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A KATRINA LAWSUIT is now underway in the United States, claiming damages for flood damage that resulted from Hurricane Katrina. It is the first case to sue the federal government for flooding, and the judge’s decision may pave the way for thousands of other claims against the government. The lawsuit claims that the Army Corps of Engineers should pay damages for failing to prevent the collapse of corps structures. The plaintiffs, who lost everything in the hurricane, are asking for about $400 million each. If they succeed, the lawsuit will be dismissed by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals. If the plaintiffs’ claims are upheld, the plaintiffs may appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. They have to prove their case with hard evidence to win. There are some interesting developments in the case and it will be interesting to see what happens. The government has filed a motion to dismiss the case and has been successful in doing so in virtually every Katrina lawsuit. The plaintiffs must now prove their cases with hard evidence before the judge decides if the government is responsible for the destruction and determine how much money they can receive from the government. Kent Lattimore, a resident of New Orleans, lost his home in the storm and now lives in a grass-covered slab. The government has filed motions to dismiss this case as well, and this is not an uncommon move. The government has successfully defeated many Katrina lawsuits. It is up to plaintiffs now to present evidence to prove their case and seek compensation. A successful claim means that both sides have to pay their legal expenses. Even if a case is dismissed, the plaintiffs can still appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. In New Orleans, a federal lawsuit is moving forward involving a case filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Louisiana. The suit was initially unsealed in June 2016 but was unseated in June. The plaintiffs will now have to prove their claims with hard evidence. The U.S. Supreme Court has jurisdiction to hear the case. A successful Katrina lawsuit could result in a settlement for the affected areas. The government’s motion to dismiss this Katrina lawsuit is an appeal. The government is now required to pay the plaintiffs’ legal expenses, and if the appeals fail, both sides will be forced to pay their legal fees. A court case can take years, and in some cases, can go on for decades. The case filed by the city of New Orleans is still in its preliminary stages. The case has yet to be decided in the Fifth Circuit, which means it may be dismissed. The U.S. Supreme Court may review the appeal. In this Katrina lawsuit, the plaintiffs filed suit against the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. They argued that the government knew that a barrier would fail and that this could lead to mass destruction. A judge threw out this case and now needs to decide if the government is liable for damages. If the lawsuit is dismissed, the plaintiffs may appeal it to the Supreme Court. However, they may find that the decision against the U.S. government is not final, but the judge must decide on liability and damages. In a similar lawsuit, the government has moved to dismiss the Katrina lawsuit as well. It has successfully dismissed nearly every other Katrina lawsuit, so plaintiffs must have solid evidence to support their arguments. In the U.S. District Court in New Orleans, Stanwood R. Duvall will determine if the plaintiffs are entitled to the damages resulting from the storm. The suit will be heard in the 5th Circuit, which will be the highest court in the country. If the plaintiffs win, their Katrina lawsuits will likely result in tens of thousands of other people filing suits. If the plaintiffs are successful, the federal government faces a potential liability of $100 billion. This is the largest court judgment ever issued against a government for damages in the U.S. in this civil action. Despite the overwhelming evidence, these cases have been denied, and the case is now in the 5th Circuit.

The most exciting part of growing vegetables is getting to eat all the yummy veggies. While the Schoolyard Gardens team is partial to eating veggies straight from the garden, it’s fun to try them in a few inventive ways as well. Below are a few of our favorite kid-friendly recipes. All of these recipes require little to no cooking, so they can be made right in your classroom. Let your students be the creators and chefs of their own veggie recipes and share your own recipes with us! Remember to wash all vegetables before using them! - 3-4 tomatoes - 1 jalapeño pepper - 1 bell pepper - 4 green onions - 12 stalks of cilantro - 2 teaspoons chopped garlic - 1 fresh squeezed lime - 1 pinch salt Finely chop the tomatoes and peppers. Be sure to take the seeds out and be careful to wash your hands after you handle the jalapeño pepper. Chop the green onions. In a large bowl, combine vegetables and garlic. Add lime juice and salt. Add in the cilantro to taste and mix the salsa. Enjoy with freshly baked tortilla chips! Arugula Pizza – this recipe is a savory, peppery snack that will be easy to make from your spring garden. - 6 Lightly salted rice cakes - 8 ounces cottage cheese - 1/4 teaspoon garlic powder - 1/4 teaspoon black pepper - 2 cups chopped arugula - 1 cup shredded mozzarella Mix the garlic powder and pepper into the cottage cheese. Evenly spoon the mixture onto the 6 rice cakes. Top each rice cake with a handful of arugula and 1/2 tablespoon of mozzarella and enjoy! Green Leaf Dip – this recipe requires a little bit of cooking. But it can easily be cooked in an electric skillet, and is easy to switch between whatever greens you have growing in your garden. - 1 tablespoon of olive oil - Pinch of salt - 1 garlic clove, thinly sliced - 3 cups of chopped greens (kale, swiss chard or spinach are all good options) - 1 cup of cottage cheese, sour cream or greek yogurt - Pinch of red pepper flakes - 1 tablespoon of fresh lemon juice Heat oil in pan or electric skillet. Add garlic and greens of choice and season with salt. Cover and cook the greens, stirring occasionally, until the greens are tender (about 3 -4 minutes). Let cool. Transfer to a bowl, add cottage cheese, sour cream or yogurt. If you want a smooth, creamy dip use a blender or food processor to make dip smooth. If you like chunky dips, use a spoon to mix greens and dairy well. Season with pepper flakes and the lemon juice. Enjoy with crackers, pita or dip your favorite veggies into the dip!

