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Marc-Antoine Charpentier (born near Paris, 1643; died Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, 24 February 1704) was a French composer. He lived in the period known as the Baroque period. His most famous music is his Te Deum. This work begins with a prelude which today is extremely popular. It was the signature tune for the European Broadcasting Union where it was used to introduce programmes such as the Vienna New Year's Concert and the Eurovision Song Contest. It is often used as a voluntary for weddings.
Life
We do not know much for certain about his early life. He went to Italy where he learned a lot by studying the music of Italian composers. He studied with the composer Giacomo Carissimi for several years.
When he returned to France he got a job as musician to the Duchess of Guise who was a rich lady who employed several musicians. He worked for her for many years, both as a singer (he had a high tenor voice known in French as an "haute-contre"), and as a composer. When the great playwright Moliere stopped working with Lully he asked Charpentier to work with him. He wrote music for several plays by Moliere including Le malade imaginaire. After Moliere's died in 1673, Charpentier continued to write for other playwrights such as Thomas Corneille and Jean Donneau de Vise. He often used more musicians than he was allowed (only Lully, the king's composer, was allowed to use lots of musicians for his performances). In the end Charpentier stopped writing music for plays.
In 1679, Charpentier was invited to compose for the king's son, the Dauphin. The Dauphin had a private chapel and Charpentier wrote religious music for him. In 1683 he was given a royal pension. In April of that year he became very ill and could not work for a time.
From late 1687 to early 1698, Charpentier was maitre de musique to the Jesuits, Soon he stopped composing big works such as oratorios and concentrated on smaller works for church worship which were sometimes played by a large number of players. He also was music teacher to the Duke of Chartres.
In 1698 he was made maitre de musique at the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris. This was one of the top musical jobs in France (the only better job in sacred music in France was director of the royal chapel at Versailles). He kept this job until his death in 1704. After his death nearly all the works he wrote for the Chapel were destroyed. This was the usual procedure when a maitre de musique died. His famous Mass Assumpta Est Maria has survived. Perhaps that is because it was not composed for the Chapel.
His music
Charpentier's compositions include oratorios, masses, operas, and many smaller works. He also wrote a lot of music for plays. Many of his smaller works for one or two voices and instruments he called air serieux or air a boire if they are in French, but cantata if they are in Italian.
Bibliography
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980;
1643 births
1704 deaths
17th-century French composers
Baroque composers |
Q:
macro for cmidline results in staircase
I'm doing a table with booktabs:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\crI}[2]{\cmidrule(#1){#2}}
\begin{tabular}{@{}lllll@{}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{1}{c}{} & a & b & c & d \\
%\cmidrule(lr){2-2} \cmidrule(lr){3-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-4} \cmidrule(l){5-5}
% \crI{lr}{2-2} \crI{lr}{3-3} \crI{lr}{4-4} \crI{l}{5-5}
q1 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
q2 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
I made a shortcut \crI for the underrules \cmidrule, but they result in a staircase.
With the upper line commented out, I get:
With the lower line, however, I get:
A:
\cmidrule looks ahead to see a following \cmidrule to put them on the same line, the shortcut defeats that. You could duplicate the definition and make it look ahead for \cRI but unless you are doing lots of these, that will probably take more characters than you save using the shortcut
|
Feelin' So Good is the first video album by American recording artist and actress Jennifer Lopez. It was first released in the United States on DVD and VHS on November 7, 2000 by SMV Enterprises, the home media division of Sony's music and entertainment label Sony Music Entertainment. Executively produced by Lopez alongside Cory Rooney and Benny Medina, Feelin' So Good provides a documentary-style look at the launch of Lopez's music career. With a run time of one hour, it contains a mixture of interviews, behind-the-scenes footage, music videos and live performances. The interview segments of Feelin' So Good were conducted by Lopez's sister Lynda, who interviews not only Lopez, but also her mother, Medina and her future husband Marc Anthony.
Feelin' So Good received generally favorable reviews from critics, although it was noted that it would be of no interest to those who were not fans of Lopez. It was additionally praised for showing Lopez's transition from her acting career to a music career. In the United States, Feelin' So Good was certified as a Gold Video Longform by the RIAA for shipments of 50,000 units.
Background
From a young age, Lopez's Puerto Rican parents stressed the importance of work ethic and being able to speak English. They encouraged their three daughters to put on performances at home, singing and dancing in front of each other and their friends so that they would stay "out of trouble". While attending her final year of high school, Lopez learned about a film casting that was seeking several teenage girls for small roles. She auditioned and was cast in My Little Girl (1986), an low-budget film co-written and directed by Connie Kaiserman. After she finished filming her role in the film, Lopez knew that she wanted to become a "famous movie star". She told her parents this, but they ensisted that it was a "really stupid" idea and that "no Latinos did that". Their disagreements led Lopez to move out of their family home and into an apartment in Manhattan. During this period, Lopez performed in regional productions of several musicals, before being hired for the chorus in a musical that toured Europe for five months. She was unhappy with the role, as she was the only member of the chorus not to have a solo. From there, she got a job on the show Synchronicity in Japan, where she acted as a dancer, singer and a choreographer. Lopez then gained her first regular high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on the television comedy program In Living Color. She moved to Los Angeles with then-boyfriend David Cruz to film the series and remained a regular cast member until 1993 when she decided to pursue an acting career.
After a series of co-starring film roles, Lopez received her big break came in 1996, when she was cast to play the title role in Selena, a biopic of the late American singer-songwriter Selena. In the film, Selena's real voice is used for the musical sequences in Selena, but Lopez would nonetheless sing the lyrics during the scenes instead of lip synching. When asked by an interview if Selena inspired her to launch a music career, Lopez stated: "I really, really became inspired, because I started my career in musical theater on stage. So doing the movie just reminded me of how much I missed singing, dancing, and the like..." After filming Selena, Lopez was "really feeling [her] Latin roots" and cut a demo in Spanish. Lopez's manager then sent the song, entitled "Vivir Sin Ti", to Sony Music Entertainment's Work Records, who showed an interest in signing Lopez. Tommy Mottola, the head of the label suggested to her that she sing in English instead. She complied and began recording her debut studio album On the 6.
Transition from film to music
During production of the On the 6, Lopez was aware of the fact that she received her recording contract on the premise of her looks and having an already established name in the entertainment industry, and wanted to prove that she had musical talent. Prior to the debut of her music, critics wondered why she would take the risk of launching a music career. It was noted that: "If the album was a flop, not only would it embarrass Lopez, but it might even damage her career." Lopez's debut single "If You Had My Love" was serviced to radio in the United States on May 4, 1999. The song debuted at 72 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the week of May 15, 1999, and entered the top ten two weeks later. A month after the single's release, it moved to number six, earning the "Greatest Gainer" title of the week, and reached the top spot on June 12, 1999. The song dethroned Ricky Martin's "Livin' La Vida Loca" as the number-one song in the country; this was the first time a Latin artist followed another Latin artist to the top of the chart since Gloria Estefan's "Coming Out Of The Dark" replaced Timmy T's "One More Try" in March 1991. Lopez also became the first artist to top the Billboard Hot 100 with their debut single since Britney Spears did with her single "...Baby One More Time" four months prior. "If You Had My Love" stayed atop the Billboard Hot 100 for a period of a month, and remained in the top ten until September of 1999. "If You Had My Love" was also a success internationally; topping the charts in countries including New Zealand, Australia, and Canada. The song also peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart and reached the top ten of seven other countries.
"No Me Ames", a duet with American recording artist Marc Anthony was released as a B-side to "If You Had My Love" and as the album's second single. The song was promoted by Sony Discos, who released a salsa and a ballad version of the song on their respective radio formats. The surprising success of both "If You Had My Love" and the album made the "popular actor even more popular". Both the music industry and the public became intrigued by "this woman who seemed to have so many different talents". Following the release of "If You Had My Love" and "No Me Ames", three additional singles were released. By the end of 1999, Lopez had successfully converted herself from a film star to a pop star.
Video contents
"Rather than the usual collection", Feelin' So Good provides a documentary-style look at the launch of Lopez's music career. It contains a mixture of interviews, behind-the-scenes footage, music videos and live performances. The interview footage in-between the performance segments has been described as "very slick and promotional". It was also noted that in the interview footage Lopez "comes through energetically" and without "much star-ego". The video album provides very basic information about the singer's career, rather than going too much into detail. The release has been compared to the DVD releases of Mariah Carey. Cory Rooney and Lopez acted as album executive producers of the DVD, while Lopez acted as a video executive producer, alongside Benny Medina. Jeffrey Norskog acted as a video associate producer.
Chapters overview
Feelin' So Good opens with a intertitle that features a behind-the-scenes look at Lopez during the artwork shoot for On the 6, artist's proof of said photoshoot and brief clips of the music videos to the album's five singles. In the second chapter, "Why Risk a Music Career?", Lopez is interviewed by her sister Lynda Lopez, who oversees each interview segment, about the risks of starting a music career after having an already thriving movie career. Critics believed that she was only launching a music career with an intent to expand her brand, while Lopez felt as if it was simply the "next natural step" in her career. Lopez's manager Benny Medina further discusses this, labeling her as the "ultimate" triple threat - "the actor, singer and dancer". Lopez then confers, in the chapter "Press Tours / Promotions", about the extensive promotional schedule she was on to promote the album. She examines the differences in promoting an album and a film, stating that promoting an album is more "personal" as it is something that is "closer to your heart" and something she "really believes in". According to Lopez, by the end of the promotional tour for the album she "lost" her voice from the amount of interviews she had. Following this, Lopez's performance of the Darkchild remix of "If You Had My Love" at the 1999 VH1 Fashion Awards is shown. In the fifth chapter, "Beginning of the Year", Lopez discusses her hectic schedule in the beginning of 1999; balancing film events and choosing the album's first single and shooting its music video. Lopez then goes into detail about the concept behind the music video of "If You Had My Love". Lopez's sister Lynda makes a formal introduction to the music video, as having a "special place" in her heart, and it is shown. Lopez then explains how her duet with Marc Anthony on "No Me Ames" came about and the concept of the video. Video footage is shown, as Lopez discusses her first ever live performance, with "No Me Ames", in April 1999 at Madison Square Garden alongside Marc Anthony. Following this, the official music video to "No Me Ames" is shown.
In the eleventh chapter of Feelin' So Good, appropriately entitled "First Number One Single", Lopez reveals the moment when she found out that "If You Had My Love" went number one in the United States. She then went on to discuss the events that occoured during the release week of On the 6 in "Record Release Week". Lopez then reveals how she came to record "Let's Get Loud" and her performance of the song at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup is shown. In "Jennifer's Energy", Medina discusses Lopez's ability to work at late hours of the night. Her 1999 Billboard Music Awards performance of the Hex Hector remix of "Waiting for Tonight" is then shown. Lopez then speaks of filming the music video for "Waiting for Tonight" and behind the scenes footage on set of the video is shown. She also explains how the Hex Hector remix of the song came about and the alternative music video that was created for it. A megamix video of the original and Hex Hector remix follows. The twentieth chapter, "Jennifer's Mom", is an interview with Lopez's mother discussing what was like to see Lopez on television for the first time. Lopez then discusses her surprise to the amount of fans she had and their dedication in "Fan Support". In "Working on Record", the twenty-second chapter of Feelin' So Good, Lopez discusses the process of writing and recording the album. Lopez's sister Lynda interviews her choreographer Tina Landon on what it is like to work with her, before her 1999 Blockbuster Awards performance of "If You Had My Love" is shown. Footage is then shown of Lopez "goofing around" during a photoshoot, before the music video to her song "Baila" is shown, for the very first time. In "Film Energy vs. Music Energy" Lopez compares the difference between the fans of her movies and of her music. In the final interview footage of Feelin' So Good, Lopez explains the concept behind the music video of "Feelin' So Good" and why Big Pun and Fat Joe were chosen to be featured on the song. The music video is then shown and is faded out into the end credits.
DVD bonus features
Digitally remastered with Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound, the DVD edition of Feelin' So Good contains interactive menus and instant chapter access to songs. It also contains song lyrics and a biography of Lopez in both English and Spanish, as well as an exclusive photo gallery. Additionally, the video albums contains the music videos to Lopez's songs: "If You Had My Love", "Waiting for Tonight", "No Me Ames", "Feelin' So Good" and "Baila". It also contains four live televised performances by Lopez in 1999. First is her Blockbuster Movie Awards performance of "If You Had My Love", followed by her VH1 Fashion Awards performance of the Darkchild remix of "If You Had My Love". Then, her performance at the Billboard Music Awards of the Hex Hector remix of "Waiting for Tonight" and lastly her Woman's World Cup Finale performance of "Let's Get Loud".
Release and response
Release dates and formats
Feelin' So Good was released on DVD and VHS formats in the United States on November 7, 2000 by SMV Enterprises, the home media division of Sony Corporation's music and entertainment label Sony Music Entertainment. It was then released in Canada the following week by CBS Video on DVD and VHS. In the United Kingdom, the video album received a DVD release on January 30, 2001 and a VHS release on April 30, 2001 by SMV Enterprises. Jennifer Lopez: Feelin' So Good was released on DVD in Japan on June 20, 2001 by Sony Music Records, and on DVD and VHS in France on April 8, 2002 by Sony BMG. The Region 1 cover features a black and white photo of Lopez during the photoshoot of On the 6, while the Region 2 edition features a golden hue image also taken during the photoshoot of On the 6. Feelin' So Good and Let's Get Loud were released as a two disc DVD set in France on October 20, 2003. Jennifer Lopez: Feelin' So Good was re-released on DVD in Japan on November 21, 2007.
Critical reception
Feelin' So Good received generally favorable reviews from critics. Perry Seibert of Allmusic awarded the DVD three out of five stars, commenting that fans of Lopez will "greatly enjoy this disc", but it carries little interest to the average DVD consumer. Aaron Beierle of DVD Talk stated that: "It's interesting to watch this disc after watching Lopez in The Cell. I think it's been impressive to watch her mature as an actress; although much has been made of her supposedly demanding attitude, I think she's talented as not only a singer/dancer but as a dramatic actress - I'm sure a comedic role is right around the corner". The reviewer additionally stated that the most interesting segment of the release was the "Waiting for Tonight" music video. He concluded by stating that: "Although I'm not really a big fan of her music, I do appreciate it and found it enjoyable and entertaining to listen to throughout."
Certifications |
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LIVER AFTER 8 HOURS OF PRESERVATION BY MACHINE PERFUSION.
Patients with refractory cardiac arrest, who have undergone Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) for resuscitation, but have not achieved cardiac recovery, can be considered as potential donors (Cardiac Death Donors). In such cases, it takes time to notify and obtain the principle consent of the relatives and finalize the clinical and legal documents. During this time, prior to obtaining consent for the removal of organs, ECLS can be extended. In this case, the extracorporeal circulation implies organ preservation "in situ" until the ethical, religious and organizational problems should be decided. Correspondingly, the identification of safe time terms during which the donor organs do not suffer by the changes not compatible with transplantation is extremely important. We aimed to study the morphological changes in the liver after 8 hours of extracorporeal circulation in experiments. The investigation was performed on 6 sheep with simulated cardiac arrest and undergone 8-hours extracorporeal circulation with own blood by using of new portable perfusion apparatus, made on the basis of a universal volumetric blood pump of our own design. The device was connected to the body through the femoral artery and vein with special cannulas. The biopsy of the liver was performed before the starting of perfusion, and on 4 and 8 hours of the experiment. The histological slices were stained by H&E and were assessed by standard criteria: level of steatosis (large-droplet macrovesicular steatosis [ld-MaS] and/or small-droplet macrovesicular steatosis [sd-MaS]); mononuclear portal inflammatory cell infiltrates; bile ductular proliferation; cholestasis; venous congestion; hepatocellular necrosis. Before the perfusion, no venous congestion, hepatocellular necrosis or ld-MaS were observed; Less than 3% of cells were suffered by sd-MaS; mononuclear portal inflammatory cell infiltrates were found only in several areas. Mild mixed ld-MaS and sd-MaS was found in less than 5 % and 10% of the cells accordingly on the 4 and 8 hours after in vivo Machine perfusion. Similarly the mild venous congestion was present in 1 out of 6 livers after 4-hours perfusion and in 2 out of 6 livers after 8-hours Perfusion. The number of necrotic hepatocytes and portal triads infiltrated with mononuclear cells did not exceed 10% and 15% accordingly. However, there were no differences in the degree of biliary damage - cholestasis or ductular proliferation - correlating with the terms of the experiment. Taking into the consideration all internationally accepted criteria of donor liver histological assessment, 8-hour in vivo perfusion of the liver in Cardiac Death Donors by using of the machine of own design providing the pulsatile blood flow guarantees the satisfactory preservation of liver making it useful for successful transplantation. |
Robert Swan Mueller III (; born August 7, 1944) is an American lawyer and civil servant. He was the sixth Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation from 2001 to 2013. He is a Republican. He was appointed by President George W. Bush and his original ten-year term was given a two-year extension by President Barack Obama.
Mueller is the longest-serving FBI director since J. Edgar Hoover. He is currently head of the Special Counsel investigation of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. |
Q:
Django Rest Framework : Filtering against Table Field value
I'm improving my Django Web App with Django Rest API part and I have a question according to filtering against table field value.
I have my serializer class like this :
class IndividuResearchSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer) :
class Meta :
model = Individu
fields = [
'id',
'NumeroIdentification',
'Nom',
'Prenom',
'VilleNaissance',
]
My views.py file with this class :
class IndividuResearchAPIView(ListAPIView) :
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated,)
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication,)
serializer_class = IndividuResearchSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = Individu.objects.all()
NIU = self.request.query_params.get('NumeroIdentification')
queryset = queryset.filter(NumeroIdentification=NIU)
return queryset
And my pythonic file which let to simulate connexion from another software based to API Rest :
import requests
mytoken = "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxLCJ1c2VybmFtZSI6IkFkbWluIiwiZXhwIjoxNTE5NzMxOTAxLCJlbWFpbCI6InZhbGVudGluQGRhdGFzeXN0ZW1zLmZyIiwib3JpZ19pYXQiOjE1MTk3MjgzMDF9.493NzJ4OUEzTKu5bZsZ9UafMwQZHz9pESMsYgfd0RLc"
url = 'http://localhost:8000/Api/Identification/search/'
NIU = "I-19312-00001-305563-2"
response = requests.get(url, NIU = NIU, headers={'Authorization': 'JWT {}'.format(mytoken)})
print(response.text)
I would like to enter a NIU value into my request in order to filter my table and return the object according to this NIU.
For example, in my database I have this object :
I would like to return this object thanks to my API but I don't know if my function get_queryset is well-writen and How I can write my API request.
Into my urls.py file, I have :
url(r'^search/$', IndividuResearchAPIView.as_view() , name="Research"),
So I am not making a filtering by URL.
I read these posts in order to get more element :
Django REST framework - filtering against query param
django rest framework filter
and obviously DRF doc : http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/filtering/#filtering-against-the-current-user
A:
You need to use this url to filter: http://localhost:8000/Api/Identification/search/?NumeroIdentification=NUA_value. With requests library try to pass it with params argument: response = requests.get(url, params={'NumeroIdentification': NIU}, headers={'Authorization': 'JWT {}'.format(mytoken)}).
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Gina Cheri Haspel (born October 1, 1956) is an American intelligence officer. Haspel was the 7th Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from April 26, 2018 to January 20, 2021. She was appointed by President Donald Trump. Before, she was the 6th Deputy Director of the CIA, appointed by Trump in February 2017.
On March 13, 2018, Haspel was nominated by President Trump to become the CIA Director, replacing Mike Pompeo. She is the first woman to hold the position. She was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10-5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor. She was sworn-in on May 21.
Early life
Haspel was born Gina Cheri Walker on October 1, 1956 in Ashland, Kentucky.
Haspel was a student at the University of Kentucky for three years and transferred for her senior year to the University of Louisville, where she graduated in May 1978.
Early career
Haspel joined the CIA in January 1985 as a reports officer. She held many undercover overseas positions, for many of which she was station chief. Her first field assignment was from 1987-1989 in Ethiopia, Central Eurasia, Turkey, followed by several assignments in Europe and Central Eurasia from 1990 to 2001. From 1996 to 1998, Haspel was station chief in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Deputy Director of the CIA
On February 2, 2017, President Donald Trump appointed Haspel Deputy Director of the CIA. On February 8, 2017, many members of the Senate intelligence committee asked Trump to change his appointment of Haspel as Deputy Director.
Director of the CIA (2018-2021)
On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced he would nominate Haspel to be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, replacing Mike Pompeo who was set to become the new United States Secretary of State. Haspel became the first woman to become permanent Director of the CIA.
Many people were against her nomination because of her support of torture and water boarding.
Haspel was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10-5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor. The next day, Haspel was confirmed by the full Senate, on a mostly party-line, 54-45 vote.
Personal life
Haspel married Jeff Haspel in 1976. They were divorced by 1985. Haspel lives in Ashburn, Virginia. |
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fatty acids and triglycerides within the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes of non-alcohol users. The natural history varies according to the initial histological diagnosis. A current consideration is that cryptogenic cirrhosis may be representative of a late stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which has lost its features of necroinflammatory activity and steatosis in up to 80% of patients. Since NASH is able to progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development may be an end-stage of this disease. We report below two clinical cases of patients diagnosed with NASH who developed HCC. The relationship between NAFLD and HCC is reviewed. |
Manica is a province of Mozambique. The capital city is Chimoio.
The Save River creates the southern border. There is also the Zambezi river in the northeast. The highest mountain in Mozambique, Mount Binga (2436 m), is in this province near the border with Zimbabwe.
Districts
Manica Province is divided into 12 districts:
Barue District
Chimoio District
Gondola District
Guro District
Macate District
Machaze District
Macossa District
Manica District
Mossurize District
Sussundenga District
Tambara District
Vanduzi District |
HHRMA - Various Vacancies at Ibis Styles Bali Kuta Circle
Ibis Styles Bali Kuta Circle is Four Stars Hotel centrally located in the Business area Simpang Siur, next to Bali Galleria Shopping Mall and 15 Min form the Ngurah Rai International Airport. The hotel offers 190 rooms and Family Suites with modern interior design and provides All Day Dinning Restaurant, Pool bar, Kids Club, Fitness Center, Internet Corner, Meeting Rooms as well as a Relaxing Lounge.
