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Graphical models for object segmentation Object segmentation, a fundamental problem in computer vision, remains a challenging task after decades of research efforts. This task is made difficult by the intrinsic variability of the object's shape, appearance, and its surrounding. It is compounded by the uncertainties arising from mapping the 3D world to the image plane and the noise in the acquisition systems. However, the human visual system often effectively entails the segmentation of the object from its background by fusing the bottom-up image cues with the top-down context. In this thesis we propose a novel probabilistic graphical modeling framework for object segmentation that effectively and flexibly fuses different sources of information, top and bottom, to produce highly accurate segmentation of objects in a computationally efficient manner. The main contributions of our work are: (1) We present a graphical model representing the relationship of the observed image features, the true region labels, and the underlying object contour based on the integration of Markov Random Fields (MRF) and deformable models. We propose two different solutions to this otherwise intractable joint region-contour inference and learning problem in the graphical model. (2) We introduce a Profile Hidden Markov Model (PHMM) built on the shape curvature sequence descriptor to improve the segmentation of specific objects. The special states and structure of PHMMs allow considerable shape contour perturbations and provide efficient inference and learning algorithms for shape modeling. Further embedding of the PHMM parameters captures the long term spatial dependencies on a shape profile, hence the global characteristics of a shape class.

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(3) We incorporate the proposed methods in a spatio-temporal MRF model to solve the video-based object segmentation problem. Our new model is a simultaneous object segmentation, background modeling, and pose estimation framework, which combines the top-down high-level object shape constraints with the bottom-up low-level image cues, and features a flexible graph structure induced by the motion information for more reliable temporal smoothness. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of all our methods in a wide variety of thorough experiments.

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PATHOLOGY OF THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS One of the disadvantages of Gram stain is that the final Gram counterstain colours not only the Gram-negative material but also all the other background material in the preparation. A modified technique has been developed to improve colour separation and to eliminate much of the unwanted background Gram-negative stain. The basis of the modification to be described is Preston and Morrell's (1962) Gram staining method. The procedure is as follows: Take the section to water. Take 4 g crystal violet, 40 ml methylated spirit (64 OP), and 160 ml of 1 % ammonium oxalate in water, for 30 to 60 seconds for the ammonium oxalate-crystal violet solution. Rinse briefly in water. Apply Lugol's iodine to the section for 30 to 60 seconds. Pour off the iodine solution and wash the section for 30 seconds in iodineacetone (7 ml liquor iodi fortis and 193 ml acetone) to decolorize. Then counterstain with dilute carbol fuchsin for three minutes. Pour off the excess carbol fuchsin and wash the section in picric acid-cellosolve reagent, from a dropper bottle, for 15 seconds to two minutes to differentiate and counterstain. The picric acid-cellosolve solution, which should be made up freshly at least once a week, is 3 ml 0-6% picric acid to 7 ml csllosolve (2-ethoxy ethanol). After counterstaining blot dry, but do not wash, clear in cedarwood oil (for 10 min), take to xylene in ascending grades of cedarwood oilxylene, and mount in DPX. Although this modification of Gram's method was developed specifically to

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stain infected tooth tissue it is not limited to this one application. The technique described is in one step and is a rapid extension to the standard Gram stain used in many laboratories. Its use can make the microscopic diagnosis of the presence of Gram-negative forms in smears and tissue sections much easier. In such sections the cell nuclei are stained pink and the cytoplasm a pale orange yellow against a colourless or pale yellow background so that Gram-negative bacteria are easily demonstrated.

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When should the driver with a history of substance misuse be allowed to return to the wheel? A review of the substance misuse section of the Australian national guidelines Assessing fitness to drive in applicants with a historical or current substance use disorder presents a specific clinical challenge. The Australian guidelines require evidence of remission and absence of cognitive change when considering applications for re‐licensing driver or individuals applying to reengage in safety‐sensitive work. This paper reviews some of the clinical and biochemical indicators that determine whether a particular person is in ‘remission’ and meets the criteria for return to driving or other safety‐sensitive occupation. It provides an overview of the challenges in establishing an evidence‐based approach to determining fitness for safety critical activities. There is no internationally accepted definition of ‘remission’. Review of the literature and examination of assessment protocols from other national jurisdictions are available for alcohol and the more important drugs of interest in road safety. Assessing fitness to drive when there is a history of substance misuse and/or substance use disorders is a complex issue that requires assessment of biomarkers, clinical findings and clinical assessment before the person returns to driving. We propose that hair testing provides a reliable and reproducible way to demonstrate remission and provide cost‐effective monitoring. Standardised psychological tests could provide a reproducible assessment of the cognitive effects of drug use and suitability to resume driving. We recommend that AustRoads amend the national guidelines to reflect an evidence‐based approach to assessing fitness to drive after conviction for offences related

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to alcohol and drug use.

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Multiscale 3D analysis of creep cavities in AISI type 316 stainless steel Abstract A sample of AISI type 316 stainless steel from a power station steam header, showing reheat cracking, was removed from service and has been examined by a combination of microscale X-ray computed tomography (CT), nanoscale serial section focused ion beam–scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Multiscale three-dimensional analysis using correlative tomography allowed key regions to be found and analysed with high resolution techniques. The grain boundary analysed was decorated with micrometre sized, facetted cavities, M23C6 carbides, ferrite and G phase but no σ phase. Smaller intragranular M23C6 particles were also observed, close to the grain boundaries. This intimate coexistence suggests that the secondary phases will control the nucleation and growth of the cavities. Current models of cavitation, based on isolated idealised grain boundary cavities, are oversimplified.

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The Struggle for Land and Territory between the Guarani Kaiowá Indigenous People and Agribusiness Farmers on the Brazilian Border with Paraguay: Decolonization, Transit Territory and Multi/Transterritoriality ABSTRACT This article analyzes the struggle for land and territory of the Guarani and Kaiowá peoples and of agribusiness farmers on the border between Brazil and Paraguay. This process results from the territorialization of agribusiness through a privatist logic of spoliation and deterritorialization of which the main victims are the Guarani and Kaiowá peoples who occupied their traditional territories. In this struggle, agribusiness farmers build hegemonic multi/transterritoriality through the corporate use of articulated territories on both sides of the border. The Guarani and Kaiowá peoples elaborate a subaltern multi/transterritoriality as a geostrategy of struggle and resistance for the demarcation of traditional territories.

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Pantothenic acid and coenzyme A in experimental cisplatin-induced ototoxia. We have observed that pantothenic acid (PA) prevents deafness induced by cisplatin (CP) in the guinea pig if both drugs are administered jointly. When deafness was previously produced, recovery was sometimes obtained after the administration of PA; so, we studied the effects of PA on cisplatian-induced ototoxia in guinea pigs, both as a prophylactic agent in healthy animals, and as a therapeutic agent in animals previously made deaf by the drug. To elucidate why PA protects the ear from the toxic effects of CP, we used coenzyme A (CoA) instead of PA-since PA is a component of CoA-to test the hypothesis that the action of PA is due to CoA. The results were practically the same in both experiences, the compound action potential of the auditory nerve (CAP) was tested and cochleas were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results suggest that the protective effect of PA takes place through CoA. Both substances had the same effect on CP ototoxicity, but CoA appears to be much more active, since the dose tested here was much lower than that of PA.

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Solving nonlinear differential equations having periodic solutions A technique is proposed that permits solving to within 15 or more decimal places, in explicit form, initial value problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations having oscillatory periodic solutions. The technique is elementary and relies on employing a numerical solver to generate a solution having a high degree of precision, estimating the period of the numerical solution, and then estimating the Fourier series coefficients of the numerical solution. Using the computer algebra system Mathematica, its routine NDSolve

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Synthesis of stereoselectively 5'-monodeuterated nucleoside with defined S/R-ratios. An application to the assignment of 5'-methylene signals of DNA oligomers. A method to prepare 5'-monodeuterated nucleosides with various S/R-ratios is described. 5-Oxopentose derivatives synthesized from glucose were converted into 5-monodeuterated pentose derivatives by LiAID4 in the presence of various ligands. The stereoselectivities of the deuteration reactions were investigated under a variety of conditions, and the S/R-ratios of the 5-monodeuterated pentoses varied from 4 : 1 to 1 : 7.4. By mixing these 5-monodeuterated pentose derivatives, we have successfully synthesized thymidine with a defined S/R-ratio at C5'.

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Positive Organization Development This article presents a framework for Innovation-inspired Positive Organization Development (IPOD). IPOD is presented as both a radical break from the problem solving approaches that have come to dominate the field, as well as a homecoming to OD’s original affirmative spirit. The converging fields that inform the theory and practice of IPOD are detailed: Appreciative Inquiry, positive organizational scholarship, positive psychology, design theory, and the rise of sustainable enterprises. The theory of change underlying IPOD is articulated, including the three stages in creating strengths-based organizational innovation: 1) the elevation-and-extension of strengths, 2) the broadenand-building of capacity, and 3) the establishment of the new-and-eclipsing of the old. Recent work from the city of Cleveland, Ohio illustrates how these stages unfold. The chapter concludes with an agenda for evolving the field of IPOD, calling for a focus on designing positive institutions that refract and magnify our highest human strengths outward into society.

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Nascent Chain Folding of Potassium Channels. Potassium channels are tetrameric membrane proteins that provide a highly selective conduit for K+ ions to diffuse across the hydrophobic barrier of cell membranes. As such, their function is critical for processes like neuronal excitability, secretion of hormones, and muscle contraction. One subset of K+ channels, voltage‐gated (Kv) channels, is exquisitely sensitive to small changes of membrane potential. Although the structure and function of mature Kv channels have been studied extensively, little is known about the early folding events in channel biogenesis. We have developed several biochemical approaches to define the stages and compartments in which secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of Kv channels are acquired. The Kv channel contains classical hydrophobic transmembrane segments as well as charged transmembrane segments responsible for sensing voltage. How these diverse segments fold and wend their way through the ribosome, translocon, and beyond, is a mystery. I will discuss nascent peptide folding of Kv cytosolic and transmembrane segments both inside and outside of the ribosomal exit tunnel.

