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QRQA-10310-3-flip
Eric moved to Arizona from Alaska. The higher temperatures overall mean that sound travels
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound waves travel more slowly at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10310
{ "effect_prop": "slowly sound waves", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more slowly", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "slower", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "temperatures", "more_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_effect_prop": "sound travels", "less_cause_dir": "sound travels" }
QRQA-10178-2-flip
Ollie is a rocket scientist and was testing missiles when the government cut her budget. Less missile development will likely result in _____ rockets.
{ "text": [ "worse", "better" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "rocket technologies", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "missile development" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "better", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "missile development", "more_effect_prop": "rockets", "less_effect_prop": "rockets", "less_cause_dir": "rockets" }
QRQA-10278-5
When waves in the ocean go fast there will be
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "frequency of waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10389-3
When we leave a camera shutter open for a long time what happens to the light absorbed?
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The longer the exposure, the more light that the telescope can gather to make the image.
QRSent-10389
{ "effect_prop": "light absorbed", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exposure time" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "light absorbed", "less_effect_prop": "light absorbed", "less_cause_dir": "light absorbed" }
QRQA-10088-5-flip
Greta has 15 resistors in series on her circuit, while Evan has similar 2 resistors in series on his circuit. Whose circuit has the lowest resistance?
{ "text": [ "Greta", "Evan" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Increasing the number of resistors in a series circuit increases the overall resistance of the circuit.
QRSent-10088
{ "effect_prop": "overall resistance of the circuit", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increasing", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greatest", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "resistors", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10164-2-flip
Yolanda moved to Florida where it is at sea level. The atmosphere here is considered
{ "text": [ "dense", "thin" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "height above sea level", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density of the atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "at sea level", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "atmosphere", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10401-2
What happens to UV levels under the ozone hole?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With less ozone in the stratosphere, more UV rays reach the ground.
QRSent-10401
{ "effect_prop": "UV rays", "cause_dir_str": "less", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "UV levels", "less_effect_prop": "UV levels", "less_cause_dir": "UV levels" }
QRQA-10086-2-flip
The waves in the ocean are short meaning they have a _____ amplitude.
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "height" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10286-4-flip
A decrease of carbon atoms will result in _____ possible arrangements.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: The more carbon atoms there are, the greater the number of possible arrangements of carbon atoms.
QRSent-10286
{ "effect_prop": "possible arrangements of carbon atoms", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "possible arrangements", "less_effect_prop": "possible arrangements", "less_cause_dir": "possible arrangements" }
QRQA-10043-2-flip
If Milo is adjusting the pH level of his pool and he brings the pH farther from 14 does the solution become more or less basic?
{ "text": [ "more basic", "less basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution.
QRSent-10043
{ "effect_prop": "basic the solution", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to pH 14" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pool pH level", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10055-2
Dana is testing alkanes to see how they boil. She first heats up alkanes with more carbon atoms, and then some with fewer. The alkanes with fewer carbon atoms have a boiling point, compared to the other, that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Alkanes with more carbon atoms have higher boiling and melting points, so some of them are solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10055
{ "effect_prop": "boiling points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "carbon atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "carbon atoms", "more_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_effect_prop": "boiling point", "less_cause_dir": "boiling point" }
QRQA-10041-1-flip
Compared to microwaves do x-rays, which have a much higher wavelength than microwaves, have a
{ "text": [ "lower frequency?", "higher frequency" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelenght" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10370-1-flip
A tsunami created by a few rocks will create what size wave?
{ "text": [ "small", "large" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
QRSent-10370
{ "effect_prop": "wave", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distrurbance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "wave", "less_effect_prop": "wave", "less_cause_dir": "wave" }
QRQA-10368-1
Richard dropped two identical rocks, one into a puddle, and the other into a swimming pool. After dropping both rocks, the rock dropped into the swimming pool had
{ "text": [ "a higher melting point than the other rock", "a lower melting point than the other rock" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the amount of water increases, the melting point of rock decreases.
QRSent-10368
{ "effect_prop": "melting point of rock", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "amount of water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "puddle", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10093-1-flip
A wave with a high frequency has _____ energy than a wave with a low frequency.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Higher frequency waves have greater energy.
