorist to obtain that help—a need less likely present where a pedestrian, not a motorist, is involved." Although such a stop is a "seizure" in Fourth Amendment terms, it is not an unreasonable one. The stop is hardly more onerous than ordinary traffic congestion, and the resulting cooperation with the investigation would prove just as fruitful as stopping pedestrians on the street. Accordingly, it would be "anomalous" to allow the police to stop pedestrians and ask for their help in solving crimes but forbid them to stop motorists for the same reason. The Court stressed that this does not mean that the roadblock in this case was presumptively constitutional. Each roadblock must be evaluated on its own merits. In this case, the "relevant public concern was grave" in that the police were "investigating a crime that resulted in a human death." The roadblock advanced the police's "grave public concern," yet it "interfered only minimally with liberty of the sort the Fourth Amendment seeks to protect." The stops were relatively short in duration. They "provided little reason for anxiety or alarm" on the part of the motorists. And there was no indication that the police acted in a discriminatory manner. For all these reasons, the Court ruled that the checkpoint stop was constitutional. == Concurring opinion == Justice Stevens pointed out that pedestrians are free to keep walking when they see a police officer handing out flyers or seeking information, while "motorists who confront a roadblock are required to stop, and to remain stopped for as long as the officers choose to detain them." At the same time, the "likelihood that questioning a random sample of drivers will yield useful information about a hit-and-run incident that occurred a week earlier is speculative at best." Yet neither of the lower courts had balanced the relative factors weighing in favor of and against finding the seizure reasonable, because they believed that the per se rule of Edmond dictated the outcome of this case. Consequently, Justice Stevens opined he would remand the case to the Illinois courts so that they could perform this balancing in the first instance.

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SMK Mahsuri

SMK Mahsuri or officially, Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Mahsuri, is a public secondary school in the centre of Kuah, Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia. Its students study for the Malaysian Certificate of Education. The school's motto is "Berusaha, Berjaya".

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Mill Creek Wilderness

Mill Creek Wilderness is a wilderness area located in the Ochoco National Forest of central Oregon. It was established in 1984 and comprises . Of the three wilderness areas in the Ochoco National Forest - Mill Creek, Bridge Creek, and Black Canyon - Mill Creek is the largest and most heavily used. The first sawmill in Crook County was located on Mill Creek, hence its name. == Topography == Mill Creek Wilderness consists of towering stone pinnacles, steep canyons, barren ridge tops, and high elevation meadows. A unique feature of this wilderness is the pair of volcanic plugs called Twin Pillars. The northwest corner of the Wilderness is Bingham Prairie, an almost flat plateau with open meadows and a lodgepole pine forest. Mill Creek drains approximately 85% of the Wilderness, with Marks Creek drainage accounting for the difference. Both creeks are tributaries of Ochoco Creek. == Geology == Mill Creek Wilderness features some unique geological features. Popular among visitors are the tall volcanic plugs in the northwest portion of the Wilderness, Twin Pillars. Thundereggs, the state rock of Oregon, have been found in the Wilderness at Desolation Canyon and just outside the boundary at Steins Pillar. Rockhounding is no longer permitted. There are several gemstone mining claims located in Mill Creek Wilderness. The claims are all small surface operations and access is provided by primitive roads. == Vegetation == A mix of conifer tree species account for approximately 84% of the forested area of Mill Creek Wilderness. The northwest corner plateau area, Bingham Prairie, is mostly forested with lodgepole pine, which have recently been attacked by the mountain pine beetle, causing some trees to die. In August and September 2000, the Hash Rock Fire burned of the Mill Creek Wilderness. However, the area is quickly recovering and currently contains examples of an exemplary climax forest of ponderosa pine. Other plants in Mill Creek Wilderness include aster (genus), bull thistle, snowberry, and both native and non-native species of grass. == Wildlife == Mill Creek Wilderness is home to a variety of wildlife, including black bear, wild turkey, pileated woodpecker, goshawk, elk, mule deer, bobcat, and mountain lion. The Wilderness is popular with big game hunters during the fall, and anglers often seek the small rainbow trout that inhabit its perennial streams.

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X̱wáýx̱way

Xwáýxway (Xway' xway, Why-why, Qoiquoi,Qwhy-qwhy, Whoiwhoi) () is a village site of the Indigenous Sḵwxwú7mesh (Squamish), located near what is now known as Stanley Park in British Columbia, Canada. The location is on the eastern peninsula of the park, at the location now the site of Lumberman's Arch. The village site was home for many Sḵwxwú7mesh, but after more colonization began in the Vancouver area, the inhabitants were forced to re-locate to nearby villages. The name of the village comes from a mask ceremony, and a story where one of these masks originated from this place. Thus, its best translation would be "Place of the Mask". == History == Xwáýxway is estimated to have been inhabited for more than 3000 years. The area of Burrard Inlet and present day Vancouver was inhabited by the indigenous people for thousands of years. The abundant resources in these lands were used by Sḵwxwú7mesh, Musqueam, and Tsleil-waututh peoples. This village was one of the prominent villages in the area, serving as home to many houses, occupied by large extended families as is the custom of the indigenous culture. With colonial British Expansion from the east following the opening of the transcontinental railroad in 1886, Vancouver started to boom in population. With the passing of the Indian Act, the area known now as Stanley Park was created apart of Crown Lands, when the indigenous populations were placed on reserves.<--Stanley Park was made a military reserve in 1859-60, its status was never affected by the Indian Act, no Indian Reserve was ever created as it was already Government Reserve/military--> Like the nearby village site near Vanier Park called Senakw, the natives were removed to progression development and expansion of European settlement. In the 1880s, surveyors and road builders knocked the homes down to create the Park Drive perimeter road. In a 1934 conversation with archivist Major J.S. Matthews, August Jack Khatsahlano related to his childhood when he lived in the area, "We was inside this house when the surveyors come along and they chop the corner of our house when we was eating inside... We all get up and go outside see what was the matter. My sister Louise, she was only one talk a little English; she goes out ask Whiteman what's he doing that for. The man say, 'We're surveying the road. My sister ask him, "'Whose road?" Local anthropologist Charles Hill-Tout noted several skeletons were found during a road crew excavation near Xwáýxway. In the ancient Skwxwu7mesh custom, deceased were placed in trees with mausoleums built around the remains. The remains would be placed in a specially made bent wood box, and placed high in the tree. Some individuals or families of high rank or noble status would be placed in cedar tree dugout canoes. In the late 1800s, the village was the largest settlement in Stanley Park. In this village, a big house or longhouse measured at 60 meters long and near 20 meters wide. The structure was built with large cedar posts and slabs. 11 families lived in the house, numbering around 100 people. A large potlatch, a ceremonial event conducted by wealthy families, was held at this house in 1875. This event is also mentioned in the city council meeting minutes, where the medical health officer recommended the destruction of the buildings because of a smallpox outbreak, says Eric McLay, president of the Archeology Society of B.C. Squamish Nation chief Ian Cambell proposed in 2010 that Stanley Park be renamed Xwayxway Park after the name of this village.

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Guangdong University of Technology

Guangdong University of Technology (GDUT; ) is a key provincial university in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. The university offers a wide range of courses in engineering, science, technology, management, liberal arts and law, with major emphasis on the study of engineering. == History == Guangdong University of Technology was formerly known as Guangdong Institute of Technology. Approved by the State Education Commission in June 1995, it merged Guangdong Institute of Mechanical Engineering and the east campus of South China Institute of Architecture. Guangdong Institute of Technology was found in 1952 and then merged Central South Institute of Science and Technology in 1961. During the Cultural Revolution, the campus was closed and the school was forced to move to Nanhua Temple in Shaoguan City. The school returned to the Guangzhou campus in 1982, but most of the campus had been destroyed. Guangdong Institute of Mechanical Engineering was found in 1956 and also forced to close during the Cultural Revolution. East Campus of South China Institute of Architecture was found in 1956. == Campus == Main campus (Higher Education Mega Center Campus): 100 Waihuan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center. This campus accommodates most of the faculties (70%). Faculty of Foreign Language Studies, used to be located in Longdong Campus before 2011, now is located in Main Campus. Dongfeng Road Campus: It was the former campus of Guangdong Institute of Technology and was the main campus until the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre opened in 2005. It is now the campus for the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Faculty of Art Design, Faculty of Law an Faculty of Continuation Education. Longdong Campus: It was opened in 1999 as a campus for the first and second year undergraduate students. It is now the campus for the Faculty of Management and Faculty of Economics. Panyu Campus: Zhongcun Town, Panyu District. It is the campus for the Business School. Wushan Campus: It was the former campus of Guangdong Institute of Mechanical Engineering, which was sold to Guangdong Teachers College of Foreign Language and Arts in 2006. Shahe Campus: It was the former campus of the east campus of the South China Institute of Architecture. It also has been sold. == Library == Its well-stocked library has a collection of over 1,600,000 books and 9,000 sets of electronic literature. (more than 2,840,000 books and 10,000 sets now in 2008). == Administration == === Faculty === It has the privilege to confer Doctor’s, Master’s, and Bachelor’s degrees on qualified students. At present the university has 5 doctoral degree programs, 31 master degree programs(including MBA program), 52 bachelor degree programs.(10 doctoral degree programs, 51 master degree programs, including MBA program, and 57 bachelor degree programs now in 2008). == International exchanges and cooperation == It has played an active role in international scientific research and cultural cooperation and exchanges. There are more than 50 universities, research institutions and companies abroad that have established academic exchange partnerships with it, including those in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Russia, Poland, Thailand, Australia and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions.

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Al Hofmann

Al Hofmann (November 28, 1947 – March 20, 2008) was an American dragracer and drag car owner in the funny car division from Umatilla, Florida. He raced in the National Hot Rod Association. He was the second of only two funny cars to join the 300 MPH club 301.10 (Feb 19 1994) and the thirteenth overall. Hofmann was also the third member of the four second funny car club 4.992 (May 19, 1995 ) Hofmann competed in thirty-two final rounds, winning fifteen races. These 15 wins placed him seventh on the all-time Funny Car wins list as of 2002. Hofmann finished in the Top 10 season points standings during seven seasons, including every year from 1991 until 1996. == Racing career == Hofmann grew up on the East Coast of the United States. He began drag racing in 1968 with a 1955 Chevrolet. After doing some street racing, he realized it was too dangerous and started drag racing at a track. He won the first event that he entered in the C/Gas category. His Chevy was nicknamed "Hang 'Em High" because his wheelstands scraped the car's bumper. His next car was a big block 1957 Chevy nicknamed "Rat Poison". He drove a series of doorslammers and appeared to be a Pro Stock driver, but then he decided to start racing the faster funny cars. He sold his construction company in 1978 to buy the Radici & Wise funny car operation. He initially did not have enough experience with funny cars to start the car. He had to get a friend with alcohol experience to start the car. He went across the United States for three months with Sid Waterman at California to learn about the car. Hofmann said, "He wanted me to be a hands-on racer, not just a driver. So he had me take the engine apart and put it together about ten times. He felt it would help my driving if I had a better mechanical understanding of the car." Hofmann started drag racing on the East Coast of the United States. He went to Australia twice for a three month visit. "Those trips were a good thing for me," said Hofmann. "Not only did I win a couple of championships, but I got the chance to meet the people from Blower Drive Service from Whittier, California. They thought I had some potential and backed it up with $100,000 in sponsorship funding." Hofmann added, "That allowed me to hire Tom Anderson as a crew chief, one of the best moves I ever made. It was impossible for me to do both the driving and tuning by myself, and Tom had a lot more experience anyway. We ended up winning a lot of races together." Hofmann won his first national events in 1991, when he won at the Winston Invitational then Dallas and Ponoma's second event. He finished in the Top 10 in season points. He followed up with three wins in 1992 when he finished third in the season points. Hofmann's 1993 season ended with a fourth place points finish. Hofmann acquired major sponsorship backing for the 1994 season from Western Auto. Along with wife Helen,Tom Anderson and crew Jimbo Ermolovich,Brian MacDermott,Rob Hyson,Larry Liu, Janet Rantala,Jim Leclair.That year the team finished third in the Funny car points. behind Chuck Etchells and John Force and winning only at Houston His highest season points finish was second in 1995 when he won five races. Houston,Columbus, Sonoma, Seattle, and Pomona,and runner up finishes at Pomona, Memphis, Topeka and Denver, He also chalked up wins at the Budweiser Shootout 1992-94-95. Hofmann developed a fierce rivalry with John Force. Hofmann described their rivalry, "That was a fun time. We played it up for all it was worth." He followed the season by finishing fourth in the season points for 1996. Anderson left the team in July 1996 and Western Auto's sponsorship of the team ended that year. Hofmann started out the 1997 season by winning the Gatornationals, but a fiery crash in the shutdown area after the win led to Hofmann breaking an arm. He missed four races in the middle of the season. His comeback peaked eight months later with a win at the Revell Nationals in Dallas that October. He finished thirteenth in points that season despite missing the four events. He raced in the GM Performance Parts dragster through the rest of the decade. In 2000 he started driving for Jim Dunn. Hofmann left the team after the 2002 Gainesville race and he never raced again. == Retirement and death == After his retirement, he started an automobile and street rod restoration business. In 2007, Hofmann said, "I sold the business last year and am effectively retired at this point. I bought a motorhome and took a trip all over the country with my wife, Susie, who is Johnny West's sister and a former worker on the NHRA Safety Safari team. We're just two old racers, riding around together and having a good time." Hofmann died March 20, 2008 of a heart attack at his RV park in Eustis, Florida.

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Kirin Open

The Kirin Open was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 1974 to 2001. From 1977, it was played at the Ibaraki Golf Club in Ibaraki. == Winners == Asia Pacific Open Golf Championship Kirin Open *2001 Shingo Katayama *2000 Shingo Katayama Kirin Open *1999 K.J. Choi *1998 Frankie Miñoza *1997 Jong-Duck Kim *1996 Yoshinori Kaneko Dunlop Open *1995 Peter Senior *1994 Masashi Ozaki *1993 Hajime Meshiai *1992 Masashi Ozaki *1991 Roger Mackay *1990 Frankie Miñoza *1989 Terry Gale *1988 Masashi Ozaki Dunlop International Open Sobu International Open *1976 Ben Arda *1975 Teruo Sugihara *1974 Lu Liang-Huan