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ASIC design of a Kohonen neural network microchip This paper discusses the Kohonen neural network (KNN) processor and its KNN computation engine microchip. The ASIC design of the KNN processor adopts a novel implementation approach whereby the computation of the KNN algorithm is performed on the custom ASIC microchip and its operations are governed by a FPGA based controller. Thus, the ASIC implementation of the KNN processor is derived through integration between a custom ASIC and FPGA. The 3.3V AMI 0.5/spl mu/m C05M-D process technology was used to achieve the VLSI design of the computation engine microchip and the entire design adopted the BBX cell based methodology, which is a viable alternative to conventional ASIC methodology.

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Renal damage in primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVES In experimental animal models, exogenous aldosterone excess has been linked to the progression of renal disease. However, the evidence of an increased risk of renal damage in patients affected by primary aldosteronism remains controversial. We aimed at evaluating the association between primary aldosteronism and renal damage through a meta-analysis. METHODS We performed a quantitative review of studies evaluating parameters of renal function in patients affected by primary aldosteronism compared with hypertensive patients without primary aldosteronism and in patients affected by primary aldosteronism before and after treatment. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 1960 up to April 2019. RESULTS Forty-six studies including 6056 patients with primary aldosteronism and 9733 patients affected by arterial hypertension without primary aldosteronism were included. After 8.5 years from hypertension diagnosis, patients with primary aldosteronism had an increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared with hypertensive patients without primary aldosteronism [by 3.37 ml/min IQR (0.82-5.93)] and a more severe albuminuria [standard mean difference 0.55 (0.19-0.91)], resulting into an association with microalbuminuria [odds ratio (OR) 2.09 (1.40; 3.12)] and proteinuria [OR 2.68 (1.89;3.79)]. Following primary aldosteronism treatment, after a median follow-up of 12 months, a reduction in eGFR was observed [by -10.69 ml/min (-13.23; -8.16)], consistent in both medically and surgically treated patients. Similarly, a reduction in albumin excretion and an increase in serum creatinine were observed after treatment. CONCLUSION Patients affected by primary aldosteronism, compared with patients affected by arterial hypertension without primary aldosteronism,

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display a more pronounced target organ damage, which can be mitigated by the specific treatment.

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[Short-stay units depending on Internal Medicine]. BACKGROUND Wetry to establish the utility that a Short Stay Unit depending on Internal Medicine has for a third level hospital. This unit manages the patients under the "appropriate stay" concept. METHODS Several clinical and epidemic variables and sanitary indicators were studied in 867 patients. Cost was measured as the origin by average stays, explorations and readmission. Effectiveness was considered as the percentage of discharges that stay in the hospital for three days or less. RESULTS The average age of the patients was 65.05 years. 55% were males. 82.24% had any previous disease. The most common diagnosis (ICD-9) were respiratory diseases, nervous system diseases and digestive diseases. The average stay of the patients was 57 hours, 2,259 explorations were ordered, it supposes an average of 0.328 urgent explorations and 2,276 UCE explorations. 310 explorations were no received when the patient was sent home. 36.56% of the patients required no explorations. 62.4% of the patients were sent home. Explorations not received had a bad influence in the average stay and in the discharges. Readmissions were 9.36%. CONCLUSIONS We got hay 62.4% of the patients had a stay of 2,375 days in the hospital, With a reasonably low cost in readmissions and explorations. However it wasn't possible to establish which patient coming to the Emergency Service is appropriate for this Short Stay Unit.

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Immunomodulatory Efficacy of Phyllanthus Emblica and Costus Speciosus Aqueous Extracts for Immunosuppressive Rats. The immune system helps in eliminating toxic or allergenic substances that enter through mucosal surfaces. The immune system’s ability to mobilize a response to an invading pathogen, toxin or allergen is its ability to distinguish self from non-self. This investigation aimed to study the immunomodulatory efficacy of phyllanthus emblica and costus speciosus aqueous extracts for immunosuppressive rats. Forty two mature male albino rats weighing 150-200 g were used in this work. Rats were divided into 6 equal groups (n=7 rats); one group kept as a control negative, while the rest five groups were once injected intraperitoneally with a single dose (200 mg/kg body weight) of cyclophosphamide for immunosupprission, then devided to five equal groups, one of them left as control positive group (C +ve) while the rest four groups orally ingested with two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of phyllanthus emblica and costus speciosus aqueous extracts for each of them. At the end of experimental period (45 days), blood samples were collected and CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD19 were analyzed by flow cytometric El-Sayed H. Bakr and Mona. E.M.Naga 102 analysis. IgM, IgA and IgG were determined using indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of serum albumin and globulin were determined. The obtained results concluded that phyllanthus emblica and costus speciosus enhanced immunomodulatory efficacy by increasing blood levels of CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, IgM and IgG, moreover, increasing serum levels of albumin and globulins. The group of costus speciosus at a dose

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of 500 mg/kg. b.wt., declaired the best significant results to boost immunity compared to all experimental groups. The present investigation revealed that Phyllanthus emblica and costus speciosus aqueous extracts possess immunomodulatory efficacy with regard to immunosuppressive animals.

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Proposed Bio-authentication System for Question Bank in Learning Management Systems The construction of online exams depends entirely on a pool of questions known as “Question bank” used to form online exams via an adopted learning management systems(LMS). The construction process of a question bank is very sensitive and time-consuming since it requires high skills and practice background of the assigned person. Complexity and expertise are needed to form high level assessments to assure the correct of knowledge transmission and success to acquire the needed knowledge. Previous studies and researches including LMS development progress have aimed only to identify and authenticate students to attempt online exams by merging traditional technologies (username , password) sometimes in combination with fingerprints or face recognition verification mechanisms. This research questions the security level of question bank itself which is considered as backbone of online exams against unwanted acts. We present a mutual design of a Bio-authentication technology of fingerprint of the authorized person as a nested internal security level to access the question bank. We believe it is a novel solution to come over many daily hacking scenarios simply as the case of forgetting the authorized access with high privileges unattended for many reasons which gives a hazardous snap for unwanted users to access the question bank . This novel solution is profoundly emerging fingerprint as data in the internal information security progress of user authentication in case of first level’s (Password/username) busting. This internal security level protects educational process and reflects its sensation for quality assurance purposes.

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A New View of the Cosmic Landscape In this scenario, a generic meta-stable deSitter vacuum site in the cosmic landscape in string theory has a very short lifetime. Typically, the smaller is the vacuum energy of a meta-stable site, the longer is its lifetime. This view of the landscape can provide a qualitative dynamical explanation why the dark energy of our universe is so small. The argument for this scenario is based on resonance tunneling, a well-known quantum mechanical phenomenon, the topography of the landscape, and the vastness of the cosmic landscape. Mapping the topography of the landscape, even if only in a small region, will test the validity of this scenario.

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Flavonoids as cycline-dependent kinase inhibitors: inhibition of cdc 25 phosphatase activity by flavonoids belonging to the quercetin and kaempferol series. In an effort to detect potential inhibitors of cdc25 phosphatase, nineteen flavonoids belonging to the quercetin and kaempferol series have been evaluated, using a colorimetric assay of recombinant human cdc25A tyrosine phosphatase as a cell cycle-specific target. Compounds bearing two benzyl or methyl groups in positions 7 and 4' and acetyl on the hydroxy groups of the sugar moiety showed the maximal activity.

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VUV Fourier-transform absorption study of the Lyman and Werner bands in D2. An extensive survey of the D(2) absorption spectrum has been performed with the high-resolution VUV Fourier-transform spectrometer employing synchrotron radiation. The frequency range of 90,000-119,000 cm(-1) covers the full depth of the potential wells of the B (1)Σ(u)(+), B' (1)Σ(u)(+), and C (1)Π(u) electronic states up to the D(1s) + D(2l) dissociation limit. Improved level energies of rovibrational levels have been determined up to respectively v = 51, v = 13, and v = 20. Highest resolution is achieved by probing absorption in a molecular gas jet with slit geometry, as well as in a liquid helium cooled static gas cell, resulting in line widths of ≈0.35 cm(-1). Extended calibration methods are employed to extract line positions of D(2) lines at absolute accuracies of 0.03 cm(-1). The D (1)Π(u) and B'' (1)Σ(u)(+) electronic states correlate with the D(1s) + D(3l]) dissociation limit, but support a few vibrational levels below the second dissociation limit, respectively, v = 0-3 and v = 0-1, and are also included in the presented study. The complete set of resulting level energies is the most comprehensive and accurate data set for D(2). The observations are compared with previous studies, both experimental and theoretical.

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Recognition of Weave Patterns of Striped Fabrics Using Optical Coherence Tomography The recognition of woven fabric repeat by conventional techniques is labour intensive. In general, woven fabric repeat identification is accomplished automatically by employing complex algorithms and techniques. These algorithms may, however, occasionally fail, especially when dealing with high complexity texture patterns, structures, figures and colours. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the capability of taking high resolution images via contactless measurements. In this paper we apply the spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging technique for identifying striped woven fabric repeat automatically. OCT scans corresponding to four different fabrics, from which the weave matrixes were recognised, are reported in this study. Automatic identification of weave patterns of striped fabrics was accomplished non-destructively by employing optical coherence tomography.

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Interstitial naive and memory T cells in chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Naohiro Yano, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-11 (Japan) Dear Sir, The degree of cell infiltration in the inter-stitium showed direct correlation with the severity of glomerular damage in typical cases of primary glomerulonephritis [1]. However, the role of interstitial infiltrating cells in the progress of glomerulonephritis has not been clarified. A common finding in previous reports [2, 3] is the dominance of CD4-positive helper/inducer T cells in the interstitium. For further analysis of the phenotypes and the roles of interstitial cells, immunohistochemical staining of CD45RA-positive cells, that is, non-antigen-stimulated ‘naive T cells’ and CD45RO-positive cells, that is, antigen-stimulated ‘memory T cells’ [4, 5] in primary chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) using the avidin-biotin complex peroxidase technique was performed. As shown in table 1, we evaluated renal tissues after separating them into two groups, i.e., mild glomerular change group (grade I or II) and moderate to severe change group (grade III or IV). CD45RO-positive memory T cells were the dominant population of interstitial infiltrating T cells (fig. 1). Memory T cells are known as producers of cytokines [5,6]. In order to evaluate the hypothesis that infiltrating T cells produce cytokines, we attempted immunohistochemical peroxidase-alkaliphosphatase double staining using several anticytokine antibodies, but no clear signals indicating memory T cells produced some cytokines could be obtained. A sophisticated technique such as the in situ hybridization method is required to clarify the role of interstitial memory T cells. Acknowledgement This study was supported by

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a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare.

