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QRQA-10264-2-flip
Will launches a rocket off the ground. As the speed of the gas that comes from the boosters decreases, the rocket's height reached
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The rocket goes upwards because the hot gases shoot downwards out of the nozzle. The faster the gases go downwards, the faster the rocket goes upwards.
QRSent-10264
{ "effect_prop": "rocket goes upwards", "cause_dir_str": "faster", "effect_dir_str": "faster", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "gases go downwards" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "gas", "more_effect_prop": "height", "less_effect_prop": "height", "less_cause_dir": "height" }
QRQA-10173-5-flip
Andrew was showing Tim his underpowered phone, one day. The boys decided they wanted to go to a bookstore but needed directions, they both looked up directions on their phone, whose phone found directions faster?
{ "text": [ "Andrew", "Tim" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Compared with a less powerful device, a more powerful device can either do more work in the same time or do the same work in less time.
QRSent-10173
{ "effect_prop": "Work Time", "cause_dir_str": "more powerful", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Powerful Device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "faster", "less_cause_prop": "phone", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "found directions", "less_cause_dir": "found directions" }
QRQA-10172-3
Eileen studied two identically sized populations of women, one in Springfield where the women were in their 50s and one in Mayfield where the women were in their 30s. The population with a higher incidence of breast cancer was
{ "text": [ "Springfield group", "Mayfield group." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Breast cancer is rare in teens. It becomes more common as women get older.
QRSent-10172
{ "effect_prop": "breast cancer", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "more common", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "older" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher incidence", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "women", "more_effect_prop": "breast cancer", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10348-5
If a dog is extremely fit and healthy breeders will want it to have
{ "text": [ "more offspring", "less offspring" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Genotypes with greater fitness produce more offspring and pass more copies of their alleles to the next generation.
QRSent-10348
{ "effect_prop": "offspring", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "fitness" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_effect_prop": "offspring", "less_cause_dir": "offspring" }
QRQA-10060-2-flip
If Milo is measuring the seafloor and he notices the level of spreading has decreased, what will happen to the sea level?
{ "text": [ "it will fall", "it will rise" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "seafloor spreading", "cause_dir_str": "rises", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Sea level" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "sea level", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "spreading", "less_cause_dir": "spreading" }
QRQA-10359-5
Mona is building a circuit. If she adds more resistors in parallel what happens to the total resistance of the circuit?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When we add resistors in parallel to each other the total resistance decreases and the current increases.
QRSent-10359
{ "effect_prop": "total resistance", "cause_dir_str": "add", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "resistors in parallel to each other" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "total resistance of circuit", "less_effect_prop": "total resistance of circuit", "less_cause_dir": "total resistance of circuit" }
QRQA-10100-1-flip
Something with a lot less energy travels
{ "text": [ "short distances", "long distances" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
However, the energy is diluted as an electromagnetic wave travels farther from its source because it spreads out over an ever-larger area.
QRSent-10100
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "diluted", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "long", "less_effect_dir": "short", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "distances", "less_effect_prop": "distances", "less_cause_dir": "distances" }
QRQA-10335-5-flip
Jan is cold, so she starts to jog in place. The slower Jan jogs, she will feel warmer
{ "text": [ "quicker", "slower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "more quickly", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "speed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "warmer", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Jan jogs", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10058-2
Dana washes her hands a lot, so her bacteria has muted to help to resist antibiotics. As that bacteria increases in numbers, the mutation becomes
{ "text": [ "common", "rare" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "common", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mutated bacteria" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "common", "less_effect_dir": "rare", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_cause_dir": "mutation" }
QRQA-10230-5-flip
A pair of lenses on glasses that are not curved would refract
{ "text": [ "less light", "more light" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more curved the surface of a lens is, the more it refracts the light that passes through it.
QRSent-10230
{ "effect_prop": "light refracted", "cause_dir_str": "more curved", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "curve" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "lenses", "more_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_effect_prop": "refract light", "less_cause_dir": "refract light" }
QRQA-10100-3-flip
Eric sends out an electromagnetic wave. Reid is 10 feet away and Will is 40 feet away. Who would have the weaker reading of the wave?
{ "text": [ "Will", "Reid" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
However, the energy is diluted as an electromagnetic wave travels farther from its source because it spreads out over an ever-larger area.
QRSent-10100
{ "effect_prop": "energy is diluted", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "diluted", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther from its source" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "reading of the wave", "less_cause_dir": "reading of the wave" }
QRQA-10332-4-flip
If Jim is trying to raise the melting point of an isomer, what should he do to the number of branching points of the isomer?
{ "text": [ "decrease them", "increase them" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more branching there is in isomers, the lower the boiling and melting points are.
QRSent-10332
{ "effect_prop": "melting points", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "branching there is in isomers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "raise", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "branching points", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10346-5-flip
Anna swims across the surface of a lake and later she plunges several feet below the surface to explore. At which depth will the temperature of the water be warmer
{ "text": [ "surface of water", "several feet deep in water?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "colder", "effect_dir_str": "deeper", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "cold" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "several feet deep", "less_effect_dir": "surface", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "water", "less_effect_prop": "water", "less_cause_dir": "water" }
QRQA-10121-1-flip
A membrane with fewer folds will have _____ than one with more folds.