We are urgently required candidates Staff to fill these positions as below:
Duty Manager
Assistant Excecutive Housekeeper
Front Office Supervisor
Hotel Revenue Manager
Assitant Hotel Revenue Manager
General Requirements:
Experience at least 1-2 years In the same field
Self-driven person in dynamic environment
Active person, good personality, positive attitude, hard worker and team player |
Clash of the Titans was a concert tour that happened in September to October 1990 and May to July 1991. The main musicians for the tour were American thrash metal bands Slayer and Megadeth. The tour was made to help sell copies of the two bands' new albums, Rust in Peace and Seasons in the Abyss. The tour happened at two different times. The first was in Europe (with Testament and Suicidal Tendencies) and the second was in the United States (with Anthrax and Alice in Chains). Clash of the Titans is one of the most successful heavy metal tours ever. |
Q:
Select the first array only
I have a set of PHP arrays coming from an outside service. I only want the most recent however, how can I get this in PHP.
The Array is like this:
{"responseCode": 200, "message": "success"}
I am splitting it apart like this:
foreach ($submissions as $submissions) {
print "<p><b>" . $submissions["message"] . "</b><br>";
}
The problem is every time I do this, it returns the Message and Response Code from all of the arrays returned by my code. This is obviously due to the fact I am loping it, "for each" but how can I set this to only loop once?
A:
print "<p><b>" . $submissions[0]["message"] . "</b><br>";
without the foreach...
|
Mocoa is a city in Colombia. It is the capital of Putumayo Department.
Cities in Colombia
Capitals of Colombian departments |
The present invention relates to dehydrated hydrogels which are useful in the treatment of wounds.
A hydrogel is a cross-linked macromelecular network swollen with water or biological fluids. A dehydrated hydrogel is a cross-linked macro-molecular network that will swell to form a hydrogel upon contact with water or biological fluids. Due to their xe2x80x98dehydratedxe2x80x99 condition, dehydrated hydrogels are easy to store and transport. In addition, when applied in the dry state to a wound they behave as superabsorbent materials.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a dehydrated hydrogel incorporating a plasticiser and fibres which have provided cations for cross-linking the dehydrated hydrogel.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a dehydrated hydrogel comprising dispersing fibres into an aqueous solution of a hydrogel precursor material incorporating a plasticiser, the fibres incorporating cations which are capable of cross-linking said precursor material to form a hydrogel, and evaporating water to produce a dehydrated hydrogel which incorporates said fibres, the dehydrated hydrogel being cross-linked by said cations.
The dehydrated hydrogel may be in the form of a film having a thickness of, for example, 20 microns to 1 mm.
The dehydrated hydrogels of the invention have a number of advantages. In particular, the presence of the fibres imparts strength and dimensional stability to the dehydrated hydrogel. Furthermore films of the dehydrated hydrogels have the property of swelling in only the thickness dimensions and not in the other two dimensions (as compared to films of conventional dehydrated hydrogels which swell in all three dimensions).
Typically, dehydrated hydrogels in accordance with the invention will comprise (based on the total weight of the fibres, polymer forming the hydrogel, and plasticiser, i.e. excluding water and other components) 15 to 40% by weight of fibres, 10 to 35% by weight of polymer, and 5 to 75% plasticiser. More preferably the fibres and polymer together provide about 40-60% ideally about 50% by weight on the same weight basis so that correspondingly the plasticiser provides 60-40%, ideally about 50%. Generally the amount of fibres will exceed the amount of polymer. For example the weight ratio may be 1.5-3:1. Typically the dehydrated hydrogel will contain less than 50% by weight of water, ideally less than 20%, based on the total weight of the dehydrated hydrogel.
Examples of hydrogel precursor material which may be used include sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium pectinate, sodium O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCC), sodium N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), sodium polyacrylate, and naturally occurring gums and synthetic polymers containing pendant carboxylic acid groups.
The hydrogel precursor may consist wholly or partially of acemannan (or other component of Alloe Vera) which is a natural polymer known to accelerate healing of wounds. The acemannan may, for example, provide up to 80% of the matrix. The acemannan may be clinical grade material obtainable from Carrington Laboratories, Dallas, Tex., U.S.A.
The fibres which are used contain a di- or higher valent cation which is effective for cross-linking the hydrogel. Examples of suitable cations include Ca2+, Zn2+, and cations which also act as enzyme cofactors. Particular preferred examples of fibres which may be used are calcium alginate fibres. The fibres will generally have a length of 1 to 80 mm and a thickness of 10 to 50 microns.
The fibres may be such that they absorb water from the aqueous solution of the hydrogel precursor material during manufacture of the dehydrated hydrogel.
Examples of suitable plasticisers include glycerol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol and similar sugars, and PLURONIC(copyright) brand PEO/PPO polymers.
In a typical method of preparing a dehydrated hydrogel in accordance with the invention, the fibres, polymer and plasticiser in their relative requisite amounts are admixed with water such that the fibres, polymer and plasticiser together provide less than 5% by weight (e.g. less than 3%, e.g. 2%) of the resultant mixture. After thorough mixing, the dispersion may be cast to an appropriate thickness and water evaporated to give a dehydrated hydrogel product containing less than 50% water, more usually 20% or less.
Dehydrated hydrogels in accordance with the invention have a number of advantages. In particular when applied to the wounds (e.g. donor sites, abrasions, dermabrasions, surface wounds with high exudate or wide savings in exudate levels) they are capable of absorbing large amounts of exudate, e.g. up to 30 times their own weight, thereby rehydrating to form a hydrogel. If the dehydrated hydrogel is in the form of a film, it is found that the film swells in the thickness dimension without substantial swelling in the other two dimensions. Upon sufficient absorption of exudate, the film is capable of dissolving. The product of the invention is more absorbent than current commercial hydrogels, and is also light and easy to package.
Dehydrated hydrogels in accordance with the invention may be laminated to hydrophilic films which have an increased breathability in the presence of liquid water as compared to moisture vapour alone. The use of such a film over the dehydrated hydrogel (i.e. on the side remote from the wound) ensures that water is vented from the dehydrated hydrogel through the film. Therefore the dissolution of the hydrogel may be controlled.
Typically the breathable film will be of a material which, as a 50 micron film, has an Moisture Vapor Transfer Rate in the presence of moisture vapour alone of 6,000 to 10,000 g mxe2x88x922 24 hrxe2x88x921 as measured by ASTM E96B and an MVTR in the presence of liquid water (as measured by ASTM E96BW) of 6,000 to 10,000 g mxe2x88x922 24 hrxe2x88x921. Typically the breathable film will have a thickness of 30-70 microns, more preferably 40-60 microns, e.g. about 50 microns.
The breathable film may for example be of polyurethane. Suitable films are available from Innovative Technologies Limited under the designations IT325, IT425 and IT625.
If desired, the dehydrated hydrogel may incorporate an active agent (e.g. an antimicrobial material) for delivery to a wound. |
Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (meaning Burgundy-Free County) is one of the administrative regions of France. It is in eastern France and was formed in 2016 from two old regions: Bourgogne and Franche-Comte.
Its capital is Besancon.
Geography
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region is the sixth largest region of France with an area of . It is in northeastern France and borders to the north with the Grand Est region, to the west with Ile-de-France and Centre-Val de Loire regions, to the south with the Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes region, and to the east with Switzerland (the cantons of Vaud, Neuchatel and Jura).
The distances from Besancon, the capital of the region, to other cities are:
Paris, the national capital, ;
Bordeaux, ;
Toulouse, ;
Marseille, ;
Lyon, ;
Montpellier, ;
Nice, .
Rivers
The main rivers in the region are the Saone and its tributary the Doubs. The Loire river flows through the southwest of the region, at Nevers. The Seine river starts in the Cote-d'Or department.
Mountains
There are three main mountain ranges in the region:
The Vosges Mountains are in the northeast of the region and its highest point in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte is Ballon de Servance, high.
The Jura Mountains are along the eastern limits; here is Cret Pela, the highest point in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte with .
The Morvan mountains are in the centre of the western part; it highest point is Haut-Folin, high.
The Cret Pela (), at , is the highest mountain of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region. It is in the Jura mountain range.
The highest point of the different departments in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region are:
Departments
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region is formed by 8 departments:
Arr. = Arrondissements Cant. = Cantons Comm. = Communes
Demographics
The Bourgogne-Franche-Comte region had, in 2014, a population of 2,820,623, for a population density of inhabitants/km2. The department with more people living in it is Saone-et-Loire with 555,788 inhabitants.
After the Territoire de Belfort, the smallest department in the region, Doubs is the department with highest population density (102 inhabitants/km2). The density in the other departments is lower.
Gallery
Related pages
Burgundy
Franche-Comte
Regions of France |
Aldol-type compounds from water-soluble indole-3,4-diones: synthesis, kinetics, and antiviral properties.
A straightforward transformation of indole-3,4-diones is reported. The reaction feasibility is evidenced by kinetic studies on a model substrate, revealing a double phase process with a first faster pseudo-first-order step (i.e., deprotonation of the dione and self-nucleophilic attack of the anion) and a subsequent slower dehydration of the intermediate. The overall process is faster at pH higher than the pK value of the investigated substrate. The biological relevance of new compounds has been assessed in vitro against herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1), showing a more promising biological profile with respect to their precursors. |
High on Fire is an American heavy metal band. It was started by guitar player Matt Pike. He used to be in the band Asleep. The band has released 4 albums.
Discography
Studio albums |
-ase
The suffix -ase is used in biochemistry to form names of enzymes. The most common way to name enzymes is to add this suffix onto the end of the substrate, e.g. an enzyme that breaks down peroxides may be called peroxidase; the enzyme that produces telomeres is called telomerase. Sometimes enzymes are named for the function they perform, rather than substrate, e.g. the enzyme that polymerizes (assembles) DNA into strands is called polymerase; see also reverse transcriptase.
The commonly used -ase suffix for naming enzymes was derived from the name diastase.
See also
Amylase
DNA polymerase
Category:Chemistry suffixes
Category:Biological nomenclature
Category:Greek suffixes |
1. Favoritner FC Vorwarts 06 Wien was a Austrian football club from the Favoriten district of Vienna.
History
The club was founded on 4 December 1906 as the Sportclub Favoritner Vorwarts. The club colors were set with black and white. Role models were the district neighbors ASV Hertha Vienna and SpC Rudolfshugel. For the championship, the club was classified in the 2nd class. In the first official championship season in 1911/12, the club finished in good fifth place. With the outbreak of the First world war in 1914, they stopped because most of the players were drafted into military service.
Immediately after the end of the war, former players and officials got together in 1918 to reactivate the club. The club was also renamed 1. Favoritner FC Vorwarts 06 Vienna. In the 1919/20 season they came back into the 2nd Class, but only came last and were relegated to the Third Class North. After two seasons in this class they became champion and should be promoted to 2. Class A. Due to accusation that the club had used unauthorized players and that witnesses close to him had made false statements, 1. FFC Vorwarts 06 was excluded from the association. After clarification of this matter,Vorwarts was allowed to play again in the 2nd class south in the 1923/24 season.
The next years became an integral part of the second class. In the 1941/42 season they came second behind the BSG Reichsbahn I. The next season they became champion but had to play two relegation matches versus SC Austria Donauarbeiter. With an score of 5:2 Vorwarts had qualified for the promotion round to the Gauliga. In the promotion round itself two victories against the Fussballgemeinschaft Salzburg and a draw against SK Amateure Steyr were only enough for second place behind Steyer.
In the 1945/46 season they qualified for the 1st class in Vienna, from which the Favoritner were relegated in the following season. After years in the lower classes the game operation was stopped in 2014. |
Teen charged with DUI after livestreaming deadly car crash
Obdula Sanchez was livestreaming herself singing while driving with her sister and another teen — then, after a horrific crash, she turned the video back on to record her sister's death
This July 22, 2017, photo provided by the Merced County Sheriff, shows Obdulia Sanchez in Merced, Calif. Sanchez has been arrested in California on suspicion of causing a deadly crash that she recorded live on Instagram. She was booked into the Merced County Jail on suspicion of DUI and vehicular manslaughter after Friday's crash that killed her 14-year-old sister and badly injured another 14-year-old girl.Merced County Sheriff via AP
Obdulia Sanchez aimed the camera phone at her face as she rapped along to the song blaring over the radio and tried to control the car she was driving on a road in California’s Central Valley.
Then came tragedy, live-streamed in a horrifying Instagram video.
The California Highway Patrol told Fox affiliate KTXL that 18-year-old Sanchez lost control of her 2003 Buick, drove off the edge of the road and then overcorrected. The car crashed into a barbed-wire fence and flipped over in a field, according to ABC affiliate KFSN.
Sanchez’s 14-year-old sister, Jacqueline, and another teen girl — who were in the back seat and were not wearing seat belts — were ejected from the tumbling car.
“Hey, everybody, if I go to %$^& jail for life, you already know why,” she began, adjusting the camera so that it showed her younger sister, motionless and bleeding from the head.
My sister is %#@&^ dying. Look, I f&^% love my sister to death
“My sister is %#@&^ dying. Look, I f&^% love my sister to death. I don’t give a *@#$. Man, we about to die. This is the last thing I wanted to happen to us, but it just did. Jacqueline, please wake up.” |
Peace is a time without any fights or wars. In a larger sense, peace (or peacefulness) can mean a state of harmony, quiet or calm that is not disturbed by anything at all, like a still pond with no ripples.
Many people and organizations want peace. One organization that was set up to bring peace among the nations and try to make war a thing of the past was the League of Nations after World War I. When it did not stop World War II, it was replaced by the United Nations which tries to make the world peaceful. This means that if any member is attacked or invaded by another country without attacking that country first, the other members will come to help the country that was attacked first. This idea was used by the United Nations to defend both South Korea and Kuwait when they were attacked.
Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote in a letter he sent from the Birmingham jail that, "True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice." In other words, Real peace is more than just problems being gone: there must be fairness to have peace.
Alfred Nobel created an annual award, the Nobel Peace Prize, for the person who had done the most to bring peace to the world.
Religious beliefs and peace
Buddhists think that peace can be gotten once all suffering ends.To get rid of suffering and get this peace, many try to follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths
Jews and Christians believe that true peace comes from a personal relationship with God. Jesus Christ (also called the "Prince of Peace" in the Book of Isaiah) said: "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid." ()
Muslims follow Prophet Muhammad who teaches them that peace is the glue that holds communities together and sustains the world.
Inner peace
Inner peace (or peace of mind) refers to a state of being mentally and spiritually at peace, with enough knowledge and understanding to keep oneself strong in the face of stress. Being "at peace" is considered by many to be healthy and the opposite of being stressed or anxious. Peace of mind is generally associated with bliss and happiness.
Peace of mind, serenity, and calmness are descriptions of a disposition free from the effects of stress. In some cultures, inner peace is considered a state of consciousness or enlightenment that may be cultivated by various forms of training, such as prayer, meditation, Tai chi chuan or yoga, for example. Many spiritual practices refer to this peace as an experience of knowing oneself.
Movements and activism
Peace movement
A movement that seeks to get ideals such as the ending of a particular war, minimize inter-human violence in a particular place or type of situation, often linked to the goal of achieving world peace. Means to achieve these ends usually include advocacy of pacifism, non-violent resistance, conscientious objector, diplomacy, boycotts, moral purchasing, supporting anti-war political candidates, demonstrations, and lobbying to create legislation on human rights or of international law.
Theories on peace
Many different theories of "peace" exist in the world of peace studies, which involves the study of conflict transformation. The definition of "peace" can vary with religion, culture, or subject of study.
Peace is a state of balance and understanding in yourself and between others, where respect is gained by the acceptance of differences, tolerance persists, conflicts are resolved through dialog, people's rights are respected and their voices are heard, and everyone is at their highest point of serenity without social tension. |
Not even in Spain have I encountered a dining room as opulent yet breezy as this one, another success story from Fabio Trabocchi, best known for his Italian gifts to the city — but none more seductive than Del Mar. Consider the maritime name a prompt to try diced raw tuna on clear tomato jelly garnished with tiny sea beans. Or a crock of shrimp that arrives in a haze of garlic and chiles. Definitely slide a spoon into paella stained black with squid ink and decked out with wild calamari, smoky from the grill. Really, though, almost everything that exits the open kitchen deserves applause, be it house-baked bread slathered with striking-red crushed tomatoes, creamy golden fritters capped with stamps of Iberico ham or a wedge of tender potato omelet ringed with dots of saffron aioli. Trabocchi and his wife and business partner, Maria, populate the restaurant with some of the sharpest waiters in town, offer the most beautiful private rooms and tend to guests’ comfort with niceties such as pashmina shawls in cold weather.
Few chefs enjoy the Midas touch of Fabio Trabocchi, whose see-and-be-seen Italian restaurants around Washington come with the advantage of terrific menus and top-flight service. The chef’s latest hit takes place on the Wharf and pays homage to the cooking of Spain, the origin of his equally savvy wife and business partner, Maria. Your first impression: What a sumptuous space! No matter where your eyes settle, there’s some fascinating detail to hold your gaze: the fish-shaped sculpture above your head, the hand-painted ceramic tiles beneath your feet or a server torching the bottom of a spoon of spreadable salami, to bring up its spicy flavor. Then the food starts flowing from the visible kitchen, which includes a dedicated paella stove, and your attention is fixed on such riches (and rich they are) as blushing lamb chops arranged with fried artichokes and creamy Manchego sauce. I knew that spring had truly sprung when I saw a classic potato omelet arranged with wild ramps and dabs of aioli, pale green with the season’s garlic. Every aspect of a meal puts the customer first, from the leather banquettes that support leisurely meals to leftovers that are retrieved from the host stand. Office mates might envy you your cuttlefish stew with sweet scallops and bright herbs the next day. Then again, they might also covet your having scored a reservation at one of the best restaurants, in one of the most exciting neighborhoods, in the entire region.
One involves a variation on “awesome.” Whatever the exact word, it applies not just to the food, which is frequently luscious, but to the frisson in the dining room and the finesse of the staff.
Sure to follow in any review, verbal or otherwise, is mention of cost. In typical Trabocchi fashion, the chef’s first deviation from Italian cooking is a pricey proposition. Even brunch can cost $100 a head (well, if the heads in question consume alcohol and order paella, one of Del Mar’s signature dishes).
Let me be clear. Even if I wasn’t the beneficiary of someone’s generosity, or on an expense account, I’d save up for a meal here. In the three months since Del Mar has set sail, the restaurant has emerged as yet another example of why Washington is among the best cities in the nation for fine dining. Great ingredients and chic decor explain part of the story; a sense of commitment and a pride in doing everything just so make equally compelling impressions.
Trabocchi does nothing halfway. Check out one of the lures at his raw bar. Three briny oysters from Prince Edward Island rest atop a fanciful, snail-shaped silver bowl filled with ice, garnished with seaweed and set on a gold place mat — the Mar-a-Lago of oyster presentations. The specimens are lovely on their own, but they pick up a smoky allure with the addition of some of the house-made hot sauce, coaxed from saffron and paprika, served on the side. The pleasure is fleeting, albeit first-class. As soon as the silver bowl is removed, a hot towel scented with fresh rosemary takes its place.
The chorizo burger comes on a squid-ink-tinted bun. (Scott Suchman/For The Washington Post)
Just as detailed is any order for charcuterie. As much as I love hand-cut slices of jamon Iberico, from pigs fed a diet of acorns, an ounce of the treat goes for $26. More affordable, and just as much of a kick, is two ounces of sobrasada for $14. A specialty of Mallorca, home to Trabocchi’s wife and business partner, Maria, the spreadable cured pork sausage is rolled out on a cart in a “bowl” of the sausage casing. The meat is the color of fire, the texture of pâté and shot through with smoked paprika. An attendant heats one of two spoons with a small blowtorch, so we can taste the difference between hot and room-temperature sobrasada. If you like the Italian ’nduja, you’ll appreciate its Spanish equivalent, especially as it’s offered here, with grilled bread drizzled with chestnut honey. Restraint, thy name ... isn’t mine.
The menu is front-loaded with appetizers, hot and cold tapas that reveal some of the kitchen’s best work. Friends who text me for recommendations are encouraged to splurge on the foie gras torchon studded with membrillo (quince paste) and eaten on crisp bread with red onion jam, and the creamy chestnut soup ennobled with both lobster and a froth of sherry-laced “cappuccino.” Common-sounding tapas exit the kitchen tasting like a million bucks, which is another way of saying black truffle aioli (and black trumpet mushrooms) advance the cause of Del Mar’s refined take on the tortilla, a classic potato omelet.
Del Mar — “the sea” in Spanish — makes a delicious case for octopus, cooked low and slow so that the skin takes on a pleasant gelatinous quality, then served on a zesty bed of crushed, olive oil-enriched potatoes. Diners who shy away from octopus because they’ve suffered through mushy or coarse flesh will be pleased to find neither here.
Espelette pepper. Paprika. Much of the food at Del Mar relies on those and other quietly riveting seasonings. Consider the charcoal-kissed lamb chop, ringed with olive sauce and accompanied by a sweet pepper swollen with shredded braised lamb mixed with Manchego.
Karla Ventura serves paella. (Scott Suchman/For The Washington Post)
Don’t tell José Andrés, but Del Mar dishes up the choicest paella right now. Made on a dedicated stovetop with short-grain bomba rice, the dish, apportioned for two or more, comes in four flavors and stripes of aioli. Wild mushrooms and thick slices of blood sausage draw me most in winter; near-raw duck breast, a foul underscored with pockets of salt, marred the only paella I wouldn’t want to repeat.
Restaurants of all stripes feel compelled to offer a burger on their lunch menus, and Del Mar is no different — except, of course, that it gives the American totem a decidedly Spanish spin, with a patty shaped from racy chorizo and fatty pork shoulder and with a slathering of aioli instead of mustard or ketchup. The brioche bun? It’s black, from squid ink, seemingly every chef’s paint of choice these days. The real charm of the construction are ringlets of perfectly fried squid between patty and bun that give the sandwich delightful lift. Then again, the spear of anchovy, green olive and pickled guindilla pepper that holds the mouthful together is fun, too, a nod to Spain’s beloved pintxos bars, where the bold threesome is known as a Gilda (pronounced heel-da).
The contemporary main dining room is set off with an acrylic, fish-shaped chandelier, a sea of blue tiles and a fleet of servers who appear to be styled by GQ or Vogue, plus the bonus of an exhibition kitchen under the guidance of executive chef Alex Rosser, the former chef de cuisine of Fiola in Penn Quarter. But I’ve come to prefer the Old World-suggestive veranda, soothing in green, with wicker chairs and windows facing the wharf’s boats and passersby.
The bar at Del Mar. (Scott Suchman/For The Washington Post)
Wildly popular since Day 1, Del Mar, like Fiola Mare, the Trabocchis’ Italian seafood restaurant in Georgetown, is already a VIP magnet. The strain of success, the burden of popularity, reveal occasional lapses. On the night the president of the Republic of Kazakhstan and his entourage swarmed the private dining room on the second floor, I couldn’t help but think the group was being attended to at the expense of those of us below; some waited so long for our entrees, it felt like Ken Burns might have been producing dinner. And I couldn’t help but feel I was being taken advantage of the night I asked for a red to accompany the duck paella and a server returned with “a Rioja that tastes like a Burgundy” that was double the price of the white wine that had preceded it. (No, I didn’t give him a cutoff point, but the first wine should have given him some direction. Note to self: Talk numbers the next time wine is being discussed.)