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Girls debating penises, orgasms, masturbation and pornography Abstract This paper presents findings from a study of students’ writings about the erotic. These occurred in the form of graffiti and were scrawled on toilet doors for female students attending a higher education institution in Malta. The study explores how the erotic was defined and perceived by students, and how they attempted to create alternative spaces to explore their erotic selves through their writing. Foucault’s notion of heterotopia, which refers to spaces enacted for the Other, informs the analysis. Heterotopias subvert the order of spaces and mirror other dominant sites that make up the social fabric. This framework considers the lavatories as heterotopias, through which students broke silences and taboos about the erotic by challenging perspectives concerning sexual relatedness and erotic fantasy. In the absence of sexuality education in the curriculum of the institution in which the study took place, the study suggests that students may have sought out and constructed new ways of learning.

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Drivers of change in the epifaunal assemblages associated with intertidal macro-algae at the Mangrove site south Safaga, Egypt, Red Sea The Red Sea is characterized by the presence of more than one ecosystem within its coastal areas. These ecosystems included the most famous coral reef, sea grass, and mangrove in addition to sandy and rocky beaches (El-Nagar et al., 2017). Among all these different types of ecosystems and habitats, a vast number of marine species were found to be associated with a single and/or multiple habitats. The most repeated habitat ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: May 03, 2020 Accepted: May 15, 2020 Online: May 18, 2020 _______________

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Artificial Human Optimization - An Introduction The goal of this article is : 1) To popularize "Artificial Human Optimization" field 2) To show opportunities that exist in "Artificial Human Optimization" field. 3) To Design an optimization method based on Artificial Humans 4) To show reviews of papers in “Artificial Human Optimization” field 5) To make corrections to my previews work in “Artificial Human Optimization” field 6) To encourage researchers across the globe to work in “Artificial Human Optimization” field 7) To give Artificial Human Optimization award to researchers who contributed to this new field

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Secondary structure, membrane localization, and coassembly within phospholipid membranes of synthetic segments derived from the N‐ and C‐termini regions of the ROMK1 K+ channel The hydropathy plot of the inwardly rectifying ROMK1 K+ channel, which reveals two transmembrane and a pore region domains, also reveals areas of intermediate hydrophobicity in the N terminus (M0) and in the C terminus (post‐M2). Peptides that correspond to M0, post‐M2, and a control peptide, pre‐M0, were synthesized and characterized for their structure, affinity to phospholipid membranes, organizational state in membranes, and ability to self‐assemble and coassemble in the membrane‐bound state. CD spectroscopy revealed that both M0 and post‐M2 adopt highly α‐helical structures in 1% SDS and 40% TFE/water, whereas pre‐M0 is not α‐helical in either 1% SDS or 40% TFE/water. Binding experiments with NBD‐labeled peptides demonstrated that both M0 and post‐M2, but not pre‐M0, bind to zwitterionic phospholipid membranes with partition coefficients of 103–105 M−1. A surface localization for both post‐M2 and M0 was indicated by NBD shift, tryptophan quenching experiments with brominated phospholipids, and enzymatic cleavage. Resonance energy transfer measurements between fluorescently labeled pairs of donor (NBD)/acceptor (rhodamine) peptides revealed that M0 and post‐M2 can coassemble in their membrane‐bound state, but cannot self‐associate when membrane‐bound. The results are in agreement with recent data indicating that amino acids in the carboxy terminus of inwardly rectifying K+ channels have a major role in specifying the pore properties of the channels (Taglialatela M, Wible BA, Caporaso R, Brown AM, 1994, Science 264:844–847; Pessia M, Bond CT, Kavanaugh MP, Adelman JP, 1995, Neuron

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14:1039–1045). The relevance of the results presented herein to the suggested model for the structure of the ROMK1 channel and to general aspects of molecular recognition between membrane‐bound polypeptides are also discussed.

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Outcome of complex surgical resection and reconstruction for rare thoracic cancers: the clinical value of a predictive score Background. Complex surgical resection and reconstruction for rare thoracic cancers (RTCs) represent a major challenge, given their very low frequency, extreme variability of presentation, multi-modality treatment options and inadequate outcome prediction. We reported the experience of a tertiary referral centre on a consecutive series of RTC patients, to predict outcome by disease and complexity of surgical procedures. Methods. From Jan 2003 to Dec 2018, 1122 surgical procedures were performed with curative intent on 952 RTC patients. Study endpoints were: post-operative hospital stay (Pod), 30-day and 90-day mortality, 5-year and 10-year survival (OS). The follow-up was closed at June 2020. Results. Median Pod was 8 days, with a 2% 30-day and 3.9% 90-day mortality. Overall survival (OS) was 85.7% at 1 year, 61.7% at 5 years and 50.7% at 10 years. Ten-year OS was 64.8% in low, 58.8% in intermediate, and 42.4% in high complexity score (Log-rank tests p<0.0001); 64.4% in patients with 1 or 2 reconstructions and 32.8% in patients with 3 or more reconstructions; 44.5% with vascular and 48% with chest wall reconstruction; 71.8% in germ cell tumors and 0% in mesothelioma. Conclusion. Complex surgical resection and reconstruction was associated with acceptable 90-day mortality and good 10-year survival in all RTCs but mesothelioma. A predictive score based on surgical complexity and cancer type can help the clinical decision making.

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Roundtable discussion: Organising cleaners in the context of Covid-19 People working as cleaners represent a substantial part of the modern British working class. Low-paid, often part-time, disproportionately female and, more recently, from black and minority ethnic and migrant communities, this workforce has historically been seen as hard to organise. Yet the Covid-19 crisis has elevated the status of cleaning as a key part of maintaining public health. In this article, trade union organisers with experience of working with cleaners discuss the possibilities of the current conjuncture for effecting a step change in both unionisation and the reconstruction of public services.

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Cell surface density of p185(c-erbB-2) determines susceptibility to anti-p185(c-erbB-2)-ricin A chain (RTA) immunotoxin therapy alone and in combination with anti-p170(EGFR)-RTA in ovarian cancer cells. Approximately 30% of ovarian and breast cancers overexpress p185(c-erbB-2) with as many as 10(6) receptors/cell. Normal cells have as few as 10(4) receptors/cell. We have examined the susceptibility of SKOv3 human ovarian cancer cells to anti-c-erbB2 antibodies and immunotoxins as a function of c-erbB-2 density on the cell surface. A panel of SKOv3 clones that expressed different densities of p185(c-erbB-2) receptor were generated through transfection with the c-erbB-2 gene. A significant correlation was found between p185(c-erbB-2) density and susceptibility to killing by anti-p185(c-erbB-2)-ricin A chain (anti-p185(c-erbB-2)-RTA) immunotoxins. With 10(5) copies/cell of p185(c-erbB-2), <10% of clonogenic ovarian cancer cells could be eliminated, whereas in clones that expressed 10(6) copies/cell of p185(c-erbB-2), 99.9% of clonogenic tumor cells were killed. In cell lines that overexpressed p185(c-erbB-2) and also expressed p170(EGFR), anti-p185(cerbB-2)-RTA and anti-p170(EGFR)-RTA immunotoxins exerted synergistic cytotoxicity. Treatment with the two immunotoxins could eliminate 99.99% of clonogenic cells. Importantly, tumor cells that had survived first treatment with anti-p185(c-erbB2)-RTA alone still retained sensitivity to repeat treatment with the same immunotoxin and also proved susceptible to the synergistic cytotoxicity of anti-p185(cerbB-2)-RTA in combination with anti-p170(EGFR)-RTA. Growth characteristics of the clones expressing various levels of p185(c-erbB-2) were also studied. No correlation was found between p185(c-erbB-2) expression levels and the rate of anchorage-dependent growth, anchorage-independent growth, or in vivo growth in nude mice.

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Cerebral vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. This case is of a 52-year-old lady, who presented with a 7-day history of headache associated with nausea and vomiting. On physical examination, she was apyrexial, and neurological examination was unremarkable. She had a history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed 20 years previously. During this time, she had been treated with multiple anti-rheumatic drugs, including Gold, Sulphasalazine, Methotrexate, Penicillamine and Leflunomide, in addition to several arthroplasties and arthrodeses. No extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid disease were documented since diagnosis. Laboratory investigations on admission showed haemoglobin of 135 g/l, white cell count of 9.7 × 109/l, platelets of 171 × 109/l, C-reactive protein of <5 mg/l and erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 36 mm/h. A CT scan of her head was reported as a normal unenhanced CT brain (Figure 1A), with no focal infarct or haemorrhage. She was discharged home the following day, her headache improved, the provisional diagnosis being migraine. She re-presented 7 days later with the same three symptoms of headache, nausea and vomiting, in addition to a new right visual field defect, ataxia and expressive dysphasia. A further CT scan revealed appearances consistent with left occipital infarction (Figure 1B). High-dose oral glucocorticoids (1 mg/kg) were commenced as it was felt that temporal arteritis could not be excluded clinically. Seven days later, and with no clinical improvement, she suffered a recurrence of symptoms with sudden onset of left-sided weakness, left visual field defect and confusion. CT scanning revealed multiple large, new right parieto-occipital, right high …

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The Unipolar Dynamotor: A Genuine Relational Engine We describe two quasi trivial, “old fashioned” [1], but cleverly conceived, undisputable, experiments which disprove Kennard-type absolutistic interpretations of unipolar machines [2,3]. Our findings are in agreement with Weber’s statements concerning the role of relative motion in electrodynamics [4], as advanced by himself towards the middle of the 19 century. And also we agree with Mach’s views concerning motion at the most general level [5]. This work settles our earlier contributions devoted to unipolar induction [6,7]. “For nearly a century after its discovery by Faraday in 1832 the unipolar generator was a conundrum for the theory of electromagnetism”-D.F. Bartlett et al. Phys. Rev D 16 (12), 3459 (1977). “We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances ”. Isaac Newton.