QRSent-10093
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "frequency", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10048-4-flip
Wendy turned the hose from half power to full blast. This makes the stream _____ likely to be able to deposit large rock particles.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "particles are deposited", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "velocity of the water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "deposit", "less_effect_prop": "deposit", "less_cause_dir": "deposit" }
QRQA-10135-2
Harry has a pet walrus. Jim has a pet parrot. Whose pet has a heavier exoskeleton?
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Harry" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The larger the animal, the heavier the exoskeleton, making movement more difficult.
QRSent-10135
{ "effect_prop": "heavier exoskeleton", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "animal" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "heavier", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "parrot", "more_effect_prop": "exoskeleton", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10393-3-flip
When crests get higher in a wave what increases?
{ "text": [ "frequency", "amplitude" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10393
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10332-5-flip
An isomer with more branching than another will have a _____ melting point.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are.
QRSent-10332
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "branching in isomers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10392-4-flip
If Mary is playing music in her room and the heater starts working, causing the temperature to rise, what happens to the speed of the soundwaves her radio is generating?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For a given medium, sound has a slower speed at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10392
{ "effect_prop": "sound has a slower speed", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "slower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "speed of soundwaves", "less_effect_prop": "speed of soundwaves", "less_cause_dir": "speed of soundwaves" }
QRQA-10171-5
Polly was adding resistors to a circuit. Increasing the resistance in this series circuit will cause the total current to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If we increase the resistance in a series circuit, by adding more resistors, then the total current decreases.
QRSent-10171
{ "effect_prop": "total current", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistance in a series circuit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total current", "less_effect_prop": "total current", "less_cause_dir": "total current" }
QRQA-10060-3-flip
As the sea floor condenses it causes sea levels to do what?
{ "text": [ "rise", "drop" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "sea levels", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "seafloor spreading" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "drop", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sea levels", "less_effect_prop": "sea levels", "less_cause_dir": "sea levels" }
QRQA-10204-5-flip
John was in his office looking at the diagrams. He saw that as the lines were sparser, the fields were
{ "text": [ "Stronger", "Weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "fields", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "lines" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Stronger", "less_effect_dir": "Weaker", "less_cause_prop": "lines", "more_effect_prop": "fields", "less_effect_prop": "fields", "less_cause_dir": "fields" }
QRQA-10145-1
If Mary increased the temperature in her greenhouse what would happen to the rate of evaporation from water on her plants?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10172-3-flip
Eileen studied two identically sized populations of women, one in Springfield where the women were in their 50s and one in Mayfield where the women were in their 30s. The population with a lower incidence of breast cancer was
{ "text": [ "Springfield group", "Mayfield group." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Breast cancer is rare in teens. It becomes more common as women get older.
QRSent-10172
{ "effect_prop": "breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower incidence", "less_cause_prop": "women", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_cause_dir": "breast cancer" }
QRQA-10349-2
Does a ball on earth have more or less gravity on it than in space?
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer objects are, the stronger the gravitational pull between them.
QRSent-10349
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "distance", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational pull", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational pull" }
QRQA-10260-4-flip
Ollie pours his water quickly while Fay pours her water slowly. Whose water contains less energy?
{ "text": [ "Ollie", "Fay" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "moving water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10174-4
If Mona is building a machine to help her vacuum her floor and she increases the amount of force the engine inside the vacuum, what happens to the vacuum ability to make work easier?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Machines make work easier by increasing the amount of force that is applied, increasing the distance over which the force is applied, or changing the direction in which the force is applied.
QRSent-10174
{ "effect_prop": "work easier", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "amount of force that is applied" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "ability to work easier", "less_effect_prop": "ability to work easier", "less_cause_dir": "ability to work easier" }
QRQA-10124-5-flip
When a child has a little energy they will move around
{ "text": [ "slower", "faster" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move.
QRSent-10124
{ "effect_prop": "speed", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "move around", "less_effect_prop": "move around", "less_cause_dir": "move around" }
QRQA-10278-1
The cop shot the radar gun at the super fast car, which _____ the waves.
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "Frequency waves", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Speed." }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "waves", "less_effect_prop": "waves", "less_cause_dir": "waves" }
QRQA-10079-1-flip
Between a marble and a cannon ball, both travelling at the same speed, the object with the least momentum would be
{ "text": [ "the cannon ball", "the marble?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more mass a moving object has or the faster its moving, the greater its momentum.