{ "text": [ "more", "less ribosomes" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The folds present in the membrane increase the surface area allowing more ribosomes to be present on the ER, thereby allowing greater protein production.
QRSent-10121
{ "effect_prop": "ribosomes", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of folds" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "folds", "more_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_effect_prop": "ribosomes", "less_cause_dir": "ribosomes" }
QRQA-10136-3
John was checking the temperature of the unit. He saw that as the temperature increased when the level of energy was
{ "text": [ "Greater", "Lesser" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The temperature of matter increases with the added energy.
QRSent-10136
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "added", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "Greater", "less_effect_dir": "Lesser", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10065-4
What would happen to the force of gravity between two soccer balls if Jim moved them closer together?
{ "text": [ "it would increase", "it would decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "closer together" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_effect_prop": "force of gravity", "less_cause_dir": "force of gravity" }
QRQA-10303-5
When a river gets full of a lot of waste chemicals it becomes
{ "text": [ "cleaner", "dirtier" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More pollutants mean poorer air quality.
QRSent-10303
{ "effect_prop": "air quality", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "poorer", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pollutants" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "cleaner", "less_effect_dir": "dirtier", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "river", "less_effect_prop": "river", "less_cause_dir": "river" }
QRQA-10334-5-flip
When a baby drinks very little milk from their mother then their mother makes
{ "text": [ "less milk", "more milk" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The more the baby suckles, the more prolactin is released, which causes more milk to be produced.
QRSent-10334
{ "effect_prop": "milk production", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "nursing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "baby drinks", "more_effect_prop": "mother makes milk", "less_effect_prop": "mother makes milk", "less_cause_dir": "mother makes milk" }
QRQA-10281-1-flip
Suppose Jim decides to use more electricity in his day to day activities. What can he expect will happen to the amount of pollution he is responsible for creating?
{ "text": [ "it will increase", "it will decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
We need to reduce our electricity consumption in order to reduce pollution.
QRSent-10281
{ "effect_prop": "less pollution", "cause_dir_str": "reduce", "effect_dir_str": "reduce", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "electricity consumption" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10383-5
A fast moving stream is capable of carrying _____ particles than a slow moving stream.
{ "text": [ "larger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particle sizes carried", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "speed of a stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10346-4-flip
Tina is coming back up from diving deep into the ocean. What happens to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "it increases", "it decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water also gets colder as you go deeper.
QRSent-10346
{ "effect_prop": "colder water", "cause_dir_str": "deeper", "effect_dir_str": "colder", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "deeper" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "ocean", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10383-3
John was watching the movement of a stream in the forest. He noticed that the slower moving stream would only carry particles that are
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "particles", "less_effect_prop": "particles", "less_cause_dir": "particles" }
QRQA-10344-5
In large atoms valence electrons are usually
{ "text": [ "closer", "farther" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus.
QRSent-10344
{ "effect_prop": "electron distance", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atom size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "farther", "less_effect_dir": "closer", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10380-2-flip
When someone never exercises they are _____ than those that work out a lot.
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Exercising muscles increases their size, and bigger muscles have greater strength.
QRSent-10380
{ "effect_prop": "muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "exercise" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger", "less_effect_dir": "weaker", "less_cause_prop": "someone", "more_effect_prop": "they", "less_effect_prop": "they", "less_cause_dir": "they" }
QRQA-10238-4-flip
If a herd of elephants and humans are living happily in a forest and the humans then decide to move away, what happens to the elephants?
{ "text": [ "they decrease in number", "they increase in number" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The forest habitat of elephants has also decreased in size due to humans moving in, so the numbers of the elephants have decreased.
QRSent-10238
{ "effect_prop": "elephants", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "decreased", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humans moving in" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "they increase in number", "less_effect_dir": "they decrease in number", "less_cause_prop": "forest", "more_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_effect_prop": "elephants", "less_cause_dir": "elephants" }
QRQA-10028-3
Stretching a rubber band out _____ its elastic potential energy.
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10335-1
By filling up a party balloon with faster moving Helium particles from a gas cylinder as opposed to slower ones, would the temperature of the balloon be
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
When particles move more quickly, temperature is higher and an object feels warmer.
QRSent-10335
{ "effect_prop": "particle speed of a substance", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more quickly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a substance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "fast moving", "less_effect_dir": "n/a", "less_cause_prop": "decrease", "more_effect_prop": "helium particles", "less_effect_prop": "n/a", "less_cause_dir": "n/a" }
QRQA-10013-2-flip
If we keep deflating a balloon of oxygen particles what happens to the pressure?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More particles inside the container means more collisions, and more collisions mean a higher pressure.