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The effect of light on core body temperature is mediated by melatonin in women. Acute exposure to bright light at night reduces the nocturnal decline of core body temperature (cBT) and inhibits melatonin secretion in men. Since inhibition of melatonin secretion by beta-adrenergic blockade reduces the nocturnal decline of cBT by 40% in women, experiments were performed to investigate whether the thermoregulatory effect of light is mediated by modifications of melatonin secretion in cycling women. Results show that the elevation of cBT induced by nocturnal exposure to bright light (3000 lux) can be reversed completely by circumventing the decline of serum melatonin levels with concurrent oral administration of melatonin. Our finding establishes melatonin as the mediator of the effect of light on cBT in women and provides a rationale for the use of orally administered melatonin as an aid in the reentrainment of the cBT rhythm in desynchronized conditions.

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The Regulation and Governance of Clinical Trials: Past and Present Considerations to Ensure Ethical Treatment of Human Participants. Clinical trials are crucial in determining whether novel medical interventions are effective and safe. The use of human participants in such trials is also vital, as animal testing and computer simulation are no substitutes for testing people. Regulation aimed to ensure ethical and safe practices when using human participants, had its beginnings at a global level in response to World War II atrocities. Since that time, there has been an exponential rise of clinical trials, driven mostly by large pharmaceutical companies and for-profit contract research organisations motivated to find preventions and cures for illness and disease, and profit. In turn, there is an ever-growing demand for clinical trial human participants. This article considers historical and contemporary instances of when such trials have gone wrong, and examines the development, and importance of comprehensive, robust, and responsive regulation and governance of clinical trials at both international and domestic levels of which researchers must be aware.

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Adoption of biofuels for marine shipping decarbonization: A long‐term price and scalability assessment This study assessed the long‐term annual biofuel production capacity potential and price in the United States and shed light on the prospect of biofuel adoption for marine propulsion. A linear programming model was developed to assist the projections and provide insightful analyses. The projected long‐term (2040) maximum annual capacity of biofuels in the United States is 245 million metric tons (Mt) or 65 billion gallons of heavy fuel oil gallon equivalent (HFOGE) when based on the median feedstock availability. Between 2022 (near‐term) and 2040, the potential biofuel capacity increases by over 40%, attributed to increased feedstock availability. At a price range up to $500/t, biodiesel is the main product, and the annual capacity (12 Mt) is limited to feedstock availability constraints. Biodiesel and corn ethanol are the main biofuels at a price range up to $750/t. At a higher price point (above $750/t), the biofuel types and annual capacities increase substantially (218 Mt per year). Biofuels above this price include gasoline‐, jet‐, and diesel‐range blendstocks, as well as bio‐methanol, bio‐propane, and biogas. This study concludes that the US domestic feedstock availability coupled with advanced conversion technologies can produce substantial amounts of biofuels to achieve a critical mass and be impactful as alternative marine fuels. There is also a need to improve the biofuel price for marine shipping adoption. Policies and economic incentives that provide temporary financial support would help facilitate maritime biofuel adoption. © 2022 Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Biofuels, Bioproducts and

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Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Safety of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), one of the most widely used classes of drugs in the world, are effective antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic agents. Although they differ from one another in chemical class, all inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins. Because prostaglandins serve a variety of physiological functions in organs throughout the body, NSAIDs frequently have side effects. For example, prostaglandins contribute to the protective barrier that prevents ulcerations in the mucosa of the stomach, and they are also critical in maintaining renal and gastromucosal perfusion when they are threatened. Thus, NSAIDs can increase the risk of gastric ulcers and of usually . . .

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Thermoelectric (TE) Cooled Sensors For Thermographic Instruments This paper presents a compilation of information on the history and features of thermo-electric coolers, infrared detectors and their combination into detector/cooler packages. It shows their potential for utilization as the thermal infrared sensors in those measurement devices related to the problems of energy conservation in building envelopes. General sensor considerations are reviewed in light of present and future applications and features of a typical commercial instrument using thermoelectrically cooled detectors are presented. The history, evolution and features of the cooler detector package, which is the heart of the system is presented. The presentation highlights the desirable attributes of these often overlooked thermoelectrically cooled detectors. Features such as low cost, high reliability, low power, lightweight and long life make them more appreciated and attractive to future commercial instrumentation designs.

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Alkaline hydrolysis of cefotaxime. A HPLC and 1H NMR study. A kinetic study on the alkaline hydrolysis of cefotaxime at pH 10.5 and 37 degrees C has been carried out by using HPLC and 1H NMR. The main resulting degradation products have been isolated and identified. These include, apart from the well-known deacetylcefotaxime, the exocyclic methylene derivative, the 7-epimer of cefotaxime and the 7-epimer of deacetylcefotaxime. The kinetic constants involved in the process have been determined and according to the experimental results the attack of the hydroxyl group on the ester function bonded to the 3'-carbon is the fastest step in the proposed kinetic scheme. It should be emphasized that the base-catalyzed epimerization of the hydrogen at the 7 position clearly depends on the presence of a good electron-withdrawing group at C(3'). On the other hand, no hydrolysis of the amide at position 7 was detected.

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Mouse Magnetic-field Nystagmus in Strong Static Magnetic Fields Is Dependent on the Presence of Nox3. HYPOTHESIS Magnetic vestibular stimulation (MVS) elicits nystagmus in C57BL/6J mice but not head tilt mice lacking Nox3, which is required for normal otoconial development. BACKGROUND Humans have vertigo and nystagmus in strong magnetic fields within magnetic resonance imaging machines. The hypothesized mechanism is a Lorentz force driven by electrical current entering the utricular neuroepithelium, acting indirectly on crista hair cells via endolymph movement deflecting cupulae. We tested an alternate hypothesized mechanism: Lorentz action directly on crista hair cell stereocilia, driven by their currents independent of the utricle. METHODS Before MVS, vestibulo-ocular reflex responses of eight C57BL/6J mice and six head tilt mice were measured during whole-body sinusoidal rotations and tilts using video-oculography. Mice were then placed within a 4.7 Tesla magnetic field with the horizontal semicircular canals approximately Earth-horizontal for ≥1 minute in several head orientations, while eye movements were recorded via infrared video in darkness. RESULTS Outside the magnet, both C57BL/6J and head tilt mice had intact horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex, but only C57BL/6J mice exhibited static counter-roll responses to tilt (normal utiruclo-ocular reflex). When placed in the magnet nose-first, C57BL/6J mice had left-beating nystagmus, lasting a median of 32.8 seconds. When tail-first, nystagmus was right-beating and similar duration (median 28.0 s, p > 0.05). In contrast, head tilt mice lacked magnetic field-induced nystagmus (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS C57BL/6J mice generate nystagmus in response to MVS, while mice deficient in Nox3 do not. This suggests 1) a normal utricle is necessary,

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and 2) functioning semicircular canals are insufficient, to generate MVS-induced nystagmus in mice.

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Universal Bufferless Packet Switching A packet-switching algorithm specifies the actions of the nodes in order to deliver packets in the network. A packet-switching algorithm is universal if it applies to any network topology and for any batch communication problem on the network. A long-standing open problem has concerned the existence of a universal packet-switching algorithm with near-optimal performance guarantees for the class of bufferless networks where the buffer size for packets in transit is zero. We give a positive answer to this question. In particular, we give a universal bufferless algorithm which is within a polylogarithmic factor from optimal for arbitrary batch problems: ${\cal T}=O\left({\cal T}^*\cdot \log^3(n+N)\right)$, where ${\cal T}$ is the packet delivery time of our algorithm, ${\cal T}^*$ is the optimal delivery time, n is the size of the network, and $N$ is the number of packets. At the heart of our result is a new deterministic technique for constructing a universal bufferless algorithm by emulating a store-and-forward algorithm on a transformation of the network. The main idea is to replace packet buffering in the transformed network with packet circulation in regions of the original network. The cost of the emulation on the packet delivery time is proportional to the buffer sizes used by the store-and-forward algorithm. We obtain the advertised result by using a store-and-forward algorithm with logarithmic sized buffers. The resulting bufferless algorithm is constructive and can be implemented in a distributed way.

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The effect of DAU 6215, a novel 5HT-3 antagonist, in animal models of anxiety. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DAU 6215 (N-(endo-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2, 3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide, hydrochloride), which is a 5HT-3 receptor antagonist, chemically different from the other 5HT-3 antagonists, on a wide variety of animal models sensitive to anxiolytics. Nine animal models were used. DAU 6215 was active in reducing (i) aversion to a brightly lit environment in the light/dark exploratory test in mice, (ii) unpleasant properties of an aversive drug in rats (naloxone-induced place aversion), and (iii) aggressiveness in monkeys. DAU 6215 was effective at doses ranging (a) between 10 and 1000 micrograms/kg given i.p. in mice, (b) between 15 and 30 micrograms/kg given s.c. in rats and (c) between 1 and 10 micrograms/kg given orally in monkeys. DAU 6215 was inactive in (iv) the elevated plus maze, (v) conflict test and (vi) emotional hypophagia in rats and in (vii) the four plates test, (viii) staircase test and (ix) stress-induced hyperthermia in mice. Diazepam was active in all tests. In contrast to diazepam, DAU 6215 did not induce place preference, suggesting the possible lack of addictive properties.

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The State of Criminal Justice Educational Programs in the United States: Bachelors’ Degrees, Curriculum Standards, and the Ongoing Quest for Quality While definitions for, and assessments of, the quality of degree programs in higher education are varied, in criminal justice the field has determined a quality program is one that meets certain standards involving such areas as program mission, curriculum, faculty credentials, and resources determined through “academic certification” by the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences (ACJS).The problem is few programs have pursued certification and almost no research has otherwise assessed degree program quality. Using data collected from the population of bachelor’s degree programs in criminal justice (BCJ) operating during 2015–2016 (N = 670), this study assessed program curriculum using ACJS standards, and examined institutional, departmental, and programmatic influences on the number of standards met. Results indicated BCJ programs met few curriculum standards, and that departmental factors were especially significant influences on the number of standards met. These results warrant revisiting accreditation as the mechanism for insuring the quality of criminal justice academic programs.