QRSent-10079
{ "effect_prop": "object's momentum", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "a moving object's mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "least", "less_cause_prop": "marble", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "momentum", "less_cause_dir": "momentum" }
QRQA-10387-1-flip
Compared to an Olympic sprinter in perfect condition, would an obese person who has never exercised be more likely to have a heart that can, with each beat, move
{ "text": [ "more blood", "less blood?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a person exercises regularly, and is fit, the heart undergoes certain long-term adaptations. The heart muscle gets stronger, and expels more blood with each contraction.
QRSent-10387
{ "effect_prop": "amount of blood is pumped with each heart contraction", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "heart muscle strength" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "move more", "less_effect_dir": "move less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood", "less_effect_prop": "blood", "less_cause_dir": "blood" }
QRQA-10145-3
James left a pot of water out in the sun. As the water started to heat up, what would happen to the rate of evaporation?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In transipration, at warmer temperatures water molecules move faster, and the rate of evaporation from stomata is therefore much faster.
QRSent-10145
{ "effect_prop": "evaporation", "cause_dir_str": "warmer", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperatures" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_effect_prop": "rate of evaporation", "less_cause_dir": "rate of evaporation" }
QRQA-10019-4-flip
When we relax a rubber band it has
{ "text": [ "high potential energy", "low potential energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more an elastic object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10019
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "compressed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "potential energy" }
QRQA-10173-5
Andrew was showing Tim his brand new phone, one day. The boys decided they wanted to go to a bookstore but needed directions, they both looked up directions on their phone, whose phone found directions faster?
{ "text": [ "Andrew", "Tim" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "Work Time", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Powerful Device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "found directions", "less_cause_dir": "found directions" }
QRQA-10175-4-flip
Jimbo cooled a pot of water in his refrigerator. What happens to the amount of oxygen contained in the water as the temperature decreases?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Warm water cant hold as much dissolved oxygen as cool water, so an increase in the temperature of water decreases the amount of oxygen it contains.
QRSent-10175
{ "effect_prop": "amount of oxygen it contains", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "temperature of water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "amount of oxygen contained", "less_effect_prop": "amount of oxygen contained", "less_cause_dir": "amount of oxygen contained" }
QRQA-10053-4
Sarah is carrying two tubs, one is filled with rocks, the other with feathers. The tub with rocks will be heavier because it is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A given volume of a denser substance is heavier than the same volume of a less dense substance.
QRSent-10053
{ "effect_prop": "heavy", "cause_dir_str": "denser", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "dense" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "filled with", "less_effect_dir": "filled with", "less_cause_prop": "dense", "more_effect_prop": "rocks", "less_effect_prop": "feathers", "less_cause_dir": "feathers" }
QRQA-10227-1
If Jean's aquifer has risen to the surface of the pool then the water is how easy to get into?
{ "text": [ "harder", "easier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to the surface an aquifer is, the easier it is to get the water.
QRSent-10227
{ "effect_prop": "easy", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "easier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "close to surface" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "easier", "less_effect_dir": "harder", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "the water", "less_effect_prop": "the water", "less_cause_dir": "the water" }
QRQA-10204-2-flip
Will draws some field lines very far apart from each other. This field is likely
{ "text": [ "strong", "weak" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer the field lines are drawn together, the stronger the field being described.
QRSent-10204
{ "effect_prop": "stronger field", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer field lines together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "strong", "less_effect_dir": "weak", "less_cause_prop": "field lines", "more_effect_prop": "field", "less_effect_prop": "field", "less_cause_dir": "field" }
QRQA-10096-5
Tina had her cancer discovered early. Her chances of a cure are likely _____ than if she had found it later.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The sooner cancer is treated, the greater the chances of a cure.
QRSent-10096
{ "effect_prop": "chances of a cure.", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "sooner cancer is treated" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "cancer discovery", "more_effect_prop": "chances of a cure", "less_effect_prop": "chances of a cure", "less_cause_dir": "chances of a cure" }
QRQA-10263-4
When two things are large they have what level of gravitational force?
{ "text": [ "High", "Low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of gravitational attraction.
QRSent-10263
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10178-5-flip
Ryan wants to have worse technology in the world, so do have that, he will need for the things currently being developed to be
{ "text": [ "better", "worse" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The development of better missiles fostered better rocket technologies.
QRSent-10178
{ "effect_prop": "technology", "cause_dir_str": "better", "effect_dir_str": "better", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "good missiles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "worse", "less_cause_prop": "developed", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "technology", "less_cause_dir": "technology" }
QRQA-10053-1-flip
Henry noticed that his piece of cake was lighter than his piece of butter. The cake was _____ dense.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A given volume of a denser substance is heavier than the same volume of a less dense substance.
