Datasets:

voidful

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MuSiQue

like 4

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pakistan Super League", "paragraph_text": "Pakistan Super League (Urdu: پاکستان سپر لیگ ‬ ‎; PSL) is a Twenty20 cricket league, founded in Lahore on 9 September 2015 with five teams and now comprises six teams. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, the league is a single entity in which each franchise is owned and controlled by investors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Serena Wilson", "paragraph_text": "Serena Wilson (August 8, 1933 – June 17, 2007), often known just as \"Serena\", was a well-known dancer, choreographer, and teacher who helped popularize belly dance in the United States. Serena's work also helped legitimize the dance form and helped it to be perceived as more than burlesque or stripping. Serena danced in clubs in her younger years, opened her own studio, hosted her own television show, founded her own dance troupe, and was the author of several books about belly dance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Longman", "paragraph_text": "Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Bankhaus Lampe", "paragraph_text": "Bankhaus Lampe is a private bank in Germany, founded in 1852 and headquartered in Bielefeld. It is wholly owned by the Oetker Group. The bank owns 50% of Universal Investment.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Publix", "paragraph_text": "Publix Super Markets, Inc., commonly known as Publix, is an employee - owned, American supermarket chain headquartered in Lakeland, Florida. Founded in 1930 by George W. Jenkins, Publix is a private corporation that is wholly owned by present and past employees. It is considered the largest employee - owned company in the world. Publix operates throughout the Southeastern United States, with locations in Florida (785), Georgia (186), Alabama (68), South Carolina (58), Tennessee (42), North Carolina (35), and Virginia (8).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "The Collegian (Houston Baptist University)", "paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the bi-weekly official student publication of Houston Baptist University in Houston, Texas. It was founded in 1963 as a newsletter, and adopted the newspaper format in 1990.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The Collegian (Hillsdale College)", "paragraph_text": "The Collegian is the oldest college newspaper in Michigan. The paper's history traces back to 1878, when the Hillsdale Herald was first published. The administration started The Collegian in 1893 as a rival paper to the Herald.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "List of Old Scotch Collegians", "paragraph_text": "This is a list of Old Scotch Collegians, who are notable former students of Scotch College in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Renaissance Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Renaissance Broadcasting, founded in 1982 by Michael Finkelstein, was a company that owned several UHF television stations, it was sold to Tribune Broadcasting in 1997. The company was headquartered in Greenwich, Connecticut.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Houston", "paragraph_text": "Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes, such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. Houston Baptist University, affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas, offers bachelor's and graduate degrees. It was founded in 1960 and is located in the Sharpstown area in Southwest Houston.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "France-Guyane", "paragraph_text": "France-Guyane is a daily, French-language newspaper headquartered in Cayenne, French Guiana. Founded in 1973, the newspaper is owned by \"French-Antilles\", which is controlled by the Groupe Hersant Média group.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Bayou City Broadcasting", "paragraph_text": "Bayou City Broadcasting, LLC is a broadcasting company founded in December 2007 and owned by DuJuan McCoy. The company is based in The Woodlands, Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna", "paragraph_text": "GKS Górnik 1979 Łęczna was a short-lived fan-owned phoenix club founded in 2011 by Górnik Łęczna fans who were unhappy with the name change to GKS Bogdanka. The club eventually changed its name back in 2013 but the fan owned counterpart has continued to operate in amateur football leagues until 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Broadway Federal Bank", "paragraph_text": "The Broadway Federal Bank is a community bank founded in 1946 and based in Los Angeles. As of 2011, it owned and operated three traditional branches and one loan production office.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Gubernija", "paragraph_text": "Gubernija is a brewery in Lithuania. It is one of the oldest businesses in the world, having been founded in 1665. Gubernija is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius stock exchange. Unlike other Lithuanian breweries, Gubernija has its own pubs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Nordic Paper", "paragraph_text": "Nordic Paper AS is a Norwegian industrial company, operating in Norway and Sweden. It was founded in 2001 when \"Peterson Scanproof\", a branch of M. Peterson & Søn which consisted of production units in Greåker (formerly owned by Greaker Industrier) and Säffle, was merged with a paper factory in Geithus, owned by Norske Skog Union.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Logica", "paragraph_text": "Logica was a multinational IT and management consultancy company headquartered in Reading, United Kingdom. Founded in 1969, the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of CGI Group in 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Skipton Business Finance", "paragraph_text": "Skipton Business Finance is a UK factoring and Invoice discounting company, founded and based in Skipton, North Yorkshire. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Skipton Building Society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Brett Kearney", "paragraph_text": "Brett Kearney (born 29 September 1983 in Sydney, New South Wales), also known by the nickname of \"BK\", is an Australian professional rugby league footballer formerly with the Bradford Bulls in the Super League, now currently playing for the Collegians in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. A utility back, he has represented Country Origin and previously played for the South Sydney Rabbitohs and Cronulla.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway", "paragraph_text": "The Grand Duchy of Baden was an independent state in what is now southwestern Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871. It had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (\"Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E.\"), which was founded in 1840. At the time when it was integrated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, its network had an overall length of about .", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 482757, "question": "The Collegian >> owned by", "answer": "Houston Baptist University", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 12019, "question": "When was #1 founded?", "answer": "1960", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Spy in Black", "paragraph_text": "\"The Spy in Black\" was filmed at Denham Studios, with location shooting at Northchurch Common in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and in Orkney, Scotland. The film wrapped production on 24 December 1938 and was released in the U.K. on 12 August 1939 – 22 days before the country again went to war with Germany. Its American premiere was held in New York City on 5 October of that year, and it went into general release two days later.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Thomas Fanshawe, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Fanshawe, 2nd Viscount Fanshawe (1632–1674) of Ware Park, Hertfordshire was an Irish peer and Member of Parliament. He was born to Thomas Fanshawe, 1st Viscount Fanshawe by his second wife Elizabeth Cockayne, the daughter of Sir William Cockayne, who served as the Lord Mayor of London in 1619.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Birth control movement in the United States", "paragraph_text": "Birth control practices were generally adopted earlier in Europe than in the United States. Knowlton's book was reprinted in 1877 in England by Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, with the goal of challenging Britain's obscenity laws. They were arrested (and later acquitted) but the publicity of their trial contributed to the formation, in 1877, of the Malthusian League -- the world's first birth control advocacy group -- which sought to limit population growth to avoid Thomas Malthus's dire predictions of exponential population growth leading to worldwide poverty and famine. By 1930, similar societies had been established in nearly all European countries, and birth control began to find acceptance in most Western European countries, except Catholic Ireland, Spain, and France. As the birth control societies spread across Europe, so did birth control clinics. The first birth control clinic in the world was established in the Netherlands in 1882, run by the Netherlands' first female physician, Aletta Jacobs. The first birth control clinic in England was established in 1921 by Marie Stopes, in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Wareside", "paragraph_text": "Wareside is a small village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire District, in the county of Hertfordshire. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census is 735. It is approximately 3 miles away from the town of Ware (from where it probably took its name) and the larger town of Hertford, the county town of Hertfordshire. Nearby villages include Widford, Hunsdon, Babbs Green and Bakers End. Nearby hamlets include Cold Christmas and Helham Green. The B1004 linking Ware to Bishop's Stortford goes through the village and the main A10 road can be picked up at Thundridge. Fanhams Hall Road also links Wareside back to Ware. Ware railway station on the Hertford East Branch Line is located two and a half miles away.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "M. Visvesvaraya", "paragraph_text": "Mokshagundam Viswesvarayya was born on 15 September 1861 in Muddenahalli village (now located in Chikkaballapura District, but part of Kolar district at the time of his birth) in the princely state of Mysore (now Karnataka), India. His father, Mokshagundam Srinivasa Sastry, was a school teacher and a noted Sanskrit scholar, while his mother, Venkatalakshamma, was a homemaker. His parents were from Mokshagundam, a village of Prakasam district in Andhra Pradesh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dilley sextuplets", "paragraph_text": "The Dilley sextuplets (born May 25, 1993) are the United States' first set of surviving sextuplets, born to Becki and Keith Dilley in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. They are, in birth order;", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Hertfordshire", "paragraph_text": "Hertfordshire is the county immediately north of London and is part of the East of England region, a mainly statistical unit. A significant minority of the population across all districts are City of London commuters. To the east is Essex, to the west is Buckinghamshire and to the north are Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Margaret Sanger", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Higgins Sanger (born Margaret Louise Higgins, September 14, 1879 -- September 6, 1966, also known as Margaret Sanger Slee) was an American birth control activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse. Sanger popularized the term ``birth control '', opened the first birth control clinic in the United States, and established organizations that evolved into the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Harry Potter (film series)", "paragraph_text": "Filming of the series began at Leavesden Studios, Hertfordshire, England, in September 2000 and ended in December 2010, with post-production on the final film lasting until summer 2011. Leavesden Studios was the main base for filming Harry Potter, and it opened to the public as a studio tour in 2012 (renamed as Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Edgar Anstey", "paragraph_text": "Edgar Anstey (16 February 1907 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 26 September 1987 in London, England), was a leading British documentary film-maker.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "East of England", "paragraph_text": "The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Thomas Plumer Halsey", "paragraph_text": "Thomas Plumer Halsey MP (26 January 1815 – 24 April 1854) was a Member of Parliament for Hertfordshire from 1846 to 1854.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Watford Rural", "paragraph_text": "Watford Rural is a civil parish in the Three Rivers District of Hertfordshire, England. Located approximately northwest of central London and adjacent to the Greater London boundary, it is an urbanised parish characterised by suburban residential development. The local council is Watford Rural Parish Council. The parish covers South Oxhey and Carpenders Park, which although part of the Watford urban area, are outside the borough of Watford. The parish was created in 1894 when the ancient Watford parish was split into urban and rural parishes. At the 2001 census it had a population of 20,250.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Ralph Trustees Limited", "paragraph_text": "Ralph Trustees Limited is a family run private hotel group based in England with a portfolio of four hotels operating in the four and five star sector. Their hotels include The Grove (Hertfordshire), The Athenaeum (London), The Runnymede (Surrey) and 23 Greengarden House (London).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Cyril Dumpleton", "paragraph_text": "Cyril Walter Dumpleton (25 June 1897 – 1 October 1966) was a British Labour Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the St Albans division of Hertfordshire from 1945 to 1950.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Bengeo Rural", "paragraph_text": "Bengeo Rural is a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 601, increasing at the 2011 Census to 644. The parish includes the villages of Tonwell and Chapmore End.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Demographics of the European Union", "paragraph_text": "The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 82.8 million people, and the least populous member state is Malta with 0.4 million. Birth rates in the EU are low with the average woman having 1.6 children. The highest birth - rates are found in Ireland with 16.876 births per thousand people per year and France with 13.013 births per thousand people per year. Germany has the lowest birth rate in Europe with 8.221 births per thousand people per year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Barkway", "paragraph_text": "Barkway is a long-established village and civil parish in the North Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England, about five miles south-east of Royston, 35 miles from London and 15 miles from the centre of Cambridge. The Prime Meridian passes a mile or so to the west of Barkway.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Untitled (The Birth)", "paragraph_text": "Untitled (The Birth) is a 1938 tempera painting by American artist Jacob Lawrence, located in the Indianapolis Museum of Art, which is in Indianapolis, Indiana. Depicting a scene of childbirth in flat, geometric forms and bright colors, it is very much a product of the Harlem Renaissance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wyddial", "paragraph_text": "Wyddial is a village and civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of Hertfordshire, England. It is located around a mile and a half north-east of Buntingford (OS grid reference ), and lies due north of Greenwich on the Prime Meridian.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 129292, "question": "In which state is Hertfordshire located?", "answer": "East of England", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 160863, "question": "When was #1 birthed?", "answer": "1994", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment", "paragraph_text": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment (formerly known as PolyGram Films and PolyGram Pictures or simply PFE) was a British-American film studio founded in 1980 which became a European competitor to Hollywood, but was eventually sold to Seagram Company Ltd. in 1998 and was folded in 1999. Among its most successful and well known films were \"An American Werewolf in London\" (1981), \"Flashdance\" (1983), \"Four Weddings and a Funeral\" (1994), \"Dead Man Walking\" (1995), \"The Big Lebowski\" (1998), \"Fargo\" (1996), \"The Usual Suspects\" (1995), and \"Notting Hill\" (1999).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Fortnite", "paragraph_text": "Fortnite is a co-op sandbox survival game developed by Epic Games and People Can Fly and published by Epic Games. The game was released as a paid - for early access title for Microsoft Windows, macOS, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on July 25, 2017, with a full free - to - play release expected in 2018. The retail versions of the game were published by Gearbox Publishing, while online distribution of the PC versions is handled by Epic's launcher.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "6 Nimmt!", "paragraph_text": "6 Nimmt! / Take 6! is a card game for 2-10 players designed by Wolfgang Kramer in 1994 and published by Amigo Spiele. The French version is distributed by Gigamic. This game received the \"Deutscher Spiele Preis\" award in 1994.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "The Price Is Right", "paragraph_text": "Endless Games, which in the past has produced board games based on several other game shows, including The Newlywed Game and Million Dollar Password, distributes home versions of The Price Is Right, featuring the voice of Rich Fields, including a DVD edition and a Quick Picks travel - size edition. Ubisoft also released a video game version of the show for the PC, Nintendo DS, and Wii console on September 9, 2008. An updated version of the game (The Price Is Right: 2010 Edition) was released on September 22, 2009. Both versions feature the voice of Rich Fields, who was the show's announcer at the time of the release of the video games in question.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hinterland (video game)", "paragraph_text": "Hinterland is a high fantasy role-playing video game with city-building elements by Tilted Mill Entertainment. It was released on September 30, 2008 on the Steam content delivery system, and has since been made available at other digital distribution websites. Hinterland: Orc Lords, a cumulative expansion, was released to digital distribution and retail in March 2009. As the title suggests, the primary addition to the game was the ability to play as Orc characters.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "2018 Asian Games medal table", "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Asian Games, officially known as the XVIII Asiad, is the largest sporting event in Asia governed by Olympic Council of Asia (OCA). It was held at Jakarta and Palembang, Indonesia between 18 August -- 2 September 2018, with 465 events in 40 sports and disciplines featured in the Games. This resulted in 465 medal sets being distributed.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nemrem", "paragraph_text": "Nemrem, known as Zengage in North America and Somnium in Japan, is a puzzle video game developed by Skip Ltd. and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DSi's DSiWare digital distribution service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Day of Defeat: Source", "paragraph_text": "Day of Defeat: Source is a team-based online first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Valve Corporation. Set in World War II, the game is a remake of \"Day of Defeat\". It was updated from the GoldSrc engine used by its predecessor to the Source engine, and a remake of the game models. The game was released for Microsoft Windows on September 26, 2005, distributed through Valve's online content delivery service Steam. Retail distribution of the game was handled by Electronic Arts.