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Utilizing Big Data Framework to Support Decision Making Process: Enterprise Architecture Approach A university is expected to continue to develop through various periods of change and innovation to remain at the forefront in the field of information technology, and always produce graduates who are ready to apply and have quality. A university's commitment to quality, has pushed to implement a quality management system to maintain the overall education program that has been built. With strategic planning and university business management processes, designing an Enterprise Architecture (EA) as an architectural basic for providing data for the analysis of university management conditions using big data technology and data analytics is the answer. So that information can support rapid decision-making process in business management. This study uses the Value Chain method to analyze business processes, and the Zachman Framework approach to detail the needs of enterprise architecture, with the highest goal of this research is to produce Enterprise Architecture design and management blueprints.

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Nasally administered buserelin inducing complete remission of lung metastases in male breast Cancer A 60‐year‐old man with bilateral lung metastases from breast cancer was treated with the gonadotropin‐releasing hormone analogue, buserelin, given as an intranasal spray. Androgen deprivation and complete remission of lung metastases were achieved with minimal side effects. Androgen deprivation by means of nasally administered buserelin offers an easy and efficient alternate approach in the treatment of metastatic male breast cancer. Cancer 59:688‐689, 1987.

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New state fertility-related laws dropped sharply in 1980 to lowest total since 1972. State legislatures enacted less fertility-related legislation in 1980 than in any year since 1972. 28 new laws were passed in 1980, compared to 61 in 1979. The drop in new laws was caused by a lack of abortion legislation. From 1973, when the Supreme Court legalized abortion, through 1980, states have passed a total of 191 abortion-related laws covering abortion, from the aspect of informed consent to protection of the fetus to Medicaid funding. Abortion dominated the field in 1980's legislation also. There was no legislation dealing with the problems of teen pregnancy. California voted to authorize minors over 12 to consent to hospital, surgical, and medical care for the diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases and specified that the minor's parents will not be liable for expenses. There was no initiative by state legislatures in sex education. Only Maryland, New Jersey, Kentucky, and the District of Columbia require schools to offer sex education. The number of new laws pertaining to insurance coverage of fertility related medical services doubled from 1979 to 1980. In 1980, Alabama, Idaho, Oklahoma, and Tennessee joined the list of states requesting Congress to call a constitutional convention to propose an antiabortion amendment. Alabama, Idaho, and Oklahoma seek an amendment to outlaw abortion except to save a woman's life.

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[Determination of the minimal length DNA homologous region required for plasmid integration into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome via homologous recombination]. With a view to determine a minimal sequence length of homology necessary for RecE-dependent homologous recombination in Bacillus subtilis cells, we developed a system, based on interaction between plasmid replicon and bacterial chromosome. Recombination frequencies were measured between ts plasmid pE194 derivatives carrying chromosomal beta-glucuronidase gene (bglS) fragments of various length, and a bacterial chromosome. The homologous recombination events resulted in bglS gene disruption. Approx. 70 bp of homology were found to be necessary for detectable homologous recombination. Homologous recombination was not detected when homology was equal 25 bp. These data indicate that homology requirement for recombination in B. subtilis differs from that in Escherichia coli.

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Greater Occipital Nerve Block as a Tool to Diagnose Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Before Epidural Blood Patch: A Case Report. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) has been increasingly characterized in recent years. A definitive diagnostic algorithm remains controversial because several symptoms are often found to be nonspecific. When neuroimaging fails to identify a cerebrospinal fluid leak and symptoms are atypical, an epidural blood patch (EBP) may be performed but not without risks. Our case shows how greater occipital nerve block (GONB) can expedite SIH diagnosis in a man with atypical presentation by reducing the sensory input from the posterior cranial fossa. The relief provided by GONB allowed to diagnose SIH promptly and the patient underwent a curative EBP.

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Developing Cereal-Based Demand for Fertilizer among Smallholders in Southern Africa: Lessons Learned and Implications for Other African Regions In much of Sub-Saharan Africa, demand for fertilizer was developed based on “cash-crop” systems, usually based on non-cereal export crops — cotton, tea, coffee, fruits, vegetables, and tobacco. In these systems, there is credit for fertilizer and profitable and stable outlets for the product for both smalland large-scale farmers. Non-cereal crops, however, occupy only a small share of land compared to cereals in most African countries, and are thus not motors for broad increases in fertilizer use to raise smallholder productivity and food security. Moreover, the Green Revolution in Asia was due in large part to intensification of cereal rather than export crops. To date, however, only a few countries (Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and more recently Ethiopia) have developed national programs to promote fertilizer use on smallholders’ cereal fields.

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The response of lung tissue and surfactant to nitrogen dioxide exposure. A control group of rats was exposed to filtered air and an experimental group to nitrogen dioxide levels of 15 ppm. Surface tension-area curves were recorded from fresh lung washings of excised lungs. Total phospholipid and lecithin concentrations were determined as an index of surfactant quantity, and an analysis of the surface tension-area curves was made by computer techniques. Total phospholipid and lecithin concentrations from the experimental animals were significantly higher, but the percentage contributed by lecithin was nearly identical for both groups. Nitrogen dioxide exposure at this level appears to alter the properties of surfactant demonstrated on surface tension balance, since higher trough concentrations of the experimental wash produced nearly normal surface tension-area loops. Changing surface tension properties of surfactant may be important in nitrogen dioxide-induced pulmonary injury.

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LêbrailleTWT: providing visual accessibility to twitter on touchscreen devices The increasing use of social networks via touch screen interfaces on smartphones and tablets has brought enormous benefits to the mobile applications usability. However, access to information via these devices represents a new challenge of interaction for users with visual impairments. In this context, this paper describes a study on the issue of visual accessibility in virtual social networks, specifically on Twitter. Moreover, we have developed a mobile application to access Twitter via touch screen smartphones using the Android platform. This application provides access to blind people with audio feedback and a writing tool based on Braille. The mobile application presents itself as a solution to facilitate the interaction of the visually impaired users in this social network. In this paper, we also describe a study of use of the application with a group of blind people.

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Physiological effects of gentian violet on broiler chickens. The effects of dietary gentian violet upon certain physiological parameters of broiler chickens were studied. Gentian violet exhibited no effect upon growth rates or feed conversion ratios at dietary levels of 16, 32, or 64 micrograms/g. In vitro intestinal absorption of methionine and glucose was also unaltered. Dietary gentian violet significantly increased hemoglobin concentration without an effect on packed cell volume. Furthermore, commercial gentian violet containing preparations, when incorporated into the diet, resulted in increased intestinal absorption of Fe59 but this increase was dependent upon type of inert carrier used. Dietary gentian violet alleviated some of the growth suppression caused by dietary aflatoxin; however, no effect was observed on plasma pigmentation. These data suggest that dietary gentian violet possesses effects other than those for which it has been traditionally employed.

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Grid-Connected Hybrid Wind-Solar Farm Hourly Dispatching with Battery and Supercapacitor Energy Storage The hybrid utilization of photovoltaic and wind turbine, known as the wind-solar hybrid power system (WSHPS), is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies for satisfying the power load demand, since they have complementary energy generation profiles and reduced capacity for energy storage. This paper demonstrates a successful dispatching scheme of the WSHPS for a one-hour dispatching period for an entire day using battery and supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS). Frequency management technique is utilized to increase the longevity of the batteries through comprehensively utilizing the high power density property of supercapacitors and the high energy density property of batteries in the HESS scheme. Several control algorithms based on the battery state of charge are developed to achieve accurate estimation of the grid reference power for each one-hour dispatching period that helps to minimize the energy storage cost, in addition to ensuring the energy storage system with sufficient capacity to be available for next-day operation. This study also presents an economic comparison to investigate the impact of using different kinds of energy storage systems for hourly dispatching the power of the WSHPS. The simulation results show that HESS outperforms battery-only or supercapacitor-only operation.

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Gothic Arches, Latin Crosses: Anti-Catholicism and American Church Designs in the Nineteenth Century . By Ryan K. Smith. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006. xiv + 225 pp. $55.00 cloth; $19.95 paper. ical content of Eddy's thought and of Christian Science, Gottschalk has consistently maintained in his writings that Eddy is a Christian thinker and that Christian Science is indeed Christian, but it is neither Catholic nor Protestant. In the concluding "Coda: The Prophetic Voice," Gottschalk characterizes Eddy as a religious thinker whose "sense of speaking in the prophetic voice remains a basic fact of her biography" (415). He is not shy about revealing that he finds Mary Baker Eddy's theological insights compelling. Nor is he reluctant in previous chapters to acknowledge some of her "frailties" and the complexity of her relationships. But, he is not out to make converts to Christian Science, or at least not from what I can tell. He is concerned to suggest how Eddy's antimaterialist stance has cogency for the broader culture, and he confesses a reluctance to leave her insights in the nineteenth century. He believes that she has something powerful to say to a world that he experiences as becoming ever more bleakly cynical about what lies ahead for the planet and for humankind. Gottschalk's study of Mary Baker Eddy is a provocative blend of intellectual history, theological analysis, cultural interpretation, and religious conviction. For multiple reasons, Eddy is a challenging person to interpret. Rolling Away the Stone is a major contribution to this effort, and I

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will miss Gottschalk's trustworthy perspectives in the future.

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Effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength and microleakage of one-bottle etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives: scanning electron and confocal laser microscopic analyses Purpose: To evaluate the effect of saliva contamination on shear bond strength, microleakage, and microstructure of the adhesive interface in two different adhesive systems by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). Materials and methods: Randomly, 228 third molars were allocated to six groups for an etch-and-rinse adhesive One-Step Plus (Bisco Inc.) and a self-etch adhesive G Bond (GC Corp.): Group 1 – manufacturer’s instructions were followed; Group 2 – involved contamination and drying before adhesive application; Group 3 – involved contamination, washing, and blot drying before adhesive application; Group 4 – involved contamination, etching, washing, and blot drying before adhesive application; Group 5 – involved contamination and drying after adhesive application, followed by adhesive reapplication; Group 6 – involved contamination and washing after adhesive application, followed by adhesive reapplication. Shear bond strength was tested after specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 24 h. Specimens were evaluated under a stereomicroscope for microleakage. Dentin–resin interfaces were evaluated by SEM and CLSM. Results: Group 2 for One-Step Plus and Group 3 for G Bond showed significantly lower bond strengths than control groups. Microleakage values were significantly greater at dentin than at enamel margins for all groups. In Group 2, for both adhesive systems, the highest microleakage was observed at dentin margins. Further, dentin–adhesive interfaces were not uniform and gaps were found by SEM and CLSM. Conclusions: The SEM

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and CLSM images demonstrated high variability of dentin–resin interfaces among saliva-contaminated groups. Rinsing the saliva and re-applying adhesive might be the best way to reduce the effect of saliva contamination on bond strength and microleakage.