QRSent-10053
{ "effect_prop": "Dense", "cause_dir_str": "heavier", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Heavy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "cake", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10144-4-flip
John was looking at rocks in the valley and noticed something. The less resistant the rocks he looked at were, the amount they remained was
{ "text": [ "Shorter", "Longer" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Different types of rocks weather at different rates. More resistant types of rocks will remain longer.
QRSent-10144
{ "effect_prop": "remain longer", "cause_dir_str": "more resistant", "effect_dir_str": "longer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "resistant" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Longer", "less_effect_dir": "Shorter", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "amount they remained", "less_effect_prop": "amount they remained", "less_cause_dir": "amount they remained" }
QRQA-10386-4-flip
When we let a rubber band relax to a small size, it is easy to stretch meaning it has
{ "text": [ "more resistance", "less resistance" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretch" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10385-3-flip
Will decreases the population of his model of the world's population. The amount of water scarcity, if no other variables are changed, will likely go
{ "text": [ "up", "down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Many of the worlds people live with water scarcity, and that percentage will increase as populations increase and climate changes.
QRSent-10385
{ "effect_prop": "people live with water scarcity", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "up", "less_effect_dir": "down", "less_cause_prop": "world's population", "more_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_effect_prop": "water scarcity", "less_cause_dir": "water scarcity" }
QRQA-10297-1-flip
What would happen to the size of the valley created by a tributary stream if the size of the stream were to be increased?
{ "text": [ "the valley would be shallower", "the valley would be deeper" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smaller tributary glaciers, like tributary streams, flow into the main glacier in their own shallower U-shaped valleys.
QRSent-10297
{ "effect_prop": "depth of valley", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "shallower", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "tributary size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "deeper", "less_effect_dir": "shallower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "valley", "less_effect_prop": "valley", "less_cause_dir": "valley" }
QRQA-10363-4-flip
If a muscle is exercised, it will become
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Muscles that are exercised are bigger and stronger than muscles that are not exercised.
QRSent-10363
{ "effect_prop": "bigger muscles", "cause_dir_str": "exercised", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercising of muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_effect_prop": "muscles", "less_cause_dir": "muscles" }
QRQA-10160-1
As water drips from a red bucket full of water into a blue bucket that is empty, does the water level in the red bucket
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In an inverse relationship, when one variable increases, the other variable decreases.
QRSent-10160
{ "effect_prop": "the value of the inverse variable", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "the value of one variable" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "red bucket", "more_effect_prop": "water level", "less_effect_prop": "water level", "less_cause_dir": "water level" }
QRQA-10152-4
Timmy tested his chemicals by adding water and noticed _____ reactions.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More water allows more chemical reactions.
QRSent-10152
{ "effect_prop": "Chemical reactions", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Water" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_effect_prop": "reactions", "less_cause_dir": "reactions" }
QRQA-10210-2
Two species with very similar DNA are probably _____ related.
{ "text": [ "distantly", "closely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more similar the DNA molecules of different species are, the closer the relationship is likely to be.
QRSent-10210
{ "effect_prop": "distance in relationship", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "DNA similarity of different species" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "distantly", "less_effect_dir": "closely", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "related", "less_effect_prop": "related", "less_cause_dir": "related" }
QRQA-10369-1
Water will be moved _____ if there are strong winds.
{ "text": [ "less", "more" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have.
QRSent-10369
{ "effect_prop": "waves", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wind" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "More", "less_effect_dir": "Less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "moved", "less_effect_prop": "moved", "less_cause_dir": "moved" }
QRQA-10323-4-flip
Paul measured a resistor's temperature at 20C. Another resistor he measured at 30C. If both resistors are the same type, which offers less resistance?
{ "text": [ "20C", "30C" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance resistor has", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hotter resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10141-1
If Mona is building some resistors and she makes them longer, what happens to the resistance of them?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Longer length resistors will offer more resistance than shorter resistors.
QRSent-10141
{ "effect_prop": "resistance", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "length resistors" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10284-4-flip
If you are in a volcano, as you decrease your distance to the surface, the temperature
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
As the rocks move deeper into the Earth, temperature and pressure increase.
