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Augustus_Jesse_Bowie_Jr.

<Infotable> Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. Augustus Jesse Bowie III looks over a portion of anelectrical switchhe designed for use atHoover Damin 1934. At the time of their manufacture, these 287kv switches were by far the world's largest. Born: Augustus Jesse Bowie III(1872-12-10)December 10, 1872San Francisco, California, U.S Died: June 22, 1955(1955-06-22)(aged 82)San Francisco, California, U.S Known for: Inventing and supplying (via the Bowie Switch Company) large-capacity electrical switches that made mass electrification possible in the Western United States </Infotable> Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. (December 10, 1872 – June 22, 1955, birth name Augustus Jesse Bowie III) was a pioneering American technology engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. His early innovations in large-capacity [electrical switches](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch), including the 1000lb. [287Kv disconnecting switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disconnector), were important in the spread of electrification on the West Coast of the United States during the 1910s-1920s, and became essential to the [New Deal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Deal)'s mass-scale [rural electrification efforts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act) in the 1930s. Bowie was an 1896 graduate of the engineering program at [MIT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT) in [Boston](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston), the region of the United States was the center of innovation in and promulgation of electrification, which was primarily oriented towards centralized urban office/industrial use. Bowie, however, was born and bred in the [San Francisco bay area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_bay_area) of [California](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California), and his mass electrification innovations were put into use in that geographically spread out region first, allowing for the building of an [electrical grid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_grid) that would spawn a decentralized regional culture of technological innovation; a region eventually recognized as [Silicon Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Valley). Bowie leveraged his many patents in business as the founder of San Francisco's Bowie Switch Company, located in the waterfront [Dogpatch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogpatch,_San_Francisco) district. The Bowie Switch Company would directly supply and implement his large-capacity switches for the [San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco) metro area, [Hoover Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam), and [Grand Coulee Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam), among many others; and during [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) the company expanded in order to produce switches for the U.S. war effort. More a businessman and inventor than an academic, Bowie's relative paucity of published writing outside electrical engineering journals (and his extensive legacy of patents) kept him largely unheralded outside electrical engineering circles following his death in 1955, despite his pivotal role in mass-scale electrification of the western United States and the bay area/Silicon Valley in particular. Early life and family Augustus Jesse Bowie III was born in San Francisco, California, and generally referred to himself as Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. He was the grandson of Dr. Augustus Jesse Bowie (Oct. 23, 1815 – July 6, 1887), a descendant of the [revolutionary period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution) Scottish [loyalist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalist) and Maryland plantation owner John Bowie. Dr. Bowie came to San Francisco in April 1849, lured by the booming economy of the [California Gold Rush](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Gold_Rush). An experienced [orthopedic surgeon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopedic_surgeon) with the U.S. Navy as early as 1837, he set up a private practice in downtown San Francisco in 1851 and soon occupied a prominent place among San Francisco's arriviste elite. Named first surgeon at St. Mary's hospital&action=edit&redlink=1) in 1861 then Chair of Surgery in the Medical Department of the [University of the Pacific](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Pacific_(United_States)) in 1863, he was named to the then-new board of UC Regents in 1876. However, like his grandson AJ Bowie III, Dr. Bowie's lack of an academic publishing record kept him relatively under-recognized in historic terms. Augustus Jesse Bowie III's father, Augustus Jesse Bowie II (1845–1917) was Dr. Bowie's son, and was known as Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. (as his own son would be later). In 1863, Augustus Jesse Bowie II received the first Bachelor of Arts degree to be awarded by San Francisco's [St. Ignatius College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco), then went to Europe, receovog received a doctorate in engineering at [Heidelberg University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_University) He returned to San Francisco with his German fiancée, Eliza Friedlander, and married her there in 1870. An experienced and widely published geologist, hydrologist, and mining engineer, Bowie II wrote treatises on mining in the Sierra and irrigation in the Central Valley that are still found in print, including the seminal ''A Practical Treatise on Hydraulic Mining in California'' (pub. 1885, i online at internet archive). Bowie II and Eliza Friedlander's's eldest son was Augustus Jesse Bowie III (born in San Francisco in 1872),. Education Like his father, Augustus Jesse Bowie III studied at Saint Ignatius College (now the [University of San Francisco](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco)), following which he went east and entered [Harvard College](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_College), graduating with honors and an A.B. in Mathematics in 1893. Bowie's coming of age and intellectual interests coincided with the biggest technological shift of the early 20th century – electrification. The locus of innovation in and promulgation of electrification in the United States was in the northeast, where the major players of this tech revolution were [Joseph Swan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Swan), [Thomas A. Edison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Edison), [Nikola Tesla](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla), and numerous others. After Harvard, Bowie III developed a strong interest in electrification and stayed in the Northeast, to pursue an S.B. in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering MIT. in 1896 he got. In his ensuing engineering and business career, Bowie III would generally identify himself by the same title as his father, Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. This was the name under which he would also patent his inventions and eventually establish his business. Early Career and Patents At some point following his graduation from MIT in 1896, A.J. Bowie III returned to California and took up residence in Sacramento, where he found work as an engineer with the [Sacramento Electric, Gas and Railroad Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company). Bowie was back in San Francisco by early 1906, where he filed his first patent application: a sophisticated electrical switch that would cleanly create a break in an electrical circuit, dramatically reducing the risk of damage to the electrical apparatus and/or the potential electrocution of the user. Only rudimentary means for such technology had existed up until this time. Application filed January 23, 1906. Serial No. 297,433. To all whom it may concern, Be it known that I, Augustus J. Bowie, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing in San Francisco city and county, State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electrical Switches; and I do hereby declare the following to be and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. This invention relates of electric switches; The object of the invention is to provide a switch which shall be durable and shall promptly and surely destroy arcs formed at a complete and perfect break in the circuit to be interrupted…. Between this start in 1906 and the 1920s, Bowie was busy inventing and patenting products that helped lay the groundwork for this wider-scale electrification, the majority of which were new designs that vastly improved the safety, efficiency, and capacity of electrical current transmission. Among the most important of these patents are: US 1110374 A: Filed 23 Jan. 1906, pub. 15 Sept. 1914, [Electrical Switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_switch). US 982789 A: Filed 18 Apr. 1907, pub. 31 Jan. 1911, Electromagnetic Power Transmitting Mechanism. Power transmission mechanism comprising a positively driven primary element mounted on a rotatable main shaft, and a sec ondary element mounted on a rotatable counter-shaft, out of alignment with the main shaft and driven therefrom, said primary and secondary elements forming an electromagnetic inductive system involving a magnet having an air gap, and an energizing coil for said magnet, and an electric conductor interposed in said air gap. --Journal of Electricity, Power, and Gas, Jan-June 1911 US 1230372 A: Filed 9 Dec. 1909, pub. 19 Jun. 1917, [Electric Switch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_switch). US 1168595 A: Filed 26 Feb. 1910, pub. 18 Jan 1916, [Lightning-Arrester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_arrester). US 1287851 A: Filed 12 Mar. 1914, pub. 17 Dec 1918, [Electric-energy converter and meter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_converter). Bowie Switch Company and Electrification While George Roe's [California Electric Light Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Gas_and_Electric_Company) had commenced electrification operations in San Francisco in 1879, with a capacity to light 21 lights, San Francisco did not realize a significant, widely available electrical capacity until over four decades later; partially as a result of the infrastructural devastation wrought by the earthquake of 1906. Demand for electricity, however, continued to grow exponentially. In 1920, the California Electric Light Company hosted hundreds of people (who were lined up around the block) in a showcase of the first all-electric model home, replete with dozens of new appliances that required electricity to function – electricity that was still not available in many parts of California, particularly rural areas and outlying suburbs. With the patents he created in the first two decades of the twentieth century, AJ Bowie III was poised to leverage the market potential of demand for electricity as electrification took full force. His eponymously named Bowie Switch Company had been successfully marketing his inventions since at least 1913 and operated a facility at 18th and Folsom Streets in San Francisco, and in 1926 the company moved to a newly built factory at 815 Tennessee Street in the [Dogpatch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogpatch,_San_Francisco) neighborhood of San Francisco. The Bowie Switch Company building, a brick-faced [classic revival](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Classical_architecture) style structure in the [utilitarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_follows_function) tradition, was designed by noted Swedish architect August J. Nordin, designer of the historic landmark [Swedish American Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe_Du_Nord) on [upper Market Street](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_San_Francisco#Upper_Market). Built to integrate production with the newly emergent long-haul trucking industry, the Bowie Switch Company building was well-positioned to distribute its products to locales both local and national, including in rural areas that were not serviced by existing rail transport networks.: 4 This broad distributive capacity, combined with rapidly increasing demand for electrification, would prove to be instrumental in positioning the Bowie Switch Company squarely in the center of the [Franklin Delano Roosevelt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt) administration's efforts in the [Rural Electrification Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act) and related major public works in the American West during the 1930s, including designing switches for the unprecedented amount of [hydropower](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower) being generated by the newly built [Boulder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam) and [Grand Coulee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam) Dams WPA Hydropower Projects (Boulder and Grand Coulee dams) Electrification in the United States' urban centers became standard during the 1920s and early 1930s, while rural and suburban electrification remained largely unrealized. This was in part due to U.S. political dynamics that discouraged the use of public funds for major infrastructure projects in favor of private development, and as rural electrification was yet to be proven a profitable endeavor private enterprise ventures were unconvinced of its viability. However, while the [Great Depression](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression) was in full swing, the early 1930s saw the initiation of new, publicly funded programs under President Franklin D. Roosevelt to support electrification in rural America where there was both great need and great poverty. This activity culminated in a new [WPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration) program, the [Rural Electrification Act](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_Electrification_Act) of 1935, which extended the electrification wave beyond urban centers and across the continental United States. The major infrastructural expansion of electrical capacity from these programs increased demand for Bowie III's products, and placed his company into an important position as a government contractor. As the 1930s began, low-voltage (2300 volt) electrical distribution systems were the standard, and they could only carry electricity about four miles before [voltage drop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage_drop) rendered the remaining current useless for standard domestic applications. To increase the viability of high-voltage current carriage to rural and suburban areas (including outlying regions of Bowie's Bay Area home such as San Jose, Gilroy, Mountain View, Martinez, etc.), innovative (and often expensive) higher-voltage systems were needed to handle capacity for lines that would carry power over 40 miles from a station. For these new high-voltage systems, as well as centralized hydropower projects that generated unprecedented amounts of electrical current, the potential for injuries, explosions, and destruction of equipment was very high, so new high-capacity switches were required to be able to manage the power effectively and safely – the Bowie Switch Company was a locus for innovation and implementation of these switches, and the company kept very busy during the 1930s. One of Bowie's greatest achievements during this period were the innovative 287,000 volt (287kv) disconnecting switches, which at the time and for many years thereafter were by far the world's largest (in mass and capacity) and weighed over 1000 pounds each. These switches were designed for the enormous quantity of power generated by [Hoover Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoover_Dam) and [Grand Coulee Dam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam), and were the only way to safely regulate the flow of electricity from the harsh environmental surroundings of their generation sites through power lines that had the capacity to carry electricity over 250 miles to urban, rural, and newly developing suburban areas. World War II and Post-War When the U.S. entered into [World War II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) in 1941, the war effort further increased the demand for Bowie's products in both military and civilian capacities, particularly for the high voltage and safety controls (disconnecting switches) needed in the industrial-scale production of military goods, vehicles, weapons, and ships. In 1942 the Bowie Switch Co. added an assembly facility to the east, increasing the company's ability to manufacture goods at the scale and speed required by the military. On August 19, 1944, President Roosevelt issued [Executive Order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_order_(United_States)) 9466, which directed the Secretary of the Navy "to take possession of and operate the plants and facilities of certain machine shop companies" in San Francisco, one of the 99 temporarily nationalized industries was the Bowie Switch Company of San Francisco. While the managerial structure and employees of the Bowie Switch Company remained intact during this time, the company exclusively produced products to aid the war effort. Soon after the war's conclusion in 1945, the Bowie Switch Company (along with other temporarily nationalized industries) was brought back to full private control under A.J. Bowie Jr (A.J. Bowie III). However, by the end of the year Bowie sold Bowie Switch Company to the A.B. Chance Company of Moberly, Missouri; a sale which had been pending since 1941. At the time of sale in December 1945, the Bowie Switch Company employed approximately 70–100 people, and after the sale Bowie was kept on as a consulting engineer. World War II turned out to have been the apogee of the Bowie Switch Company, but under the ownership of A.B. Chance, it continued to produce electrical products until 1960 before ceasing operations. Legacy Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr. (AKA Augustus Jesse Bowie III) was one of the San Francisco Bay Area's earliest technology pioneers, and his invention, marketing, and production of groundbreaking disconnecting switch technology was a key component in the spread of electrification outside city centers on the American west coast. The early development of this capacity would prove to have a lasting impact in the rural areas of the state and the sprawling, decentralized [DIY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIY) technology laboratory of the bay area suburbs that would eventually become known as [Silicon Valley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Valley) – a metaphorically appropriate outcome, given that the [binary code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_code) underlying all digital technology is based on a series of switches. As noted earlier, Bowie was highly regarded and very influential in electrical engineering circles and was sought-after by planners as a top-flight engineer, but he was much more a businessman than an academic and was little-known outside his profession due to a relative lack of published materials (besides several articles in electrical engineering journals and his numerous patents). In 1913, Bowie married his close friend Esther Donnelly (who already had a six-year-old child); however, the couple had no children of their own and divorced in 1918. AJ Bowie Jr. (III) never remarried, and died on June 22, 1955, in Children's Hospital San Francisco at the age of 82. He is buried in Colma, California.