The infrequent misses aside, Del Mar is not merely the best restaurant on the Southwest Waterfront, it’s among the city’s finest restaurants to emerge all last year. Like space travel and time to read Ron Chernow’s “Grant,” a meal here is a luxury. Hope that someone else is picking up the check.
Tom SietsemaTom Sietsema has been The Washington Post's food critic since 2000. He previously worked for the Microsoft Corp., where he launched sidewalk.com; the Seattle Post-Intelligencer; the San Francisco Chronicle; and the Milwaukee Journal. He has also written for Food & Wine. Follow |
Gwak Kyung-Keun (born 10 October 1972) is a South Korean professional athlete. He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Korean national team.
Club career statistics
|-
|1995||Urawa Red Diamonds||||||
|-
|1996||rowspan="2"|Fukushima FC||||||
|-
|1997||||||
|-
|1998||rowspan="5"|Bucheon SK||rowspan="5"|K-League||30||9
|-
|1999||36||13
|-
|2000||39||9
|-
|2001||29||2
|-
|2002||21||3
|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Busan I'cons||rowspan="2"|K-League||27||0
|-
|2004||24||0
206||36
206||36
|}
International career statistics
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|} |
Directory of leisure activities
Activity is intense along the coast, rivers and lakes. Catamarans, sailing dinghies, surfboard, surfing, canoeing, rowing ... The directory of boating and leisure activities provided by Boating in Brittany is here to help you. Look up the sailing club’s details and savour the pleasures of navigation. |
The End-Triassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods, 201.3 million years ago. However, many of the extinctions occurred before then in the Upper Triassic.
Overall, this was one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon. It profoundly affected life on land and in the oceans. At least half the species now known to have been living on Earth at that time became extinct. It was a series of extinctions when life was hit by volcanic events.
A whole class, the conodonts (extinct chordates); 20% of all marine families; all large crurotarsans (non-dinosaurian archosaurs); some remaining therapsids; and many of the large amphibians such as the temnospondyls were wiped out.
The event emptied many ecological niches, and allowed the dinosaurs to take over the dominant roles in the Jurassic period. This event happened in less than 10,000 years, and occurred just before Pangaea started to break apart.
Scientists have suggested several explanations for this event, but all have unanswered challenges:
Asteroid impact: no known impact crater has been dated to coincide with the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.
Gradual climate change or sea-level fluctuations during the Upper Triassic. Sea level was low at the end of the Triassic, and the climate on Pangaea was arid. However, this does not explain the suddenness of the extinctions.
Massive volcanic eruptions would release carbon dioxide, which would cause intense global warming, or sulfur dioxide and aerosols, which would cause severe cooling. The flood basalts of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) occurred at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary. This is the favoured explanation of several palaeontologists.
Recent evidence
A recent paper in PNAS shows fairly clearly that mass volcanism was involved. It was probably the primary cause of the extinction. Mercury is present in volcanic rocks found at the end-Triassic boundary.
Mercury is emitted in gaseous form during volcanism, and deposited in sediments. The paper says "Such episodic volcanism likely perturbed the global environment over a long time and strongly delayed ecological recovery". |
package io.github.privacystreams.utils;
import android.app.AlarmManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.SystemClock;
/**
* A scheduler based on alarm manager.
*/
public abstract class AlarmScheduler {
private PendingIntent mAlarmIntent;
private AlarmManager am;
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver;
private Context ctx;
public AlarmScheduler(Context ctx, String actionToken) {
this.ctx = ctx;
am = (AlarmManager) ctx.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
mAlarmIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(ctx, 0, new Intent(actionToken), 0);
mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
run();
}
};
ctx.registerReceiver(mReceiver, new IntentFilter(actionToken));
}
protected abstract void run();
public final void schedule(long delayMillis) {
am.set(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME_WAKEUP, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + delayMillis, mAlarmIntent);
}
public final void destroy() {
am.cancel(mAlarmIntent);
ctx.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);
}
}
|
David Ryan Adams (born November 5, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He was a member of the alternative country band Whiskeytown. His first solo album, Heartbreaker, was released in 2000.
Adams was born in Jacksonville, North Carolina.
Studio albums
Heartbreaker (2000)
Gold (2001)
Demolition (2002)
Rock n Roll (2003)
Love Is Hell (2004)
Cold Roses (2005)
Jacksonville City Nights (2005)
29 (2005)
Easy Tiger (2007)
Cardinology (2008)
Orion (2010)
III/IV (2010)
Ashes & Fire (2011)
Ryan Adams (2014)
1989 (2015)
Prisoner (2017)
Wednesdays (2020) |
Implications of radiotherapeutical techniques.
Radiotherapy is implicated when reconstruction of the breast is to be made because sclerosis and skin atrophy with telangiectasies must be avoided. This can be achieved by the use of high energy radiation of 60Co and electrons of the linear accelerator, keeping in mind that the postoperative treatment of the disease needs the application of doses ranging from 4,000 to 5,000 rads delivered in 4 to 5 weeks. |
Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917 - July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist. He made many important discoveries in modern organic chemistry. He worked on the synthesis and structure of complex natural products. He worked closely with Roald Hoffmann on the theory of chemical reactions. Woodward won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 1965.
Early life and education
Woodward was born in Boston, Massachusetts. When he was one year old, his father died in the influenza pandemic of 1918.
He was interested in chemistry at an early age. By the time he entered high school, he had already done most of the experiments in Ludwig Gattermann's textbook of experimental organic chemistry. In 1928, Woodward asked the Consul-General of the German consulate in Boston, to send him copies of a few original papers published in German journals. He was fascinated to read Otto Diels and Kurt Alder's original communication about the Diels-Alder reaction.
In 1933, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but did not do well enough to continue. MIT readmitted him in 1935, and by 1936 he had received the Bachelor of Science degree. Only one year later, MIT awarded him the doctorate. This was very unusual at the time, because most MIT students earned only a Bachelor of Science degree after four years. Woodward's studies were about the synthesis of the female sex hormone estrone, a natural type of estrogen. He held a Junior Fellowship at Harvard University from 1937 to 1938, and stayed at Harvard for the rest of his life. In the 1960s, Woodward was named Donner Professor of Science, a post which allowed him to spend all his time on research.
Early work
In the early 1940s Wooward was using ultraviolet spectroscopy to discover the structure of natural products. Woodward collected a large amount of information, and then worked out a series of rules, later called the Woodward's rules. These rules could be used to find out the structures of new natural products, as well as non-natural synthesized molecules. Woodward was always quick to use newly developed techniques. Woodward's discovery saved chemists from spending a lot of time using chemical methods to work out the structures of compounds.
In 1944 Woodward and William von Eggers Doering reported the synthesis of the alkaloid quinine, used to treat malaria. The synthesis was a breakthrough, as quinine was hard to get from Japanese occupied southeast Asia. In fact, Woodward's method could not be used on a practical scale, but it was a landmark for chemical synthesis. Organic synthesis was still largely a matter of trial and error, and nobody thought such complex structures could actually be constructed. Woodward showed that organic synthesis could be made into a science. Woodward's synthesis of quinine was the first of many of his very complicated and elegant syntheses.
Later work and its impact
By the 1930s, the British chemists Christopher Ingold and Robert Robinson among others had studied the mechanisms of organic reactions. They had come up with rules which could predict reactivity of organic molecules. Woodward was probably the first synthetic organic chemist who used these rules to predict what steps would work in a synthesis.
Organic syntheses and Nobel Prize
During the late 1940s, Woodward synthesized many complex natural products including quinine, cholesterol, cortisone, strychnine, lysergic acid, reserpine, chlorophyll, cephalosporin, and colchicine. With these, Woodward opened up a new era of synthesis, sometimes called the 'Woodwardian era'. He showed that natural products could be synthesized by careful applications of the principles of physical organic chemistry, and by very careful planning.
Many of Woodward's syntheses were described as spectacular by his colleagues. Before he did them, some people thought it would be impossible to create these substances in the lab. Woodward's syntheses were also described as having an element of art in them, and since then, synthetic chemists have always looked for elegance as well as utility in synthesis. His work also involved the exhaustive use of the then newly developed techniques of infrared spectroscopy and later, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Another important feature of Woodward's syntheses was their attention to stereochemistry or the particular configuration of molecules in three dimensional space. Most natural products of medicinal importance are effective, for example as drugs, only when they possess a specific stereochemistry. This creates the demand for 'stereospecific synthesis', producing a compound with a defined stereochemistry. Woodward was a pioneer in showing how one could conduct reactions that were stereospecific. Many of his syntheses involved forcing a molecule into a certain configuration by installing rigid structural elements in it, another tactic that has become standard today. In this regard, especially his syntheses of reserpine and strychnine were landmarks.
During World War II, Woodward was an advisor to the War Production Board on the penicillin project.
Woodward also applied the technique of infrared spectroscopy and chemical degradation to determine the structures of complicated molecules. Notable among these structure determinations were santonic acid, strychnine, magnamycin and terramycin. About terramycin, Woodward's colleague and Nobel Laureate Derek Barton said:
"The most brilliant analysis ever done on a structural puzzle was surely the solution (1953) of the terramycin problem. It was a problem of great industrial importance, and hence many able chemists had performed an enormous amount of work trying to determine the structure. There seemed to be too much data to resolve the problem, because a significant number of observations, although experimentally correct, were very misleading. Woodward took a large piece of cardboard, wrote on it all the facts and, by thought alone, deduced the correct structure for terramycin. Nobody else could have done that at the time."
In each one of these cases, Woodward again showed how rational facts and chemical principles, combined with chemical intuition, could be used to achieve the task.
In the early 1950s, Woodward, and British chemist Geoffrey Wilkinson, proposed a structure for ferrocene, a compound consisting of a combination of an organic molecule with iron. This marked the beginning of the field of transition metal organometallic chemistry. The field later grew which grew to be important to the chemical industry. Wilkinson won the Nobel Prize for this work in 1973, with Ernst Otto Fischer. Some historians think that Woodward should have shared this prize along with Wilkinson. Woodward himself thought so, and voiced his thoughts in a letter sent to the Nobel Committee.
Woodward won the Nobel Prize in 1965 for his synthesis of complex organic molecules. In his Nobel lecture, he described the total synthesis of the antibiotic cephalosporin, and claimed that he had pushed the synthesis schedule so that it would be completed around the time of the Nobel ceremony.
B12 synthesis and Woodward-Hoffmann rules
In the early 1960s, Woodward began work on what was the most complex natural product synthesized to date- vitamin B12. In a remarkable collaboration with his colleague Albert Eschenmoser in Zurich, a team of almost one hundred students and postdoctoral workers worked for many years on the synthesis of this molecule. The work was finally published in 1973, and it marked a landmark in the history of organic chemistry. The synthesis included almost a hundred steps, and involved the rigorous planning and analyses that had always characterised Woodward's work. This work, more than any other, convinced organic chemists that the synthesis of any complex substance was possible, given enough time and planning. However, as of 2006, no other total synthesis of Vitamin B12 has been published.
That same year, based on observations that Woodward had made during the B12 synthesis, he and Roald Hoffmann devised rules (now called the Woodward-Hoffmann rules) for elucidating the stereochemistry of the products of organic reactions. Woodward based his ideas on his experiences as a synthetic organic chemist; he asked Hoffman to perform theoretical calculations to verify the ideas. This was done using Hoffmann's Extended Huckel method. The predictions of these rules were verified by many experiments. Hoffmann shared the 1981 Nobel Prize for this work along with Kenichi Fukui, a Japanese chemist who had done similar work using a different approach. Woodward had died two years before and so was not eligible to share this Prize.
A recent paper in the journal Nature describes how mechanical stress can be used to reshape chemical reaction pathways to lead to products that apparently violate Woodward-Hoffman rules.
Woodward Institute and later life
While at Harvard, Woodward took on the directorship of the
Woodward Research Institute, based at Basel, Switzerland in 1963. He also became a trustee of his alma mater, MIT, from 1966 to 1971, and of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel.
Woodward died in Cambridge, Massachusetts from a heart attack in his sleep. At the time, he was working on the synthesis of an antibiotic, erythromycin. A student of his said:
"I owe a lot to Woodward. He showed me that one could attack difficult problems without a clear idea of their outcome, but with confidence that intelligence and effort would solve them. He showed me the beauty of modern organic chemistry, and the relevance to the field of detailed careful reasoning. He showed me that one does not need to specialize. Woodward made great contributions to the strategy of synthesis, to the deduction of difficult structures, to the invention of new chemistry, and to theoretical aspects as well. He taught his students by example the satisfaction that comes from total immersion in our science. I treasure the memory of my association with this remarkable chemist."
Publications
During his lifetime, Woodward authored or coauthored almost 200 publications, of which 85 are full papers. The remainder comprising preliminary communications, the text of lectures, and reviews. The pace of his scientific activity soon outstripped his capacity to publish all experimental details, and much of the work in which he participated was not published until a few years after his death. Woodward trained more than two hundred Ph.D. students and postdoctoral workers, many of whom later went on to distinguished careers.
Idiosyncracies
His lectures were legendary and frequently used to last for three or four hours. [His longest known lecture defined the unit of time known as the "Woodward", and thereafter his other lectures were deemed to be so many "milli-Woodwards" long!] In many of these, he eschewed the use of slides and used to draw beautiful structures by using multicolored chalk. As a result, it was always easy to take good notes at a Woodward lecture. Typically, to begin a lecture, Woodward would arrive and lay out two large white handkerchiefs on the countertop. Upon one would be four or five colors of chalk (new pieces), neatly sorted by color, in a long row. Upon the other handkerchief would be placed an equally impressive row of cigarettes. The previous cigarette would be used to light the next one. His famous Thursday seminars at Harvard often lasted well into the night. He had a fixation with blue, and all his suits, his car, and even his parking space were coloured in blue. In one of his laboratories, his students hung a large black and white photograph of the master from the ceiling, complete with a large blue "tie" appended. There it hung for some years (early 1970s), until scorched in a minor laboratory fire. He detested exercise, could get along with only a few hours of sleep every night, was a heavy smoker, and enjoyed Scotch whisky and a martini or two. Hoffmann would correspond with Woodward using blue paper. |
// build-pass
// compile-flags: --crate-type lib -C opt-level=0
// Regression test for LLVM crash affecting Emscripten targets
pub fn foo() {
(0..0).rev().next();
}
|
The political status of Taiwan is a difficult situation that many people disagree about. There are two countries in the world that call themselves China. The People's Republic of China (PRC) is the country most people think of when they hear the name China. The Republic of China (ROC) also calls itself China. It is better known in most of the world as Taiwan.
Taiwan was a part of China for thousands of years. After the First Sino-Japanese War, Taiwan and Penghu was illegally taken by Japan. After World War II, the Japanese gave up any claim to Taiwan, but did not say who they were giving control to. At the time, the Republic of China governed all of China, and represented China in the United Nations. After losing a civil war in 1949, the ROC government fled to the island of Taiwan, leaving the PRC to control mainland China. The PRC says it owns the island of Taiwan (which is also known as Taiwan province) and the other islands. The ROC says that it was--and is--the rightful government of China, including mainland China, Taiwan, and Mongolia. In 1971, the ROC lost its United Nations seat as China. The seat was given to the PRC instead. This made the PRC the recognized government of China internationally. The major problems are about whether Taiwan is a part of the PRC or should be an independent country.
Current status
Today, the ROC (Taiwan) is a fully democratic society, with its own economy, currency, military, and elected officials. The Chinese mainland is ruled by the communist PRC government. Most countries have accepted the PRC as the leaders of China. Several countries, including the United States, have been careful to not say officially which parts of the original China are part of the PRC. 14 countries have official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Those who don't usually have un-official de facto embassies and do business with Taiwan mostly as normal, aside from recognizing it as a country.
The current state of Taiwan and China is called the "status quo", which means neither side is trying to change the way things are. However, the PRC often threatens to use military force to change the situation and bring Taiwan under PRC control. Some people in Taiwan want Taiwan to formally become the Republic of Taiwan, an independent country. This would change the status quo also, and many Taiwanese prefer not to do this, in order to maintain peace. In opinion polls, only a very small percentage of Taiwanese people want to rejoin with the mainland.
Views by other countries
Today, most countries of the world see the PRC as China. Most countries however still have a very close economic and cultural relationship with Taiwan, even if they have major tensions with the PRC.
Problems
The relations between the PRC and Taiwan are tense. The PRC believes that Taiwan is a part of the PRC. The government of the PRC has said that if the people of Taiwan vote to become the Republic of Taiwan, that they will invade Taiwan and stop this from happening. In March 2004, they passed a law that will allow China to invade Taiwan if Taiwan tries to leave the PRC and become an independent country. This law has caused problems with the people in Taiwan. It has caused even more people in Taiwan not to want to be a part of PRC China.
Another issue is how a war for Taiwan would grow to include the United States, who has said it would help defend Taiwan, and Australia and Japan, who also hint at helping Taiwan in case of war.
Politics of China
Politics of Taiwan |
The present invention is directed generally to telephony devices, and more particular, to telephony devices having integrated messaging capabilities.
As the telecommunications industry has grown, the number and different types of telephony devices has also dramatically increased. The use of telephony devices in mobile and cordless environments has also increased accordingly. There has also been an increased need and interest in providing reliable and easy to use peripheral devices such as answering machines, caller ID boxes, and the like.
Digital answering machines have gained wide spread use by the telecommunications consumers. A typical digital answering machine is formed as a stand alone device which is coupled between a telephone and the subscriber line of the telephone in order to intercept and answer an incoming call under predefined conditions. The answering machine also provides the capability of storing messages from the calling party for later retrieval.
Various approaches have been taken to integrate the functionality of an answering machine within a telephone. For example, the basic components of the digital answering machine have been incorporated into a telephone. Such systems typically include a digital voice memory for storing messages, including broadcast messages and received messages, and a digital signal processor (DSP) dedicated to answering machine functions such as compression of the messages, storage and retrieval. Another approach for integrating answering machine functions within an existing telephone is to provide an answering service remote from the telephone. This type of service routes unanswered calls to the remote answering service where messages are stored for access over the subscriber line.
As the telecommunications industry continues to grow, there remains an interest in providing increased accessibility to the various telephony functions including answering functions. It is also desirable, however, to reduce the overall costs of the various telephony devices. Thus, there is generally a tension between a desire to provide added functionality while meeting the demands of lower costs.
Generally, the present invention relates to communication devices having integrated messaging capabilities. In one particular embodiment, a communication device is provided which operates in a communication mode and a message mode. The communication device includes a speaker, a receiver provided to receive signals of a call received from a calling party and a memory arrangement for storing messages. A processor is coupled to the memory arrangement and is configured to code and decode signals in accordance with a cordless communication compression scheme used for cordless communication when in the communication mode. The processor is further configured to code signals received from the calling party, using the wireless communication compression scheme, for storage in the memory arrangement as a message when in the message mode.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a cordless telephone system having message recording capabilities is provided. The cordless phone includes a base station coupled to a switched telephone network. The base station includes a base station processing unit configured to receive signals from the switched telephone network and to code and decode the signals in accordance with a wireless transmission compression scheme. The base station further includes a transmitter/receiver coupled to the processing unit to transmit/receive coded signals. The cordless phone further includes a handset having a transmitter/receiver configured to transmit/receive coded signals for wireless communication with the base station, and a handset processing unit, coupled to the transmitter/receiver, configured to code and decode signals transmitted to and received from the base station. A memory arrangement is provided within the base station or the handset and is coupled respectively to either the base station processing unit or the handset processing unit. The memory arrangement is used to store messages which are coded by the respective one of the base station processing unit and the handset processing unit using the wireless transmission compression scheme.
One embodiment of the invention provides messaging functions within a cordless phone system. In operation, the base station receives a call from a calling party. The cordless phone retrieves a broadcast message from a memory arrangement of the cordless phone in response to initiation of a message mode. The broadcast message is transmitted from the base station to the calling party. A message from the calling party is received at the base station and coded using a cordless transmission compression scheme used for cordless communication between the base station and the handset. The coded message from the calling party is stored in the memory arrangement of the cordless phone.
In one particular embodiment, data transmitted between the base station and the handset are coded using adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM). In a further embodiment, the messages stored in the memory arrangement are also coded using ADPCM.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each illustrated embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The figures and the detailed description which follow more particularly exemplify these embodiments. |
Lassay-les-Chateaux is a commune of 2,532 people (1999). It is found in the Pays de la Loire region in the Mayenne department in the northwest of France. There is also a 15th-century castle that you can visit.
Communes in Mayenne |
[A ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery due to Salmonella typhimurium].
Mycotic aneurysms of the femoral artery is rare. We report a new case with a mycotic aneurysm of the femoral artery by "Salmonella typhimurium". The surgical operation was performed as surgical emergence for ruptured aneurysm. We did not know the aneurysm infection origin. The treatment of lesions was resection and femoro-femoral bypass with PTFE. The microbiological examination discovered infection material. A posterior bypass infection required a exeresis bypass and new revascularization with iliofemoral saphenous vein bypass by obturator foramen, and antibiotic treatment prolonged. |
Francis Hammel (11 December 1950 - 6 January 2021) was a French politician. From 1997 to 2002, he was a member of the National Assembly. Hammel was born in Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, France. He was a member of the Socialist Party.
Hammel died on 6 January 2021 at the age of 70. |
Police are appealing for people to name a man depicted in an efit image suspected of accosting a 13-year-old girl in Dunmow.
The local girl was walking across the recreation ground in Church Street when she was grabbed on the wrist by a man. The girl punched the man to the chest and released his grip from her and ran away. She was not hurt.
This happened at about 8am on May 21.
The man is described as white, around 5ft 6ins to 5ft 8ins tall, of average build, with collar-length straight black hair, a black beard and moustache, big eyes, a flat-ended nose, wearing a black v-neck t-shirt, light green trousers with pockets on the side, black boots and was aged around 40. He smelt of cigarettes.
Anyone who recognises the man pictured should contact Ds Pete McCormack at Braintree CID on 101 or Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111. |
Andrea Anders (May 10, 1975) is an American actress. She usually acts in television sitcoms. She was born in Madison, Wisconsin. |
Medium Hoop Earrings
This Mad Max style earrings is born to be bold, with a dash of badass. Made in an industrial age design, they are crafted out of sterling silver, brass, and 24 karat gold on brass. Secured with a hugging hoop (hidden into its other side) backing. Precision design hollowed-out in center for a lighter weight. |
Danville is a city in the US state of Arkansas.
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas |
Q:
get images from directory and ad to ul
I'm using a responsive pattern from Brad Frost's library to create an image grid (beta version here: http://yogeshsimpson.com/fry). I want to have three folders of images for the three portfolio categories that my client can just drop images into.