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Some experimental parameters for the red-emission band of Egyptian muldan Thermoluminescence (TL) of the red-emission band obtained from natural muldan feldspar has shown two main peaks at around 160 and 270 °C, with thermal activation energies of 0.33 and 1.05 eV, respectively. The laboratory-induced TL peaks at 140 °C, 190 °C, 285 °C and 365 °C have thermal activation energies of 0.27, 0.45, 1.14 and 1.22 eV, respectively. The TL sensitivity of this band was enhanced to ∼10 times the original value when muldan was subject to pre-heating treatment at 1000 °C for 2 h. The TL fading effect was explained by tunneling recombination. The disordered aliquots showed no fading when post-irradiation annealed at 100 °C.

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Phase-space tomography for characterization of rotationally symmetric beams The experimental measurement of light field correlations is a difficult problem because, even in the monochromatic scalar case, the spatial coherence state of light is described by four-dimensional functions. Additional information about the field symmetry or coherence state allows reduction of the complexity of the problem. Here, we present a simplified coherence-agnostic phase-space tomography method for the experimental characterization of the widely used class of rotationally symmetric beams, which includes as a particular case partially coherent vortices. It is based on the reconstruction of the beam ambiguity function from the intensity distributions measured in the antisymmetric fractional Fourier transform domains. The experimental data can be acquired using an optical setup consisting of four cylindrical lenses and a digital camera located in fixed positions. The feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated.

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Tipping and the Dynamics of Segregation In a classic paper, Schelling (1971) showed that extreme segregation can arise from social interactions in white preferences: once the minority share in a neighborhood exceeds a critical "tipping point," all the whites leave. We use regression discontinuity methods and Census tract data from 1970 through 2000 to test for discontinuities in the dynamics of neighborhood racial composition. White population flows exhibit tipping-like behavior in most cities, with a distribution of tipping points ranging from 5% to 20% minority share. The estimated discontinuities are robust to controls for a wide variety of neighborhood characteristics, and are as strong in the suburbs as in tracts close to high-minority neighborhoods, ruling out the main alternative explanations for apparent tipping behavior. In contrast to white population flows, there is no systematic evidence that rents or housing prices exhibit non-linearities around the tipping point. Finally, we relate the location of the estimated tipping points in different cities to measures of the racial attitudes of whites, and find that cities with more tolerant whites have higher tipping points.

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Early-life adversity programs emotional functions and the neuroendocrine stress system: the contribution of nutrition, metabolic hormones and epigenetic mechanisms* Abstract Clinical and pre-clinical studies have shown that early-life adversities, such as abuse or neglect, can increase the vulnerability to develop psychopathologies and cognitive decline later in life. Remarkably, the lasting consequences of stress during this sensitive period on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and emotional function closely resemble the long-term effects of early malnutrition and suggest a possible common pathway mediating these effects. During early-life, brain development is affected by both exogenous factors, like nutrition and maternal care as well as by endogenous modulators including stress hormones. These elements, while mostly considered for their independent actions, clearly do not act alone but rather in a synergistic manner. In order to better understand how the programming by early-life stress takes place, it is important to gain further insight into the exact interplay of these key elements, the possible common pathways as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate their effects. We here review evidence that exposure to both early-life stress and early-life under-/malnutrition similarly lead to life-long alterations on the neuroendocrine stress system and modify emotional functions. We further discuss how the different key elements of the early-life environment interact and affect one another and next suggest a possible role for the early-life adversity induced alterations in metabolic hormones and nutrient availability in shaping later stress responses and emotional function throughout life, possibly via epigenetic mechanisms. Such knowledge will help to develop intervention strategies, which gives the advantage

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of viewing the synergistic action of a more complete set of changes induced by early-life adversity.

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Heterogeneity between core needle biopsy and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases in early breast cancer patients: Comparison of HER2, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression profiles during primary treatment regime. e12565 Background: Therapeutic decisions for the primary treatment of breast cancer is commonly based on the expression profiles of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors. However, breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease, and receptor changes were manifold reported during progression. Little is known about receptor discordance in the primary setting. Here, we compared receptor expression profiles between core needle biopsy (CNB) of the breast tumor tissue and synchronous axillary lymph node metastases (LNM) not at recurrence, but at the primary treatment. Methods: In a German single center study, we retrospectively analyzed 175 breast cancer patients with axillary synchronous LNM. 69,7% of our patients were without any upfront therapy. Profiles of ER, PR and HER2 were immunohistochemically analyzed using the common cut-off at 10% positive tumor cells vs. the controversially discussed low-positive cut-off at 1%. Receptor status was compared between CNB specimens of the primary tumor tissue and axillary LNM. Further, clinicopathological characteristics were correlated to receptor changes. Results: The discordance rates between CNB and axillary LNM were 12.7% for HER2, 6.9% for ER and 22.6% for PR using the ≥1% cut-off, respective 7.5% for ER and 25.6% for PR when using the ≥10% cut-off-level. The most frequently occurring change was a PR loss. Analysis of clinical parameters revealed a significant association of ER change between CNB and LNM in

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younger patients (p < 0.01) with increased proliferation marker Ki-67 (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Receptor discordance between CNB and synchronous axillary LNM appears to exist at the primary setting already. Hence, receptor profiles of the tumor tissue and the synchronous axillary LNM should be considered for treatment decision.

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Flexibility and constraint in the nucleosome core landscape of Caenorhabditis elegans chromatin. Nucleosome positions within the chromatin landscape are known to serve as a major determinant of DNA accessibility to transcription factors and other interacting components. To delineate nucleosomal patterns in a model genetic organism, Caenorhabditis elegans, we have carried out a genome-wide analysis in which DNA fragments corresponding to nucleosome cores were liberated using an enzyme (micrococcal nuclease) with a strong preference for cleavage in non-nucleosomal regions. Sequence analysis of 284,091 putative nucleosome cores obtained in this manner from a mixed-stage population of C. elegans reveals a combined picture of flexibility and constraint in nucleosome positioning. As has previously been observed in studies of individual loci in diverse biological systems, we observe areas in the genome where nucleosomes can adopt a wide variety of positions in a given region, areas with little or no nucleosome coverage, and areas where nucleosomes reproducibly adopt a specific positional pattern. In addition to illuminating numerous aspects of chromatin structure for C. elegans, this analysis provides a reference from which to begin an investigation of relationships between the nucleosomal pattern, chromosomal architecture, and lineage-based gene activity on a genome-wide scale.

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An error rate model of relay communications with lossy forwarding and joint decoding This paper presents a link quality model for a wireless communication system with distributed turbo coding and lossy forwarding. The model maps the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of packet copies received from different links to a mutual information parameter and, in a second stage, converts it to a block error rate. We present the design and foundation of the model and validate its accuracy for different modulation and coding schemes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. The model accurately predicts the link-level performance at a low computational complexity and can be therefore used as an physical layer (PHY) abstraction for the computationally-intensive, simulation-based performance evaluation of various functionalities at higher protocol layers or at the system level. In order to illustrate the usage of the proposed model, we show the integration of the model into a protocol level simulator assessing the performance improvements of lossy forwarding and joint decoding.

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A High Linearity Process Angle Interference Resistant Multi-phase Output Digital Control Oscillator with Negative Feedback In this paper, we have proposed a high linearity process angle interference resistant multi-phase output digital control oscillator with negative feedback. The proposed digital control oscillator uses negative feedback structure to improve the output frequency linearity and resist process angle interference, while this paper optimizes and designs the circuit for the digital control current source differential cross-coupling structure basic delay unit, negative feedback structure. The DCO mentioned has beenimplemented in standard 130nm CMOS. The DCO designed in this paper has 8-phase output with frequency tuning in the range of 0.2 GHz-2.5 GHz and gain in the range of 2.14 MHz/LSB-5.5 MHz/LSB, with good linearity. At 1.5 GHz, the process leads to a frequency jitter size of only 6.6%, which has the property of resistance to process corner interference. The cycle integration jitter is 2.79ps, and the power consumption is 1.65mW.

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Worker life tables, survivorship, and longevity in colonies of Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Survivorship curves and longevity of workers were studied in two queenright and two queenless colonies of Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus. Survivorship curves for workers of all colonies were, in general, convex, indicating an increasing mortality rate with increasing age. The mean longevity for the workers from queenright colonies, 24.3 days and 17.6 days, was not significantly different from that in queenless colonies, 21.2 days and 20.2 days. In all colonies workers started foraging activities when aged 0-5 days, and the potential forager rates rose progressively with increasing age. Mortality rates within each age interval were significantly correlated with the foraging worker rates in all colonies. Only in two of the colonies (one queenright and one queenless) longevity was significantly correlated with worker size. The duration of brood development period seems to be one of the most important factors influencing adult worker longevity in bumble bee species.

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Two highly accurate methods for pitch calibration Among profiles, helix and tooth thickness pitch is one of the most important parameters of an involute gear measurement evaluation. In principle, coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and CNC-controlled gear measuring machines as a variant of a CMM are suited for these kinds of gear measurements. Now the Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NMIJ/AIST) and the German national metrology institute the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) have each developed independently highly accurate pitch calibration methods applicable to CMM or gear measuring machines. Both calibration methods are based on the so-called closure technique which allows the separation of the systematic errors of the measurement device and the errors of the gear. For the verification of both calibration methods, NMIJ/AIST and PTB performed measurements on a specially designed pitch artifact. The comparison of the results shows that both methods can be used for highly accurate calibrations of pitch standards.