2024-09-18 17:23:47

The_Jungle_Book_(1994_film)

<Infotable> Rudyard Kipling'sThe Jungle Book Theatrical release poster byJohn Alvin Directed by: Stephen Sommers Screenplay by: Stephen SommersRonald YanoverMark Geldman Story by: Ronald YanoverMark Geldman Based on: The Jungle BookandThe Second Jungle BookbyRudyard Kipling Produced by: Edward S. FeldmanRaju Patel Starring: Jason Scott LeeCary ElwesLena HeadeySam NeillJohn Cleese Cinematography: Juan Ruiz Anchía Edited by: Bob Ducsay Music by: Basil Poledouris Productioncompanies: Vegahom EuropeBaloo ProductionsJungle Book Films[1] Distributed by: Walt Disney Pictures[2](throughBuena Vista Pictures Distribution; United States, United Kingdom,Benelux,Nordics)MDP Worldwide(International) Release date: December 25, 1994(1994-12-25) Running time: 111 minutes[3] Country: United States Language: English Budget: $30 million[4] Box office: $70 million </Infotable> [Jason Scott Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Scott_Lee) [Cary Elwes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Elwes) [Lena Headey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena_Headey) [Sam Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Neill) [John Cleese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleese) December 25, 1994(1994-12-25) Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, also known as The Jungle Book, is a 1994 American [adventure film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure_film) co-written and directed by [Stephen Sommers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sommers), produced by [Edward S. Feldman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_S._Feldman) and [Raju Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raju_Patel), from a story by Ronald Yanover and Mark Geldman. It is a live-action adaptation of the [Mowgli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowgli) stories from [The Jungle Book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle_Book) (1894) and [The Second Jungle Book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Second_Jungle_Book) (1895) by [Rudyard Kipling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling). Unlike its counterparts, the animal characters in this film do not talk. The film stars [Jason Scott Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Scott_Lee), [Cary Elwes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Elwes), [Lena Headey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena_Headey), [Sam Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Neill), and [John Cleese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleese). Released on December 25, 1994, the film received generally positive reviews and grossed $70 million worldwide against a $30 million budget. It was distributed by [Buena Vista Pictures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Motion_Pictures). In 2016, [Walt Disney Pictures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures) produced and released its own live-action adaptation, [The Jungle Book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)), which was more similar and faithful to both Disney's 1967 animated feature film and Kipling's book. Plot During the [British rule in India](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj), Mowgli is the five-year-old son of Nathoo, a widowed guide who is guiding an expedition in the jungle for fellow widower Colonel Geoffrey Brydon and his five-year-old daughter, Kitty. Shere Khan the tiger is stalking the group because fellow guide Buldeo and two other soldiers have been killing animals for sport, which is against the jungle law. Shere Khan attacks the camp at night, killing two of the soldiers and Nathoo, who dies trying to fight him off to defend Buldeo. In the chaos, Mowgli and his wolf cub, Grey Brother, are separated and presumed dead. Mowgli meets Bagheera the panther who leads him to the wolf pack and also befriends bear cub Baloo. Years later, a monkey steals a bracelet from Mowgli, which Kitty had given to him when they were children. Mowgli chases the monkey to an ancient city honoring [Hanuman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanuman) which hosts piles of treasure. He battles and subdues Kaa the snake and is given the bracelet back by King Louie. Meanwhile, Kitty still resides in India with Brydon. She meets Mowgli again and does not recognize him, although he remembers her. Mowgli then arrives in the village, and Kitty recognizes him after seeing the bracelet. Mowgli is pursued by Captain William Boone, Kitty's suitor. After a chase, he is caught by Buldeo, who discovers that Mowgli has a dagger from Monkey City. Boone and his men imprison Mowgli and attempt to find out where he got the dagger, torturing him in the process. Kitty informs her father that the prisoner is Mowgli, though Brydon remains skeptical; Kitty and Brydon's friend, Dr. Plumford attempt to reintroduce Mowgli to the world of man. Boone learns from Buldeo and his friend Tabaqui about the legendary lost city and attempts to persuade Mowgli to show him the way. However, Mowgli refuses, citing that Boone does not keep the jungle law by killing animals for fun. Brydon later announces that Boone and Kitty are to be married. A heartbroken Mowgli returns to the jungle after Boone and his men treat him poorly; Kitty refuses to marry Boone following this, enabling Brydon to send her back to England. Boone, desperate to find the treasure, recruits fellow soldiers Wilkins and Harley, and they team up with Buldeo and Tabaqui. They attempt to capture Mowgli but fail and Baloo is shot while defending Mowgli. The men later ambush Kitty and her father with the help of bandits, who later are attacked by Bagheera and the wolves and Brydon is shot in the leg. The would-be treasure hunters hold Kitty and Brydon hostage as leverage for Mowgli to lead them to the treasure. At night, Shere Khan returns; Mowgli promises to protect Kitty and Brydon from him and escapes the next morning with Bagheera's aid. Harley gives chase, only to fall into quicksand and drown. The party continues their journey, Boone leaving behind a wounded Brydon, who is helped back to the village on an elephant courtesy of Mowgli. Later, Tabaqui decides that Mowgli is no longer needed and tries to murder him, only to die after falling from a cliff. As they near Monkey City, Wilkins becomes separated from the group and is mauled to death by Shere Khan. Inside the lost city, Buldeo attempts to shoot Mowgli but is entombed in a booby trap. Boone and Kitty make it to the treasure room, where Boone tries to kill Mowgli with a sword, though Mowgli injures him with a dagger and escapes with Kitty. Boone gathers treasure for himself, however his victory is cut short when Kaa kills him. Outside the ruins, Mowgli and Kitty are confronted by Shere Khan who roars at Mowgli. Mowgli roars back and Shere Khan sees him as a creature of the jungle, fulfilling a childhood dream of Mowgli's. Returning to the jungle, Mowgli and Kitty are delighted to find that both the lives of Brydon and Baloo have been saved by Dr. Plumford. Mowgli becomes lord of the jungle and begins a relationship with Kitty. Cast [Jason Scott Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Scott_Lee) as [Mowgli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowgli), a wild man who was orphaned at 5 years old and was raised by the animals in the jungle of India. Sean Naegeli as 5-year-old Mowgli [Cary Elwes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Elwes) as Captain William Boone, Kitty's suitor who desires the wealth of the ancient ruins and leads a mutiny in search of it. [Lena Headey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena_Headey) as Katherine "Kitty" Brydon, the feisty and benevolent daughter of Colonel Brydon who is also the childhood friend and romantic interest of Mowgli. Joanna Wolff as 5-year-old Kitty [Sam Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Neill) as Colonel Geoffrey Brydon, Kitty's firm but reasonable father who is the head of the British army stationed in India. He is also the narrator of the film. [John Cleese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleese) as Dr. Julius Plumford, Colonel Brydon's friend who is the medical professional of Brydon's battalion and who assists Kitty in teaching Mowgli the ways of mankind. [Jason Flemyng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Flemyng) as Lieutenant John Wilkins, a soldier in Brydon's battalion and Boone's close friend. [Stefan Kalipha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Kalipha) as Buldeo, an outlaw who knows about the ancient ruins. He is also the man responsible for provoking Shere Khan and causing the death of Mowgli's father Nathoo. [Ron Donachie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Donachie) as Sergeant Harley, a brutish soldier who sides with Boone in the mutiny. [Anirudh Agarwal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anirudh_Agarwal) as Tabaqui, a ruthless jungle guide working for Boone. He shares the same name as a [golden jackal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_jackal) in Kipling's stories, who was Shere Khan's henchman. [Faran Tahir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faran_Tahir) as Nathoo, Mowgli's father who served as a guide for Colonel Brydon until he was killed by Shere Khan. This was also Tahir's film debut. Sean Naegeli as 5-year-old Mowgli Joanna Wolff as 5-year-old Kitty Trained animals Casey as [Baloo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloo), a [black bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_black_bear) who was rescued by Mowgli as a cub and his best friend among the animals. Shadow as [Bagheera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagheera), a wise [black panther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_panther) who took Mowgli to be raised by the wolves and watches over him. Shannon as [Grey Brother](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Brother), an [Indian wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_wolf) that Mowgli had since childhood and has been his closest companion. Lowell as [King Louie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Louie), an [orangutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan) who is the leader of a community of monkeys in the ancient ruins. Bombay as [Shere Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shere_Khan), a fierce and vicious [Bengal tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_tiger) who is the keeper of the jungle law. Unlike most versions where he is the main villain, this version of the character served as a neutral force of nature in the film. Kaa is portrayed by both a CGI and an animatronic [python](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(genus)), as well as a trained [green anaconda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_anaconda). Other trained animals include [monkeys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monkey), [Indian elephants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_elephant), [camels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel), [horses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse), [zebus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebu), and [wolves](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolves). The sounds used for the monkeys were actually those of [chimpanzees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_chimpanzee) and [siamangs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang). KNB FX Group crew member Shannon Shea doubled for Baloo in certain shots in an animatronic bear suit. Production Pre-production Raju Patel, an Indian producer, figured the 100th anniversary of Kipling's "Jungle Book" stories publication should be commemorated with a film adaptation. On June 7, 1993, [The Walt Disney Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company) secured distribution rights for the film in the United States, the United Kingdom, the [Nordics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_countries), and [Benelux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benelux), in exchange for providing half of the production budget and funding, estimated between $15 and 20 million. In other countries, [MDP Worldwide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDP_Worldwide) ([Mark Damon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Damon)'s company) was the sales agent for the film rights. Disney chairman [Jeffrey Katzenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Katzenberg) saw the potential of adapting the [animated classic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(1967_film)) and assigned Ronald Yonver and Mark Geldman to write the project. Dissatisfied with these scripts, one of which was 180 pages long with no dialogue for the first 70 pages, Katzenberg handed the project to [Stephen Sommers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Sommers) after being satisfied with his work on [The Adventures of Huck Finn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Huck_Finn_(1993_film)). Sommers, who is a huge fan of the original animated film and various jungle adventure films, was eager to do a lush, romantic adventure and to show the beauty of the jungle. Executives were stunned by Sommers' decisions for the project as some were expecting an exact recreation of the original animated film and others wanted a teen romance to be the main focus. Casting [Jason Scott Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Scott_Lee) was Sommers' only choice for [Mowgli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowgli). Disney executives labeled him as "too old" for the role until Sommers convinced them that he would be a much more believable leading man than an unknown teenager. Lee was also cast because the animals reacted to him the best. Sommers and his crew did try to cast actors in India, but due to [Bollywood](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollywood) guidelines, their schedules and limits on the number of films they could work on restricted their involvement. However, they were able to cast [Stefan Kalipha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Kalipha) and [Anirudh Agarwal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anirudh_Agarwal) before they agreed to any Bollywood productions. The casting of [Cary Elwes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Elwes) as Captain William Boone, [Lena Headey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena_Headey) as Kitty Brydon, and [Sam Neill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Neill) as Colonel Geoffrey Brydon soon followed. Neill, in particular, found himself drawn to the role as he comes from a long line of family who served in the British Army during the [Raj](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj). The role of Dr. Julius Plumford was always written for [John Cleese](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleese) but Sommers was discouraged that Cleese would never accept it. Cleese agreed to the role after he received the script and fell in love with it. [Jason Flemyng](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Flemyng) made his film debut with this film and his role grew after Sommers instantly bonded with him. Animals For the principal animal actors, a male [black bear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_black_bear) named Casey was chosen to play a role of [Baloo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloo), a male [panther](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_panther) named Shadow was chosen to play [Bagheera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagheera), a purebred female [wolf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf) named Shannon was chosen to play [Grey Brother](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Brother), a male [tiger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger) named Bombay was chosen to play [Shere Khan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shere_Khan), and a male [orangutan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangutan) named Lowell was chosen to play [King Louie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Louie). Lowell was the only animal to play his character all the way through and, according to Sommers, was the easiest and most entertaining animal to work with. Sommers did not want the animal characters to speak like in the animated film and had them perform with the actors and exhibit natural behavior as much as possible. In total, 52 animals including tigers, leopards, bears, wolves, elephants, bulls, monkeys, and horses appear in the film. Filming Filming in [Jodhpur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jodhpur) in India took eight weeks and included scenes with [rhesus macaques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_macaque) and [Asian elephants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_elephant). Indoor scenes like the lost treasure city set were shot on sound stages in [Bombay](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai). The jungles in India did not have the exact rainforest look envisioned by the filmmakers, so the jungle scenes were mostly shot in [Fripp Island, South Carolina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fripp_Island,_South_Carolina) (scenes featuring Bagheera and Shere Khan) as well as [Ozone Falls State Natural Area](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_Falls_State_Natural_Area) and [Fall Creek Falls State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_Creek_Falls_State_Park) in [Tennessee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee) (scenes featuring Baloo and the wolf pack). Scenes featuring Lowell were shot in a [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles) studio against a blue screen due to the production not being able to bring him to India. One of the Asian elephants in the production was named Shirley, and she lived at [Wild Adventures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Adventures) Theme Park in [Valdosta, Georgia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdosta,_Georgia). Score While electronics dominated most of his work during the early 1990s, composer [Basil Poledouris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil_Poledouris) returned to his symphonic roots for his score to the film. Most European versions of [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Records)'s official CD release include "Two Different Worlds", a pop song performed by [Kenny Loggins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Loggins). <Infotable> The Jungle Book (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) Film scorebyBasil Poledouris Released: December 13, 1994 Genre: Soundtrack Length: 48:20 Label: Milan Records </Infotable> Release The film was released in theaters on December 25, 1994. Home media The film was released by [Buena Vista Home Entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Disney_Studios_Home_Entertainment) on [VHS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHS) and LaserDisc on May 19, 1995. Disney also released the film on [DVD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD) on January 15, 2002. Reception Critical response On [review aggregator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Review_aggregator) website [Rotten Tomatoes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes), the film received an [approval rating](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approval_rating) of 80% based on 44 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book may not hew as closely to the book as its title suggests, but it still offers an entertaining live-action take on a story best known in animated form." The film was well received, with praise for its performances, action, and visuals, but it was also chided for not staying true to Kipling's work, even though his name remains in the title. Most notably, [Roger Ebert](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Ebert) of [The Chicago Sun-Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Sun-Times) shared this sentiment. He said the film "has so little connection to Rudyard Kipling or his classic book that the title is beyond explanation." The sweet innocence of Kipling's fables about a boy who learns to live among the animals is replaced here by an "Indiana Jones" clone, an action thriller that Kipling would have viewed with astonishment. He goes on to say that it is a good film, awarding it three stars out of four, but it does not fit its target audience; some "scenes are unsuitable for small children, and the 'PG' rating is laughable." Brian Lowry of [Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(magazine)) said that "technically, Jungle Book is an encyclopedia of wonders, from the dazzling scenery (shot largely in Jodhpur, India), cinematography, costumes and sets, to the animals, who frequently out-emote their two-legged counterparts. Even so, Book may have been more effective had its story stayed on one page." Rita Kempley from [The Washington Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) was more favorable, stating that "the narrative shifts from romance to adventure the way Cheetah used to hop from foot to foot, but Sommers nevertheless delivers a bully family picture." Box office The film grossed $43.2 million in the United States and Canada. Internationally it grossed $27.5 million for a worldwide total of $70.7 million. Accolades The film was nominated for Excellence in Media's 1994 Golden Angel Award for Best Motion Picture. It was also nominated for [Best Action, Adventure or Thriller Film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Action_or_Adventure_Film) at the [Saturn Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturn_Awards). Year-end lists Honorable mention – Betsy Pickle, [Knoxville News-Sentinel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville_News-Sentinel) Top 18 worst (alphabetically listed, not ranked) – Michael Mills, [The Palm Beach Post](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Palm_Beach_Post) Video game The film was adapted into a 1996 video game, which includes clips from the film, while providing an original story and new characters. The game follows the player in their quest to save the jungle. Soldiers have stolen King Louie's crown and the player must recover it to prevent the jungle from losing its magic. The player is aided by a Scotsman named Ilgwom ("Mowgli" spelled backwards) and his [chimpanzee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee) Lahtee, while also guided by a spirit made from Mowgli's memories.