From there I think php is the right tool to get all the images from a folder, wrap in li and a tags and have them added to the ul. So on the homepage you see images from all three directories, and on the "lighting" page for example, you see only images from that directory, etc.
Again I'm assuming this is fairly easy to do with php, but it's a bit beyond my grasp. Any help would be appreciated. Much thanks.
A:
Something like this will work, run it from within the folder you wish to list the files.
<?php
if ($handle = opendir('.')) {
while (false !== ($file = readdir($handle)))
{
if ($file != "." && $file != "..")
{
$thelist .= '<li><a href="'.$file.'">'.$file.'</a>' . "<br>";
}
}
closedir($handle);
}
?>
<P>List of files:</p>
<P><?=$thelist?></p>
Or:
<?php
// if running from your root and wish to list files from 'images' sub-folder
// use $dir = 'images';
$dir = '.'; // The directory containing the files.
// *.* will list all files. You can use *.jpg to list just JPG files, etc.
$ext = '*.*'; // will list ALL files
?>
<ul> <?php foreach (glob($dir . '/*' . $ext) as $file) { ?>
<li><a href="<?php echo $dir . "/" . $file ?>"><?php echo basename($file); ?></a></li>
<?php } ?> </ul>
|
Yuva Puraskar prize winning writers in the Telugu language given by India's National Academy of Letters, Sahitya Akademi.
Prize winners |
PARIS (Reuters) - German Peter Gojowczyk was fined 25,000 euros ($29,210.00) on Thursday after he retired from his French Open first-round match against Britain’s Cameron Norrie.
The International Tennis Federation (ITF) introduced new measures to stop players turning up injured or ill, only to retire in the first round and yet still pick up a lucrative first-round loser’s cheque — 40,000 euros at Roland Garros.
Gojowczyk, who played the final in Geneva last weekend and practised at Roland Garros on Sunday, retired from his match in Paris citing hip pain as he was trailing 6-1 2-0.
Another German, Mischa Zverev, was handed a similar fine at the Australian Open earlier this year.
Top seed Rafa Nadal, the 10-times French Open champion, said: “I think it’s a good rule, because there is a lot of money on the slams. For a lot of players, (the fact) that they are in... a Grand Slam, and have a physical problem in that week, just playing the tournament helps a lot to save the year.” |
Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 - 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader. He was later convicted of being a war criminal. Schirach was the head of the Hitler-Jugend (HJ, Hitler Youth), Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.
1907 births
1974 deaths
Gauleiters
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Nazi leaders
Politicians from Berlin
Politicians of the Nazi Party |
Q:
jQuery - If previous element doesnt have specific class then remove that element
I wrote this code, but it doesnt work.
goal:
If span that is previous to ".well-well" is NOT ".dont-remove" then remove that span
However if span that is previous to ".well-well" IS ".dont-remove" then do nothing
"example" here:
http://jsfiddle.net/sAebR/
if( $(".well-well").prev('span').not('.dont-remove') ){ $(".well-well").prev('span').remove(); }
What im getting with this code is that it removes all spans that are previous to ".well-well" and i have no idea why.
What am i doing wrong?
A:
you don't need the if:
$(".well-well").prev('span').not('.dont-remove').remove()
what your code is say is:
if ($(".well-well").prev('span').not('.dont-remove') != null)
{
//remove them all
}
don't worry about the if. The remove() function will look after that.
http://jsfiddle.net/sAebR/2/
|
Infernal Devices is the third book of the Mortal Engines Quartet written by Philip Reeve and first published in 2005.
2005 books
Children's books
Fantasy books |
import { assert } from "@thi.ng/api";
import { isString } from "@thi.ng/checks";
import { illegalArgs } from "@thi.ng/errors";
import type { Lit, Sym, Term } from "../api/nodes";
import type { SymOpts } from "../api/syms";
import type { ArrayTypeMap, Type } from "../api/types";
import { gensym } from "./idgen";
export function sym<T extends Type>(init: Term<T>): Sym<T>;
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T): Sym<T>;
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, opts: SymOpts): Sym<T>;
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, init: Term<T>): Sym<T>;
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, id: string): Sym<T>;
// prettier-ignore
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, id: string, opts: SymOpts): Sym<T>;
// prettier-ignore
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, opts: SymOpts, init: Term<T>): Sym<T>;
// prettier-ignore
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: T, id: string, opts: SymOpts, init: Term<T>): Sym<T>;
export function sym<T extends Type>(type: any, ...xs: any[]): Sym<any> {
let id: string;
let opts: SymOpts;
let init: Term<T>;
switch (xs.length) {
case 0:
if (!isString(type)) {
init = type;
type = init.type;
}
break;
case 1:
if (isString(xs[0])) {
id = xs[0];
} else if (xs[0].tag) {
init = xs[0];
} else {
opts = xs[0];
}
break;
case 2:
if (isString(xs[0])) {
[id, opts] = xs;
} else {
[opts, init] = xs;
}
break;
case 3:
[id, opts, init] = xs;
break;
default:
illegalArgs();
}
return {
tag: "sym",
type,
id: id! || gensym(),
opts: opts! || {},
init: init!,
};
}
export const constSym = <T extends Type>(
type: T,
id?: string,
opts?: SymOpts,
init?: Term<T>
) => sym(type, id || gensym(), { const: true, ...opts }, init!);
/**
* Defines a new symbol with optional initial array values.
*
* Important: Array initializers are UNSUPPORTED in GLSL ES v1 (WebGL),
* any code using such initializers will only work under WebGL2 or other
* targets.
*/
export const arraySym = <T extends keyof ArrayTypeMap>(
type: T,
id?: string,
opts: SymOpts = {},
init?: (Lit<T> | Sym<T>)[]
): Sym<ArrayTypeMap[T]> => {
if (init && opts.num == null) {
opts.num = init.length;
}
assert(opts.num != null, "missing array length");
init &&
assert(
opts.num === init.length,
`expected ${opts.num} items in array, but got ${init.length}`
);
const atype = <Type>(type + "[]");
return <any>{
tag: "sym",
type: atype,
id: id || gensym(),
opts,
init: init
? {
tag: "array_init",
type: atype,
init,
}
: undefined,
};
};
export const input = <T extends Type>(type: T, id: string, opts?: SymOpts) =>
sym(type, id, { q: "in", type: "in", ...opts });
export const output = <T extends Type>(type: T, id: string, opts?: SymOpts) =>
sym(type, id, { q: "out", type: "out", ...opts });
export const uniform = <T extends Type>(type: T, id: string, opts?: SymOpts) =>
sym(type, id, { q: "in", type: "uni", ...opts });
|
Katharine Cornell (February 16, 1893 - June 9, 1974) was an American state actress, author and theatrical producer. She played English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning in The Barretts of Wimpole Street in 1931. She also played Juliet in Romeo and Juliet in 1934. She wrote several biography books. The most notable one was I Always Wanted to be an Actress, published in 1939. She was married to Guthrie McClintic.
Cornell was born in Berlin to American parents. She was raised in Buffalo, New York. She died at age 81 in Tisbury, Massachusetts.
American stage actors
1893 births
1974 deaths
Actors from Buffalo, New York
Writers from Buffalo, New York |
Date: {{.Date}}
From: MAILER-DAEMON@{{.Me}}
To: {{.RcptTo}}
Subject: failure notice
Hi. This is the tmail deliverd program at {{.Me}}
I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the
following addresses. This is a permanent error; I've given up.
Sorry it didn't work out.
<{{.RcptTo}}>:
{{.ErrMsg}}
--- Below this line is a copy of the message.
{{.BouncedMail}} |
Hilary Bradt MBE (born 17 July 1941) is a British writer. He founded Bradt Travel Guides, a publisher of travel guide books, in the mid-1970s.
Life
From 1972, Bradt spent 18 months in South America with her husband, and later they set up Bradt Travel Guides together. Their first book was Backpacking along Ancient Ways in Peru and Bolivia. The award-winning Bradt guides have always covered unusual destinations that do not attract large numbers of tourists. The company is based in Chalfont St Peter, England.
After running the company for 35 years, Bradt retired in 2007, but she is still chairman. She also still writes about travel, including a guide book to Devon and articles in travel magazines.
Bradt worked for many years as a tour leader, particularly in Madagascar, a country that she has written many books about. Bradt is a member of the British Guild of Travel Writers and she received their Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2009.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to the tourist industry and to charity. Bradt's charity work includes being patron of Money for Madagascar, which has been raising funds for projects in Madagascar since 1986. |
AURORA — More than 20 years after the first segment of light rail opened in metro Denver, the Regional Transportation District is poised to launch its latest train line through the heart of Aurora with a critical new connection for transit riders headed to the airport.
“It is a big day for Aurora,” said RTD general manager Dave Genova, standing aboard the new R-Line light-rail train as it rolled alongside Interstate 225 on Friday morning. “I think it’s going to open up a lot more commuting opportunities for people in the southeast portion of the metro area.”
Genova joined reporters on a media ride of the new train, which is part of metro Denver’s still-growing 118-mile FasTracks transit network. The 22-mile R-Line, which runs from Lincoln Station in Lone Tree to Peoria Station in Aurora, opens to the public Feb. 24.
But the real work was the construction of 10.5 miles of new track — totaling $687 million — that connects Nine Mile Station with Peoria, a stubborn gap in Denver’s transit system that kept the state’s third-largest city from fully linking to its neighbors. It also allows Aurora commuters to ride the new line to Peoria and easily transfer to the University of Colorado A-Line, which provides access to downtown Denver and to Denver International Airport. According to the RTD schedule for the R-Line, a trip from end to end should take just under an hour.
“Connecting a city center with light rail opens up economic development and transit-oriented development that without that connection you don’t have,” Genova said.
Aurora Mayor Steve Hogan said his city of 350,000 has been preparing for this day a long time, with various projects already sprouting up around the eight new light-rail stations that will go live in a week. That includes the burgeoning Anschutz medical complex at the north end of the line, the new Veterans Administration Hospital, a hotel at the 2nd Avenue stop, and new developments around Aurora Metro Center Station.
“There are good things happening at several stations already and we would expect more,” the mayor said. “We look at northeast Aurora as the next 50 years of our city. Developers can open a map and say, ‘Aha!’ It’s just another tool that developers have to help us as a jurisdiction get quality development that brings us housing, retail and jobs.”
The R-Line, which serves 16 stations and is expected to have daily ridership of 12,000 one year after it opens, jumped from concept to reality nearly five years ago, when RTD picked Kiewit Infrastructure Co. to complete the unbuilt portion of the line through Aurora. At the time, Kiewit said it expected to finish the line in November 2015 at a cost of $350 million.
RTD spokesman Scott Reed said Kiewit’s costs were in line with its estimates, but with right-of-way acquisitions, environmental studies, the purchase of 19 light-rail vehicles and insurance, the total project cost was closer to $700 million.
The project’s timeline was thrown off a bit in 2013 when CU president Bruce Benson asked RTD to move the new line’s alignment off East Montview Boulevard to protect sensitive equipment in medical and research facilities on the 578-acre Fitzsimons campus from vibrations and electromagnetic interference generated by the trains as they pass University Hospital, Children’s Hospital Colorado and the VA Hospital.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line train, RTD's latest rail line to open pulls into Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line, RTD's latest rail line to open at Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line, RTD's latest rail line to open at Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line train, RTD's latest rail line to open at Colfax Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line train at Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora. RTD turned 50 on Monday.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line train , RTD's latest rail line to open pulling into the Florida station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post Dave Genova, RTD General Manager and CEO talks during a media ride on the R-Line, RTD's latest rail line to open, Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post The R-Line train, RTD's latest rail line to open pulls into Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Joe Amon, The Denver Post Train operator Thomas Houser in the drivers seat of the R-Line train, RTD's latest rail line to open at the Peoria Station Feb. 17, 2017 in Aurora.
Genova said another big design challenge with the R-Line was running it through Aurora’s city center, complete with sharp curves, slower speeds and at-grade crossings.
“I think we have every kind of safety device you can put on a crossing,” said Genova, who served as RTD’s safety chief before taking charge of the agency last year.
But that jog through the heart of Aurora is a critical component of the new light-rail line, according to RTD director Bob Broom, who once served as a councilman for the city. He represents the area encompassing the northern half of the R-Line.
“I think it’s going to rejuvenate that area that has laid fallow in the middle of the city for years,” Broom said. “I call this new line Aurora’s new Main Street.”
For metro-area commuters who are accustomed to traveling by light rail, the R-Line will sound and feel familiar. It will provide more than 1,200 new parking spaces on its freshly constructed section through Aurora. But three of the new stations — Colfax, Fitzsimons and Florida — do not have parking.
The Fitzsimons Station will provide free shuttle buses for workers to access the sprawling medical campus.
RTD parking regulations — first 24 hours free for those who live in the RTD district — apply at all the new stations except for Iliff, which will charge $3 per day at the new city-owned, 600-space garage.
For those using the R-Line and A-Line to access DIA, they can purchase a regional day pass for $9 at any of the stops on the R-Line and transfer to the A-Line at Peoria for free. RTD will also expand the H-Line two stops to the Florida Station starting Feb. 24 to give more Aurora residents another option to get to downtown Denver.
The R-Line is the first light-rail line to open since the W-Line went operational between Golden and Denver Union Station in 2013. Two new commuter rail lines — the A-Line and the B-Line, connecting Denver to Westminster — opened in 2016.
With the R-Line’s official opening next week, FasTracks will have about 75 miles of rail in operation.
The N-Line, a commuter rail line serving residents of Commerce City, Northglenn and Thornton, is scheduled to open in 2018, while an extension of the southeast line deeper into Lone Tree will open the following year.
The opening of the G-Line serving Wheat Ridge and Arvada is on an indefinite delay as RTD officials and its contractor, Denver Transit Partners, try to fix a software glitch with crossing-arm technology that impacts both the G-Line and A-Line.
The R-Line experienced its own delay late last year when RTD said it wouldn’t meet its December opening deadline. But Hogan, Aurora’s mayor, said he would rather have a slight hiccup in the introduction of new rail service than have a line that opens before all issues are worked out.
“I’d rather have a line that opens two months late that works than one that opens on time but still has problems,” he said. |
Marian Zembala (11 February 1950 - 19 March 2022) was a Polish cardiac surgeon, academic and politician. He was the Minister of Health in 2015. He was a deputy to the Sejm from 2015 until 2019. Zembala was born in Krzepice, Poland. He was a member of the Civic Platform.
Zembala died on 19 March 2022 in Zbroslawice, Poland at the age of 72. |
Friday, June 6, 2014
From Memphis TN-USA
There's not a day, hour or second that goes by when I don't think of you. The devastation of that day is something I'll never out live. Michael, I have so much love and respect for you and your contribution to this world. Your unselfish acts of love and humanitarianism will never be forgotten. I first love your heart because it's quite special. You are my inspiration and motivation. Your spirit of love has taught me to love better. Your acts of humanitarianism has taught me how to give more. I miss you are words that I never thought I would have to say about you. When those days become darker your voice enlightens my spirit and my heart. I will continue to honor your legacy each day I live. I will continue to be a giving person, as you've taught me throughout your works. I will continue to be a faithful fan who diligently teaches others about you. Michael, you are greatly loved and missed. I LOVE YOU! I hope that somehow and someway you know this. I love you always. |
Meaghan Rath (born June 18, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her television roles on Being Human, 15/Love, The Assistants, and Hawaii Five-0. |
The next recession will be wrenching for some workers. It will intensify the adoption of new technology that makes some jobs obsolete. It will force many workers to become digitally proficient, or leave the labor force for good. It will also present opportunities for those ready to grab them. “When employers cut payrolls, they have a chance to reoptimize and rethink their whole workforce strategy,” says Andrew Chamberlain, chief economist at job site Glassdoor. “You’re likely to see big changes.”
Recessions might seem like tidal-wave events that swamp everybody in their path. But there are a surprising number of things workers at all levels can do to raise the odds of staying employed and even getting ahead during a recession. And the time to do that isn’t when the recession hits—it’s before, when money and other resources are more freely available.
If there’s any good news about the next downturn, it’s that it probably won’t be as severe as the last one, which ran from December 2007 through May 2009, featured twin housing and financial crashes, and sent the unemployment rate soaring to 10%. “The next recession will be a garden-variety downturn,” Ryan Sweet, director of real-time economics for Moody’s Analytics, told Yahoo Finance recently. “I don’t think the next recession is going to be a financial crisis.”
That doesn’t mean it will be pleasant, however. Even now, with the unemployment rate at 3.7%, many workers struggle with lagging pay and outdated skills. In a recession unemployment could rise rapidly to around 7.5%, the historical norm for a downturn. That would push the number of unemployed from 6.1 million now to more than 12 million, with others getting their hours cut or giving up on work and dropping out of the labor force.
What should you be doing to prepare? Here are seven pitfalls labor-market experts foresee, with tips for how to avoid them:
A few industries could be devastated. Retail seems particularly vulnerable, since many chains have too many outlets and too much debt to compete effectively with behemoth Amazon and other online merchants. Other industries where jobs are endangered include transportation, logistics, warehousing, food service and hospitality, as many jobs can be transitioned to robots and other types of automation. Even finance jobs could disappear if they involve predictable trading that could be done by software. Safer industries include health care, technology and government. And construction, which was battered during the housing bust, might hold up, since there’s a shortage of residential housing in some areas.
What to do now: If you work in a vulnerable industry, look for pathways into a safer one. “If you’re a retail worker, there are a number of paths you can take out of retail, and moving out of retail lowers your automation risk,” says Matt Sigelman, CEO of labor-market research firm Burning Glass Technologies. One example: If you work at a retailer that sells electronics, learn how to do installation and repair work, like Best Buy’s Geek Squad does. Then apply those skills to landing a help-desk or tech-support job in a different industry. “Those are golden gateway jobs that open up part of the technology spectrum,” Sigelman says. “And they don’t even require a college degree.”
Display of Hewlett-Packard laptop computers in a Best Buy store in Pittsburgh. (AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar)
Employers will demand more. This is now an established trend: When recessions hit and the labor-supply grows, many employers raise the requirements for a given job. So if a training certificate once got you in the door, it might now take an associate’s or bachelor’s degree. And if it used to require a bachelor’s degree, it might now require a master’s. This is one reason many companies are complaining now about a shortage of skilled workers: After the last recession, they grew accustomed to a large pool of overqualified applicants and abandoned their own training programs.
What to do now: Get as much training as you can. That doesn’t mean taking out $50,000 in loans just to add another degree to your resume. Instead, cherry-pick cost-effective training programs you know employers value, especially if they might help you get promoted or qualify for a better job now. “We’re lucky to live in an era when education is moving in the Spotify direction,” says Sigelman. “You don’t need a whole degree. You can go to Coursera or EdEx and buy a course.” If you can do it on your company’s dime, even better. It’s also a good time to ask for more responsibility and any additional training your company can provide.
Everybody will become a hybrid worker. Tech companies increasingly hire non-tech experts in marketing, sales, management and business support. And non-tech firms now need software engineers, data analysts, database programmers and all manner of technology specialists. When the next recession hits and employers must decide who stays and who goes, the workers with crossover skills in various fields will be the survivors.
What to do now: Get out of your bubble, and more than anything, get technology training. “Digital skills are going to be part of 80% to 90% of jobs,” says Jane Oates, president of the nonprofit group Working Nation. “This is a time to do any self-improvement you can possibly do.”
Robots could finally make their move. For all the talk of robots, they haven’t displaced many jobs yet. But that could change as employers jump on the chance to experiment with new systems based on virtual reality and artificial intelligence that are currently being developed in labs. “We can expect to see workers in faraway countries operating robots remotely in the service economy,” says Louis Hyman, director of the Institute for Workplace Studies at Cornell University. “They could do all kinds of stuff remotely. Pick crops. Serve drinks. Fold towels. Mop floors.” The robot revolution might be overhyped, and robots might start by doing the least desirable jobs when workers are hard to find. But the technology is advancing rapidly, putting more and more jobs at risk.
What to do now: If your job involves repetitive tasks that don’t vary much, it’s a candidate for automation—and that includes white-collar work as well as blue-collar. Develop new skills that allow you to be more productive, especially if it means working with robots and advanced machines. Manufacturing workers who can operate CNC machines or CAD/CAM tools are in much higher demand than those who can simply assemble things. White-collar workers who can work with databases, develop strategy, and close deals are more valuable than those who simply compile reports month after month. It might also pay to explore remote work and become a robot operator.
Flexibility will be crucial. One problem in the economy today is low labor mobility: some workers in depressed areas can’t or won’t move to where there are more jobs, consigning themselves to ever-falling living standards. Employers, meanwhile, are setting up shop in places where they can get the skilled workers they need, while abandoning economic backwaters. The economy will probably become even more bifurcated during the next recession, as employers consolidate in coastal cities, university towns, tech hubs and other areas that can supply needed workers.
What to do now: Stay nimble. “Save money,” says Jane Oates. “Put off large purchases. Avoid carrying debt, if possible. The way to make yourself recession-proof is to get yourself as many options as possible.” Buying a home, for instance, is still a good way to build wealth—as long as it’s in a market with a healthy economy, and you’re relatively sure you’ll be in the house for at least five years. But committing to a mortgage can make it impossible to move if home values fall and you can’t afford to sell at a loss.
The government will do less to help. After the 2008 financial crash, Washington provided trillions of dollars in monetary and fiscal stimulus, which probably prevented a recession from becoming a full-blown depression. The government won’t be as generous next time around. The Federal Reserve, which typically slashes interest rates by about 5 percentage points during a recession, to stimulate lending, has begun cutting rates from a ceiling of just 2.5%. And with the national debt soaring by nearly $1 trillion per year, Washington may not have the wallet to cut taxes (again), fund stimulus projects like road and bridge construction, enhance unemployment benefits and do other things typical in a recession.
What to do now: Become self-sufficient and develop backup plans. Families may need to rely more on each other if the safety net frays. If you have health insurance through an employer, get needed checkups or other procedures now, since you may no longer have insurance if a recession hits and you lose your job.
Another jobless recovery will follow the recession. Since 1990, we’ve had three recessions, and each has been followed by a “jobless recovery,” with employers very slow to staff back up and some jobs disappearing for good. “There’s no reason to think it will be different the next time,” says Hyman of Cornell. That’s because the economy has downshifted into a trend of slower growth that doesn’t require companies to hire rapidly after a recession. Instead, they can hire selectively and assess new technologies that might augment or replace workers.
What to do now: Take the long view, and prepare for future jobs that might be considerably different than the one you have now. “Human capital depreciates around 1%-2% per year,” says Sigelman of Burning Glass. “So you should be investing 1%-2% of your time to replace what is depreciating. You should always be learning a new skill while staying on top of whatever field you’re in.” If that sounds like a lot of work, consider it the price of surviving the next recession. |
John Edward James (born June 8, 1981) is an American businessman and politician who is the U.S. Representative for Michigan's 10th congressional district since 2023.