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Does manual therapy provide additional benefit to breathing retraining in the management of dysfunctional breathing? A randomised controlled trial Abstract Purpose: Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is associated with an abnormal breathing pattern, unexplained breathlessness and significant patient morbidity. Treatment involves breathing retraining through respiratory physiotherapy. Recently, manual therapy (MT) has also been used, but no evidence exists to validate its use. This study sought to investigate whether MT produces additional benefit when compared with breathing retraining alone in patients with DB. Methods: Sixty subjects with primary DB were randomised into either breathing retraining (standard treatment; n = 30) or breathing retraining plus MT (intervention; n = 30) group. Both the groups received standardised respiratory physiotherapy, which included: DB education, breathing retraining, home regimen, and audio disc. Intervention group subjects additionally received MT following further assessment. Data from 57 subjects were analysed. Results: At baseline, standard treatment group subjects were statistically younger (41.7 + 13.5 versus 50.8 + 13.0 years; p = 0.001) with higher Nijmegen scores (38.6 + 9.5 versus 31.5 + 6.9; p = 0.001). However, no significant difference was found between the groups for primary outcome Nijmegen score (95% CI (−1.1, 6.6) p = 0.162), or any secondary outcomes (Hospital Anxiety & Depression Score, spirometry or exercise tolerance). Conclusion: Breathing retraining is currently the mainstay of treatment for patients with DB. The results of this study suggest MT provides no additional benefit in this patient group. Implications for Rehabilitation Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is associated with significant patient morbidity but often goes unrecognised, leading to prolonged

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investigation and significant use of health care resources. Breathing retraining remains the primary management of this condition. However, physiotherapists are also using manual therapy (MT) as an adjunctive treatment for patients with DB. However, the results of this study suggest that MT provides no further benefit and cannot be recommended in the clinical management of this condition.

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Periodontal and prosthetic biologic considerations to restore biological width in posterior teeth. The biologic width is an essential dental space that always needs to be maintained to ensure periodontal health in any dental prosthetic restorations. An iatrogenic partial fixed prosthesis constructed in lower posterior teeth predisposed the development of subgingival caries, which induced violation of the biologic width in involved teeth, resulting in an uncontrolled inflammatory process and periodontal tissue destruction. This clinical report describes a periodontal surgical technique to recover a violated biologic width in lower posterior teeth, by crown lengthening procedure associated with free gingival graft procedure, to ensure the possibility to place a modified partial fixed prosthesis in treated area. The procedure applied to recover the biologic width was crown lengthening with some modifications, associated with modified partial fixed prosthesis to achieve health in treated area. The modified techniques in both surgical and prosthetic procedures were applied to compensate the contraindications to recover biologic width by osteotomy in lower posterior teeth. The result, after 4 years under periodic control, seems to achieve the projected goal. Treating a dental diseased area is necessary to diagnose, eliminate, or control all etiologic factors involved in the process. When the traditional methods are not effective to recover destructed tissues, an alternative, compensatory, and adaptive procedure may be applied to restore the sequelae of the disease, applying a restorative method that respects the biology of involved tissues.

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WORKED EXAMPLE OF EVOLUTION THROUGH INFLATION I present a specific worked example of evolution through inflation to the initial conditions for an isocurvature CDM model for structure formation. The model invokes three scalar fields, one that drives power law inflation, one that survives to become the present-day CDM, and one that gives the CDM field a mass that slowly decreases during inflation and so “tilts” the primeval mass fluctuation spectrum of the CDM. The functional forms for the potentials and the parameter values that lead to an observationally acceptable model for structure formation do not seem to be out of line with current ideas about the physics of the very early universe. I argue in an accompanying paper that the model offers an acceptable fit to main observational constraints. Subject headings: cosmology: theory — cosmology: large-scale structure of universe — galaxies: formation

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Significant Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care in Hospitals Affecting the First Pillar of the HIV Care Continuum During COVID-19 lockdown, the in-hospital number of HIV indicator conditions decreased disproportionally compared with other non–COVID-19 diseases, which was accompanied by reduced HIV testing rates, number and proportion of positive HIV tests, and new HIV referrals, with more late presentation after lockdown cessation, indicating a significantly impacted HIV care continuum.

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Experience of pharmacy involvement in a disaster simulation exercise within a pediatric hospital emergency department: A pilot project. DISCLAIMER AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE In this descriptive report, we describe a unique trial of pharmacist participation in a multidisciplinary pediatric emergency department disaster simulation exercise. With the number of disasters increasing worldwide, the role of pharmacists in disaster response is of particular interest to the profession. SUMMARY This observational study describes pharmacist participation in a disaster simulation exercise. An evaluation tool was developed to assess participants' performance in the following domains: communication, pharmacotherapy, problem solving/decision making, and teamwork/organization. The observers used a rating scale of "concise/prompt," "needs improvement," or "not done" to evaluate performance on each objective. The participants' self-perceived knowledge of disaster response was assessed with pre- and postsimulation surveys using Likert scales. Five simulation exercises were held from June to October 2019, with 2 pharmacists participating in each simulation. Within the problem solving/decision making and communication domains, pharmacists were concise/prompt 66% of the time, while they were concise/prompt for 88.8% and 92.5% of tasks in the teamwork/organization and pharmacotherapy domains, respectively. Surveys of self-perceived knowledge revealed that while only 10% of pharmacists felt "moderately prepared" prior to the simulation exercise,

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80% of pharmacists felt moderately prepared to care for patients during a disaster event after the simulation exercise. CONCLUSION This report describes a unique approach of including emergency department-trained pharmacists in disaster simulation exercises to enhance their professional development, improve team dynamics in a mass casualty scenario, and increase their own reported level of preparedness to effectively manage a surge in critically ill pediatric patients.

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Learn to Predict Vertical Track Irregularity with Extremely Imbalanced Data Railway systems require regular manual maintenance, a large part of which is dedicated to inspecting track deformation. Such deformation might severely impact trains’ runtime security, whereas such inspections remain costly for both finance and human resources. Therefore, a more precise and efficient approach to detect railway track deformation is in urgent need. In this paper, we showcase an application framework for predicting vertical track irregularity, based on a real-world, large-scale dataset produced by several operating railways in China. We have conducted extensive experiments on various machine learning & ensemble learning algorithms in an effort to maximize the model’s capability in capturing any irregularity. We also proposed a novel approach for handling imbalanced data in multivariate time series prediction tasks with adaptive data sampling and penalized loss. Such an approach has proven to reduce models’ sensitivity to the imbalanced target domain, thus improving its performance in predicting rare extreme values.

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A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates. 1. A new method has been developed for measuring the total antioxidant capacity of body fluids and drug solutions, based on the absorbance of the ABTS.+ radical cation. 2. An automated method for use on a centrifugal analyser, as well as a manual method, is described. 3. The procedure has been applied to physiological antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging drugs, and an antioxidant ranking was established based on their reactivity relative to a 1.0 mmol/l Trolox standard. 4. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of plasma from an adult reference population has been measured, and the method optimized and validated. 5. The method has been applied to investigate the total plasma antioxidant capacity of neonates and how this may be compromised in prematurity.

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TRANSFORMATION OF THE RUSSIAN TAX SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY The controversial issues of a new approach to solving the problem of transformation of the tax system of the Russian Federation in the context of establishment of the digital economy have been considered. The problems of converting the tax system of the Russian Federation in digital reality and search for approaches to their solution have been identified. The methods of systematic approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as abstraction and generalization have been used. Due to the use of modern business models, carrying- out business activities without registration and the actual presence in the country, tax risks of tax evasion are increasing. The conclusions have been made about the need to identify new emerging economic relations and their legal consolidation, development and implementation of effective tax policy, and on its basis the transformation of the tax system.

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XXVI. Medical ethics and the architecture of clinical research Before World War II, most of the activities called medical research were performed in laboratories, upon materials that were animals, inanimate objects, or substances derived from living people. During the past few decades, the scope and volume of clinical investigation have enlarged so that intact living people have been increasingly involved as the “material” of the research. The use of living people as the investigated subjects has heightened interest in medical ethics and expanded it to include specific attention to issues in medical research. The attention was particularly spurred in the past few years after Beecher3 in the United States and Pappworth25 in the United Kingdom presented prominent indictments of various “unethical” activities in clinical investigation. These indictments helped arouse concern and stimulate the various new standards, committees, and legislation that have subsequently been proposed as prophylaxis for undesirable ethical phenomena.

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Effect of processing conditions on shrinkage and warpage and morphology of injection moulded parts using microcellular injection moulding Abstract This research investigated the effects of processing conditions on the shrinkage and warpage (SW) behaviour of a box shaped, polypropylene part using conventional and microcellular injection moulding. Two sets of 26–1 fractional factorial design of experiments (DOE) were employed to perform the experiments and proper statistical theory was used to analyse the data. After the injection moulding process reached a steady state, moulded samples were collected and measured using an optical coordinate measuring machine (OCMM), which had been evaluated using a proper repeatability and reproducibility (RR) measurement study. By analysing the statistically significant main and two factor interactions, the results show that the supercritical fluid (SCF) content (nitrogen in this case, in terms of SCF dosage time) and the injection speed affect the SW of microcellular injection moulded parts most significantly, whereas hold pressure and hold time have the most significant effect on the SW of conventional injection moulded parts. Investigation of the cell morphology indicated that fine and dense cells are not critical for achieving excellent results regarding SW. Also, the present study quantitatively showed that, within the processing range studied, a reduction in the SW could be achieved using the microcellular injection moulding process.

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Vision Measurement for Levitation Gap of Magnetic Levitation Ball Based on Transfer Learning In recent years, with the rapid development of deep learning, convolutional neural network has been widely used in pattern recognition, target classification and other fields. This paper takes maglev system as the research object and proposes a new method for levitation clearance measurement, aiming at the phenomenon of under-fitting in the trained convolutional neural network when the training data is relatively small. This paper introduces the principle of migration learning, using the VGG16 network trained in the ImageNet competition which retains the weight and network architecture of the convolution part of VGG16 and reconstructing the fully connected network part by conducting training with the training set. The experimental results show that the suspension gap measurement achieved by transfer learning has high measuring precision and good measuring effect. In the training set, the maximum error of VGG16 network using transfer learning was 0.198mm and the average error was 0.066mm.In the test set, the maximum error was 0.198mm and the average error was 0.073mm.On the full data, the maximum clearance error is 0.198mm, and the average clearance error is 0.069mm.