2024-09-18 16:11:19

Monuments_to_an_Elegy

<Infotable> Monuments to an Elegy Studio albumbyThe Smashing Pumpkins Released: December 9, 2014(2014-12-09) Recorded: March–July 2014 Genre: Alternative rock[1][2]pop rock[3]synth-pop[4] Length: 32:35 Label: Martha's Music Producer: Billy CorganHoward WillingJeff Schroeder The Smashing Pumpkinschronology Oceania(2012)Monuments to an Elegy(2014)Shiny and Oh So Bright, Vol. 1 / LP: No Past. No Future. No Sun.(2018) Oceania(2012) Monuments to an Elegy(2014) Shiny and Oh So Bright, Vol. 1 / LP: No Past. No Future. No Sun.(2018) Oceania(2012) Monuments to an Elegy(2014) Shiny and Oh So Bright, Vol. 1 / LP: No Past. No Future. No Sun.(2018) SinglesfromMonuments to an Elegy "Being Beige"Released: October 20, 2014"One and All (We Are)"Released: November 5, 2014"Drum + Fife"Released: November 20, 2014"Run2me"Released: October 23, 2015 </Infotable> [Alternative rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock) [pop rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_rock) [synth-pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop) [Billy Corgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Corgan) Howard Willing [Jeff Schroeder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Schroeder) "[Being Beige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_Beige)"Released: October 20, 2014 "[One and All (We Are)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_and_All_(song))"Released: November 5, 2014 "[Drum + Fife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_%2B_Fife)"Released: November 20, 2014 "[Run2me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run2me)"Released: October 23, 2015 Monuments to an Elegy is the ninth studio album by American [alternative rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_rock) band [The Smashing Pumpkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smashing_Pumpkins), released on December 9, 2014 on Martha's Music. Band leader [Billy Corgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Corgan) noted that—like the band's previous release, [Oceania](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceania_(The_Smashing_Pumpkins_album))—the album is part of the 34-track music project, [Teargarden by Kaleidyscope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teargarden_by_Kaleidyscope). [[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] It turned out to be the last part of the series due to cancellation of the project in 2018. Corgan and guitarist [Jeff Schroeder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Schroeder) recorded the album as a duo, with [Mötley Crüe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6tley_Cr%C3%BCe)'s [Tommy Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Lee) adding drum parts. This was the last album before the return of original guitarist [James Iha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Iha) and drummer Chamberlin in 2018. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, but sold poorly compared to the band's previous albums, peaking at number 33 in the U.S. and number 59 in the U.K., thus making it (at the time) their lowest charting album in both regions since their debut, [Gish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gish) (1991). Background On March 25, 2014, the band announced that they had signed a record deal with record label [BMG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann_Music_Group). The band's next two albums would be part of the deal: Monuments to an Elegy and Day for Night. On April 29, The Smashing Pumpkins' frontman [Billy Corgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Corgan) stated that the band had chosen the top songs for the album, and that they would be spending the following three days on [drum tracking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_kit), vocal arrangements, lyrics and tweaking of the songs. Corgan described the album's planned sound as being "guitars, guitars, guitars, and more guitars; but more so on the epic side of things than say, grossly metallic." On May 7, it was announced that [Tommy Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Lee), founding member of [Mötley Crüe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6tley_Cr%C3%BCe), would be playing drums on all nine of the album's tracks. According to Corgan, [Jeff Schroeder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Schroeder) was the only person apart from himself officially in the Smashing Pumpkins, and that [Mike Byrne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Byrne_(musician)) and [Nicole Fiorentino](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Fiorentino) were no longer working with the group in any capacity. On July 21, Billy Corgan indicated that recording on Monuments to an Elegy had finished. Mixing for the album commenced on August 18. The album's final release date was announced as December 9. To the suggestion that Monuments… is "a very Smashing Pumpkins-like album", Corgan responded, "I think people are hearing an emotional quality that reminds them of [something in the past](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_Dream). By extension, they assume I'm trying to get back there. But the truth is the opposite – I stopped trying to avoid it. I went off to have this [Hermann Hesse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_Hesse)-style spiritual journey through different sounds and subcultures. And then I came home, and allowed myself to make the music I might naturally make." Release and promotion The album's first single, "[Being Beige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_Beige_(song))", was premiered on [SoundCloud](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoundCloud) on October 20. On November 4, it was revealed that the album's next single would be "One and All", and that it would be released on November 5. On November 17, it was announced that, by preordering the album through participating record stores, you can get a free Monuments to an Elegy sampler, which includes the two previously released singles and the as-of-yet not released "Tiberius". Later that day, "Tiberius" was premiered on [Vice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_(magazine)). On November 20, it was announced that the album's next single would be "[Drum + Fife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_%2B_Fife)", which was released on November 21. On December 2, one week before the physical release, the album was made available for full streaming on [iTunes Radio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes_Radio). The band toured in support of the album starting on November 26, with [Rage Against the Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rage_Against_the_Machine)'s [Brad Wilk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Wilk) filling in on drums and [The Killers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Killers)' [Mark Stoermer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Stoermer) filling in on bass, although Corgan indicated that Wilk and Stoermer may only play at a select set of early shows in their tour. The band promoted the album on [Jimmy Kimmel Live!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel_Live!) on December 10, 2014. They played lead single "[Being Beige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Being_Beige)". Reception <Wikitable> Aggregate scores Source Rating AnyDecentMusic? 6.6/10[27] Metacritic 70/100[28] Review scores Review scores Source Rating AllMusic [29] Chicago Tribune [30] Classic Rock [31] Consequence of Sound B−[32] DIY [33] The Guardian [34] NME 7/10[35] Pitchfork 6.0/10[36] Rolling Stone [4] Uncut 8/10[28] </Wikitable> The album earned generally positive reviews. At [Metacritic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacritic), which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, it holds an [average](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_mean) score of 70 out of 100, which indicates "generally favorable", based on 31 reviews. "Nine ass-booting pop metal [bullets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_with_Butterfly_Wings) with [SR-71 Blackbird](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird) wings," marvelled Classic Rock. "It's not just the most svelte, direct and immediate Pumpkins album ever, it's the most misleadingly titled – these are no funeral dirges, but songs of redemption, recovery and romance, drizzled with [synth-pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synth-pop) and hooks that could send [Cloverfield](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clover_(creature)) to [the canvas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrestling_ring)." [DIY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIY_(magazine)) stated the album "...is certainly the easiest Pumpkins record to listen to since their original reformation in 2006. It acts as something of a midpoint in sound between [Siamese Dream](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_Dream) and 2003's [Zwan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwan) album, [Mary Star of the Sea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Star_of_the_Sea_(album)). This brevity helps to make it such an effortless listen." [Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone)'s Kory Grow described it as a "deep dive into synth pop", and "a surprise" yet authentic because of "Corgan's characteristically acid vocals". Track listing All tracks are written by Billy Corgan Personnel The Smashing Pumpkins [Billy Corgan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Corgan) – vocals, guitar, bass guitar, keyboards and synthesizers [Jeff Schroeder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Schroeder) – guitar Additional musicians [Tommy Lee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Lee) – drums Sstaria (Sheri Shaw) – backing vocals on "Anaise!" Production [David Bottrill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Bottrill) – [mixing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mixing_(recorded_music)) Nikola Dokic – 2nd Engineer Smiley Sean – 2nd Engineer Jonathan DeRing – Assistant Engineer [Howie Weinberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howie_Weinberg) – [mastering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_mastering) Sam Wiewel – 2nd Engineer Howard Willing – production Charts <Wikitable> Chart (2014) Peak position Australian Albums (ARIA)[37] 55 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[38] 136 Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[39] 142 Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[40] 94 German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[41] 62 Italian Albums (FIMI)[42] 95 Irish Albums (IRMA)[43] 83 Scottish Albums (OCC)[44] 60 Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[45] 33 UK Albums (OCC)[46] 59 UK Independent Albums (OCC)[47] 3 US Billboard 200[48] 33 US Independent Albums (Billboard)[49] 1 US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard)[50] 2 US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[51] 6 </Wikitable>

2024-09-18 22:39:24

These_Days_(Foo_Fighters_song)

<Infotable> "These Days" SinglebyFoo Fighters from the albumWasting Light Released: November 1, 2011[1] Genre: Alternative rock,post-grunge Length: 4:58 Label: RCA Songwriter(s): Dave GrohlTaylor HawkinsNate MendelChris ShiflettPat Smear Producer(s): Butch Vig Foo Fighterssingles chronology "Arlandria"(2011)"These Days"(2011)"Bridge Burning"(2012) "Arlandria"(2011) "These Days"(2011) "Bridge Burning"(2012) "Arlandria"(2011) "These Days"(2011) "Bridge Burning"(2012) Music video These DaysonYouTube </Infotable> [Dave Grohl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Grohl) [Taylor Hawkins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Hawkins) [Nate Mendel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate_Mendel) [Chris Shiflett](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Shiflett) [Pat Smear](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Smear) "These Days" is the fourth single, (fifth in the United Kingdom), from the American [rock](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music) band [Foo Fighters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters)' seventh studio album [Wasting Light](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasting_Light). It was written by [Dave Grohl](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Grohl) and co-produced by [Butch Vig](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butch_Vig). Dave Grohl has stated that it is his favorite song that he has ever written. On August 18, 2012, the Foo Fighters performed "These Days" at [Pukkelpop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pukkelpop), as a tribute to the people who either died or were injured there a year earlier, due to a violent thunderstorm that raged over the festival grounds. Music video The official video was released on January 30, 2012. The video featured live shots from their June 2011 Milton Keynes performances, Australian and New Zealand tour. It was directed by [Wayne Isham](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Isham). Reception The writers of [Rolling Stone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling_Stone) magazine named it the fourth best single of the year. As of April 9, 2012 "These Days" spent sixteen weeks on the Australian Singles Chart, and was certified gold in Australia. Charts Weekly charts <Wikitable> Chart (2011–12) Peak position Australia (ARIA)[4] 60 Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders)[6] 10 Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[7] 63 Canada Rock (Billboard)[8] 1 Czech Republic Modern Rock (IFPI)[9] 8 Mexico Ingles Airplay (Billboard)[10] 37 UK Singles (OCC)[11] 169 UK Rock & Metal (OCC)[12] 4 US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[13] 11 US Hot Rock & Alternative Songs (Billboard)[14] 2 </Wikitable> Year-end charts <Wikitable> Chart (2012) Position US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[15] 2 </Wikitable> Certifications <Wikitable> Region Certification Certified units/sales Australia (ARIA)[16] Platinum 70,000‡ ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. </Wikitable> ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

2024-09-18 22:50:25

Dan_&quot;OGRE_1&quot;_Ryan

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2024-09-18 22:28:03

Comeback_(album)

Comeback, The Comeback or Come Back may refer to: General [Comeback (publicity)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(publicity)), a return to prominence by a well-known person [Comeback (retort)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(retort)), a witty response to an insult or criticism [Comeback (sports)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(sports)), an event where an athlete or team losing a contest by a wide margin ultimately prevails [The Comeback (American football)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(American_football)), a 1993 NFL playoff game between the Buffalo Bills and the Houston Oilers [Comeback (sheep)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(sheep)), a breed of domestic sheep [Comeback sauce](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_sauce), a dipping sauce for fried foods or as a salad dressing in the cuisine of central Mississippi [The Comeback Seattle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_Seattle), a defunct gay bar in Seattle, Washington, U.S. [The Comeback (American football)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(American_football)), a 1993 NFL playoff game between the Buffalo Bills and the Houston Oilers Film [The Comeback (1978 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(1978_film)), also known as The Day the Screaming Stopped, a British horror film [The Comeback (1980 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(1980_film)), a documentary about Arnold Schwarzenegger [The Comeback (2001 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(2001_film)), an Italian independent drama film [The Comeback (2010 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(2010_film)), aka Cabotins, a Canadian comedy film directed by Alain Desrochers [The Comeback (2015 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(2015_film)), a Filipino independent comedy film by Ivan Andrew Payawal starring Kaye Abad [Comeback (film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(film)), a 1982 film starring Eric Burdon [Comeback (1983 film)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(1983_film)), or Love Is Forever, a film by Hall Bartlett, starring Michael Landon [The Comebacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comebacks), a 2007 comedy film [Come-Back!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come-Back!), a 1981 Dutch film Music [Comeback (K-pop)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(K-pop)), a Korean pop music marketing term for promotions of an artist's single or album that is not their debut Albums [Comeback (Eric Burdon album)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Eric_Burdon_album)), 1982 [Comeback (Tic Tac Toe album)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Tic_Tac_Toe_album)), 2006 [The Comeback (Zac Brown Band album)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(Zac_Brown_Band_album)), 2021 [The Comeback (EP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(EP)), by Stars, 2001 [Comeback: Single Collection '90–'94](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback:_Single_Collection_%2790%E2%80%93%2794), by Bonnie Tyler, 1994 The Comeback, by [Baby Rasta & Gringo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baby_Rasta_%26_Gringo), 2008 Songs ["Come Back" (Chicane song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Back_(Chicane_song)), 2010 ["Come Back" (Jessica Garlick song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Back_(Jessica_Garlick_song)), 2002 ["Come Back" (The J. Geils Band song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come_Back_(The_J._Geils_Band_song)), 1980 ["Comeback" (Ella Eyre song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Ella_Eyre_song)), 2014 ["Comeback" (Grinspoon song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Grinspoon_song)), 2009 ["The Comeback" (song)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(song)), by Danny Gokey, 2017 "Come Back", by Algebra from [Purpose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpose_(Algebra_album)) "Come Back", by Bananarama from [Wow!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow!_(Bananarama_album)) "Come Back", by Ben Platt from [Reverie](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverie_(Ben_Platt_album)) "Come Back", by Depeche Mode from [Sounds of the Universe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounds_of_the_Universe) "Come Back", by Foo Fighters from [One by One](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_by_One_(Foo_Fighters_album)) "Come Back", by [iamnot](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iamnot) "Come Back", by [Johnny Mathis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Mathis_discography#Singles) "Come Back", by Lazlo Bane from [Back Sides](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_Sides) "Come Back", by [The Mighty Wah!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mighty_Wah!) "Come Back", by Pearl Jam from [Pearl Jam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Jam_(album)) "Come Back", by Usher featuring Jermaine Dupri from [My Way](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Way_(Usher_album)) "Come Back (Before You Leave)", by Roxette from [Tourism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_(Roxette_album)) "Comeback", by Eric Burdon from [Power Company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Company_(album)) "Comeback", by Jonas Brothers from [Happiness Begins](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happiness_Begins) "Comeback", by Kelly Rowland from [Ms. Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ms._Kelly) "The Comeback", by Big Pooh from [The Delightful Bars](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Delightful_Bars) "The Comeback", by Gomez from [Bring It On](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_It_On_(Gomez_album)) "The Comeback", by Joe Williams from [Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Basie_Swings,_Joe_Williams_Sings) "The Comeback", by Shout Out Louds from [Howl Howl Gaff Gaff](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howl_Howl_Gaff_Gaff) Television [Comeback (TV series)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(TV_series)), a Czech sitcom [The Comeback (TV series)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(TV_series)), a series produced by HBO The Comeback, a 1997 [TV series produced by Asia Television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Asia_Television_series) ["The Comeback" (Seinfeld)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(Seinfeld)), a 1997 episode of Seinfeld ["Comeback" (Glee)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Glee)), a 2011 episode of Glee ["Comeback" (Land of the Giants)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comeback_(Land_of_the_Giants)), a 1969 episode of Land of the Giants Literature [The Comeback (novel)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(novel)), a 1985 novel by Ed Vega [The Comeback (play)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Comeback_(play)), a 2020 comedy by Ben Ashenden and Alex Owen of the double act The Pin The Comeback, a play by [A. R. Gurney](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._R._Gurney)

2024-09-18 17:56:44

Live_Your_Life_(T.I._song)