Could the mummy of the ancient Egyptian queen Nefertiti, wife of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, finally have been identified, asks Nevine El-Aref Hawass along with archaeologists and scientists during the CT scan examination of the royal mummies at the Egyptian Museum The beautiful queen Nefertiti, wife of the monotheistic king Akhenaten, has always perplexed archaeologists. Nefertiti acquired unprecedented power during the first 12 years of the reign of her husband, and she occupied the throne alongside him and appeared nearly twice as often in reliefs as Akhenaten during the first five years of his reign. She continued to appear in reliefs even when, in the 12th year of Akhenaten's reign, she disappeared from the scene and her name vanished from the pages of history. Some think she either died from plague or fell out of favour, but recent theories have denied such claims. Four images of Nefertiti adorn Akhenaten's sarcophagus, not the usual goddesses, indicating that her importance to the pharaoh continued up until his death and disproving the idea that she fell out of favour. They also show her continuous role as a deity or semi-deity with Akhenaten. Shortly after her disappearance, Akhenaten took a co-regent to the throne. The identity of this person has created speculation. One theory says it was Nefertiti herself in a new guise as a "female king," like the female Pharaohs Sobkneferu and Hatshepsut who ruled the country for several years. Another theory introduces the idea of two co-regents, a male one called Smenkhkare and Nefertiti under the name of Neferneferuaten. Some scholars believe that Nefertiti became co-regent with her husband and that her role as queen consort was taken over by her eldest daughter Meritaten. Although her iconic bust, now on display at the Neues Museum in Berlin, was unearthed in an artist's workshop at Tel Al-Amarna in 1912 by German archaeologist Ludwig Borchardt, neither her tomb nor her mummy have yet been unearthed. Back in 1898, French Egyptologist Victor Loret excavated the tomb of Amenhotep II in the Theban Necropolis and came upon a remarkable find. This was the first tomb ever opened in which the pharaoh was still in his original resting place, and, moreover, 11 other mummies were also discovered in a sealed chamber in the tomb, nine belonging to members of the royal family. Eight of the mummies were transferred to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, and three were left in situ due to their critical state of preservation. One of this trio of mummies is a female who had managed to retain her remarkable beauty and is known among Egyptologists as the "Elder Lady". She was identified as queen Tiye, the chief wife of the Pharaoh Amenhotep III. A mummy of a young prince, not identified, bears a facial resemblance to that of Tiye's mummy, suggesting it could be prince Thutmose, the eldest son of Amenhotep III. As for the third mummy, known as the "Younger Lady", Egyptologists sway between thinking it is queen Nefertiti and princess Sitamun, a daughter of Tiye and Amenhotep III. Research was carried out at an early stage to verify whether the mummy of the Younger Lady was, in fact, Nefertiti, but to no avail. Over the years, scientists have tried to identify the mummy of Nefertiti and determine her real facial features through carrying out scientific and archaeological research or using technology. But all attempts have thus far failed and been considered as mere speculation. Now, however, some historians believe Nefertiti has already been found and currently lies in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. In 2003, Joanne Fletcher, a mummification expert from the University of York in the UK, announced that she and her team may have identified the mummy of the queen, as she believes that Nefertiti's mummy could be that of the Younger Lady. She based her conclusions on a number of factors, such as its similarity in physiognomy and the swan-like neck of the mummy that bears a resemblance to Nefertiti's face as immortalised in the limestone bust in Berlin, a doubled-pierced ear lobe, which she claims was a rare fashion statement in ancient Egypt and that can clearly be seen in images of Nefertiti, and a shaven head and the impression of the tight-fitting brow-band worn by royalty. Fletcher's hypothesis has not been accepted by many Egyptologists, however. The x-ray examination carried out on the mummy of the Younger Lady prior to Fletcher's theory indicated that it was a 16-year-old girl, whereas Nefertiti is thought to have died in her 30s. Without comparative DNA studies, any speculation about the owner of the mummy is dubious. In 2015, British Egyptologist Nicholas Reeves made headlines by announcing his belief that Nefertiti was buried in a secret chamber located behind the west and north walls of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings. But after three scan trials on the tomb's walls the theory proved a failure, as well as receiving criticism from other Egyptologists and historians. Even so, it does demonstrate the enduring fascination with Nefertiti and finding her mummy. New attempts: In an attempt to put an end to the Nefertiti mystery, the second phase of the Egyptian Mummies Project, whose first phase started in 2005 to solve the mystery of the death of the boy-king Tutankhamun, has resumed to study the rest of the royal mummies. The project will begin with those on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo before their relocation to the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation (NMEC) in Fustat. "CT scans on all the royal mummies now on display at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo that will be transferred to the NMEC were carried out last month," said former minister of antiquities Zahi Hawass, highlighting that among the most important was the mummy belonging to king Seqenenre because previous studies had revealed it to be in a poor conservation condition. Seqenenre is thought to have died from a blow from an axe during battles against the Hyksos, a foreign group that had invaded Egypt. However, some claim he was assassinated in his sleep. Hawass said that the earlier study had not used scientific analysis or CT scans. More recent studies had found that the wounds on the mummy were from a battle against the Hyksos and that the pharaoh had died during battle. In September, a fresh search for Nefertiti's mummy will begin. "We have prepared for such a search by the identification of two poorly preserved female mummies, one of them headless, found in 1870 by Italian explorer Giovanni Belzoni inside tomb KV21 in the Valley of the Kings in Luxor," he said. Samples of foetuses found in the tomb of Tutankhamun were also taken for analysis," Hawass told the Weekly, adding that these had long been thought to be the stillborn daughters of Tutankhamun and his royal wife Ankhesenamun, the daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. "Comparison between their DNA and the headless mummy revealed that the headless KV21 mummy was in fact the mother of the two foetuses, which should mean that this was Tutankhamun's wife queen Ankhesenamun," Hawass said. He pointed out that the mummies from KV21were in poor conservation condition due to the effects of floods that have swept through the Valley and into the tomb. To prevent further degradation of the remains, the mummies were moved to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo for conservation. "I believe that the second female mummy in KV21 could be none other than queen Nefertiti," Hawass said, explaining that the ancient Egyptians sometimes placed mother and daughter near each other in burial chambers. This was the case in tomb KV35, where the mummy of Tutankhamun's grandmother queen Tiye was placed next to the mummy of one of Tiye's many daughters, a woman revealed by DNA tests to be Tutankhamun's mother. He continued by saying that the Egyptian Mummies Project would also begin the search for other mummies that belonged to Nefertiti's family, including her five other missing daughters and her sister queen Mutnodjmet in order to compare them with the second mummy without a head in KV21. However, "I have not been able to find the remains of Mutnodjmet that were previously located by Egyptologist