James ran as the Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate elections in Michigan in 2018 and 2020, losing the elections to Democratic incumbents Debbie Stabenow and Gary Peters. |
Q:
Starshapeness of polynomial tracts with respect to the (entire collection of) critical points contained in the tract
I recently found out (Piranian, "The Shape of Level Curves") that a polynomial tract (ie a connected component of a set of the form $G=\{z:|p(z)|<\epsilon\}$ for some $\epsilon>0$) need not be starshaped with respect to the zeros of $p$ contained in $G$. This disappointed me bitterly, as that starshapeness was a pivotal step in a proposed "proof" I had of Smale's mean value conjecture.
The places where $G$ is not starshaped with respect to the zeros of $p$ in $G$ are near critical points of $p$ in $G$ or in $\partial G$, so I still hold out a tiny bit of hope for the starshapeness of $G$ with respect to the critical points of $p$ contained in $G$:
Conjecture: If $G$ is a tract of $p$ with smooth boundary containing more than one distinct zero of $p$, then $G$ is starshaped with respect to the critical points of $p$ contained in $G$.
Intuitions/proofs/disproofs/references are all welcome.
EDIT: Note that when I say that $G$ should be "starshaped with respect to the critical points", I mean that each point in $G$ can be seen by some one of the critical points of $p$ in $G$, not of course that some single critical point can see all points in $G$.
Note also that I added the assumption that $G$ contains more than one distinct zero of $p$ (since otherwise $G$ will not contain any critical points of $p$.
One reason I think this is plausible: If we consider the lemniscate of Bernoulli, and let $G$ be the interior of a level curve of $p$ which is a bit bigger, the critical point of $p$ is right in the center, so should be able to "see" both lobes. In the counter-example of Piranian to my desired conjecture (that tracts are star-shaped with respect to the zeros they contain), the points that killed the starshapeness were close to the boundary of $G$, so perhaps if we assume $\partial G$ is smooth, $G$ will contain enough critical points to see into all "corners".
A:
There is no hope: according to a theorem of Hilbert, every analytic Jordan curve $J$ can be approximated by a lemniscate $\{z:|P(z)|=\epsilon\}$. So the set does not have to be starlike with respect to any point. For this theorem of Hilbert, see, for example
J. L. Walsh, ``Interpolation and Approximation by Rational Functions in the Complex
Plane,'' 5th ed., Amer. Math. Society, Providence, RI, 1969.
|
William John "Bill" Evans (August 16, 1929 - September 15, 1980) was an American jazz piano player. His career lasted 25 years. He was known for playing close groups of chords in his left hand, while playing melodies with his right hand. He was also known for playing in groups that featured him, a bass player, and a drummer. The groups dealt more with interaction and group-improvisation than jazz bands before them.
American pianists
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New Jersey
1929 births
1980 deaths
People from Plainfield, New Jersey |
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
import { partition, hierarchy } from 'd3-hierarchy';
import { flattenHierarchy } from '@potion/util';
import Layout from './Layout';
export default class Pack extends Layout {
static displayName = 'Partition';
static propTypes = {
separation: PropTypes.number,
size: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number),
round: PropTypes.number,
data: PropTypes.object.isRequired,
includeRoot: PropTypes.bool,
sum: PropTypes.func,
};
static defaultProps = {
...Layout.defaultProps,
includeRoot: true,
sum: d => d.value,
};
getSchema() {
return {
layout: partition,
layoutProps: ['round', 'size', 'separation'],
selectStylesToTween: d => ({
x0: d.x0,
y0: d.y0,
x1: d.x1,
y1: d.y1,
}),
};
}
getData() {
const { data, sum, includeRoot } = this.props;
return flattenHierarchy(
this.getLayout()(
hierarchy(data).sum(sum)
)
)
.slice(includeRoot ? 0 : 1);
}
}
|
Charles Juste Francois Victurnien, de Beauvau, Prince of Craon (1793-1864) was a French military man and senator under Napoleon III. He was a member of the House of Beauvau. He was known as the Prince of Beauvau. Because of his father's rank of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, he succeeded to those titles on his fathers death in 1849. He married twice. He had four children including the next Prince of Beauvau. Politically he was a member of the Bonaparte party which sought to restore the Bonaparte family to the French throne. Though legally the "Prince of Craon", he was known by his other title "Prince of Beauvau".
Charles was born on 7 March 1793 at Sunninghill in Berkshire. His parents, Marc Etienne de Beauvau, Prince of Beauvau and Nathalie de Rochechouart, were in exile in England from the French revolution.
The family returned to France. In 1810, Charles entered the French Army during the Napoleonic Wars. He became an officer of carabiniers two years later, during the campaign against Russia. He was nominated senator. He was elected Councillor-General of the Meurthe in 1854.
Marriages and children
On 9 June 1815, Charles married Lucie Virginie de Choiseul (1794-1834). They had the following children:
Marc Rene Antoine Victurnien (1816-1883), next Prince of Beauvau
Etienne Guy Charles Victurnien (1818-1865)
On 2 April 1839, Charles married Eugenie Ludmille Alexandrine Josephine Komar (1820-1881). They had the following children:
Marie Delphine Elisabeth Stephanie (1842-1898), married Count Gaston Alexandre de Ludre
Beatrix Jeanne Marie Josephine (1844-1895), married Count Horace de Choiseul-Praslin
1793 births
1864 deaths
House of Beauvau
French politicians |
function [im, scale] = readImage(imagePath)
% READIMAGE Read and standardize image
% [IM, SCALE] = READIMAGE(IMAGEPATH) reads the specified image file,
% converts the result to SINGLE class, and rescales the image
% to have a maximum height of 480 pixels, returing the corresponding
% scaling factor SCALE.
%
% READIMAGE(IM) where IM is already an image applies only the
% standardization to it.
% Author: Andrea Vedaldi
% Copyright (C) 2013 Andrea Vedaldi
% All rights reserved.
%
% This file is part of the VLFeat library and is made available under
% the terms of the BSD license (see the COPYING file).
if ischar(imagePath)
try
im = imread(imagePath) ;
catch
error('Corrupted image %s', imagePath) ;
end
else
im = imagePath ;
end
im = im2single(im) ;
scale = 1 ;
if (size(im,1) > 480)
scale = 480 / size(im,1) ;
im = imresize(im, scale) ;
im = min(max(im,0),1) ;
end
|
The Carpetbaggers is a 1964 American drama movie directed by Edward Dmytryk and based on the novel of the same name by Harold Robbins. It stars George Peppard, Alan Ladd, Bob Cummings, Elizabeth Ashley, Lew Ayers, Leif Erickson, Carroll Baker, Martha Hyer and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. Steve McQueen appears in the 1966 prequel movie Nevada Smith. |
Glutathione localization by a novel o-phthalaldehyde histofluorescence method.
Glutathione in tissues forms an intense fluorophore with a solution of o-phthalaldehyde at room temperature. We have studied the loss of glutathione from tissue sections and find that it is not measurable from thick sections. The fluorescence spectra of the induced fluorophore between glutathione and o-phthalaldehyde are identical in model and tissue sections, while depletion of hepatic glutathione by diethyl maleate produces a comparable fall in fluorescence measured biochemically or histochemically. This simple method is specific as interfering substances, such as spermine and spermidine, produce very weak fluorescence under the conditions employed. |
Golden Girl is a 1951 American musical movie directed by Lloyd Bacon and starring Mitzi Gaynor, Dale Robertson, Dennis Day, Una Merkel. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox and was nominated for an Academy Award in 1952. |
Sudo for Windows (sudowin) allows authorized users to launch processes with elevated privileges using their own passphrase. Unlike the runas command, Sudo for Windows preserves the user's profile and ownership of created objects.
SubtitleCreator allows you to create new subtitles for your DVD's. It has a Wizard interface, advanced synchronization features, DVD preview, and a simple WYSIWYG editor. The latest version even has support for Karaoke.
SimMetrics is a Similarity Metric Library, e.g. from edit distance's (Levenshtein, Gotoh, Jaro etc) to other metrics, (e.g Soundex, Chapman). Work provided by UK Sheffield University funded by (AKT) an IRC sponsored by EPSRC, grant number GR/N15764/01.
This is analog for NCover application, but have some advantages
The project is not in work actually, so you may try the following projects instead:
https://github.com/sawilde/partcover.net4 - original fork
https://github.com/sawilde/opencover - another cover from blessed man who was able to keep PartCover live.
Regarding license: all sources (here at SF) are open. You are free to copy/modify/distribute without any confirm from my side. I cannot garantee the same for files in other locations.
Best regards!
The FileHelpers are an easy to use .NET library written in C#. Is designed to read/write data from flat files with fixed length or delimited records (CSV). Also has support to import/export data from different data storages (Excel, Access, SqlServer)
Code on GitHub: https://github.com/MarcosMeli/FileHelpers
Bugs/Ideas: http://filehelpers.myjetbrains.com/youtrack/rest/agile/FH/sprint |
The Brothers Grimm (German: Die Bruder Grimm, also Gebruder Grimm) were the brothers Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. They were German academics and most famous for their collections of folktales and fairy tales, and for their work in linguistics.
The Grimm brothers both became linguists. They are the inventors of German philology. They also did other language-related work, like publishing one of the first grammar books for the German language.
They also wrote fairy tales, and collected the tales which people told them. They published a collection of fairy tales known as Grimms' Fairy Tales (Grimms Marchen). |
890 F.2d 388
51 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 962,53 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 304,52 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 39,504,52 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 39,728Guydell HORLOCK, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, et al., Defendants-Appellants.
No. 88-8611.
United States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.
Dec. 13, 1989.Order on Grant of Rehearing En Banc Jan. 31, 1990.
Annette M. Cowart, William F. Amideo, Atlanta, Ga., for defendants-appellants.
A. Lee Parks, Jr., Theresa L. Kitay, Meals, Kirwan, Goger, Winter & Parks, Atlanta, Ga., for plaintiff-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
Before COX, Circuit Judge, HILL*, and SNEED**, Senior Circuit Judges.
HILL, Senior Circuit Judge:
I. INTRODUCTION
1
Richard A. Fields and Sandra Watson, the individual defendants/appellants involved in the above-styled case, appeal the district court's denial of their motion for summary judgement on the basis of qualified immunity. As such, we review the district court's decision on the basis of the facts viewed in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment was sought, the plaintiff-appellee in this case.
2
Since we find that no issue of material fact exists that would preclude appellants' entitlement to qualified immunity on the claim for a deprivation of property without due process, we conclude that appellants should have been granted summary judgement on this claim.
A. Facts
3
Plaintiff/appellee, Guydell Horlock, is a fifty-four year old white female. Ms. Horlock has been employed by the Georgia Department of Human Resources at Georgia Regional Hospital--Atlanta ("GRHA") since 1971. Defendant/appellant Richard A. Fields, M.D., a thirty-seven year old black male, is the superintendent of GRHA. Ms. Horlock worked directly under Dr. Fields as an administrative secretary beginning in November, 1982.
4
In December, 1985, Fields hired defendant/appellant, Sandra Watson, a thirty-year old black female, on an emergency appointment at GRHA as an "Activity Therapist." Ms. Watson instead acted as a consultant to Dr. Fields in the contemplated managerial reorganization of the superintendent's office.
5
Ms. Horlock alleges that in February 1986, at about the time that Watson's ninety-day emergency appointment was to expire, Dr. Fields informed Horlock that she would "no longer be needed" in his office. Horlock was transferred to an administrative secretary's position in the Planning and Development Section of GRHA. Ms. Horlock makes no claim that her new position, which she currently holds, carried with it a loss of salary or demotion of any kind.
6
In February, 1986, at the time that Horlock was being transferred, Dr. Fields proposed to create and fill a purportedly new position in his office for an administrative "assistant." Ms. Horlock alleges and regards as crucial to her case the fact that the administrative "assistant" position is fundamentally the same as that of her former administrative "secretary" position, with some of the more clerical tasks replaced by a duty to represent the superintendent at specified functions. Horlock maintains that Dr. Fields created this "new in name only" position for Ms. Watson because Watson is a young black female. Horlock contends that she was removed from her former position to make way for Watson.
7
Due to evidence of non-compliance by Dr. Fields with Georgia State Merit System procedures for staffing a new position, his first attempt to fill the administrative assistant position with his alleged pre-selected candidate, Watson, was nullified; the position was thereafter posted for interested applicants. On his second attempt to fill the post, Fields added the requirement of a master's degree and/or six years of hospital administration experience as prerequisites to applying for the job. Watson and Horlock were the only candidates who applied.
8
Watson outscored Horlock on a written test and an oral interview before a committee of three hospital employees. These tests were designed by Dr. Fields; Horlock disputes the validity of the procedure. Horlock alleges that she received a rejection letter from Dr. Fields on the same day she was interviewed, and that evidence demonstrates that Fields rejected Horlock even before he consulted with the screening committee. Watson received the permanent appointment as administrative assistant in June, 1986.
9
On July 8, 1986, Ms. Horlock initiated an internal complaint of discrimination regarding the selection process. On July 15, 1986, that complaint ripened into a charge filed with the Georgia Office of Fair Employment Practices.
10
On July 10, 1986, Ms. Horlock's employment supervision was transferred by Dr. Fields from himself to Ms. Watson. Watson later issued Horlock a Report of Performance with the lowest score Horlock had received in her fifteen years as a state employee. Watson cited Horlock's attitude problems, including her hostile and resistant demeanor.
11
Horlock then filed her second administrative charge, alleging retaliation. In early August, 1986, the Georgia Office of Fair Employment Practices determined that there was just cause for finding retaliation by Fields and Watson.
B. Procedural History
12
On April 14, 1987, Horlock filed this action in federal court in the Northern District of Georgia and asserted causes of action under Title VII; the Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA"); 42 U.S.C. Secs. 1981 and 1983, and the Fourteenth Amendment. Horlock alleged unlawful discrimination in employment on the basis of race and age, claimed that the defendants retaliated against her after she filed charges of discrimination, and asserted that defendants denied her due process by depriving her of a protected property interest in a wholly arbitrary and capricious manner. She requested various forms of equitable and legal relief, including awards of compensatory and punitive damages.
13
In November, 1987, all defendants moved for summary judgment, arguing that Horlock failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted as to each of the asserted causes of action; and that, even if plaintiff had alleged sufficient facts to state any of the claims, defendants Fields and Watson were entitled to qualified immunity from damages because defendants' actions allegedly did not violate any "clearly established" right of plaintiff, as required in order to avoid the qualified immunity of public officials to such suits.
14
On February 29, 1988, a magistrate issued his report and recommendation that defendants' motion be denied in all respects. Defendants objected to the magistrate's report in only two respects. First, they asserted that the magistrate erred in denying them summary judgment on Horlock's due process claim under section 1983 because plaintiff failed to show the existence of a property interest in the position of administrative assistant. The defendants also challenged the magistrate's conclusion that Fields and Watson are not entitled to qualified immunity.
15
The district court considered the defendants' objections and on July 1, 1988, denied defendants' motion for summary judgment and adopted the magistrate's report and recommendation on both issues. Concerning defendants' first objection, the court agreed that Horlock needed to have a property right in the administrative assistant position in order to allege an unconstitutional deprivation of due process. The court declared that summary judgment was inappropriate, however, because a material factual issue existed regarding whether the administrative "assistant" position was a new position or differed only in name from Horlock's former administrative "secretary" position.
16
The district court's order intimated that Horlock had a property interest "in a job she had held for over six years," and stated that "deprivation of a property interest for an improper motive and by pretextual means is a substantive due process violation." Regarding the qualified immunity issue, the court cited the magistrate's report with approval:
17
Plaintiff alleges defendants denied her right to be free from discrimination in employment on the basis of race and age, the right to protest unlawful employment practices of the defendants, and the right not to be deprived of a protected property interest without due process of law. These are fundamental rights which have been established through the Title VII, ADEA, and the Civil Rights statutes which defendants should have been aware of. None of these statutes are of recent enactment.
18
The order, insofar as it denied summary judgment on the issue of whether Horlock was deprived of a property interest as required to state a section 1983 due process claim, was not a final judgment of the district court directly appealable to this court. The district court amended its order so that defendants could apply for leave to appeal from the interlocutory order. On November 30, 1988, this court denied defendants' petition for discretionary appeal under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1292. The individual defendants now appeal from the denial of summary judgement on the ground of qualified immunity.
II. DISCUSSION
19
We begin by reviewing the procedural and jurisdictional context of this case. Appellants contend that the district court erred in refusing to grant their motion for summary judgment based upon qualified immunity of Fields and Watson to the section 1983 due process claim. At issue is a small slice of the case at large. Only the individual defendants, Fields and Watson, are involved: qualified immunity does not apply to the Georgia Department of Human Resources and its agency, the Georgia Regional Hospital-Atlanta. Whether appellee stated causes of action under the ADEA, Title VII, section 1981, and section 1983 is not at issue. Only the qualified immunity issue as it relates to appellee's due process claim brought under section 1983 is before us.
20
The district court's denial of summary judgment to Dr. Fields and Ms. Watson on the basis of their qualified immunity from the Sec. 1983 due process claim is a final order of the district court and thus appealable as of right to this court under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1291.
21
A. Appellate Jurisdiction Over Qualified Immunity Claims.
22
The qualified immunity determination " '... falls within that "small class [of decisions] which finally determine claims of right separable from, and collateral to, rights asserted in the action, too important to be denied review and too independent of the cause itself to require that appellate consideration be deferred until the whole case is adjudicated." ' " Rich v. Dollar, 841 F.2d 1558, 1560 (11th Cir.1988), quoting Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 524-25, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 2814-15, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985), in turn quoting Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp., 337 U.S. 541, 546, 69 S.Ct. 1221, 1225-26, 93 L.Ed. 1528 (1949).
23
The denial of defendants' claim for qualified immunity in this case turned on an issue of law since "[t]he district court's determination that a genuine issue of material fact precluded it from granting summary judgment for appellant based on his claims of immunity is itself a question of law." So long as substantial factual development has occurred,1 factual disputes do not affect qualified immunity analysis since "that analysis assumes the validity of the plaintiff's version of the facts and then examines whether those facts 'support a claim of violation of clearly established law.' " Goddard v. Urrea, 847 F.2d 765, 769 (11th Cir.1988) (Johnson, dissenting). See Mitchell, 472 U.S. at 527-28, 105 S.Ct. at 2816 ("issue is a purely legal one: whether the facts alleged ... by the plaintiff ... support a claim of violation of clearly established law"); see also, Rich, 841 F.2d at 530 (same). This principle rests on the rationale that the asserted immunity is an immunity not merely from ultimate liability--it protects public officials from having to stand trial at all. Id.
24
The district court in this case determined there to be a genuine issue of fact whether the position allegedly created for Ms. Watson was the same as the position previously held by Ms. Horlock. If not, the court implied, then Ms. Horlock would not have a property interest in the new position and Dr. Fields' actions, while possibly a violation of Title VII and/or the ADEA, would not be a violation of a clearly established right to be free from the arbitrary and capricious deprivation of a property right.
25
If plaintiff could prove at trial that the new administrative "assistant" position is the same as the administrative "secretary" position--the district court implicitly held and appellee argues in this court--the defendants' actions (as alleged by plaintiff) would constitute a violation of clearly established rights; thus the defendants would not be entitled to immunity.
26
We are therefore faced with a purely legal determination of whether the district court's analysis is correct.2 Accordingly, we turn our attention to the merits of the immunity claim.
27
B. Qualified Immunity Analysis.
28
Under the Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818, 102 S.Ct. 2727, 2738, 73 L.Ed.2d 396 (1982) qualified immunity test, "government officials performing discretionary functions generally are shielded from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person should have known."
29
Zeigler v. Jackson, 716 F.2d 847 (11th Cir.1983) sets forth the two-part allocation of proof to be administered by courts of this circuit when applying the Harlow objective reasonableness test. First, the defendant public official must demonstrate that he was acting within the scope of his discretionary authority. Id. at 849. There seems to be no dispute in this case that defendants Fields and Watson satisfy this requirement for gaining qualified immunity.
30
After the defendant public official satisfies this burden, the plaintiff must show that the defendant lacked good faith in taking the discretionary actions. The plaintiff satisfies this burden through proof demonstrating that the defendants "violated clearly established constitutional law." Id.
31
As explained in Rich v. Dollar, 841 F.2d 1558, 1564 (11th Cir.1988), Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511, 105 S.Ct. 2806, 86 L.Ed.2d 411 (1985) teaches that there are
32
two questions of law that we must decide in completing the second step of the Zeigler analysis: ascertainment of the law that was clearly established at the time of the defendant's action, and a determination as to the existence of a genuine issue of fact as to whether the defendant engaged in conduct violative of the rights established by that clearly-established law.3
33
These determinations go to questions of law that are subject to de novo review by this court. Rich, 841 F.2d at 1563.
34
In establishing whether the facts viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff support a finding that Dr. Fields and Ms. Watson violated "clearly established" rights, we must define the appropriate legal norms. In order to assert a valid claim for the deprivation of due process, a plaintiff must show (1) that the defendant acted under color of state law,4 (2) and deprived the plaintiff, (3) of life, liberty,5 or a property interest, (4) in a manner that is "without due process." Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 536-37, 101 S.Ct. 1908, 1913-14, 68 L.Ed.2d 420 (1981).
35
In determining whether the plaintiff has asserted the deprivation of a "clearly established right" for the purpose of qualified immunity analysis, the Supreme Court in Anderson v. Creighton, 483 U.S. 635, 640, 107 S.Ct. 3034, 3039, 97 L.Ed.2d 523 (1987), has stated that "[t]he contours of the right must be sufficiently clear that a reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates the right." It is insufficient, therefore, for the plaintiff merely to claim that the Fourteenth Amendment (and section 1983) provides appellee with a "clearly established right" to "due process of law" which the defendants should have been aware. The test of "clearly established law" must be applied at a level such that a reasonable public official would understand that the specific action he is taking violates the law. Id., 107 S.Ct. at 3039.
36
We agree with the district court that if, as alleged by the plaintiff-appellee, the defendants' actions were pretextual and motivated by discrimination on the basis of age and race, those actions were taken "without due process." But, as explained supra, this is only one element of a valid due process claim.
37
Plaintiff must demonstrate that she was deprived of a property interest when she was transferred from her administrative secretary position in the Superintendent's Office at GRHA to an administrative secretary position in the Planning and Development Office at GRHA. See Hearn v. City of Gainesville, 688 F.2d 1328, 1332 (11th Cir.1982), citing Bishop v. Wood, 426 U.S. 341, 343-47, 96 S.Ct. 2074, 2076-79, 48 L.Ed.2d 684 (1976).