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Black scabbardfish

The black scabbardfish, Aphanopus carbo, is a bathypelagic cutlassfish of the family Trichiuridae found in the Atlantic Ocean between latitudes 69° N and 27° N at depths of between . Its length is up to 110 cm, but it reaches maturity at around 80 to 85 cm. == Description == The black scabbardfish is a fish with a body that is extremely elongated, with body depth 10.8 to 13.4 times in SL. The snout is large with strong fang-like teeth. The dorsal fin has 34 to 41 spines and 52 to 56 soft rays. The anal fin has 2 spines and 43 to 48 soft rays. The pelvic fins are represented by a single spine in juveniles but are entirely absent in adults. The color is a coppery black with an iridescent tint. The inside of the mouth and gill cavities are black. Juveniles are believed to be mesopelagic, living at depths from . == Biology == The black scabbardfish is bathypelagic by day but moves upwards in the water column at night to feed at middle depths on crustaceans, cephalopods and other fishes, mostly grenadiers, codlings (family Moridae) and naked heads (family Alepocephalidae). The black scabbardfish coexists spatially with aphanopus intermedius Parin, which is a species commonly known as the intermediate scabbardfish. The narrow, elongated body of the black scabbardfish, along with its pointed head and long dorsal fin, are adapted for fast swimming. This fish has a large terminal mouth with large fang like teeth for efficient predation. In order to camouflage well, it has a coppery-black coloration with an iridescent tint. The fish’s large eyes which have a diameter of 1/5-1/6 of the head length, are of such a large size to facilitate sight in low light. They become sexually mature at a length of about . Both the eggs and the larvae are pelagic, drifting with the plankton. In general, the size distribution moves towards higher values from north to south of the NE Atlantic. Eggs and larval stages of this fish are unknown and juvenile fish are rarely caught. Juveniles, however, are reported to be mesopelagic. The life cycle of black scabbardfish is unknown, but the most common hypothesis is that one single stock undertakes a large scale clockwise migration around the NE atlantic. Spawning is restricted to certain areas including Madeira, the Canary Islands, and possibly further south. The juvenile black scabbardfish stay to feed and grow for a few years in the fisheries south of the Faroe Islands and the west of the British Isles. Afterwards, the juveniles then move south towards mainland Portugal and even further south to the spawning areas. The most recent studies indicate that the maximum age of the black scabbardfish from Madeira was about 14 years and the maximum age in Mainland Portugal was about 12 years. As opposed to most shelf demersal and pelagic commercial fish, the black scabbardfish exhibit a slow growth rate in adults. This slow growth rate results from energy investment of growth and reproduction. == Reproduction == The black scabbardfish is an iteroparious species, meaning it can spawn multiple times throughout its life. It is also a total spawner, meaning that it releases all of its eggs in one single event per breeding season. It also exhibits determinate fecundity, meaning that all of the eggs are oocytes in the ovary before spawning. The females are expected to be able to spawn for a period of 8 years., however, skip spawning may occur. If non-reproductive males are mixed with spawning adults, the females will choose to allocate their energy towards large scale migration and growth and participate in skip spawning. The mature and spawning adult fish have only been observed in the last quarter of year in certain set of locations including Madeira, the Canaries, and the northwest coast of Africa. The gonadosomatic index is higher for the same body length in the black scabbardfish located around Madeira as opposed to off Mainland Portugal or to the west of the British Isles. This occurrence may be due to the areas lacking intrinsic and extrinsic factors that condition the maturity process in these areas. According to recent studies, developing females are dominant from April to August, and the reproduction period lasts from September to December with a prevalent number of pre-spawning and spawning females during this period. From December to March the majority of females are post-spawning. As for developing males their presence in seen throughout the year, however, mainly from March to August. Pre-spawning males are more abundant from July to November. Similar to the females, post-spawning males are prevalent from December to April. Generally, developing females are prevalent in Madeiran waters around spring and their reproductive cycles continue in this area, whereas mainland Portugal females begin to suffer from a generalized atresia from July on. == Diet == The diet of a black scabbardfish would be nothing without its main components that compose the body of the black scabbardfish; lipids, fatty acids, and proteins. These factors are the significant organic compounds of all living fish, which serve as locomotion, metabolic energy for growth, and reproduction. The essential segment in a black scabbardfish’s diet are the fatty acids. The three big groups that are an aid in the diet is the monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids correlate with metabolic processes in the Black Scabbardfish’s diet.Black Scabbard fish usually have around 35 or more prey categories. The popular prey that comprise a Black Scabbard fish’s diet are the crustaceans, cephalopods, Mesopelagic fish, shrimps, teleost fish, and blue whiting. The blue whiting happen to be superior over the other categories. Prominently coming second as the most consumed in the diet are the Mesopelagic fish. When black scabbardfish are not feeding on their usual food chain, they chase after bait and feast on Sardina pilchardus, Scomber colias, or squid. == Parasitic Infection == The black scabbardfish is a suitable host for the parasite known as Anisakis. This is mainly due to the fishes diet of infected hosts such as crustaceans (euphausiids, copepods and amphipods), fish and cephalopods. This parasite is a nematode that is capable of entering the hosts stomach wall or intestines. Scientists can and have used these parasites to track where the black scabbardfish has traveled. The parasite Anisakis is commonly used for tracking since they are prevalent in waters nearby Portugal and the Madeira Islands. A study has been conducted on the infectivity of the Anisakis app. Larvae (Nematoda: Aniskidae) in the black scabbardfish near Portuguese waters. The three regions that were observed in the study was the mainland coast of Portugal, Madeira, and Azores. The mainland and Madeira regions were observed throughout four seasons by scientists and the Azores was observed in two seasons. In all fish observed all were infected by Anisakis L3 larvae. Consumption of raw or under cooked black scabbard fish can result in health complications for humans. The only reliable treatment for a human affected with Anisakiasis is the removal of the nematodes through endoscopy, or surgery. == Migration and Habitat == The black scabbardfish can be found throughout the NE Atlantic in differing stages of growth through its life. This fish performs a clockwise migration during its life cycle driven by reproduction and feeding habits. The black scabbardfish spawns near the Madeira Islands and the Canary Archipelago during the months of October through December. It has been hypothesized that they then head north to cooler waters where they will feed and grow. Upon reaching adulthood, they will then move south again to the waters off Portugal until they are of reproductive maturity age when they will then return to their spawning grounds. There is some debate on the spawning areas of the black scabbardfish. Though the Madeira spawning area is well known, there may be some other spawning areas off the northwestern coast of Africa as mature females have been found in this region during the reproductive time of its life cycle. == Economic value == The black scabbardfish is of economic importance to fisheries associated with countries of the Iberian Peninsula, and especially with the Madeira Islands where they are prized for food. The black scabbardfish is also fished around areas of Iceland, France, Ireland and around some areas around the Canary Islands. Because of its good flesh quality, it usually fetches high prices. The Black Scabbard fish, along with the crab are the two most ought after fish for consumption in the Madiera Islands and Portugal and therefore play a huge economic role in these locations. In areas in Portuguese waters the black scabbardfish has traditionally been caught by line gears. In the NE Atlantic around the areas of France and Ireland the fish are caught by trawlers. The black scabbardfish, has high economic value in areas such as Portugal, it is the most important deep-water fish exploited, and landings of the black scabbardfish increased from 2700 tonnes per year between the years of 1988 and 1993 and around the year of 2000 and increased to 2900 tonnes in landings obtained in the year of 2007. In the last decade alone landings of the black scabbard fish have increased to about 6000 tonnes, 3000 tonnes in Maderia and 3000 tonnes in mainland Portugal. == Consumption and Health == Despite having huge market value and a strong hold in the typical Southern European diet, there are several health risks associated with consumption of the black scabbardish due to the presence of several toxic metals found within the fish including lead, mercury, and cadmium. Even in very small quantities, these metals can be deadly to humans if consumed. However, according to standards set by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization, as long as the liver is not consumed there are no real health risks in consuming the Black Scabbardish as long as it is done in moderation. 'The levels of toxic metals found in the fish were as follows... Liver: between 2.37 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg of mercury found Skin: between 0.36 mg/kg and 0.59 mg/kg of mercury found. 0.11 mg/kg of candmium found. muscles: 0.9 mg/kg mercury found. 0.09 mg/kg maximum candmium levels found. In every sample, the lead found was less than 0.10 mg/kg. Black scabbardfish are known hosts to Anisakis. Eating raw or under cooked black scabbardfish could result in a parasitic infection known as Anisakiasis, and the only way this condition can be treated is by removal of the nematodes through endoscopy, or surgery. == Conservation == The black scabbardfish are deep-sea creatures, existing in abundance in between 800 and 1300 meters deep. They are mainly captured in mixed trawl fisheries along with other deep-water species, and are highly vulnerable to overfishing. The Marine Conservation Society ranks this species as a number five out of five on the sustainability chart. This means that the species is vital to their ecosystem. Preservation of this species is highly recommended. However, this species is of high commercial importance, with annual catches reaching up to 14,000 tonnes. ICES Journal of Marine Science have noted that the high abundances of this species are declining in some areas of the Northeast Atlantic.

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Buffalo Bill Dam

Buffalo Bill Dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam on the Shoshone River in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It is named after the famous Wild West figure William "Buffalo Bill" Cody, who founded the nearby town of Cody and owned much of the land now covered by the reservoir formed by its construction. The dam is part of the Shoshone Project, successor to several visionary schemes promoted by Cody to irrigate the Bighorn Basin and turn it from a semi-arid sagebrush-covered plain to productive agricultural land. Known at the time of its construction as Shoshone Dam, it was renamed in 1946 to honor Cody. The high structure was designed by engineer Daniel Webster Cole and built between 1905 and 1910. At the time of its completion it was the tallest dam in the world. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971 and named a National Civil Engineering Landmark in 1973. The land around the reservoir is maintained as Buffalo Bill State Park. == Description == The dam is a concrete arch-gravity dam, wide at the base and wide at the crest, with an original height of . The concrete structure measures deep at the base, tapering to at the crest, with a volume of of concrete. It is anchored into Pre-Cambrian granitic rock on either side. The spillway is an uncontrolled overflow weir on the south side, wide, dropping through a tunnel in the left abutment. == Construction == With the authorization of the Shoshone Project in 1904, Buffalo Bill Dam became one of the earliest projects of the new Bureau of Reclamation. The ambitious project involved the construction of one of the first high concrete dams in the United States. Work began immediately, with drilling for geologic investigation starting in July 1904 and continuing for ten months. Work proceeded concurrently on the construction of an access road up the narrow canyon from Cody. The chosen contractor, Prendergast & Clarkson of Chicago, started work in September 1905, building a camp for workers and starting on a diversion dam, which was to divert the river into a wooden flume, through a tunnel and out through another flume to rejoin the river bed. Two men were killed in the construction of the tunnel. A June 1906 flood destroyed the flume. The delay caused the Bureau of Reclamation to suspend the contractor's contract and to call upon the contractor's bonding company, the U.S. Fidelity and Guaranty Company, to ensure the completion of the work. Little work was done until March 1907. Another flood in July damaged the diversion dam again. Working conditions were harsh, leading to the first strike in Wyoming's history in November, in which workers demanded and received three dollars a day from USF&G. USF&G delegated responsibility for the work to two new contractors, Locher and Grant Smith and Company, in March 1908. Work progressed more quickly, with the first concrete pours in April. Spring floods set the project back once again, causing concrete work to be suspended. Concrete work started again in March 1909, and despite more spring flooding that suspended work from July to September, work moved quickly. Another threatened strike was broken when Italian laborers were replaced with Bulgarian workers. Final concrete was poured in January 1910, with a final cost of $1.4 million. Seven construction workers were killed on the project. Immediately after completion the dam suffered from leakage through the outlet works, leading to low water elevations that exposed mudflats, which soon produced dense blowing dust. Corrective work to valves took until 1915. Problems with the right abutment's outlet works led to their abandonment in 1959. They were sealed in 1961. The reservoir began to lose capacity immediately as a result of the Shoshone's heavy silt load, and the material deposited at the head of the reservoir continued to blow when the reservoir was drawn down. Work continued on silt dikes and reforestation into the 1950s, but capacity is reduced from the reservoir's nominal capacity of to due to siltation. The new reservoir covered hot springs at the forks of the Shoshone, similar to those found at Colter's Hell at the mouth of the Shoshone Canyon. === Shoshone Power Plant === Work on the Shoshone Power Plant started in 1920. The power plant is located downstream from the dam on the north side of the canyon. Following delays for spring flooding, work on the power house and supply tunnel was complete in 1922, ready for the installation of electrical equipment. Generating units 1 and 2 came on line in 1922, with Unit 3 in 1931. Installed capacity was 6.012 MW. All three units were shut down in 1980, worn out from fifty years of service. 1 and 2 were decommissioned and left in place, while 3 was replaced with a new 3 MW Francis turbine unit that started operation in 1992. The plant operates with a head of . === Shoshone Canyon Tunnel and Heart Mountain Power Plant === The proposed Heart Mountain Canal project, intended to irrigate lands to the north of the river, required a new tunnel to direct irrigation waters to a suitable elevation for distribution. Work on the Shoshone Canyon Tunnel started in 1937, accompanied by the death of two tunnel workers who were overcome by fumes from explosives and hydrogen sulfide from nearby geothermal activity, and were subsequently struck by construction equipment. A natural cave had to be crossed by a concrete flume of two spans, constructed under difficult conditions in a high-gas environment. Work on the tunnel by the Utah Construction Company was complete in 1939. The Heart Mountain Powerplant was built at the tunnel's outlet in 1947 as a temporary facility. It was rebuilt concurrently with the dam heightening project and is operated on a seasonal basis. It operates a 5 MW Francis turbine on a head. == Renovation and height increase == Starting in 1985, the crest of the dam was raised , increasing the reservoir's capacity by when the project was completed in 1993. The spillways were enlarged and equipped with radial arm gates. The project also included a visitor center, located at the north end of the dam's crest. The additional height allowed 25.5 MW of additional generating capacity to be added to the project. The expanded reservoir inundated facilities at Buffalo Bill State Park, requiring their relocation and reconstruction. === Buffalo Bill Power Plant === The Buffalo Bill Powerplant was built concurrently with the work to increase the dam's height in 1992. The plant, located in Shoshone Canyon downstream from the original Shoshone Powerplant, operates three Francis turbines with generators rated at 6 MW each on a head of . === Spirit Mountain Power Plant === The Spirit Mountain Powerplant receives pressurized water through a conduit. It primarily functions to dissipate the pressure in the conduit before it enters an open canal, generating power as a byproduct. The unit operates a Francis turbine generating 4.5 MW on a seasonal base load basis, with a head. It was built in 1994.

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Ferguson Lake (Kitikmeot Region)

Ferguson Lake (Inuinnaqtun: Tahiryuaq or Tahikyoak) is located on southern Victoria Island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, in northern Canada. It drains westward into Iqaluktuuq River (meaning "place of big fish") which is a segment of the Ekalluk River, from the northeastern side of Wellington Bay (Ekaloktok), on Dease Strait, Arctic Ocean Ferguson Lake is the namesake of Constable Ferguson, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police member. Ferguson Lake has been characterized as "polar semi-desert". Its fauna includes willow-sedge meadows, Dryas uplands, and raised beaches. The narrow land area between Wellington Bay and Ferguson Lake funnels migrating Dolphin and Union caribou herd, making them easy prey for Inuit hunters. Muskox, Arctic hare, and ptarmigan also inhabit the area. The lake itself contains Arctic char (iqalukpiit) and lake trout (ihuurayuit). These were the principal food sources for Copper Inuit who were predated by people of the Dorset culture through Thule culture as evidenced by Canadian Arctic archaeological sites on the banks of the lake, its river, and about 1 km north on the bay (Cadfael site).

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Piezoelectric accelerometer

A piezoelectric accelerometer is an accelerometer that employs the piezoelectric effect of certain materials to measure dynamic changes in mechanical variables (e.g., acceleration, vibration, and mechanical shock). As with all transducers, piezoelectric accelerometers convert one form of energy into another and provide an electrical signal in response to a quantity, property, or condition that is being measured. Using the general sensing method upon which all accelerometers are based, acceleration acts upon a seismic mass that is restrained by a spring or suspended on a cantilever beam, and converts a physical force into an electrical signal. Before the acceleration can be converted into an electrical quantity it must first be converted into either a force or displacement. This conversion is done via the mass spring system shown in the figure to the right. == Introduction == The word piezoelectric finds its roots in the Greek word piezein, which means to squeeze or press. When a physical force is exerted on the accelerometer, the seismic mass loads the piezoelectric element according to Newton's second law of motion (F=ma). The force exerted on the piezoelectric material can be observed in the change in the electrostatic force or voltage generated by the piezoelectric material. This differs from a piezoresistive effect in that piezoresistive materials experience a change in the resistance of the material rather than a change in charge or voltage. Physical force exerted on the piezoelectric can be classified as one of two types; bending or compression. Stress of the compression type can be understood as a force exerted to one side of the piezoelectric while the opposing side rests against a fixed surface, while bending involves a force being exerted on the piezoelectric from both sides. Piezoelectric materials used for the purpose of accelerometers fall into two categories: single crystal and ceramic materials. The first and more widely used are single-crystal materials (usually quartz). Though these materials do offer a long life span in terms of sensitivity, their disadvantage is that they are generally less sensitive than some piezoelectric ceramics. The other category, ceramic materials, have a higher piezoelectric constant (sensitivity) than single-crystal materials, and are less expensive to produce. Ceramics use barium titanate, lead-zirconate-lead-titanate, lead metaniobate, and other materials whose composition is considered proprietary by the company responsible for their development. The disadvantage of piezoelectric ceramics, however, is that their sensitivity degrades with time making the longevity of the device less than that of single-crystal materials. In applications when low sensitivity piezoelectrics are used, two or more crystals can be connected together for output multiplication. The proper material can be chosen for particular applications based on the sensitivity, frequency response, bulk-resistivity, and thermal response. Due to the low output signal and high output impedance that piezoelectric accelerometers possess, there is a need for amplification and impedance conversion of the signal produced. In the past this problem has been solved using a separate (external) amplifier/impedance converter. This method, however, is generally impractical due to the noise that is introduced as well as the physical and environmental constraints posed on the system as a result. Today IC amplifiers/impedance converters are commercially available and are generally packaged within the case of the accelerometer itself. == History == Behind the mystery of the operation of the piezoelectric accelerometer lie some very fundamental concepts governing the behavior of crystallographic structures. In 1880, Pierre and Jacques Curie published an experimental demonstration connecting mechanical stress and surface charge on a crystal. This phenomenon became known as the piezoelectric effect. Closely related to this phenomenon is the Curie point, named for the physicist Pierre Curie, which is the temperature above which piezoelectric material loses spontaneous polarization of its atoms. The development of the commercial piezoelectric accelerometer came about through a number of attempts to find the most effective method to measure the vibration on large structures such as bridges and on vehicles in motion such as aircraft. One attempt involved using the resistance strain gage as a device to build an accelerometer. Incidentally, it was Hans J. Meier who, through his work at MIT, is given credit as the first to construct a commercial strain gage accelerometer (circa 1938). However, the strain gage accelerometers were fragile and could only produce low resonant frequencies and they also exhibited a low frequency response. These limitations in dynamic range made it unsuitable for testing naval aircraft structures. On the other hand, the piezoelectric sensor was proven to be a much better choice over the strain gage in designing an accelerometer. The high modulus of elasticity of piezoelectric materials makes the piezoelectric sensor a more viable solution to the problems identified with the strain gage accelerometer. Simply stated, the inherent properties of the piezoelectric accelerometers made it a much better alternative to the strain gage types because of its high frequency response, and its ability to generate high resonant frequencies. The piezoelectric accelerometer allowed for a reduction in its physical size at the manufacturing level and it also provided for a higher g (standard gravity) capability relative to the strain gage type. By comparison, the strain gage type exhibited a flat frequency response above 200 Hz while the piezoelectric type provided a flat response up to 10,000 Hz. These improvements made it possible for measuring the high frequency vibrations associated with the quick movements and short duration shocks of aircraft which before was not possible with the strain gage types. Before long, the technological benefits of the piezoelectric accelerometer became apparent and in the late 1940s, large scale production of piezoelectric accelerometers began. Today, piezoelectric accelerometers are used for instrumentation in the fields of engineering, health and medicine, aeronautics and many other different industries. == Manufacturing == There are two common methods used to manufacture accelerometers. One is based upon the principles of piezoresistance and the other is based on the principles of piezoelectricity. Both methods ensure that unwanted orthogonal acceleration vectors are excluded from detection. Manufacturing an accelerometer that uses piezoresistance first starts with a semiconductor layer that is attached to a handle wafer by a thick oxide layer. The semiconductor layer is then patterned to the accelerometer's geometry. This semiconductor layer has one or more apertures so that the underlying mass will have the corresponding apertures. Next the semiconductor layer is used as a mask to etch out a cavity in the underlying thick oxide. A mass in the cavity is supported in cantilever fashion by the piezoresistant arms of the semiconductor layer. Directly below the accelerometer's geometry is a flex cavity that allows the mass in the cavity to flex or move in direction that is orthogonal to the surface of the accelerometer. Accelerometers based upon piezoelectricity are constructed with two piezoelectric transducers. The unit consists of a hollow tube that is sealed by a piezoelectric transducer on each end. The transducers are oppositely polarized and are selected to have a specific series capacitance. The tube is then partially filled with a heavy liquid and the accelerometer is excited. While excited the total output voltage is continuously measured and the volume of the heavy liquid is microadjusted until the desired output voltage is obtained. Finally the outputs of the individual transducers are measured, the residual voltage difference is tabulated, and the dominate transducer is identified. In 1943 the Danish company Brüel & Kjær launched Type 4301 - the world's first charge accelerometer. == Applications of piezoelectric accelerometers == Piezoelectric accelerometers are used in many different industries, environments and applications. Piezoelectric measuring devices are widely used today in the laboratory, on the production floor, and as original equipment for measuring and recording dynamic changes in mechanical variables including shock and vibration. Some accelerometers have built-in electronics to amplify the signal before transmitting it to the recording device. These devices usually comply with the IEPE standard or its proprietary equivalent, ICP (see integrated circuit piezoelectric sensor).