Geoffrey Martin inside the tomb of her husband Horemhab in Saqqara," Hawass said. Paleopathologist Eugen Strouhal, Hawass said, had studied these remains, which included the skull, and determined that Mutnodjmet had died at about the age of 40 and may have died during labour since the bones of a foetus or newborn were found with her. "If these bones can ever be DNA tested, they could yield many important clues about Tutankhamun's family," he added. "Although I do not really trust DNA tests, I decided in 2005 to study such a project in order to begin about a new era of scientific research on mummies to be carried out by Egyptian archaeologists and scientists who are experts in the field in collaboration with foreign experts and scholars and directed by myself," Hawass told Al-Ahram Weekly. He said that the royal mummies had been moved quickly at night by the high priests of Amun who controlled the Theban Necropolis during the Late Intermediate Period to hide and preserve the bodies of the 18th, 19th and 20th-Dynasty rulers. "The priests might have stripped the mummies and the royal tombs of their most valuable treasures, yet they still wanted to protect the royal remains from the tomb robbers who roamed the sacred hills of Thebes," he said. In their hurry, Hawass believes, some mummies were misplaced or unidentified. Initially, the royal mummies were rehoused in nearby tombs, and records show that the mummy of Ramses II was originally moved to the tomb of his father Seti I and then later transferred to the Deir Al-Bahari cache. "It is difficult to plot the routes followed by the mummies," Hawass said. In the process of moving the corpses and the confusion that ensued some were stripped of all identification. Tutankhamun: Further studies will also be made on the mummy of Tutankhamun to reveal the exact cause of his death. Hawass told the Weekly that the general health of Tutankhamun might have been affected by the high degree of inbreeding he had been exposed to, and radiological evidence carried out in the first phase of the Mummies Project had undermined the possibility of murder by head blows and revealed a fracture in his left femur just above the knee. Radiological imaging of the left knee had also pointed to an early bone reaction to fracture and hence a short period predating death. This scenario favours the theory of an accident causing a fracture and the open wound leading to a probable infection and death. Today, Hawass said, scientific analysis could test the theory and reveal whether the infection was the cause that led to the king's death. Yehia Gad, a professor of molecular genetics at the National Research Centre who heads the committee dealing with paleo-biology, said that the project would not only reveal the health of the ancient Egyptian royals and their genetic diseases but their linages as well. It could help find the answers to many historical questions and mysteries, he added. The project would also determine the microbes that affected the mummies in order to find ways of restoring them. Forensic technology has recently been playing a major role in Egyptology. After centuries of ambiguity and mystery surrounding several chapters of ancient Egyptian history, modern science has finally cleared up many enigmas and provided a better understanding of some important episodes in this great civilisation. Modern methods have succeeded in identifying several royal mummies, detailing their lineages and recognising the diseases from which they suffered in life as well as solving the paradoxes behind some mysterious deaths. Among these achievements has been solving the enigma of the early death of the boy-king Tutankhamun, including the symptoms that led to his demise in early manhood as well as the identity of the mummies of his two unborn children. They have also identified the mummy of the monotheistic Pharaoh Akhenaten and proved that he was Tutankhamun's father by a secondary wife. The mummies of queen Hatshepsut and Amenhotep II, the grandfather of Tutankhamun, have also been identified. Science has also solved the long-debated mystery over the death of the Pharaoh Ramses III, as recorded on the "harem conspiracy" papyrus now exhibited in the Turin Museum in Italy. CT scans on the mummy have revealed a deep wound in the throat of Ramses III's mummy, which would have caused his immediate death. The Pharaoh's death was overshadowed by a plot described in the "Judicial Papyrus" in Turin. Despite the information in the papyrus it could not be determined whether Ramses III escaped or was killed during the plot, however. According to the Papyrus, also known as the "Trial Transcripts Papyrus", a plot to kill Ramses III was woven in 1155 BCE by officials in the palace and army standard bearers, as well as his secondary wife Tiya and her son Pentawere. The plan was to end the life of the king and place Pentawere on the throne in his stead. The Papyrus says that the coup failed and the defendants were rounded up and sent for trial, but it was unclear whether the assassination was successful. -- Sent from my Linux system.

HOW TO MAKE A MIND MAP IN A mind map is a diagram with a hierarchical structure that is used for visually organizing and presenting information, thoughts or ideas’ – this is the definition that comprehensively elaborates the mind mapping technique, which today is practiced by many individuals and organizations. However, there are many who are not familiar with the term and the technique ‘mind mapping’, so this extensive and thorough mind mapping starter kit is created for them, but, in addition, also for those who have heard of the technique but haven’t tried it yet. The guide compasses everything, starting from details about the history of the mind mapping technique to help you understand, learn and explore the technique more in-depth. Additionally, it will also lead you step-by-step through the process of creating a powerful mind map. How to Make a Mind Map Now let’s get to the main part where we can learn how to create a mind map easily. A perfect mind map tutorial can help you achieve greater success in creating mind maps with ease. There are many tools available that can help you to make a mind map. In this part, we are going to introduce you to EdrawMind, the best software that can help you to create amazing mind maps in no time. It has all kinds of advanced features and fantastic options that will help you create top-class mind maps without even being an expert. If you are an expert or a newbie, EdrawMind will allow you to create phenomenal mind maps with all its colorful themes, styles, structures, and clip art, etc. Here is how to make a mind map online. Step 1: Visit the online web portal of EdrawMind, then register and log in for a new account using your email. First, you need to take the main idea and put it in the center of the mind map. To do it, open a new template by clicking on the New option and selecting any template available on the window. We have chosen the Radial Map, for example. Step 2: You will get a new window open in your browser, where you’ll find the main idea in the center and options to add new branch ideas. Then create branches from the main idea to insert secondary ideas in the mind map. These secondary ideas will spread from the main idea. Step 4: Add different colors and images for each idea or blank box so that the whole map becomes easier to brainstorm and understand. You can also create relations between branches and sub-branches by using signs. Mind Maps for Business If you want to find out more about using mind mapping in business, Tony Buzan, the inventor of the Mind Map, and Chris Griffiths, the CEO of OpenGenius and founder of Ayoa, wrote the best seller Mind Maps for Business. Available on Amazon. “I want to thank Chris for his tireless and successful efforts to promote my work over the last 10 years. He achieved what I thought impossible, when he released iMindMap (now Ayoa), the world’s first software true to my Mind Map process, and he went on to build a network of over 1,000 instructors dedicated to promoting my Mind Mapping across the globe, many of whom he taught personally. He was also, most appropriately, co-author on my 100th book, Mind Maps for Business, where his understanding of how Mind Mapping can be applied in business, was invaluable.”