38
The district court correctly found that if the administrative assistant position was newly created and not merely the secretary position by a contrived name, Ms. Horlock was not deprived of a property interest: the law does not recognize a property interest in a mere expectation. Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 2709, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972).
39
The district court erred, however, in finding that if the administrative "assistant" position is the same as the administrative "secretary" position and Dr. Fields simply transferred Ms. Horlock for discriminatory reasons in order to place Ms. Watson in that same position, Ms. Horlock was, without more, deprived of a "clearly established" right. The district court mistakenly focused on the alleged misconduct undertaken by the defendants, rather than on Ms. Horlock's actual loss.
40
It is undisputed that Ms. Horlock still retains her Merit System job classification at GRHA. Nor does plaintiff-appellee claim that she was suspended without pay, demoted, or subjected to a reduction in salary.6 In essence, appellee claims that although she has the same job classification, carries out the same duties, and receives the same pay, she has lost the opportunity to work in one section of GRHA rather than the other and has thereby been deprived of a property interest.
41
The existence of a property interest is determined by reference to state law. Bishop, 426 U.S. at 344, 96 S.Ct. at 2077; Whalen v. City of Atlanta, 539 F.Supp. 1202, 1205 (N.D.Ga.1982). Under Georgia law, an employee does not have a property interest in a particular position within the employing organization. See Clark v. State Personnel Board, 252 Ga. 548, 550, 314 S.E.2d 658 (1984). More specifically, unless the aggrieved employee has suffered a dismissal from employment, demotion, disciplinary reduction in salary, or suspension without pay, she has not suffered an "adverse action" nor been deprived of any property interest. See Horne v. Skelton, 152 Ga.App. 654, 658, 263 S.E.2d 528 (1979), citing Sec. 15.101 of the Rules and Regulations of the [Georgia] State Merit System of Personnel Administration.
42
We need not make a definitive determination, however, as to whether under Georgia law and the facts of this case, such a lateral transfer deprived Ms. Horlock of a property interest. Under the Supreme Court's qualified immunity jurisprudence, as expressed in Harlow, Mitchell, Anderson, and interpreted by this court in Rich, our role is confined to determining whether the right asserted was "clearly established" at the time it was alleged to have been violated.7 In the context of this case, this requires the plaintiff-appellee to demonstrate the deprivation of a "clearly established" property interest. We are satisfied that the appellee has not carried this burden.8III. CONCLUSION
43
Even if, as Ms. Horlock alleges, the defendant public officials transferred her without due process and did not create a truly "new" position to which Ms. Horlock had no property interest, the defendants did not violate a "clearly established right" and thus were entitled to qualified immunity on the section 1983 due process claim.
44
The decision of the district court is REVERSED. The case is REMANDED to the district court with instructions to grant defendants' motion for summary judgment on the basis of their qualified immunity to the section 1983 due process claim.
ORDER
45
Before TJOFLAT, Chief Judge, FAY, KRAVITCH, JOHNSON, HATCHETT, ANDERSON, CLARK, EDMONDSON and COX, Circuit Judges.***
BY THE COURT:
46
A majority of the judges in active service on the court's own motion having determined to have this case reheard en banc.
47
IT IS ORDERED that the above cause shall be reheard by this court en banc without oral argument during the week of June 11, 1990, on a date hereafter to be fixed. The clerk will specify a briefing schedule for the filing of en banc briefs. The previous panel's opinion is hereby VACATED.
*
See Rule 34-2(b), Rules of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
**
Honorable Joseph T. Sneed, Senior U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit, sitting by designation
1
In Riley v. Wainwright, 810 F.2d 1006 (11th Cir.1987), the district court denied the qualified immunity claim because it determined that "substantial [additional] factual development" was needed before that court could adequately assess the qualified immunity claim. See Goddard v. Urrea, 847 F.2d 765, 769 (11th Cir.1988) (dismissing an appeal on this ground, citing Riley ). But see, Goddard, 847 F.2d at 769 (Johnson, dissenting) (arguing that Riley was distinguishable and that appellate court should have assumed facts as alleged by plaintiff and decided immunity issue)
In this case, the district court decided as a matter of law that the material factual dispute over whether the "secretary" and "assistant" positions were the same precluded it from granting summary judgment. The district court did not find, as did the court in Riley, that general factual development was necessary for a proper evaluation of the immunity defense. See Rich, 841 F.2d at 1561 n. 1 (distinguishing Riley on this ground).
2
As is readily apparent from the discussion in the text, under the facts of this case the qualified immunity question turns squarely on whether Ms. Horlock had a property interest in her assignment as an administrative secretary in the Superintendent's Office at GRHA, rather than as an administrative secretary in the Development Section at GRHA. Appellee is therefore entirely correct to argue that appellants are attempting in this appeal to raise the very same property interest issue that we declined to evaluate on appellants' petition for discretionary review under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 1292. (There, appellants asserted that the lack of a property interest meant that the appellee failed to state a section 1983 due process violation.)
Appellee is entirely incorrect, however, to conclude from the re-emergence of an issue that we declined to take up on discretionary appeal that we should or could decline to give that issue its due consideration when presented in a nondiscretionary appeal. As discussed in the text, appellants are entitled to have this court decide whether the district court correctly interpreted the law of qualified immunity as applied to the facts alleged by the plaintiff-appellee. If the property interest issue is crucial to our determination of whether defendants are entitled to qualified immunity--and appellee has not argued to the contrary--we must evaluate that question regardless of whether the same matter was presented on the merits of a discretionary appeal that we declined to hear.
In essence, appellants came to this court the first time with no "ticket" to enter the "dance hall." We declined to let appellants "in" for free. Now that appellants have presented the appropriate "ticket," it matters not in the least that they have chosen to perform the same "dance." Cf. Godbold, Twenty Pages and Twenty Minutes--Effective Advocacy on Appeal, 30 Sw.L.J. 801, 805 (1976) (analogizing elements of appellate jurisdiction to "tickets" for review.)
3
See Mitchell, 472 U.S. at 528, 105 S.Ct. at 2816-17 (appellate court must determine whether legal norms allegedly violated were established at time of challenged actions); and Id. at 526, 105 S.Ct. at 2815-6 (plaintiff must uncover through discovery sufficient evidence to create genuine issue of whether defendant committed alleged acts)
4
Appellants concede that their actions were taken under color of state law. Appellant's Brief at 14
5
Plaintiff-appellee makes no claim that she was deprived of a life or liberty interest
6
Appellee did make passing reference in the statement of facts in her brief that she was not granted an annual merit increase in salary due to the low score she received from Ms. Watson on the Report of Performance. However, appellee did not argue that this amounted to a property interest; nor do we find it to be a property interest since it appears to be a mere expectation. See, Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972)
7
See, e.g., Mitchell, 472 U.S. at 528, 105 S.Ct. at 2816-17 (appellate court need not determine whether plaintiff's allegations actually state a claim; need only determine whether legal norms allegedly violated were clearly established)
8
As we sought to make clear in our discussion of the procedural aspects of this case, our decision today affects only a small portion of this case--the section 1983 due process claim asserted against the individual defendants
Drawing upon the magistrate's report, the district court made the following assessment of general complexion of this case:
The magistrate aptly summarized the nature of this case: Plaintiff alleges defendants denied her her right to be free from discrimination in employment on the basis of race and age, the right to protest unlawful employment practices of the defendants, and the right not to be deprived of a protected property interest without due process of law. These are fundamental rights which have been established through the Title VII, ADEA, and the Civil Rights statutes which defendants should have been aware of. None of these statutes are of recent enactment.
With the exception of the implicit assumption in this passage that misconduct violative of statutory and constitutional norms automatically leads to the deprivation of a property interest, we agree with the above assessment of the case. The lack of a "deprived property interest" does not make the alleged misconduct somehow proper or lawful. As the above statement makes clear, other rights and remedies may be available to Ms. Horlock.
***
Senior U.S. Circuit Judge James C. Hill has elected to participate in further proceedings in this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. Sec. 46(c)
|
Khalil Taha (13 July 1932 - 27 July 2020) was a Lebanese wrestler. At the 1951 Mediterranean Games in Alexandria Egypt, Taha won the silver medal in the 73 kg Greco-Roman wrestling.
At the 1952 Summer Olympics, he won the bronze medal in the men's Greco-Roman Welterweight category. |
/*
* MIT License
*
* Copyright (c) 2018 Kasun Vithanage
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
* copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
package util
import (
"errors"
"strings"
)
var (
// ErrUnbalancedQuotes raised when quotes are not balanced in a string
ErrUnbalancedQuotes = errors.New("unbalanced quotes")
)
// ToString Convert an interface to string
func ToString(i interface{}) string {
if s, ok := i.(string); ok {
return s
}
return ""
}
// SplitSpacesWithQuotes will split the string by spaces and preserve texts inside " " marks
// error is returned when an unbalanced quote was found in the string
func SplitSpacesWithQuotes(s string) ([]string, error) {
var ret []string
var buf = new(strings.Builder) // not in quote string buffer
var scanned string
var err error
for pos := 0; pos < len(s); pos++ {
char := s[pos]
switch char {
case ' ':
if buf.Len() > 0 {
ret = append(ret, buf.String())
buf.Reset()
}
case '"':
pos, scanned, err = scanForByte(s, pos, '"')
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
ret = append(ret, scanned)
default:
buf.WriteByte(char)
}
}
if buf.Len() > 0 {
ret = append(ret, buf.String())
}
return ret, nil
}
func scanForByte(s string, pos int, r byte) (int, string, error) {
var ret = new(strings.Builder)
for pos++; pos < len(s); pos++ {
char := s[pos]
switch char {
case '\\':
if pos >= len(s)-1 {
return 0, "", ErrUnbalancedQuotes
}
pos++
ret.WriteByte(s[pos])
case r:
return pos, ret.String(), nil
default:
ret.WriteByte(char)
}
}
return 0, "", ErrUnbalancedQuotes
}
|
The glottal stop (or glottal plosive) is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is . The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is <?> . In English, this sound is found in a few accents. One example is the break in "uh-oh".
Features
Features of the glottal stop:
It has no phonation. This means that it is not a voiced or voiceless sound. This is because there is no air flow through the glottis when the sound is being made.
Writing
When many languages, such as Arabic, are Romanized (which means they are written with the Latin alphabet instead of their usual writing system), the glottal stop is written with the apostrophe or the symbol `. This is where the IPA letter comes from. In many Polynesian languages that use the Latin alphabet, the glottal stop is written with a rotated apostrophe, . This letter is called 'okina in Hawaiian and Samoan. In Malay the glottal stop is written with the letter (at the end of words). In Voro and Maltese, it is written with .
Other writing systems also have letters for the glottal stop. For example, the Hebrew alphabet uses the letter aleph . Cyrillic has the letter palochka . This letter is used in several Caucasian languages. Modern Latin alphabets for some Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus use the letter heng (' '). In Tundra Nenets, it is written with the letters apostrophe and double apostrophe . In Japanese, glottal stops occur at the end of interjections of surprise or anger and are written with .
When most Philippine languages are written, the glottal stop is not written all the time. Usually, a word that begins with a vowel (for example, Tagalog , "dog") is always pronounced with a glottal stop before that vowel. (This also happens in Modern German and Hausa.) This glottal stop is not written. Some orthographies (or ways of writing words) use a hyphen instead of the reverse apostrophe if the glottal stop is in the middle of the word (e.g. Tagalog , "love"; or Visayan gabi-i, "night"). If it is at the end of a word, the last vowel is written with a circumflex accent (known as the pakupya) if the last vowel is stressed and there is a glottal stop in the final vowel (for example, basa, "wet"). If the stress is on the penultimate, or second-to-last, syllable, then a grave accent (known as the paiwa) is used (for example, bata, "child").
Some Canadian indigenous languages, especially some of the Salishan languages, use the letter ? itself as part of their writing systems. In some of them, there are uppercase and lowercase letters for the glottal stop: and . The number 7 or question mark is sometimes used instead of ?. Some languages, such as Squamish, use this instead of ?. SENCOTEN uses the comma to write the glottal stop. However, this is optional in SENCOTEN.
In 2015, two women challenged the government of the Northwest Territories. They wanted to use the ? character in their daughters' names: Sahai?a, a Chipewyan name, and Sakae?ah, a Slavey name. The government told them that the identity documents the government uses could not have the letter ? on them. Because of this, the women instead used hyphens in their daughters' names. After this, they continued to challenge the government.
In the Crow language, the glottal stop is written as a question mark: ?. The only time the glottal stop is used in Crow is as a question marker morpheme, at the end of a sentence. (A question marker makes a sentence into a question.)
Examples |
Lindke and Barnaby lived together from January 2012 until they broke up in September. According to what the Buffalo News gleaned from the suit, Barnaby possesses the 2008 Escalade but he had signed the title over to Lindke last January, after his license was suspended for a DWI—an incident in which police say he drove nine miles without one of his Porsche's front wheels. No money changed hands in the vehicle transaction, but Barnaby maintains that he continued to pay the insurance. The engagement ring was given to Lindke when Barnaby proposed sometime over the summer, though the couple can't even agree on what month that happened.
Lindke's lawyer said the SUV was "a gift," and that Lindke intends to keep both the Escalade and the ring. Oh, Lindke also intends to file a countersuit alleging that Barnaby owes her money for work she had done creating his website, which is a thing that actually exists.
Barnaby may have standing to get the ring back under New York state law, according to the Buffalo News, which also said Barnaby now works as a youth hockey coach. |
Charles Wilson Buttz (November 16, 1837 - July 20, 1913) was a U.S. Representative for South Carolina.
He was born in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He died in Lisbon, North Dakota. |
extern NSString * const SERVICE_RESPONSE_ID;
extern NSString * const SERVICE_RESPONSE_UUID;
extern NSString * const SERVICE_RESPONSE_DEVICE_ID;
extern NSString * const SERVICE_RESPONSE_ID_PRIMARY;
|
Ken Tokura (born 16 June 1986) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vissel Kobe.
Club career statistics
|-
|2005||rowspan="4"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2006||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2007||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2008||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Thespa Kusatsu||rowspan="2"|J. League 2||14||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||15||3
|-
|2009||43||23||2||2||colspan="2"|-||45||25
|-
|2010||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
63||26||3||2||1||0||67||28
63||26||3||2||1||0||67||28
|} |
It is generally known that a semiconductor having few crystal defects and good crystallinity is grown on a substrate by using a substrate lattice-matched with the semiconductor to be grown. There is, however, no substrate that is lattice-matched with a nitride semiconductor, has excellent crystallinity, and allows a nitride semiconductor crystal-to be stably grown. For this reason, there is no choice but to grow a nitride semiconductor on a substrate, e.g., a sapphire, spinnel, or silicon carbide substrate, that is not lattice-matched with nitride semiconductors.
Various research institutes have made attempts to manufacture GaN bulk crystals that are lattice-matched with nitride semiconductors. However, it has only been reported that GaN bulk crystals having sizes of several millimeters are obtained. That is, any practical GaN bulk crystal like the one from which many wafers are cut to be actually used as substrates for the growth of nitride semiconductor layers has not been obtained.
As a technique of manufacturing GaN substrates, for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publication Nos. 7-202265 and 7-165498 disclose a technique of forming a ZnO buffer layer on a sapphire substrate, growing a nitride semiconductor on the ZnO buffer layer, and dissolving and removing the ZnO buffer layer. However, since the ZnO buffer layer grown on the sapphire substrate has poor crystallinity, it is difficult to obtain a nitride semiconductor crystal having good quality by growing a nitride semiconductor on the buffer layer. In addition, it is difficult to continuously grow a nitride semiconductor thick enough to be used as a substrate on the thin ZnO buffer layer.
When a nitride semiconductor electronic element used for various electronic devices such as a light-emitting diode (LED) device, a laser diode (LD) device, and a light-receiving device is to be manufactured, if a substrate made of a nitride semiconductor having few crystal defects can be manufactured, a new nitride semiconductor having few lattice defects and forming a device structure can be grown on the substrate. Therefore, the obtained device acquires greatly improved performance. That is, a high-performance device that has not been realized in the past can be realized.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a method of growing a nitride semiconductor crystal having excellent crystallinity.
More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of growing a nitride semiconductor crystal that can provide a nitride semiconductor substrate, a nitride semiconductor substrate, and a nitride semiconductor device formed on the nitride semiconductor substrate. |
Bridge to Terabithia is a fantasy movie. It was released in 2007. The director of the movie was Gabor Csupo. It was adapted for a movie by David L. Paterson and Jeff Stockwell. The movie is based on the Katherine Paterson novel of the same name. Walt Disney Pictures distributed the movie in the U.S.A. Bridge to Terabithia tells the story of two 12-year-old neighbours, Jesse Aarons and Leslie Burke. They spend their free time in an abandoned tree house where they create a fantasy world called Terabithia.
David Paterson, who wrote the screenplay, is Katherine Paterson's son. The novel is based on parts of his childhood. When he asked his mother if he could write a screenplay of the novel, she agreed. This was because he could write plays well. Production of the movie began in February 2006. The movie was shot by November. It was shot mainly in Auckland, New Zealand within two months. It took ten weeks to edit the movie. Post-production, music mixing, and visual effects took many months.
Bridge to Terabithia was released in the US and Canada on February 16, 2007. The movie was successful in terms of earnings. With a budget of around $20 million, it collected US$137 million worldwide. The movie received positive reviews. Critics called it faithful to the children's novel. They said the visuals and performances made the movie imaginative. Bridge to Terabithia was nominated for seven awards. It won five of them at the Young Artist Awards.
Plot
Jesse "Jess" Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a fifth grader who wants to be an artist. He lives with his financially poor family in Lark Creek. He rides the bus to school with his little sister, May Belle (Bailee Madison). He avoids the school bully, Janice Avery (Lauren Clinton). In class, his classmates, Scott Hoager (Cameron Wakefield) and Gary Fulcher (Elliot Lawless) tease him. A new student his age named Leslie Burke (AnnaSophia Robb) comes to the school. At recess, Jess enters a running event, for which he had been training at home. Leslie also enters it. She manages to beat all the boys, including Jess. This irritates Jess. While going home, Jess and Leslie learn that they are next-door neighbors.
Later in the evening, Jess becomes angry to find his sister has drawn in his notebook. His strict father (Robert Patrick) sides with her. The next day at school, Leslie praises Jess' drawing ability. This is after she sees his notebook. They soon become best friends. After school, they go into the woods. There, they swing across a creek on a rope. Jess and Leslie find an abandoned tree house and a broken down truck on the other side of the creek. They invent a new world, which they call Terabithia. The fantasy world reflects their lives. It comes to life as they explore the area. For the next few days, Jess and Leslie spend their free time in the tree house and learn about one another.
Leslie gives Jess an art kit for his birthday. This pleases Jess very much. Later, he gives her a puppy. She names it Prince Terrien. Once in Terabithia, they fight with various creatures, including a troll that looks like Janice Avery, the school bully. At school, May Belle shows her friend Alexandra what she has for her snack, Twinkies. Jess tells her that she should not brag about them. At recess, May Belle tells Jess and Leslie that Janice stole her Twinkies. Leslie becomes frustrated by Janice's fee for entering the toilet. Jess and Leslie play a trick on Janice. Everyone laughs at her at the bus for this.
Once Leslie's parents finish writing their book, she and Jess help paint their house. Jess is impressed by her parents' happiness and watches the family. At school on Friday, Leslie hears Janice crying in the bathroom. After Leslie talks with her, she learns that the reason why Janice is a bully is because she is abused by her father. They become friends. Jess and Leslie take Prince Terrein to Terabithia. There they fight off several creatures that look like students at their school. They decide to go home when it starts raining. The creek gets higher than ever due to the rain.
The next morning, Ms. Edmunds (Zooey Deschanel), Jess' music teacher, invites him on a one-on-one field trip to an art museum. Jess tries to ask his mother's permission. As she is half-asleep, he takes her mumbling as approval. Jess does not ask Leslie to come with him. When he returns home, Jess finds that his father and mother are worried. This is because they did not know where he was. His father tells him that Leslie drowned in the river that morning. This happened when Jess went to the museum. Jess is very sad to hear this. He visits the Burke family home with his parents to pay their respects. Leslie's father, Bill Burke (Latham Gaines), tells Jess that she loved him. He thanks him for being a very good friend to her, since she could not make friends at her old school. Jess feels very guilty for Leslie's death. His father consoles him to keep their friendship alive for her sake. Jess decides to re-imagine Terabithia and builds a bridge across the river to welcome a new ruler. He invites his sister, May Belle to enter Terabithia. She is delighted because she was not allowed to enter before. She and Jess make Terabithia even better, with Jess as king and his sister as princess.
Production
Production for the movie began in February 2006, with a budget of around $20 million. The main photography for the movie was shot in Auckland, New Zealand in sixty days. movie editing took ten weeks. Post-production, music mixing, and visual effects took a few months. The movie was finished by November 2006. This was because the crew "had to rush" to finish it by February 16. The movie was directed by Gabor Csupo. Walden Media President Cary Granat first recommended him to direct the movie. Csupo had never done a live-action movie before. However, he said it "didn't worry Granat in the least". Csupo noted that he was interested in making the movie. He "had the ambition to do a live-action movie for a long time", but that he "didn't like anything until I read this book". He called the book "beautiful" and said that it "moved [him]". The cinematographer of Bridge to Terabithia was Michael Chapman. This was his final movie before he retired. Chapman mentioned in the film's DVD commentary that he retired after the movie because he wanted his last movie to be a good one. He said: "this is such a beautiful story, and it's exactly the kind of movie I want to do at this time in my life".
Casting
Director Csupo stated they had thought of no actors for the movie at first. The first actor cast was AnnaSophia Robb as Leslie Burke. Robb wrote Csupo "such a beautiful, heartwarming letter" that showed she loved the book and character. Csupo said Robb was cast for the movie because of "her letter, her enthusiasm, and her love of the material". Robb also talked with Lauren Levine, the producer of the movie, before casting even began. "[T]heir conversation convinced her that, without a doubt, AnnaSophia was meant for this role," Csupo stated. Levine said "it was just so clear in talking to her about all this fantasy that I was basically talking to Leslie, that she had that same kind of spark and magical presence. She might be physically different from Leslie in the book, but the spirit of Leslie and the spirit of AnnaSophia are nearly identical. It was a match made in heaven." With regard to the character, Robb said "[Leslie]'s one of those people who's just always lit up, who has this glow about her, and no one can bring her down. Leslie's such a lively and energetic character, it was really fun for me to become her."
Levine noted that "looking for Jess was a really tough hunt. We needed someone who could go from an introverted boy in an isolated world to someone who completely taps into his imagination and becomes a confident, brave leader in Terabithia. That's a heck of a range for such a young actor." Josh Hutcherson was not their first choice for the role of Jess Aarons. He was chosen as they "felt the chemistry between AnnaSophia Robb and him". Hutcherson said that he liked the project because of "the real life day-to-day drama as well as the arc of the character Jess".