QRSent-10013
{ "effect_prop": "pressure", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "oxygen particles", "more_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_effect_prop": "pressure", "less_cause_dir": "pressure" }
QRQA-10225-5
Eric is swimming near shore. Tina is 100 meters out in the water. The water near _____ has more nutrients.
{ "text": [ "Eric", "Tina" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water near shore generally has more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10225
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "near", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "near shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "Tina", "more_effect_prop": "nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10215-5
When we lower the temperature of water it becomes
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
When a volume of water is cooled, the molecules move less vigorously, so same number of molecules takes up less space and the water is denser.
QRSent-10215
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "cooled", "effect_dir_str": "denser", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }
QRQA-10038-3-flip
Jim was at the baseball game with his friends. Almost immediately he observed that the softer the ball was hit, the effect on the acceleration was
{ "text": [ "decreased", "increased" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration.
QRSent-10038
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hits" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increased", "less_effect_dir": "decreased", "less_cause_prop": "hit", "more_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_effect_prop": "acceleration", "less_cause_dir": "acceleration" }
QRQA-10270-2-flip
Hayley was studying the relationship between mass and inertia in her science class. Her teacher gave her the example of an elephant and a puppy. The elephant has less mass than the puppy, so the elephant would have _____ inertia.
{ "text": [ "greater", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects with greater mass have greater inertia.
QRSent-10270
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "mass", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10386-2
Eric pulls a rubber band as far as he can. The band's resistance
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther you stretch the band, the greater the resistance is.
QRSent-10386
{ "effect_prop": "resistance the band", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "farther you stretch the band" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "band's resistance", "less_effect_prop": "band's resistance", "less_cause_dir": "band's resistance" }
QRQA-10187-5-flip
If Milo takes nutrient measurements from water far from the shore, and compares them to measurements of water taken near the shore, which will contain more dissolved nutrients?
{ "text": [ "near the shore", "far from the shore" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Therefore, water nearer shore usually contains more dissolved nutrients than water farther from shore.
QRSent-10187
{ "effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "cause_dir_str": "nearer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "water nearer shore" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "dissolved nutrients", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10003-2
Noah has noticed that the galaxies are expanding. This will make the galaxies
{ "text": [ "nearer", "further apart." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the Universe expands, galaxies move further and further apart.
QRSent-10003
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "expands", "effect_dir_str": "further and further", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "expansion" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "further apart", "less_effect_dir": "nearer", "less_cause_prop": "galaxies", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10040-4-flip
Jim works as a stage manager for a rock band and is up close to their speakers at each concert, while Todd attends the concerts and watches from dozens of rows back. Who will experience hearing loss less quickly?
{ "text": [ "Jim", "Todd" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The louder the sounds are, the less exposure is needed to cause hearing loss.
QRSent-10040
{ "effect_prop": "exposure", "cause_dir_str": "louder", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "loudness of sounds" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less quickly", "less_cause_prop": "speakers", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "hearing loss", "less_cause_dir": "hearing loss" }
QRQA-10061-3-flip
To view the most stars, don't use a smaller telescope because it can collect
{ "text": [ "more or", "less light." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light.
QRSent-10061
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "star light", "less_effect_prop": "star light", "less_cause_dir": "star light" }
QRQA-10403-1-flip
What will happen to the levels of pollution on Earth if the population decreases?
{ "text": [ "they will rise", "they will fall" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
For example, more people on the Earth means more people contributing to global warming and pollution.
QRSent-10403
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "contributing to", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "population" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "fall", "less_cause_prop": "population", "more_effect_prop": "levels of pollution", "less_effect_prop": "levels of pollution", "less_cause_dir": "levels of pollution" }
QRQA-10065-2-flip
Mercury is closer to the sun than Jupiter. This means that the pull of gravity from the sun on Jupiter is
{ "text": [ "stronger", "weaker." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Objects that are closer together have a stronger force of gravity between them.
QRSent-10065
{ "effect_prop": "force of gravity", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "stronger pull of gravity", "less_effect_dir": "weaker Pull of gravity", "less_cause_prop": "Mercury", "more_effect_prop": "from the sun", "less_effect_prop": "from the sun", "less_cause_dir": "from the sun" }
QRQA-10358-3-flip
Rita and Ira are identical twins of the same size. If Ira is a lower temperature, who has greater thermal energy?
{ "text": [ "Rita", "Ira" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
If two objects have the same mass, the object with the higher temperature has greater thermal energy.
QRSent-10358
{ "effect_prop": "thermal energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "thermal energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10369-2
Evan surfs the waves on a day when it is windy, and then he goes back the next day when there is no wind. Which waves likely had more energy?
{ "text": [ "windy", "no wind" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The stronger the winds are blowing, the larger the waves are and the more energy they have.
QRSent-10369
{ "effect_prop": "waves and more energy they have", "cause_dir_str": "stronger", "effect_dir_str": "larger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "winds are blowing" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "day", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10194-5-flip
Will measures water at a pH of 7, while a bleach solution measures at 12. Which substance is less basic?