Economic capital adequacy Partager cet article Economic capital adequacy Since the 2019-2020 Budget announced that Rs 18 billion of the so-called “accumulated surplus” held by the Bank of Mauritius (BoM) would be used to pay down mounting public sector debt, observers have focused on the legal and accounting arguments. However, the crux of the issue is whether the BoM had a surplus in the form of excess economic capital to transfer to the government. The economic capital of a central bank includes its paid-in capital, any accumulated and undistributed net profits made from its income generating assets (mainly foreign exchange reserves) known as the General Reserve Fund (GRF), and finally revaluation reserves arising from changes in the value of foreign exchange reserves in local currency terms, known as the Special Reserve Fund (SRF). If the BoM rakes in net profits in a given year (excluding gains made by rupee depreciation), 85% of them are paid to the government while the remainder is transferred to the GRF.The Special Reserve Fund is a different kind of animal. The bulk of the assets of the BoM consists of international reserves. A small and open economy like Mauritius holds foreign currency reserves mainly to defend the rupee and to finance the country’s imports in times of stress. It is a last resort insurance policy. Let us say that our international reserves were USD 7 billion equivalent when the rupee was at 35 to the dollar, and the following year the rupee depreciated to 36 to the dollar: in order to balance the books in rupee terms, the SRF would increase by Rs 7 billion. This money does not really exist, so it is not an income. In any event, no foreign country would accept Mauritian rupees in exchange for goods. A growing level of SRF simply indicates that the rupee has been depreciating: it is not a sign of economic resilience. If the BoM wants to transfer these foreign exchange gains to the government, it needs to create (electronically) the money out of thin air. This is akin to money printing to monetise soaring public debt, which is precisely what the transfer of Rs 18 billion is about. The Board of the BoM has the obligation to determine the appropriate level of economic capital needed by the Bank in order for it to efficiently discharge its functions under the Bank of Mauritius Act. Did the Board assure itself that the BoM had Rs 18 billion in “surplus” economic capital relative to what is needed? In theory, a central bank does not need any economic capital as long as its liabilities are in local currency, because it can print money. In reality, central banks must show financial resilience in order to credibly and independently discharge their duties especially when it comes to monetary policy. They determine the level of economic capital adequacy based on a complex forward-looking risk-based measure of all the risks they face. The appropriate level of economic capital rests on an asset and liability study of the balance sheet. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), which transferred “excess reserves” to the Indian government last year, had constituted an independent expert committee to conduct an assessment of the required level of economic capital. The Board of the RBI acted on the basis of its report, which was made public and subject to scrutiny. Does the BoM have a framework to determine the adequate level of economic capital? Did the Board act upon a technical report saying that the BoM was over-capitalised by Rs 18 billion? After all, just to have Rs 18 billion of notional money in the SRF thanks to rupee depreciation does not mean that the BoM had “a surplus” in terms of economic capital. If there is no asset-liability study and no framework, on what basis has the Board decided to transfer such a huge sum of money? What are the “exceptional circumstances” as stated in the law that justify the move when the economy is supposedly doing so well? The level of capital and reserves of the BoM as a percentage of total assets has been on a steady decline, from 35.6% in June 2009 to an estimated 10.7% in June 2019 (the RBI had more than 2.5 times this ratio). Following the transfer of Rs 18 billion, the capital-to-assets ratio is now merely 3.6%, a whopping decline of 7 percentage points. Where is the excess capital? In the event that the rupee appreciates by 3.5% against the basket of foreign currencies and gold held by the BoM – which can happen given volatility in currency markets in normal times –, the BoM will have no capital left. It would then ask the Finance Ministry to recapitalise it in order to maintain the minimum capital requirement. Given the low buffer available at the BoM, the rupee will be the invariable victim: a weaker currency allows the central bank to build up its level of economic capital. There is today more excess liquidity in the system (Rs 21 billion) than the BoM has capital to absorb it. The BoM is likely to go for another cut in the Repo Rate. Savers and pensioners would pay for it all! Les plus récents

Installing LAMP Server on Localhost on Ubuntu Learn all about installing the popular LAMP tech stack on an Ubuntu server in your localhost in this step-by-step beginner's tutorial. When you start learning Linux sysadmin, one of the common tasks you'll come across is installing the LAMP server. LAMP is a tech stack that refers to the collection of the following software required to run a web application: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. While these days, you can deploy servers preconfigured with a web service or run services in containers, installing the LAMP stack is classic. It may seem complicated at the beginning but it gives you a good way to test and practice your Linux knowledge. The best thing is that you don't need a cloud server for that. You can install LAMP on your own computer to create a local development environment. In this guide, you'll get a LAMP stack up and running on an Ubuntu 22.04 machine. At the end of this process, you will have a web server running with a MySQL database backend and the PHP programming language to write dynamic content. Setting up LAMP stack on Ubuntu Which also means that you have taken care of L in LAMP. Let's move to the A (Apache) Step 1: Installing Apache Apache is a popular open-source web server. It is known for its stability, rich feature set, and flexibility. To install Apache, update your local package index and then install the apache2 package using apt: sudo apt update sudo apt install apache2 -y After the installation completes, the Apache service should start automatically. You can check whether the service is running by running the below command. sudo systemctl status apache2.service The output will look something like this. You can also check the status of the service by visiting localhost in your web browser. If Apache is running, you will see the default Ubuntu Apache web page as shown. Great! L and A are done. Let's move to M in LAMP. Step 2: Installing MySQL MySQL, a database management system, is a necessary component of a LAMP stack because it is used by PHP to store information persistently. Installing MySQL on Ubuntu is pretty straightforward. sudo apt install mysql-server -y To start and enable the MySQL service, run the following commands. sudo systemctl start mysql sudo systemctl enable mysql Verify that the MySQL service is running by checking its status. sudo systemctl status mysql You will see output similar to this: Hardening MySQL (optional if you are testing) The default configuration of MySQL leaves your installation insecure. To secure it, you need to run a pre-installed security script that comes with MySQL. It changes some of the less secure default options for things like remote root logins and sample user databases. Now you may not need to do this if you are just testing LAMP stack deployment on local server. But if you are going to use it in real-world scenarios, you should harden the MySQL install. Run the mysql_secure_installation command to improve the security of your MySQL installation: You will be presented with a series of questions. The first question asks if you want to enable the VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN. This plugin tests passwords for strength and allows you to set only strong passwords for MySQL users. Next, you will be asked to select a level of password validation policy. There are three levels of password validation policy: low, medium, and strong. Type the number that corresponds to the password policy you want to implement and press Enter. You will be asked to provide a strong password for the MySQL user. A strong password should be at least eight characters long and contain a mix of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. Type the new strong password for the MySQL user and press Enter. Next, retype the password to confirm it and press Enter again. For the rest of the questions, you just press Y and hit Enter. This will remove the anonymous user accounts, disable root logins outside of localhost, remove the test databases, and reload the privilege tables. You have now completed the basic MySQL installation and configuration. You can now move on to installing PHP. Step 3: Installing PHP PHP is a server-side scripting language that is used to process dynamic content requests. It can be embedded into HTML code or used as a standalone programming language. This is the last component of the LAMP stack. To install PHP and the necessary modules, run the following command. sudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql -y The php-mysql module allows PHP to communicate with MySQL databases. The libapache2-mod-php module lets Apache process PHP code. Once the installation completes, you can check the version of PHP that was installed by typing: Step 4: Test your LAMP stack by creating a PHP file Now you have all of the components of the LAMP stack installed on your Ubuntu system. But is it working? Let's create a PHP file and test it out. PHP files usually have the extension .php. Create a file called info.php in the /var/www/html directory. This is the default Apache document root directory. Open the file in Nano or any other terminal based text editor. sudo nano /var/www/html/info.php Add the following line of code to the file and save it. This line will output the text "PHP is working" if the file is accessed through a web browser. <?php echo "PHP is working"; ?> Restart the Apache web server to make sure the changes take effect. sudo systemctl restart apache2 Now, visit your localhost address in a web browser, and you will see the text "PHP is working," as shown below. You have now successfully set up a LAMP stack on your Ubuntu machine. Apache is not the only web server. Lately, OpenLiteSpeed has also gotten quite popular. If you want to try it, you can replace the LAMP stack with LOMP stack. The LOMP stack installation on Ubuntu is similar to this tutorial. In case you feel experimental, you can test your hands on it. With this basic LAMP installation complete, you can now install a content management system like WordPress or Drupal, or even start coding your own PHP application.