QRSent-10284
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "distance to the surface", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10109-5-flip
Ian wants to produce more pollutants, so he buys a car that is a plug-in hybrid. The car will run on electricity worse if it's plugged in for a
{ "text": [ "longer time", "shorter time" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Plug-in hybrids run for a longer time on electricity and so are less polluting than regular hybrids.
QRSent-10109
{ "effect_prop": "polluting", "cause_dir_str": "longer", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "time" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "car", "more_effect_prop": "pollutants", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10235-2-flip
If America has a bigger industrial sector then China, which country will produce less hazardous waste?
{ "text": [ "America", "China" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Nations that have more industry produce more hazardous waste.
QRSent-10235
{ "effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "industry" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "hazardous waste", "less_cause_dir": "hazardous waste" }
QRQA-10048-3-flip
Fewer particles are deposited when a river's speed
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The size of the eroded particles depends on the velocity of the water. Eventually, the water deposits the materials. As water slows, larger particles are deposited. As the water slows even more, smaller particles are deposited.
QRSent-10048
{ "effect_prop": "deposited particles", "cause_dir_str": "slows", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "fewer", "less_cause_prop": "speed", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "particles are deposited", "less_cause_dir": "particles are deposited" }
QRQA-10405-5
A population of squirrels in a local forest had less food available to them this spring than they did last spring. During which spring will more squirrels leave the area to live somewhere else?
{ "text": [ "this spring", "last spring" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Low food supply or a lack of space can lower birth rates, increase death rates, or lead to emigration.
QRSent-10405
{ "effect_prop": "emigration", "cause_dir_str": "low", "effect_dir_str": "", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "food supply" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "food", "more_effect_prop": "leave the area", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10341-1-flip
If Milo's bike chain is not moving well and he adds no oil to it, what will happen to the levels of friction the chain experiences?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
To reduce friction, oil is added to the engine.
QRSent-10341
{ "effect_prop": "friction", "cause_dir_str": "added", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "oil", "more_effect_prop": "friction", "less_effect_prop": "friction", "less_cause_dir": "friction" }
QRQA-10009-4-flip
Ford lives in a town with 6 thousand people. Wong lives in a town with 1 million people. Which population, if contained entirely, would experience less drifting allele frequencies?
{ "text": [ "Ford", "Wong" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The smaller a population is, the more allele frequencies may drift.
QRSent-10009
{ "effect_prop": "drifting of allele frequencies", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "people", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "drifting allele frequencies", "less_cause_dir": "drifting allele frequencies" }
QRQA-10260-2-flip
When a car is going slow it has
{ "text": [ "low energy", "high energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Faster-moving water has more energy.
QRSent-10260
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "speed", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10242-1
Compared to an undeveloped patch of Yellowstone national park, would the city of Detroit, which is a highly developed industrial city, consume
{ "text": [ "fewer natural resources?", "more natural resources" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Developing nations will also increase demands on natural resources as they build more factories.
QRSent-10242
{ "effect_prop": "demands on natural resources", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "increased development" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more natural resources", "less_effect_dir": "fewer natural resources", "less_cause_prop": "Yellowstone national park", "more_effect_prop": "Detroit", "less_effect_prop": "Detroit", "less_cause_dir": "Detroit" }
QRQA-10186-5-flip
When something is very light and starts moving what level of energy does it have?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "light", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10084-3-flip
Shannon is swimming and wants to find the least dense water to soak in. She will find water that has a pressure that is
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water density increases as salinity and pressure increase, or as temperature decreases.
QRSent-10084
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10270-5-flip
If Jimbo eats a lot of food and causes his mass to decrease what happens to his inertia?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "food", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10245-5-flip
Linnie played with a rubber band by pulling at it with her hands. The less she pulled it apart, the _____ the force.
{ "text": [ "weaker", "stronger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther apart you move your hands, the stronger the force of the rubber band pulling your hands together.
QRSent-10245
{ "effect_prop": "Force pulling hands together", "cause_dir_str": "farther apart", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Distance between hands" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "pulled it apart", "more_effect_prop": "force", "less_effect_prop": "force", "less_cause_dir": "force" }
QRQA-10278-3
Tina is speeding on the highway, and a cop is sat on the road with a radar gun to see who to pull over. The cop's gun begins to detect a high frequency, with waves reflected being bunched up. The car was going
{ "text": [ "faster", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A: As the car approaches the radar gun, the reflected microwaves get bunched up in front of the car. Therefore, the waves the receiver detects have a higher frequency than they would if they were being reflected from a stationary object. The faster the car is moving, the greater the increase in the frequency of the waves.