{ "text": [ "water", "bleach" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bases have pH values above 7. The higher the pH value, the more strongly basic the substance.
QRSent-10194
{ "effect_prop": "basic the substance", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "basic", "less_cause_dir": "basic" }
QRQA-10197-2
If Mona is in space comparing the distance of certain planets from the Sun and she notices that Pluto is farther away then Neptune, which planet will have the larger orbit?
{ "text": [ "Pluto", "Neptune" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In general, the farther away from the Sun, the greater the distance from one planets orbit to the next.
QRSent-10197
{ "effect_prop": "distance from one planets orbit to the next", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "away from the Sun" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "orbit", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10206-1
Dan wanted to be able to see the most light and detail when buying a telescope. Dan decided to buy a telescope that was
{ "text": [ "smaller", "larger" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescopes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "most", "less_effect_dir": "n/a", "less_cause_prop": "telescope", "more_effect_prop": "light", "less_effect_prop": "n/a", "less_cause_dir": "n/a" }
QRQA-10041-4
A wave with a longer wavelength will have a _____ frequency
{ "text": [ "longer", "shorter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Because all electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed through space, a wave with a shorter wavelength must have a higher frequency, and vice versa.
QRSent-10041
{ "effect_prop": "frequency", "cause_dir_str": "shorter", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "wavelength size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "longer", "less_effect_dir": "shorter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_effect_prop": "frequency", "less_cause_dir": "frequency" }
QRQA-10131-2-flip
Mona lives in a city that uses much oil. If the mayor of that city decides to change their policy and the city begins using less oil, what happens to the amount of pollution generated by the city?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Greater use of oil and other fossil fuels causes more pollution.
QRSent-10131
{ "effect_prop": "pollution", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "use of oil" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "oil", "more_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_effect_prop": "pollution", "less_cause_dir": "pollution" }
QRQA-10025-4-flip
If America is a rich nation and China is a poor nation, which nation uses less energy resources?
{ "text": [ "China", "America" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Richer nations use far more energy resources, especially fossil fuels, than poorer nations do.
QRSent-10025
{ "effect_prop": "use far more energy resources", "cause_dir_str": "richer", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "Richer nations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "China", "more_effect_prop": "", "less_effect_prop": "energy resources", "less_cause_dir": "energy resources" }
QRQA-10018-4
If you start incorporating anaerobic exercises into your workout routine, you can expect your muscle size to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Anaerobic exercises cause muscles to get bigger and stronger.
QRSent-10018
{ "effect_prop": "muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "bigger and stronger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "anaerobic exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "muscle size", "less_effect_prop": "muscle size", "less_cause_dir": "muscle size" }
QRQA-10098-2
When you look at a lake after the rain the water levels are
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The water table is higher when there is a lot of rain and lower when the weather is dry.
QRSent-10098
{ "effect_prop": "water in the water table", "cause_dir_str": "lot of", "effect_dir_str": "higher", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "rain" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "water levels", "less_effect_prop": "water levels", "less_cause_dir": "water levels" }
QRQA-10112-5-flip
What happens when we head from the core towards the surface of the earth?
{ "text": [ "temperatures decrease", "temperatures increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Temperature increases with depth inside the Earth, so melting of rocks is more likely to occur at greater depths.
QRSent-10112
{ "effect_prop": "temperatures", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth in the earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "we", "more_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_effect_prop": "temperatures", "less_cause_dir": "temperatures" }
QRQA-10237-3-flip
When it becomes less humid outside people are _____ to sweat.
{ "text": [ "more likely", "less likely" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As humidity increases, the water potential gradient across the inside and outside the leaf become more equal, and so the rate of transpiration decreases.
QRSent-10237
{ "effect_prop": "transpiration", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "humidity" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more likely to sweat", "less_effect_dir": "less likely to sweat", "less_cause_prop": "outside", "more_effect_prop": "people", "less_effect_prop": "people", "less_cause_dir": "people" }
QRQA-10395-2
If Mona is climbing a mountain and she moves to the top of the mountain, what happens to the air pressure pressing against her skin?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
At higher elevations, there is less air to press on a given area.
QRSent-10395
{ "effect_prop": "air to press on a given area", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "higher elevations" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10261-3
Lisa is hitting a tennis ball against the wall. As the tennis ball bounces away from the wall and towards her, the magnetic force of attraction between the wall and the ball
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the distance between the objects increases the magnetic force of attraction decreases.
QRSent-10261
{ "effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance between the objects" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "her", "more_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_effect_prop": "magnetic force of attraction", "less_cause_dir": "magnetic force of attraction" }
QRQA-10192-4
As sound waves move away from a speaker they become
{ "text": [ "louder", "quieter" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The farther the sound waves travel away from the source, the more spread out their energy becomes.
QRSent-10192
{ "effect_prop": "energetic", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "more spread out", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "louder", "less_effect_dir": "quieter", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_effect_prop": "sound waves", "less_cause_dir": "sound waves" }
QRQA-10035-3-flip
Milo was playing around with water by changing the pH level. If he raised the pH what would happen to the acidity of the solution?