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Elephant Shell

Elephant Shell is the first LP to be released by Tokyo Police Club. It was released in the United States, Canada and Australia on April 22, 2008 on Saddle Creek Records, and in the United Kingdom and Continental Europe on May 5, 2008. "In a Cave", "Juno", and "Tessellate" have been posted on the band's official MySpace. The album was leaked on the internet on March 7, 2008. In response to the leak, Saddle Creek Records offered the album as a high-quality MP3 download for $9.00 on their website. The iTunes Store pre-released the album on March 25. Starting April 25, MTV Canada streamed the album free online (The Leak). The album release party was held at the Bowery Ballroom in New York, with guests Smoosh and The Meligrove Band. == Chart performance == The album debuted at #1 on the Billboard Top Heatseekers charts in the United States, and at #10 in the Canadian album chart. == Track listing == (Songs 12 and 13 are only accessible on the UK Version. Track 12 is a cover of a song by The Rentals.) == Bonus disc track listing == #"Centennial (Remix by Dntel)" - 4:37 #"Tessellate (Remix by Tom Campesinos!)" - 4:16 #"Nursery, Academy (Remix by Flowers Forever)" - 2:38 #"Listen to the Math (Remix by The Good Life)" - 3:18 #"Tessellate (Remix by Field Music)" - 3:28 == Free Downloads == The songs "In a Cave" and "Juno" were both released as free downloads before the actual release of the album.

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Young X-Men

Young X-Men was a comic book series published by Marvel Comics. It lasted for 12 issues, from April 2008 through March 2009. The series was written by Marc Guggenheim. == Plot summary == === Final Genesis (Issues 1–5) === Blindfold has a vision of a team of X-Men facing off against a deadly old foe of the X-Men, Donald Pierce, former member of the Hellfire Club. After one of the members is murdered in the ensuing battle, she wakes up violently from the nightmarish dream. Elsewhere, Cyclops is seen across the world, recruiting, several teenaged mutants such as Eric Gitter, and former students like Sooraya Qadir (Dust), Nicholas Gleason (Wolf Cub); and Santo Vaccarro (Rockslide). Santo, however, refuses to join unless Scott accepts Ruth Aldine (Blindfold) whom Scott had originally planned not to recruit, to be on the team as well. After assembling the Young X-Men in the Danger Cave, he gives them their costumes, which have the appearance of the standard yellow and black training uniforms. He lectures them that he is reforming the X-Men, beginning with perhaps the last generation of mutants. Their first mission is to take down what he claims is the new incarnation of the Brotherhood of Mutants, under the control of Sunspot (who is now Lord Imperial of the Hellfire Club) and is accompanied by his friends and former teammates, Cannonball, Magma, and Danielle Moonstar. After they fail in training sessions against Brotherhood simulacra, Cyclops decides to send them after Moonstar and Magma in small teams, each with a specific target. When surprise-attacked by Dust, Rockslide and Wolf Cub in Los Angeles, Magma responds violently by destroying their Blackbird. In the Colorado Rockies, Moonstar proves herself superior to the young mutants Blindfold and Ink despite her lack of powers. However, she is taken down by an unseen force that Blindfold seems to know. Carrying the unconscious Moonstar back to their Blackbird, Ink asks Blindfold how her powers work. After she is done explaining, Ink immediately knocks her unconscious. Ink then delivers the unconscious Blindfold to a mysterious man in the shadows who happens to be Donald Pierce. When questioned about why they aren't dead, Ink explains that he is a mercenary not a killer. Rockslide, Wolf Cub, and Dust recover from their crash and attack Magma. Magma, though unprepared, is much more experienced. She turns Dust into glass, sends Wolf Cub packing, and turns Rockslide into a pile of rocks. Distracted by Rockslide, who reforms, she is eviscerated by Wolf Cub, knocking her out but leaving Wolf Cub with a nasty burn. Cannonball and Sunspot are watching the battle in LA. After hearing nothing from Danielle, they are convinced that the Young X-Men are coming after them. Graymalkin watches Ink talk to Cyclops in the shadows, Ink having lied about what happened to Blindfold and Moonstar. Graymalkin appears to be talking to himself, knowing something nobody knows. He says "Very well. I'll kill the Cyclops." Danielle Moonstar confronts an awakening Blindfold and is very confused. Blindfold apologizes and points out that Donald Pierce is behind her. The other Young X-Men discuss Blindfold's vision and Dust's critical condition. Ink is surprised he is included in it as part of the team. Elsewhere, Donald Pierce ambushes Moonstar and Blindfold, and disappears. Ink shaves his head and has a lightning bolt tattoo on it, assuming he will gain telepathy. Ink, Rockslide, and Wolf Cub lead an attack on the Hellfire Club to fight Cannonball and Sunspot. Graymalkin attacks Cyclops back at the Danger Cave, leaving the Young X-Men on their own. Wolf Cub wounds Sunspot, angering Cannonball. Graymalkin takes out the lights to the Danger Cave, saying it gives him more power. He then exposes Cyclops for who he really has been this whole time, Donald Pierce. Once both teams learn the truth, they go after Pierce, but arrive too late to save Wolf Cub, who was the then-unknown teammate that was killed in Blindfold's vision. It is notable that the first story arc of Young X-Men echoes a narrative pattern first established with the inception of the New Mutants in their eponymous graphic novel, which was also echoed in the first story arc of New Mutants volume 2, which gave rise to the New X-Men series that is the immediate antecedent for Young X-Men. All three of these storylines deal with the assembly of a new team of mutants, feature the cyborg Donald Pierce as the villain, and have one member of the team (Cannonball, Elixir, and Ink, in the respective stories) that initially works for Pierce before switching sides and joining the new team. This story pattern was also followed, to some extent, in the New X-Men arc that appeared within the House of M timeline. Further underscoring this continuity is the appearance of many of the original New Mutants in all three stories: as the protagonists in the New Mutants graphic novel, as teachers and mentors to the "new" New Mutants volume 2, and as the antagonists, the ersatz Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, in the arc in Young X-Men. Graymalkin mentions a "Cypher" twice. The first is when he is alone the air ducts inside of the Danger Cave. He mentions that he is "not the only one that can help them. There is Cypher." The second time is when he tells Donald Pierce (who was disguised as Cyclops) that "Cypher told [him] everything. === Membership changes === After the adventure where Wolf Cub died, Cyclops asked Sunspot and Moonstar to teach the Young X-Men, they both accepted. Blindfold decided to leave the team, since she is no great contribution on the field of battle. Meanwhile Moonstar asked Anole, also a former member of New X-Men, to join the new team. Ink finds out he is not a mutant at all. The artist who made his tattoos is in fact the one who gave Ink his powers, this tattoo artist is a mutant. Ink decides, since he is not a mutant, there is no place for him with the Young X-Men and leaves. The new character, an African-American girl, reveals herself at the end of Young X-Men #8, however her codename is spelled "Cipher," rather than "Cypher" (as it is spelled in earlier mentions). She had come to warn Ink that his teammates were in trouble and he is needed to come with her to save them. Although Ink is very skeptical about this young girl's motivations or intentions, she is shown wearing the standard uniform of the Young X-Men, and has a jet from the X-Men's headquarters to transport him to his team as well, to show that her information is legitimate, even though she refuses to give any more information, about herself or the team, other than that. However, she also gives into his demand to take him to his tattooist to give him some new abilities, even though she voices that she feels he is wasting his time while his friends are "dead or dying." She is still able to get him to the battle with the Y-Men in time, though, where Ink is able to turn the tide and save his teammates. Later that evening, Ink begins to ask Graymalkin about his connection to Cipher and just who she is, while Cipher, in a transparent form, spies on the two from the ceiling above. === Cancellation === Young X-Men ended with its final issue, #12, released in March 2009. == Creators == === Art === *Yanick Paquette - Young X-Men #1–5 *Ben Oliver - Young X-Men #6–7, #10 *Rafa Sandoval - Young X-Men #8–9, #11–12 === Cover art === *Terry Dodson and Rachel Dodson - Young X-Men #1–7 *Michael Ryan - Young X-Men #8 *Chris Bachalo - Young X-Men #9 *Billy Tan - Young X-Men #10 *Pasqual Ferry - Young X-Men #11–12

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Thai Public Broadcasting Service

The Thai Public Broadcasting Service (; ), or TPBS (), is a public broadcasting service in Thailand. It is established by the Thai Public Broadcasting Service Act, BE 2551 (2008), which came into force as from January 15, 2008. Under this Act, the TPBS holds the status of state agency with legal personality, but not being a government agency or state enterprise. The TPBS operates Thai PBS (ไทยพีบีเอส), which was formerly known as iTV, TITV and TV Thai Television Station, respectively. Thai PBS is a public television station broadcasting in UHF Channel 29. The station is broadcasting on a frequency formerly held by the privately run channel, iTV. Thai PBS tested its broadcasting on a temporary frequency appropriated by TVT (TV 11 Thailand) at Television of Thailand (New Phetchaburi Road Broadcasting Station) from January 15 to 31, 2008, and it started airing its programs on February 1 of the same year. == History == === The iTV years === Discussion of a public television station in Thailand began in the aftermath of the "Bloody May" crackdown on anti-government protests in 1992, in which the need was expressed for a TV station that would broadcast news and information free from state intervention. The resulting public debate give rise to iTV, a privately owned channel run which started broadcasting in 1995 under a 30-year state concession. According to the covenant, iTV had to include news and information no less than 70% of its total airtime. However, this pressing condition made it difficult for iTV to sustain as a for-profit business entity because, with the program structure dominated with news and information, the station hardly met its revenue target. Soon after the 1997 economic crisis in which Thailand was harshly hit, iTV underwent massive debt restructuring. Nation Multimedia Group, a major news and publishing company and shareholder, pulled out and was replaced by Shin Corporation, a telecommunications conglomerate owned by the family of Thaksin Shinawatra, who was elected prime minister in 2001. Under Shin Corporation, iTV was granted permission by an arbitration panel to increase the amount of entertainment programming and pay a significantly reduced amount of annual licensing fee in 2004. The case was contested in Thailand's Central Administrative Court, but iTV restructured its programming anyway to include more entertainment programs and less news. This move was criticized as an act against its original spirit of public news station. iTV was also harshly criticized for its biased coverage in favor of Thaksin government, particularly when the government encountered fierce public scrutiny surrounding the sales of Shin Corporation to Temasek Holdings and its aftermath which eventually led to the 2006 Thai coup d'état. === iTV becomes TITV === In June 2006, the Administrative Court ruled that iTV's move to change its programming structure ran against conditions stated in the covenant and ruled that iTV pay fines and reduced concession fee illegitimately granted by the arbitration panel amounting to 94 billion Baht. The ruling practically put iTV into bankruptcy. The concession was later repealed and iTV and its airwave were returned to state possession during the Surayud administration, which renamed the station TITV, but continued programming provided by the former iTV. === Creation of Thai PBS === The Surayud administration formed a task force headed by Somkiat Tangkijvanich to conduct a possibility study to transform iTV into a fully public-financed television station. This effort resulted in the proposal of Public Broadcasting Service Act, in which legal measures were put in place to protect the new TV station against both political and commercial influence. According to the PBS Act, the new public TV station, called TPBS (Thai Public Broadcasting Service), receives financial support derived from sin taxes to ensure its financial independence and to protect itself against any possible business links. The organization is designed such that autonomy and immunity to any intervention from politicians or state power are ensured. The required establishment of aViewers Committee would also help guarantee accountability and the quality of programs that reflects demands from viewers. The creation of Thai PBS was controversial, because it displaced the privately run iTV. The announcement that iTV was to be shut down and replaced by the commercial-free TPBS in accordance with the Public Broadcasting Service Act was made with no prior announcement. Approximately 800 employees of the former TITV were uncertain of their jobs. All of TITV's old programming was pulled from the air and, during a two-week interim period, programming was provided by the Public Relations Department's Television of Thailand, and mainly consisted of tributes to Princess Galyani Vadhana, who had died on January 2, 2008. === Switchover === * At night of 14/1, at 23:40, the program is cut off and replaced by the live program, for a few minutes, until 23:58, it is replaced by ident in black-and-white for 2 minutes, later the EBU colorbars with TITV logo and beep. * Later at 4:30, logo is removed. Also the beep is removed. Later played the speech in English about global warming with Thai subtitles played on signal. Then it's fixed at 5:05 and replaced by beep again. * At 5:56, the temporary version of TPBS is aired to 23:30 until 18/1, and the official version of TPBS starts airing. === Broadcasting commences === New programming by TPBS commenced on February 1, 2008, consisting of documentaries and children's programs, commissioned by the Public Relations Department. Broadcast hours were originally from 4:30 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. daily, later 11:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., and later 5:00 a.m. to midnight. with five to six hours of news programs. Most of the production staff for TPBS has come from the ranks of former iTV/TITV crew. The status of around 300 for iTV/TITV journalists has been uncertain. Managing Director of Thai PBS is Thepchai Yong, a former editor of The Nation newspaper and News Director of iTV who in 2009 was awarded a Media Leadership Award by the US-based international media development NGO Internews.

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United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1968

The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1968 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 5, 1968. The delegation remained unchanged, at 21 Democrats and 17 Republicans. == Results == Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives: === District 1 === === District 2 === === District 3 === === District 4 === === District 5 === === District 6 === === District 7 === === District 8 === === District 9 === === District 10 === === District 11 === === District 12 === === District 13 === === District 14 === === District 15 === === District 16 === === District 17 === === District 18 === === District 19 === === District 20 === === District 21 === === District 22 === === District 23 === === District 24 === === District 25 === === District 26 === === District 27 === === District 28 === === District 29 === === District 30 === === District 31 === === District 32 === === District 33 === === District 34 === === District 35 === === District 36 === === District 37th === === District 38 ===