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": "The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8 - bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986 and 1987, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. The best - selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now - standard business model of licensing third - party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nintendo", "paragraph_text": "Nintendo's first venture into the video gaming industry was securing rights to distribute the Magnavox Odyssey video game console in Japan in 1974. Nintendo began to produce its own hardware in 1977, with the Color TV - Game home video game consoles. Four versions of these consoles were produced, each including variations of a single game (for example, Color TV Game 6 featured six versions of Light Tennis).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Kakuto Chojin: Back Alley Brutal", "paragraph_text": "Kakuto Chojin: Back Alley Brutal (Kakuto Chojin for short), known in Japan as , is a fighting game for the Xbox gaming console published in 2002 by Microsoft Game Studios. The game was the sole product of developer Dream Publishing, a studio created from members of Dream Factory and Microsoft. It was originally created as a tech demo to show off the graphic capabilities of the Xbox, before the decision was made to turn it into a full game. A few months after its release, \"Kakuto Chojin\" was pulled from distribution amidst controversy surrounding the religious content featured in the game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Third quarterback rule", "paragraph_text": "The third quarterback rule was a rule in the National Football League that governed the use of a third quarterback in addition to the starter and the backup. The rule was abolished for the 2011 season, when the NFL increased the roster size to allow 46 players to dress for a game.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Ball Game", "paragraph_text": "The Ball Game is an 1898 American short black-and-white silent documentary sports film produced and distributed by Edison Manufacturing Company.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Flock!", "paragraph_text": "Flock! (stylized as FLOCK!) is a puzzle video game developed by Proper Games and published by Capcom for Windows, PlayStation Network and Xbox Live Arcade. It was released for Microsoft Windows on April 7, 2009 through Steam and Stardock's digital distribution service Impulse, Xbox Live Arcade on April 8, 2009 and PlayStation Network on April 9, 2009.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Pokémon Conquest", "paragraph_text": "Pokémon Conquest, known in Japan as , is a tactical role-playing video game developed by Tecmo Koei, published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. The game is a crossover between the \"Pokémon\" and \"Nobunaga's Ambition\" video game series. The game was released in Japan on March 17, 2012, in North America on June 18, 2012, and in Europe on July 27, 2012.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Smashing Drive", "paragraph_text": "Smashing Drive is a racing video game developed and published by Gaelco and distributed by Namco. The game was first released in arcades in 2000 and was ported to the Nintendo Gamecube and Xbox in 2002 by Point of View and Namco. Subsequently, it has been brought to the Game Boy Advance in 2004 by DSI Games and Namco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1", "paragraph_text": "MaxPlay Classic Games Volume 1 is a compilation of video games developed by CodeJunkies and published by parent company Datel for the Nintendo GameCube and PlayStation 2. The title was distributed by Ardistel in Europe; it was included as a gift with the purchase of Datel's \"Max Memory\" memory card for the PlayStation 2. It is the only unlicensed game for the GameCube and one of only a handful for the PlayStation 2. The collection features ten games, all unofficial remakes of classic games. It includes:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Game (1997 film)", "paragraph_text": "The Game is a 1997 American mystery thriller film directed by David Fincher, starring Michael Douglas and Sean Penn, and produced by Propaganda Films and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment. It tells the story of a wealthy investment banker who is given a mysterious gift: participation in a game that integrates in strange ways with his everyday life. As the lines between the banker's real life and the game become more uncertain, hints of a large conspiracy become apparent.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Pokémon Diamond and Pearl", "paragraph_text": "Pokémon Diamond Version and Pearl Version (ポケットモンスターダイヤモンド・パール, Poketto Monsutā Daiyamondo & Pāru, ``Pocket Monsters: Diamond & Pearl '') are role - playing games (RPGs) developed by Game Freak, published by The Pokémon Company and distributed by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS. With the enhanced remake Pokémon Platinum, the games comprise the fifth installment and fourth generation of the Pokémon series of RPGs. First released in Japan on September 28, 2006, the games were later released to North America, Australia, and Europe over the course of 2007.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Super Mario Bros. (film)", "paragraph_text": "Super Mario Bros. is a 1993 American fantasy adventure film based on the Japanese video game series of the same name and the game Super Mario Bros. by Nintendo. It was directed by Rocky Morton and Annabel Jankel, written by Parker Bennett, Terry Runté and Ed Solomon, and distributed by Walt Disney Studios through Hollywood Pictures.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 679261, "question": "The Game >> distributed by", "answer": "PolyGram Filmed Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 120616, "question": "When was #1 abolished?", "answer": "1999", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "PopSister", "paragraph_text": "PopSister was a Japanese monthly gal-shibuya-kei-oriented fashion magazine published by Kadokawa Publishing & Co.. Launched in 2010 as the \"older sister\" magazine of \"Popteen\", \"PopSister\" was targeted at females in their teens and early 20s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lethe Press", "paragraph_text": "Lethe Press is an American book publishing company based in Maple Shade, New Jersey. Launched in 2001 by Steve Berman, a writer and a former employee of Giovanni's Room Bookstore in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the company was originally launched to publish speculative fiction, primarily LGBT-themed, as well as rereleasing out of print titles from other LGBT publishers. In recent years, with numerous LGBT-oriented publishing companies folding, the company has also expanded its line to include new LGBT-themed non-fiction, poetry and anthology titles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "World Press Review", "paragraph_text": "World Press Review (Worldpress.org) is an independent, nonpartisan New York based magazine founded in 1974 and initially published by Stanley Foundation and Teri Schure, with an online edition which was launched in 1997.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Calcified Tissue International", "paragraph_text": "Calcified Tissue International is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Springer Science+Business Media and first launched in 1967. From 1967 to 1978, the journal was published under the name \"Calcified Tissue Research\". It is an official journal of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. The journal is published monthly and includes original research on the structure and function of bone and other mineralized systems in living organisms, as well as reviews and special reports.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Open Biology", "paragraph_text": "Open Biology is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal published by the Royal Society covering biology at the molecular and cellular levels. The first issue was published in September 2011 with an editorial about the launch of the journal. All papers are made freely available under an open access model immediately on publication. The editor-in-chief is David Glover (University of Cambridge).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Nature Protocols", "paragraph_text": "Nature Protocols, published by the Nature Publishing Group, is an on-line scientific journal publishing methods in a recipe-style format. The journal was launched in June 2006 and the content includes both classical methods and cutting-edge techniques relevant to the study of biological problems. The content on this site is divided into \"Nature Protocols\" and the \"Protocol Exchange\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Nature India", "paragraph_text": "Nature India is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights research being produced in India in science and medicine. The international website was launched in February 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "The EMBO Journal", "paragraph_text": "The EMBO Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on full-length papers describing original research of general interest in molecular biology and related areas. The journal was established in 1982 and was published by Nature Publishing Group on behalf of the European Molecular Biology Organization until the launch of EMBO press in 2013.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti", "paragraph_text": "Les Nouvelles de Tahiti was a daily, French Polynesian newspaper headquartered in Tahiti. The newspaper, which published in French, was owned by Groupe Hersant Média. \"Les Nouvelles de Tahiti\" launched its website on December 3, 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Nature China", "paragraph_text": "Nature China () is an online publication by Nature Publishing Group (NPG) that highlights the best research being produced in Hong Kong and Mainland China in science and medicine. The international website was launched in January 2007. The Chinese website was launched on 25 April 2007. The site and its content is free-to-view for registered users.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nature Materials", "paragraph_text": "Nature Materials, is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Nature Publishing Group. It was launched in September 2002. Vincent Dusastre is the launching and current chief editor.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Untouchable (novel)", "paragraph_text": "The book was first published in 1935. Later editions carried a foreword written by E.M. Forster. In 2004, a commemorative edition including this book was launched by Indian then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "CrossGen", "paragraph_text": "Cross Generation Entertainment, or CrossGen, was an American comic book publisher and entertainment company that operated from 1998 to 2004. The company's assets were acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 2004, and designated to Disney Publishing Worldwide. In July 2010, Disney re-established the brand through Marvel Comics, who announced plans to revive CrossGen titles.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Crux Ansata", "paragraph_text": "Crux Ansata, subtitled 'An Indictment of the Roman Catholic Church' by H. G. Wells is a (96 page) wartime book first published in 1943 by Penguin Books, Hammonsworth (Great Britain): Penguin Special No. 129. The U. S. edition was copyrighted and published in 1944 by Agora Publishing Company, New York, with a portrait frontispiece and an appendix of an interview with Wells recorded by John Rowland. The U.S. edition of 144 pages went into a third printing in August 1946.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "European Polymer Journal", "paragraph_text": "European Polymer Journal is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, established in 1965 and published by Elsevier. The journal is publishing both original research and review papers on topic of the physics and chemistry of polymers. In 2006, it launched the polymer nanotechnology section.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Agon (newspaper)", "paragraph_text": "Agon is a newspaper published in Albania and based in Tirana. The paper was launched in 2007 as a free daily, being the first in its category.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Amazing Stories", "paragraph_text": "Amazing Stories is an American science fiction magazine launched in April 1926 by Hugo Gernsback's Experimenter Publishing. It was the first magazine devoted solely to science fiction. Science fiction stories had made regular appearances in other magazines, including some published by Gernsback, but \"Amazing\" helped define and launch a new genre of pulp fiction.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Crux (comics)", "paragraph_text": "Crux is an American comic book published by CrossGen Entertainment from May 2001 to February 2004. It was cancelled due to bankruptcy in 2004. Crux was one of the later titles that came first in a sort of second wave of Crossgen titles which included Sojourn and Brath. It detailed the exploits of six Atlanteans who were put into stasis and are awoken 100.000 years later.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nicholas Richardson", "paragraph_text": "Nicholas Richardson was educated at Magdalen College, Oxford (Honour Moderations in \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, Final Honour School of \"Literae Humaniores\" first class, BPhil, DPhil). From 1960 until 1961 he was a student of ancient historian G.E.M. de Ste Croix, and contributed to his festschrift entitled \"Crux\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Adelina Tattilo", "paragraph_text": "Adelina Tattilo (Foggia, 1929 – Rome, 1 February 2007) was an Italian publisher. She is acknowledged to be a pioneer in the Italian erotic magazine publishing sector, who contributed to change the social customs Italy from the second half the 1960s. By launching \"Playmen\", Tattilo engaged publishers like Hugh Hefner and Larry Flynt in an ideological battle to liberate sexual attitudes and free them from bigotry and false moralisms.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 813857, "question": "Crux >> publisher", "answer": "CrossGen", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 127131, "question": "When was #1 launched?", "answer": "1998", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Jan Anton van der Baren", "paragraph_text": "Jan Anton van der Baren (variations on the first name: 'Jan Anthonie', 'Jan Antonius', 'Jean-Antoine' and 'Johannes Antonius') (1615 – 1 January 1687) was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, priest and museum curator active in Brussels and Vienna. He specialised in still lifes of flowers and vegetables, some of which include an architectural background.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Crisp, Texas", "paragraph_text": "Crisp is an unincorporated community in Ellis County, Texas, United States. It was the birthplace of country music star Ernest Tubb. It is located east of Waxahachie.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "World Scout Jamboree", "paragraph_text": "It was in 1920 that the first World Scout Jamboree was realized, held in the Olympia halls in Kensington, London. Symbolically, the Jamboree site bore the name of the birthplace of the Olympic Games, Olympia. 8,000 Scouts from 34 countries attended the event.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Jan Šindel", "paragraph_text": "Jan Šindel was born in the Bohemian town Hradec Králové probably in the 1370s. As a young man he came to Prague to study at Charles University. In 1395 or 1399 he became the Master of Arts at Prague University. In 1406 he worked at the parish school of the St. Nicolas Church in the Lesser Town of Prague. Later he worked as a teacher of mathematics in Vienna, where he also studied medicine. Then he came back to Prague and became the professor of astronomy at Charles University, where he became Doctor of Medicine and rector of the university in 1410.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Branson, Missouri", "paragraph_text": "In 1983, Branson began its transformation into a major tourist attraction when the Roy Clark Celebrity Theatre opened and began to bring famous country music stars to Branson. Many of the performers who have had their own theaters in Branson first discovered Branson when they performed at this venue. The Roy Clark Celebrity Theatre at the Lodge of the Ozarks has been called the ``birthplace of Branson celebrity theatres ''.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "3JS", "paragraph_text": "3JS (pronounced: 3J's) is a Dutch band from Volendam, consisting of Jan Dulles, Jaap Kwakman and Jan de Witte. The band became nationally known after the success of their debut album, \"Watermensen\" in 2007 with their friends Jan Smit and Nick & Simon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "The One You Slip Around With", "paragraph_text": "\"The One You Slip Around With\" is a single by American country music artist Jan Howard. Released in October 1959, the song reached #13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, becoming Howard's first major hit single. The single was later released on the 1962 album, \"Jan Howard\", issued on Wrangler Records. The song was written by her husband and Nashville songwriter, Harlan Howard.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park", "paragraph_text": "Buchanan's Birthplace State Park is an Pennsylvania state park near Cove Gap, in Peters Township, Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the United States. The park is on Pennsylvania Route 16 along Tuscarora Mountain. Buchanan's Birthplace State Park was created from land donated to the state by Harriet Lane in honor of her uncle, the 15th President of the United States, James Buchanan.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Shakespeare's Birthplace", "paragraph_text": "Shakespeare's Birthplace is a restored 16th-century half-timbered house situated in Henley Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, where it is believed that William Shakespeare was born in 1564 and spent his childhood years. It is now a small museum open to the public and a popular visitor attraction, owned and managed by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. It has been referred to as \"a mecca for all lovers of literature\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jan Cremer", "paragraph_text": "Jan Cremer (; born 20 April 1940, Enschede, Netherlands) is a Dutch author, photographer and painter. His best known work is the novel \"\" (\"I, Jan Cremer\"; 1964) and the sequel \"Ik, Jan Cremer, tweede boek\" (\"I, Jan Cremer, second book\"; 1966). The publication of this book created scandal in the Netherlands because of its explicit sexual contents. He has since been active as photographer and painter.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Between Two Fires", "paragraph_text": "\"Between Two Fires\" is a song written by Jan Buckingham, Sam Lorber and J.D. Martin, and recorded by American country music artist Gary Morris. It was released in April 1984 as the first single from the album \"Faded Blue\". The song reached #7 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Hradec Králové", "paragraph_text": "Hradec Králové (; ) is a city of the Czech Republic, in the Hradec Králové Region of Bohemia. The city's economy is based on food-processing technology, photochemical, EMS and IT. Traditional industries include musical instrument manufacturing – the best known being Petrof pianos. The University of Hradec Králové is located in the city, the University of Defense has its only medical faculty in Hradec Králové and Charles University in Prague also has its Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and Faculty of Pharmacy there.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sazhdenik", "paragraph_text": "Sazhdenik is a village in Kyustendil Municipality, Kyustendil Province, south-western Bulgaria. It is the birthplace of Czech politician Vaclav Klaus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Mozart's birthplace", "paragraph_text": "Mozart's birthplace (German: ' or ') was the birthplace of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at No. 9 Getreidegasse in Salzburg, Austria. The Mozart family resided on the third floor from 1747 to 1773. Mozart himself was born here on 27 January 1756. He was the seventh child of Leopold Mozart, who was a musician of the Salzburg Royal Chamber.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chimpay", "paragraph_text": "Chimpay is a village and municipality in Río Negro Province in Argentina. The village is the birthplace of the blessed Ceferino Namuncurá.