<Infotable> "Live Your Life" SinglebyT.I.featuringRihanna from the albumPaper Trail B-side: "Collect Call" Released: September 8, 2008(2008-09-08) Recorded: August 2007 Genre: Hip hopR&Bpop[1] Length: 5:38(main version)4:01(radio edit) Label: Grand HustleAtlantic Songwriter(s): Dan BălanClifford HarrisMakeba RiddickJustin Smith Producer(s): Just BlazeCanei Finch T.I.singles chronology "Ready for Whatever"(2008)"Live Your Life"(2008)"Just Like Me"(2008) "Ready for Whatever"(2008) "Live Your Life"(2008) "Just Like Me"(2008) "Ready for Whatever"(2008) "Live Your Life"(2008) "Just Like Me"(2008) Rihannasingles chronology "Disturbia"(2008)"Live Your Life"(2008)"Rehab"(2008) "Disturbia"(2008) "Live Your Life"(2008) "Rehab"(2008) "Disturbia"(2008) "Live Your Life"(2008) "Rehab"(2008) Music video "Live Your Life"onYouTube </Infotable> [Hip hop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_hop_music)[R&B](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B)[pop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music) 5:38 (main version)4:01 (radio edit) [Grand Hustle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hustle_Records)[Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Records) [Dan Bălan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_B%C4%83lan)[Clifford Harris](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.I.)[Makeba Riddick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeba_Riddick)[Justin Smith](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_Blaze) [Just Blaze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_Blaze)Canei Finch "Live Your Life" is a song by American [rapper](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapping) [T.I.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.I.), featuring Barbadian singer [Rihanna](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihanna), from T.I.'s sixth studio album, [Paper Trail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paper_Trail) (2008). It was released as the seventh [single](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_(music)) from the album on September 8, 2008. The song's lyrics speak of T.I.'s rise to fame and optimism of the future. It also gives dedication to the American troops fighting in [Iraq](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War). The song both samples and [interpolates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpolation_(popular_music)) the 2003 song "[Dragostea Din Tei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragostea_Din_Tei)" by [O-Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Zone). "Live Your Life" was a commercial success worldwide. In the United States, the song topped the [Billboard Hot 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100), marking T.I.'s third number-one single, and Rihanna's fifth. The song also attained top ten placements in twelve other countries, reaching the top five in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Furthermore, "Live Your Life" topped the US [Mainstream Top 40](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_Top_40) and [Rap Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_Songs) charts and reached number two on the [Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart. The song was T.I.'s highest charting and most successful single worldwide until "[Blurred Lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blurred_Lines)" in 2013. The song's accompanying music video, directed by [Anthony Mandler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mandler), depicts a story of T.I.'s rise to fame in a narrated form, featuring Rihanna performing in a dressing room and bar. The duo performed "Live Your Life" at the [2008 MTV Video Music Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_MTV_Video_Music_Awards). The song is featured in the 2009 film [The Hangover](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hangover) as well as the trailer, the 2015 film [Daddy's Home](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daddy%27s_Home_(film)) and in the 2021 film [The Mitchells vs. the Machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mitchells_vs._the_Machines). Background and release "Live Your Life" includes a sample of the chorus of the [O-Zone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Zone) song "[Dragostea Din Tei](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragostea_Din_Tei)" at its beginning and ending, as well as an interpolation of the chorus, with English-language lyrics sung by Rihanna, at the beginning. The song was produced by [Just Blaze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_Blaze) and [Makeba Riddick](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makeba_Riddick), and was written by T.I., Just Blaze (credited as Justin Smith) and Riddick. [Moldovan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova) singer-songwriter [Dan Bălan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Balan), who wrote "Dragostea Din Tei", is also credited as a writer. Of Rihanna's involvement, T.I. later stated, "It was a back and forth studio thing with Rihanna. I picked her. I was just able to 'hear' her voice on this record. I could hear her, so I reached out and she said, 'Yes,' thankfully." The first unfinished version of "Live Your Life" leaked onto the Internet on August 26, 2008. The official album version additionally contains Rihanna's own verse, and T.I.'s spoken-word introduction, in which he states, "Ay... This a special what's happenin' to all my, all my soldiers over there in Iraq. Errbody right here, what you need to do is be thankful for the life you got you know what I'm sayin'? Stop lookin' at what you ain't got, start and be thankful for what you do got. Let's give it to 'em baby girl". The radio edit lasts for a duration of 4:01, while the album version is 5:39 long, including extended verses from Rihanna. "Live Your Life" was released in the United States on September 23, 2008.[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] A worldwide release of the song followed on September 26 as a digital download via [iTunes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITunes). It was sent to US [rhythmic contemporary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_contemporary) radio on October 20, 2008. Critical reception Alex Fletcher of [Digital Spy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Spy) awarded "Live Your Life" two out of five stars saying, "While some will be charmed by T.I's well-meaning lyrics and Rihanna's hypnotic chorus hooks, others will find the mixture of samples and robotic effects grating. Our view? Well, hats off to Rihanna for finally taking time out from mining her [Good Girl Gone Bad](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Girl_Gone_Bad) album, but it's a shame she had to waste her break on a naff novelty release like this." Weekly newspaper [The Village Voice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voice) put "Live Your Life" at number 13 on their annual [Pazz & Jop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazz_%26_Jop) critics' poll in 2008; T.I.'s song "[Whatever You Like](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever_You_Like_(T.I._song))" ended up at number 14 on the same poll. Chart performance North America In the United States, "Live Your Life" debuted at number 80 on the [Billboard Hot 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_Hot_100) for the chart week of October 11, 2008. The song surged to number one the following week, setting a record for the highest jump to number one in history, a feat previously set by T.I. himself six weeks prior with his song "[Whatever You Like](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever_You_Like_(T.I._song))", which jumped from number 71 to number one on the chart. However, this record was broken again the following week by [Britney Spears](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britney_Spears)' "[Womanizer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Womanizer_(song))" that jumped from number 96 to one. The song marked T.I.'s second Hot 100 number one as a lead artist, and third overall, while it became Rihanna's fifth chart topper. With the latter, Rihanna became the first female artist to have five number ones in the 21st century. In addition, "Live Your Life" replaced "Whatever You Like" at number one on the Hot 100, making T.I. the ninth artist to replace themselves at number one in the history of the chart. "Whatever You Like" simultaneously occupied the number two position on the chart that week, marking the first time an artist has held the top two positions since [Akon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akon) in 2006. "Live Your Life" had three separate runs at number one on the Hot 100. Prior to this, the only other songs to have three separate turns at the top had been "[Le Freak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Freak)" by [Chic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chic_(band)) in late 1978 and early 1979 plus two other 2008 chart-toppers, [Leona Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leona_Lewis)' "[Bleeding Love](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleeding_Love)" and T.I's own "Whatever You Like". For the issue dated December 6, 2008, "Live Your Life" topped the US [Pop Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_Songs) chart, marking T.I.'s first ever number one single on the chart, and Rihanna's fourth. The single held the top spot for two non-consecutive weeks. The song also topped the [Rap Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rap_Songs) chart for ten consecutive weeks. The song entered the US [Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_R%26B/Hip-Hop_Songs) chart as the week's "Hot Shot Debut" at number 77. The following week, it rose to number 38. After ten weeks on the chart, the song made a final peak of number two, where it remained for ten consecutive weeks, being barred from the top spot by [Beyoncé](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9)'s hit single "[Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_Ladies_(Put_a_Ring_on_It))". The song was certified triple-platinum by the [RIAA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIAA) and it has sold 4.7 million copies in the US. The song also peaked at number four on the [Canadian Hot 100](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Hot_100). Oceania and Europe In New Zealand, "Live Your Life" debuted at number 23 on October 6, 2008. It entered the top ten in its third week on the chart, steadily rising over the following weeks culminating in its number two peak on December 8, 2008. The song was certified Platinum by the [Recording Industry Association of New Zealand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recording_Industry_Association_of_New_Zealand) for sales of 15,000 copies. On the [Australian Singles Chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARIA_Charts), the song debuted at number 48 on October 26, 2008. By its fourth week, it had reached the top ten of the chart. The song reached its peak of number three on December 21, where it remained for four consecutive weeks. It received a Platinum certification from the [Australian Recording Industry Association](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Recording_Industry_Association) for sales of 70,000 copies. In the United Kingdom, "Live Your Life" entered the [UK Singles Chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart) at number 39 for the week dated November 15, 2008. The following week, it surged to number two, automatically becoming T.I.'s highest-charting single in the country. It also gave Rihanna her sixth top two single on the chart. The song debuted at number three on the [Irish Singles Chart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Singles_Chart), giving T.I. his highest-charting single in the country. It also gave Rihanna her tenth top ten in the region. Music video The music video for "Live Your Life" was filmed in October 2008 in [Los Angeles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles) and was directed by [Anthony Mandler](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mandler). The video, using the radio edit of the song, features both T.I. and Rihanna. It plays backwards, starting with the end of T.I.'s day. In the opening scene, T.I. is shown walking along the [Los Angeles River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_River) in a suit with bloody wounds culminating in the song beginning. It then goes into a series of underground shots of him with interspersed scenes of Rihanna in a dressing room. T.I. is then shown being thrown out of a car, in the Los Angeles river. The video then cuts again to the day with T.I. wearing the same suit seen earlier in the video, but undamaged. He then encounters a group of thugs whom he brawls with. The video then begins a different story arc, showing T.I. before he made his fortune, rapping in a recording studio and in front of a house playing dice and dominoes with friends. This portion of the video is interspersed with clips of the other story arc, such as showing T.I. with a briefcase full of money. He is then shown in the bathroom of a bar, before walking out into the bar passing Rihanna who has exited her dressing room. Rihanna performs on stage with a microphone while T.I. talks to a man saying "I want out."; the man replies by explaining that there is no getting out, not for him nor for the character that Rihanna plays. T.I slams the money briefcase down on the table and shows it to the man saying that "I'm done. I got myself here, I'll get myself out". Then he is seen walking into that same bar, in a flashback, with a CD in his hand. The man that T.I. spoke to earlier calls him over. This is a flashback showing T.I. trying to get a record deal. The last shot of the video takes place at around the same time as the first shot of the video. T.I. is walking down the [Los Angeles River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_River), raising his hands triumphantly in the air with a bloodied and scarred face. The song's producer, [Just Blaze](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just_Blaze), is briefly seen playing pool in the bar during the second verse and final chorus. Live performances T.I. performed the track with Rihanna at the [2008 MTV Video Music Awards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_MTV_Video_Music_Awards) on September 7, 2008, following a solo performance of "[Whatever You Like](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever_You_Like)" prior. The track was included on the set list of Rihanna's [Last Girl on Earth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Girl_on_Earth) (2010–11) in a medley with Rihanna's own "[Wait Your Turn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wait_Your_Turn)", and the [Jay-Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay-Z), Rihanna and [Kanye West](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West) single "[Run This Town](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_This_Town)". It was also performed with "Run This Town" on Rihanna's [Loud Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loud_Tour) (2011), promotional tour [777 Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihanna_777_Documentary..._7Countries7Days7Shows) (2012), [Rock in Rio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Rio) performance (2015) and [Anti World Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti_World_Tour) (2016). Awards <Wikitable> Year Ceremony Award Result 2009 ASCAP Pop Music Awards Most Performed Song Won 2009 BMI Urban Awards Award-Winning Songs Won 2009 Barbados Music Awards Best Collaboration Nominated 2009 BET Awards Best Collaboration Nominated 2009 BET Awards Video of the Year Nominated 2009 BET Awards Viewer's Choice Award Won 2009 BET Hip-Hop Awards Best Hip-Hop Collaboration Won 2009 BET Hip-Hop Awards Best Hip-Hop Video Won 2009 BET Hip-Hop Awards Track of the Year Nominated 2009 MTV Australia Awards Best Collaboration Won 2009 MTV Video Music Awards Japan Best Collaboration Nominated 2009 MTV Video Music Awards Japan Best Hip-Hop Video Nominated 2009 MTV Video Music Awards Best Male Video Won 2009 MuchMusic Video Awards Best International Artist Video Nominated 2009 Teen Choice Awards Choice Music: Hook Up Nominated 2010 ASCAP Pop Music Awards Most Performed Song Won 2010 ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Music Awards Most Performed Song Won 2010 ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Music Awards Song R&B/Hip-Hop Won 2010 ASCAP Rhythm & Soul Music Awards Song Rap Won 2010 BMI Urban Awards Award-Winning Songs Won 2010 BMI Urban Awards EMI Music Publishing Won 2010 BMI Pop Awards Publisher of the Year Won 2010 BMI Pop Awards Award-Winning Songs Won 2010 People's Choice Awards Favorite Music Collaboration Nominated </Wikitable> Track listing Charts Weekly charts <Wikitable> Chart (2008–2009) Peak position Australia (ARIA)[21] 3 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[22] 5 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[23] 15 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[24] 19 Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[25] 4 CIS (TopHit)[26] 195 Croatia (HRT)[27] 2 Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100)[28] 6 Denmark (Tracklisten)[29] 15 Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[30] 4 Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[31] 9 France (SNEP)[32] 17 Germany (Official German Charts)[33] 12 Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[34] 33 Ireland (IRMA)[35] 3 Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[36] 5 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[37] 21 New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[38] 2 Norway (VG-lista)[39] 6 Scotland (OCC)[40] 9 Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[41] 37 Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[42] 6 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[43] 8 UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC)[44] 1 UK Singles (OCC)[45] 2 US Billboard Hot 100[46] 1 US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[47] 2 US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard)[48] 1 US Pop Airplay (Billboard)[49] 1 US Rhythmic (Billboard)[50] 1 </Wikitable> Year-end charts <Wikitable> Chart (2008) Position Australia (ARIA)[51] 45 Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[52] 98 Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[53] 99 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[54] 83 UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[55] 38 US Billboard Hot 100[56] 37 US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[57] 62 </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Chart (2009) Position Australia (ARIA)[58] 75 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[59] 71 Brazil (Crowley)[60] 39 Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[61] 24 Germany (Official German Charts)[62] 94 Hungary (Mahasz)[63] 144 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[64] 70 UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[65] 137 US Billboard Hot 100[66] 18 US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[67] 17 US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[68] 15 US Rhythmic (Billboard)[69] 10 </Wikitable> Decade-end charts <Wikitable> Chart (2000–2009) Rank Australia Singles (ARIA) [70] 81 US Billboard Hot 100 37 </Wikitable> All-time charts <Wikitable> Chart (1958–2018) Position US Billboard Hot 100[71] 202 </Wikitable> Certifications <Wikitable> Region Certification Certified units/sales Australia (ARIA)[72] Platinum 70,000^ Italy (FIMI)[73] Gold 50,000‡ New Zealand (RMNZ)[74] Platinum 15,000* United Kingdom (BPI)[75] 2× Platinum 1,200,000‡ United States (RIAA)[76] 3× Platinum 4,700,000[11] United States (RIAA)[76] Mastertone Platinum 1,000,000^ * Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. * Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. * Sales figures based on certification alone. ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. ‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. </Wikitable> * Sales figures based on certification alone.^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. Release history <Wikitable> Region Date Format Label(s) Ref. United States September 23, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [citation needed] Australia September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [77] Austria September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [78] Belgium September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [79] Canada September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [80] Denmark September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [81] Finland September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [82] France September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [83] Ireland September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [84] Italy September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [85] Mexico September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [86] Netherlands September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [87] New Zealand September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [88] Norway September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [89] Spain September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [90] Sweden September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [91] Switzerland September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [92] United Kingdom September 26, 2008 Digital download Atlantic [20] United States October 20, 2008 Rhythmic contemporary radio Def JamGrand HustleIsland Def JamAtlantic [3] United Kingdom November 24, 2008 CD Atlantic [93] </Wikitable> [Def Jam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Def_Jam_Recordings)[Grand Hustle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Hustle_Records)[Island Def Jam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Island_Def_Jam_Music_Group)[Atlantic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Records) Legacy Eventually after the song was released, official remixes were released with American rappers [Pitbull](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)) and [Rick Ross](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Ross). In 2009, Nicki Minaj, Brinx and Busta Rhymes sampled "Live Your Life" on the song "[Mind on My Money](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_on_My_Money)". In the 2021 animated film [The Mitchells vs. the Machines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Mitchells_vs._the_Machines), Rick Mitchell and his daughter Katie Mitchell sing in their remix.