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Ouvrage Simserhof

Ouvrage Simserhof is a gros ouvrage of the Maginot Line, located near the community of Sierstal in the French département of Moselle. Simserhof is adjoined by petit ouvrage Rohrbach and gros ouvrage Schiesseck, and faces the German frontier. Located 4 km to the west of Bitche, the ouvrage derived its name from a nearby farm. It was a part of the Fortified Sector of Rohrbach. During the Battle of France in 1940, Simserhof supported its neighboring fortifications with covering artillery fire, with partial success. After the surrender of France, it was occupied by the Germans as a storage depot for torpedoes, and later resisted the American advances of late 1944. Taken by the Americans, it was briefly re-occupied by the Germans during Operation Nordwind. Following the war it was repaired for use by the French Army, but was proposed as a museum of the Maginot Line as early as the 1960s. Retained by the Ministry of Defense, Simserhof now functions as a museum, and has the most extensive visitor infrastructure of any of the preserved Maginot fortifications. == Design and construction == Initial project planning was led by Colonel Frossard. The first concept consisted of five closely spaced blocks fronted by an anti-tank ditch. The entry for the ouvrage was to be built in a ravine to the rear, with a 60 cm rail line running to a supply network farther behind the lines. The plan was rejected in July 1929 by CORF (Commission d'Organisation des Régions Fortifiées), the central planning agency for the Maginot Line. A number of objections were raised, including the amount of clear-cutting required, and an insufficient field of fire with dead ground exploitable by an attacker. The second concept envisioned two ouvrages apart, arranged for mutual support. This plan was adopted in September 1929 at the direction of Maréchal Pétain, despite increasing costs estimated at 38 million francs. Further modifications raised the projected cost to 62 million francs. Ultimately, eight combat blocks were constructed, with a single mixed entry, the principal work spanning from 1930 to 1933. The entire project ran from 1929 to 1938. By 1934 the central utility plant (usine) was in place, along with ammunition lifts and the internal railway. In 1938 the anti-tank obstacles were complete. Final costs were 118 million francs (equivalent to €30 million). Plans to provide blockhouses covering an anti-tank ditch were dropped. == Description == Simserhof was, like most Maginot fortifications, composed of a combat section and a support section. Two separate entries were provided for personnel and ammunition, with underground utilities, mess halls and barracks nearby the personnel entrance. A large "M1" magazine was provided near the munitions entrance. The combat blocks were as much as 1800 meters from the entry. The entire ouvrage was provided with a 60 cm gauge electric railway that connected the service areas with the combat blocks, and which extended outside the position to a network of similar surface railways behind the main Line. The gallery system was excavated at an average depth of below the surface. *Block 1: Artillery block with one retractable twin machine gun turret, one automatic rifle cloche (GFM), one twin machine gun embrasure, one 135mm gun embrasure and one machine gun (JM)/47mm anti-tank gun embrasure (JM/AC47). *Block 2: Infantry block with one observation cloche (VDP), one GFM cloche, one 81mm mortar cloche, one twin machine gun embrasure and one JM/AC47 embrasure. *Block 3: Infantry block with two GFM cloches, one 81mm mortar turret, one twin machine gun embrasure and one JM/AC47 embrasure. *Block 4: Artillery block with one GFM cloche, one retractable twin machine gun turrets, one twin machine gun embrasure, one JM/AC 37 embrasure and one 135mm gun embrasure. *Block 5: Artillery block with three 75 mm gun embrasures, one GFM cloche, one VDP cloche and one grenade launcher cloche (LG). *Block 6: Artillery block with three 75mm gun embrasures, one VDP cloche, one LG cloche and one GFM cloche. *Block 7: Artillery block with one 135 mm gun turret and two GFM cloches. *Block 8: Artillery block with two GFM cloches and one retractable twin 75mm gun turret. *Personnel entry: Entry block with two GFM cloches, one LG cloche and one JM/AQC47 embrasure. *Munitions entry: Entry block with two GFM cloches and one JM/AC47 embrasure. Blocks 1, 2, and 5 comprised the west wing, and 3, 4 and 6 the east. Blocks 7 and 8, with their turrets, we located between the two wings and to the rear, along with the command post. === Casemates and shelters === A series of detached casemates and infantry shelters are in the vicinity of Simserhof, including == Manning == Simserhof was garrisoned by 28 officers and 792 men of the 153rd Fortress Infantry Regiment and the 155th Position Artillery Regiment, as well as elements of the 1st, 15th and 18th Régiments du Génie. The garrison was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Bonlarron from 25 April 1940. The ouvrage was under the overall command of the French 5th Army. In times of peace, the active troops were stationed in newly built regular barracks in Légeret. When the ouvrage was on combat alert, daily life was similar to that of a warship. === 1940 === Simserhof was first garrisoned in March 1936 while still incomplete. It was reinforced with fortress troops after the Munich Agreement in September 1938 and further augmented in March 1939. On 21 August 1939 the Maginot Line was brought to a state of readiness for war. General mobilization was ordered on 2 September, and a state of war was declared the following day. Simserhof fired for the first time on 12 October, when a 75mm gun turret supported troops twelve kilometers in front of the fortified line. On 10 May 1940, Germany launched the Blitzkrieg against the West, but in front of the Maginot Line, the front remained calm. On 12 May, Simserhof responded to the bombardment of advanced French posts. On 13 June the troops of the field army in the intervals between fortifications began to withdraw towards the south. According to the plan, Simserhof would cover the withdrawal and the garrison troops would withdraw in turn after sabotaging the equipment. Simserhof provided covering fire from 15 June, but by the 16th it was apparent that the retreat was nearly impossible. Lt. Colonel Bonlarron stopped the sabotage and prepared for a siege. From 21 June the ouvrage's artillery fired to prevent German troops from advancing on its neighbor, Welschof. Simserhof was too distant to support Ouvrage Haut-Poirier, and the position surrendered on the 22nd. The same day the Second Armistice at Compiègne was signed, which provided for a cease-fire from the 25th. One the 24th the situation at Welschoff had declined, and the ouvrage surrendered. The same day, Simserhof protected Rohrbach against German attack, firing approximately 13,500 shells in defense of its neighbor. The fate of the garrisons under the armistice terms remained ambiguous. The Germans tried to negotiate with the ouvrages but were rebuffed each time, as the commanders of the ouvrages awaited orders from their superiors. On 30 June, at a meeting at Grand-Hohekirkel, Lt. Colonel Simon brought the ouvrage commanders the order to relinquish their fortifications to the victors. On June 30 Simserhof formally surrendered and the Germans rendered honors to the garrison. Maintenance was continued by French technicians, and the ouvrage was used by the Germans as a storage facility for torpedoes. === 1944 === At the end of November 1944 the U.S. Seventh Army under General Alexander Patch pursued the Germans. Simserhof was occupied by elements of the German 25th Panzer Grenadier Division. From 15 November the U.S. 44th Infantry Division assaulted Simserhof, using tank destroyers to fire at firing apertures in block 5. Combat engineers were assigned to attack individual blocks. The Germans abandoned Simserhof by an emergency exit after booby-trapping the installations during the night of 19–20 November. The 44th Infantry yielded to the U.S. 100th Infantry Division, which occupied the ouvrage during the first days of 1945, but the German counter-offensive Operation Nordwind caused the occupiers to leave the fort. It was re-occupied on 15 March without resistance from the Germans. Bitche was finally liberated on 16 March. === Cold War === Following World War II, interest revived in the use of the Maginot Line to defend against a possible Soviet advance through southern Germany. Funds were allocated for restoration of the gros ouvrages, but work was limited to restoration of systems and improvements to existing armament, with work completed by 1953. In 1951, Simserhof had been designated part of the Mòle de Bitche, a strong point in the northeastern defenses against Soviet attack. By the late 1950s interest in fixed fortifications was waning after France developed a nuclear deterrent. The money needed to maintain and upgrade the fortifications was diverted for the nuclear programs. Simserhof was proposed as a potential museum in the 1960s. == Preservation == Simserhof remains the property of the French Ministry of Defense. Its museum operations are managed by the Moselle département and the city of Bitche. Restoration work is ongoing. Simserhof has an extensive array of visitor services, including a gift shop, picnic area and café. The tour is limited to the entry, caserne and magazine, excluding the combat blocks.

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British Columbia recall and initiative referendum, 1991

The British Columbia Recall and Initiative Referendum was a referendum held in British Columbia on October 17, 1991. It was concurrent with that year's general election. The referendum posed two questions. They were on whether elected officials should be able to be recalled and whether voters should be given a citizen's initiative. Both questions were decisively approved with over 80% of the electorate voting yes to both questions. == Lead up == British Columbia has had several referendums in its history. A previous bill, the Direct Legislation Act, was passed by the Oliver government in 1919. the Direct Democracy Act was given royal assent in March of that year, but was never proclaimed. A similar statute was struck down by the Manitoba Court of Appeals later that year. These combined to leave the BC law in legislative limbo until it was removed in a 1924 statute consolidation. A promise to hold referendums was included in the British Columbia Social Credit Party (Socred) government's speech from the throne in April 1990. In preparation, the Socreds had invited two experts from California familiar with recall and initiative to their annual convention. Appropriate legislation was introduced on July 5, 1990. The two questions were: A: Should the voters be given the right, by legislation, to vote between elections for the removal of their member of the Legislative Assembly? B: Should the voters be given the right, by legislation, to propose questions that the Government of British Columbia must submit to voters by referendum? Both of the questions were announced by Premier Rita Johnston during a news conference on September 5, 1991, although by then they were an open secret. NDP leader Mike Harcourt criticized the timing, saying that the Socreds had moved too slowly in launching the proposals. Liberal leader Gordon Wilson also criticized the referendum, saying that it was intended to divert attention away from the scandal-plagued Socreds. In response, Johnston said she could not comment on either timing or structure for the proposals because they would be decided after the referendum. The referendum was run by Attorney-General Russ Fraser. The total cost was 1.7 million dollars. The cost includes information pamphlets, advertising, toll-free information telephone lines, and costs related to running the referendum. The referendum also got caught up in the campaign going on at the same time. Both Premier Johnston and British Columbia New Democratic Party (NDP) leader Harcourt announced that they would be voting yes in the referendum. == Results == There was overwhelming support for both questions. Support was over 80% of yes votes for both questions. However, more than nine percent of ballots for question A were rejected, and more than eleven percent were rejected for question B. Turnout was slightly less than that in the general election. == Aftermath == British Columbia's legislation made a referendum binding only on the government that called it. As the Socreds had been defeated, the incoming NDP government was not required to enable recall and initiative. Nevertheless, Premier-elect Mike Harcourt announced that his government would be bound by the results. As a consequence, the Recall and Initiative Act was passed and entered into force on February 24, 1995. In 1998, MLA Paul Reitsma resigned his seat when it appeared that a recall petition would be successful and he could be the first person ever recalled under the legislation.

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Maggie LePique

Maggie LePique (January 29, 1964? - ), born Margaret LePique, is a popular Jazz and radio program host in Los Angeles, California. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Maggie first became well known as a Modern Jazz DJ on Kansas City's KCUR-FM, NPR 89.3 during the 1980s. Spinning modern sounds primarily of Kansas City Jazz and Bebop across the midwest Plains, she pulled in many famous and well-known listeners of the Jazz Masters fame. With the disarming ability to find and feature many of the original Modern Jazz pioneers on her programs for surprisingly candid and informative live interviews, Maggie's front on the Bebop scene soon expanded to Los Angeles and Hollywood where she became a well-known popular advocate and friend to many of the original creators of this unique American art form. During the 1990s, while making her presence literally across the Los Angeles commercial AM and FM radio dials as a LA traffic reporter, she received the coveted LA Broadcaster's Award for her succinct and breathless live coverage of the Los Angeles riots of 1992. During this period also, Maggie was a frequent contributor to the famous LA DJ, the Real Don Steele's popular radio program on Los Angeles's KRTH-FM(K-Earth 101). Engaging in quick witted banter, and with an on-your-toes, street-smarts agility in her delivery, she delighted LA listeners on many occasions when she held the Real Don Steele in stitches laughing, literally unable to continue with his program. This memorable association lasted several years until she returned to the podium of her power, American Modern Music. As Music Director for Los Angeles's KPFK-FM 90.7, Pacifica Radio, Maggie's return has taken on new dimensions and meaning. Besides Jazz, World music has entered her musical vocabulary and she hosted KPFK's popular Global Village show on Mondays from 2003-2009. She remains a strong voice on KPFK Radio hosting special radio programs including tributes to John Lennon on his 70th Birthday (A 12 hour broadcast with special guests Jackson Browne, Jim Ladd (KLOS Radio)and John Densmore (original drummer for The Doors) and most recently Bob Dylan's 70th birthday May 2011.

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Joe Kelly (Australian rules footballer)

Joe Kelly (7 June 1907 – 17 June 1998) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League before becoming a coach. Kelly was a left footed wingman with considerable pace and played 137 games for Carlton between 1926 and 1934. He began his coaching career in 1937 with Footscray where he took over from Syd Coventry mid-season. The following year he led the club to their first ever finals appearance, finishing the home and away season in third position. He moved to South Melbourne in 1941 and in 1942 led them all the way to the Preliminary Final where they went down to eventual premiers Essendon.

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James Brody

James Brody (July 13, 1941 – April 11, 2010) was an American composer, born in Clearfield, Pennsylvania. Frank J. Oteri of the American Music Center's New Music Box called Brody "an important figure in the development of electronic music in the Midwest". He studied with Franz Kamin at Indiana University, under the Greek composer Iannis Xenakis, where he received a master's degree. Brody wrote the liner notes for the original Nonesuch LP of Iannis Xenakis – Electroacoustic Music. He taught composition, theory and electronic music at East Texas State University and was a lecturer at York College of Pennsylvania from 2005-2007. He also served on the Harrisburg Symphony Orchestra's Board of Directors. Brody was a guest composer at the Electronic and Computer Music Studio of the Peabody Institute and a member and past president of the Baltimore Composers Forum. He hosted a radio program on KUNM-FM in Albuquerque, NM called Other Voices, Other Sounds. He was co-founder of music organizations in Bloomington, Indiana and San Antonio, Texas, dedicated to presenting and performing works by local composers. James Brody died in a car crash in Roseville, Minnesota, along with fellow composer Franz Kamin.

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United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1966

The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1966 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 8, 1966. Republicans gained three seats from the Democrats. == Results == Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives: === District 1 === === District 2 === === District 3 === === District 4 === === District 5 === === District 6 === === District 7 === === District 8 === === District 9 === === District 10 === === District 11 === === District 12 === === District 13 === === District 14 === === District 15 === === District 16 === === District 17 === === District 18 === === District 19 === === District 20 === === District 21 === === District 22 === === District 23 === === District 24 === === District 25 === === District 26 === === District 27 === === District 28 === === District 29 === === District 30 === === District 31 === === District 32 === === District 33 === === District 34 === === District 35 === === District 36 === === District 37 === === District 38 ===

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That's Enough of That

That's Enough of That is the debut album of American country music artist Mila Mason. It was released in 1996 (see 1996 in country music) on Atlantic Records Nashville. It was produced by Blake Mevis. The album produced three hit singles, all three of which charted both the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and the Canadian RPM country charts. "That's Enough of That", the first, reached number 18 in the US and number 30 in Canada. "Dark Horse" was originally recorded by its co-writer, Amanda Marshall, on her self-titled debut album. Her version was a number 12 on the RPM Top Singles charts in 1996, while Mason's version was a number 21 country hit in the US and number 12 country hit in Canada. "That's the Kinda Love (That I'm Talkin' About)", the final single, was number 59 in the US and 66 in Canada. == Track listing == #"That's What I Call Love" (Mickey Cates, Tommy Lee James) – 3:35 #"Hot to Molly" (Raymond Faulknor, Blake Lasater, Ed Lasater) – 3:21 #"Tonight I Know I Will" (Daniele Alexander, Gary Scruggs) – 3:23 #"That's Enough of That" (Randy Albright, Mark D. Sanders, Lisa Silver) – 2:44 #"I Don't Need a Man to Live With" (Alexander, Karl Hasten) – 2:53 #"Heart Without a Past" (Bob DiPiero, John Scott Sherrill) – 3:27 #"That's the Kinda Love (That I'm Talkin' About)" (Lew Bakey) – 3:31 #"Troublemaker" (Suzy Ragsdale, Verlon Thompson) – 3:00 #"I Do" (Roberta Schiller) – 2:32 #"Dark Horse" (Amanda Marshall, Dean McTaggart, David Tyson) – 4:59

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Oklahoma Office of the Chief Medical Examiner

The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) is the agency of the government of Oklahoma responsible for investigating sudden, unexpected, violent or suspicious deaths. In this capacity, OCME provides support services to State law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and public health officials. == Overview == The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner was created by the Oklahoma Legislature in 1961 but did not receive funding to become operational until 1967. The Chief Medical Examiner must be a licensed physician, trained and certified in forensic pathology. === Board of Medicolegal Investigations === The Board of Medicolegal Investigations is responsible for governing the operations of OCME and for setting policy which the Chief Medical Examiner executes. It is the responsibility of the Board to appoint and dismiss the Chief Medical Examiner. All members of the Board receive no compensation for their services. *The Director of the State Bureau of Investigation *The State Commissioner of Health *The Dean of the College of Medicine of the University of Oklahoma *The President or Dean of the Oklahoma State University - Center for Health Sciences *The President of the Oklahoma Bar Association *The President of the Oklahoma Osteopathic Association *The President of the Oklahoma State Medical Association *A funeral director appointed by the Oklahoma State Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors === Administration === The Board appoints a Chief Medical Examiner, who is the chief executive of the OCME. == Powers and Duties == Under Oklahoma statute, deaths of the types listed below must be reported to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. The Office has the authority to further investigate for the benefit of the public health, as funding, staffing, facilities, and other regulations allow. * Violent deaths, whether apparently homicidal, suicidal or accidental including but not limited to deaths due to thermal, chemical, electrical or radiational injury and deaths due to criminal abortions, whether self-induced or not. * Deaths under suspicious, unusual or unnatural means. * Deaths related to disease which might constitute a threat to public health. * Deaths unattended by a licensed physician (D.O. or M.D.) for fatal or potentially fatal illness. * Deaths of persons after unexplained coma. * Deaths that are medically unexpected and that occur during a therapeutic procedure. * Deaths of any inmate occurring in any place of penal incarceration. * Deaths of persons whose bodies are to be cremated, buried at sea, transported out of state or otherwise made ultimately unavailable for pathological study. == Finance and Staff == The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner was authorized a budget of $6.2 million for State fiscal year 2012. The Oklahoma Legislature authorized the agency to employ 77 FTE positions for that period.

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Jean-Louis Prévost

Jean-Louis Prévost (May 12, 1838 - September 12, 1927) was a Swiss neurologist and physiologist who was a native of Geneva. He studied at Zurich, Berlin and Vienna, and in 1864 became an interne in Paris under Alfred Vulpian (1826–1887). After earning his medical doctorate at Paris in 1868, he returned to his hometown of Geneva, where he maintained a laboratory with Augustus Volney Waller (1816–1870). In 1876 he became a professor of therapy at the University of Geneva, and in 1897 succeeded Moritz Schiff (1823–1896) as professor of physiology, a position he held until 1913. Two of his better known students at Geneva were Joseph Jules Dejerine (1849–1917) and Paul Charles Dubois (1848–1918). Prévost is credited with introducing modern medical physiological practices at Geneva, and was the author of over sixty books and articles. While still a student, he co-authored with Jules Cotard (1840–1887), a work on cerebral softening called Etudes physiologiques et pathologiques sur le ramollissment cérébral. With Jacques-Louis Reverdin (1848–1929) and Constant-Edouard Picot (1844–1931), he founded the journal Revue médicale de la Suisse.