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Cherryburn", "paragraph_text": "Cherryburn is a cottage in Mickley, Northumberland, England, which was the birthplace of Thomas Bewick, an English wood engraver and ornithologist. The cottage, its adjacent farmhouse and large grounds, have been managed by the National Trust since 1991 when they took over responsibility for the site from the Bewick Birthplace Trust. Cherryburn is now open to the public 7 days a week between February and November.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Jan de Beijer", "paragraph_text": "Jan de Beijer (24 September 1703 – c. 1780), also given as Jan de Beyer, was a Dutch draughtsman and painter known for this drawings of towns and buildings in the present-day countries of the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. In total, he produced some 1500 drawings, over 600 of which were reproduced as engravings by other artists.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jan Schnider", "paragraph_text": "Jan Schnider (born January 7, 1983 in Oensingen) is a beach volleyball player from Switzerland, who with his team mate Martin Laciga is representing his native country at the 2008 Summer Olympics, in Beijing, China.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story", "paragraph_text": "Passaic: Birthplace of Television and the DuMont Story is a television play which aired on the DuMont Television Network on November 14, 1951.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Prague astronomical clock", "paragraph_text": "The oldest part of the Orloj, the mechanical clock and astronomical dial, dates back to 1410 when it was made by clockmaker Mikuláš of Kadaň and Jan Šindel, then later a professor of mathematics and astronomy at Charles University. The first recorded mention of the clock was on 9 October 1410. Later, presumably around 1490, the calendar dial was added and the clock facade was decorated with gothic sculptures.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 144408, "question": "What is Jan Šindel's birthplace?", "answer": "Hradec Králové", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 215084, "question": "#1 >> country", "answer": "Czech Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[ "CZE", "cz", "cze" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Mahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", widely attested in the Prajñāpāramitā sutras that emerged in his era. The concept of emptiness brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anatta and dependent origination, to refute the metaphysics of Sarvastivada and Sautrantika (extinct non-Mahayana schools). For Nagarjuna, it is not merely sentient beings that are empty of ātman; all phenomena (dharmas) are without any svabhava (literally \"own-nature\" or \"self-nature\"), and thus without any underlying essence; they are \"empty\" of being independent; thus the heterodox theories of svabhava circulating at the time were refuted on the basis of the doctrines of early Buddhism. Nagarjuna's school of thought is known as the Mādhyamaka. Some of the writings attributed to Nagarjuna made explicit references to Mahayana texts, but his philosophy was argued within the parameters set out by the agamas. He may have arrived at his positions from a desire to achieve a consistent exegesis of the Buddha's doctrine as recorded in the Canon. In the eyes of Nagarjuna the Buddha was not merely a forerunner, but the very founder of the Mādhyamaka system.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Egalitarianism", "paragraph_text": "Egalitarianism (from French égal, meaning 'equal') -- or equalitarianism -- is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Egalitarian doctrines maintain that all humans are equal in fundamental worth or social status. According to the Merriam - Webster Dictionary, the term has two distinct definitions in modern English: either as a political doctrine that all people should be treated as equals and have the same political, economic, social and civil rights; or as a social philosophy advocating the removal of economic inequalities among people, economic egalitarianism, or the decentralization of power. Some sources define egalitarianism as the point of view that equality reflects the natural state of humanity.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Vincenzo Botta", "paragraph_text": "Vincenzo Botta (November 11, 1818 Cavallermaggiore - October 5, 1894 New York City) was an Italian-born politician and professor of philosophy, and later, in the United States, of Italian language and literature.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Thought: A Journal of Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "Thought: A Journal of Philosophy is a twice-annual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell for the Northern Institute of Philosophy. The journal covers logic, philosophy of maths, philosophy of mind, epistemology, philosophy of language, and metaphysics. The editors-in-chief are Crispin Wright (New York University), John Divers (University of Leeds), and Carrie Jenkins (University of British Columbia).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Philosophical Review", "paragraph_text": "The Philosophical Review is a quarterly journal of philosophy edited by the faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University and published by Duke University Press (since September 2006). The journal publishes original work in all areas of analytic philosophy, but emphasizes material that is of general interest to academic philosophers. Each issue of the journal contains approximately two to four articles along with several book reviews. According to a poll conducted on Leiter Reports, the Philosophical Review is considered the best general journal of philosophy in the English language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Gabriel Nuchelmans", "paragraph_text": "Gabriel Nuchelmans (15 May 1922, Oud Gastel – 6 August 1996, Wassenaar) was a Dutch philosopher, focusing on the history of philosophy, especially philosophy of the Middle Ages, as well as logic and philosophy of language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "LMS Center", "paragraph_text": "LMS Center (Language-Mind-Society Center) is a centre for the study of language, mind and society established at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, EU in 2009 with support from the ESF. The centre’s goal is support of interdisciplinary research connecting philosophy with neighbouring sciences whose results are relevant to uncovering the nature and principles of the mind, language and society.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Joshua Landy", "paragraph_text": "Joshua Landy is the Andrew B. Hammond Professor in French Language, Literature and Civilization at Stanford University. He is also a Professor of Comparative Literature and co-director of the Literature and Philosophy Initiative at Stanford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Fritz Mauthner", "paragraph_text": "Fritz Mauthner (22 November 1849 – 29 June 1923) was an Austro-Hungarian novelist, theatre critic and satirist. He was an exponent of philosophical scepticism derived from a critique of human knowledge and of philosophy of language.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Avital Ronell", "paragraph_text": "Avital Ronell (; born 15 April 1952) is an American academic who writes about continental philosophy, literary studies, psychoanalysis, feminist philosophy, political philosophy, and ethics. She is a professor in the humanities and in the departments of Germanic languages and literature and comparative literature at New York University, where she co-directs the trauma and violence transdisciplinary studies program.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Richard W. Miller", "paragraph_text": "Richard W. Miller is a political philosopher and the Wyn and William Y. Hutchinson Professor in Ethics and Public Life at Cornell University. He is also the Director of the Program on Ethics and Public Life in the Cornell University Department of Philosophy. Miller received his Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1975. His dissertation, \"Solipsism and Language in the Writings of Wittgenstein,\" was directed by Rogers Albritton and Hilary Putnam. While he currently specializes in social and political philosophy, Miller has published books and articles on epistemology, philosophy of science, and ethics. His most recent book is \"Globalizing Justice: The Ethics of Poverty and power\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Søren Kierkegaard", "paragraph_text": "Kierkegaard was born to an affluent family in Copenhagen. His mother, Ane Sørensdatter Lund Kierkegaard, had served as a maid in the household before marrying his father, Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard. She was an unassuming figure: quiet, plain, and not formally educated, but Henriette Lund, her granddaughter, wrote that she \"wielded the sceptre with joy and protected [Søren and Peter] like a hen protecting her chicks\". She also wielded influence on her children so that later Peter said that his brother preserved many of their mother's words in his writings. His father, on the other hand, was a well-to-do wool merchant from Jutland. He was a \"very stern man, to all appearances dry and prosaic, but under his 'rustic cloak' demeanor he concealed an active imagination which not even his great age could blunt\". He was also interested in philosophy and often hosted intellectuals at his home. The young Kierkegaard read the philosophy of Christian Wolff. He also preferred the comedies of Ludvig Holberg, the writings of Georg Johann Hamann, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Edward Young, and Plato, especially those referring to Socrates.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Gilbert Harman", "paragraph_text": "Gilbert Harman (born 26 May 1938) is an American philosopher, who taught at Princeton University from 1963 until his retirement in 2017. He has published widely in philosophy of language, cognitive science, philosophy of mind, ethics, moral psychology, epistemology, statistical learning theory, and metaphysics. He and George Miller co-directed the Princeton University Cognitive Science Laboratory. Harman has taught or co-taught courses in Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Psychology, Philosophy, and Linguistics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Kenneth Allen Taylor", "paragraph_text": "Kenneth Allen Taylor (born 1954) is an American philosopher. He was the chair of the department of philosophy at Stanford University from 2001 to 2009. Professor Taylor specializes in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind. His interests include semantics, reference, naturalism, and relativism. He is the author of numerous articles, which have appeared in journals such as \"Noûs\", \"Philosophical Studies\", and \"Philosophy and Phenomenological Research\", and three books, \"Truth and Meaning: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Language\" (Blackwell Publishers), \"Reference and the Rational Mind\" (CSLI Publications) \"Meaning Diminished: Toward Metaphysically Modest Semantics.\" (Oxford University Press)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Philosophy of language", "paragraph_text": "In the early 19th century, the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard insisted that language ought to play a larger role in Western philosophy. He argues that philosophy has not sufficiently focused on the role language plays in cognition and that future philosophy ought to proceed with a conscious focus on language:", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Australasian Journal of Philosophy", "paragraph_text": "The Australasian Journal of Philosophy is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy and \"one of the oldest English-language philosophy journals in the world\". It was established in 1923 as the \"Australasian Journal of Psychology and Philosophy\", obtaining its current title in 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher,[citation needed] encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Volker Halbach", "paragraph_text": "Volker Halbach (born 21 October 1965 in Ingolstadt, Germany) is a German logician and philosopher. His main research interests are in philosophical logic, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, and epistemology, with a focus on formal theories of truth. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, Tutorial Fellow of New College, Oxford.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "European Language Resources Association", "paragraph_text": "Since its foundation in 1995, the European Language Resources Association has been a conduit for the distribution of speech, written and terminology Language Resources (LRs) for the Human Language Technology (HLT), a key compound of IST. In order to do so, a number of technical and logistic, commercial (prices, fees, royalties), legal (licensing, Intellectual Property Rights, Management), and information dissemination issues had to be addressed. Since its foundation, ELRA's mission has enlarged slightly, broadening its objectives and responsibilities towards the HLT community. ELRA is also involved in the production, or commissioning of the production, of language resources through a number of initiatives, also actively committed to the evaluation of language engineering tools as well as to the identification of new resources. The set up of the identification number ISLRN endorsed by NLP12 in 2013, is the most recent initiative led by ELDA to enhance the identification of Language Resources and their citation in publications.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 63119, "question": "who broadened the doctrine of philosophy of language", "answer": "Søren Kierkegaard", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 153058, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Copenhagen", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 3. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "List of World Series champions", "paragraph_text": "The Seattle Mariners and the Washington Nationals (formerly Montreal Expos) are the only current Major League Baseball franchises to have never appeared in a World Series; the San Diego Padres, Colorado Rockies, Texas Rangers (formerly the 1961 -- 1971 version of the Washington Senators), Tampa Bay Rays, and Milwaukee Brewers (formerly Seattle Pilots) have all played in the Series but have never won. The Toronto Blue Jays are the only franchise from outside the United States to appear in a World Series, winning in 1992 and 1993. The current World Series champions are the Houston Astros.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "St. Louis Cardinals", "paragraph_text": "One of the most successful franchises in baseball history, the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships, the second-most in Major League Baseball (behind the New York Yankees) and the most in the National League. Their 19 National League pennants rank third in NL history. In addition, St. Louis has won 13 division titles in the East and Central divisions. While still in the AA, St. Louis won four league championships, qualifying them to play in a forerunner of the World Series. They tied in 1885 and won outright in 1886, both times against Chicago, in the first meetings of the Cardinals -- Cubs rivalry that continues to this day.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Dwayne Kemp", "paragraph_text": "Dwayne Kemp (born 24 February 1988 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch baseball player for the Curaçao Neptunus of the Honkbal Hoofdklasse. He has played for the Netherlands national baseball team at the 2011 Baseball World Cup, 2010 European Baseball Championship, 2011 Baseball World Cup, 2013 World Port Tournament, 2015 World Port Tournament, 2016 Haarlem Baseball Week , , and the 2016 European Baseball Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Brett Moffitt", "paragraph_text": "Brett Moffitt (born August 7, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet Silverado for GMS Racing, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro for JR Motorsports. He won Rookie of the Year Honors in 2015 in the Cup Series, and won the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Championship.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Kansas City Royals", "paragraph_text": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City, Missouri. The Royals compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member team of the American League (AL) Central division. The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969, and has participated in four World Series, winning in 1985 and 2015, and losing in 1980 and 2014.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "2009 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2009 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2009 season. The 105th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff contested between the Philadelphia Phillies, champions of the National League (NL) and defending World Series champions, and the New York Yankees, champions of the American League (AL). The Yankees defeated the Phillies, 4 games to 2, to win their 27th World Series championship. The series was played between October 28 and November 4, broadcast on Fox, and watched by an average of roughly 19 million viewers. Due to the start of the season being pushed back by the 2009 World Baseball Classic in March, this was the first World Series regularly scheduled to be played into the month of November. This series was a rematch of the 1950 World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Little League World Series", "paragraph_text": "The Little League Baseball World Series is an annual baseball tournament in the eastern United States for children aged 10 to 12 years old. Originally called the National Little League Tournament, it was later renamed for the World Series in Major League Baseball. The Series was first held 71 years ago in 1947 and is held every August in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. (Although the postal address of the organization is in Williamsport, the Series itself is played at Howard J. Lamade Stadium and Volunteer Stadium at the Little League headquarters complex in South Williamsport.)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "1990 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 1990 World Series was the 87th edition of Major League Baseball's championship series and the conclusion of the 1990 Major League Baseball season. The Series featured the defending champions and heavily favored American League (AL) champion Oakland Athletics against the National League (NL) champion Cincinnati Reds. The Reds defeated the Athletics in a four - game sweep. It was the fifth 4 - game sweep by the National League and second by the Reds after they did it in 1976, as well as the second consecutive World Series to end in a sweep, after the A's themselves did it to the San Francisco Giants in 1989. It is remembered for Billy Hatcher's seven consecutive hits. The sweep extended the Reds' World Series winning streak to nine games, dating back to 1975. This also was the second World Series meeting between the two clubs (Oakland won four games to three in 1972). As of 2017, this remains both teams' most recent appearance in the World Series.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Boston Red Sox", "paragraph_text": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in twelve. In addition, they won the 1904 American League pennant, but were not able to defend their 1903 world championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in a World Series. Founded in 1901 as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox 'home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912. The ``Red Sox ''name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around 1908, following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the`` Boston Red Stockings'', including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2015 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2015 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2015 season. The 111th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion New York Mets and the American League (AL) champion Kansas City Royals. The series was played between October 27 and November 1, with the Royals winning the series 4 games to 1. It was the first time since the 2010 World Series that the World Series extended into November. The Royals became the first team since the Oakland Athletics in the 1989 World Series to win the World Series after losing in the previous year. It was the first World Series to feature only expansion teams and the first since the 2007 World Series to not feature the Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, or San Francisco Giants as the NL champions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "We Bare Bears", "paragraph_text": "We Bare Bears is an American animated sitcom created by Daniel Chong for Cartoon Network. The show made its premiere on July 27, 2015 and follows three bear siblings, Grizzly, Panda and Ice Bear (respectively voiced by Eric Edelstein, Bobby Moynihan, and Demetri Martin), and their awkward attempts at integrating with the human world in the San Francisco Bay Area. Based on Chong's webcomic The Three Bare Bears, the pilot episode made its world premiere at the KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival, where it won in the ``Young Amsterdam Audience ''category. The series premiered on July 27, 2015. Nintendo has also partnered with Cartoon Network to make ads of the show's characters playing the Nintendo Switch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2016 World Series", "paragraph_text": "The 2016 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2016 season. The 112th edition of the World Series, it was a best - of - seven playoff between the National League (NL) champion Chicago Cubs and the American League (AL) champion Cleveland Indians, the first meeting of those franchises in postseason history. The series was played between October 25 and November 2. The Indians had home - field advantage because the AL had won the 2016 All - Star Game. It was also the last World Series to have home - field advantage determined by the All - Star Game results; since 2017, home - field advantage is awarded to the team with the better record.