People have always contended for friendship and poets have written poems to celebrate friendships or express their otherwise emotions about their friendships. Friendship is mostly among unrelated people like schoolmates, neighbors, and colleagues but a relative and siblings are also considered a friend. Some best friendship poems are as follows. Appearing in 1916, this poem by Robert Frost is one of the best poems about friendship despite having a title not synchronizing with the theme. Although the poem states that he does not pay heed to the call of a friend to have a walk when he shouts to ask his friend ‘What is it?’ The poet, instead, wants to leave the hoe on the “mellow ground” and wants to go for a “friendly visit.” This small desire of the poet to have a friendly visit with his friend has made this poem to be ranked first. Simplicity and precision are the hallmarks of the poem with a short simple incident conveying the profound significance of friendship. Some of the celebrated verses of this poem are as follows. - I don’t stand still and look around. - And shout from where I am, “What is it?” - I thrust my hoe in the mellow ground. Written by the master, William Shakespeare, this sonnet is known as one of the best friendship poems. Shakespeare directly speaks to his friend, praising his/her beauty and saying that it has been fresh having the features of good seasons, perfumes of the Spring, and beauty of the weather. However, he states that his “Eye may be deceiv’d” as the “age unbred.” The last memorable line celebrates this friendship. However, the interesting thing is the metaphorical comparison of the friend with the beauties of the weather. Some memorable verses of this sonnet are as follows. - To me, fair friend, you never can be old. - Three beauteous springs to yellow autumn turn’ed. - Ah! Yet doth beauty like a dial-hand. - Since first I saw you fresh, which yet are green. Emblems of Friendship by John Imrie Another best poem on friendship is ‘Emblems of Friendship’ by a Canadian poet, John Imrie. The beauty of the poem lies in the metaphorical comparison that the poet has made. The poet has called friendship a golden band, equating it with life, and then comparing it with a silken cord, beacon of light, iron shield, and a gift of God. The use of these similes and metaphors has made this poem a celebrated friendship poem. Some of the memorable lines of this poem are as follows. The following verses could be used as quotes. - Friendship is a golden band. - Friendship is a beacon-light. - Friendship is an iron shield. - Friendship is a gift of God. Friendship Thoughts by St. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo This three-stanza poem was written by a theologian, St. Augustine. However, the reason for its popularity lies not in its writer but in its expression of truth on the sacred bond of friendship. St. Augustine is of the view that this passion for love should be “gratuitous” and should not be used for greed that somebody should give things in return. It means that a friend does not love his friend or her friend for love but for money and other favors. Therefore, this is not love at all. He states that a friend should love his/her friend freely and without any mundane greed. Some of its celebrated verses are as follows. - The love of friendship should be gratuitous. - You love the gift rather than him. - A friend should be loved freely for himself / and not for anything himself. Friends by David V. Bush This short poem comprising just eight lines and two stanzas by David Bush, a celebrated psychologist, and poet, is an interesting poem about friendship. As the title suggests, it is about friendship and its thematic stress has made this poem included in this list. He states that if two persons have suffered a lot, they are friends even if they are from different races. Similarly, he states that if a person has become kind enough to lift the spirits of another person, he is a true friend of the poet. This simple, precise, and denotative message has made this a beautiful poem about friendship. Some of the celebrated lines of this poem are as follows. - Ah, friend perhaps we’ve never met. - We are friends, tho friends in space. - Why then you are my friend. Work For Friendship by J. J. Thorne ‘Work for Friendship’ by Thorne is also known as one of the best friendship poems. In the poem, Thorne has beautifully stipulated the duties of friendship that make friendship worth to be pursued. He believes that you must make life true and warm for the sake of friendship. Using religious and grandiose language, he says that “Cursed is he that makes envy” as the base of friendship and praises those who keep a desire and become truthful just for the sake of friendship. In very simple language and six stanzas, the poet advises his readers that they must do whatever they can for the sake of friendship. Some of the memorable lines of this poem are as follows. - Make life true and warm / For friendship’s sake. - Speak in praise and speak the truth. - Love warms and never alarms. - We will work if it be hard. A Friend or Two by Wilbur D. Nesbit This beautiful poem by Wilbur Nesbit is too one of the best friendship poems with its anaphoric stress on “In a friend or two.” The poet means that everybody must have some friends to rely upon or else he would be burdened with troubles and difficulties. Whether a person is living in exile or his own land, he must have a friend. The rhetorical question at the end stresses the fact that a person must have one or two friends. The simplicity and precision of language have further added to the beauty of the poem, making it highly popular. Some of its best verses are as follows. - There is all of pleasure and all of peace / In a friend or two. - On native soil or in foreign land / But the world is made – do you understand? Be A Friend by Edgar A. Guest This poem by Guest, a British American poem, urges a person to be a friend, the reason that it is included among the best friendship poems. Its popularity lies in its melody through rhyme scheme and four-lined stanzas. The poet has beautifully presented his argument on how to become a good friend. He outlines the features of a good friend that his disposition should be “sunny” and that he should be kind, resilient, tolerant, and forgiving. Using metaphors of story and human passions, Guest highlights the qualities of a good friend. Some of its celebrated verses are as follows. - Be a friend. You don’t need glory. - Just a little labor spend / On the duties of a friend. - Be a friend. The pay is bigger. Friends by Dr. Rosalie Carter This beautiful poem by Rosalie Carter presents the quality of a friend who is worthy of friendship in just two stanzas with each having six lines. Calling a friend a gift of God, he states that a friend does not leave his friend during difficult times, neither blames him but keeps on loving him as usual despite these little hiccups. That is why the poet is of the firm belief that only God can send such a loyal, loving, and kindly persistent person. Some of the memorable lines of this poem are as follows. - But keeps on living just the same. - To make us good, to make us true. - But only God can give a friend. Prized Friendship by Caleb Davis Bradlee This poem is about a generically specific friend, a prized friend. Calling the friend directly, the poet states that it is a great moment of his life that he prizes the friendship of his friend that extends all weathers and climes, all times and circumstances, and all situations. He asserts that despite their earthly life, they would continue until the end of their lives. He longs to continue the same friendship even before God and with the blessings of Jesus Christ. This religiosity in friendship is unique to Bradlee. Some of the best-known lines of this poem are as follows. - Your friendship we have prized indeed. - Long may our lives on earth be spared. - Nothing shall break our union true! / Father, make it fresh and new, /Through Christ, the Son!