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Gus Russo

Gus G. Russo (born 1950) was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He is a Mafia and John F. Kennedy assassination researcher who was part of a team of researchers that worked on the 1993 Frontline Lee Harvey Oswald documentary, "Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?," for PBS. Russo also wrote the book, Live By the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK, that was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1998. He has also written books about the Chicago Outfit and mob lawyer Sidney Korshak. In The Outfit, Russo points out that while the Mafia is responsible for heinous crimes, they aren't the only "business" that engages in destructive and illegal activities. The Mafia's "upper world" counterparts, big business, has been responsible for many crimes themselves (White collar crime) and have escaped punishment and still operate without being prosecuted. == Russo's books == Gus Russo is also the author of Brothers In Arms, about the Kennedys and the Castros and continues themes developed in Live by the Sword.

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Music of the World Cup: Allez! Ola! Ole!

Music of the World Cup: Allez! Ola! Ole! is an album with various artists, released on 9 June 1998 as the official music album for 1998 FIFA World Cup in France.

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2003 in chess

Events in chess in 2003: == Deaths == *February 4 – Jaroslav Šajtar (1921–2003), 81, Czech Grandmaster and FIDE vice chairman. *May 10 – Milan Vukcevich (1937–2003), 66, Yugoslav/American International Master, Grandmaster of Chess Composition, and scientist. *May 11 – Luděk Pachman (1924–2003), 78, Czech Grandmaster, chess writer, and political activist. *May 16 – Bogdan Śliwa (1922–2003), 81, Polish Grandmaster. *June 24 – Russ Chauvenet (1920–2003), 83, American International Master, chess writer, U.S. deaf champion. *July 11 – Ken Whyld (1926–2003), 77, British chess writer and researcher. *August 31 - Péter Székely (1955–2003), 48, Hungarian Grandmaster. *October 31 – Antonio Medina (1919–2003), 84, International Master, many time Spanish Champion. *December 20 – Denis Barry (1929–2003), 74, American chess organizer and President of the USCF. *December 28 – Frank Parr (1918–2003), 85, English chess player.

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The Strong One

The Strong One is the second studio album by American country music artist Mila Mason, released in 1998 (see 1998 in country music) on Atlantic Records Nashville. Like her debut album, it was produced by Blake Mevis. Her second and final album for the label, it produced two minor chart hits on both the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts and the Canadian RPM Top Country Tracks charts. The first, "Closer to Heaven", was a #31 in the US and #45 in Canada, while "The Strong One" was a #57 in the US and a #30 in Canada. The third single, "This Heart", failed to chart in either country, and by the end of 1998, Mason had exited Atlantic. "Let Me Cry" was co-written by Buffy Lawson, who founded the country duo Bomshel in 2004. == Track listing == #"This Heart" (Al Anderson, Robert Ellis Orrall) – 3:53 #"Closer to Heaven" (Bill Luther, Aimee Mayo) – 4:19 #"The Strong One" (Byron Hill, Cyril Rawson) – 3:39 #"Don't Maybe Me" (Kimberlye Gold, Holly Lamar) – 3:02 #"Let Me Cry" (Buffy Lawson, Tony Marty) – 4:18 #"Bossa' My Heart" (Chapin Hartford) – 3:15 #"One Thing Led to Another" (Don Pfrimmer, Lindy Gravelle) – 3:17 #"You and Only You" (Kostas, Wally Wilson) – 3:24 #"10 Lb. Heart" (Nick Pellegrino, Kenya Walker) – 4:00 #"Blood Simple" (Susan Longacre, Rick Giles) – 3:36

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Greenbrier East High School

Greenbrier East High School is a school in Fairlea, West Virginia that serves grades 9 through 12 and is a part of Greenbrier County Schools. Greenbrier East High School is located on Spartan Lane, just off US 219 near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Although not within pleasant walking distance of Lewisburg, the school has a Lewisburg mailing address. The school has 1,220 students enrolled (as of 2012-2013), and over 75 faculty members.

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The Vanishing Private

The Vanishing Private is a 1942 animated cartoon by the Walt Disney Studios, starring Donald Duck in the World War II years. == Plot == Donald Duck is doing some camouflage painting on a cannon with yellow, green, and red stripes which symbols the flag of Lithuania with black dots. Sergeant Pete sees it and scolds Donald, claiming that anyone could recognize it. Peter demands Donald to re-paint the gun to make it "hard to see". Obliging to the sergeant's orders, Donald walks off to the "Experimental Laboratory: Camouflage Corps" disregarding the 'keep out' sign ("It didn't say 'positively' ", says Donald) and walks in. He finds some "invisible paint", which he tests with his finger and uses to paint the cannon. When Pete arrives, he is shocked to see that the cannon is gone, believing it to be stolen. But it is not stolen as the sergeant finds out the hard way by bonking his head in the underside of the cannon and discovering Donald inside. Angered that Donald painted the cannon too invisible to look, Pete blows hard into one end of the barrel, sending Donald into the bucket of invisible paint. When Donald runs away from Pete, the latter finds out Donald has become invisible seeing Donald's footprints on the ground. Donald swims across a lake and the invisible paint doesn't come off. Pete continues to chase Donald through a field of flowers, searching through the flowers, until he accidentally throws the flowers on Donald revealing his outline. Pete spots Donald and tries to catch him but Donald gets away again. The flowers give Pete an idea to find Donald. When the General drives up, Pete's antics, including jumping around a tree while singing "Here We Go Round The Mulberry Bush" and throwing flowers, convinces the General that he is acting odd, especially after Pete asks the General "did you see a little guy that you can't see?" and the invisible Donald puts a cactus down Pete's pants, making Pete screaming in pain and jump around like a madman and the General wonders what is up with Pete. Donald is running around a kitchen and then sees some pies in the window and Donald takes a pie and eats it. Pete then notices this and Donald throws the pie in Pete's face. Donald is skipping a rope, angering Pete, so he chases Donald around a tank. Donald then trips Pete, sending him literally under the grass, under some soldiers, and out again into the arsenal facility, where he gets hold of several grenades and begins blowing things up to stop Donald, literally on the warpath, starting with a pine tree that literally flies into the air and floats down. The General seeing this gets scared when Pete runs towards him and the frightened General hides behind a nearby power pole. The General tries to reassure Pete and stop his rampage, but when Donald pokes Pete in the rear with the General's sword, the startled sergeant jumps into the air and onto the General releasing all of the grenades that land on Pete and the General, injuring them in the explosion. Later, Pete is locked up in a padded cell, wearing a straitjacket and chains, as he is declared insane by the army for his actions. He pleads to Donald (who is on guard duty and no longer invisible) to tell the General of his sanity, but Donald refuses, asking Pete "Do you think I'M crazy?" and whistles "The Army's Not the Army Anymore".

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Oklahoma Indigent Defense System

The Oklahoma Indigent Defense System is the system in Oklahoma that provides trial, appellate, and post-conviction criminal defense services to persons judicially determined to be entitled to legal counsel at expense to the state. The Oklahoma Indigent Defense System was created by and is responsible for implementing the Oklahoma Indigent Defense Act. == Board of directors == The system is governed by the Oklahoma Indigent Defense System Board. The Board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma for staggered five-year terms with the advice and consent of the Oklahoma Senate. At least three members of the Board be licensed attorneys with criminal defense experience. The Governor designates one member as the Chair of the Board. No congressional district or county may be represented by more than one member on the Board. === Current Board members === * Rod Wiemer - Chair **Term ending: July 1, 2013 *Don G. Pope **term ending: July 1, 2012 *Dennis N. Shook **Term ending: July 1, 2011 *Jake Jones, III - Vice Chair **Term ending: July 1, 2010 *Randolph S. Meacham **Term ending: June 30, 2014

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Enumclaw High School

Enumclaw High School is a public secondary school in Enumclaw, Washington. The school serves about 1700 students from Enumclaw as well as local unincorporated regions of King County and cities such as Black Diamond and Greenwater. == Athletics == Enumclaw High School sports teams compete in the SPSL 3A division, under the auspices of the WIAA. The school's mascot is the Hornet; its colors are maroon and gold; and its rival school's team is the White River High School Hornets. 2008 and 2009 2011 and 2012 STATE WRESTLING CHAMPIONS 3A. The 2010 Boys Basketball team went on a 27–0 run before losing in the championship game to Union High School (Camas, Washington) by one point in the last 10 seconds of the game because of a controversial foul called sending a Union guard to the line. == Theatre == Enumclaw High School's theatre department operates at a high standard. The 5th Avenue theatre in downtown Seattle holds a 'High School Theatre' Awards show every year, much like the Tony Awards for Broadway. They award things such as 'Best Overall Musical Production,' and 'Best Performance By A Chorus' all the way through 'Best Costumes' and 'Best Program Design' to high school shows all over the western Washington area. In the 2006–2007 school year, Enumclaw High School's Theatre Department received three nominations from the 5th Avenue for their production of 'Chicago.' Those nominations were in the categories of 'Outstanding Orchestra,' 'Best Performance by a Small Ensemble—Cell Block Girls,' and 'Best Choreography.' A cast member commented, "The experience was one I will remember for the rest of my life." == Musicals == * 2006 – Bye Bye Birdie – Starring Chase Rockwood * 2007 – Chicago * 2008 – It's A Bird, It's A Plane, It's Superman! The Musical * 2009 – Titanic: The Musical * 2010 – Peter Pan * 2010 – Sweeney Todd * 2011 – The Drowsy Chaperone * 2012 – Les Misérables * 2013 – Legally Blonde == Notable alumni == *T.R. Bryden, Former MLB player (California Angels) *Kasey Kahne ('99), NASCAR driver *Brian Scalabrine ('96), Chicago Bulls basketball player and NBA Champion with the Boston Celtics (2008) *Ryan Henry Ward Noted Seattle muralist

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Claire Malis

Claire Malis (February 17, 1943 – August 24, 2012) was an American actress. In later years she was often credited as Claire Malis Callaway. Malis was perhaps best known as the second actress to play Dr. Dorian Lord on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live from 1977 to 1979. She appeared in the 1980 television series From Here to Eternity as Dr. Anne Brewster. The 13-episode series continued the story of the 1979 miniseries of the same name. Malis went on to guest star on numerous drama and comedy TV series and multiple films. Between 1983 and 1988 Malis portrayed Rose Polniaczek, mother of series regular Jo, in six episodes of the NBC sitcom The Facts of Life. == Death == Malis suffered from non-Hodgkin lymphoma but recovered through a stem cell transplant administered at City of Hope Helford Clinical Research Hospital in Duarte, California in 2010. She died of congestive heart failure and pneumonia on August 24, 2012 at City of Hope. She was 69. She is survived by her husband, architectural and interior designer Thomas Callaway; their son Catlin; and her brother Lee.

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Safe at Home (TV series)

Safe at Home is an American situation comedy airing in the mid-1980s on the then Superstation WTBS. The series premiered on March 18, 1985 and was produced by The Arthur Company, which also produced WTBS' two other original comedies of the time, Down to Earth and Rocky Road. == Plot == Initially, the show focused on Caroline Ford, a young woman who moves away from her mom and dad to join her older brother in Chicago. Martha Nix originally played Caroline for season 1 and was replaced by Katherine Britton. Her brother Dan Ford, played by Michael J Cutt, worked as a sports anchor for a news broadcast along with his on-air sidekick, Tatum McCoy (played by Jeanna Michaels). In later episodes, they developed a relationship and eventually married. In fact, the series began focusing more on their relationship. Michael J. Cutt originally did not get top billing in the series credits, however when they replaced the character of Caroline, he became the star of the show. Other cast changes were made throughout the series run. Besides changing the lead actress in the series after the first season, Gary Hudson originally played Dan's friend Roger. He left the series shortly after and was replaced by Vic Dunlop, who played Dokey in season 2. Vic Dunlop left the following season and although both the characters of Dokey and Roger were mentioned from time to time, they were never seen again. Richard Steven Horvitz played Gary, who was the nephew of the station's owner where the newscast took place. He worked for the newscast. He left midway through the final season. James Coburn was added to the cast during the final season as Caroline's love interest. One other notable cast member was Brenda Lynn Klemme, who played Amy, the ditzy best friend of Caroline.

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Jesse Santana

Jesse Santana, born May 8, 1986) is an American pornographic actor who has appeared in gay pornography; both in pornographic films and online at commercial amateur porn websites. Born in Texas, he lived in Mayfield, Kentucky, from the age of 7, and graduated from Graves County High School in 2004. He attended Murray State University, then transferred to University of North Texas in 2006. As of 2011, he also goes under the alias "Kyle Santana". == Career == Santana started his porn career in December 2005 with Camsondemand's Hearland's Boys 3 and 4 but his popularity increased when in June 2006 he became a model for the popular amateur jock/straight gay website, Corbinfisher.com under the name of "Jesse". This stint with Corbin Fisher eventually led to his film debut with Chi Chi LaRue's Knob Bobbin'. He has done several videos for Channel 1 Releasing and Falcon along with Eon, HIS and Odyssey Men. This eventually led him to one of the first dual exclusive contracts in history of porn (copying Blake Riley exclusive to Randyblue.com and Channel 1/Rascal Video) with Jet Set Men and CockyBoys.com. For 2008, he was recently nominated for 8 GayVN Awards, 3 for the Best Group Scene (Little League 3, Barnstorm and Fraternity Gang Bang 2), 1 for Best Newcomer, Best Sex Scene (Beach House Diaries), Best Supporting Actor (On Fire!), Best Threesome (Just Add Water) and Performer of the Year. In March 2012, having won a regional competition in Los Angeles, Santana was awarded top honors at the International Escort Awards (also known as "the Hookies") as "Mr. International Escort 2012"; he also tied in the "Best Body" category. == Awards ==

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The Last of the Crazy People

The Last of the Crazy People is the first novel of Canadian author Timothy Findley. It was published in 1967, in Britain, and later on in Canada, and was one of the first novels ever to be labelled as Southern Ontario Gothic. The novel tells the story of a well-to-do Ontarian family in the 1960s, whose future becomes uncertain when Jessica (the wife/mother) gives birth to a stillborn and returns home only to become hostile to the rest of the family, and to imprison herself in her own room. The family is put under even more stress as Gilbert, the elder son, begins to act out in drunken outbursts and questionable behavior in public. The yelling and arguing in the house only helps to reinforce the family's reputation as 'crazy'. As the few fine threads holding the family together quickly deteriorate over the summer, Hooker is left mostly in the dark as to why this is happening to them. Left to mostly his own devices, he must come to his own terrifying conclusion as to what must be done about it. == Main characters == Hooker Winslow - Hooker, the novel's protagonist, is the youngest member of the Winslow family. Hooker has no friends and spends a lot of his time properly burying the mice, birds and other animals killed by his cats. The rest of it he spends either alone, or with his caretaker Iris. He is trying to hold his family together. Gilbert Winslow - Gilbert, Hooker's older brother, is a 22 year-old prep school drop-out who lives in the family library, and spends most of his time drinking, smoking and talking even though no one listens to him. Jessica Winslow - Hooker and Gilbert's mother, she is a volatile recluse who irrationally despises her children and motherhood after giving birth to a dead child. Nicholas Winslow - Hooker and Gilbert's father, Nicholas (or 'Nicky' as he is often called) is a Toronto businessman who has all but resigned to let everything in the Winslow household continue as is. He is a rather ineffectual man, who refuses to exercise his authority as a father and husband. Rosetta Winslow - Nicholas' spinster sister, Rosetta dotes over her brother and is the de facto authority figure in the house. She spends most of her time in her office, surrounded by photos of dead relatives. Iris Browne - The family servant, Iris is Hooker's caretaker and principal companion. Having been with the family for roughly thirty years, she was also Gilbert's caretaker when he was a child. She has a complex relationship with these two, while to the rest of the family it seems, she is only the help. This two-layer connection to the family allows her character to transcend the divide between the 'normal' outside world, and the 'crazy' world of the Winslow household. == Cinema == The novel was adapted to the cinema by Laurent Achard who was awarded the Best Director prize at the Locarno International Film Festival in 2006 for that film. == Cultural references == The cat in the novel is named Little Bones, which is also the title of a popular song by Canadian band The Tragically Hip.

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Moiety title

Moiety title is legal term describing a portion other than a whole of ownership of property. The word derives from Old French moitié, "half" (the word has the same meaning in modern French), from Latin medietas ("middle"), from medius. In English law, the term is used in parsing aspects of ownership and liability in all forms of property. In the Australian system of land title, the term is typically applied to maisonettes or attached cottages whereby the owner owns a share of the total land on the title and leases a certain portion of the land back for themselves from the other owner(s). Some finance institutions do not offer loans for properties on moiety titles as security. == Real estate == Moiety is a Middle English word for one of two equal parts under the feudal system. Thus on the death of a feudal baron with only two daughters as heiresses, a moiety of his fiefdom would generally pass to each daughter, to be held by her husband. This would involve the division of the barony, generally consisting of several manors, into two groups of manors, which division would presumably be effected by negotiation between the two parties concerned. Such was the case in the barony of Newmarch, the caput or chief manor of which was at North Cadbury, Somerset, when James de Newmarch died in 1216. Such a division into moieties was unnecessary when a noble died with surviving male issue (including grandsons or great-grandsons via the male-only line), with instead the applicable default principle being that of primogeniture. == Offices of state == Not only landholdings but also the holding of offices of state could devolve by moiety. In the Royal Court of the United Kingdom, one moiety of the ancient office of Lord Great Chamberlain is a hereditary office of the Cholmondeley family. This hereditary office came into the Cholmondeley family through the marriage of the first Marquess of Cholmondeley to Lady Georgiana Charlotte Bertie, daughter of Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven. The second, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh holders of the marquessate have all held this office.