QRSent-10278
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "faster", "less_effect_dir": "slower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10096-3-flip
If cancer is detected late and treatment immediately late, the chances of a cure would be
{ "text": [ "increased", "decreased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The sooner cancer is treated, the greater the chances of a cure.
QRSent-10096
{ "effect_prop": "the chances of a cure", "cause_dir_str": "sooner", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "time elapsed to treat cancer" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "chances of a cure", "less_effect_prop": "chances of a cure", "less_cause_dir": "chances of a cure" }
QRQA-10128-4
If Milo is observing a stream at a low elevation and he follows the stream up to a higher elevation, what happens to the amount of cutting the stream has to do when eroding the stream bed beneath it?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, the higher the elevation, the farther the stream is from where it will reach base level and the more cutting it has to do.
QRSent-10128
{ "effect_prop": "cutting it has to do", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "elevation", "more_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_effect_prop": "cutting", "less_cause_dir": "cutting" }
QRQA-10122-5-flip
The population of coyotes has fallen in Michigan, this raise in opportunistic predators has made the cat population
{ "text": [ "raise", "lower." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
An increase in predators, the emergence of a new disease, or the loss of habitat are just three possible problems that will decrease a population.
QRSent-10122
{ "effect_prop": "population", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "decrease", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "predators" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "raise", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "coyotes", "more_effect_prop": "cat population", "less_effect_prop": "cat population", "less_cause_dir": "cat population" }
QRQA-10275-2-flip
Don is sending out wavelengths, and wants them to correspond to lower energies. In order to best do this, Don will send out wavelengths that are
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) correspond to higher energies and thus hotter star temperatures.
QRSent-10275
{ "effect_prop": "energies", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelenths" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "wavelengths", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energies", "less_cause_dir": "energies" }
QRQA-10068-5
If America is a rich nation and China is a poor nation, then America's energy usage compared to China's is
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
People in the richer nations of the world use far more energy, especially energy from fossil fuels, than people in the poorer nations do.
QRSent-10068
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "richer nations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "nation", "more_effect_prop": "energy usage", "less_effect_prop": "energy usage", "less_cause_dir": "energy usage" }
QRQA-10395-3
When we get to the top of a mountain the air is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more dense", "less_effect_dir": "less dense", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }
QRQA-10124-4
Eric saw a fast moving particle and a slower one. The fast moving particle has _____ energy than the slower one.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The particles in matter are always moving. The more energy they have, the faster they move.
QRSent-10124
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "moving particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "particle", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10107-5
Ian increases the pH of his water. Its pH value becomes more
{ "text": [ "acidic", "basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more basic a solution is, the closer its pH value will be to 14.
QRSent-10107
{ "effect_prop": "closer its pH to 14", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "closer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "basic a solution" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "pH", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10127-4
A car with 8 cylinders is _____ than a car with 6 cylinders.
{ "text": [ "less powerful", "more powerful" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more cylinders a car engine has, the more powerful its engine can be.
QRSent-10127
{ "effect_prop": "power", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cyliders" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more powerful", "less_effect_dir": "less powerful", "less_cause_prop": "cylinders", "more_effect_prop": "car", "less_effect_prop": "car", "less_cause_dir": "car" }
QRQA-10351-3-flip
Evan crawls through the toxic waste dump. His Geiger counter clicks very slowly. The levels of radiation are likely
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The faster the clicks of a Geiger counter occur, the higher the level of radiation.
QRSent-10351
{ "effect_prop": "level of radiation", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "clicks of a Geiger counter" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "Geiger clicks", "more_effect_prop": "levels of radiation", "less_effect_prop": "levels of radiation", "less_cause_dir": "levels of radiation" }
QRQA-10027-1
An asteroid traveled equal distance between a small massed planet and a large massed planet and got caught by one of their gravitational pulls. Which one is more likely to have caught the asteroid?
{ "text": [ "Small planet", "Large planet" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10027
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "massed planet", "more_effect_prop": "to have caught the asteroi", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10131-2
Mona lives in a city that doesn't use much oil. If the mayor of that city decides to change their policy and the city begins using more oil, what happens to the amount of pollution generated by the city?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "oil", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10065-5
As two objects move apart, the force of gravity between them
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "cdecreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10295-3
If Mona is manipulating the charge of a couple of her objects, what happens to the electrostatic force if she increases the charge of one of the objects?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more charged the objects are, the stronger the electrostatic force between them.