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Dave Dravecky", "paragraph_text": "David Francis Dravecky (born February 14, 1956) is an American former professional baseball player, a motivational speaker, and an author. He played Major League Baseball for the San Diego Padres (1982–87) and San Francisco Giants (1987–89). Cancer ended his career as his team was reaching the 1989 World Series. He won the Hutch Award in 1989.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Chicago Cubs", "paragraph_text": "The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series. The 1906 Cubs won 116 games, finishing 116 -- 36 and posting a modern - era record winning percentage of. 763, before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox (``The Hitless Wonders '') by four games to two. The Cubs won back - to - back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908, becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series, and the first to win it twice. Most recently, the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series, which ended a 71 - year National League pennant drought and a 108 - year World Series championship drought, both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball. The 108 - year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports. Since the start of divisional play in 1969, the Cubs have appeared in the postseason eight times through the 2016 season.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joe Ferris", "paragraph_text": "Joe Ferris was an American college baseball pitcher who won the 1964 College World Series Most Outstanding Player award while a sophomore at University of Maine. He is the only player from University of Maine to win that award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of St. Louis Cardinals in the Baseball Hall of Fame", "paragraph_text": "The St. Louis Cardinals, a Major League baseball (MLB) franchise based in St. Louis, Missouri, have competed in the National League (NL) since 1892, and in the American Association (AA) from 1882 to 1891. They have won 11 World Series titles, one additional interleague championship and were co-champions (tied) in another prior to the modern World Series. Known as the Cardinals from 1900 to the present, the St. Louis franchise were also known as the Brown Stockings (1882), Browns (1883 -- 98), and Perfectos (1899). A total of 37 players and other personnel associated with the Cardinals have been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Chicago White Sox", "paragraph_text": "The White Sox won the 1906 World Series with a defense - oriented team dubbed ``the Hitless Wonders '', and the 1917 World Series led by Eddie Cicotte, Eddie Collins, and Shoeless Joe Jackson. The 1919 World Series was marred by the Black Sox Scandal, in which several members of the White Sox were accused of conspiring with gamblers to fix games. In response, Major League Baseball's new Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis banned the players from Major League Baseball for life. In 1959, led by Early Wynn, Nellie Fox, Luis Aparicio and manager Al López, the White Sox won the American League pennant. They won the AL pennant in 2005, and went on to win the World Series, led by World Series MVP Jermaine Dye, Paul Konerko, Mark Buehrle, catcher A.J. Pierzynski, and the first Latino manager to win the World Series, Ozzie Guillén.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Cleveland Indians", "paragraph_text": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland, Ohio. The Indians compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. Since , they have played at Progressive Field. The team's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear, Arizona. Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901, the Indians have won two World Series championships: in 1920 and 1948, along with 10 Central Division titles and six American League pennants. The Indians' current World Series championship drought is the longest active drought among all 30 current Major League teams.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Brian Cashman", "paragraph_text": "Brian McGuire Cashman (born July 3, 1967) is an American baseball executive for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. He has served as the General Manager and Senior Vice President of the Yankees since 1998. During Cashman's tenure as general manager, the Yankees have won six American League pennants and four World Series championships.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 63593, "question": "who won the world series in 2015 baseball", "answer": "Kansas City Royals", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 126904, "question": "When was #1 created?", "answer": "1969", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Baldevins bryllup", "paragraph_text": "Baldevins bryllup () is a 1926 Norwegian comedy film directed by George Schnéevoigt, starring Einar Sissener and Victor Bernau. The film is based on a play by Vilhelm Krag, and tells the story of how Simen Sørensen (Bernau) manages to get his friend Baldevin Jonassen (Sissener) married to the lady next door. The film was renovated in 2006, for the 100-years anniversary of Kristiansand Cinema.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Killian Curse", "paragraph_text": "The Killian Curse is a New Zealand kidult horror-fantasy television show, directed by Thomas Robins and Wayne Vinton. Starring Nick Blake and local New Zealand children, \"The Killian Curse\" tells the 21 stories of the students from Room 21, who must each face an evil curse placed on them by the sinister Charles Killian. Killian wants to get revenge on the people who caused his death shortly after founding the school in 1906. He needs to capture 11 souls to rise from the dead.There are two series which first aired in 2006 and 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Moscow Elegy", "paragraph_text": "Moscow Elegy () is a 1988 documentary film directed by Alexander Sokurov, about the later life and death of Soviet Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky. The film was originally intended to mark the 50th birthday of Tarkovsky in 1982, which would have been before his death. Controversy with Soviet authorities about the film's style and content led to significant delays in the production.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Acceptance (House)", "paragraph_text": "Acceptance is the first episode of season 2, written by Russel Friend & Garrett Lerner and directed by Dan Attias. House and his team has to diagnose and cure a death row inmate", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "La morte risale a ieri sera", "paragraph_text": "\"La morte risale a ieri sera\" was released in Italy on September 5, 1970. The film has also been distributed internationally under the titles \"Death Occurred Last Night\", \"Death Took Place Last Night\" and \"Horror Came out of the Fog\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold", "paragraph_text": "Vengeance Is a Dish Served Cold (), also known as Death's Dealer, is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Pasquale Squitieri and starring Klaus Kinski.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Arthur Conan Doyle", "paragraph_text": "Doyle was found clutching his chest in the hall of Windlesham Manor, his house in Crowborough, East Sussex, on 7 July 1930. He died of a heart attack at the age of 71. His last words were directed toward his wife: \"You are wonderful.\" At the time of his death, there was some controversy concerning his burial place, as he was avowedly not a Christian, considering himself a Spiritualist. He was first buried on 11 July 1930 in Windlesham rose garden.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "A Walk with Love and Death", "paragraph_text": "A Walk with Love and Death is a 1969 DeLuxe Color romantic drama film directed by John Huston and starring Anjelica Huston, Assi Dayan, Anthony Higgins, and John Huston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Maze Runner (film series)", "paragraph_text": "In March 2015, T.S. Nowlin, who co-wrote the first and wrote the second film, was hired to write Maze Runner: The Death Cure based on the novel The Death Cure. In September 2015, Ball was hired to direct the film. Ball said that the film would not be split into two films. Principal photography took place in Cape Town, South Africa between March and June 2017 for a January 26, 2018 release.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Lady in the Death House", "paragraph_text": "Lady in the Death House is a 1944 American film directed by Steve Sekely and starring Jean Parker and Lionel Atwill.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "George Schnéevoigt", "paragraph_text": "Schnéevoigt was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to actress Siri Schnéevoigt, and he is the father of actor and director Alf Schnéevoigt.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sartana in the Valley of Death", "paragraph_text": "Sartana in the Valley of Death (, also known as \"Ballad of Death Valley\") is a 1970 Italian Spaghetti Western film written and directed by Roberto Mauri and starring William Berger.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff", "paragraph_text": "Le Juge Fayard dit Le Shériff is a 1977 French crime film written and directed by Yves Boisset. The film was inspired by the death of François Renaud.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Death Valley", "paragraph_text": "Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert bordering the Great Basin Desert. It is one of the hottest places in the world along with deserts in the Middle East.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Charles Darnay", "paragraph_text": "Darnay is put on trial for treason against the Kingdom of Great Britain, but the key eyewitness testimony against him is undermined when his defense counsel directs attention to Sydney Carton, a barrister who has been assisting in the case. The two men bear a strong resemblance to one another, and Darnay is acquitted as a result. Later, Darnay succeeds his uncle as Marquis when the latter is stabbed to death in his sleep by a French revolutionary. Both Darnay and Carton express their love for Lucie Manette, but Darnay courts and marries her. As the French Revolution begins, Darnay is arrested and brought before a tribunal, where the crimes of his uncle and father are brought to light. He is sentenced to death by guillotine, but Carton takes his place so that he and his family can escape.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Death Flies East", "paragraph_text": "Death Flies East is a 1935 American mystery film directed by Phil Rosen and starring Conrad Nagel, Florence Rice and Raymond Walburn. The action takes place on an airline flight with a murderer aboard. The film was an early example of the aviation \"disaster film\" genre.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "A Fistful of Death", "paragraph_text": "A Fistful of Death ( ) is a 1971 Italian Western film directed by Demofilo Fidani and starring Klaus Kinski.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Death of a Lumberjack", "paragraph_text": "The Death of a Lumberjack () is a 1973 Canadian drama film directed by Gilles Carle. The film was entered into the 1973 Cannes Film Festival.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Coast of Skeletons", "paragraph_text": "Coast of Skeletons is a 1965 British-South African adventure film, directed by Robert Lynn and starring Richard Todd and Dale Robertson. It is a sequel to the 1963 film \"Death Drums Along the River\", and just as that film, it uses the characters from Edgar Wallace's 1911 novel \"Sanders of the River\" and Zoltán Korda's 1935 film based on the novel, but placed in a totally different story. \"Coast of Skeletons\" was released in Germany as \"Sanders und das Schiff des Todes\"/ \"Sanders and the Ship of Death\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Game of Death II", "paragraph_text": "Game of Death II (, aka Tower of Death and The New Game of Death) is a 1981 Hong Kong martial arts film directed by Ng See-yuen starring Bruce Lee, Tong Lung, Huong Cheng Li and Roy Horan. This film was marketed as a sequel to Bruce Lee's last and only partially completed film \"Game of Death\". Bruce Lee died some years before the production of \"Game of Death II\" and most of his scenes are taken from Lee's older films; mostly from \"Enter the Dragon\". Aside from the International English dub giving the \"Bruce Lee\" character the name \"Billy Lo\", this movie would seem to have no connection with Robert Clouse's film.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 125960, "question": "Who directed Baldevins bryllup?", "answer": "George Schnéevoigt", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 675104, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Copenhagen", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "The Man Hunter", "paragraph_text": "The Man Hunter is a 1930 American pre-Code all-talking adventure drama that stars Rin Tin Tin. The film was released by Warner Brothers, and was adapted by James A. Starr (who wrote the screenplay and dialogue) from a story by Lillie Hayward who also wrote the screenplay.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Crime and Justice", "paragraph_text": "Crime and Justice is an annual series of peer-reviewed commissioned essays on crime-related research subjects published by The University of Chicago Press. The journal was established in 1979. According to its self-description, it \"explores a full range of issues concerning crime, its causes, and its cure\", offering \"an interdisciplinary approach to address core issues in criminology, with perspectives from biology, law, psychology, ethics, history, and sociology\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics", "paragraph_text": "The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics were created in 1992 by the Computer Ethics Institute. The commandments were introduced in the paper ``In Pursuit of a 'Ten Commandments' for Computer Ethics ''by Ramon C. Barquin as a means to create`` a set of standards to guide and instruct people in the ethical use of computers.'' They follow the Internet Advisory Board's memo on ethics from 1987. The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics copies the archaic style of the Ten Commandments from the King James Bible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Wilhelm Wundt", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (/ vʊnt /; German: (vʊnt); 16 August 1832 -- 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the ``founder & father of experimental psychology ''. In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Political appointments in the United States", "paragraph_text": "According to the United States Office of Government Ethics, a political appointee is ``any employee who is appointed by the President, the Vice President, or agency head ''. As of 2016, an incoming administration needs to appoint around 4,000 new employees, of which about 1,200 require Senate approval.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "APA style", "paragraph_text": "The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association is the most current. It was released in July 2009 after four years of development. The Publication Manual Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published critique; user comments; commissioned reviews; and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b). To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: bias - free language, ethics, graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, references, statistics, and writing style (APA, 2009, pp. XVII -- XVIII).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Context principle", "paragraph_text": "The context principle is one of Gottlob Frege's ``three fundamental principles ''for philosophical analysis, first discussed in his Introduction to The Foundations of Arithmetic (Grundlagen der Arithmetik, 1884). Frege argued that many philosophical errors, especially those related to psychologism in the philosophy of logic and philosophy of mathematics, could be avoided by adhering carefully to the context principle. The view of meaning expressed by the context principle is sometimes called contextualism, but should not be confused with the common contemporary use of the term contextualism in epistemology or ethics. This view need not be contrasted with the view that the meanings of words or expressions can (or must) be determined prior to, and independently of, the meanings of the propositions in which they occur, which is often referred to as compositionalism.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird", "paragraph_text": "Harper Lee has remained famously detached from interpreting the novel since the mid-1960s. However, she gave some insight into her themes when, in a rare letter to the editor, she wrote in response to the passionate reaction her book caused: \"Surely it is plain to the simplest intelligence that To Kill a Mockingbird spells out in words of seldom more than two syllables a code of honor and conduct, Christian in its ethic, that is the heritage of all Southerners.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Adolescence", "paragraph_text": "The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's \"Adolescence in 1904.\" Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Industrial and organizational psychology", "paragraph_text": "The historical development of I / O psychology was paralleled in the US, the UK, Australia, Germany, the Netherlands, and eastern European countries such as Romania. The roots of I / O psychology trace back nearly to the beginning of psychology as a science, when Wilhelm Wundt founded one of the first psychological laboratories in 1876 in Leipzig, Germany. In the mid 1880s, Wundt trained two psychologists, Hugo Münsterberg and James McKeen Cattell, who had a major influence on the emergence of I / O psychology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Wilhelm Wundt", "paragraph_text": "Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (German: (vʊnt); 16 August 1832 -- 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the ``father of experimental psychology ''. In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics. He also formed the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien (from 1881 to 1902), set up to publish the Institute's research.