2024-09-18 22:34:03

Maniac_(2011_film)

<Infotable> Maniac Promotional poster Directed by: Shia LaBeouf Written by: Shia LaBeoufKid CudiCage Produced by: Jeff BalisT. J. SakasegawaLorenzo Eduardo Starring: Shia LaBeoufKid CudiCage Cinematography: Phedon Papamichael Edited by: Justin Mitchell Music by: Scott MescudiDot da Genius Productioncompanies: Grassy SlopeRagin4DayzDilated Pixels Distributed by: Gaiam Vivendi Entertainment Release date: October 31, 2011(2011-10-31)(United States) Running time: 10 minutes Country: United States Language: French </Infotable> Jeff Balis T. J. Sakasegawa Lorenzo Eduardo Shia LaBeouf [Kid Cudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Cudi) [Cage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(rapper)) Scott Mescudi [Dot da Genius](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot_da_Genius) Grassy Slope Ragin4Dayz Dilated Pixels October 31, 2011(2011-10-31) (United States) Maniac is an American [short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film) [slasher film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slasher_film), directed by [Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf). It was released for free on [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube), on October 31, 2011. The short film stars American rappers [Scott "Kid Cudi" Mescudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Cudi) and [Chris "Cage" Palko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(rapper)) as [French](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language)-speaking [serial killers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_killer). Mescudi and Palko also co-wrote the film with LaBeouf. Synopsis A filmmaker ([Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf)) documents the exploits of two serial killers ([Scott Mescudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Cudi) and [Chris Palko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(rapper))). Background [Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf) first directed a [music video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_video) for New York-based rapper [Cage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(rapper)) in 2009, for his track "I Never Knew You": "I'm 22 and I'm directing my favorite rapper's music video," LaBeouf told [LA Weekly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LA_Weekly) of the project, "This shit is better than riding unicorns." It was through that project that he met Cleveland-bred rapper [Kid Cudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Cudi), which led to LaBeouf filming and directing Kid Cudi's video for "[Marijuana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_(song))", which was shot at the 2010 [High Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Times) [Cannabis Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_Cup) in [Amsterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam). LaBeouf subsequently went on to collaborate with Cudi and Cage on a [short film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film) titled MANIAC. Kid Cudi first spoke of the short film on March 5, 2011, via his [Twitter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) feed, when he announced: "[the] maniac horror [short](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film) will be released on [halloween](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween), [rager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Rager) short this summer, [marijuana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marijuana_(song)) video this spring. i got you guys, no worries." The short film was inspired by Cudi's song of the same name, from his 2010 album [Man on the Moon II: The Legend of Mr. Rager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_on_the_Moon_II:_The_Legend_of_Mr._Rager) and is an homage to the 1992 [Belgian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium) [black comedy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_comedy) crime mockumentary, [Man Bites Dog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_Bites_Dog_(film)). In an interview with [Complex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_(magazine)), Cudi went into detail about the short film, as he discussed how Shia LaBeouf reached out to him to do the project, playing the role of a killer, funding the video and why was it in French: "It was me creating the back story for this person in my mind. What you see just seems like senseless acts of crime happening but in my character’s mind it was always justified. When you watch it, it’s like, ‘Why are these things happening?’ You want answers but there's no answers really given. When I was in character, it was always justified for me." He also added "When it came time to shoot, it was as real as possible and you were scared of this character. I literally transformed into this person. I didn’t talk much on set, didn’t crack many jokes, I kept to myself." Release On June 3, 2011, Kid Cudi released the first [trailer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailer_(promotion)) for the short film. On October 31, 2011, in the spirit of [Halloween](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween), Kid Cudi released the short film via [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube). Cast [Scott Mescudi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Mescudi) as Twisted Killer [Chris Palko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(rapper)) as Dark Killer [Shia LaBeouf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_LaBeouf) as The Director Ron Ayers as Sound Man Ariel M. Carlson as Murdered Woman in Park Jeremy Cook as Pedestrian Erika Hoveland as Waitress Bill Lumbert as French Diner Stud Sydney Lumbert as Hallway Girl Melissa Marra as Restaurant Patron Eric Adam Swenson as Diner Patron Bryan Valko as Shotgun Murder Victim Laurie Valko as Murder Victim Johnny Marra as Restaurant Patron (uncredited)