“The time is always right to do what is right.” On January 15, 1929, a legend was born in this very special place – Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther King Jr. came into the world that day and has made a lasting impact on society. King was the second of three children and was raised by a financially secure middle-class family. Because of their financial status, the King’s were able to receive an education that was better than the average child of their race. Even at a young age, King took notice of his opportunity and strived to live a life of social protests to provide those same opportunities to all people of color. In 1945, at the age of only 15, King attended Atlanta’s Morehouse College. Immediately following, King’s brilliance continued to shine as he earned his Ph.D. from Crozer Theological Seminary. Shortly after, in 1955, is when King’s civil rights leadership came alive. On December 1, 1955, a seamstress named Rosa Parks was arrested for giving up her seat on a city bus. This led to King’s prominent role in guiding the Montgomery bus boycott. Despite receiving numerous death threats and his home being firebombed, King pushed forward and helped end racial segregation on all Montgomery public buses. King held a strong belief that all men are created equal and should enjoy the same rights and privileges. He held firmly that this should be accomplished through his six principles of nonviolence: - Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people. It is active nonviolent resistance to evil. - Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. The end result of nonviolence is redemption and reconciliation. - Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people. Nonviolence recognizes that evildoers are also victims. - Nonviolence holds that suffering can educate and transform. Nonviolence willingly accepts the consequences to its acts. - Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate. Nonviolence resists violence to the spirit as well as the body. Nonviolence love is active, not passive. Nonviolence love does not sink to the level of the hater. Love restores community and resists injustice. Nonviolence recognizes the fact that all life is interrelated. - Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice. The nonviolent resister has deep faith that justice will eventually win. Because of King’s fundamental beliefs and resilient attitude for change, America eventually came to understand the power of nonviolent protest and therefore ignited major acts of change, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in the workforce and public settings based on race, color, religion and national origin. The Voting Rights Act enables and protects African Americans’ right to vote. King’s influence reaches beyond the United States as his efforts have instilled a symbol of peace, equality and hope around the world. Some of his tributes include a 27-acre park in Paris, France; the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Church in Debrecen, Hungary; the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. Forest in Israel; and the Martin Luther King Jr. School in Accra, Gahna. In addition, throughout the world there are more than 1,000 streets named after King. One way to celebrate his legacy is to make a visit to the very house he was born in located right in Life U’s backyard. King’s childhood home is well-preserved and located in the Auburn Avenue Historic District of Atlanta. It is a two-story house with a front porch, parlor, study, kitchen, dining room, bedroom and bathroom on the first level. The second floor makes up four bedrooms and a bathroom. Thirty-minute tours of King’s birth home are available and conducted by the National Park Service. Registration for the tours is required and can be obtained at the Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park Visitor Center. One last fun fact: George Washington and Abraham Lincoln are the only other Americans to have had their birthdays observed as a national holiday—he is a big deal! Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy is monumental and has changed the world we live in forever.

Table of Contents What is the water quality for keeping frogs? Residents in other areas have needed to tolerate fluoride in their water for numerous years is finding fluoridated water; to be a brand-new experience as well as up until now; it is really problematic. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? We have actually obtained reports of tadpoles dying overnight when arrangement in conditioned faucet water this procedure; does not get rid of the fluoride but the higher influence on frog decline is the effects fluoride carries tiny fish. Prior to fluoride, tiny fish like guppies, white clouds and also Pacific Blue-eyes were used to control mozzies in fish ponds; while not posturing any kind of risks to frog eggs and tadpoles. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? Making use of these varieties allowed pond proprietors to adhere to Health Act but likewise offer a place for regional frogs to breed. Fluoridated water has actually altered all that. The fluoride is triggering several significant changes in these fish, affecting their behavior; capability to recreate and also even ability to remain alive. Water Quality Tips If this is the circumstance in your house, it is far much better to accumulate rain water for your tadpoles. When gathering rain water, it would be far better; to avoid water coming off the roofing system if your roof covering is steel. Unless you live in a location of acid rainfall, regional market; or hefty geoengineering, rainwater is the best feasible water for tadpoles. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? Routine additions of fresh water for tadpoles. You can let the container rest under a tree or bush in the yard; as well as allow the rainfalls to refresh your tank if you have routine rains. Trying the view the level to make certain it does not overflow; as well as wash away some of your tadpoles. You can scoop out some water when it is as well close to the top. You can add some of your already stored water if there is more than a 5 day void in the rains. If the water is not refreshed typically enough, it will certainly start to go off and also the tadpoles won’t look as excellent. Expect cloudiness or any kind of type of buildup of debris in the container. The water does not have to be “crystal clear” yet you must be able to see all-time low. If you can’t, after that you can change over regarding half of the water at the very least once a week. It is an excellent concept to buy an ammonia examination kit from the animal shop to make sure that you can monitor ammonia levels. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? It will kill the tadpoles if the ammonia levels obtain also high. A pH test package is also a great idea yet if you are severe about doing regular rescues or breeding tasks, it deserves obtaining a battery operated pH metre. That you can immediately obtain the ideal pH degrees. The pH sets that make use of colours to match the water example are simply not accurate. A few of the foods we advise can also turn the water environment-friendly so they may be made use of moderately. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? When tadpoles are not doing so well – whether as a result of poor configuration problems, a contaminant obtaining right into the water, or the tadpoles are unhealthy – they will certainly alter the look of the water. A typical occasion is for the water to transform a cloudy yellowish-white and also there could be a slimed series of bubbles all along the top of the water’s side and also around the sides of plants which touch the surface area. This is not a great indication. You may need to sacrifice these by sending them to a vet diagnostic lab or a frog scientist to make sure that they can do pathology to see if there is an explanation. You must additionally take care of such containers with disposable hand wear covers and also not make use of anything that has been made use of on that particular tank (such as webs, mugs, and so on) for any kind of other storage tanks you might have. What is the water quality for keeping frogs? If you have actually been refreshing the water a minimum of once a week, after that conditions should look great. If it has actually gone longer than that or if you have a huge number of tadpoles in the storage tank claim 10 little bits per litre of water, you may require to do a 50% or perhaps a 90% water adjustment. Carefully dig the water and also replenish gradually to make sure that the tadpoles and any product on the base does not get churned up. You can additionally utilize a somewhat broader variation of aquarium tubes to siphon off the debris from all-time low of the storage tank before your water change. This will certainly help in reducing the percentage of water that requires to be revitalized.