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Programming ethics", "paragraph_text": "In the early 1990s, Donald Gotterbarn claimed that computer ethics should be considered as professional ethics that could have the power to lead towards the development and advancement of standards of good practice and codes of conduct for computing professionals (Bynum). He worked with several professional - ethics advocates to write ethical guidelines for creating codes of Ethics. He formed part of the creation of Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, adopted by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 1992, and Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice, adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the ACM as well. These codes also include Programming Ethics principles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Experimental psychology", "paragraph_text": "Experimental psychology was introduced into the United States by George Trumbull Ladd, who founded Yale University's psychological laboratory in 1879. In 1887, Ladd published Elements of Physiological Psychology, the first American textbook that extensively discussed experimental psychology. Between Ladd's founding of the Yale Laboratory and his textbook, the center of experimental psychology in the US shifted to Johns Hopkins University, where George Hall and Charles Sanders Peirce were extending and qualifying Wundt's work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Jonathan Haidt", "paragraph_text": "Jonathan David Haidt (; born October 19, 1963) is an American social psychologist, Professor of Ethical Leadership at New York University's Stern School of Business, and author. His main areas of study are the psychology of morality and the moral emotions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "APA Ethics Code", "paragraph_text": "The American Psychological Association (APA) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (for short, the Ethics Code, as referred to by the APA) includes an introduction, preamble, a list of five aspirational principles and a list of ten enforceable standards that psychologists use to guide ethical decisions in practice, research, and education. The principles and standards are written, revised, and enforced by the APA. The code of conduct is applicable to psychologists in a variety of areas across a variety of contexts. In the event of a violation of the code of conduct, the APA may take action ranging from termination of the APA membership to the loss of licensure, depending on the violation. Other professional organizations and licensing boards may adopt and enforce the code.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Feminist psychology", "paragraph_text": "The term feminist psychology was originally coined by Karen Horney. In her book, Feminine Psychology, which is a collection of articles Horney wrote on the subject from 1922 -- 1937, she addresses previously held beliefs about women, relationships, and the effect of society on female psychology.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Theory of Moral Sentiments", "paragraph_text": "The Theory of Moral Sentiments is a 1759 book by Adam Smith. It provided the ethical, philosophical, psychological, and methodological underpinnings to Smith's later works, including \"The Wealth of Nations\" (1776), \"Essays on Philosophical Subjects\" (1795), and \"Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms\" (1763) (first published in 1896).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "American Sociological Association", "paragraph_text": "The American Sociological Association is governed by a code of ethics and ethical standards. In 1970, the first ASA code of ethics was written. Since 1970, the code of ethics has been revised. The Committee on Professional Ethics worked to write this code and upon completing and approving it in 1997, the code focused on three goals. These three goals were to make the code more educative, accessible, easier to use, and more helpful for sociologists to understand ethical issues.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Avicenna", "paragraph_text": "Ibn Sīnā wrote extensively on early Islamic philosophy, especially the subjects logic, ethics, and metaphysics, including treatises named Logic and Metaphysics. Most of his works were written in Arabic – then the language of science in the Middle East – and some in Persian. Of linguistic significance even to this day are a few books that he wrote in nearly pure Persian language (particularly the Danishnamah-yi 'Ala', Philosophy for Ala' ad-Dawla'). Ibn Sīnā's commentaries on Aristotle often criticized the philosopher,[citation needed] encouraging a lively debate in the spirit of ijtihad.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Spider (2002 film)", "paragraph_text": "Spider is a 2002 Canadian-British psychological thriller film produced and directed by David Cronenberg and based on the novel of the same name by Patrick McGrath, who also wrote the screenplay.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 86989, "question": "who wrote the code of ethics for psychology", "answer": "The American Psychological Association", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 14904, "question": "Who was the first president of #1 ?", "answer": "G. Stanley Hall", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]

[ "Stanley Hall" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Pavlodar", "paragraph_text": "Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Nur-Sultan, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the city has a population of 331,710. The population of \"Pavlodar\" is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "San Jose, San Pablo, Laguna", "paragraph_text": "Barangay San Jose (commonly known as Malamig) is one of the 80 barangays of San Pablo City in the Philippines. Located along the eastern part of the city, it is bordered by Brgy. Concepcion on the north and Brgy. San Francisco on the west.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Siege of Sloviansk", "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Sloviansk was an operation by the Armed Forces of Ukraine to recapture the city of Sloviansk in Donetsk Oblast from pro-Russian insurgents who had seized it on 12 April 2014. The city was taken back on 5 July 2014 after shelling from artillery and heavy fighting. The fighting in Sloviansk marked the first major military engagement between pro-Russian separatists and Ukrainian government forces, in the first runoff of battles of 2014.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Springfield, Tennessee", "paragraph_text": "Springfield is a city in and the county seat of Robertson County, which is located in Middle Tennessee on the northern border of the state. The population was 16,478 at the 2010 census and 16,809 in 2016.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Baltic Sea", "paragraph_text": "Since May 2004, with the accession of the Baltic states and Poland, the Baltic Sea has been almost entirely surrounded by countries of the European Union (EU). The only remaining non-EU shore areas are Russian: the Saint Petersburg area and the exclave of the Kaliningrad Oblast.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The superior god of Oeselians as described by Henry of Latvia was called Tharapita. According to the legend in the chronicle Tharapita was born on a forested mountain in Virumaa (Latin: Vironia), mainland Estonia from where he flew to Oesel, Saaremaa The name Taarapita has been interpreted as \"Taara, help!\"/\"Thor, help!\" (Taara a(v)ita in Estonian) or \"Taara keeper\"/\"Thor keeper\" (Taara pidaja) Taara is associated with the Scandinavian god Thor. The story of Tharapita's or Taara's flight from Vironia to Saaremaa has been associated with a major meteor disaster estimated to have happened in 660 ± 85 BC that formed Kaali crater in Saaremaa.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Eastern Front (World War I)", "paragraph_text": "This offensive was unanticipated by the Turks, as it was in the middle of winter. The Turkish situation was exacerbated by the Third Army's commander Kamil Pasha and Chief of Staff Major Guse absence. Coupled with an imbalance of forces -- the Russians had 325 000 troops, while the Turks only 78 000 -- the situation appeared grim for the Central Powers. After three months of fighting, the Russians captured the city of Trabzon on April 18, 1916.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania", "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Belarus", "paragraph_text": "Belarus (; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus (, ), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "El Quinche", "paragraph_text": "El Quinche is a city of Ecuador, in the Pichincha Province, about in a straight line distance northeast of the city of Quito. The city, administratively a rural parish of the canton of Quito, is located in the valley of the headwaters of the Guayllabamba River, to the west of Pambamarca. It borders Cayambe Canton to the northeast.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tuva", "paragraph_text": "Tuva (; Russian: Тува́) or Tyva (Tuvan: Тыва), officially the Tyva Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́, tr. Respublika Tyva, IPA: [rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva]; Tuvan: Тыва Республика, Tyva Respublika [tʰɯˈʋa resˈpʰuplika]), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).The Tuvan republic lies at the geographical center of Asia, in southern Siberia. The republic borders the Altai Republic, the Republic of Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Irkutsk Oblast, and the Republic of Buryatia in Russia and Mongolia to the south. Its capital is the city of Kyzyl. It has a population of 307,930 (2010 census).From 1921 to 1944, Tuva constituted a sovereign, independent nation under the name of Tannu Tuva, officially, the Tuvan People's Republic, or the People's Republic of Tannu Tuva. The independence of Tannu Tuva, however, was recognized only by its neighbors: the Soviet Union and Mongolia.A majority of the population are ethnic Tuvans who speak Tuvan as their native tongue, while Russian is spoken natively by the Russian minority; both are official and widely understood in the republic. Tuva is governed by the Great Khural, which elects a chairman for a four-year term.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Russian language", "paragraph_text": "The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elderly speakers of this unique dialect are left. Sizable Russian-speaking communities also exist in North America, especially in large urban centers of the U.S. and Canada, such as New York City, Philadelphia, Boston, Los Angeles, Nashville, San Francisco, Seattle, Spokane, Toronto, Baltimore, Miami, Chicago, Denver and Cleveland. In a number of locations they issue their own newspapers, and live in ethnic enclaves (especially the generation of immigrants who started arriving in the early 1960s). Only about 25% of them are ethnic Russians, however. Before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the overwhelming majority of Russophones in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn in New York City were Russian-speaking Jews. Afterward, the influx from the countries of the former Soviet Union changed the statistics somewhat, with ethnic Russians and Ukrainians immigrating along with some more Russian Jews and Central Asians. According to the United States Census, in 2007 Russian was the primary language spoken in the homes of over 850,000 individuals living in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic", "paragraph_text": "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика, tr. Rossiyskaya Sovetskaya Federativnaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika listen (help·info)) commonly referred to as Soviet Russia or simply as Russia, was a sovereign state in 1917–22, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 1922–91 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 1990–91. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. To the west it bordered Finland, Norway and Poland; and to the south, China, Mongolia and North Korea whilst bordering the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Black sea and Caspian Sea to the south. Within the USSR, it bordered the Baltic republics (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), the Byelorussian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR to the west. To the south it bordered the Georgian, Azerbaijan and Kazakh SSRs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared \"border zones\". People not actually residing there were restricted from travelling to them without a permit. A notable closed military installation was the city of Paldiski, which was entirely closed to all public access. The city had a support base for the Soviet Baltic Fleet's submarines and several large military bases, including a nuclear submarine training centre complete with a full-scale model of a nuclear submarine with working nuclear reactors. The Paldiski reactors building passed into Estonian control in 1994 after the last Russian troops left the country. Immigration was another effect of Soviet occupation. Hundreds of thousands of migrants were relocated to Estonia from other parts of the Soviet Union to assist industrialisation and militarisation, contributing an increase of about half a million people within 45 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Lesozavodsk", "paragraph_text": "Lesozavodsk () is a town in Primorsky Krai, Russia, located on the Ussuri River (Amur's tributary), from the Sino–Russian border and about north of Vladivostok, the administrative center of the krai. Population: 37,000 (1972). It was formerly known as Ussuri ().", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Southern Scientific Center RAS", "paragraph_text": "Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Science (SSC RAS) is a regional unit of the Russian Academy of Science, which includes research groups from a number of cities located in the Southern Federal District of Russia. It has a staff of about 260 people, including 2 Academicians and 2 Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Science, 59 Doctors of Science and 118 PhDs.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Estonia", "paragraph_text": "The Oeselians or Osilians (Estonian saarlased; singular: saarlane) were a historical subdivision of Estonians inhabiting Saaremaa (Danish: Øsel; German: Ösel; Swedish: Ösel), an Estonian island in the Baltic Sea. They were first mentioned as early as the second century BC in Ptolemy's Geography III. The Oeselians were known in the Old Norse Icelandic Sagas and in Heimskringla as Víkingr frá Esthland (Estonian Vikings). Their sailing vessels were called pirate ships by Henry of Latvia in his Latin chronicles written at the beginning of the 13th century.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Oklahoma City", "paragraph_text": "The third-largest university in the state, the University of Central Oklahoma, is located just north of the city in the suburb of Edmond. Oklahoma Christian University, one of the state's private liberal arts institutions, is located just south of the Edmond border, inside the Oklahoma City limits.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Rēzekne", "paragraph_text": "Rēzekne (Latgalian \"Rēzekne\" or \"Rēzne\" , ; see other names) is a city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia. It is called \"The Heart of Latgale\" (Latvian \"Latgales sirds\", Latgalian \"Latgolys sirds\"). Built on seven hills, Rēzekne is situated east of Riga, and west of the Latvian-Russian border, at the intersection of the Moscow – Ventspils and Warsaw – Saint Petersburg Railways. It has a population of 31,216 (2016) making it the 7th largest city in Latvia.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 28482, "question": "Where is Saaremaa located?", "answer": "the Baltic Sea", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 46077, "question": "which major russian city borders #1", "answer": "Saint Petersburg", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]

[ "Petersburg" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Affirmative action in the United States", "paragraph_text": "In the 1960 presidential election, Democratic candidate and future President John F. Kennedy \"criticized President Eisenhower for not ending discrimination in federally supported housing\" and \"advocated a permanent Fair Employment Practices Commission\".:59 Shortly after taking office, Kennedy issued Executive Order 10925 in March 1961, requiring government contractors to \"consider and recommend additional affirmative steps which should be taken by executive departments and agencies to realize more fully the national policy of nondiscrimination…. The contractor will take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin\".:60 The order also established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity (PCEEO), chaired by Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson. Federal contractors who failed to comply or violated the executive order were punished by contract cancellation and the possible debarment from future government contracts. The administration was \"not demanding any special preference or treatment or quotas for minorities\" but was rather \"advocating racially neutral hiring to end job discrimination\".:61 Turning to issues of women's rights, Kennedy initiated a Commission on the Status of Women in December 1961. The commission was charged with \"examining employment policies and practices of the government and of contractors\" with regard to sex.:66", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Lucas Bradley", "paragraph_text": "Lucas Bradley (1809–1889) was an American architect in Racine, Wisconsin. He designed the Eli R. Cooley House in Racine, Wisconsin, the John Collins House, George Murray House (Racine, Wisconsin) and Racine College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1900), the Yale School of Public Health (1915), the Yale School of Nursing (1923), the Yale School of Drama (1955), the Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and the Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "No, Honestly", "paragraph_text": "No, Honestly is a British sitcom that was originally produced in 1974. \"No, Honestly\" featured the real-life married couple of Pauline Collins and John Alderton respectively as Clara and Charles \"CD\" Danby, a newlywed couple living in London.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Thomas & Sarah", "paragraph_text": "Thomas & Sarah is a British drama series that aired on ITV in 1979. A spin-off from the BAFTA Award-winning series \"Upstairs, Downstairs\", it stars John Alderton and Pauline Collins reprising their \"Upstairs, Downstairs\" roles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Second British Invasion", "paragraph_text": "During the Second British Invasion, established British acts such as Queen, David Bowie, Paul McCartney, Phil Collins, Rod Stewart and Elton John saw their popularity increase; a few acts that dated to the era of the original British Invasion, including George Harrison, Eddy Grant, The Hollies and The Moody Blues, had their last major hits in this time frame. Counting his work with Genesis, Collins had more top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart during the 1980s than any other artist.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Andrew J. Offutt", "paragraph_text": "Andrew Jefferson Offutt (August 16, 1934 – April 30, 2013) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. He wrote as Andrew J. Offutt, A. J. Offutt, and Andy Offutt. His normal byline, andrew j. offutt, has all his name in lower-case letters. He also wrote erotica under seventeen different pseudonyms, principally John Cleve, John Denis, Jeff Morehead, and Turk Winter. He is the father of novelist Chris Offutt and professor Jeff Offutt.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "John von Neumann Award", "paragraph_text": "The John von Neumann Award, named after John von Neumann is given annually by the Rajk László College for Advanced Studies (Budapest, Hungary), to an outstanding scholar in the exact social sciences, whose works have had substantial influence over a long period of time on the studies and intellectual activity of the students of the college. The award was established in 1994 and is given annually. In 2013, separately from the annual prize, Kenneth J. Arrow was given the Honorary John von Neumann Award.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies", "paragraph_text": "John J. Pershing General of the Armies, is a public artwork by American artist Robert White, located at Pershing Park in Washington, D.C., United States. John J. Pershing General of the Armies was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. The monument is a tribute to United States Army general John J. Pershing.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Armed Forces' Pay Review Body", "paragraph_text": "The Armed Forces' Pay Review Body is a United Kingdom non-departmental public body (and a Review Body) established to review and recommend the pay and terms and conditions of employment of the British armed forces. It is funded by the Ministry of Defence, and the Office of Manpower Economics provides the Review Body with an independent Secretariat.