The filmmakers cast Robert Patrick as Jess' father. He was chosen due to his experience in several movies in the past. Patrick explained that he could relate to the plot. He was "constantly creating imaginary worlds as a kid" himself, and that the movie reminded him of the place where he grew up. He also said that he agreed to act because it was a movie his children could watch.
Bailee Madison was cast as May Belle Aarons. Csupo said they searched for a long time for someone to play her role. She had "such a charm, even before the camera, she was just like a little sweetheart," he said. She was confident, shook hands with everybody and was "totally sweet and perky". Csupo was pleased by her attitude and cast her for the movie.
Design and effects
Csupo explained that "it was a very conscious decision from the very beginning that we're not going to overdo the visual effects because of the story's integrity and the book's integrity." There was only a small mention of Jess and Leslie fighting creatures in Terabithia in the book. For this reason, they "tried to do the absolute minimum, which would be required to put it into a movie version".
To design the creatures of Terabithia, Csupo wanted to use "little more artsy, imaginative, fantastical creatures than the typical rendered characters you see in other movies." He was inspired by Terry Gilliam and Ridley Scott. Dima Malanitchev drew the creatures. Csupo helped him in this. Csupo chose Weta Digital render the 3D animation. He "was impressed with their artistic integrity, the teamwork, the [fact that] people were really nice, and also they responded to our designs very positively." Weta modified some of the creature designs. However, they mainly used Csupo's original designs.
100 crew members from Weta worked for the movie. Weta was doing the animations when the movie was being shot. Weta crew members saw the shooting of all scenes involving these creatures. Weta's Matt Aitken said the process of animation was "split into two steps". First, natural-looking creatures were created based on pencil sketches by Csupo and Malanitchev. Photoshop pictures made by visual effects art director Michael Pangrazio was used for this. The second step was to use the best animation and motion style for the creatures.
Leslie's costumes in the movie were designed to look as if the character "might have made some of them herself". They were updated from those described in the book. This was because the descriptions in the book would appear odd now.
Writing
Producer and screenwriter David L. Paterson is the novel's author's son. His name was featured on its dedication page. The story was based on his real life best friend, Lisa Hill. Hill had been struck by lightning. She was killed when they were both eight years old. Paterson had asked his mother, Katherine Paterson, if he could write a screenplay of the novel. She agreed "not only because he's [her] son, but also because he's a very good playwright". Paterson found it difficult to market his screenplay. It was mainly because of Leslie's death. "[I]f you can believe this, I did meet with some companies that asked if I could just 'hurt' Leslie a little bit--put her in a light coma and then bring her out".
Paterson said it was very important for him to keep the spirit of the book alive. At the same time, he had to change it from "a novel that takes place mostly in the characters' heads to a dynamic visual medium". Paterson knew that the movie had to be about friendship and imagination. He focused "bringing out the emotions of the story." He said he found it difficult to write about Terabithia. This was "because it was too close". He credited fellow screenwriter Jeff Stockwell for recreating Terabithia for the movie. "What Jeff was able to do as an outsider who wasn't so attached to the story was to really let his imagination go free and make up this world in a wonderful way", David said. Csupo said that the two main characters are a little bit older in the movie. Csupo claims the movie "deals with so many issues including friendship, and maybe first innocent love, things like that", so it "made more sense" to make the characters older.
Music
The film's musical score was composed by Aaron Zigman. He was hired after Alison Krauss did not compose the music. Zigman said there are similarities between the music he made fro Bridge to Terabithia and the movie Flicka. He said: "[...]at times there's a bit of a Celtic influence but not much", but he also went on to say that there was a more modern feel to the music he composed for Bridge to Terabithia. The score he composed for the movie is described as "very large" compared to his other work, and Zigman commented that "Aside from the minimalist stuff and coloring that I love to do, I also like big orchestral stuff, and want to do more of that, and this movie enabled me to spread my wings out a bit." The official soundtrack for the movie was released by Hollywood Records on February 13, 2007.
Release
Promotion
Reviewers criticized the film's advertisement campaign. One critic said the movie was actually "grounded in reality far more than in fantasy." Another thought, "far from a computer generated [created] escapist fantasy, this movie is an unpretentious [not pretending] and touching tale of preteen companionship and loss".
Distribution
The movie premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on February 16, 2007. Paterson, who studied in The Catholic University of America, held a special advance screening of the movie for them. This was shown at the AFI Silver Theatre in Silver Spring, Maryland on February 1, 2007. The movie opened in the UK on May 4, 2007, and in New Zealand June 7, 2007. The movie grossed "a higher-than-expected" $28,536,717 from 2,284 screens. It earned an average of $9,885 per screen. The opening day had collections of $6.3 million. The movie has a worldwide gross of US$120 million. It grossed $80 million in the US and Canada.
The DVD and Blu-ray Disc were released on June 19, 2007 in the US. The DVD and Blu-ray version had "Digital Imagination: Bringing Terabithia to Life", "Behind the Book: The Themes of Bridge to Terabithia" It also had "Keep Your Mind Wide Open" music video by Robb, and two audio commentaries. The first was with director Csupo, writer Jeff Stockwell, and producer Hal Lieberman. The second was with producer Lauren Levine and actors Hutcherson and Robb.
Reception
Critical reception
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes said 85% of 137 collected reviews for Bridge to Terabithia were positive. The average score was 7.1/10. Critics said the movie was "a faithful adaptation of a beloved children's novel and a powerful portrayal of love, loss, and imagination through children's eyes. Dynamic visuals and natural performances further enhance the imaginative film". At Metacritic, the movie got 74 out of 100 from 25 reviews. This meant it received "generally favorable reviews".
James Berardinelli of ReelViews called Bridge to Terabithia "easily the best family feature of the early year". Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post praised the script. She said it was "utterly recognizable and authentic", and thought Robb and Hutcherson were "perfectly cast". Hornaday said the final five minutes showed "oversweet sentiment." Viewers would remember the film's "warmth and respect with which it pays homage [respect] to first love," she added. Jessica Grose of The Village Voice praised director Csupo for not showing "cutesy tween [neither a child, nor a teenager] stereotypes." She felt Jess' relationship with his father made Bridge to Terabithia from "a good kids movie to a classic contender". The New York Times Jeannette Catsoulis believed that the fantasy was kept in the background "to find magic in the everyday", and thought Csupo directed "like someone intimate with the pain of being different, allowing each personality more than a single characteristic". She particularly praised Deschanel and Madison. Catsoulis said the movie handled adult topics with "with nuance [cleverly] and sensitivity". Since it was smart and "delicate as a spider web", it was the kind of children's movie "rarely seen nowadays". Miriam di Nunzio of the Chicago Sun-Times praised Hutcherson and Robb's performances. "[T]he film's heart and soul rests on the abilities of its young lead characters to make us really see the world through children's eyes. The dynamic duo of Hutcherson and Robb do not disappoint," she noted.
Not all reviews were positive. Claudia Puig of USA Today said "for a movie about the power of imagination, Bridge to Terabithia is not as clever as you would hope". Puig said it was an average translation of the novel. But the adult characters were too caricatured or exaggerated in the movie. The real-life portions of the movie were "derivative and simplistic", but Jess' emotional feelings seemed "powerfully authentic, and this is where the movie finds its truth and soul". The Wall Street Journal critic Joe Morgenstern felt the movie overused fantasy. The critic added that the "agreeable simplicity in between computer-generated monsters". The young members of the cast were "appealing but unpolished". Morgenstern thought Csupo lacked experience in direction. Although Deschanel was the best among the adults, she seemed self-directed.
Awards and nominations
Bridge to Terabithia was nominated for seven awards. It won five of these. Josh Hutcherson was nominated at the 2008 Saturn Awards for "Best Performance by a Younger Actor". AnnaSophia Robb was nominated for a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for "Best Young Actress". The film won five awards at the Young Artist Awards. This included "Best Family Feature Film (Fantasy or Musical)" and "Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actor" for Hutcherson. Robb won "Best Performance in a Feature Film - Leading Young Actress", and Bailee Madison won "Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress Age Ten or Younger". The cast also won the award for "Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Ensemble Cast". The cast included Hutcherson, Robb, Madison, Wakefield, Clinton, Lawless, Isabelle Rose Kircher, Carly Owen, Devon Wood, Emma Fenton and Grace Brannigan. |
@fixture-OroCRMBundle:activities.yml
Feature: Activity list feature
In order to have ability manage contact activity
As OroCRM sales rep
I need to view, filter, paginate activities in activity list
Scenario: Filter activities by type
Given I login as administrator
Given I go to Customers/Contacts
And click view Charlie in grid
And there are 10 records in activity list
When I check "Task" in Activity Type filter
Then there are 2 records in activity list
When I check "Email" in Activity Type filter
Then there are 4 records in activity list
When I check "Call" in Activity Type filter
Then there are 6 records in activity list
When I check "Note" in Activity Type filter
Then there are 8 records in activity list
When I check "Calendar event" in Activity Type filter
Then there are 10 records in activity list
Scenario: Paginate activity list
Given the following note:
| activityTargets | createdAt | updatedAt |
| [@contactCharlie] | <dateTimeBetween("now", "now")> | <dateTimeBetween("now", "now")> |
And I reset Activity Type filter
And I shouldn't see "Merry Christmas" email in activity list
When go to older activities
Then I should see "Merry Christmas" email in activity list
Scenario: Filter activities by date range
Given I go to newer activities
And there are 10 records in activity list
And I shouldn't see "Merry Christmas" email in activity list
When I filter Date Range as between "2015-12-24" and "2015-12-26"
Then I should see "Merry Christmas" email in activity list
And there is one record in activity list
|
Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968, in Glasgow) is a Scottish actor. He is best known for playing Peregrin Took in the Lord of the Rings movie trilogy (2001-2003) and Barrett Bonden in Peter Weir's movie Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003).
Talents
As well as being an actor, he can sing, and play the guitar, bass, and drums. He wrote and sang a song in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.
He worked as a book-binder for 6 years before becoming an actor. One of the books he bound was The Lord of the Rings.
He lives in a house in Lesmahagow with his girlfriend, Alison McKinnon. On 26 April 2006, he and McKinnon had their first child: Jack William Boyd.
Filmography
Stone of Destiny (2008)Ecstasy (2007) as WoodsyThe Flying Scotsman (2006) as MalkySave Angel Hope (2006) as VinceMidsummer Dream (2005) voice of PuckOn a Clear Day (2005) as DannyInstant Credit (2004) as FrankieSeed of Chucky (2004) as the voice of GlenThe Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) as Peregrin TookMaster and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) as Barrett BondenThe Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) as Peregrin TookSniper 470 (2002) as the SniperThe Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) as Peregrin TookJulie and the Cadillacs (1999) as Jimmy CampbellUrban Ghost Story (1998) as the loan sharkThe Soldier's Leap'' (1998) as the postman |
Establishment of a mass screening method of sand fly vectors for Leishmania infection by molecular biological methods.
Surveillance of the prevalence of Leishmania and its vector, sand fly species, in endemic and surrounding areas is important for prediction of the risk and expansion of leishmaniasis. In this study, a method for the mass screening of sand flies for Leishmania infection was established. This method was applied to 319 field-captured specimens, and 5 positive sand flies were detected. Sand fly species were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the18S rRNA gene, and all the positive flies were Lu. hartmanni. Furthermore, cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene sequence analyses identified all the parasites as Endotrypanum species including a probable novel species. Because the method requires minimum effort and can process a large number of samples at once, it will be a powerful tool for studying the epidemiology of leishmaniasis. |
Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,566 at the 2000 census.
Towns in Louisiana
Settlements in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana |
Quick and Easy Pate Recipe
Even people who say they don't like liver love this easy spread. It is always a hit at parties. It can be made a couple of days ahead, which is a big plus during the holiday season. Recipe from the good folks at Bacardi Rum. |
Courbes is a commune. It is found in the region Picardie in the Aisne department in the north of France.
Communes in Aisne |
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Are you forgetting that I am a mother with a young son? I would no more go into the men's dressing room to help him pick out clothes than I would go into the men's locker room to help him get ready to swim. This is why I buy his clothing and try it on him at home and keep the receipt. If we ever have to buy him something that HAS to be tried on at the store, I'd either find a place with family dressing rooms or his dad would do it. Probably the former, since his dad hates shopping even more than I do.
I've seen mothers do it was my point. In fact I even had one walk in on me once, which was somewhat embarrassing for both parties. Just because you are perfectly "courteous" doesn't mean everyone is.
Are you arguing for my side now? You had a woman in the men's dressing room with you, it was embarrassing, you wish she hadn't come in? That is just about exactly what I have been saying!
No, its that damn Fe!
Bad Fe! No harmonizing with Ivy's postion!
I don't even know what your argument is anymore. You think people should be more courteous when it comes to dressing rooms? Fine, but the only thing people have direct control over is themselves. If you want some people who shouldn't be in a dressing room to learn that it is "discourteous" then request that the management ask them to leave. Next time they will probably know better.
Also, to Kiddo especially, but to a bunch of other people, please take a metaphorical step back before continuing to post, (since apparently some people have stronger opinions about this subject, that are rubbing up against each other kind of harshly. Remember, though, that others will have a different experience and opinions.)
For the most part I've been enjoying the debate with Kiddo here. I get a pretty friendly vibe from it. I was on debate team in college and sometimes I appreciate a sparring partner. But yeah, this thread seems to be getting pretty volatile so I echo Zergling's urgings to try and remain civil.
The one who buggers a fire burns his penis-anonymous graffiti in the basilica at Pompeii
No, it is called common sense. If a women was in a man's clothing store and she wanted to try on clothes and there was only one dressing room, then I feel it wouldn't be tasteless for her to use it. It goes either way, and it isn't based on any value, just practicality.
Okay, then... do you think other men feel this way, or is this just what you personally feel? What makes you believe it's common sense and not your opinion? Do common sense and practicality carry more weight than feelings, or do feelings carry more weight? We have to decide that before moving forward.
It seems silly to me that somebody is suppose to go out of there way for what might not even be an issue. If you percieve it as discourteous, then fine, but it's a free country and people also have the right to politely request that a person leave the dressing room. It's an inconvenience either way.
I'm just saying, there has to be a rule one way or the other for consistency's sake, because that would certainly constitute common sense, and resolve the issue (assuming that should be the standard). Also, it seems somewhat strange that you are demanding to be able to do something for practical reasons (thus disregarding other's feelings), yet turning around and using your feelings as a reason why you should be accommodated by these people enough to have a request made of you instead of you implicitly understanding it.
Have you studied rhetoric or logic much, Kiddo? I believe you would do well to do so. You have the passion, just not enough of the skill.
maybe it's different here, or I'm misunderstanding you, but I often see men in the dressing room area. Not in the actual stalls of course, but in the big room the stalls open into, sure. That room's usually fairly visible to the rest of the store, for that matter.
it doesn't seem like a big deal to me. I don't usually (ever?) see women coming out of the stalls half-dressed.
That's pretty much been my experience. I've only ever been in one store (a cheap department store) which has clearly defined changing rooms for men and women. Jeans shops catering to both men and women tend to have unisex change rooms here IIRC. The only places I feel uncomfortable with men hanging round dressing rooms are the lingerie sections of big department stores or lingerie shops - but maybe that's just my personal hang-up.
I'm sorry. I did not realize that it was common knowledge that if you are a male trying on women's clothes in a store that only has one dressing room, that you are suppose to go find another store out of respect for all the women who might or might not care whether you use that dressing room. Forgive me for not getting that memo from the courtesy police.
Kiddo did you even read the OP or did you just see me mention gay and transgender and you got all wild-eyed and foamy? Where did you get this from?
1. I was in a woman's clothing store. Not Old Navy, not Gap, not Express, no unisex changing rooms. I don't care about unisex changing rooms, but I assume in a woman's clothing store it's a single sex dressing room. That is not an unreasonable assumption. Nor do I think it's unreasonable or prudish to ask that in a woman's clothing store, I see women exclusively using the dressing rooms. You argument sounds idiotic.
2. There were several dressing rooms in both stores and one of the stores even had a lounge area for people to sit in. If the woman was so hellbent on having her boyfriend's (or whoever he was) she could have walked out to the waiting are and not had him sitting in the DRESSING ROOM PROPER. |
Mohamed Al-Fayed (; born Mohamed Fayed; 27 January 1929) is an Egyptian businessman. Fayed's business interests include ownership of Hotel Ritz Paris and formerly Harrods. He sold Fulham Football Club to Shahid Khan in 2013. His son Dodi died in a car crash in Paris with Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997.
Fayed was born in Roshdy, Alexandria. Dodi was the child from his first marriage to Samira Khashoggi from 1954 to 1956. He later married Finnish socialite and former model Heini Wathen in 1985. The couple have four children, including Omar. |
Immunochromatography can be utilized to perform tests of various diseases simply and easily.
Because an analyte in a specimen is usually a slightly-existing substance, such as an influenza virus, HBs antigen or the like, there are demands for enhancement of sensitivity of immunochromatographic tests. Also, there are demands for a test device that permits rapid detection of an analyte in a specimen.
Conventional test devices, however, have a problem that a long time is required for the elution of a labeling substance from a label holding member and thus for obtaining test results. |
Carcassonne () is a fortified French town, in the Aude departement, Occitanie region. It is separated into the fortified Cite de Carcassonne and the more expansive lower city, the ville basse.
This bastide, which was thoroughly restored from 1853 by the theorist and architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1997.
History
Romans fortified the hilltop of Carcassonne around 100 BC and eventually made it the colonia of Julia Carsaco, later Carcasum. The main part of the lower courses of the northern ramparts dates from Gallo-Roman times.
In 462 the Romans officially left and the Visigothic king Theodoric II built more fortifications at Carcassonne, some of them still stand. In 760, Pippin was unable to take Carcassonne, although he was able to most of the south of France.
In 1067 Carcassonne became the property of Raimond Bernard Trencavel, viscount of Albi and Nimes. Carcassonne became famous in its role in the Albigensian Crusades, when the city was a stronghold of occitan cathars. In August 1209 the crusading army of Simon de Montfort forced its citizens to surrender. He added to the fortifications. Carcassonne became a border citadel between France and Aragon.
Geography
Carcassonne is at about southeast of Toulouse in the space between the Pyrenees and the Massif Central of France. It is at the crossing of two major traffic routes: the route leading from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and that from the Massif Central to Spain, skirting the Pyrenees. Both routes exist since ancient history.
The commune is in the valley of the Aude river. Another river that flows through the city is the Fresquel river. The Canal du Midi also flows through the commune.
The commune of Carcassonne has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .
The commune of Carcassonne is surrounded by the communes:
Climate
The climate of Carcassonne, in the Koppen climate classification, is Cfb - oceanic climate with warm summers.
Population
The inhabitants of Carcassonne are known, in French, as Carcassonnais (women: Carcassonnaises ).
With a population of 45,941, Carcassonne has a population density of inhabitants/km2.
Evolution of the population in Carcassonne
Carcassonne forms, with other 2 communes, the urban area of Carcassonne with a population of 49,257 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Carcassonne, formed by 71 communes with a population of 98,318 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Education
A campus of the Ecole nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation academy) is in Carcassonne.
Administration
Carcassonne is the prefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the arrondissement of Carcassonne and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
Carcassonne-1, with 15,128 inhabitants (2014).
Carcassonne-2, with 20,700 inhabitants (2014).
Carcassonne-3, with 21,479 inhabitants (2014).
It is part of the intercommunality Carcassonne Agglo ().
Twinned and partner towns
Carcassonne is twinned with:
Eggenfelden, Germany
Baeza, Spain
Hargesheim, Germany
The fortified city
The fortifications consist of a double ring of ramparts and 53 towers. In 1849, the architect Eugene Viollet-le-Duc took over restoration works.
At his death in 1879 his pupil Paul Boeswillwald, and later the architect Nodet continued the rehabilitation of Carcassonne. The restoration was strongly criticized during Viollet-le-Duc's lifetime because he made the error of using slates and restoring the roofs as pointed cones, where local practice was traditionally of tile roofing and low slopes, as in this region snow was very seldom. But today Viollet-le-Duc's work at Carcassonne is thought to be a work of genius, even if it is not exactly the same as it was.
Transports
Carcassonne Airport
Gallery
Related pages
Arrondissement of Carcassonne
Communes of the Aude department |
Expanding Muni's Kids Ride Free program to include 18-year-old low- and middle-income youths would cost an additional $1.1 million a year, while eliminating income limits altogether would nearly double the $3 million annual cost, according to a new city report being released as the transit agency considers whether to continue the pilot program at all.
City officials could cover the increased costs by raising the sales tax, imposing a special tax on private shuttle buses that use city property, or establishing a local vehicle license fee, according to the report by the Board of Supervisors Budget and Legislative Analyst.
Related Stories
The report was requested by Supervisor David Campos, who pushed for the pilot program established in March. It allows San Francisco kids between the ages of 5 and 17 whose parents make less than the Bay Area median - $103,000 for a household of four - to ride Muni for free through June of this year.
About 78 percent of the estimated 40,000 eligible young people have registered for the program, the report said.
The pilot project for what's also known as Free Muni for Youth has not been nearly as expensive as Muni officials estimated when they were debating the program two years ago. The program itself costs about half of what Muni officials initially projected, he said, and it has not led to an expensive increase in service, the report found.
The Municipal Transportation Agency should make the program permanent and consider including 18-year-olds who meet the existing income requirements, Campos said, since many young people turn 18 while they are still in high school.
"I think this report confirms what we have been hearing - the program has been a resounding success," Campos said. "I think the report gives a lot of policy reasons for continuing the program and, if anything, we need to consider expanding it to include 18-year olds."
Continue or change
Over the next two months, the MTA's Board of Directors will decide whether to continue or change the $2.9 million program next fiscal year as part of its larger budget debate.
The board is holding its first public hearing on the proposed MTA budget Tuesday at 1 p.m.; it will approve a budget by the end of April and send it to the supervisors, who can accept or reject but not alter the proposal.
Paul Rose, an MTA spokesman, said the agency appreciates the analysis of the free Muni program and will consider its findings as the board works to adopt a budget.
In the report, the analyst considered a number of alternatives to the current setup, including a $1.3 million price tag to expand the program to include 18-year-olds who meet the current income requirement.
If Muni was to offer free rides to all youths ages 5 to 17, regardless of income, it would cost the city an additional $2.3 million annually. If the income requirement was scrapped and the age was expanded to include 18-year-olds, the annual price tag would increase by another $1.4 million. All told, expanding the program to include all city residents between ages 5 and 18 would cost the city $6.7 million a year.
40,000 kids helped
Bob Allen, transportation justice director at Urban Habitat - an advocacy group for low-income communities - said the report shows how wildly successful the first year of the program has been. He cited the high level of participation and low cost as reasons the free ride program should be made permanent and expanded to include all youths.