QRSent-10295
{ "effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "charged the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_effect_prop": "electrostatic force", "less_cause_dir": "electrostatic force" }
QRQA-10246-5-flip
Sandra had to pee, and when she did, she noticed her urine was dark, because she had consumed water in
{ "text": [ "greater amounts", "lesser amounts" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The darker the urine, the less water it contains.
QRSent-10246
{ "effect_prop": "water it contains", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "dark urine" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater amounts", "less_effect_dir": "lesser amounts", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "clear", "less_effect_prop": "clear", "less_cause_dir": "clear" }
QRQA-10222-3-flip
Tom conducted an archaeological dig and compared some of the rocks he found. He noticed that the rocks at 2 feet deep were _____ than the rocks at 20 feet deep.
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Older rocks are at the bottom and younger rocks are at the top.
QRSent-10222
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "bottom", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "20 feet", "less_effect_dir": "2 feet", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "deep", "less_effect_prop": "deep", "less_cause_dir": "deep" }
QRQA-10143-4
Noah compares the density of the water in a pond during a hot July day and a cold winter morning. The water on the winter morning is
{ "text": [ "more dense", "less dense." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower temperature and higher salinity yield the densest water.
QRSent-10143
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "densest", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "morning", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10043-1
If Jim brings his solution closer to pH 14, what happens to the solution?
{ "text": [ "becomes less basic", "becomes more basic" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The closer to pH 14, the more strongly basic the solution.
QRSent-10043
{ "effect_prop": "basic the solution", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer to pH 14" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "basic", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10165-4
Mona lives in a country that experiences low levels of sunlight. If she moves to a sunnier country, what happens to her chance of getting skin cancer?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
More UV rays increase skin cancer rates.
QRSent-10165
{ "effect_prop": "skin cancer rates", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "UV rays" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Sun", "more_effect_prop": "Risks", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10086-1-flip
When at the beach, Erin knows that there is a low amplitude, so the waves will be
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The higher the crests of a wave are, the greater the amplitude.
QRSent-10086
{ "effect_prop": "amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wave crests" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_cause_dir": "amplitude" }
QRQA-10117-5
As you travel through the ozone layer the temperatures become
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stratosphere contains the ozone layer, the temperatures increase as altitude increases.
QRSent-10117
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ozone" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10391-5-flip
If Jim is exploring layers of rock and he moves closer to the surface, what happens to the age of the rock?
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "older", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "layers", "more_effect_prop": "age of the rock", "less_effect_prop": "age of the rock", "less_cause_dir": "age of the rock" }
QRQA-10111-2-flip
Sue measured water to be a pH of 7, and she measured bleach at a pH of 11. Which substance is less basic?
{ "text": [ "water", "bleach" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
For bases we can state the folllowing: The higher the pH of a substance, the more basic it is.
QRSent-10111
{ "effect_prop": "basic it is", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "pH", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10164-2
Yolanda moved to Denver where it is 5000 feet above sea level. The atmosphere here is considered
{ "text": [ "dense", "thin" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The density of the atmosphere decreases with an increase in the height above sea level (altitude).
QRSent-10164
{ "effect_prop": "height above sea level", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "density of the atmosphere" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "5000 feet above sea level", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "atmosphere", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10252-1
The smallest alkenes should have the _____ boiling and melting points.
{ "text": [ "lowest", "highest" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points, so they are liquids or waxy solids at room temperature.
QRSent-10252
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "highest", "less_effect_dir": "lowest", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "less_cause_dir": "boiling and melting points" }
QRQA-10010-4-flip
If Milo is holding two objects close together and he decides to move them closer together, what happens to the gravitational force between the objects?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational force between two objects", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "objects move further apart" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "objects", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational force", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational force" }
QRQA-10391-5
If Jim is exploring layers of rock and he moves deeper into the Earth, what happens to the age of the rock?
{ "text": [ "older", "younger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The main law is the law of superposition. This law states that deeper rock layers are older than layers closer to the surface.
QRSent-10391
{ "effect_prop": "older", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "age of the rock", "less_effect_prop": "age of the rock", "less_cause_dir": "age of the rock" }
QRQA-10395-1
As Brian climbed Mount Everest, there was _____ air.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "Air", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air", "less_effect_prop": "air", "less_cause_dir": "air" }