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Fiber Bragg Grating-based monitoring and alert system for care of residents in nursing homes This paper presents a novel Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based monitoring and alert system for care of residents in nursing homes. Using FBG to design Internet of Things (IoT) sensor devices, a tele-monitoring system was developed to monitor vital signs such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, temperature, movement and bed exit of residents on beds. It is able to measure pulse rate and respiratory rate accurately with mean error below 1 beat per minute, detect sudden onset of high fever and unexpected bed exit during the nights which is crucial to maintain a high quality of care for residents. In cases where any of the patients' health condition deteriorates or abnormal behavior is detected, medical staffs will be notified immediately by the system which provides real time alert on each resident's condition through mobile devices such as mobile phones or tablets. The system also allows residents to alert the medical staffs their need for help through uniquely designed call buttons.

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[Animal experiments of neuroma treatment with histoacryl]. A neuroma arises due to uncoordinated growth of axis cylinders in proliferated granulation tissue. An intact perineurial tube prevents further growth of the funiculi. Animal experiments were designed to close the perineurial tube such that it was impervious to water. Earlier experiments with purse string suture of the perineurial tube or closure with Histoacryl were not always successful. After severance of the sciatic nerve of the rat and shortening of the axons, the epineurial tube was plugged with Histoacryl blue and closed so that it was impervious to water. The preparations were checked optically and histologically. The results were promising, so that this technique was applied clinically.

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Section 9: Optional Samples After the first and main phase of FIRI, which focused on routinely measured materials, an optional series of samples were also made available to participating laboratories. This second list included archaeological samples, mammoth tusks, and modern cellulose. Not all samples were available in sufficient quantity for radiometric measurement (in particular, the mammoth tusks). The samples are briefly described in Table 9.1 below.

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Challenges and Opportunities for Data Science and Machine Learning in IoT Systems – A Timely Debate: Part 1 This position paper summarizes the main visions, opinions, and arguments of four experienced and well known researchers in the area of Internet of Things (IoT) and its relation to Data Science and Machine Learning (ML) as IoT permeates the globe and becomes “very large”. These visions were raised in an enthusiastic discussion panel held during the Third International Workshop on Very Large Internet of Things Systems (VLIoT 2019), in conjunction with VLDB 2019, in Los Angeles, USA. Each panelist delivered a vision statement before the floor was opened for questions and comments from the audience. Instead of reproducing ipsis literis each of the speeches, questions and replies, we decided to structure a two-part paper summarizing in-depth the panel opinions and discussions. In this first installment, we present the panelists' opening statements and views on issues related to IoT infrastructure and how it can support the growing demands for integrated intelligence, including communication, coordination and distribution challenges and how such challenges can be faced in the new generation of IoT systems.

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CODE OF ETHICS Chemotherapy with MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone) was started. This was initially successful, but new exacerbations of the disease occurred, with mainly abdominal manifestations, and the patient succumbed on May 21, 1973, ten months after the diagnosis was made. An autopsy confirmed the initial diagnosis. The pericardium, however, was smooth and shining, and there was no increase in pericardial fluid. The heart was of normal size, no infiltration or other changes were noted in the myocardium or endocardium and the coronary arteries were patent with minimal atheromatous changes. No tumour infiltration was found in the lungs or pleurae, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were not enlarged.

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On the Permeation by Dioxygen of the Cofactor‐Independent Unusual Oxygenase RhCC, in Complex with Substrate 4‐Hydroxyphenylenolpyruvate. A Molecular Dynamics Investigation This work deals with a trimeric bacterial protein, RhCC, which, although belonging to the tautomerase superfamily, shows oxygenase activity. A model of the complex from RhCC and substrate 4‐hydroxyphenylenolpyruvate (4HPP), fitting the observation of extra electron densities from X‐ray diffraction of the crystal, could be built by autodocking. When subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) aided by an external random force applied to a O2 molecule placed above 4HPP, this model evolved with O2 egressing toward the bulk solvent from two nearly opposite gates. These were located between the nearly parallel helices 75 – 91 and 15 – 33 of either chain C (gate SE) or chain B (gate FL). Alternatively, with four O2 molecules in the bulk solvent, unbiased MD led to O2 entering the protein from gate SE and getting to 4HPP, while forming a stabilizing salt bridge between the 4HPP carboxylate and P1.C +NH2, thus providing scientific ground for a refined model of the complex.

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Jacob S. Dorman Chosen People: The Rise of American Black Israelite Religions Jacob Dorman’s work on Black Israelite religion contributes to a new set of recent books on richer notions of culture and specifically on the complex ways that African diasporic religious traditions have developed and changed over time and space. The term “Black Israelite” refers to African Americans who held the belief that the ancient Israelite people were black, though Dorman adds that his definition does not denote the color of the skin of those who hold the belief but is more about how they ascribe a certain racial identity to the ancient Israelites. This belief system also entails the claim that black people in the United States are descendants of the ancient (biblical) Israelites. These people have also been believers in the message and messianism of Jesus Christ. Dorman notes that these “faiths are better thought of as ever-evolving, kinetic polycultural assemblages than as reified ‘isms’” (4). The term “polycultural” carries a lot of weight in this work and requires some examination. It is here where Dorman makes his principal theoretical contribution to the study of African American religions. Taking on the groundbreaking studies of anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits, whose work on framing African cultural “retentions” in diasporic African traditions has exerted such a profound influence on debates in African American religious studies, Dorman rejects the concept of “syncretism,” which he regards as an essentialist model of culture that is reductive and lacks individual agency. He notes that Herskovits and others have posited an

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idea of culture that is wedded to a “set of rigid, predictable patterns” (16). Dorman critiques the various notions of cultural formation and reassemblage that are attached to this understanding of culture: survivals, Africanisms, and retentions. He astutely notes that Herskovits tended to think of cultural practices in concrete, materialistic terms as tangible in someways as physiological traits (in part because of Herskovits’s prior work in physical anthropology and his use of metaphors

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The psychopharmacology of the human pineal In many ways the pineal is an ideal endocrine gland for the biological psychiatrist. The gland is small, circumscribed and relatively homogeneous, so it can be studied either in tissue culture or in vivo. The results from such studies combine to give a well-characterized model for investigating noradrenergic neurotransmission. In the pineal as in the brain there is a noradrenaline uptake site, an autoreceptor which regulates noradrenaline release, and there are post-junctional β1 and α1-adrenoceptors. In the pineal as in the brain the β1 adrenoceptor is linked to adenylate cyclase and the α 1-adrenoceptor is coupled with phos phatidyl inositol (PI) turnover: both second messenger systems combine to influence mela tonin secretion.

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Analysis and prediction of hydrogen bonding in protein‐DNA complexes using parallel processors A number of essential biological functions are controlled by proteins that bind to specific sequences in genomic DNA. In this article we present a simplified model for analyzing DNA‐protein interactions mediated exclusively by hydrogen bonds. Based on this model, an optimized algorithm for geometric pattern recognition was developed. The large number of local energy minima are efficiently screened by using a geometric approach to pattern matching based on a square‐well potential. The second part of the algorithm represents a closed form solution for minimization based on a quadratic potential. A Monte Carlo method applied to a modified Lennard‐Jones potential is used as a third step to rank DNA sequences in terms of pattern matching. Using protein structures derived from four DNA‐protein complexes with three‐dimensional coordinates established by X‐ray diffraction analysis, all possible DNA sequences to which these proteins could bind were ranked in terms of binding energies. The algorithm predicts the correct DNA sequence when at least two hydrogen bonds per base pair are involved in binding to the protein, providing a partial solution to the three‐dimensional docking problem. This study lays a framework for future refinements of the algorithm in which the number of assumptions made in the present analysis are reduced. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Anterior segment anomalies of the eye, growth retardation associated with hypoplastic pituitary gland and endocrine abnormalities: Jung syndrome or a new syndrome? We report on two children from an inbred Arab family with anterior segment anomalies of the eyes, growth retardation, associated with small pituitary gland, and endocrine abnormalities. The features in the sibs in this report are similar to those described in Peters‐plus syndrome. However, small pituitary gland associated with growth hormone deficiency has not been reported in Peters‐plus syndrome. In addition, sequencing of the B3GALTL gene, the gene implicated in Peters‐plus syndrome did not reveal any mutation in the sibs reported here. The association of anterior segment anomalies of the eye, growth retardation, and endocrine problems has previously been described by Jung et al. in 1995. We suggest that the features in the children in this report could represent variable manifestation of this syndrome or previously not described syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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[Drug dependence and lack of psychological well-being: observational study]. AIM The purposes of this study are: (1) to evaluate symptomatology and psychological well-being, according to Ryff's theoretical model, of two groups of drug dependent patients in residential structures compared with a control; (2) to explore the impact of dual diagnosis, pharmacological therapy, duration of stay in structures and previous therapeutic experience as indicators on symptomatology and psychological well-being. METHODS The sample is formed by 61 drug-dependent patients and 65 controls. Each subject completed two self-administered scales: Kellner's Symptom Questionnaire-SQ and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales-PWB. Differences in PWB and SQ mean scores between clinical and control subjects and within clinical group, for each specific variable, were analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS Clinical group had significantly lower levels of all six PWB dimensions and SQ scores compared to the controls. Dual diagnosis did not produce any significant effect on PWB and SQ general scores, except for the PWB dimension of positive social relations. Pharmacological therapy had a slightly significant effect only on PWB. No significant effects were found in terms of symptomatology and general well-being depending on duration of stay, except for purpose in life. Previous experience caused a significant result for psychological well-being, while no general effect on symptomatology was found. DISCUSSION We found that drug dependence is associated with high degree of symptomatology and the lack of positive psychological functioning in specific areas. Improving positive psychological functioning of this population could be a good way to intervene on specific problems which could interfere with treatment

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continuity.

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