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Becoming (TV series)

Becoming was a reality show produced by MTV where the concept of the show was to have a randomly picked fan of an artist reproduce a music video by the artist (based on submissions). The show was also broadcast on Canadian TV station MuchMusic. The show was parodied by Canadian punk-rock band Not by Choice in the video for "Now That You Are Leaving".

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Qingyun Ma

Qingyun Ma (; born 1965) is a Chinese architect. Born in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, Ma received a bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering in Architecture from Tsinghua University in Beijing. He studied architecture at the Graduate School of Fine Art at the University of Pennsylvania. In New York, he worked for several years at the firm Kohn Pedersen Fox. Also he became close to Rem Koolhaas on the first Harvard Project on the City, which he organized resulting in the book The Great Leap Forward. In 1996, Ma founded MADA s.p.a.m. The architectural firm has to date built over 1,204,000 square meters. In 2000, MADA s.p.a.m. formally established itself in Beijing, moving to Shanghai the following year. Included amongst MADA s.p.a.m's works are Qingpu Community Island in Shanghai, the Centennial TV and Radio Center in Xi'an, and Tianyi Square in Ningbo. Ma taught architecture in China at Shenzhen University, Tongji University, and Nanjing University; in Europe at the Berlage, the ETH, the Ecole Speciale d'Architecture in Paris and in Germany; and in the United States at Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Columbia University. In October 2006, Ma became the Dean of the University of Southern California School of Architecture. Ma acted as the curator for the 2007 Shenzhen & Hong Kong Bi-city Biennale of Urbanism\Architecture.

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List of career achievements by Brett Favre

This is a list of career achievements by former NFL quarterback Brett Favre. He owns a number of NFL records including passing yards (71,838), pass completions (6,300), pass attempts (10,169), pass interceptions (336), starts by a player (298), and wins by a starting quarterback (186). At the time of his retirement, he owned or shared over 200 NFL records and still owns or shares over 110. He also has achieved a number of firsts including being the only quarterback to have won three consecutive NFL MVP awards and the only quarterback to win a playoff game over the age of forty. Favre's legacy may be best known for his consecutive starts streak of 297 games (321 including playoffs) which is widely considered one of the most notable streaks in sports, so much so that the Pro Football Hall of Fame has as an exhibit displaying the jersey Favre wore during his record breaking 117th consecutive start as a quarterback, and a section of their website devoted to what the Hall of Fame calls an "Iron man". Favre considers the consecutive starts feat to be the record he is most proud of. Favre also owns a number of Green Bay Packers and Lambeau Field records. == Career statistics == === College === ==== Post season ==== Favre 15-26, 157 yards, 1 touchdown, 0 interceptions Favre 28-39, 341 yards, 2 touchdowns, 1 interception Favre was named MVP of the 1990 All American Bowl, despite losing to NC State. Brett Favre was named the MVP of the 1991 Shrine Game === Professional === ==== Won-lost record ==== Note: Favre played in four other games in which he did not start. Although not credited with a win or loss as a starter in those games, his team's record in those games were 2-2. With Atlanta his team was 1-1 (W-LA Rams; L-Washington). With Green Bay his team was 1-1 (W-Cincinnati; L-Tampa Bay) for an overall regular season won-loss record of 188-114 (201-125 including playoffs) in games he participated in. == Career accomplishments == === NFL milestones === ==== NFL records ==== ===== Passing touchdowns ===== *Most consecutive regular season plus post season road games, 1+ touchdown passes: 34 *Most touchdown passes, regular season plus post season, against a single opponent, career: 61 vs. Detroit Lions ===== Passing yards ===== *Most seasons, 3,000+ passing yards: 18 *Most consecutive seasons, 3,000+ passing yards: 18 *Most seasons, 2,500+ passing yards: 19 *Most consecutive seasons, 2,500+ passing yards: 19 *Most regular season games, 100+ passing yards, career: 290 *Most passing yards at one stadium, career: 28,240 (Lambeau Field) *Oldest player to pass for 400 yards in a game: 41 years, 28 days *Most passing yards, 40+ years old, game: 446 *Most passing yards, regular season, against a single opponent, career: 8,954 vs. Detroit Lions ===== Pass completions ===== *Most seasons, 300+ completions: 18 *Most consecutive seasons, 300+ completions: 18 *Most seasons, 200+ completions: 19 *Most consecutive seasons, 200+ completions: 19 *Most regular season games, pass completions, career: 299 *Most consecutive games, pass completions, career: 298 *Most pass completions, regular season, against a single opponent, career: 775 vs. Detroit Lions *Most seasons, 60+ completion %: 14 (tied with Peyton Manning) *Most seasons, 55+ completion %: 19 ===== Pass attempts ===== *Most seasons, 500+ pass attempts: 16 *Most consecutive seasons, 500+ pass attempts: 10 *Most seasons, 400+ pass attempts: 18 *Most consecutive seasons, 400+ pass attempts: 18 *Most seasons, 300+ pass attempts: 19 *Most consecutive seasons, 300+ pass attempts: 19 *Most regular season games, 30+ pass attempts, career: 211 *Most regular season games, pass attempts, career: 301 *Most consecutive games, pass attempts, career: 301 *Most pass attempts, regular season, against a single opponent, career: 1,217 vs. Detroit Lions ===== Passing interceptions ===== *Most regular season games, 2+ touchdown passes, 0 interceptions, career: 74 *Most regular season games, 1+ touchdown passes, 0 interceptions, career: 98 (tied with Tom Brady) *Most post season pass interceptions, career: 30 *Most post season games, 75+ completion %, 0 interceptions, career: 2 (tied with Tony Eason, Joe Montana, Kurt Warner, Drew Brees) *Most post season games, 70+ completion %, 0 interceptions, career: 3 (tied with Joe Montana, Troy Aikman, Steve Young, Drew Brees) ===== Starts/games played ===== *Most starts by a player, career: 298 (322 including post season) *Most consecutive starts by a player, career: 297 (321 including post season) ===== Wins ===== *Most regular season wins by a starting quarterback, one team, career: 160 (Green Bay) *Most regular season home wins by a starting quarterback, career: 113 *Most regular season home wins by a starting quarterback, one team, career: 96 (Green Bay: Lambeau Field, 89; Milwaukee County Stadium, 7) *Most stadiums achieved victory, regular season, career: 33 *Most NFL teams achieved victory, regular season, career: 32 (tied with Peyton Manning) *Most regular season wins by a starting quarterback 40+ years old, career: 17 *Most game winning drives, Monday: 4 (tied with several players) *Most home game winning drives, career: 33 *Most home 4th quarter/overtime comebacks, career: 24 *Most consecutive wins, regular and post season, by a starting quarterback in one stadium, career: 29, Lambeau Field, 1995–1998 *Most wins by a starting quarterback, cold weather (34 degrees fahrenheit or colder), career: 43 (record: 43–9 0.827) *Most consecutive wins by a starting quarterback, cold weather (34 degrees fahrenheit or colder), career: 35 (29, regular season; 6, post season) *Most consecutive wins by a starting quarterback, cold weather (34 degrees fahrenheit or colder) to begin a career: 35 (29, regular season; 6, post season) *Most wins by a starting quarterback against a single opponent, career: 28, Detroit Lions (26 regular season; 2 post season; 19-0 in home games)

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Occupancy grid mapping

Occupancy Grid Mapping refers to a family of computer algorithms in probabilistic robotics for mobile robots which address the problem of generating maps from noisy and uncertain sensor measurement data, with the assumption that the robot pose is known. The basic idea of the occupancy grid is to represent a map of the environment as an evenly spaced field of binary random variables each representing the presence of an obstacle at that location in the environment. Occupancy grid algorithms compute approximate posterior estimates for these random variables. == Algorithm outline == There are four major components of occupancy grid mapping approach. They are: * Interpretation, * Integration, * Position estimation, and * Exploration. == Occupancy grid mapping algorithm == The goal of an occupancy mapping algorithm is to estimate the posterior probability over maps given the data: p(m\mid z_{1:t}, x_{1:t}), where m is the map, z_{1:t} is the set of measurements from time 1 to t, and x_{1:t} is the set of robot poses from time 1 to t. The controls and odometry data play no part in the occupancy grid mapping algorithm since the path is assumed known. Occupancy grid algorithms represent the map m as a fine-grained grid over the continuous space of locations in the environment. The most common type of occupancy grid maps are 2d maps that describe a slice of the 3d world. If we let m_i denote the grid cell with index i (often in 2d maps, two indices are used to represent the two dimensions), then the notation p(m_i) represents the probability that cell i is occupied. The computational problem with estimating the posterior p(m\mid z_{1:t}, x_{1:t}) is the dimensionality of the problem: if the map contains 10,000 grid cells (a relatively small map), then the number of possible maps that can be represented by this gridding is 2^{10,000}. Thus calculating a posterior probability for all such maps is infeasible. The standard approach, then, is to break the problem down into smaller problems of estimating p(m_i\mid z_{1:t}, x_{1:t}) for all grid cells m_i. Each of these estimation problems is then a binary problem. This breakdown is convenient but does lose some of the structure of the problem, since it does not enable modelling dependencies between neighboring cells. Instead, the posterior of a map is approximated by factoring it into p(m\mid z_{1:t}, x_{1:t}) = \prod_i p(m_i\mid z_{1:t}, x_{1:t}). Due to this factorization, a binary Bayes filter can be used to estimate the occupancy probability for each grid cell. It is common to use a log-odds representation of the probability that each grid cell is occupied.

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2004 in chess

Events in chess in 2004: == Deaths == *April 30 – Kazimierz Plater (1915–2004), 89, Polish International Master and several time Polish champion. *August 3 – Bryon Nickoloff (1956–2004), 48, Canadian International Master. *August 22 – Konstantin Aseev (1960–2004), 43, Russian Grandmaster and trainer. *September 18 – Michael Valvo (1942–2004), 62, American International Master. *December 28 – Charles Bent (1919–2004), 85, English endgame study composer.

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Charging argument

In computer science, a charging argument is used to compare the output of an optimization algorithm to an optimal solution. It is typically used to show that an algorithm produces optimal results by proving the existence of a particular injective function. For profit maximization problems, the function can be any one-to-one mapping from elements of an optimal solution to elements of the algorithm's output. For cost minimization problems, the function can be any one-to-one mapping from elements of the algorithm's output to elements of an optimal solution. == Correctness == In order for an algorithm to optimally solve a profit maximization problem, the algorithm must produce an output that has as much profit as the optimal solution for every possible input. Let |A(I)| denote the profit of the algorithm's output given an input I, and let |OPT(I)| denote the profit of an optimal solution for I. If an injective function h : OPT(I) → A(I) exists, it follows that |OPT(I)| ≤ |A(I)|. Since the optimal solution has the greatest profit attainable, this means that the output given by the algorithm is just as profitable as the optimal solution, and so the algorithm is optimal. The correctness of the charging argument for a cost minimization problem is symmetric. If |A(I)| and |OPT(I)| denote the cost of the algorithm's output and optimal solution respectively, then the existence of an injective function h : A(I) → OPT(I) would mean that |A(I)| ≤ |OPT(I)|. Since the optimal solution has the lowest cost, and the cost of the algorithm is the same as the cost of the optimal solution of the minimization problem, then the algorithm also optimally solves the problem. == Variations == Charging arguments can also be used to show approximation results. In particular, it can be used to show that an algorithm is an n-approximation to an optimization problem. Instead of showing that an algorithm produces outputs with the same value of profit or cost as the optimal solution, show that it attains that value within a factor of n. Rather than proving the existence of a one-to-one function, the charging argument focuses on proving that an n-to-one function exists in order to prove approximation results. == Examples == === Interval Scheduling Problem === Given a set of n intervals I = {I1, I2, ... , In}, where each interval Ii ∈ I has a starting time si and a finishing time fi, where si < fi, the goal is to find a maximal subset of mutually compatible intervals in I. Here, two intervals Ij and Ik are said to be compatible if they do not overlap, in that sj < fj ≤ sk < fk. Consider the earliest finish time greedy algorithm, described as follows: * Begin with an empty set of intervals. * Sort the intervals in I by ascending finishing times. * Consider each interval in I in sorted order. Add the interval into the set if it does not conflict with intervals already contained in the set. Otherwise, disregard the interval. The interval scheduling problem can be viewed as a profit maximization problem, where the number of intervals in the mutually compatible subset is the profit. The charging argument can be used to show that the earliest finish time algorithm is optimal for the interval scheduling problem. Given a set of intervals I = {I1, I2, ... , In}, let OPT(I) be any optimal solution of the interval scheduling problem, and let EFT(I) be the solution of the earliest finishing time algorithm. For any interval J ∈ OPT(I), define h(J) as the interval J' ∈ EFT(I) that intersects J with the earliest finishing time amongst all intervals in EFT(I) intersecting J. To show that the earliest finish time algorithm is optimal using the charging argument, h must be shown to be a one-to-one function mapping intervals in OPT(I) to those in EFT(I). Suppose J is an arbitrary interval in OPT(I). Show that h is a function mapping OPT(I) to EFT(I). Show that h is one-to-one. Therefore, h is a one-to-one function mapping intervals in OPT(I) to those in EFT(I). By the charging argument, the earliest finishing time algorithm is optimal. === Job Interval Scheduling Problem === Consider the job interval scheduling problem, an NP-hard variant of the interval scheduling problem visited earlier. As before, the goal is to find a maximal subset of mutually compatible intervals in a given set of n intervals, I = {I1, I2, ... , In}. Each interval Ii ∈ I has a starting time si, a finishing time fi, and a job class ci. Here, two intervals Ij and Ik are said to be compatible if they do not overlap and have different classes. Recall the earliest finishing time algorithm from the previous example. After modifying the definition of compatibility in the algorithm, the charging argument can be used to show that the earliest finish time algorithm is a 2-approximation algorithm for the job interval scheduling problem. Let OPT(I) and EFT(I) denote the optimal solution and the solution produced by the earliest finishing time algorithm, as earlier defined. For any interval J ∈ OPT(I), define h as follows: To show that the earliest finish time algorithm is a 2-approximation algorithm using the charging argument, h must be shown to be a two-to-one function mapping intervals in OPT(I) to those in EFT(I). Suppose J is an arbitrary interval in OPT(I). Show that h is a function mapping OPT(I) to EFT(I). Show that h is two-to-one. Therefore, h maps no more than two distinct intervals in OPT(I) to the same interval in EFT(I), and so h is two-to-one. By the charging argument, the earliest finishing time algorithm is a two-approximation algorithm for the job interval scheduling problem.

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Roger Kluge

Roger Kluge (born 5 February 1986 in Eisenhüttenstadt) is a German professional racing cyclist for UCI Professional Continental Team . Kluge left at the end of the 2013 season, and joined for the 2014 season. == Career highlights ==

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Sky Trooper

Sky Trooper is a 1942 animated cartoon by Walt Disney Studios starring Donald Duck during the World War II years. It was directed by Jack King based on a script by Carl Barks. == Plot == Donald Duck is in trouble and is peeling potatoes. He wants desperately to fly, so he cuts a potato to look like an airplane. He threw it, and it caught Sergeant Black Pete's cap and brought it back to Donald, like a boomerang. Donald cuts it, thinking that it is a potato. When the sergeant comes in, he finds his cap cut in airplane shapes and found out about Donald's ambition to fly. Donald is forced to peel tons more potatoes, but is promised the opportunity to fly after he cuts them all. After cutting all the potatoes, Donald reports to the Flight Sergeant's office and manages to fail all the equilibrium-finding exercises that the Sergeant comes up with, and when the Sergeant told him to "pin the tail on that airplane", Donald obliges after walking on the outside ledge of the building (on the third floor), knocking over a huge vase. Donald made his way back in, sticking the pin on the startled Sergeant, who falls all three stories. The Sergeant gives Donald the chance to fly, albeit as a parachute troop. Donald, duped, went along for the ride, and is surprised to find himself several thousand feet above the ground. Donald and the Sergeant fight, until both tumble out of the plane, but not before the Sergeant grabs a bomb to try to stay on, and it came away with them. On the way down, the two try to give the bomb to each other, until their fight is ended by their crashing into the General's Headquarters. The clip ends with the Sergeant and Donald, both with a cast on their leg and arm, respectively, and peeling potatoes. When Donald tells Pete "Boy, was that, sir, some surprise.", Pete tells Donald "Ah, SHUT UP!" and puts a potato on Donald's bill silencing Donald, much to Donald's chagrin as he mutters to himself as the cartoon closes.

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Adrian Toma

Adrian Toma Oprea (born 5 January 1976 in Focşani, Vrancea, Romania) is a Romanian football player, last playing for CSM Focșani as a right defender.

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Jersey Express S.C.