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Somerset", "paragraph_text": "Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Canadian Human Rights Commission", "paragraph_text": "The Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC) was established in 1977 by the government of Canada. It is empowered under the \"Canadian Human Rights Act\" to investigate and try to settle complaints of discrimination in employment and in the provision of services within federal jurisdiction. The CHRC is also empowered under the \"Employment Equity Act\" to ensure that federally regulated employers provide equal opportunities for four designated groups: women, Aboriginal people, the disabled and visible minorities. The CHRC helps enforce these human rights and inform the general public and employers of these rights.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Judgment Deferred", "paragraph_text": "Judgment Deferred is a 1952 British drama film directed by John Baxter and starring Joan Collins, Hugh Sinclair, Helen Shingler and Abraham Sofaer. The film is a remake of the director's earlier film, \"Doss House\" (1933).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "A Strange Transgressor", "paragraph_text": "Directed by Reginald Barker and produced by Thomas H. Ince, the screenplay was adapted by J. G. Hawks from the story by John Lynch.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": "Mainstream AC itself has evolved in a similar fashion over the years; traditional AC artists like Barbra Streisand, the Carpenters, Dionne Warwick, Barry Manilow, John Denver, and Olivia Newton-John found it harder to have major Top 40 hits as the 1980s wore on, and due to the influence of MTV, artists who were staples of the Contemporary Hit Radio format, such as Richard Marx, Michael Jackson, Bonnie Tyler, George Michael, Phil Collins, and Laura Branigan began crossing over to the AC charts with greater frequency. Collins has been described by AllMusic as \"one of the most successful pop and adult contemporary singers of the '80s and beyond\". However, with the combination of MTV and AC radio, adult contemporary appeared harder to define as a genre, with established soft-rock artists of the past still charting pop hits and receiving airplay alongside mainstream radio fare from newer artists at the time.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "The Light of Happiness", "paragraph_text": "The Light of Happiness is a lost 1916 silent film drama directed by John H. Collins and starring Viola Dana.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John J. Collins", "paragraph_text": "John J. Collins (born 1946) is the Holmes Professor of Old Testament Criticism & Interpretation at Yale Divinity School. He is noted for his research in the Hebrew Bible, as well as the apocryphal works of the Second Temple period including the sectarian works found in Dead Sea Scrolls and their relation to Christian origins. Collins has published and edited over 300 scholarly works, and a number of popular level articles and books. Among his best known works are the \"Between Athens and Jerusalem: Jewish Identity in the Hellenistic Diaspora\" (New York: Crossroad, 1983); \"Daniel\" in the Hermeneia commentary series (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993); \"The Scepter and the Star. The Messiahs of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Other Ancient Literature\" (New York: Doubleday, 1995); and \"The Bible after Babel: Historical Criticism in a Postmodern Age\" (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 2005).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "WorkCover Authority of New South Wales", "paragraph_text": "The WorkCover Authority of New South Wales or WorkCover NSW is a New South Wales Government agency established in 1989. The agency creates regulations to promote productive, healthy and safe workplaces for workers and employers in New South Wales. The agency formed part of the Safety, Return to Work and Support Division established pursuant to the Safety, Return to Work and Support Board Act, 2012 (NSW).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "BioEssays", "paragraph_text": "The journal was established in December 1984 by founding editor-in-chief William J. Whelan under the auspices of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Adam S. Wilkins became editor in January 1990. Originally published by ICSU Press and The Company of Biologists, \"BioEssays\" has been published by John Wiley & Sons since January 1998. Andrew Moore became editor-in-chief in August 2008.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Wayward Bus (film)", "paragraph_text": "The Wayward Bus is a 1957 drama film directed by Victor Vicas and starring Joan Collins, Jayne Mansfield, Dan Dailey and Rick Jason. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by John Steinbeck.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 465230, "question": "John J. Collins >> employer", "answer": "Yale Divinity School", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 21416, "question": "When was #1 established?", "answer": "1822", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "During his bid to be elected president in 2004, Kerry frequently criticized President George W. Bush for the Iraq War. While Kerry had initially voted in support of authorizing President Bush to use force in dealing with Saddam Hussein, he voted against an $87 billion supplemental appropriations bill to pay for the subsequent war. His statement on March 16, 2004, \"I actually did vote for the $87 billion before I voted against it,\" helped the Bush campaign to paint him as a flip-flopper and has been cited as contributing to Kerry's defeat.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "2000 United States presidential election in Florida", "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election in Florida, 2000 ← 1996 November 7, 2000 2004 → Turnout 70% Nominee George W. Bush Al Gore Party Republican Democratic Home state Texas Tennessee Running mate Dick Cheney Joe Lieberman Electoral vote 25 0 Popular vote 2,912,790 2,912,253 Percentage 48.847% 48.838% County Results Gore -- 60 - 70% Gore -- 50 - 60% Gore -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 40 - 50% Bush -- 50 - 60% Bush -- 60 - 70% Bush -- 70 - 80% President before election William Jefferson Clinton Democratic Elected President George Walker Bush Republican", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "George H. W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush served as the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a Congressman, Ambassador and Director of Central Intelligence. During his career in public service, he was known simply as George Bush; since 2001, he has often been referred to as ``George H.W. Bush '',`` Bush 41'', or ``George Bush Senior ''in order to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd president of the United States. He is the nation's oldest living president and vice president, as well as the longest - lived president in history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The second presidential debate was held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, on October 8, moderated by Charles Gibson of ABC. Conducted in a town meeting format, less formal than the first presidential debate, this debate saw Bush and Kerry taking questions on a variety of subjects from a local audience. Bush attempted to deflect criticism of what was described as his scowling demeanor during the first debate, joking at one point about one of Kerry's remarks, \"That answer made me want to scowl.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Powers of the United States Congress", "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Bush Street Temple", "paragraph_text": "The Bush Street Temple at 1881 Bush Street in San Francisco, California, is a State Landmark with historical significance to both the Orthodox Jewish community and to Buddhism in the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kanye West", "paragraph_text": "Bush stated in an interview that the comment was \"one of the most disgusting moments\" of his presidency. In November 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. \"I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist\", he told Lauer. \"I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words.\" The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. \"I'm not a hater\", Bush said. \"I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races.\" Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. \"It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long\", argued Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons. Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, \"I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come to be seen as a weak and troubled campaign. In the days after, coverage focused on Bush's apparent annoyance with Kerry and numerous scowls and negative facial expressions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the \"magical\" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "World War II Memorial", "paragraph_text": "Opened on April 29, 2004, it was dedicated by President George W. Bush on May 29, 2004. The memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group. As of 2009, more than 4.4 million people visit the memorial each year.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Presidency of George W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "The presidency of George W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 2001, when George W. Bush was inaugurated as 43rd President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 2009. Bush, a Republican, took office following a very close victory over Democratic incumbent Vice President Al Gore in the 2000 presidential election. Four years later, in the 2004 election, he defeated Democrat John Kerry to win re-election. Bush, the 43rd President, is the eldest son of the 41st President, George H.W. Bush. He was succeeded by Democrat Barack Obama, who won the 2008 presidential election.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "George H. W. Bush", "paragraph_text": "George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Previously known as simply ``George Bush '', since 2001, Bush has often been referred to as`` George H.W. Bush'', ``Bush 41 '',`` Bush the Elder'', or ``George Bush Senior ''to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Samuel P. Bush", "paragraph_text": "Samuel Prescott Bush (October 4, 1863 – February 8, 1948) was an American businessman and industrialist. He was the patriarch of the Bush political family. He was the father of U.S. Senator Prescott Bush, grandfather of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and great-grandfather of former U.S. President George W. Bush and Florida Governor Jeb Bush.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Arnold Schwarzenegger", "paragraph_text": "In 1985, Schwarzenegger appeared in \"Stop the Madness\", an anti-drug music video sponsored by the Reagan administration. He first came to wide public notice as a Republican during the 1988 presidential election, accompanying then-Vice President George H. W. Bush at a campaign rally.Schwarzenegger's first political appointment was as chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, on which he served from 1990 to 1993. He was nominated by George H. W. Bush, who dubbed him \"Conan the Republican\". He later served as chairman for the California Governor's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports under Governor Pete Wilson.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "John Kerry", "paragraph_text": "In the lead up to the Iraq War, Kerry said on October 9, 2002; \"I will be voting to give the President of the United States the authority to use force, if necessary, to disarm Saddam Hussein because I believe that a deadly arsenal of weapons of mass destruction in his hands is a real and grave threat to our security.\" Bush relied on that resolution in ordering the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Kerry also gave a January 23, 2003 speech to Georgetown University saying \"Without question, we need to disarm Saddam Hussein. He is a brutal, murderous dictator; leading an oppressive regime he presents a particularly grievous threat because he is so consistently prone to miscalculation. So the threat of Saddam Hussein with weapons of mass destruction is real.\" Kerry did, however, warn that the administration should exhaust its diplomatic avenues before launching war: \"Mr. President, do not rush to war, take the time to build the coalition, because it's not winning the war that's hard, it's winning the peace that's hard.\"", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "On March 10, 2004, Bush officially clinched the number of delegates needed to be nominated at the 2004 Republican National Convention in New York City. Bush accepted the nomination on September 2, 2004, and selected Vice President Dick Cheney as his running mate. (In New York, the ticket was also on the ballot as candidates of the Conservative Party of New York State.) During the convention and throughout the campaign, Bush focused on two themes: defending America against terrorism and building an ownership society. The ownership society included allowing people to invest some of their Social Security in the stock market, increasing home and stock ownership, and encouraging more people to buy their own health insurance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "The Reconstruction of William Zero", "paragraph_text": "The Reconstruction of William Zero is a 2014 American science fiction film directed by Dan Bush, written by Bush and Conal Byrne, and starring Byrne and Amy Seimetz. Byrne plays a geneticist who clones himself.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ed Rollins", "paragraph_text": "Edward Rollins (born March 19, 1943) is a Republican campaign consultant and advisor who has worked on several high-profile political campaigns in the United States. In 1983-84, he was National Campaign Director for the successful Reagan-Bush 1984 campaign. Rollins is currently a Co-Chairman of the pro–Donald Trump Great America PAC.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 30913, "question": "Why did Kerry criticize Bush during the 2004 campaign?", "answer": "for the Iraq War", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 30900, "question": "When did Bush declare #1 ?", "answer": "2003", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]

[]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "97 Aces Go Places", "paragraph_text": "97 Aces Go Places is a 1997 Hong Kong action comedy film directed by Chin Kar-lok and starring Alan Tam, Tony Leung, Christy Chung, Donna Chu and Francis Ng. The film is the sixth and final installment of the \"Aces Go Places\" film series and features a different cast and storyline.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "William Francis Ganong Jr.", "paragraph_text": "William Francis \"Fran\" Ganong Jr. was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, the son of renowned botanist and Smith College professor William Francis Ganong Sr. and geologist Anna Hobbet Ganong. Dr. Ganong died in Albany, California at the age of 83, after living with prostate cancer for 17 years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Laurence Tomson", "paragraph_text": "Laurence Tomson (1539 – 29 March 1608) was an English politician, author, and translator. He acted as the personal secretary of Sir Francis Walsingham, the secretary of state to Elizabeth I of England.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Glyphipterix bifasciata", "paragraph_text": "Glyphipterix bifasciata is a species of sedge moth in the genus \"Glyphipterix\". It was described by Walsingham in 1881. It is found in North America, including Washington, California and British Columbia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Philip Carr-Gomm", "paragraph_text": "Philip Carr-Gomm was born in London, raised in Notting Hill Gate, and educated at Westminster School and University College London. His father was Francis Eardley Carr-Gomm, brother of humanitarian Richard Carr-Gomm.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "St. Xavier's College, Mumbai", "paragraph_text": "The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-century Spanish Jesuit saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure. Founded by German Jesuits in 1869, Xavier's developed rapidly from 1884 to 1914. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the First World War (1914–1918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment of other European Jesuits. While it began as an arts college, by the 1920s science departments were established. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "I Go Dye", "paragraph_text": "Francis Agoda (born 4 April 1979) popularly known as I Go Dye or I Go Die is a Nigerian visionary comedian. He is a motivational speaker, writer and social crusader. However, through his artistry he has continued to promote global peace and child welfare. He has organized several international comedy shows such as \"Igodye Standing.\"", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center", "paragraph_text": "OSF Saint Francis Medical Center, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States, is a teaching hospital for the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria and part of the OSF Healthcare System. The Center, which is the largest hospital in the Peoria metropolitan area and in central Illinois, is designated by the state of Illinois as the Level I adult and pediatric regional trauma center for a 26-county region in mid-Illinois. OSF Saint Francis owns the Children's Hospital of Illinois (though the Hospital has its own President), the OSF Saint Francis Heart Hospital, the Illinois Neurological Institute, and the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center College of Nursing, which are all located either in or near the Medical Center. The hospital is a clinical training hospital for many medical students, interns, residents, and fellows of the Peoria campus of the University of Illinois College of Medicine.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Mike Davlin", "paragraph_text": "Michael Francis Davlin (November 2, 1927 – March 28, 1996) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at the University of Notre Dame and the University of San Francisco.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Francis Richard Fraser", "paragraph_text": "Sir Francis Richard Fraser (14 February 1885 – 2 October 1964) was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Sir Thomas Richard Fraser, the Professor of Materia Medica at the University of Edinburgh and member of the Royal Society, and Susanna Margaret Duncan. After attending Edinburgh Academy and Christ's College at Cambridge University, Fraser received his medical training from the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1910 with M.B., Ch.B. He interned at the Royal Infirmary and the Hospital for Sick Children, both in Edinburgh. In 1922, he received his M.D. from the University of Edinburgh Medical School. By chance, due to an illness of his father's, Fraser was asked to host a dinner in honor of Abraham Flexner. Flexner convinced Fraser to go to the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in the United States for his postgraduate work.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Computational complexity theory", "paragraph_text": "To further highlight the difference between a problem and an instance, consider the following instance of the decision version of the traveling salesman problem: Is there a route of at most 2000 kilometres passing through all of Germany's 15 largest cities? The quantitative answer to this particular problem instance is of little use for solving other instances of the problem, such as asking for a round trip through all sites in Milan whose total length is at most 10 km. For this reason, complexity theory addresses computational problems and not particular problem instances.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Francis Walsingham", "paragraph_text": "Francis Walsingham matriculated at King's College, Cambridge, in 1548 with many other Protestants but as an undergraduate of high social status did not sit for a degree. From 1550 or 1551, he travelled in continental Europe, returning to England by 1552 to enrol at Gray's Inn, one of the qualifying bodies for English lawyers.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "File 13", "paragraph_text": "``File 13 ''is a euphemism for the trash can. The phrase is especially used in the U.S. military, and is less common outside of the United States. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the expression`` round file'' or ``circular file ''is more common (in reference to trash cans typically being round). Many Unix - like operating systems have a similar reference known as / dev / null. Expressions such as`` I'll place that memo in file 13'' are often heard in offices as a joking way of saying, ``I'm going to throw away that memo. ''", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "King's College, Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "King's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Formally The King's College of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas in Cambridge, the college lies beside the River Cam and faces out onto King's Parade in the centre of the city.