2024-09-18 16:15:25

Garden_City,_New_York

<Infotable> Garden City, New York Village Incorporated Village of Garden City Garden City's town center in August 2017 FlagSeal Nickname:"Stewart's Folly" Location inNassau Countyand the state ofNew York Garden City, New YorkLocation on Long IslandShow map of Long IslandGarden City, New YorkLocation within the state of New YorkShow map of New York Coordinates:40°43′37″N73°38′59″W / 40.72694°N 73.64972°W /40.72694; -73.64972 Country: United States State: New York County: Nassau Towns: HempsteadNorth Hempstead Incorporated: 1919 Founded by: Alexander Turney Stewart Government •Mayor: Mary Carter Flanagan •Trustees: Trustees' List• Bruce J. Chester• Edward T. Finneran• Michele Beach Harrington• Charles P. Kelly• Lawrence N. Marciano, Jr.• Michael J. Sullivan• Bruce A. Torino Area[1] • Total: 5.36 sq mi (13.87 km2) • Land: 5.33 sq mi (13.80 km2) • Water: 0.03 sq mi (0.07 km2) Elevation: 89 ft (27 m) Population(2020) • Total: 23,272 • Density: 4,367.87/sq mi (1,686.39/km2) Time zone: UTC-5(Eastern (EST)) • Summer (DST): UTC-4(EDT) ZIP Code: 11530 Area codes: 516, 363 FIPS code: 36-28178 GNISfeature ID: 0950875 Website: www.gardencityny.net </Infotable> • Bruce J. Chester• Edward T. Finneran• Michele Beach Harrington• Charles P. Kelly• Lawrence N. Marciano, Jr.• Michael J. Sullivan• Bruce A. Torino Garden City is a [village](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_New_York_(state)#Village) located in [Nassau County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York), on [Long Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island), in [New York](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(state)), United States. The population was 23,272 at the time of the 2020 census. The Incorporated Village of Garden City is primarily located within the [Town of Hempstead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York), with the exception being a small area at the northern tip of the village located within the [Town of North Hempstead](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Hempstead,_New_York). It is the Greater Garden City area's anchor community. History 19th century In 1869, Irish-born millionaire [Alexander Turney Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Turney_Stewart) bought a portion of the lightly populated [Hempstead Plains](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempstead_Plains). In a letter, Stewart described his intentions for Garden City: Having been informed that interested parties are circulating statements to the effect that my purpose in desiring to purchase the Hempstead Plains is to devote them to the erection of tenement houses, and public charities of a like character, etc. I consider it proper to state that my only object in seeking to acquire these lands is to devote them to the usual purposes for which such lands, so located, should be applied that is, open them by constructing extensive public roads, laying out the lands in parcels for sale to actual settlers, and erecting at various points attractive buildings and residences, so that a barren waste may speedily be covered by a population desirable in every respect as neighbour taxpayers and as citizens. In doing this I am prepared and would be willing to expend several millions of dollars. The central attraction of the new community was the [Garden City Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Hotel). It was replaced by a new hotel in 1895, designed by the acclaimed firm of [McKim, Mead & White](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKim,_Mead_%26_White). This hotel was destroyed by fire in 1899 and then rebuilt and expanded, before being replaced again in 1983. The hotel still stands on the original grounds, as do many nearby [Victorian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_architecture) homes. Access to Garden City was provided by the [Central Railroad of Long Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Railroad_of_Long_Island), another Stewart project which he undertook at the same time. This railroad, in conjunction with the Flushing & North Side Railroad, ran from Long Island City through Garden City to Farmingdale (with a spur to the location of the Stewart's brickworks in Bethpage), and then to Babylon. It opened in 1873, with a branch to Hempstead. Stewart's wife, Cornelia, founded the Cathedral Schools of St. Paul (for boys) and St. Mary (for girls), [[a]](https://en.wikipedia.org#cite_note-12) a Bishop's Residence and the Gothic [Cathedral of the Incarnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Incarnation_(Garden_City,_New_York)), which is today the center of the [Episcopal Diocese of Long Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Diocese_of_Long_Island), as well as the final resting place of Alexander Turney Stewart and Cornelia Stewart. This elaborate memorial was completed in 1885. Mrs. Stewart died the following year. In 2008, the Cathedral of the Incarnation underwent a multimillion-dollar renovation and rehabilitation project, which was completed in 2012. Voters selected [Mineola](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineola,_New_York) (in the town of North Hempstead) to be the county seat for the new county of Nassau in November 1898 (before Mineola incorporated as a village in 1906 and set its boundaries), winning out over Hicksville and Hempstead. The Garden City Company (founded in 1893 by the heirs of Alexander Turney Stewart) donated 4 acres (1.6 ha) of land for the county buildings just south of the Mineola train station and the present-day Incorporated Village of Mineola, in the Town of Hempstead. The land and the buildings have a Mineola postal address but are within the present-day village of Garden City, which did not incorporate, or set its boundaries, until 1919. The early village did well due to its proximity to Hempstead, which was at that time the commercial center of Long Island. In time, thanks to the railroad and to automobiles, as well, Garden City's population increased. In its early years, the press referred to Garden City as "Stewart's Folly" due to the lack of residents that Stewart had envisioned would populate his project. 20th century In 1910, [Doubleday, Page, and Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)), one of the world's most important publishers, moved its operations to the east side of Franklin Avenue and had its own train station called Country Life Press added nearby. The Doubleday company purchased much of the land on the west side of Franklin Avenue, and built estate homes for many of its executives on Fourth Street. In 1916, company co-founder and Garden City resident [Walter Hines Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Hines_Page) was named [Ambassador to Great Britain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Kingdom). The area to the west of Garden City, named Garden City Estates, was established in 1907. It was merged with Garden City with both incorporated as the Village of Garden City in 1919. Garden City's growth promoted the development of many nearby towns, including [Stewart Manor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Manor,_New_York), [Garden City Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Park,_New_York), [Garden City South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_South,_New_York) and [East Garden City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Garden_City,_New_York). The Village is home to three golf courses, the first having been laid out under the direction of [Devereux Emmet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devereux_Emmet) in 1896, now called the Garden City Golf Club. Subsequently, the now-named Cherry Valley Club (originally Salisbury Club) and Garden City Country Club were opened. For a short time in the late 1920s a fourth course existed, the Old Westbury Golf Club (initially the Intercollegiate Golf Club), east of Clinton Road. Aviation played a big role in the history of the Village. The Nassau Boulevard Aerodrome, west of the Estates section, hosted the Second International Aviation Meet in 1911, which featured the first official airmail service. Other airfields included the Washington Avenue Field and the Hempstead Aerodrome, which ultimately became Roosevelt Field before being replaced by the Roosevelt Field Mall in the 1950s. In the 1920s, the community continued to grow, with houses built in Garden City Estates as well as the eastern section of Garden City. Housing construction slowed after the [1929 stock market crash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929). But in the 1930s, hundreds of houses were built to accommodate a population boom, though Garden City used a strict zoning code to preserve Stewart's vision. The Village retained a sense of orderly development, true to its rigorously planned roots. Starting in the 1930s many branches of well-known New York City stores, including [Best & Co.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_%26_Co.), [Saks Fifth Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue), [Bloomingdale's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomingdale%27s), and [Lord & Taylor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_%26_Taylor), opened along Franklin Avenue. All of these have subsequently closed due to relocation to nearby Roosevelt Field Mall or closure. The large buildings have been rebuilt as office spaces. After World War II, following a trend of urban residents moving to the suburbs, Garden City continued to grow. Post-war construction filled out the present borders of Garden City with many [split-level](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split-level_home) and [ranch-style](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranch-style_house) homes, with construction occurring in the town's far eastern, northern and western sections.[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] The [Waldorf School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education) of Garden City was founded in 1947 (one of the first Waldorf schools in the United States), originally as a part of [Adelphi University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphi_University). The village's [new public high school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_High_School_(New_York)) was also constructed in 1956, supplementing the original Cherry Valley school, which had opened in 1925. The flat expanse of the land adjacent to Garden City allowed its use for military activities. For the Civil War, Camp Winfield Scott existed, for the Spanish-American War of 1898, Camp Black was established, and for World War I in 1917, Camp Albert Mills occupied land in the southeast part of the village. Although Camp Mills was decommissioned after the war, the airbase [Mitchel Field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchel_Air_Force_Base), which was established at the same time just east of the Village, existed until 1962. In the 1960s, The World discotheque in Garden City featured multi-media supplied by [USCO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USCO). In the 1970s, the old Garden City Hotel declared bankruptcy and subsequently closed, and was ultimately demolished in 1973. A new Garden City Hotel was constructed on the site of the old Garden City Hotel. In 1978, fifty of the original structures collectively known as the [A. T. Stewart Era Buildings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._T._Stewart_Era_Buildings) were designated a national [historic district](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States) and listed on the [National Register of Historic Places](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places). In 1989, St. Paul's School also closed and in 1993 was purchased by the Village of Garden City, eventually designating St. Paul's and its property as "[park land](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park). St. Mary's School, the sister school of St. Paul's, was demolished in 2002. Since then, six large single-family houses have been built on the property. The Garden City Public Library, first established in 1952 as a volunteer service, now serves its residents from its building erected in 1973. On December 7, 1993, the Long Island Rail Road's [Merillon Avenue station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merillon_Avenue_station), which is located within the village, was the location of the [Long Island Rail Road massacre](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road_massacre) in which six people were murdered and 19 injured in a racially motivated mass shooting perpetrated by Colin Ferguson, a black Jamaican immigrant. 21st century Garden City lost 23 residents during the [September 11 attacks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks) on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Every year on the anniversary of the attack, the Garden City Fire Department holds a remembrance ceremony. A bell tolls after the reading of each of the 23 residents' names, which are etched in the memorial monument stone on the Village Green. Geography According to the [U.S. Census Bureau](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau), the village has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km2), all land. The village lost some territory between the 1990 census and the 2000 census. Garden City is located approximately 18.5 miles (29.8 km) east of [Midtown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan) [Manhattan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan) in [New York City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City).[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] Greater Garden City area In addition to the Incorporated Village of Garden City, the Garden City 11530 ZIP code includes another incorporated village, [Stewart Manor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Manor,_New_York), as well as two unincorporated areas of the Town of Hempstead: [Garden City South](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_South,_New_York) and [East Garden City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Garden_City,_New_York) – the latter of which was absorbed by the CDP of [Uniondale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniondale,_New_York) in the 2010s. Demographics As of the [census](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census) of 2020, 23,272 people lived in Garden City. The population density was 4,059.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,567.4/km2). The town included 7,715 housing units at an average density of 1,415.2 units per square mile (546.4 units/km2). The [racial makeup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census) of the village was 88.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.0% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population. Garden City included 7,338 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.8% were [married couples](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage) living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.27. In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 20 to 24, 7.2% from 25 to 34, 42.6% over 45, 21.6% over 60 and 1.9% who were over the age of 85. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males. As of the census of 2020, the median income for a household in the village was $186,607. The [per capita income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income) for the village was $83,823. Government As of April 2023, the Mayor of Garden City is Mary Carter Flanagan and the Village Trustees are Bruce J. Chester, Edward T. Finneran, Michele Beach Harrington, Charles P. Kelly, Lawrence N. Marciano Jr., Michael J. Sullivan, and Bruce A. Torino. The Village Administrator is [Ralph V. Suozzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_V._Suozzi), the former Mayor of the [City of Glen Cove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Cove,_New_York) and the cousin of Congressman [Thomas R. Suozzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Suozzi). From its inception until 2021, the Mayor and Trustees were elected via a "Community Agreement" in which the four Property Owners' Associations, representing different areas of the Village, held primary elections in January. Winners were entered on the official ballot in March as the "Community Agreement Party" without opposition. Other departments Garden City has its own police department and volunteer fire department. Firefighting operations are conducted from three fire houses across the Village. The Department of Recreation and Parks maintains many programs for Village residents, and operates the Community Pool in the Summer months. The Senior Center is used by all ages for meetings and recreational activities. In addition, this commission is responsible for the maintenance of the trees located on streets and municipal property. One of the most important features of the Village is the prohibition of power lines on most streets, allowing the proper development of its street trees. The Department of Public Works is responsible for the upkeep of the Village. Its equipment is maintained by its own staff at its municipal garage. It provides garbage and rubbish collection, water service, and street maintenance including snow plowing. Education Public schools All of Garden City is within the boundaries of the [Garden City Union Free School District](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Union_Free_School_District). As such, most students who reside within Garden City and attend public schools go to Garden City's schools. Private schools One [independent school](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_school), the [Waldorf School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education) of Garden City (grades pre-K–12), and two [Roman Catholic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church) elementary schools (K–8), St. Joseph School and St. Anne School, are in Garden City. The former St. Paul's School and St. Mary's School are now defunct.[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] Higher education In 1929, Adelphi College, which later became [Adelphi University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphi_University), moved from [Brooklyn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn) to its present 76-acre (31 ha) campus in Garden City, becoming the first four-year college in Nassau or Suffolk counties. Infrastructure Transportation [Clinton Road (Nassau County Route 1)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Cove_Road) traverses the village and is one of its major north–south thoroughfares. [Old Country Road (Nassau County Route 25)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Country_Road) forms much of Garden City's northern border. Other major roads within the village are Franklin Avenue, Rockaway Avenue, Nassau Boulevard, New Hyde Park Road, [Stewart Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Route_177_(Nassau_County,_New_York)), and Washington Avenue. The Village of Garden City maintains approximately 74 miles (119 km) of roads. Much of Garden City's street network is laid out to resemble the [traditional street grid](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street_grid). A major exception is the Mott Section, which features a series of parallel, semicircular streets and numerous north–south streets connecting the crescents. There are five [Long Island Rail Road](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road) (LIRR) train stations in the village: [Stewart Manor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart_Manor_(LIRR_station)), [Nassau Boulevard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Boulevard_(LIRR_station)), [Garden City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_(LIRR_station)), and [Country Life Press](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_Life_Press_(LIRR_station)) on the LIRR's [Hempstead Branch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempstead_Branch) – and [Merillon Avenue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merillon_Avenue_station) on the LIRR's [Main Line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Line_(Long_Island_Rail_Road)). Several bus lines traverse the village provided by [Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_Inter-County_Express). Utilities [National Grid USA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Grid_USA) provides [natural gas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas) to homes and businesses that are hooked up to natural gas lines in Garden City. [PSEG Long Island](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEG_Long_Island) provides power to all homes and businesses within Garden City. Garden City is connected to [sanitary sewers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitary_sewer). The village maintains a sanitary sewer system which flows into [Nassau County's system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassau_County_Sewage_District), which treats the sewage from the village's system through the Nassau County-owned [sewage treatment plants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage_treatment_plants). The Village of Garden City owns and maintains its own water system. Garden City's water system serves the majority of the Village with water. The Water Authority of Western Nassau County services Village residents who live in the westernmost part of the Village. Notable landmarks [Adelphi University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelphi_University) [Apostle Houses](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._T._Stewart_Era_Buildings#Apostle_Houses) [Cathedral of the Incarnation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Incarnation_(Garden_City,_New_York)) [Garden City Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Hotel) [Garden City High School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_High_School_(New_York)) [Theodore Roosevelt Executive and Legislative Building (old Nassau County Courthouse)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Nassau_County_Courthouse_(New_York)) [St. Paul's School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School_(Garden_City,_New_York)) Legacy Garden City inspired the names of several nearby municipalities (as stated above), and is the namesake of [Garden Village, Kentucky](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_Village,_Kentucky). Notable people [Madeleine Albright](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright) (1937–2022), diplomat, political scientist, and United States Secretary of State [Herbert M. Allison](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_M._Allison), businessman [Eddie Arcaro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Arcaro) (1916–1997), jockey, and [Triple Crown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Crown_of_Thoroughbred_Racing_(United_States)) winner [Jason Blake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason_Blake_(ice_hockey)), NHL All-Star [Steven Chu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Chu), Secretary of Energy, [Nobel Prize](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize) winner in physics [Cliff Compton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff_Compton), retired professional wrestler who is a former [WWE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWE) Tag Team Champion [Bruce Coslet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Coslet), former [New York Jets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Jets) head coach [Matt Daley](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Daley), [New York Yankees](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Yankees) pitcher [Dave DeBusschere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_DeBusschere), NBA Hall of Famer [Nelson DeMille](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_DeMille), author [Kent Desormeaux](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kent_Desormeaux), jockey [Kemp Hannon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemp_Hannon), New York state senator [Liza Huber](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liza_Huber), soap opera actress, [Passions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passions) [Joe Iconis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Iconis), musical theater writer [Dave Jennings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Jennings_(American_football)), former [New York Giants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Giants) punter [Greg Kelly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Kelly), television anchor [Harvey J. Levin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_J._Levin), pioneer of communications economics, holder of Long Island's first research chair, [Hofstra University](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstra_University) [Susan Lucci](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_Lucci), actress; grew up in Garden City, worked at the Garden City Hotel, and in 1978 moved back to Garden City [Eric Mangini](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Mangini), former New York Jets coach [Christopher Masterson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Masterson), actor [Danny Masterson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Masterson), actor [Kevin Mawae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae), former NFL Pro Bowl center and president of NFL Player's Association [Tom McArdle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_McArdle), Oscar-nominated film editor, [Spotlight](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotlight_(film)) [Kiaran McLaughlin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiaran_McLaughlin), horse trainer [Jennifer McLogan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_McLogan), TV news reporter [Richard Migliore](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Migliore), horse jockey [Mike Milbury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Milbury), ex-New York Islanders Head Coach and General Manager [Alexandra Miller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Miller), Florida politician and businesswoman [Joe Mohen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Mohen), Internet entrepreneur [Bill Moyers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Moyers), journalist [Elliott Murphy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Murphy), singer-songwriter [Joe Namath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Namath), former NFL quarterback [Walter Hines Page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Hines_Page), United States Ambassador to England during [World War I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I), and co-founder of Doubleday, Page and Co. publishing [Žigmund Pálffy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDigmund_P%C3%A1lffy), four-time NHL All-Star [Mark Parrish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Parrish), NHL All-Star [Larry Pasquale](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Pasquale), former special teams coach for the New York Jets [Kash Patel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kash_Patel), former chief-of-staff of the [U.S. Secretary of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_Defense). [Ethan Phillips](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethan_Phillips), television actor, [Star Trek: Voyager](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Trek:_Voyager) [Todd Pletcher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Pletcher), Award-winning [thoroughbred](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoroughbred) [horse trainer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_trainer). [Denis Potvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Potvin), NHL All-Star [Nicole Rajičová](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Raji%C4%8Dov%C3%A1), Olympic figure skater representing [Slovakia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia). [Kathleen Rice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathleen_Rice) 4th District of New York Representative; grew up in Garden City on Nassau Boulevard [Telly Savalas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telly_Savalas), actor [Leslie Segrete](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_Segrete), [Trading Spaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_Spaces) carpenter, designer [Dennis Seidenberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Seidenberg), two-time Stanley Cup Champion [Lara Spencer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara_Spencer), TV host [Mark Streit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Streit), NHL All-Star [Johnny Sylvester](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Sylvester) (1915–1990) received as a seriously ill child a promise from [Babe Ruth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babe_Ruth) that Ruth would hit a home run in the [1926 World Series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_World_Series) on his behalf. [John Tesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tesh), musician, news anchor [William B. Turner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Turner), World War I hero, recipient of the Medal of Honor [Chris Weidman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Weidman), [UFC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship) fighter [Paul Zaloom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Zaloom), actor and puppeteer best known as Beakman on [Beakman's World](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beakman%27s_World) In popular culture The film [The Spirit of St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_St._Louis_(film)) (1957), starring [James Stewart](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart), features [Charles Lindbergh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh)'s historical flight to Paris from Roosevelt Field in Garden City in 1927. Its first few scenes occur at the [Garden City Hotel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_City_Hotel), where Lindbergh had a room reserved (but did not use, contrary to the film's portrayal), and the press corps stayed who were covering the event spent the night prior to his flight; Lindbergh was up all night working on his plane the night before the flight, although he did have dinner and take a nap at the Garden City home of his friend, Gregory J. Brandewiede, at 105 Third Street.[[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)] The opening shot of the film's first scene shows the hotel's front exterior and sign. Subsequent scenes take place and were filmed at [Roosevelt Field](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Field_(airport)). Musician [John Tesh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tesh)'s fourth album, released in 1989, is titled Garden City (Cyprus Records), an homage to his hometown, and includes a song with the same title. The record company he created in 1995 and currently owns is Garden City Records. Films [Boiler Room](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiler_Room_(film)) (2000) [Election](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_(1999_film)) (1999) [Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankenstein_Meets_the_Space_Monster) (1965) [Santa Claus Conquers the Martians](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus_Conquers_the_Martians) (1964) [Storytelling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storytelling_(film)) (2001) Street of the Dead (2008) [The Antics of Ann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Antics_of_Ann) (1917) [The Godfather](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Godfather) (1972) The Judgment of Weeping Mary (2008) [The Spirit of St. Louis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_St._Louis_(film)) (1957) Notes ^ The principal of the school was Charlotte Titcomb, a member of the class of 1852 at [Dedham High School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedham_High_School)