Jersey Express is an American team based in Newark, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 2007, the team plays in the USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, in the Mid Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference. Prior to the 2011 season the team was known as Newark Ironbound Express. The team plays its home games at Lubetkin Field on the campus of the New Jersey Institute of Technology, where they have played since 2008. The team's colors are white and Emerald and Gold. The team also fields a team in the USL's Super-20 League, a league for players 17 to 20 years of age run under the United Soccer Leagues umbrella.and Teams from Ages 10–18 boys and girls Under National Soccer Academy . == History == Newark Ironbound Express entered the PDL in 2007. The senior Express team began life in the PDL with a bang with a 4–1 opening day victory over fellow expansion team New Jersey Rangers that featured a brace from former New York Red Bull and current Haitian international Jerrod Laventure. Ironbound were consistent all year long, enjoying several impressive victories over much more established sides, notably a 3–0 over Ottawa Fury in early June (in which Ted Niziolek scored a hat trick), a 4–0 win on the road against Ocean City Barons (which featured a Laventure hat-trick), a dominant 3–1 win over 2007's unbeatable Hampton Roads Piranhas, and a battling 4–2 triumph over Virginia Legacy. By the time the final weekend rolled around, they were still in with a shot at a place in the Eastern Conference playoffs: they enjoyed overpowering 6–2 demolition of Westchester Flames, in which Chris Karcz netted three times, and were fortunate to make the playoffs ahead of Ottawa Fury, who had an exactly equal record, but lost out on head-to-head results. Unfortunately, Ironbound's trip to the playoff was a short one as they fell 4–2 first time out to eventual Conference champions Reading Rage, but for a young side in their debut season there was much to applaud. Chris Karcz and Jerrod Laventure were monsters in front of goal, scoring 10 and 9 goals respectively. In October 2009 the team Owner Mr. Joe Branco Hired Mr. Gali Maimon as new General manager of the organization. The team formally rebranded as Jersey Express on January 6, 2011. == Players == === Current roster === As of June 8, 2011. === Notable former players === This list of notable former players comprises players who went on to play professional soccer after playing for the team in the Premier Development League, or those who previously played professionally before joining the team. * Frank Alesci * Gary Boughton * Tomer Chencinski * Dilly Duka * Neal Kitson * Derby Carrillo * Ryan Meara * Gordon Kljestan * Aviv Volnerman * David Topolski == Honors == * USL PDL Eastern Conference Champions 2014 * USL PDL Mid-Atlantic Division Champions 2014 == Stadia == * Lubetkin Field at New Jersey Institute of Technology; Newark, New Jersey (2008–present) * Stadium at Holmdel High School; Holmdel Township, New Jersey 1 game (2010) * Stadium at Raritan High School; Hazlet, New Jersey 2 games (2011) == Average attendance == Attendance stats are calculated by averaging each team's self-reported home attendances from the historical match archive at http://www.uslsoccer.com/history/index_E.html. * 2008: 328 * 2009: 219 * 2010: 378 * 2011: 389 * 2012: 411 * 2013: 422 * 2014: 452

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Nalambalam

'Nalambalam' is a set of four Hindu temples in Kerala. In malayalam, Nalu means four and Ambalam means Temple. These are the temples for the Rama brothers of Ramayana. == Nalambalam Yatra == Nalambalam Yatra begins from the Rama temple in Triprayar and ends up at Shatrughna Temple in Payyammal. It is customary to visit the four temples in the order Rama, Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna respectively. A pilgrimage to these temples on a single day during the holy month of Karkkidakam believed to shower blessings and ensure prosperity. Starting from Thripprayar and ending in Payammel, through Irinjalakuda and Moozhikulam. == Thriprayar Sreerama Temple == Thriprayar Temple houses a 6 ft tall idol of the Lord, holding Shankha', Sudarsanachakra, Stick and Garland, in a very ferocious form facing east. He is seen in standing posture. Vedi Vazhipadu and Meenoottu are the main offerings. The temple is under the control of Cochin Devaswom Board, an autonomous body. This temple observes SETHUBANDHANAM in every year in "Thiruvonam" day of Malayalam month "Kanni". The only place in earth wehere SETHUBANDHAN occurs in every year, in memory of those in RAMAYAN, is at Sree Raman Chira Chemmappilly. Chemmappilly is a nearby place to Thriprayar, 2 Kilometres apart from the temple. Whole arrangements are done by Thriprayar Devaswam.The temple is closed early after performing "Deeparadhana" and "Athazhapooja" (Evening and night poojas). At a time the early closin of Sreeramaswamy Temple is done only in two occasions in a year. One is for "Sreeraman chirakettu" (ie.Sethubandhanam)and another is "Arattupuzha Devmela" Thriprayar is in the middle of Guruvayoor – Kodungallore route . Those who want to come via Trichur should reach Cherpu and proceed went wards to reach the east nada of the temple . Here is the famous Rama temple. This is the first temple to visit as part of Nalambalam Pilgrimage. Darshan is possible from 3am – 12.30pm and 5pm to 7.30pm . Meenuttu and Vedi are important Vazipadu. == Koodalmanikyam Temple, Irinjalakuda == Koodalmanikyam Temple is the only temple in India dedicated to the worship of Bharata, the second brother of Rama.Koodalmanikyam Temple houses another 6 ft tall idol of the Lord, seen in ferocious form, facing east, in standing posture holding the same things as seen at Triprayar. This is one of the rare temples where only one idol is there. The temple has a private devaswom. This is a unique Vaishnava Temple and the second temple to visit. From Triprayar proceed in the Kodungallore route and divert from Edamuttam or Moonnupeedika. Irinjalakuda is about 20 km away from Triprayar. Darshan is possible from 3am – 12 noon, and 5pm to 8pm . Important Vazhipatus are Thamaramala, Brinjal Nivedyam, Vedi, Gheelamp, Meeunttu. == Muzhikkulam Sree Lakshmana Perumal Temple == Thirumuzhikkulam Lakshmana Perumal Temple is the only temple in Ernakulam District, and the only one among the four temples, which belong to the 108 Divya Desams, praised by Azhwars. The temple houses another 6 ft tall idol, similar to the idol at Triprayar, holding Shankha, Sudarsana chakra, Mace and Lotus, in standing posture, facing east. Moozhikkulam Temple is the third temple to visit and is dedicated to Lakshmana. This is in Ernakulam District near to famous Annamanada Mahadeva temple proceed alongs Vellankallore in Irinjalakuda route to Kodungallore and reach Mala, Annamanada and then Muzhikkulam . Darshan is possible from 4 to 11.00 and 5 to 8 . == Payammal Sree Shathruknha swaamee Temple == Payammal Sree Shathruknha swaamee Temple is the smallest temple, having the smallest idol, also similar to that at Triprayar. This is the way to praise them: First, we have to worship Hanuman. Then worship Rama at Triprayar during his nirmalyadarsanam. Then worship Bharata at Koodalmanikyam and Lakshmana at Moozhikkulam during their Usha Poojas. Then worship Shatrughna at Payammal during his Ucha Pooja.S This is the last temple to visit. Reach Vellangallore and proceed went wards 4 km to reach Aripalam. Take right turn and reach the temple . Important Vazhipadu is Sudarshanan dedication . Darshan time is as given along temples. == How to reach == Thriprayar By Road: Triprayar is freely accessible by road from Thrissur(25 km) and Guruvayoor.(24) By Rail: Thrissur.(25) Guruvayoor.(24) ByAir: Kochi 60 km. Irinjalakuda By Road: Irinjalakuda is freely accessible by road from Thrissur(22 km) By Rail:Irinjalakuda( 9 km) By Air: Kochi 46 km Moozhikulam By Road:Near Angamaly in Ernakulam district. The temple is around 50 km south of Thrissur town. By Rail: Angamali-8.7 km By Air: Kochi15km Payammel By Road: 8 km away from Irinjalakuda, 4 km away from Mathilakm. By Rail: Irinjalakuda 15 km By Air: Kochi 45 km

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Vajiralongkorn Dam

Vajiralongkorn Dam, formerly named the Khao Laem Dam, is a concrete-face rock-fill dam (CFRD) in Thong Pha Phum district in Kanchanaburi, Thailand. The dam lies across the Khwae Noi River (River Kwai) and was renamed Vajiralongkorn Dam after Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn on July 13, 2001. Vajiralongkorn Dam is Thailand's first CFRD and supplies a 300 MW hydroelectric power station with water. == Construction == Dam construction began in 1979 and took five years to complete. Its reservoir started filling with water in June, 1984. Three 100MW hydropower generators came on line in October and December, 1984 and February 1985 respectively. The reservoir created by the dam has a maximum storage capacity of 8,860 million cubic meters covering a total catchment area of 3,720 square kilometers. Average runoff into the reservoir is approximately 5,500 million cubic meters per year.

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Vietnam Airlines Flight 815

Vietnam Airlines Flight 815 was a scheduled Vietnam Airlines flight from Ho Chi Minh City to Phnom Penh's Pochentong Airport. The Tupolev Tu-134B-3 aircraft (built in 1984) crashed on final approach approximately 800 meters (0.5 mi) short of the runway, killing 65 of the 66 persons on board. The aircraft was entirely destroyed. == Accident == Flight 815 departed Saigon around 1 o'clock in the afternoon for the 45-minute flight to Phnom Penh. The aircraft was approaching the Phnom Penh airport from the east in heavy rain. According to acting airport director and investigating committee chief Sok Sambour, the plane was supposed to be flying at 14,000 feet (4,300 meters) when it began its approach, but was at 10,000 feet (3,000 meters) when it reached the range of Pochentong's Non-Directional Beacon. The airport previously had a VOR/DME located on station, but it had been looted the previous July. Because of this pilots had to use the NDB located 5 km west in order to get a general fix of the area, and had to keep descending until they could make visual contact with the airfield in inclement weather. As a result, the frequency of aborted landings had increased over the rainy season. The runway lights had also been looted, but were reportedly replaced and illuminated at the time. Once in range of the NDB, the pilot asked the control tower for permission to land at 5,000 feet (1,500 meters). The control tower agreed, but requested the pilot remind the control tower often of its approach, due to the heavy weather. However, when the plane approached the airport it was at 3,000 feet (900 meters) when the pilot again asked for permission to land, stating that he could not find the runway. The pilot was given permission to drop to 2,000 feet (600 meters) and was told to keep in contact. After a moment the control tower inquired if the pilot had found the runway, to which the pilot replied that he could not see the runway. The control tower then informed the pilot that the wind direction was changing. The pilot was on an eastern approach to runway 23; the tower requested that the pilot instead approach runway 5 from the west. Continuing on the eastern approach would cause the pilot to attempt to land downwind. The pilot acknowledged the request, and had no further contact with the control tower. Two minutes later, Flight 815 was spotted still approaching from the east. The plane kept descending until it was 200 feet (60 meters) above the ground. The cockpit voice recorder showed at that time the first officer, Hoang Van Dinh, asked the captain, Pham Van Tieu, to pull up and abort the landing, as they still did not have visual of the runway. The captain said he would wait a little. The plane descended to 100 feet (30 meters), still with no visual of the runway, at which point the first officer and the flight engineer again asked the captain to abort the landing. It was too late, however; four seconds later the left wing of the plane struck a palm tree. At that time they were not in line with the runway, having veered left across the military side of the airport. Striking the tree caused one engine to stop. The right wing skimmed across a house. The plane tilted to the left and hit the ground at 270 kph (168 mph). Eyewitnesses state that flames began to spew out of the plane's tail after it struck the tree. One witness states he saw an emergency door open and could see passengers crowded at the door, but none jumped before the airplane struck the ground. The aircraft then slid through several dry rice paddies before exploding at around 1:40 pm. == Passengers and Crew == The 22 Taiwanese nationals were mostly coming for business. Two or three were planning to be married. Ho Suicheng planned to wed his fiancee, Cambodian Khuth Linda, the following day. Khuth identified Ho's body the day after the crash, and went through the wedding ceremony with his photograph. She attended his funeral the following day. Of the 21 Koreans, six were part of a medical team donating equipment to Phnom Penh University. There was a four person family including a priest, as well as two children of Korean embassy staff. The three Cambodians were Kham Kassara, Ly Hong and Ngoun Bopha. The Australian citizen was Li Hieng, who was born in Cambodia and moved to Adelaide in 1993. He was the director of the Miss London garment factory in Kampong Cham. The UK national, Peter Wright, was the director of Apex Dalat, a garment manufacturer in Vietnam's central highlands. == Survivors == Five people were still alive after the crash and were taken to the hospital. Only two survived; 14-month-old Chanayuth Nim-anong from Thailand suffered broken legs and four-year-old Vu Hung Thinh of Vietnam received head wounds. One of them later died, bringing the total fatalities from the crash to 65. == Wreckage and Recovery == The plane skimmed the top of a house and damaged it before landing on an oxcart road. One wing decapitated two cows. Initial looting of the scene was done by military and police. Once the bodies were removed, villagers looted much of the remaining personal belongings and parts of the aircraft. Cambodia's government offered a reward for the return of the missing flight recorders. The three flight recorders, one for audio, one for flight data, and one for stand-by, were obtained from the villagers for US$10, $200, and $1500. == Investigation == There was some debate between the airline and Phnom Penh officials over who was to blame. The airline argued that the navigational equipment at the airport was out of order and the Phnom Penh control tower gave the pilots incorrect information prior to takeoff. However, the report by Cambodia's Aircraft Accident Investigation Committee put the blame solely on pilot error. The report concluded that the principal factors were * the captain did not follow the instructions of the approach controller in the control tower and he made the decision to continue to descend in very bad weather * the captain ignored the advice of his first officer and flight engineer * the captain's insistence in engaging the auto pilot even after passing the minimum height at which one should decide whether or not to land * the captain's impulsive actions to continue his approach in the conditions revealed "his psychological unreadiness to abort the landing and go around" Examinations of the aircraft and records determined that there was no mechanical problem and all maintenance was up to date. The crew all had valid licenses and medical certificates.

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Jack Parry (English footballer)

Jack Parry (born 29 July 1931 Derby, England) is an English footballer who spent 20 seasons of his career with Derby County. Parry came from a Derby football family. One brother, Ray, played for Bolton Wanderers and England, while another Glyn, was on Derby County's staff and Cyril played for Notts County. Like Geoff Barrowcliffe and Albert Mays, Parry might have made a bigger name in football had he moved to a more successful club. A scheming inside-forward, Parry played for Derby County from 1949 to 1965, playing a total of 517 games (a club record until Kevin Hector overtook it) and scoring 105 goals in League football. He later played for Boston United In Third Division North, 1955–56, Parry had a prolific season scoring 24 goals in 34 leagues games, however his season was ended by injury (Ray de Gruchy foul, leaving Parry with a back injury) in the key clash with Grimsby Town, watched by 33,330 at the Baseball Ground. The following season, 1956–57, Parry established himself at wing-half and club captain. Parry's wit made him a popular member of the dressing-room and once Ralph Hann was treating him in a match. Fearing concussion, Hann asked him where he was. "I'm at Wembley, we're beating Brazil 2-0 and I've scored both." Parry replied. Statistics. 5th - Most Appearances for the club (517) 9th - Most goals for the club (110)

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Yemeni detainees at Guantanamo Bay

The United States were holding a total of 112 Yemeni citizen at Guantanamo Bay. By January 2008 the Yemenis in Guantanamo represented the largest group of detainees. On March 12, 2008 Mark Falkoff of the Center for Constitutional Rights issued a call for the repatriation of the Yemeni detainees, reporting that 95 Yemenis remained in detention, and they now constituted more than a third of the detainee population. Falkoff wrote that the delay in his release is due to a failure of the USA and Yemeni governments to reach an agreement on the security arrangements for the detainees, following their repatriation. By contrast, almost all the 133 Saudi detainees in Guantanamo had been sent home in 2006 and 2007. A delegation of Yemeni officials visited Guantanamo shortly after it opened in January 2002. __TOC__ == Impact of Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's alleged attempted suicide bombing == On December 25, 2009, Nigerian Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab allegedly tried to set off a suicide bomb on Northwest Airlines Flight 253. By December 27, 2009, responding to rumors that Abdulmutallab had confessed to being trained and equipped in Yemen, various American politicians, including Joe Lieberman, Pete Hoekstra, Peter T. King and Bennie Thompson, called for American President Barack Obama to halt plans to repatriate the Yemenis. == Repatriated detainees == Several returned Yemeni detainees were charged and stood trial, following their repatriation. Yemen established a special Criminal Court for Terrorism where their trials took place. On June 7, 2008 the Yemeni site Al Sahwa Net reported that negotiations were advanced for the repatration of approximately seventy Yemeni detainees. On June 7, 2008 Yemen Online reported that several Yemeni detainees had recently been allowed to their first phone calls to their families. The article also reported that "informed sources" said Stephan Seche, the American ambassador had returned to the USA to brief the Bush Presidency on Yemen's rehabilitation program for repatriated detainees. == Secret terms in the US-Yemeni repatriation negotiations == An article published in the Yemen Post on November 13, 2012, reported on secret terms in the US-Yemeni repatriation negotiations. Yemen recently had a change in administration. Officials of the new administration said, "Saleh demanded $200 million in return for receiving the Yemeni detainees, but the US offered him only $20 million. The two sides could not reach an agreement to release the detainees by then."

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Doru Buican

Doru Claudiu Buican (born 17 June 1982 in Romania) is a Romanian football defender who plays for the Romanian Liga I team CSU Voinţa Sibiu. == Career == In July 2006, he was transferred to UTA Arad, in the Romanian first division. However, he never appeared in the Arad line-up until the next season, when UTA was relegated. He played for the Arad outfit for the first half of the season 2008-09 in Liga II, but in February 2009 he became free agent because UTA did not paid his wages and subsequently signed with the Liga I club Gaz Metan Mediaş. In August 2009, he was loaned back to his old club UTA Arad for the 2009-2010 season.