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "William Walsingham Jr.", "paragraph_text": "William Walsingham Jr. (Ca. 1909 – April 13, 1969) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball. He spent the bulk of his 30-year career with the St. Louis Cardinals, owned by his uncle, Sam Breadon, from 1920 through 1947.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Edward Stafford (diplomat)", "paragraph_text": "After he was appointed ambassador to Paris in 1583, he took money from Henry I, Duke of Guise, in return for access to diplomatic correspondence. He also received money from a Spanish agent, Bernardino de Mendoza, and there is strong evidence that has convinced most historians that Stafford in return for the money passed on secrets to Spain. Further it was his duty to report to London intelligence he possessed on the formation of the Spanish Armada, but did not do so. The English counterspy Francis Walsingham was deeply suspicious but was unable to prove anything, and could not act as long as Stafford was protected by Lord Burghley. No action was taken against him by Elizabeth, although he was not given any posts of consequence after his recall in 1590. McDermott concludes, \"The evidence of Stafford's treachery, though substantial, remains circumstantial, and the precise degree of his culpability is difficult to establish\". Leimon and Parker are convinced of his guilt and add, \" Equally damning is the misinformation about the nonexistence and false destinations of the Armada Stafford forwarded to England\".", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Reresby Sitwell", "paragraph_text": "The elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John Hare (bishop)", "paragraph_text": "He was educated at Brighton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. After a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon he was ordained in 1937 and began his career with a curacy at \"St Francis of Assisi, West Bromwich \" followed by a period as Vicar of \"St Matthias, Colindale\". In 1951 he began a long association with the Bedford area, being successively Rural Dean, Archdeacon of Bedford and then Suffragan Bishop. He died in post on 25 October 1976.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "George Egerton, 2nd Earl of Ellesmere", "paragraph_text": "Egerton was the eldest son of Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere and was educated at Christ Church, Oxford and Trinity College, Cambridge. On 29 April 1846, he married Lady Mary Campbell (a daughter of the 1st Earl Cawdor) and they had two sons, Hon. Francis Charles Granville (1847–1914) and Hon. Alfred John Francis (1854–1890), Member of Parliament for Eccles.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Wild Mountain Thyme", "paragraph_text": "``Wild Mountain Thyme ''(also known as`` Purple Heather'' and ``Will Ye Go, Lassie, Go? '') is an Irish / Scottish folk song. The lyrics and melody are a variant of the song`` The Braes of Balquhither'' by Scottish poet Robert Tannahill (1774 -- 1810) and Scottish composer Robert Archibald Smith (1780 -- 1829), but were adapted by Belfast musician Francis McPeake into ``Wild Mountain Thyme ''and first recorded by his family in the 1950s.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121758, "question": "What college did Francis Walsingham go to?", "answer": "King's College", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 211071, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "college of the University of Cambridge", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]

[ "Cambridge", "University of Cambridge", "Cambridge University" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Franz Ries", "paragraph_text": "Franz Ries (Berlin, 7 April 1846 – Naumburg, 20 January 1932) was a Romantic German violinist and composer, son of Hubert Ries. He studied at the Paris Conservatory. He also worked in the publishing business.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Chung Il-mi", "paragraph_text": "Chung Il-mi, or Il-Mi Chung (Korean: 정일미; born 15 January 1972 in Busan) is a South Korean professional golfer. She attended Ewha Womans University and turned professional in 1995 and joined the LPGA of Korea Tour where she has eight wins. She qualified for the LPGA Tour via the 2003 LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Class reunion", "paragraph_text": "A class reunion is a meeting of former classmates, often organized at or near their former school or college by one or more class members. It is scheduled near an anniversary of their graduation, e.g. every 5 years. Their teachers and administrators may be invited. Those attending reminisce about their student days and bring each other up to date on what has happened since they last meet.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Sejong University", "paragraph_text": "Sejong University (세종대학교, 世宗大學校) is a private university located in Seoul, South Korea. The history of Sejong University dates to 1940 when a trust established the Kyung Sung Humanities Institute. In 1978, the academy was named Sejong University in honor of Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Chosun Dynasty and overseer of the Korean alphabet Hangeul.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Doc Powell", "paragraph_text": "Doc Powell is an American jazz guitarist and composer. He was born and raised in Spring Valley, New York. He attended college at University of Charleston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Guybon Atherstone", "paragraph_text": "Atherstone was the son of William Guybon Atherstone (medical practitioner, naturalist, geologist and MP) and was born in Grahamstown on 20 June 1843, he attended St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown and King's College London where he qualified as a civil engineer.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Church of Divine Mercy", "paragraph_text": "The Church of Divine Mercy is a Catholic church in Singapore. It is located at 19 Pasir Ris Street 72.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Steven Gerber", "paragraph_text": "Steven Roy Gerber (September 28, 1948 – May 28, 2015) was an American composer of classical music. He attended Haverford College, graduating in 1969 at the age of twenty. He then attended Princeton University with a fellowship to study musical composition.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Alps", "paragraph_text": "The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans are underway to build a 57 km (35 mi)-long sub-alpine tunnel connecting the older Lötschberg and Gotthard tunnels built in the 19th century.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Gene Hiser", "paragraph_text": "He was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He attended college at the University of Maryland, where he played on the baseball team.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Meshanticut Interchange", "paragraph_text": "The Meshanticut Interchange is a highway interchange complex in Cranston, Rhode Island, USA. It was one of the first interchange complexes in Rhode Island, opening around the same time as the Olneyville Bypass, the RI 2/RI 117 interchange and relocated RI 3 (now I-95) (and long after the Point Street Viaduct, opened in 1940 and has not been changed since its opening in the early 1950s. The interchange is named after Meshanticut Brook, which flows through it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Ri (administrative division)", "paragraph_text": "A ri or village is an administrative unit in both North Korea and South Korea similar to the unit of village.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti", "paragraph_text": "RIS Delitti Imperfetti is an Italian television series, created in 2004 by Pietro Valsecchi, broadcast since January 2005 on Canale 5. The title, where \"RIS\" is an acronym for \"Reparto Investigazioni Scientifiche\" (an actual, real-life unit of the Carabinieri, the Italian gendarmerie), could be approximately translated into English as \"Unit of Scientific Investigations: Imperfect Crimes\". As the title indicates, the series is a crime drama, focusing on the scientific aspects of crime investigations, in a similar vein to the popular American TV series \"\" (though RIS is not a remake thereof).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Munich International School", "paragraph_text": "Munich International School (MIS) is a private international school located in Starnberg, south of Munich, Germany. MIS teaches students from EC (Early Child - years 4-5) to grade 12. Students travel from an area around Munich to attend the school, with the help of a school bus network that reaches into the area around Munich, even all the way to Garmisch-Partenkirchen. The School is divided into three groups: Junior, Middle, and Senior School.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Thamyris Glacier", "paragraph_text": "Thamyris Glacier (, ‘Lednik Tamiris’ \\'led-nik ta-'mi-ris\\) is a 3 km long and 2.8 km wide glacier draining the east slopes of the Trojan Range on Anvers Island in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. Situated east of Iliad Glacier, south of Rhesus Glacier and northwest of Kleptuza Glacier. Flowing northeastwards into Fournier Bay south of Predel Point and north of Madzharovo Point.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Kyeon Mi-ri", "paragraph_text": "Kyeon Mi-ri graduated from Seoul Traditional Arts High School in 1983, then studied Dance at Sejong University. She made her acting debut in 1984, and has since become active in television dramas, most notably as the arrogant and ambitious Lady Choi in the 2003 period drama \"Dae Jang Geum\" (or \"Jewel in the Palace\"), which was a hit not only in Korea but throughout Asia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Maurice Canning Wilks", "paragraph_text": "Maurice Canning Wilks (1910–1984) was an Irish landscape painter. Born in Belfast in 1910 to a linen designer, he was educated in Belfast at the Malone Public School and attended evening classes at the Belfast College of Art. While attending college he was awarded the Dunville Scholarship allowing him to attend day classes. He went on to exhibit at the Royal Hibernian Academy (RHA) in Dublin where he would one day become an associate member. He was also elected a full member of the Royal Ulster Academy (RUA).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Ross Leckie", "paragraph_text": "Ross Leckie attended Drumtochty Castle Preparatory School and Fettes College; at Fettes he gained his interest in classical literature. He studied classics at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was also President of the Junior Common Room.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Stephen Bann", "paragraph_text": "Stephen Bann CBE, FBA (born 1 August 1942 in Manchester, England) is the Emeritus Professor of History of Art at the University of Bristol. He attended Winchester College and King's College, Cambridge, attaining his PhD in 1967.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Henry Thacker", "paragraph_text": "Henry Thacker attended Boys' High School and then Canterbury College (what is now known as the University of Canterbury), from where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. He then enrolled at Edinburgh University where he gained his M.B. and C.M. diplomas in 1895. Two years later he gained a fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 121445, "question": "The college Kyeon Mi-ri attended was what?", "answer": "Sejong University", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 444063, "question": "#1 >> instance of", "answer": "private university", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]

[ "uni", "university", "Private university" ]

[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Kaskitayo, Edmonton", "paragraph_text": "Kaskitayo is a residential area in the southwest portion of the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It was established in 1973 through Edmonton City Council's adoption of the Kaskitayo Outline Plan, which guides the overall development of the area.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "The Antioch Review", "paragraph_text": "The Antioch Review is an American literary magazine established in 1941 at Antioch College in Ohio. The magazine is published on a quarterly basis. One of the oldest continuously published literary magazines in the United States, it publishes fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging and established authors.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "University of Notre Dame", "paragraph_text": "All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each student is given an academic advisor from the program who helps them to choose classes that give them exposure to any major in which they are interested. The program also includes a Learning Resource Center which provides time management, collaborative learning, and subject tutoring. This program has been recognized previously, by U.S. News & World Report, as outstanding.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Chester Hills", "paragraph_text": "Chester Hills was author of \"The Builder's Guide\", an architectural pattern book published in 1846, which, like those of Minard Lafever, influenced architecture in the United States. It is a \"practical treatise\" on Greek and Roman style architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "The Times", "paragraph_text": "This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Journal of Diversity in Higher Education", "paragraph_text": "The Journal of Diversity in Higher Education is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the American Psychological Association on behalf of the National Association of Diversity Officers in Higher Education. The journal, established in 2008, \"offers research findings, theory, and promising practices to help guide the efforts of institutions of higher education in the pursuit of inclusive excellence.\" The current editor-in-chief is Kimberly A. Griffin of the University of Maryland, College Park.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Michelin Guide", "paragraph_text": "Michelin Guides (French: Guide Michelin (ɡid miʃ. lɛ̃)) are a series of guide books published by the French tyre company Michelin for more than a century. The term normally refers to the annually published Michelin Red Guide, the oldest European hotel and restaurant reference guide, which awards up to three Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The acquisition or loss of a star can have dramatic effects on the success of a restaurant. Michelin also publishes a series of general guides to cities, regions, and countries, the Green Guides.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Philip Hallie", "paragraph_text": "Philip Paul Hallie (1922–1994) was an author, philosopher and professor at Wesleyan University for 32 years. During World War II he served in the US Army. His degrees were from Harvard, Oxford (where he was a Rhodes Scholar at Jesus College from 1949 to 1951) and Grinnell College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy", "paragraph_text": "The Oxford College of Pharmacy is a private college run under The Oxford Educational Institutions, which is the academic arms of the Children's Education Society in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The Oxford College of Pharmacy was established in 1992. Over a period of years, the college has produced Pharmacists who are serving the profession by working in fields of Pharmacy like marketing, R&D, production, and academics.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Brennan torpedo", "paragraph_text": "The Brennan torpedo was a torpedo patented by Irish-born Australian inventor Louis Brennan in 1877. It was propelled by two contra-rotating propellors that were spun by rapidly pulling out wires from drums wound inside the torpedo. Differential speed on the wires connected to the shore station allowed the torpedo to be guided to its target, up to away, at speeds of up to .", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Derek Croxton", "paragraph_text": "Derek Croxton is an American academic specialized in history. He authored several articles on military and diplomatic aspects of the Thirty Years' War. Croxton wrote \"\". He also worked as Adjunct Professor at Madonna College and has taught at Ohio State University and at Columbus State Community College.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Summit Christian College", "paragraph_text": "Summit Christian College, based in Gering, Nebraska, United States, was established in 1951 in Scottsbluff, Nebraska as Platte Valley Bible College. Accredited by the Association for Biblical Higher Learning (ABHE), Summit Christian College offers on-campus and distance education programs leading to bachelor (four-year), associate (two-year) and certificate (one-year) degrees in Christian Studies, Ministry Studies, Biblical Studies with emphasis on language and/or missions, and Christian Foundations. The college is historically affiliated with non-denominational, Christian churches and churches of Christ of the Restoration Movement.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin", "paragraph_text": "Ross O'Carroll-Kelly's Guide to (South) Dublin: How To Get By On, Like, €10,000 A Day is a 2008 faux-travel guide by Irish journalist and author Paul Howard, as part of the Ross O'Carroll-Kelly series. It takes the form of a tourist guide to South Dublin, written by Ross and his friends.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Artist's Widow", "paragraph_text": "The Artist's Widow is a novel written by British author Shena Mackay and first published in 1998 by Jonathan Cape. It is mentioned twice in the \"Bloomsbury Good Reading Guide\" (2003)", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Manangorai", "paragraph_text": "Manangorai is a village in the Thanjavur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is the only village inside Thanjavur to have an Engineering college.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Joe Leydon", "paragraph_text": "Joseph Patrick Michael \"Joe\" Leydon (born August 22, 1952) is an American film critic and historian. A critic and correspondent for \"Variety\" since 1990, he is the author of \"Joe Leydon's Guide to Essential Movies You Must See\" (Michael Wiese Productions), and was a contributing critic for \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\". He is also a founding member of Houston Film Critics Society and a senior writer for \"Cowboys & Indians Magazine\". Since 2001, Leydon has been an instructor at Houston Community College and the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication at University of Houston.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Ellen Schulz Quillin", "paragraph_text": "Ellen Dorothy Schulz Quillin (June 16, 1892 – May 6, 1970) was an American botanist, author, and museum director who helped establish the Witte Museum in San Antonio, Texas. She was the museum's director from 1926 to 1960. Quillin also wrote several field guides relating to plants in Texas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges", "paragraph_text": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges is a college educational guide which has been published annually by the student editorial staff of the \"Yale Daily News\" for over four decades. It provides insight to prospective undergraduate students using first-hand accounts of attending students as well as an overview of the admissions process.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Yale University", "paragraph_text": "The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. Established in 1872, The Yale Record is the world's oldest humor magazine. Newspapers include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, and the weekly Yale Herald, which was first published in 1986. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend. WYBC Yale Radio is the campus's radio station, owned and operated by students. While students used to broadcast on AM & FM frequencies, they now have an Internet-only stream.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory", "paragraph_text": "Charlie and the Chocolate Factory is a 1964 children's novel by British author Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charlie Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier Willy Wonka.