"We are talking about (almost) 40,000 kids, and this is beyond school, this is helping them get to after-school programs, to jobs - it's not just replacing the old school bus service," Allen said. "The impact of this investment is huge. You will hear from some people, 'We can't afford this,' but how can we afford not to invest this small amount?"
As families in San Francisco are squeezed by increasing housing prices and other rising costs, he said, this is an easy, inexpensive way to make the city more affordable. The budget being considered by the MTA is $915.4 million for the year that starts July 1.
"You can't build housing in a day, but this is an instant benefit," he said. "We are creating the next generation of transit riders - I can't think of a better way to do that than by making this permanent and hopefully expanding it." |
The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the Grange, is an organization for farmers. It is in the United States. It is made for them to more easily buy expensive things. It also tried to make laws that supported farmers. It was the most popular in the 1870's. The most people it ever had was one million. Today, it has 300,000 people. Its name comes from the French for barn.
The Grange was fairly active in politics. In the 19th century, many members of the Grange were involved in the Greenback and Populist movements. The Grange endorsed politicians well into the 20th century. Often, the endorsement of the State Grange was an important endorsement .
Organizations in Washington, D.C.
History of the United States
Agriculture in the United States
Green politics
Agricultural organizations |
Latest News
Looking back at Demon's Souls; is it better than Dark Souls?... yes
PlayStation 3 exclusive, Demon’s Souls, finally made its way to the PlayStation Network for download recently. Given that the sequel, Dark Souls, was the game that really launched the series popularity, the PSN release gave players the opportunity to play the lesser-known sibling for the first time and do a compare and contrast.
If you haven’t picked up Demon’s Souls yet, you should take the opportunity now because it is a vastly superior game to Dark Souls. That’s not to suggest that Dark Souls is a poor game, of course, it’s just that Demon’s Souls has a greater purity of vision. In other words, Demon’s Souls is darker (ironic, given the names of both games), crueler, and ultimately more rewarding.
Perhaps the most stand-out feature for me that elevates Demon’s Souls above its sequel is that Demon’s Souls actively discourages grinding. Dark Souls places convenient campfires throughout its world – often in places with plenty of respawnable enemies to kill over and over to power up for the tougher fights further on. Demon’s Souls forces players to backtrack significantly to the game’s “Nexus” to do the same thing, creating a lot of dull downtime every time a player wants to preserve the work they have done and recover from the enemies they have faced.
For those who haven’t played the game, the Nexus is a central “safe zone” that players can warp to from each of Demon’s Souls’ hostile environments from a few specific teleport points. The Nexus is the only place players can spend the souls (the in-game currency obtained by defeating enemies) to level-up their character. Just like with Dark Souls, dying in one of the game’s levels will make a player lose all of his or her souls, but because the teleport points are spaced so far apart at times, it’s not always an easy matter to jump out, level up and jump back in again.
This backtracking would be seen by some as a game design weakness compared to Dark Soul’s campfire system that keeps players in the heat of the action at all times. I disagree. Demon’s Souls subtly drives players forward (after all, who wants to dully backtrack?), and the tension of the game is higher because it encourages risky behaviour. Backtrack for ten minutes to cash in the souls you have collected, or risk taking on a boss under-levelled because you know if you beat him a portal to the game’s Nexus will be sitting there ready to be activated with no backtracking necessary? There’s a risk/ reward dynamic to Demon’s Souls that is far more prevalent than the relative safety of the campfire system of the Dark Souls games.
Less tangible is the comparatively thick atmosphere of Demon’s Souls. Dark Souls is, by comparison to the Demon’s Souls aesthetic, a happy Disney cartoon. The claustrophobia and heavy darkness that pervades every environment within Demon’s Souls is uncompromisingly bleak. It’s relentless, it’s stifling. It’s also not necessarily fun. To me, Dark Souls is a far more ‘casual play’ game – not because it is not as challenging (the actual combat side of things is balanced about the same in both games), but because I need to be in a far more committed mood to feel like playing Demon’s Souls, and it is harder to play for long sessions. Again, that is not because I am not enjoying it, but because after a few hours the atmosphere of Demon’s Souls makes a funeral seem comparatively entertaining. In Dark Souls there are moments of relief; a ray of sunlight breaking through the clouds over a breathtaking vista – free of enemies and other such threats. All that awaits around the corner in Demon’s Souls is an even darker corridor or an even more fetid swamp.
But Demon’s Souls is the more “pure” vision. It’s a game that makes no compromises and no apologies for what it is. As such, it’s a rare kind of game in the modern industry that even its successor has to defer to. Demon’s Souls might just be the greatest example of a visionary work to come from this generation of consoles.
Title : Looking back at Demon's Souls; is it better than Dark Souls?... yes
Pre-order Game Art!
Game Art is a book that takes a look at the art and artistry in gaming, writen by DDNet editor-in-chief, Matt Sainsbury. Pre-order at No Starch's website (click on the cover above) and enter the code "DDNET" for 30% off! |
Lakeland is a city of Florida in the United States.
Cities in Florida |
Virginia Department of Elections
The Virginia Department of Elections is an agency that administers elections in Virginia. Its duties include maintaining a voter registration system.
The Department is led by a three-member body, the State Board of Elections. State law provides, "The State Board, through the Department of Elections, shall supervise and coordinate the work of the county and city electoral boards and of the registrars to obtain uniformity in their practices and proceedings and legality and purity in all elections." The Department's current commissioner is Christopher E. "Chris" Piper.
References
External link
Official site
Category:Virginia elections
Category:Election commissions in the United States |
Queen Mary's Peak is the summit of the island of Tristan da Cunha, in the South Atlantic Ocean. The top of it is 2,062 metres (6,765 feet) above sea level. It is named after Mary of Teck, the Queen consort of King George V. It is the highest point of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
The mountain is the peak of the large shield volcano which forms the island. The crater at the top is wide, with a heart-shaped lake. This lake is normally frozen during the winter, and the upper slopes of the volcano are covered in snow.
The only recorded historical eruption occurred in 1961 from a small crater on the north shore of the island. The island community had to be evacuated.
Queen Mary's Peak was used by sailors on the route from Europe to the Indian Ocean and beyond as a navigational aid. In the 17th century the East India Company instructed captains to sail via Tristan.
Climbing the peak
The first known attempt to go up to the peak was in 1793 by the French naturalist Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars. He could not get to the top. However, he collected hundreds of plants. Today, Queen Mary's Peak makes a wonderful but steep climbing route. Climbing it can take 5 to 10 hours, depending on the ability of the walker. Visitors are required to use a local guide if they want to go to The Peak. |
To build:
If your python binary is in a non-standard location or has a
non-standard name, run the following instead:
export PYTHON=/path/to/python
$PYTHON ./configure
make
make install
Prerequisites (Windows only):
* Python 2.6 or 2.7
* Visual Studio 2010 or 2012
Windows:
vcbuild nosign
You can download pre-built binaries for various operating systems from
http://nodejs.org/download/. The Windows
and OS X installers will prompt you for the location in which to install.
The tarballs are self-contained; you can extract them to a local directory
with: |
Roman or Romans may refer to:
A thing or person of or from the city of Rome, Italy
History
Ancient Rome (8th century BC - 5th century AD)
Roman Kingdom (753 BC to 509 BC)
Roman Republic (509 BC to 27 BC)
Roman Empire (27 BC to 476/1453 AD)
Roman Britain, part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410
Roman alphabet, the standard alphabet of most of the languages of Western and Central Europe
Romanization
Roman army
Roman calendar
Roman law, the legal system of both the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
Roman numerals, numeral system where certain letters are given a numeral value
Roman mythology
Byzantine Empire (330/476/629 to 1453), the Eastern Roman Empire
Romaioi (Romaioi), Greek-speaking, Orthodox population of the Eastern Roman Empire dating to Late Antiquity
Romaioi (Romioi), Greek-speaking, Orthodox population of the Rum-milet in the Ottoman Empire, or Greek-speaking Orthodox people today
Romanae or the Greco-Romans from Aetolia Acarnania that speak Romanesci
Holy Roman Empire (c. 900 to 1806), a medieval state in Central Europe
Roman, Bulgaria, a town and a municipality in Vratsa Province
Romans-sur-Isere, in the Drome departement of France
Roman, Romania, a city in Neamt county
Romans, Ain, a town in France
Roman, Eure, France
Romans, Deux-Sevres, France
Romans d'Isonzo, a town in Italy
Roman roads
Roman Valley, Nova Scotia
Saint Roman, Monaco
Christianity
Epistle to the Romans, a letter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible
The Roman Catholic Church
Literature
The word for Novel in many European languages.
Nouveau roman (lit. "new novel"), a type of French novel of the 1950s
Bildungsroman (lit. "formation novel"), German for a coming-of-age story
Kunstlerroman (lit. "artist's novel"), German for a story of an artist's growth to maturity
Romance (heroic literature), a genre of Medieval French literature
Ar-Rum, the 30th book in the Qu'ran, is sometimes translated as The Romans
Roman a clef, a novel about real life, overlaid with a facade of fiction |
using System;
namespace Zio
{
/// <summary>
/// The <see cref="EventArgs"/> base class for file and directory events. Used for
/// <see cref="WatcherChangeTypes.Created"/>, <see cref="WatcherChangeTypes.Deleted"/>,
/// and <see cref="WatcherChangeTypes.Changed"/>.
/// </summary>
/// <inheritdoc />
public class FileChangedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
/// <summary>
/// The type of change that occurred.
/// </summary>
public WatcherChangeTypes ChangeType { get; }
/// <summary>
/// The filesystem originating this change.
/// </summary>
public IFileSystem FileSystem { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Absolute path to the file or directory.
/// </summary>
public UPath FullPath { get; }
/// <summary>
/// Name of the file or directory.
/// </summary>
public string Name { get; }
public FileChangedEventArgs(IFileSystem fileSystem, WatcherChangeTypes changeType, UPath fullPath)
{
if (fileSystem == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(fileSystem));
fullPath.AssertNotNull(nameof(fullPath));
fullPath.AssertAbsolute(nameof(fullPath));
FileSystem = fileSystem;
ChangeType = changeType;
FullPath = fullPath;
Name = fullPath.GetName();
}
}
}
|
Father Sergius () is a 1918 Russian silent drama movie directed by Yakov Protazanov. It stars Ivan Mosjoukine, Olga Kondorova, and V. Dzheneyeva.
Actors
Ivan Mosjoukine as Prince Kasatsky, later Father Sergius
Olga Kondorova as Countess Korotkova
V. Dzheneyeva as Maria - her daughter
Vladimir Gajdarov as Tsar Nicholas I
Nikolai Panov as Kasatsky's father |
Q:
How to use other application.conf in tests than in prod code?
im trying to test PersistentActor with scalatest but I dont know how to point test code to use something like application-test.conf instead application.conf ( I want to change leveldb store for events to in memory store ). Is there any convenient way to do this?
A:
You could define another application.conf in your test resources:
src/test/resources/application.conf
This way, you can have test related configuration that will be used by default in your tests.
If you still require multiple configuration settings among your tests, you can always have more than one configuration file in the test resources and explicitly use the one you need:
class PersistentActorSpec extends TestKit(ActorSystem("test-system", ConfigFactory.load("application-test")))
|
Musau is a municipality of the district Reutte in the Austrian state of Tyrol. |
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
One thing is for sure: the weather predictors around here have only a tiny advantage over the rest of us. They are really only sure whether it will snow or rain or be sunny about five minutes before it happens. This winter, looking out the window is about as helpful as checking the weather forecast.
That said, there are quite a few members of my family who were overjoyed to wake to the weatherman's miscalculation of the rain/snow line. And although that meant some shovelling, we've had so little snow this winter that even on the eve of March they were happy to welcome it.
I have to say that this mild Minnesota winter has been a real blessing to me. Last winter and its 144 days of snow cover wore me down to say the least. This winter it hasn't been really cold (I have lived here nearly 13 years, mind you) for very many days in a row. We've had a few below zero mornings, but we have had so many days in the 30's it's hard to believe. And there has been hardly. any. snow. Amazing! It's a drought that started in the summer and has continued through the winter, which is certainly unusual in our, albeit limited, Minnesota experience.
And I couldn't be more thankful. Just a little rest from the pain that winter is, and I can wake up and be happy to see a big pile of snow.
Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. Take my yoke upon you, and learn from me, for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. For my yoke is easy, and my burden is light.”
(Matthew 11:28-30 ESV)
Friday, February 24, 2012
Status updates are about all the writing I have had time for lately! One day I will take some time to write a real blog post, but for now, here's what has been going on in our lives from the Facebook point of view!
1/28: Made it to the State Lego Tournament with everything
but the camera! Go Cavemen!
1/28: Cavemen win!
1/28: Hooray for the
Cavemen! First Lego League Minnesota state champions!
1/30: I will sing to the LORD as long as I live; I will sing
praise to my God while I have being. May my meditation be pleasing to him, for
I rejoice in the LORD. (Psalm 104:33-34 ESV)
1/30: Have you heard that Edwin will be taking the PolarBear Plunge on March 3? If you would like to sponsor him, message me! Support
the Special Olympics! Or come to Lake Calhoun and watch!
1/31: So thankful for the gift of a mild January in
Minnesota! I really needed that after last winter!
1/31: I'm looking for some upbeat praise & worship music
with theologically-sound lyrics, especially with lyrics straight from the
Bible...Any suggestions?
Search This Blog
About Me
I am a Christian southern girl living in Minnesota, a wife of 22-plus years, and a homeschooling mom of 5 kiddos, ages 10 to 17. I started running nearly three years ago, and began to like it just before getting injured. I'm starting again, which seems to be what you do in life. Life Is Different Here in many, many ways, and I'd like to tell you how... |
Edward Craven Walker (4 July 1918 - 15 August 2000) was a British inventor, who invented the lava lamp. He is also known for being a naturist.
Work on the lava lamp
Walker got the idea of a lava lamp from seeing what is now called a "blob light", a mix of oil and water heated by a lightbulb at the bottom. He thought it would look more interesting if the oil was thick enough to form shapes, and spent 10 years trying to make it good.
Eventually, his product was launched in 1963, and Walker's factory soon began production of it as it grew in popularity.
Apparently, Walker once said, "If you buy my lamp, you won't need drugs."
Lava lamps were featured in the sitcom series "Absolutely Fabulous", which some people think helped the lava lamp's popularity, which was declining at the time.
Eventually, as it become less popular in the 1980s, Walker sold the company to Elizabeth Granger. Her company, Mathmos, was one of Britain's fastest growing companies, mostly from the lava lamp. Walker believed the lava lamp would be good for her company.
"I think it will always be popular." he once said. "It's like the cycle of life. It grows, breaks up, falls down, and starts all over again."
Naturism
Walker's interest in nudity began with a visit to the Isle du Levant in the 1950s. He liked the idea, and tried to make it popular. "Eves on Skies" was broadcast in 1958, and "Travelling Light" followed soon after in 1960.
The success of Travelling Light gave Walker the money to buy a nightclub in Bournemouth. He turned it into a nudist resort. He tried to ban overweight nudists from entering, but failed.
"We are all against these fat fogies, it's not what naturism is about," he said
Death
Walker was suffering from cancer in the mid and late 1990s, and he eventually died because of it. He died in Ringwood, Hampshire at the age of 82 on the 15th of August 2000. |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, and more particularly to a transistor using an SOI (Semiconductor On Insulator) substrate.
2. Description of the Background Art
An ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is desired to operate at high speed with low power consumption, like a logic LSI such as a microprocessor, and so is a gate array which is a form of the ASIC.
FIG. 36 is a cross section showing a structure of a bulk NMOS transistor. A junction capacitance C1 caused by a depletion layer 104 existing between an Si substrate 101 and a source region 102 (or a drain region 103) is large and a wiring capacitance C2 between a metal wire 105 disposed on an NMOS transistor and the Si substrate 101 through a LOCOS oxide film 108 is also large.
In this situation, proposed is a use of an SOI layer in a gate array. FIG. 37 is a cross section showing a structure of an SOI NMOS transistor. Since a transistor on an SOI layer 106 has a thick buried oxide film 107 thereunder, both the junction capacitance C1 and the wiring capacitance C2 thereof are smaller than those of the bulk NMOS transistor. That allows higher-speed operation and lower power consumption.
Moreover, a transistor of which the source and drain are formed in the SOI layer 106 (referred to as "SOI transistor" hereinafter) has a semiconductor (body) 110 which is in an electrically-floating state between a source region 102 and a drain region 103. A "body effect", which refers to an action that a threshold value Vth of the transistor rises due to a potential difference between the Si substrate 101 and the source region 102 when a source potential rises (in case of an NMOS transistor), is not caused in the SOI transistor unlike the bulk transistor. Therefore, the SOI transistor may be always used with a small threshold value and operate with low voltage. Thus, the SOI transistor needs only low power consumption.
In the SOI transistor, however, when the source-to-drain voltage reaches a certain level or more, impact-ionized charges near the drain region 103, e.g., positive holes in the NMOS transistor, do not escape into the Si substrate 101 to raise a potential at the body 110 which acts as a base of an NPN type parasitic bipolar transistor consisting of the body 101, the source region 102 and the drain region 103 since the body 101 where a channel is formed is in the floating state. Then, a current driven by the bipolar transistor is superposed on an original current of the SOI transistor. FIG. 38 is a graph showing a rise in current due to a parasitic bipolar effect. To avoid the parasitic bipolar effect, it is needed to fix the potential at the body 110 of the SOI transistor.
FIG. 39 is a plan view of a structure of field-shield isolation (referred to as "FS isolation" or "FS-isolated structure" hereinafter). FIGS. 40 and 41 are cross sections of FIG. 39 taken along the lines XXXX--XXXX, and XXXXI--XXXXI, respectively. An active region 111 having a width Lf is formed to become the source region 102 or the drain region 103. The active region 111 is provided with a source-drain contact 96 to establish an electrical connection with a wire (not shown). For simple illustration, a gate contact 97 of a gate electrode 109 is not shown in FIG. 39.
Similarly to a gate isolation by fixing a potential of the gate electrode 109 (e.g., by connecting the gate electrode 109 to the around GND through the gate contact 97 in a case of NMOS transistor) made in a direction of arrangement of the active region 111 (in vertical direction of FIG. 39), the FS isolation is a device isolation with an FS gate 91 achieved in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction (in a horizontal direction of FIG. 39).
Specifically, the FS gate 91, like the gate electrode 109, is opposed to the SOI layer 106 with an insulative interlayer film interposed therebetween on both sides of the NMOS transistor, and when it is connected to the around GND, the NMOS transistor is isolated in the horizontal direction.
FIG. 42 is a cross section showing an isolation using a LOCOS oxide film (referred to as "LOCOS isolation" hereinafter) in the horizontal direction. When the LOCOS isolation is used, the SOI layer 106 is separated in the horizontal direction by the LOCOS oxide film 108 and hence it is impossible to provide a contact for supplying the SOI layer 106 with a predetermined potential. In contrast, when the FS isolation is used, the SOI layer 106 can extend also in the horizontal direction and hence it is possible to supply the SOI layer 106 with the predetermined fixed potential in the extension of the SOI layer 106. In this case, it is necessary to provide an FS gate contact 92 for supplying the FS gate 91 with the predetermined potential and a contact plug 93 for FS isolation as shown in FIG. 41, and on the other hand, it is necessary to provide a body contact 94 for supplying the body with the predetermined potential and the contact plug 93 (a region indicated by hatching can have higher impurity concentration in the SOI layer 106 with which the contact plug 93 comes into contact). Therefore, there is a need for a chipped portion 95 at a position to provide the body contact 94 in the FS gate 91, as shown in FIGS. 39 and 40.
This gate array, which supplies the body 110 with the predetermined potential, allows reduction in wiring capacitance, ensures high-speed operation and low power consumption and further prevents the parasitic bipolar effect. For example, the SOI transistor with FS-isolated structure may be used in an inverter.
FIG. 43A shows a symbol of an inverter and FIG. 43B shows a specific configuration thereof. The inverter consists of a PMOS transistor P1 and an NMOS transistor N1 connected in series between a potential point supplying a potential Vcc and the ground GND. Specifically, the source of PMOS transistor P1 is fixed to the potential Vcc and the source of NMOS transistor N1 is fixed to the ground potential GND. In this configuration, even if the SOI transistors with FS-isolated structure are used as the transistors P1 and N1 and the bodies of the transistors P1 and N1 are fixed to the potential Vcc and the ground potential GND, respectively, no potential difference exists between the respective bodies and sources and hence no body effect works ill on the inverter.
However, there may be a case where it is preferable not to fix the potential at the body 110 so as not to lose the advantage of no body effect.
FIG. 44A shows a symbol of an NAND circuit and FIG. 44B shows a specific configuration thereof. The NAND circuit consists of PMOS transistors P1 and P2 connected in parallel and NMOS transistors N1 and N2 connected in series between the potential point supplying the potential Vcc and the ground GND.
Since the sources of transistors P1, P2 and N2 are supplied with the potential Vcc, Vcc and the ground potential GND respectively, if the bodies of the transistors P1, P2 and N2 are supplied with the potential Vcc. Vcc and the ground potential GND respectively, no body effect is produced on the transistors. However, there may be a case where a potential higher than the ground potential GND is applied to the source of the transistor N1 which is not supplied with a fixed potential, and when the ground potential GND is applied to the body of the transistor N1, a threshold voltage rises due to the body effect. In this situation, the NAND circuit can not operate with low voltage and hardly avoids slow operation.
FIG. 45 shows a layout where vertical alignments of the active regions (referred to as "fields" hereinafter) are arranged in the horizontal direction (this layout is referred to as "master layout" hereinafter). As illustrated in disregard of the gate electrodes, the fields 10a to 10i are seen rectangular. The characters "P" and "N" in rectangles indicate fields to be provided with the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor, respectively. The fields provided with the PMOS transistor and the NMOS transistor are herein termed "p-type field" and "n-type field", respectively.
In the background art, when the FS isolation is used to supply the body 110 with the predetermined potential, all of the fields are FS-isolated (the fields 10a to 10i of FIG. 45 are each FS-isolated, and the field with FS-isolated structure is referred to as "FS-isolated field" hereinafter). Since the SOI layers 106 in a field are supplied with the predetermined potential in common (e.g., the ground potential GND in the NMOS transistor), the potentials at the bodies 110 of the transistors in the same field are all fixed. Then, there arises a problem of degradation in high-speed operation of the SOI transistor in a circuit including a transistor having the source which is not supplied with the fixed potential, such as an NAND circuit.
Furthermore, by supplying the gate electrode and the body with the same potential, it may become possible to positively utilize the parasitic bipolar effect to earn a driving current of the SOI transistor. |