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Svitlana Halyuk

Svitlana Halyuk (; born November 19, 1987) is a Ukrainian professional racing cyclist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's team pursuit for the national team.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Galloway (Latin Dioecesis Candidae Casae o Gallovidianus) is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. The diocese of Galloway had broken allegiance with Rome in 1560, and disappeared in 1689. It was resurrected by the Roman Catholic Church on March 4, 1878, and is now based in the town of Ayr. The present bishop of the diocese is the Right Reverend John Cunningham. == Past and present ordinaries == The following is a list of the modern Bishops of Galloway: * John McLachlan (appointed 22 March 1878 – died 16 January 1893) * William Turner (appointed 16 June 1893 – died 19 January 1914) * James William McCarthy (appointed 25 May 1914 – died 24 December 1943) * William Henry Mellon (succeeded 24 December 1943 – died 2 February 1952) * Joseph Michael McGee (appointed 19 July 1952 – retired 4 April 1981) * Maurice Taylor (appointed 4 April 1981 – retired 7 April 2004) * John Cunningham (current bishop, appointed 7 April 2004)

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Lin Jian Hui

Lin Jianhui (also known as Eric Lim) (; born August 11, 1982), is a Malaysian singer, who got his break at the Astro Talent Quest (Astro 新秀大赛) competition in 2001 when he emerged as the champion of the competition. == Album == *2005 – 左边 *2006 – 右边 *2009 – 我听见有人叫你宝贝 *2012 – 好流氓

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Eriogonum gracillimum

Eriogonum gracillimum is a species of wild buckwheat known by the common name rose and white buckwheat. It is endemic to California but is common and widespread in many areas there. This is a spindly annual herb reaching anywhere from 5 to 50 centimeters in height. Most of the leaves are basal with a few scattered on the thin branched stem and are generally one to four centimeters long and somewhat woolly, with edges rolled under. Along the thread-thin branches of the stem appear small clusters of flowers which hang on short stalks in bell-shaped involucres. The two-millimeter-wide flowers are bright rose and white in color.

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Christopher Wrench

Christopher Wrench (born 1958 in Brisbane, Australia) is an organist and lecturer. == Education == Wrench attended Brisbane Grammar School, the Queensland Conservatorium of Music (with Nancy Weir) and undertook postgraduate studies in Vienna at the Vienna Conservatorium and then at the Hochschule für Musik (with Michael Radulescu). == Awards == Wrench won 1st Prize at the Melbourne International Festival of Organ and Harpsichord 'Bach Competition' in 1985, the Audience Price at the 1989 St Albans International Organ Festival, 2nd Prize at the Dublin International Organ Competition in 1989 & 1990, and First Prize at the 1992 Carl Nielsen International Music Competition. == Career == Wrench returned to Australia in 1991 where he became Lecturer in Organ at the Queensland Conservatorium. He appears regularly as a recitalist throughout Australia and Europe and has performed as soloist with the Adelaide Chamber Orchestra, the Australian Chamber Orchestra, the Queensland Philharmonic Orchestra, Queensland Symphony Orchestra, the Queensland Youth Symphony Orchestra, and the Canberra Symphony Orchestra. Wrench was Director of Music at Christ Church, Vienna (1986–89) and at St. Mary's Anglican Church, Kangaroo Point in Brisbane from 1994-2012. In 2013 he was appointed Director of Music at Christ Church, St Lucia in Brisbane. == Discography == *2012: Joy to the World (Christmas at the Sydney Town Hall); Move Records *2009: J.S. Bach Organ Sonatas, BWV 525–530, Garnisons Kirke, Copenhagen; Melba Recordings *2000: One Two One (20th Century Music for Trumpet & Organ); Move Records

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1928–29 Boston Bruins season

The 1928–29 Boston Bruins season was the Bruins' fifth season in the NHL. Boston defended its American Division title, and went on to defeat the New York Rangers in the Final to become the third American-based team to become Stanley Cup champions. == Regular season == In the off-season, the Bruins acquired Cy Denneny from the Ottawa Senators, who became a player-coach for the team, taking over from Art Ross, who stepped down to concentrate on his general manager duties. The team also had a new goaltender with the retirement of Hal Winkler, rookie Tiny Thompson, who spent the 1927–28 season with the Bruins' farm team, the Minneapolis Millers of the AHA, and a promising new forward, Cooney Weiland, who also played with Minneapolis. The team also moved into a new home, the Boston Madison Square Garden. In their debut game at the Garden, the Bruins lost 1–0 to the Montreal Canadiens. Boston got off to a slow start, and through their first 14 games, the Bruins had a record of 5–7–2, tied with the Pittsburgh Pirates. As the season progressed, Boston made a few trades, acquiring star Mickey MacKay from the Pirates and Bill Carson from the Toronto Maple Leafs. Lester Patrick and the New York Rangers offered Winthrop native Myles Lane to the Bruins, astonishingly asking for superstar Eddie Shore in return. Bruins' general manager Art Ross replied famously, "You are so many Myles from Shore you need a life preserver." Nonetheless, the Bruins purchased Lane's rights for $7,500. Further, Weiland was matched with Dit Clapper and Dutch Gainor on a powerful forward line which garnered the nickname "Dynamite Line," one of the first named forward lines in history. The Bruins rebounded with a 13 game unbeaten streak, which gave them a 16–7–4 record and suddenly in contention with the New York Rangers for top spot in the American Division. Boston had a 10–6–1 record in their remaining 17 games, and held off the Rangers to defend their American Division and the Prince of Wales Trophy, finishing with a 26–13–5 mark and a team record 57 points. Harry Oliver led Boston in scoring, with 17 goals and 23 points. Dutch Gainor and defenseman Eddie Shore finished just behind Oliver with 19 points, while rookie Cooney Weiland tallied 11 goals and 18 points. Shore led the club with 96 penalty minutes, while team captain Lionel Hitchman finished with 64 penalty minutes. In goal, Tiny Thompson had an impressive rookie season, winning 26 games while posting a 1.15 goals against average—both Bruins' records, as well as recording 12 shutouts. Thompson's 1.15 GAA remains the Bruins' single-season record and is the second lowest ever recorded over a full season in NHL history. === Final standings === == Playoffs == In the playoffs, Boston had a first round bye, due to finishing on top of the American Division, and faced the Montreal Canadiens, the winners of the Canadian Division, in the semi-finals in a best-of-five series. The series began with two games at the Boston Garden, and the Bruins, led by Tiny Thompson, won both games by identical 1–0 scores to take a 2–0 series lead. Game Three shifted to Montreal, and while the Canadiens were able to solve Thompson for two goals, Boston scored three of their own, and swept the series. In the Stanley Cup Final, Boston faced their divisional rival - and the team that eliminated them from the playoffs the previous season - the New York Rangers in a best-of-three series. New York had defeated the Detroit Cougars and the Toronto Maple Leafs to earn a spot in the Final. Game One was played in Boston, and Thompson again shut the door, as the Bruins won the game 2–0. Boston completed the two game sweep at Madison Square Garden in New York City, defeating the Rangers 2–1, to clinch the first Stanley Cup in team history and making them the third American team to win the Cup championship. == Player statistics == == Transactions == * Traded Frank Fredrickson to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Mickey MacKay. * Sold Nobby Clark and the rights to Billy Coutu to New Haven (Can-Am), January 5, 1928. * Purchased Bill Carson from Toronto Maple Leafs for $25,000, January 25, 1929. * Traded Eric Pettinger to Toronto Maple Leafs with the rights to Hugh Plaxton for the rights to George Owen, January 29, 1929. * Purchased Myles Lane from New York Rangers for $7,500.

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Jiang Ying (musician)

Jiang Ying (; August 11, 1919 – February 5, 2012) was a Chinese opera singer and music teacher. == Family == Jiang was of mixed Chinese and Japanese descent. She was the third daughter of Jiang Baili, a leading military strategist of Chiang Kai-shek, and his Japanese wife, . Jiang was a cousin of the novelist Jin Yong who also came from Haining. In 1945 in Shanghai,Jiang married famous rocket scientist and engineer Qian Xuesen, who co-founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the United States and later led the space program of the People's Republic of China. == Biography == In 1936 Jiang went to Europe with her father and studied music in Berlin. Jiang graduated from Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin in 1941. When World War II in Europe broke out, Jiang had to move and further studied opera in neutral Switzerland. Jiang graduated from Musikhochschule Luzern in 1944. Jiang went back to China (at that time the Republic of China) and first performed in Shanghai May 31, 1947. Jiang moved to the United States later that year. Jiang went to the People's Republic of China together with Qian in 1955 when he was deported by the U.S. government. Qian and Jiang entered China through Kowloon, Hong Kong. Jiang became a professor of music and opera, and head of the department of Western Vocal Music at the Central Conservatory of Music, Beijing. Jiang died on February 5, 2012, in Beijing.

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United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1964

The United States House of Representatives elections in California, 1964 was an election for California's delegation to the United States House of Representatives, which occurred as part of the general election of the House of Representatives on November 3, 1964. One Republican-held district and one previously Democratic-held open seat switched parties, resulting in no net change in the balance of 23 Democrats and 15 Republicans. == Separate election == On February 18, 1964, a special election was held in the . Incumbent John Shelley (D) had resigned January 7, 1964 to become Mayor of San Francisco. Phillip Burton (D) won the special election and would run again in November for the full term. == Results == Final results from the Clerk of the House of Representatives: === District 1 === === District 2 === === District 3 === === District 4 === === District 5 === === District 6 === === District 7 === === District 8 === === District 9 === === District 10 === === District 11 === === District 12 === === District 13 === === District 14 === === District 15 === === District 16 === === District 17 === === District 18 === === District 19 === === District 20 === === District 21 === === District 22 === === District 23 === === District 24 === === District 25 === === District 26 === === District 27 === === District 28 === === District 29 === === District 30 === === District 31 === === District 32 === === District 33 === === District 34 === === District 35 === === District 36 === === District 37 === === District 38 ===

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NOFV-Oberliga Mitte

The NOFV-Oberliga Mitte was the third tier of the German football league system in the central states of former East Germany and West-Berlin. The league existed from 1991 to 1994. It covered the German states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Sachsen-Anhalt. == Overview == The NOFV-Oberliga Mitte was formed in 1991 when, along with the political reunion of Germany, the former East German football league system was integrated into the German one. The abbreviation NOFV stands for Nord-Ostdeutscher Fußballverband, meaning North East German Football Association. Along with this league, two other NOFV-Oberligas were formed, the NOFV-Oberliga Nord and the NOFV-Oberliga Süd. Unlike the other two leagues who had 18 clubs, the Mitte-division started out with 20 clubs. The league was formed from clubs from six different leagues: Two clubs from the Oberliga Nordost, the former DDR-Oberliga, six clubs from the NOFV-Liga A and B, the former East German second division, one club from the Bezirksliga East-Berlin, one of the regional leagues of the old East German third league level, one from the Verbandsliga Brandenburg, a new league, and ten clubs from the Amateur-Oberliga Berlin, the West-German third division for the city of Berlin. The league accommodated therefore a wide mix of clubs from the east and west of Germany. It was also the first time since 1950 that clubs from East- and West-Berlin played in the same league. The league became one of the then ten Oberligas in the united Germany, the third tier of league football. Its champion was however not directly promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga but had to take part in a promotion play-off. The 1. FC Union Berlin, the only team ever to win the league, failed in all three attempts to win promotion. For the duration of the league the leagues below it were: * Verbandsliga Berlin * Verbandsliga Brandenburg * Verbandsliga Sachsen-Anhalt In the 1992–93, Hertha BSC II, playing in the NOFV-Oberliga Mitte, became the first third division club and the only Oberliga club so far to reach the DFB-Pokal final, losing to Bayer 04 Leverkusen 1–0. In 1994, the German football league system saw some mayor changes. The four Regionalligas were introduced as an intermitand level between 2nd Bundesliga and Oberligas, relegating the Oberligas to fourth tier from now on. In the east of Germany, the Regionalliga Nordost was formed, a league covering the area of former East Germany and West-Berlin. Six clubs from the NOFV-Oberliga Mitte were admitted to the new league: * 1. FC Union Berlin * FC Energie Cottbus * Türkiyemspor Berlin * Lok Altmark Stendal * Hertha BSC II * Hertha Zehlendorf The NOFV-Oberliga Mitte however was disbanded and its clubs, apart from the ones that went to the Regionalliga, were spread between the two remaining Oberligas in the east. Five of its clubs went to the NOFV-Oberliga Nord, four to the Süd-division. The last placed team, Frohnauer SC, was relegated to the Verbandsliga Berlin. == Placings and all-time table of the league == * ♦ denotes club played in the 2nd Bundesliga. * N denotes club played in the NOFV-Oberliga Nord. * S denotes club played in the NOFV-Oberliga Süd. * Two points for a win. == Founding members of the league == The founding members of the league in1991 were: From the Oberliga Nordost: * 1. FC Magdeburg * FC Energie Cottbus From the NOFV-Liga Staffel A: * 1. FC Union Berlin * 1. FC Lok Stendal * FSV Glückauf Brieske-Senftenberg * Rotation Berlin, became BSV Spindlersfeld, joined BSC Marzahn in 1995 From the NOFV-Liga Staffel B: * Stahl Thale, became SV Thale 04, then Stahl Thale again * Anhalt Dessau, now defunct From the Verbandsliga Brandenburg: From the Bezirksliga Berlin (East): From the Amateur-Oberliga Berlin: * Hertha BSC II * Türkiyemspor Berlin * VfB Lichterfelde, now Lichterfelder FC * Hertha Zehlendorf * Türkspor Berlin * Marathon 02 Berlin * SCC Berlin * Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin II * SC Gatow * FV Wannsee

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Blackwell, Enid and Southwestern Railway

The Blackwell, Enid and Southwestern Railway (BES) was built as a short line railroad operating in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. It was founded in March 1900 to link the Frisco Beaumont, Kansas subdivision and Vernon, Texas. When the government opened the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache Indian Reservation for settlement on August 6, 1901, Choctaw Construction Company (later part of the Bee Line Construction Company) began construction of 251 miles of track from Vernon, Texas north to Blackwell and Enid in Indian Territory. The line was built in sections, starting from Blackwell, Oklahoma to Darrow, Oklahoma (84.3 mi.) in 1900-01. Then from Darrow to the Red River (154.3 mi) in 1901-03. On July 20, 1907 the railroad was purchased by the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway (the "Frisco"), who operated it until November 21, 1980, when the Frisco was acquired by Burlington Northern. == Passenger Service == The Western Division operated the Texas Express passenger train between Enid, Oklahoma and Vernon, Texas in each direction. The timetable from the 1930s shows that southbound train 609 departed from Enid at 12:20 p.m. and arrived at Vernon at 7:45 p.m.. The northbound train 610 departed Vernon at 6:30 a.m. and arrived at Enid at 1:45 p.m. == Freight Service == The Western Division ran a freight train daily between Enid, Oklahoma and Vernon, Texas in each direction. The timetable used to operate the layout shows that southbound local 667 departed Snyder at 7:45 a.m. and arrived at Vernon at 10:40 a.m.. The northbound local 668 departed Vernon at 1:30 p.m. and arrived at Snyder at 4:45 p.m. == Geography == The line running southwest from Enid, Oklahoma to Vernon, Texas became known as the Hobart Subdivision of the Frisco's Western Division. The topography is flat prairie with a few granite outcroppings located near Snyder, Oklahoma. Another topographical feature of the Hobart Subdivision was the long timber bridge over the Red River that runs east and west between Oklahoma and Texas. The line between Enid, Oklahoma to Beaumont, Kansas traversed the central Great Plains in the heart of North America's winter wheat belt. == Current operations == Enid, Oklahoma to Frederick, Oklahoma is now Grainbelt since 1987 (177.7 mi.). The principal commodities handled by Farmrail are wheat, crude and processed gypsum, feed ingredients, crushed stone, oilfield drilling fluids, petroleum products, fertilizers and agricultural machinery. == Abandonments == Davidson, Oklahoma to Vernon, Texas - 1957 (15.32 mi.) Winfield, Kansas to Beaumont, Kansas - 1977 (42.0 mi.) Arkansas City, Kansas to Winfield, Kansas - 1982 (20.2 mi.) Enid, Oklahoma to Arkansas City, Kansas - 1982 (71.1 mi.) Davidson, Oklahoma to Frederick, Oklahoma - unknown, likely post-1982 Last train from Enid to Arkansas City 5/29/1982

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Henry R. Kenyon, Jr.

Henry Russell Kenyon, Jr., was born 4 February 1916 in Bronxville, New York, and enlisted in the United States Navy on 5 November 1940. He was discharged in 1941 to accept an appointment as Aviation Cadet and was commissioned Ensign on 4 August 1941. After undergoing advanced flight training Kenyon joined Torpedo Squadron 8 (VT-8) for duty in the Pacific. Kenyon flew as a member of that squadron from the famous aircraft carrier USS Hornet (CV-8) in the Battle of Midway on 4 June 1942. The squadron took off to attack the enemy fleet without fighter cover in the face of murderous opposition. Knowing that they had insufficient fuel to return to the carrier. Kenyon and his comrades attacked gallantly until all were shot down. Ens. Kenyon was presumed dead 5 June 1942 and was awarded the Navy Cross posthumously for his heroic actions. == Namesake == In 1943, the destroyer escort USS Henry R. Kenyon (DE-683) was named in his honor.

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All-time European Figure Skating Championships medal table

The following is the cumulative medal count for countries at the European Figure Skating Championships. It includes countries that no longer exist. == Men == European Championships 1893 (annulled by the ISU) included

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World Figure Skating Championships cumulative medal count

The following is the cumulative medal count for countries at the World Figure Skating Championships. It includes countries that no longer exist.

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