Wednesday, July 3, 2019 Kings and Queens and our country Lets talk about our country other countries did not Know the east cost until they got there and that is when the 13 states came alone also called the 13 colonies. They did not know the west cost back the my teacher said " Those states did not exist back then it was just land." Well they exist back then but those states did not have names back then. That is what The 4th of July is about. Our country is better then England in my opinion because our country in more fair and England has Kings and Queens and in that country you have to be born a Prince or Princess. I always asked it the duke and duchess the aunt and the uncle and I was right. But things do get harder to understand so For example the King and Queen get married and They have a Prince and they have a second prince and if the first prince dies the second prince will be king but if the first prince in still alive and has a child the second prince shall never be king so they call him a Duke. Lets say if the First and second prince both die with out having children and the King and Queen have a Princess and The princess shall never be Queen so they call her a Duchess. My teacher said something like that. Our country is better because lets say you married and you want a divorce you can do that in America but not in England because they say you have to be with that person who you are married to. Posted by Dadpreneur Productions at 9:55 PM

This series, taught by Tremper Longman III, offers a clear and compelling introduction to the entire book of Genesis, guiding you in creatively and faithfully living out its message in your own contexts. Longman’s story-centric approach is ideal for formal and informal students alike, and for everyone who wants to better understand Genesis in today’s world. The series is organized around three concepts applied to each passage in Genesis, listening to the story, explaining the story, and living the story. By completing this course, you’ll gain: • familiarity with the overarching narrative of Genesis • insight into how to live the story of Genesis in our context today • a broad grasp of the themes and meaning of the story of Genesis

Have you ever encountered electrical supply failure at your home or any of your electric appliances gone out of power suddenly? Or you are an electronics enthusiast and want to know how to use a multimeter? If you want to diagnose and sort out minor faults at your home or office then this guide is really made for you. With little general knowledge, you can check the outlet’s voltage, any appliance’s amperes and resistance as well. This blog can also help you if you are a working electrician and keen on electrical knowledge. Multimeters are the most helpful tool in the electrical and electronics fields. Along with voltage, current, and resistance we can also use them to check diodes, continuity, capacitance, frequency, and some more advanced parameters. First of all, we strongly recommend that if you don’t have electrical background you should first get proper safety training before using multimeters. As you know it’s a dangerous work of playing with live wires having high and low voltage in them. Without safety measures, there would be more chances of getting shocked accidentally. Don’t worry you don’t have to be an engineer to do some basic tasks. Before doing any task with multimeter you should first consider safety and take necessary measures. Make sure that you are not barefooted, without insulation gloves, and children are away from you if you are at home. Read multimeter’s manual carefully and try to act upon it completely. This will ensure your and your meter’s safety. How to Measure Voltage? Voltage test is the most common test people do through multimeters. Voltage is actually a potential difference between any two points of conductor from which electric charge or current is flowing. There are mainly two types of voltage, one is called low voltage and the other is high voltage. In low voltage, we generally have 120v and 220v systems in different countries, in three phase 440v systems. High voltages are specific to grids and powerhouses only. - First of all turn on your multimeter, put test leads to related sockets. COM or common is a black color test lead that is used only for common or neutral. - Digital multimeters have separate sockets, one is for voltage and resistance, other is for checking current. So for testing voltage put red lead into voltage socket. - Now is the time to set the right switching option. On dial of multimeter, switch rotary selector to voltage. If your multimeter has a manual range then set range according to voltage level, for example, if you are testing volts under 200 set range under 200 volts. - In auto range multimeters there’s no need to set range, meter will automatically detect that. - Now is the time to select points where you will connect multimeter’s probes and get voltage readings. Always select intact and easily accessible connection points, so you can get best accurate readings. - Be clear about which is a neutral point and which is phase in case you are working on single phase system. In three phase you can connect probes to any of two phases, in order to get phase to phase readings. - Carefully connect black lead to neutral or common, red to live phase and watch results on multimeter lcd. - Double check the results for more satisfaction. Check current through multimeters? If you have a clamp multimeter then your life is easy, as it’s a best device to check amperes. You only need to encircle live wire through the clamp jaw, and you’ll get readings without even making physical contact. Clamp meters work on faraday’s law of mutual induction and are so amazing handy devices. The procedure of testing current through digital multimeter is given below, - To measure current through DMM you have to break circuit first, don’t forget to turn off power before breaking circuit. - Set meter’s range to maximum amps which is generally 10A and 20A max in some digital multimeters. - Take a look on sockets, to ensure that test leads are at right position. - Now connect test leads to broken wires, it can be done more perfectly by alligator clips otherwise you can also do it by probes. - Check readings on multimeter lcd. Measuring Resistance through Multimeter? Resistance is another common test performed by multimeters. Resistance is actually the overall opposition of the conductor against flowing charge. Specially ground resistance should be regularly checked to make sure circuit’s safety. The process of testing resistance by multimeter is not much different from voltage and current. Below are some points about the procedure of ohm measurements in multimeters. - First of all check test leads should be at resistance checking socket, generally with this sign Ω . - Now turn off circuit where you want to measure resistance. Without disconnecting circuit you can’t measure it. - Now adjust ohmic range from rotary dial switch. Set resistance range more than the magnitude you are going to test for more good sensitivity. For example if you want to measure 1 ohm resistance, set range to 20 ohms. - Now connect test probes to circuit or element under test and check readings. Continuity Test With Multimeter Continuity as its name suggests is a general test that tells whether the circuit is complete and ready for current flow. It’s just like when an airplane has to be landed at the airport, teams monitor if the runway is clear, and everything is fine. Then they allow airplanes to land on the runway. A continuity test is a simple test, assisted by a beep buzz sound that indicates the condition of the circuit. It’s a very beneficial test that allows us to know component’s health. We can test various equipment like switches, circuit breakers, fuse, wires, motors, and almost all other electric circuits and components. - Firstly, check dial position it should be on continuity or ohm setting. - Now turn off circuit or device which is under test, also don’t forget to separate it from other components in circuit. - Some multimeters have a dedicated continuity test button, so press that button. - Now connect test probes to starting and ending points of the circuit or device. - If multimeter beeps buzz sound, it means circuit path is complete, otherwise, multimeter will not beep. Testing Battery Voltage Dc power means batteries are the only source of power at farthest locations. We also see batteries around us everywhere, according to a survey there,s no room no office left in the modern world where you can’t find a battery of any type. To check overall battery health and charge voltage is a primary factor. If you have a little know how to multimeter functionalities you can easily check your battery voltage. Otherwise follow steps described below, - First of all insert COM or black probe into COM socket and red probe into socket with V or mv option. - Set meter dial to dc voltage point. - In manual range multimeters, you also have to set the range. Suppose you want to test battery of 12v then set range at minimum of 20v dc. - Now connect black probe to negative sign on battery and red to positive and check reading on screen. Leo Maxwell is basically an Electrical engineer and hobby tech writer, having 13 years of experience in the electronics and instrumentation industry. He has hands on experience working in various fields like Powerhouses, solar, automotive, and FMCG. During his career, he has used many power tools and meters in electrical projects. Now his aim is to explain tools and troubleshooting in easy guides to help people. Other then it, leo loves traveling, reading books and DIY tasks.