{ "text": [ "it would decrease", "it would increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Acids have pH values below 7. The lower the pH value, the more strongly acidic the substance.
QRSent-10035
{ "effect_prop": "acidic", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "more strongly", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pH value" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_effect_prop": "acidity", "less_cause_dir": "acidity" }
QRQA-10316-1-flip
If the number of offspring of an species is decreased, what happens to the number of traits they have in common with one another?
{ "text": [ "they will have more traits in common", "they will have less traits in common" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "traits in common", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of offspring" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "offspring", "more_effect_prop": "traits", "less_effect_prop": "traits", "less_cause_dir": "traits" }
QRQA-10162-4
Mike dove deeper and deeper into the ocean trench. As he goes lower, the pressure exerted on him by the water
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
A fluid exerts pressure in all directions, but the pressure is greater at greater depth.
QRSent-10162
{ "effect_prop": "depth", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "pressure in all directions" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "goes lower", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "pressure exerted", "more_effect_prop": "Mike", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10213-2
When someone gets bigger what happens to their body functions?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In Life Sciences it is important to note that whenever a structure has an increased surface area, there is an increase in the functioning of that structure.
QRSent-10213
{ "effect_prop": "functioning", "cause_dir_str": "increased", "effect_dir_str": "increase", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "surface area" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "body functions", "less_effect_prop": "body functions", "less_cause_dir": "body functions" }
QRQA-10060-5-flip
John was looking at the ocean level data on his computer. He noticed that as the seafloor spreading rate decreases, the level of the sea
{ "text": [ "Decreases", "Increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "spreading rate" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "seafloor spreading rate", "more_effect_prop": "level of sea", "less_effect_prop": "level of sea", "less_cause_dir": "level of sea" }
QRQA-10057-2
If your body size were to decrease, your surface area to volume ratio would
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Size restriction: The final body size is limited because as the body size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases.
QRSent-10057
{ "effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "body size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "body size", "more_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_effect_prop": "surface area to volume ratio", "less_cause_dir": "surface area to volume ratio" }
QRQA-10221-5-flip
John was studying the history of agriculture for his master's project. He noticed that before the methods of farming became more advanced, the amount of food produced was
{ "text": [ "Larger", "Smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
More advanced farming practices allowed a single farmer to grow food for many more people.
QRSent-10221
{ "effect_prop": "food", "cause_dir_str": "more advanced", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "advanced farming" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "larger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "more advanced methods of farming", "more_effect_prop": "amount of food produced", "less_effect_prop": "amount of food produced", "less_cause_dir": "amount of food produced" }
QRQA-10010-3-flip
What is the gravitational effect on an object that is close to Earth by Earth?
{ "text": [ "high", "low" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The gravitational force between two objects decreases as the objects move further apart.
QRSent-10010
{ "effect_prop": "gravitation force", "cause_dir_str": "further", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "distance" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "high", "less_effect_dir": "low", "less_cause_prop": "Earth", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational effect", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational effect", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational effect" }
QRQA-10076-4-flip
If Mona is producing sound waves by listening to her radio at night and she turns down the volume, what happens to the amount of energy being produced by the radio?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
A higher-frequency wave has more energy than a lower-frequency wave with the same amplitude.
QRSent-10076
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "higher-frequency wave" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "waves", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10302-1-flip
While in the lab, Sharon and Joe were testing alkenes; Sharon's alkenes were much smaller than Joe's. The melting point of Sharon's alkenes will be _____ than Joe's.
{ "text": [ "lower", "higher" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Larger alkenes have lower boiling and melting points.
QRSent-10302
{ "effect_prop": "boiling and melting points", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "lower", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "alkenes" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "alkenes", "more_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_effect_prop": "melting point", "less_cause_dir": "melting point" }
QRQA-10186-3
If Jimbo is creating a ball from clay and he adds more clay to the ball, what does he do to the ball's inertia?
{ "text": [ "increases it", "decreases it" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The full box is harder to move because it has greater mass and therefore greater inertia.
QRSent-10186
{ "effect_prop": "inertia", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_effect_prop": "inertia", "less_cause_dir": "inertia" }
QRQA-10019-2-flip
Dan is snapping a rubber band at Sarah. He stretches the band as little as he can before he snaps it this time, which will mean its potential energy is
{ "text": [ "large", "small" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more an elastic object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10019
{ "effect_prop": "potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "elastic" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "large", "less_effect_dir": "small", "less_cause_prop": "stretch", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10132-4-flip
A person with dark skin can absorb how much vitamin D?
{ "text": [ "a lot", "a little" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Pigments in the skin act like a filter that can prevent the skin from making vitamin D. As a result, people with darker skin need more time in the sun than people with lighter skin to make the same amount of vitamin D.