2024-09-18 18:00:28

Yevgeny_Kafelnikov

<Infotable> Yevgeny Kafelnikov in 2023 Full name: Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov Country (sports): Russia Residence: Sochi, Russia Born: (1974-02-18)18 February 1974(age 50)Sochi,Russian SFSR,Soviet Union Height: 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) Turned pro: 1992 Retired: 2010 (last match 2003) Plays: Right-handed (two-handed backhand) Prize money: $23,883,79720th all-time leader in earnings Int. Tennis HoF: 2019(member page) Singles Career record: 609–306 Career titles: 26 Highest ranking: No.1(3 May 1999) Grand Slam singles results Australian Open: W(1999) French Open: W(1996) Wimbledon: QF (1995) US Open: SF (1999,2001) Other tournaments Tour Finals: F (1997) Grand Slam Cup: SF (1995,1996) Olympic Games: W(2000) Doubles Career record: 358–213 Career titles: 27 Highest ranking: No. 4 (30 March 1998) Grand Slam doubles results Australian Open: QF (1995,1999) French Open: W(1996,1997,2002) Wimbledon: SF (1994,1995) US Open: W(1997) Team competitions Davis Cup: W(2002) Medal recordOlympic Games –Tennis2000 SydneySingles Olympic Games –Tennis 2000 Sydney Singles Olympic Games –Tennis 2000 Sydney Singles </Infotable> [20th all-time leader in earnings](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Era_tennis_records_%E2%80%93_men%27s_singles#Prize_money) Yevgeny Aleksandrovich Kafelnikov (Russian: Евгений Александрович Кафельников, .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}IPA: [[jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ˈkafʲɪlʲnʲɪkəf]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian) [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ru-Yevgeny-Kafelnikov.ogg); born 18 February 1974) is a Russian former [world No. 1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ATP_number_1_ranked_singles_players) [tennis player](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_player). He won two [Grand Slam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)) singles titles; the [1996 French Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles) and the [1999 Australian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Australian_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles), and a gold medal at the [2000 Sydney Olympics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles). He also won four Grand Slam doubles titles, and is the most recent man to have won both the men's singles and doubles titles at the same Grand Slam tournament (which he accomplished at the [1996 French Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_French_Open)). In 2019, Kafelnikov was inducted into the [International Tennis Hall of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame). Career In his breakthrough year in 1994, Kafelnikov won three titles, reached the [Hamburg Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg_Masters) final and beat world top-5 players on six occasions. His ranking rose from 102 at the beginning of the year, to a year-end ranking of 11. In 1995, he reached his first Grand Slam semifinals, beating world No. 1, [Andre Agassi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Agassi), in straight sets in the quarterfinals. He also defeated three top-10 players ([Michael Stich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stich), [Goran Ivanisevic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goran_Ivanisevic) and [Boris Becker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Becker)) on his way to the title in [Milan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan_Indoor). At the [1996 French Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles), Kafelnikov became the first Russian to ever win a Grand Slam title, defeating [Michael Stich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stich) in the final in straight sets, having beaten world No. 1, [Pete Sampras](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete_Sampras), in the semifinals. Kafelnikov was finalist at the [1997 ATP Tour World Championships](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_ATP_Tour_World_Championships), and won three titles during that season. In doubles, he won both the French Open and US Open partnering [Daniel Vacek](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Vacek). At the 1999 Australian Open, 10th seed Kafelnikov won his second singles Grand Slam title, defeating [Thomas Enqvist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Enqvist) in the final in four sets. He also won in [Rotterdam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_ABN_AMRO_World_Tennis_Tournament_%E2%80%93_Singles) and [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Kremlin_Cup_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles), was runner-up at the [Canadian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_du_Maurier_Open_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles) and reached the semifinals of the US Open. Seeded fifth, Kafelnikov won the gold medal in the men's singles tournament at the [2000 Olympic Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles), beating second seed [Gustavo Kuerten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Kuerten) in the quarterfinals and [Tommy Haas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Haas) in the final in five sets. He also reached the final of the Australian Open and the quarterfinals of the French Open. In 2001, he defeated world No. 1 Gustavo Kuerten in the quarterfinals of the US Open for the loss of just seven games, before losing to [Lleyton Hewitt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lleyton_Hewitt) in the semifinals. Kafelnikov was also a finalist at the [Paris Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Masters), quarterfinalist at the Australian Open and French Open, and won a record fifth consecutive title in [Moscow](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Kremlin_Cup_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_singles). Kafelnikov won his fourth and final doubles Grand Slam at the French Open in 2002, partnering [Paul Haarhuis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Haarhuis), and his final career singles title, in [Tashkent](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent_Open). He was also a member of Russia's [Davis Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davis_Cup)-winning team in 2002. Kafelnikov played his last ATP Tour match in October 2003 (in [St Petersburg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Petersburg)). In total, he won 53 titles across singles and doubles during his career, and he remains the last male player to win both singles and doubles titles at the same grand slam. Post-retirement Since retiring from tennis, Kafelnikov cashed three times at the [2005 World Series of Poker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_World_Series_of_Poker). He also played golf on the [European Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Tour) at the 2005, 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2015 [Russian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Open), 2012, 2013 and 2014 [Austrian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Open_(tennis)), and the 2014 Czech Masters, plus several [Challenge Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenge_Tour) events, without making any cuts. During the 2008 [Miami Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Masters), Kafelnikov coached [Marat Safin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marat_Safin) (in the absence of Safin's usual coach, [Hernán Gumy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Gumy)). In 2009 and 2010, he participated in the [ATP Champions Tour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_Champions_Tour) (for retired ATP-professional tennis players), finishing in third place in tournaments in Chengdu, Bogotá and São Paulo. Kafelnikov was inducted into the [International Tennis Hall of Fame](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame) in 2019, not counting enough votes in his previous nominations in 2012 (compared to [Gustavo Kuerten](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Kuerten) and [Jennifer Capriati](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Capriati)), in 2015 (compared to [David Hall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hall_(Australian_tennis)) and [Amélie Mauresmo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Mauresmo)), and in 2018 (compared to [Michael Stich](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stich,_Michael) and [Helena Suková](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Sukov%C3%A1)). In May 2017, Kafelnikov was extensively interviewed by the most popular Russian website Sports.ru considering his current political preferences. In August 2020, Kafelnikov announced his plans to settle in [Western / old] Europe. In March 2021, Kafelnikov faced another wave of rumors about his retirement in 2003 as really being caused by ATP's desire to avoid a betting scandal considering his match in Lyon against [Fernando Vicente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Vicente). Russian volleyball player [Aleksey Spiridonov](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Spiridonov_(volleyball)) said in an interview: "Kafelnikov is corrupt. He made bets against himself during his career. And then he finished abruptly when being grabbed by the ass. I know. My friends work in the offices. And someone in an interview also said that Kafelnikov offered him to bet against himself and lose the match. Who pinned him down? There was no [powerful] tennis federation back then. I think, the gangsters". One week after his match in 2003, Kafelnikov said about the accusations: "This is a complete bullshit, but now in the locker room, they [players] look at me like at an enemy of the people. Even in my country where I have always been a role model they [people] have begun to look at me that way. I talked to Fernando and he said his mother was crying on the phone because of this. Those who made this mess should be punished. The article says Kafelnikov has been involved in match-fixing and it rips me to pieces. I do not want to be associated with betting in any way". To a lesser extent, the player has been commemorated for his outspoken jealousy towards the much more impressive incomes of [golf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf) players in general, if compared to his colleagues in tennis. [Lindsay Davenport](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindsay_Davenport) correspondingly voiced some support for Kafelnikov's claim who was also worried "it would be a shame to see the public lose sympathy in me just because I am making such a statement". In January 2001, during the [2001 Australian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Australian_Open), he concluded: "If you look at the golfers, we are taking an extreme example now, of course, the golfers make $540,000 a week to the winner. And this is the lowest tournament that they have on the U.S. Tour. If you look at the tennis players, to win a tournament, win five matches [at the] absolutely lowest level tournament you make only $42,000. I think it is quite bizarre to see that kind of money in a tennis game." Significant finals Grand Slam tournaments <Wikitable> Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score Win 1996 French Open Clay Michael Stich 7–6(7–4), 7–5, 7–6(7–4) Win 1999 Australian Open Hard Thomas Enqvist 4–6, 6–0, 6–3, 7–6(7–1) Loss 2000 Australian Open Hard Andre Agassi 6–3, 3–6, 2–6, 4–6 </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Result Year Championship Surface Partner Opponents Score Win 1996 French Open Clay Daniel Vacek Jakob Hlasek Guy Forget 6–2, 6–3 Win 1997 French Open Clay Daniel Vacek Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde 7–6(7–1), 4–6, 6–3 Win 1997 US Open Hard Daniel Vacek Jonas Björkman Nicklas Kulti 7–6(10–8), 6–3 Win 2002 French Open Clay Paul Haarhuis Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor 7–5, 6–4 Loss 2003 French Open Clay Paul Haarhuis Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 6–7(3–7), 3–6 </Wikitable> Olympic Games <Wikitable> Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score Win 2000 Sydney Olympics Hard Tommy Haas 7–6(7–4), 3–6, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 </Wikitable> Year-end championships <Wikitable> Result Year Championship Surface Opponent Score Loss 1997 ATP Tour World Championships Hard (i) Pete Sampras 3–6, 2–6, 2–6 </Wikitable> Masters 1000 tournaments <Wikitable> Result Year Tournament Surface Opponent Score Loss 1994 Hamburg Masters Clay Andrei Medvedev 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 Loss 1996 Paris Masters Carpet (i) Thomas Enqvist 2–6, 4–6, 5–7 Loss 1998 Stuttgart Masters Hard (i) Richard Krajicek 4–6, 3–6, 3–6 Loss 1999 Canadian Open Hard Thomas Johansson 6–1, 3–6, 3–6 Loss 2001 Paris Masters Carpet (i) Sébastien Grosjean 6–7(3–7), 1–6, 7–6(7–5), 4–6 </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Result Year Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score Loss 1994 Monte Carlo Masters Clay Daniel Vacek Nicklas Kulti Magnus Larsson 6–3, 6–7, 4–6 Win 1994 Rome Masters Clay David Rikl Wayne Ferreira Javier Sánchez 6–1, 7–5 Win 1995 ATP German Open Clay Wayne Ferreira Byron Black Andrei Olhovskiy 6–1, 7–6 Win 1995 Canadian Open Hard Andrei Olhovskiy Brian MacPhie Sandon Stolle 6–2, 6–2 Loss 1996 Paris Masters Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek Jacco Eltingh Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 6–4, 6–7 Win 2000 Monte Carlo Masters Clay Wayne Ferreira Paul Haarhuis Sandon Stolle 6–3, 2–6, 6–1 Loss 2000 Rome Masters Clay Wayne Ferreira Martin Damm Dominik Hrbatý 4–6, 6–4, 3–6 Win 2001 Indian Wells Masters Hard Wayne Ferreira Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 7–5 Win 2001 Rome Masters Clay Wayne Ferreira Daniel Nestor Sandon Stolle 6–4, 7–6(8–6) Loss 2002 Monte Carlo Masters Clay Paul Haarhuis Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge 3–6, 6–3, 7–10 Win 2003 Indian Wells Masters Hard Wayne Ferreira Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 3–6, 7–5, 6–4 </Wikitable> ATP career finals Singles: 46 (26 titles, 20 runner-ups) <Wikitable> Legend Grand Slam (2–1) Year-end championships (0–1) ATP Masters Series (0–5) ATP Championship Series (4–3) ATP International Series (19–10) </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Finals by surface Hard (9–10) Grass (3–1) Clay (3–3) Carpet (11–6) </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Result No. Date Tournament Surface Opponent Score Win 1.0 Jan 1994 Adelaide, Australia Hard Alexander Volkov 6–4, 6–3 Win 2.0 Mar 1994 Copenhagen, Denmark Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek 6–3, 7–5 Loss 1.0 May 1994 Hamburg, Germany Clay Andrei Medvedev 4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 Win 3.0 Aug 1994 Long Island, USA Hard Cédric Pioline 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 Win 4.0 Feb 1995 Milan, Italy Carpet (i) Boris Becker 7–5, 5–7, 7–6(8–6) Win 5.0 Mar 1995 St. Petersburg, Russia Carpet (i) Guillaume Raoux 6–2, 6–2 Loss 2.0 Apr 1995 Nice, France Clay Marc Rosset 4–6, 0–6 Win 6.0 Jul 1995 Gstaad, Switzerland Clay Jakob Hlasek 6–3, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Win 7.0 Aug 1995 Long Island, USA Hard Jan Siemerink 7–6(7–0), 6–2 Win 8.0 Jan 1996 Adelaide, Australia Hard Byron Black 7–6(7–0), 3–6, 6–1 Loss 3.0 Mar 1996 Rotterdam, Netherlands Carpet (i) Goran Ivanišević 4–6, 6–3, 3–6 Loss 4.0 Apr 1996 St. Petersburg, Russia Carpet (i) Magnus Gustafsson 2–6, 6–7(4–7) Win 9.0 May 1996 Prague, Czech Republic Clay Bohdan Ulihrach 7–5, 1–6, 6–3 Win 10.0 Jun 1996 French Open, Paris, France Clay Michael Stich 7–6(7–4), 7–5, 7–6(7–4) Loss 5.0 Jun 1996 Halle, Germany Grass Nicklas Kulti 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 4–6 Loss 6.0 Jul 1996 Stuttgart, Germany Clay Thomas Muster 2–6, 2–6, 4–6 Win 11.0 Oct 1996 Lyon, France Carpet (i) Arnaud Boetsch 7–5, 6–3 Loss 7.0 Nov 1996 Paris, France Carpet (i) Thomas Enqvist 2–6, 4–6, 5–7 Loss 8.0 Nov 1996 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Goran Ivanišević 6–3, 1–6, 3–6 Win 12.0 Jun 1997 Halle, Germany Grass Petr Korda 7–6(7–2), 6–7(5–7), 7–6(9–7) Win 13.0 Aug 1997 New Haven, USA Hard Patrick Rafter 7–6(7–4), 6–4 Win 14.0 Nov 1997 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Petr Korda 7–6(7–2), 6–4 Loss 9.0 Nov 1997 Year-end championships, Hanover Hard (i) Pete Sampras 3–6, 2–6, 2–6 Loss 10.0 Feb 1998 Marseille, France Hard (i) Thomas Enqvist 4–6, 1–6 Win 15.0 Mar 1998 London, UK Carpet (i) Cédric Pioline 7–5, 6–4 Win 16.0 Jun 1998 Halle, Germany Grass Magnus Larsson 6–4, 6–4 Loss 11.0 Sep 1998 Tashkent, Uzbekistan Hard Tim Henman 5–7, 4–6 Loss 12.0 Nov 1998 Stuttgart, Germany Hard (i) Richard Krajicek 4–6, 3–6, 3–6 Win 17.0 Nov 1998 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Goran Ivanišević 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–5) Win 18.0 Feb 1999 Australian Open, Melbourne Hard Thomas Enqvist 4–6, 6–0, 6–3, 7–6(7–1) Win 19.0 Feb 1999 Rotterdam, Netherlands Carpet (i) Tim Henman 6–2, 7–6(7–3) Loss 13.0 Aug 1999 Montreal, Canada Hard Thomas Johansson 6–1, 3–6, 3–6 Loss 14.0 Aug 1999 Washington D.C., USA Hard Andre Agassi 6–7(3–7), 1–6 Win 20.0 Nov 1999 