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 446183, "question": "The Insider's Guide to the Colleges >> author", "answer": "Yale Daily News", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 21489, "question": "In what year was #1 established?", "answer": "1878", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Utah Attorney General", "paragraph_text": "The Attorney General of Utah is an elected constitutional officer in the executive branch of the state government of Utah. The attorney general is the chief legal officer and legal adviser in the state. The office is elected, with a term of four years.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "Its services include RIBA Insight, RIBA Appointments, and RIBA Publishing. It publishes the RIBA Product Selector and RIBA Journal. In Newcastle is the NBS, the National Building Specification, which has 130 staff and deals with the building regulations and the Construction Information Service. RIBA Bookshops, which operates online and at 66 Portland Place, is also part of RIBA Enterprises.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Archdeacon of Cambridge", "paragraph_text": "The Archdeacon of Cambridge is a senior ecclesiastical officer in the Diocese of Ely. The archdeacon is responsible for some clergy discipline and pastoral care in the Archdeaconry of Cambridge.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Legislature of the Virgin Islands", "paragraph_text": "The Legislature of the Virgin Islands is the territorial legislature of the United States Virgin Islands. The legislative branch of the unincorporated U.S. territory is unicameral, with a single house consisting of 15 senators, elected to two-year terms without term limits. The territorial legislature meets in the capital of Charlotte Amalie on the island of St. Thomas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the \"Statutory registration of architects\" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on \"Education\" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any school which applied for recognition, whose syllabus was approved by the Board and whose examinations were conducted by an approved external examiner, and whose standard of attainment was guaranteed by periodical inspections by a \"Visiting Board\" from the BAE, could be placed on the list of \"recognized schools\" and its successful students could qualify for exemption from RIBA examinations.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Women's Boat Race", "paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 miles (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both crews are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018 Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. The women's race has received television coverage and grown in popularity since 2015, attracting a television audience of 4.8 million viewers that year. The 2018 race was won by Cambridge by around seven lengths.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Bank Saderat Iran", "paragraph_text": "Bank Saderat Iran has around 3,500 offices in 12 countries and territories across Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and around 10 million customers. As of 30 June 2013, it had total assets of $59.110 billion. BSI has 28 international branches and services in 12 countries. BSI has a primary listing on the Tehran Stock Exchange.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Modern Asian Studies", "paragraph_text": "Modern Asian Studies is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal in the field of Asian studies, published by Cambridge University Press. The journal was established in 1967 by the Syndics of the University of Cambridge and the Committee of Directors at the Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), a joint initiative among SOAS University of London, University of Cambridge, University of Hull, University of Leeds, and University of Sheffield. The journal covers the history, sociology, economics, and culture of modern Asia.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The British Architectural Library, sometimes referred to as the RIBA Library, was established in 1834 upon the founding of the institute with donations from members. Now, with over four million items, it is one of the three largest architectural libraries in the world and the largest in Europe. Some items from the collections are on permanent display at the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) in the V&A + RIBA Architecture Gallery and included in temporary exhibitions at the RIBA and across Europe and North America. Its collections include:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "United States federal civil service", "paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "East of England", "paragraph_text": "The East of England is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It was created in 1994 and was adopted for statistics from 1999. It includes the ceremonial counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk. Essex has the highest population in the region.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Cambridge History of Iran", "paragraph_text": "The Cambridge History of Iran is a multi-volume survey of Iranian history published by Cambridge University Press. The seven volumes cover \"the history and historical geography of the land which is present-day Iran, as well as other territories inhabited by peoples of Iranian descent, from prehistoric times up to the present.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "United States federal civil service", "paragraph_text": "According to the Office of Personnel Management, as of December 2011, there were approximately 2.79 million civil servants employed by the U.S. government. This includes employees in the departments and agencies run by any of the three branches of government (the executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch), such as over 600,000 employees in the U.S. Postal Service.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mioara Mantale", "paragraph_text": "Between 1996 and 2005, Mioara Mantale worked as a Law Adviser for the International Bank of Religions branch in Iaşi, and later for the central offices of Bancorex, Allianz Romania, and a stock broker firm in Bucharest. In 2000, she was elected to the General Council of Bucharest, serving as member of its Judicial and Economic Committee until 2002. In 2002-2004, she was a civil society representative on the Bucharest Territorial Authority for Public Order. Reelected to the General Council in 2004, Mantale was its President until 2005, while serving as President of the Territorial Authority, before being appointed Prefect. In August 2007, she was dismissed from her office, being instead appointed Subprefect of Bucharest. She was dismissed from that office in July 2010, being named a government inspector.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Boat Race", "paragraph_text": "The course covers a 4.2 - mile (6.8 km) stretch of the Thames in West London, from Putney to Mortlake. Members of both teams are traditionally known as blues and each boat as a ``Blue Boat '', with Cambridge in light blue and Oxford dark blue. As of 2018, Cambridge has won the men's race 83 times and Oxford 80 times, with one dead heat. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1930. In the women's race, Cambridge have won the race 43 times and Oxford 30 times. Cambridge has led Oxford in cumulative wins since 1966. A reserve boat race has been held since 1965 for the men and 1966 for the women.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Nikita Petrovich Panin", "paragraph_text": "Count Nikita Petrovich Panin (Russian: Ники́та Петро́вич Па́нин) (1770–1837), a Russian diplomat, vice-chancellor, State Chancellor 6 October 1799 – 18 November 1800 (acting) and Foreign Minister of Russia. He was a nephew of Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin, son of Petr Ivanovich Panin, son-in-law of Count . Nikita P. Panin plotted the assassination of Paul I of Russia together with Count Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen and the Russo-Neapolitan Admiral José de Ribas. Ribas died before the assassination, which was actually carried out on 23 March [O.S. 11 March] 1801 by a band of dismissed officers headed by General Bennigsen, a Hanoverian in the Russian service, and General Yashvil, a Georgian. The assassination brought Alexander I of Russia to the throne.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Royal Institute of British Architects", "paragraph_text": "RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 7483, "question": "What territory did RIBA's Cambridge branch office cover?", "answer": "the East of England", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 160863, "question": "When was #1 birthed?", "answer": "1994", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]

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[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Biblical apocrypha", "paragraph_text": "The preface to the Apocrypha in the Geneva Bible explained that while these books ``were not received by a common consent to be read and expounded publicly in the Church, ''and did not serve`` to prove any point of Christian religion save in so much as they had the consent of the other scriptures called canonical to confirm the same,'' nonetheless, ``as books proceeding from godly men they were received to be read for the advancement and furtherance of the knowledge of history and for the instruction of godly manners. ''Later, during the English Civil War, the Westminster Confession of 1647 excluded the Apocrypha from the canon and made no recommendation of the Apocrypha above`` other human writings'', and this attitude towards the Apocrypha is represented by the decision of the British and Foreign Bible Society in the early 19th century not to print it (see below). Today, ``English Bibles with the Apocrypha are becoming more popular again ''and they are often printed as intertestamental books.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Private school", "paragraph_text": "Religiously affiliated and denominational schools form a subcategory of private schools. Some such schools teach religious education, together with the usual academic subjects to impress their particular faith's beliefs and traditions in the students who attend. Others use the denomination as more of a general label to describe on what the founders based their belief, while still maintaining a fine distinction between academics and religion. They include parochial schools, a term which is often used to denote Roman Catholic schools. Other religious groups represented in the K-12 private education sector include Protestants, Jews, Muslims and the Orthodox Christians.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Seven Archangels", "paragraph_text": "The most notable reference to a group of seven Archangels appears to have been borrowed from the Jewish Pseudepigrapha, namely the 250 BC Book of the Watchers, which at some point was merged with some other books in what is known today as 1 Enoch (the Book of Enoch), and was made part of the Ethiopian Christian movement scriptural cannon, though by the seventh century it was rejected by Christian leaders from all other denominations as canonical scripture, and despite having been prevalent in Jewish and early Christian Apostolic traditions (as well as the early Christian leaders writings) the book just fell from academic and religious status in regards to the rest of the canonical scripture, resulting in the text not being found in most parts of the World, as it was forbidden, from 7th Century AD onwards. The list of Angels survived only as part of oral traditions that differed to one another depending on the geographical area that they were present, and thus many different lists of angels (termed ``Archangels '') exist, but to different levels of acceptance.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Immanuel", "paragraph_text": "Immanuel (Hebrew: עִמָּנוּאֵל ‬ meaning, ``God with us ''; also romanized Emmanuel, Imanu'el) is a Hebrew name which appears in the Book of Isaiah as a sign that God will protect the House of David. The Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 1: 22 -- 23) quotes part of this,`` a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel'', as a prophecy of the birth of the Messiah and the fulfillment of Scripture in the person of Jesus.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Hindu philosophy", "paragraph_text": "The Mīmāṃsā school has several subschools defined by epistemology. The Prābhākara subschool of Mīmāṃsā considered five epistemically reliable means to gaining knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), and śabda (word, testimony of past or present reliable experts). The Kumārila Bhaṭṭa sub-school of Mīmāṃsā added sixth to its canon of reliable epistemology - anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Dominican Order", "paragraph_text": "As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bishop Martin Bazan and Prior Diego d'Achebes appointed Dominic to the cathedral chapter and he became a regular canon under the Rule of St. Augustine and the Constitutions for the cathedral church of Osma. At the age of twenty-four or twenty-five, he was ordained to the priesthood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 6, "title": "New Testament", "paragraph_text": "Collections of related texts such as letters of the Apostle Paul (a major collection of which must have been made already by the early 2nd century) and the Canonical Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (asserted by Irenaeus of Lyon in the late - 2nd century as the Four Gospels) gradually were joined to other collections and single works in different combinations to form various Christian canons of Scripture. Over time, some disputed books, such as the Book of Revelation and the Minor Catholic (General) Epistles were introduced into canons in which they were originally absent. Other works earlier held to be Scripture, such as 1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, and the Diatessaron, were excluded from the New Testament. The Old Testament canon is not completely uniform among all major Christian groups including Roman Catholics, Protestants, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Slavic Orthodox Churches, and the Armenian Orthodox Church. However, the twenty - seven - book canon of the New Testament, at least since Late Antiquity, has been almost universally recognized within Christianity (see Development of the New Testament canon).", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to describe the experience, which implies the extinction of raga (greed, craving),[web 12] dosa (hate, aversion)[web 13] and moha (delusion).[web 14] In the later school of Mahayana Buddhism, the status of nirvana was downgraded in some scriptures, coming to refer only to the extinction of greed and hate, implying that delusion was still present in one who attained nirvana, and that one needed to attain bodhi to eradicate delusion:", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Latin Mass", "paragraph_text": "A further distancing between the concepts of ``Tridentine Mass ''and`` Latin Mass'' was brought about by the 1964 Instruction on implementing the Constitution on Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council, which laid down that ``normally the epistle and gospel from the Mass of the day shall be read in the vernacular ''. Episcopal conferences were to decide, with the consent of the Holy See, what other parts, if any, of the Mass were to be celebrated in the vernacular. Permissions were thus granted from 1967 onwards to celebrate most of the Tridentine Mass in vernacular languages, including the Canon.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Canon law", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules (\"canons\") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first century has developed into a highly complex legal system encapsulating not just norms of the New Testament, but some elements of the Hebrew (Old Testament), Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic legal traditions.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Deuterocanonical books", "paragraph_text": "Philip Schaff says that ``the Council of Hippo in 393, and the third (according to another reckoning the sixth) Council of Carthage in 397, under the influence of Augustine, who attended both, fixed the catholic canon of the Holy Scriptures, including the Apocrypha of the Old Testament,... This decision of the transmarine church however, was subject to ratification; and the concurrence of the Roman see it received when Innocent I and Gelasius I (AD 414) repeated the same index of biblical books. Schaff says that this canon remained undisturbed till the sixteenth century, and was sanctioned by the council of Trent at its fourth session, ''although as the Catholic Encyclopedia reports,`` in the Latin Church, all through the Middle Ages we find evidence of hesitation about the character of the deuterocanonicals... Few are found to unequivocally acknowledge their canonicity,'' but that the countless manuscript copies of the Vulgate produced by these ages, with a slight, probably accidental, exception, uniformly embrace the complete Roman Catholic Old Testament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Quran", "paragraph_text": "The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a definite article (al-), the word is referred to as the \"revelation\" (waḥy), that which has been \"sent down\" (tanzīl) at intervals. Other related words are: dhikr (remembrance), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning, and ḥikmah (wisdom), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Book of Moses", "paragraph_text": "The Book of Moses, dictated by Joseph Smith, is part of the scriptural canon for some in the Latter Day Saint movement. The book begins with the \"Visions of Moses,\" a prologue to the story of the creation and the fall of man (Moses chapter 1), and continues with material corresponding to Smith's revision (JST) of the first six chapters of the Book of Genesis (Moses chapters 2–5, 8), interrupted by two chapters of \"extracts from the prophecy of Enoch\" (Moses chapters 6–7). Portions of the Book of Moses were originally published separately by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) in 1851, but later combined and published as the Book of Moses in the Pearl of Great Price, one of the four books of its scriptural canon. The same material is published by the Community of Christ as parts of its Doctrine and Covenants and Inspired Version of the Bible.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 13, "title": "John Hartcliffe", "paragraph_text": "John Hartcliffe (1651 - 16 August 1712) was a Canon of Windsor from 1691 to 1712 and Headmaster of Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings), and the Sangha (the community). Taking \"refuge in the triple gem\" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist. Other practices are Ten Meritorious Deeds including, giving charity to reduce the greediness; following ethical precepts; renouncing conventional living and becoming a monastic; the development of mindfulness and practice of meditation; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; devotional practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and bodhisattvas.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in the hinayana designation; in the modern era, this label is seen as derogatory, and is generally avoided.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Canon FP", "paragraph_text": "The Canon FP is a 35 mm SLR introduced by Canon Inc. of Japan in October 1964, using the new Canon FL lens mount.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Buddhism", "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Epistle of James", "paragraph_text": "The Epistle of James was included among the twenty - seven New Testament books first listed by Athanasius of Alexandria in his Thirty - Ninth Festal Epistle (AD 367) and was confirmed as a canonical epistle of the New Testament by a series of councils in the Fourth Century. Today, virtually all denominations of Christianity consider this book to be a canonical epistle of the New Testament.", "is_supporting": false }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Catholic Bible", "paragraph_text": "The Catholic Bible is the Bible comprising the whole 73 - book canon recognized by the Catholic Church, including the deuterocanonical books.", "is_supporting": false } ]

[ { "id": 2946, "question": "What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?", "answer": "the Theravada", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 2741, "question": "#1 means what?", "answer": "The School of the Elders", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]

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