QRSent-10132
{ "effect_prop": "vitamin D", "cause_dir_str": "darker", "effect_dir_str": "prevent", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "pigment" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "a lot", "less_effect_dir": "a little", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "person", "less_effect_prop": "person", "less_cause_dir": "person" }
QRQA-10263-2-flip
If Mona reduces she is creating for her school project, what happens to the gravitational attraction of that object?
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The greater the objects mass, the greater the force of gravitational attraction.
QRSent-10263
{ "effect_prop": "gravitational attraction", "cause_dir_str": "greater", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mass" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "the mass of the object", "more_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction of that object", "less_effect_prop": "gravitational attraction of that object", "less_cause_dir": "gravitational attraction of that object" }
QRQA-10383-2
A slow stream is capable of moving
{ "text": [ "boulders", "sand" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In erosion, a slower moving stream will only carry smaller particles.
QRSent-10383
{ "effect_prop": "particles", "cause_dir_str": "slower", "effect_dir_str": "smaller", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "stream" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "boulders", "less_effect_dir": "sand", "less_cause_prop": "stream", "more_effect_prop": "moving", "less_effect_prop": "moving", "less_cause_dir": "moving" }
QRQA-10333-4
Eric noticed a glacier outside his boat shrinking over time. The Earth's temperature is likely
{ "text": [ "decreasing", "increasing" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The glaciers on Earth are getting smaller and smaller as Earths temperature rises.
QRSent-10333
{ "effect_prop": "Earth's temperature", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "glaciers on Earth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increasing", "less_effect_dir": "decreasing", "less_cause_prop": "glacier", "more_effect_prop": "Earth's temperature", "less_effect_prop": "Earth's temperature", "less_cause_dir": "Earth's temperature" }
QRQA-10375-2
As waves on the ocean grow in size and number they have.
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
With higher frequencies, the microwaves also have more energy.
QRSent-10375
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10028-3-flip
Letting a stretched a rubber band become looser _____ its elastic potential energy.
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The farther the object is stretched or compressed, the greater its elastic potential energy is.
QRSent-10028
{ "effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "cause_dir_str": "farther", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "stretching of an object" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "rubber band", "more_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_effect_prop": "elastic potential energy", "less_cause_dir": "elastic potential energy" }
QRQA-10337-4-flip
If Mona is done with a race and her chest contracts, what happens to the amount of air pressure in her lungs?
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Inhaling, or breathing in, increases the size of the chest, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10337
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure inside the lungs", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "size of the chest" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "chest", "more_effect_prop": "amount of air pressure in her lungs", "less_effect_prop": "amount of air pressure in her lungs", "less_cause_dir": "amount of air pressure in her lungs" }
QRQA-10329-1
Air pressure is higher in the
{ "text": [ "mountains", "valleys." ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Air pressure is less at higher elevations.
QRSent-10329
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "higher", "effect_dir_str": "less", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "elevation" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "", "less_cause_prop": "elevation", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "", "less_cause_dir": "" }
QRQA-10058-2-flip
Dana washes her hands a lot, so her bacteria has mutated to help to resist antibiotics. As that bacteria decreases in numbers, the mutation becomes
{ "text": [ "common", "rare" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Bacteria with a mutation the helps resist antibiotics increase in numbers, so the mutation becomes more common.
QRSent-10058
{ "effect_prop": "common", "cause_dir_str": "increase", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "mutated bacteria" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "common", "less_effect_dir": "rare", "less_cause_prop": "bacteria", "more_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_effect_prop": "mutation", "less_cause_dir": "mutation" }
QRQA-10073-3
Tony wanted to prevent cramps by warming up. This _____ blood flow to his muscles.
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Warming up exercises increases the blood flow to the muscles and increases the heart rate.
QRSent-10073
{ "effect_prop": "blood flow to the muscles", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "warming up exercises" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_effect_prop": "blood flow", "less_cause_dir": "blood flow" }
QRQA-10176-2-flip
Sasha decreases the frequency of a wave. This wave now has _____ energy.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Higher-frequency waves have more energy.
QRSent-10176
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "higher-frequency", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "frequency waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "wave", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10253-4-flip
Mike is trying to make two different things slide across the ground. One is block, the other is a chair. The thing that will be hardest to push has
{ "text": [ "more mass", "less mass" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Its harder to overcome friction between heavier objects and the floor than it is between lighter objects and the floor.
QRSent-10253
{ "effect_prop": "weight", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "heavier", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "difficult" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "mass", "less_effect_prop": "mass", "less_cause_dir": "mass" }
QRQA-10163-3
While checking the weather, Dale noticed that there was an inverse relationship between the temperature and atmospheric pressure. So as it was getting colder, he should expect the atmospheric pressure to
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Decreasing air temperature increases atmospheric pressure.
QRSent-10163
{ "effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "air temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "temperature", "more_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_effect_prop": "atmospheric pressure", "less_cause_dir": "atmospheric pressure" }
QRQA-10344-1
In science class, kids learned about how when atoms are larger, the distance between the valence electrons and the nucleus is
{ "text": [ "bigger", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
In bigger atoms, valence electrons are farther from the nucleus.