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Byron Black 7–6(7–2), 6–4 Loss 15.0 Jan 2000 Australian Open, Melbourne Hard Andre Agassi 6–3, 3–6, 2–6, 4–6 Loss 16.0 Feb 2000 London, UK Hard (i) Marc Rosset 4–6, 4–6 Win 21.0 Oct 2000 Sydney Olympics, Australia Hard Tommy Haas 7–6(7–4), 3–6, 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 Win 22.0 Oct 2000 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) David Prinosil 6–2, 7–5 Loss 17.0 Nov 2000 Stockholm, Sweden Hard (i) Thomas Johansson 2–6, 4–6, 4–6 Win 23.0 Feb 2001 Marseille, France Hard (i) Sébastien Grosjean 7–6(7–5), 6–2 Loss 18.0 Sep 2001 Tashkent, Uzbekistan Hard Marat Safin 2–6, 2–6 Win 24.0 Oct 2001 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Nicolas Kiefer 6–4, 7–5 Loss 19.0 Nov 2001 Paris, France Carpet (i) Sébastien Grosjean 6–7(3–7), 1–6, 7–6(7–5), 4–6 Win 25.0 Jun 2002 Halle, Germany Grass Nicolas Kiefer 2–6, 6–4, 6–4 Win 26.0 Sep 2002 Tashkent, Uzbekistan Hard Vladimir Voltchkov 7–6(8–6), 7–5 Loss 20.0 Feb 2003 Milan, Italy Carpet Martin Verkerk 4–6, 7–5, 5–7 </Wikitable> Doubles: 41 (27–14) <Wikitable> Legend Grand Slam Tournaments (4–1) ATP Masters Series (7–4) ATP International Series Gold (6–4) ATP International Series (10–5) </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Finals by surface Hard (9–1) Clay (13–5) Grass (0–2) Carpet (5–6) </Wikitable> <Wikitable> Result No. Date Tournament Surface Partner Opponents Score Loss 1.0 Feb 1994 Marseille, France Carpet (i) Martin Damm Jan Siemerink Daniel Vacek 7–6, 4–6, 1–6 Win 1.0 Apr 1994 Barcelona, Spain Clay David Rikl Jim Courier Javier Sánchez 5–7, 6–1, 6–4 Loss 2.0 Apr 1994 Monte Carlo, Monaco Clay Daniel Vacek Nicklas Kulti Magnus Larsson 6–3, 6–7, 4–6 Win 2.0 May 1994 Munich, Germany Clay David Rikl Boris Becker Petr Korda 7–6, 7–5 Win 3.0 May 1994 Rome, Italy Clay David Rikl Wayne Ferreira Javier Sánchez 6–1, 7–5 Win 4.0 Oct 1994 Lyon, France Carpet (i) Jakob Hlasek Martin Damm Patrick Rafter 6–7, 7–6, 7–6 Loss 3.0 Mar 1995 St. Petersburg, Russia Carpet (i) Jakob Hlasek Martin Damm Anders Järryd 4–6, 2–6 Win 5.0 Apr 1995 Estoril, Portugal Clay Andrei Olhovskiy Marc-Kevin Goellner Diego Nargiso 5–7, 7–5, 6–2 Win 6.0 May 1995 Hamburg, Germany Clay Wayne Ferreira Byron Black Andrei Olhovskiy 6–1, 7–6 Loss 4.0 Jun 1995 Halle, Germany Grass Andrei Olhovskiy Jacco Eltingh Paul Haarhuis 2–6, 6–3, 3–6 Win 7.0 Jul 1995 Montreal, Canada Hard Andrei Olhovskiy Brian MacPhie Sandon Stolle 6–2, 6–2 Win 8.0 Oct 1995 Lyon, France Carpet (i) Jakob Hlasek John-Laffnie de Jager Wayne Ferreira 6–3, 6–3 Loss 5.0 Feb 1996 Antwerp, Belgium Carpet (i) Menno Oosting Jonas Björkman Nicklas Kulti 4–6, 4–6 Win 9.0 Apr 1996 St. Petersburg, Russia Carpet (i) Andrei Olhovskiy Nicklas Kulti Peter Nyborg 6–3, 6–4 Win 10.0 May 1996 Prague, Czech Republic Clay Daniel Vacek Luis Lobo Javier Sánchez 6–3, 6–7, 6–3 Win 11.0 Jun 1996 French Open, Paris Clay Daniel Vacek Jakob Hlasek Guy Forget 6–2, 6–3 Loss 6.0 Jun 1996 Halle, Germany Grass Daniel Vacek Byron Black Grant Connell 1–6, 5–7 Win 12.0 Sep 1996 Basel, Switzerland Hard (i) Daniel Vacek David Adams Menno Oosting 6–3, 6–4 Win 13.0 Oct 1996 Vienna, Austria Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek Pavel Vízner Menno Oosting 7–6, 6–4 Loss 7.0 Nov 1996 Paris, France Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek Jacco Eltingh Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 6–4, 6–7 Win 14.0 Jun 1997 French Open, Paris Clay Daniel Vacek Todd Woodbridge Mark Woodforde 7–6, 4–6, 6–3 Win 15.0 Jul 1997 Gstaad, Switzerland Clay Daniel Vacek Trevor Kronemann David Macpherson 4–6, 7–6, 6–3 Win 16.0 Sep 1997 US Open, New York Hard Daniel Vacek Jonas Björkman Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Win 17.0 Feb 1998 Antwerp, Belgium Hard (i) Wayne Ferreira Tomás Carbonell Francisco Roig 7–5, 3–6, 6–2 Loss 8.0 Mar 1998 London, England Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek Martin Damm Jim Grabb 4–6, 5–7 Win 18.0 Oct 1998 Vienna, Austria Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek David Adams John-Laffnie de Jager 7–5, 6–3 Loss 9.0 Nov 1998 Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) Daniel Vacek Jared Palmer Jeff Tarango 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 Win 19.0 Apr 1999 Barcelona, Spain Clay Paul Haarhuis Massimo Bertolini Cristian Brandi 7–5, 6–3 Loss 10.0 Feb 2000 Rotterdam, Netherlands Hard (i) Tim Henman David Adams John-Laffnie de Jager 7–5, 2–6, 3–6 Win 20.0 Apr 2000 Monte Carlo, Monaco Clay Wayne Ferreira Paul Haarhuis Sandon Stolle 6–3, 2–6, 6–1 Loss 11.0 May 2000 Rome, Italy Clay Wayne Ferreira Martin Damm Dominik Hrbatý 4–6, 6–4, 3–6 Win 21.0 Oct 2000 Vienna, Austria Hard (i) Nenad Zimonjić Jiří Novák David Rikl 6–4, 6–4 Win 22.0 Mar 2001 Indian Wells, United States Hard Wayne Ferreira Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 7–5 Win 23.0 May 2001 Rome, Italy Clay Wayne Ferreira Daniel Nestor Sandon Stolle 6–4, 7–6(8–6) Win 24.0 Oct 2001 St. Petersburg, Russia Hard (i) Denis Golovanov Irakli Labadze Marat Safin 7–5, 6–4 Loss 12.0 Apr 2002 Monte Carlo, Monaco Clay Paul Haarhuis Jonas Björkman Todd Woodbridge 3–6, 6–3, [7–10] Win 25.0 Jun 2002 French Open, Paris Clay Paul Haarhuis Mark Knowles Daniel Nestor 7–5, 6–4 Win 26.0 Mar 2003 Indian Wells, United States Hard Wayne Ferreira Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 3–6, 7–5, 6–4 Loss 13.0 Jun 2003 French Open, Paris Clay Paul Haarhuis Bob Bryan Mike Bryan 6–7, 3–6 Loss 14.0 Jul 2003 Stuttgart, Germany Clay Kevin Ullyett Tomáš Cibulec Pavel Vízner 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 Win 27.0 Aug 2003 Washington, D.C., United States Hard Sargis Sargsian Chris Haggard Paul Hanley 7–5, 4–6, 6–2 </Wikitable> Performance timelines <Wikitable> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 W F SF QF #R RR Q# DNQ A NH </Wikitable> Singles <Wikitable> Tournament 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 SR W–L Unnamed: 15 Unnamed: 16 Unnamed: 17 Unnamed: 18 Unnamed: 19 Unnamed: 20 Unnamed: 21 Unnamed: 22 Unnamed: 23 Unnamed: 24 Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Australian Open A Q1 2R QF QF A A W F QF 2R 2R 1 / 8 28–7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN French Open A 2R 3R SF W QF 2R 2R QF QF 2R 2R 1 / 11 31–10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Wimbledon A A 3R QF 1R 4R 1R 3R 2R 3R 3R 1R 0 / 10 16–10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN US Open A A 4R 3R A 2R 4R SF 3R SF 2R 3R 0 / 9 24–9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Win–loss 0–0 1–1 8–4 15–4 11–2 8–3 4–3 15–3 13–4 15–4 5–4 4–4 2 / 38 99–36 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Summer Olympics A Not Held Not Held Not Held A Not Held Not Held Not Held G Not Held Not Held Not Held 1 / 1 6–0 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships Year-end championships NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Tennis Masters Cup A A A RR RR F RR SF RR SF A A 0 / 7 11–14 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Grand Slam Cup A A A SF SF QF A QF Not Held Not Held Not Held Not Held 0 / 4 5–4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Indian Wells A Q3 A A A A 2R 2R 2R SF QF 2R 0 / 6 9–6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Miami A Q2 A A A A 3R 2R 4R 3R 3R 3R 0 / 6 7–6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Monte Carlo A A SF 3R 2R 2R 3R 2R 2R 1R 1R 2R 0 / 10 8–10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Rome A A 2R 1R 3R 3R 3R 3R 2R 2R 2R SF 0 / 10 16–10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Hamburg A A F 2R SF SF 2R A 1R 1R 1R A 0 / 8 11–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Canada A A A QF A SF QF F QF 1R 3R 2R 0 / 8 17–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Cincinnati A A 2R 2R QF QF SF SF 3R QF 1R 2R 0 / 10 17–10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Stuttgart1 LQ 2R SF 3R 2R 3R F 2R SF SF 2R 1R 0 / 11 15–11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Paris A Q2 3R A F SF SF 2R 3R F 3R A 0 / 8 17–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Win–loss 0–0 1–1 15–6 4–6 11–6 14–7 16–9 9–8 14–9 16–9 8–9 9–7 0 / 77 117–77 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Year-end ranking 275 102 11 6 3 5 11 2 5 4 27 41 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN </Wikitable> 1Held in [Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Open) till 1994, held as [Stuttgart Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocard_Open) from 1995 until 2001. Held as [Madrid Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Open_(tennis)) from 2002 onwards. Doubles <Wikitable> Tournament 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 SR W–L Unnamed: 15 Unnamed: 16 Unnamed: 17 Unnamed: 18 Unnamed: 19 Unnamed: 20 Unnamed: 21 Unnamed: 22 Unnamed: 23 Unnamed: 24 Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments Grand Slam tournaments NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Australian Open A A 1R QF 3R A A QF 3R 3R 2R 2R 0 / 8 14–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN French Open A A 2R QF W W 2R QF QF 1R W F 3 / 10 34–7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Wimbledon A A SF SF 3R 1R 3R 2R A A 3R 2R 0 / 8 17–6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN US Open A A 1R 2R A W 2R 1R SF 2R 3R 1R 1 / 9 15–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Win–loss 0–0 0–0 5–4 11–4 10–2 12–1 4–3 7–3 9–3 3–3 11–3 8–3 4 / 35 80–29 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Olympic Games Summer Olympics A Not Held Not Held Not Held A Not Held Not Held Not Held 2R Not Held Not Held Not Held 0 / 1 1–1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series ATP Masters Series NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Indian Wells A A A A A A QF 1R SF W 1R W 2 / 6 14–4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Miami A A A A A A QF 2R 2R A A 1R 0 / 4 2–4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Monte Carlo A A F QF QF SF 1R 2R W 1R F QF 1 / 10 19–9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Rome A A W A QF 2R QF 1R F W 2R QF 2 / 9 22–7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Hamburg A A A W 1R SF 1R A 2R 1R SF A 1 / 7 10–6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Canada A A A W A QF 1R 1R 2R 1R 1R 1R 1 / 8 5–7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Cincinnati A A 1R 1R 1R 1R SF 2R 2R 2R 1R 2R 0 / 10 6–9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Stuttgart1 A A QF QF 1R 1R QF 1R QF QF 2R A 0 / 9 10–8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Paris A A 1R A F 1R 2R QF 2R A 2R A 0 / 7 6–7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Win–loss 0–0 0–0 11–4 11–2 6–6 6–7 10–9 3–8 16–8 13–4 9–8 9–5 7 / 70 94–61 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN Year-end ranking 484 156 12 9 5 6 19 46 12 28 15 17 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN </Wikitable> 1Held in [Stockholm](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_Open) till 1994, held as [Stuttgart Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocard_Open) from 1995 until 2001. Held as [Madrid Masters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Open_(tennis)) from 2002 onwards. Top 10 wins <Wikitable> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Season 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total Wins 0 2 11 6 3 6 3 7 3 3 0 2 46 </Wikitable> <Wikitable> # Player Rank Event Surface Rd Score KR 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1.0 Michael Stich 10 Barcelona, Spain Clay 3R 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 253 2.0 Michael Stich 4 Lyon, France Carpet (i) 1R 6–3, 7–6(7–4) 127 1994.0 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 1994 3.0 Magnus Gustafsson 10 Rotterdam, Netherlands Carpet (i) 2R 6–1, 6–3 51 4.0 Michael Stich 2 Monte-Carlo, Monaco Clay 3R 7–6(7–3), 6–4 41 5.0 Goran Ivanišević 5 Hamburg, Germany Clay 2R 7–6(7–1), 6–0 29 6.0 Michael Stich 2 Hamburg, Germany Clay SF 6–3, 6–4 29 7.0 Jim Courier 7 Halle, Germany Grass QF 6–1, 6–4 19 8.0 Thomas Muster 10 Gstaad, Switzerland Clay QF 7–6(11–9), 3–6, 7–6(7–4) 15 9.0 Michael Chang 6 Long Island, United States Hard QF 3–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–4 14 10.0 Michael Stich 2 Davis Cup, Hamburg, Germany Hard RR 7–5, 6–3 12 11.0 Stefan Edberg 5 Stockholm, Sweden Carpet (i) 3R 7–6(7–4), 6–2 13 12.0 Sergi Bruguera 4 Stockholm, Sweden Carpet (i) QF 6–7(4–7), 6–4, 6–2 13 13.0 Stefan Edberg 7 Davis Cup, Moscow, Russia Carpet (i) RR 4–6, 6–4, 6–0 11 1995.0 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 14.0 Todd Martin 10 Australian Open, Melbourne, Australia Hard 4R 6–1, 6–4, 6–2 12 15.0 Michael Stich 8 Milan, Italy Carpet (i) QF 7–6(7–4), 4–6, 6–0 10 16.0 Goran Ivanišević 4 Milan, Italy Carpet (i) SF 7–5, 6–7(4–7), 6–4 10 17.0 Boris Becker 3 Milan, Italy Carpet (i) F 7–5, 5–7, 7–6(8–6) 10 18.0 Andre Agassi 1 French Open, Paris, France Clay QF 6–4, 6–3, 7–5 9 19.0 Jim Courier 8 Davis Cup, Moscow, Russia Clay (i) RR 7–6(7–1), 7–5, 6–3 6 1996.0 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 20.0 Pete Sampras 1 World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany Clay RR 6–3, 6–2 7 21.0 Pete Sampras 1 French Open, Paris, France Clay SF 7–6(7–4), 6–0, 6–2 7 22.0 Thomas Enqvist 9 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Carpet (i) RR 6–3, 7–6(7–5) 3 1997.0 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 23.0 Thomas Enqvist 8 Montreal, Canada Hard QF 7–5, 6–7(7–9), 6–1 7 24.0 Sergi Bruguera 6 Grand Slam Cup, Munich, Germany Carpet (i) 1R 6–4, 6–3 4 25.0 Greg Rusedski 5 Paris, France Carpet (i) QF 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 6 26.0 Jonas Björkman 4 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) RR 6–3, 7–6(8–6) 6 27.0 Michael Chang 2 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) RR 6–3, 6–0 6 28.0 Carlos Moyà 7 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) SF 7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–3) 6 1998.0 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 29.0 Tim Henman 10 Paris, France Carpet (i) 3R 6–3, 6–7(5–7), 7–6(7–2) 8 30.0 Marcelo Ríos 2 Paris, France Carpet (i) QF 6–3, 6–2 8 31.0 Karol Kučera 7 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) RR 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 6–2 10 1999.0 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 1999 32.0 Greg Rusedski 9 Rotterdam, Netherlands Carpet (i) SF 6–4, 6–2 2 33.0 Tim Henman 7 Rotterdam, Netherlands Carpet (i) F 6–2, 7–6(7–3) 2 34.0 Todd Martin 9 Montreal, Canada Hard QF 7–6(10–8), 6–7(3–7), 6–4 4 35.0 Andre Agassi 3 Montreal, Canada Hard SF 6–1, 6–4 4 36.0 Tim Henman 5 Cincinnati, United States Hard QF 7–5, 7–5 2 37.0 Todd Martin 7 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) RR 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 2 38.0 Thomas Enqvist 4 ATP Tour World Championships, Hanover, Germany Hard (i) RR 7–5, 3–6, 6–4 2 2000.0 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 39.0 Lleyton Hewitt 9 World Team Cup, Düsseldorf, Germany Clay RR 6–1, 6–2 4 40.0 Gustavo Kuerten 3 Summer Olympics, Sydney, Australia Hard QF 6–4, 7–5 8 41.0 Magnus Norman 4 Tennis Masters Cup, Lisbon, Portugal Hard (i) RR 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 5 2001.0 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 42.0 Gustavo Kuerten 1 US Open, New York, United States Hard QF 6–4, 6–0, 6–3 7 43.0 Juan Carlos Ferrero 4 Tennis Masters Cup, Sydney, Australia Hard (i) RR 4–6, 6–1, 7–6(7–5) 6 44.0 Gustavo Kuerten 1 Tennis Masters Cup, Sydney, Australia Hard (i) RR 6–2, 4–6, 6–3 6 2003.0 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 45.0 Marat Safin 7 Rotterdam, Netherlands Hard (i) 2R 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 6–4 25 46.0 Carlos Moyá 4 Rome, Italy Clay 3R 6–4, 7–6(7–4) 24 </Wikitable> Team titles 2002 – [Davis Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Davis_Cup) winner with Russia 2000, 2001, 2002 - [World Team Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Team_Cup) finalist with Russia Tennis records He played exclusively with and endorsed racquets from Austrian company [Fischer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer_(company)) throughout his career. In the episode of Sports Night "Shane", Dan and Jeremy spend over an hour recording and rerecording a ten-second commercial voiceover because Dan cannot say Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Kafelnikov is the only male player in the open era to have won two or more Grand Slam singles titles without also winning a Masters Series title, despite having reached five Masters Series finals. He won the [Kremlin Cup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin_Cup) in Moscow for a record five consecutive times from 1997 to 2001. Other interests Kafelnikov is an avid supporter of [Spartak Moscow FC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Spartak_Moscow). Kafelnikov is a professional golfer, he has won the Russian Amateur Open Championship of Golf in 2011. Note that this national tournament should not be confused with the [Russian Open](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Open) tournament that wasn't held that year. Kafelnikov starred in [Virtua Tennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtua_Tennis), an arcade tennis game. Awards

2024-09-18 22:22:05