QRSent-10344
{ "effect_prop": "distance", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "farther", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "bigger", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "distance", "less_effect_prop": "distance", "less_cause_dir": "distance" }
QRQA-10331-2-flip
As we dig shallower into rocks they get
{ "text": [ "younger", "older" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "age", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "older", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "depth" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "older", "less_effect_dir": "younger", "less_cause_prop": "rocks", "more_effect_prop": "age", "less_effect_prop": "age", "less_cause_dir": "age" }
QRQA-10323-1
A cooling resistor will _____ in resistance.
{ "text": [ "increase", "decrease" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The hotter a resistor becomes the more resistance it has.
QRSent-10323
{ "effect_prop": "resistance of a resistor", "cause_dir_str": "hotter", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature of a resistor" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "resistor", "more_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_effect_prop": "resistance", "less_cause_dir": "resistance" }
QRQA-10060-1
If the ocean basin were to decrease, the sea level would
{ "text": [ "rise", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Sea level rises if an increase in seafloor spreading rate buoys up the ocean crust, causing the ocean basin to become smaller.
QRSent-10060
{ "effect_prop": "sea level", "cause_dir_str": "smaller", "effect_dir_str": "rises", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "ocean basin" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "rise", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "ocean basin", "more_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_effect_prop": "sea level", "less_cause_dir": "sea level" }
QRQA-10193-1
Compared to a one inch ripple in a pond, would a 350 foot tall ocean tsunami have
{ "text": [ "more energy", "less energy?" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Bigger waves have more energy.
QRSent-10193
{ "effect_prop": "energy", "cause_dir_str": "bigger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "waves" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "ripple in a pond", "more_effect_prop": "energy", "less_effect_prop": "energy", "less_cause_dir": "energy" }
QRQA-10374-1
As a balloon deflates there is _____ air pressure forcing air out.
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Exhaling, or breathing out, decreases the size of the chest, which increases air pressure inside the lungs.
QRSent-10374
{ "effect_prop": "air pressure", "cause_dir_str": "decreases", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "balloon", "more_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_effect_prop": "air pressure", "less_cause_dir": "air pressure" }
QRQA-10307-2
Jim has never been a smoker. If he suddenly starts smoking cigarettes the amount of oxygen available in his lungs
{ "text": [ "increases", "decreases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Smoking reduces the amount of oxygen available for diffusion at the lungs, so less oxygen gets absorbed and blood is oxygenated to a lesser degree.
QRSent-10307
{ "effect_prop": "oxygen available", "cause_dir_str": "", "effect_dir_str": "reduces", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "Smoking" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_effect_prop": "oxygen", "less_cause_dir": "oxygen" }
QRQA-10156-4
An elderly person has a _____ risk of developing a cardiovascular disease than a young person.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The older a person is, the greater their chance of developing a cardiovascular disease.
QRSent-10156
{ "effect_prop": "risk of cardiovascular disease", "cause_dir_str": "older", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "age" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "person", "more_effect_prop": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease", "less_effect_prop": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease", "less_cause_dir": "risk of developing a cardiovascular disease" }
QRQA-10393-5
A wave's amplitude will be _____ the closer its particles become.
{ "text": [ "higher", "lower" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
The closer together the particles are, the greater the amplitude of the wave.
QRSent-10393
{ "effect_prop": "wave amplitude", "cause_dir_str": "closer", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "distance between particles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "higher", "less_effect_dir": "lower", "less_cause_prop": "particles", "more_effect_prop": "amplitude", "less_effect_prop": "ampllitude", "less_cause_dir": "ampllitude" }
QRQA-10331-1
Gerald laid down many rock layers. The layers on the bottom level were likely laid
{ "text": [ "first", "last" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Lower rock layers were laid down earlier, so they are assumed to contain older fossils.
QRSent-10331
{ "effect_prop": "laid down earlier", "cause_dir_str": "lower", "effect_dir_str": "earlier", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "rock layers" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "first", "less_effect_dir": "last", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "laid", "less_effect_prop": "laid", "less_cause_dir": "laid" }
QRQA-10316-1
If the number of offspring of an species is increased, what happens to the number of traits they have in common with one another?
{ "text": [ "they will have more traits in common", "they will have less traits in common" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Natural selection is the process by which living things with beneficial traits produce more offspring, so their traits become more common over time.
QRSent-10316
{ "effect_prop": "traits in common", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "number of offspring" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "traits", "less_effect_prop": "traits", "less_cause_dir": "traits" }
QRQA-10353-5
If Jim works hard and increases the strength of his muscles, his endurance becomes
{ "text": [ "greater", "smaller" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Aerobic exercise increases the size and strength of muscles in the heart and helps all your muscles develop greater endurance.
QRSent-10353
{ "effect_prop": "endurance", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "strength of muscles" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "greater", "less_effect_dir": "smaller", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "endurance", "less_effect_prop": "endurance", "less_cause_dir": "endurance" }
QRQA-10248-1-flip
When Ian has little energy, Ian moves
{ "text": [ "quickly", "slowly" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
As the liquid particles lose energy, their movement slows down even more. As their movements become slower and slower, the attractive forces between become stronger.
QRSent-10248
{ "effect_prop": "movement", "cause_dir_str": "lose", "effect_dir_str": "slows down even more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "energy" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "quickly", "less_effect_dir": "slowly", "less_cause_prop": "energy", "more_effect_prop": "moves", "less_effect_prop": "moves", "less_cause_dir": "moves" }
QRQA-10206-5-flip
Roger liked to hike up mountains with his telescope to get away from the lights of the city. This trip, his back is not hurting him, so Roger packs a heavy-weight larger telescope than he normally brings, but opts to climb a lower mountain than usual. In spite of getting away from the city lights and being atop the mountain, with this larger telescope, the amount of detail that Roger will be able to see is expected to be
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Larger telescopes can collect more light and see finer details than smaller telescopes.
QRSent-10206
{ "effect_prop": "light collected", "cause_dir_str": "larger", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "telescope size" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "able to see", "less_effect_prop": "able to see", "less_cause_dir": "able to see" }
QRQA-10378-5-flip
If Jim raises the temperature of water in his bathtub, what happens to the density of the water?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
A
Water becomes more dense when it is colder and when it has more salt.
QRSent-10378
{ "effect_prop": "Water becomes more dense", "cause_dir_str": "colder", "effect_dir_str": "more dense", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "colder" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "water", "more_effect_prop": "density", "less_effect_prop": "density", "less_cause_dir": "density" }
QRQA-10265-3
When a device become less efficient, its production of usable energy will go
{ "text": [ "up", "down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more efficient a device is, the greater the percentage of usable energy it produces.
QRSent-10265
{ "effect_prop": "percentage of usable energy it produces", "cause_dir_str": "more efficient", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "efficiency of a device" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "up", "less_effect_dir": "down", "less_cause_prop": "efficient", "more_effect_prop": "production of usable energy", "less_effect_prop": "production of usable energy", "less_cause_dir": "production of usable energy" }
QRQA-10272-3
If Mona is in her greenhouse monitoring her plants and she decides to raise the temperature inside, what happens to the rate of cellular respiration her plants exhibit?
{ "text": [ "decreases", "increases" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
Temperature affects the rate at which photosynthesis, cellular respiration and decomposition take place. The rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature and decreases at lower temperatures.
QRSent-10272
{ "effect_prop": "rate of reaction", "cause_dir_str": "increasing", "effect_dir_str": "increases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "temperature" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increases", "less_effect_dir": "decreases", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "rate of cellular respiration", "less_effect_prop": "rate of cellular respiration", "less_cause_dir": "rate of cellular respiration" }
QRQA-10268-3
When we get higher in the air what happens to the temperature?
{ "text": [ "goes up", "goes down" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
In the mesosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases.
QRSent-10268
{ "effect_prop": "temperature", "cause_dir_str": "increases", "effect_dir_str": "decreases", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "LESS", "cause_prop": "altitude" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "goes up", "less_effect_dir": "goes down", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_effect_prop": "temperature", "less_cause_dir": "temperature" }
QRQA-10038-1
Dan hits a car with his car. Dan was going forty miles an hour, and the other car was stopped. If Dan had hit the car going only twenty miles an hour, the stopped car would be moved
{ "text": [ "more", "less" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The harder the batter hits the ball, the greater will be its acceleration.
QRSent-10038
{ "effect_prop": "acceleration", "cause_dir_str": "harder", "effect_dir_str": "greater", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "hit" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "Dan was going", "more_effect_prop": "stopped car would be moved", "less_effect_prop": "stopped car would be moved", "less_cause_dir": "stopped car would be moved" }
QRQA-10032-4
Your pupils will _____ in size if you need more light to see.
{ "text": [ "decrease", "increase" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The pupil automatically gets bigger or smaller to let more or less light in as needed.
QRSent-10032
{ "effect_prop": "pupil", "cause_dir_str": "more", "effect_dir_str": "bigger", "cause_dir_sign": "MORE", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "light needed" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "increase", "less_effect_dir": "decrease", "less_cause_prop": "", "more_effect_prop": "pupil", "less_effect_prop": "pupil", "less_cause_dir": "pupil" }
QRQA-10399-4
When we pack a lot of things into a box it becomes
{ "text": [ "less dense", "more dense" ], "label": [ "A", "B" ] }
B
The more tightly packed the particles inside the material are, the more dense we say they are.
QRSent-10399
{ "effect_prop": "density", "cause_dir_str": "more tightly packed", "effect_dir_str": "more", "cause_dir_sign": "LESS", "effect_dir_sign": "MORE", "cause_prop": "space between atoms" }
{ "more_effect_dir": "more", "less_effect_dir": "less", "less_cause_prop": "things in a box", "more_effect_prop": "dense", "less_effect_prop": "dense", "less_cause_dir": "dense" }