The way we think about things is important in determining how we feel. Our thoughts are negatively biased as a possible protection against harm. Read on to find out if you are suffering from ANTS which can be harmful to our brain chemistry, and if so what you can do about it. Why we have Automatic Negative Thinking Syndrome-ANTS Our thoughts are negatively biased as a projection against possible harm. Yet the brain can fool you into thinking that your negative thoughts are accurate and logical but they serve only to reinforce negative thinking and emotions. What are ANTS? Back in the 1960s Dr Aaron Beck was working with patients with depression and noticed that continuous streams of negative thoughts spontaneously arose. He became convinced that automatic negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” or “I’m such a loser” affected overall happiness and mental health even causing his patients depression. He noticed the negative thinking fell into three categories: negative ideas about themselves, the world, and the future. He called these negative thoughts: Automatic Negative Thinking or ANTS. Here are just 5 examples of ANTS -the way we think about things is important in determining how we feel. (1) Overgeneralisation: Such thoughts often include the words “always” and “never”. E.g. I forgot to finish that project on time. I never do things right. He didn’t want to go out with me. I’ll always be lonely. (2) Filtering (Selective Abstraction): Concentrating on the negatives while ignoring the positives. E.g. I know he [my boss] said most of my submission was great but he also said there were several mistakes that had to be corrected…he must think I’m really hopeless. (3) All or Nothing Thinking (Dichotomous Reasoning): A tendency to view things at the extremes with no middle ground. E.g. I made so many mistakes. If I can’t do it perfectly I might as well not bother. I won’t be able to get all of this done, so I may as well not start it. This job is so bad…there’s nothing good about it at all. (4) Personalising: Thinking that what people say or do is critical of you. E.g. John’s in a terrible mood. It must have been something I did. It’s obvious she doesn’t like me, otherwise she would’ve said hello. (5) Catastrophising: Overestimating the chances of disaster. E.g. I’m going to make a fool of myself and people will laugh at me. What if I haven’t turned the iron off and the house burns down. If I don’t perform well, I’ll get the sack. Leading cause of disability worldwide ANTS can negatively impact brain chemistry and lead to depression. Studies show depression is the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric disorder worldwide in adults. In Australia the average annual cost per person using antidepressants can range from $1200-$2400 Alarmingly nearly 1 in 10 Australians take antidepressants and long term usage has become common. Are there other solutions? WHAT CAN YOU DO? ANTS a problem solved through meditation: Meditation…Developing a consistent and continuous practice of mindfulness and meditation for as little as 10 minutes a day, will help eliminate excessive negative thinking. Even those who don’t believe they can meditate because of incessant thoughts will find meditation is not difficult if you apply patience and persistence to the practice. Meditation is “ANT RID” and it costs zero to practice. Bill Patterson explains some basic facts and myths about hypnosis on the Biohackers Lab podcast Is Hypnosis Safe & Good For You? • Bill Patterson – BioHackers Lab Here is Dr Daniel Lewis on How to Deal with Chronic Pain (Management Tips) • from Biohackers Lab: Here is more from Dr Daniel Lewis Listen to the podcast on autoimmune disease and meditation: LUPUS – Autoimmune disease spotlight with Dr Daniel Lewis More than meditation Join us to learn the art of meditating well at the The More Than Meditation Course One night per week for 5 weeks and now in its 15thyear!

The inception of Bitcoin in 2009 marked a revolutionary moment in the world of finance, introducing the concept of decentralized digital currency. However, the true identity of Bitcoin’s creator, Satoshi Nakamoto, remains one of the greatest mysteries in the history of technology. This article explores the origins of Bitcoin, delves into the characteristics of Satoshi Nakamoto, and examines the top five suspects who have been speculated to be the elusive creator. The Birth of Bitcoin And The Enigma Of Satoshi Nakamoto On January 3, 2009, Satoshi Nakamoto mined the first block of the Bitcoin blockchain, known as the “genesis block,” embedding a message that would forever be etched into the history of cryptocurrency. Despite the monumental significance of Nakamoto’s creation, the identity of this figure—or possibly group of people—remains unknown. Satoshi Nakamoto communicated with the early Bitcoin community through forums and emails, contributing to the development of the cryptocurrency until late 2010. Then, in a cryptic farewell, Nakamoto handed over the reins to other developers and vanished from the public eye. The anonymity maintained by Nakamoto has fueled intense speculation and numerous theories regarding their identity. Top 5 Suspects In The Quest To Unmask Satoshi Nakamoto: 1. Dorian Nakamoto – In March 2014, a Newsweek article claimed to have identified Satoshi Nakamoto as a Japanese-American physicist named Dorian Nakamoto. The revelation thrust Dorian into the spotlight, leading to widespread media attention. However, Dorian Nakamoto vehemently denied any involvement in the creation of Bitcoin, stating that he misunderstood the journalist’s questions. The controversy surrounding Dorian’s potential role in Bitcoin’s origin remains a cautionary tale about the dangers of premature and inaccurate revelations. 2. Craig Wright – Australian entrepreneur and computer scientist Craig Wright has frequently been associated with the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. In 2015, Wired and Gizmodo published articles suggesting that Wright might be Nakamoto, based on leaked documents and correspondence. However, Craig Wright’s claims to be Satoshi Nakamoto have been met with skepticism, and he has faced legal challenges related to his attempts to copyright the Bitcoin white paper. Despite his assertions, the Bitcoin community remains divided on whether Wright is indeed the elusive creator. 3. Hal Finney – A well-respected cryptographic pioneer and one of the earliest contributors to the Bitcoin project, has been considered a potential candidate for the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. Finney’s proximity to Bitcoin’s creation, his expertise in cryptography, and his collaboration with Nakamoto during the early days of Bitcoin make him a compelling suspect. However, the theory was complicated by the fact that Hal Finney passed away in 2014. Some argue that the timing of his death aligns with Nakamoto’s disappearance, while others believe this connection is merely coincidental. 4. Nick Szabo – A computer scientist and legal scholar, is another prominent figure often mentioned in discussions about Satoshi Nakamoto’s identity. Szabo’s contributions to the concept of “bit gold,” a precursor to Bitcoin, and his expertise in both computer science and law make him a plausible candidate. Despite being an active member of the cryptocurrency community, Szabo has neither confirmed nor denied being Nakamoto. The speculation around Szabo is fueled by linguistic analyses comparing his writing style to that of Satoshi Nakamoto. 5. Elon Musk – Entrepreneur and SpaceX founder Elon Musk has also been the subject of speculation regarding the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. Musk’s association with cryptocurrencies, including his interest in Bitcoin, has led to occasional rumors suggesting that he may be Nakamoto. Musk has denied these claims, stating that he doesn’t have the time to create a cryptocurrency. While Musk’s denial might put an end to the speculation, the idea of a high-profile figure like Musk being Nakamoto continues to capture the imagination of the crypto community. The Intriguing Characteristics of Satoshi Nakamoto The mystery surrounding Satoshi Nakamoto extends beyond their identity to the characteristics and traits displayed in communications and writings attributed to them. Some key aspects of Nakamoto’s persona include: 1. Fluency in Cryptography: Satoshi Nakamoto displayed a deep understanding of cryptography, evident in the design of Bitcoin’s cryptographic protocols and the implementation of the blockchain. The level of expertise demonstrated in Nakamoto’s writings suggests a background in computer science and cryptography. 2. Clear Understanding of Economics: Nakamoto’s writings also reflect a nuanced understanding of economic principles, monetary policy, and the flaws of traditional financial systems. The creation of Bitcoin, with its fixed supply and decentralized nature, is often seen as a response to concerns about centralized control over traditional currencies. 3. Meticulous Attention to Detail: The development of Bitcoin and its underlying technology showcases a meticulous attention to detail. Nakamoto’s ability to foresee potential challenges and design solutions for them is evident in the robustness of the Bitcoin protocol. 4. Effective Communication Skills: Nakamoto communicated effectively with the early Bitcoin community, addressing technical aspects of the project, responding to inquiries, and articulating the vision behind Bitcoin. The clarity and precision in Nakamoto’s communication style have contributed to the enduring mystique surrounding their identity. The identity of Satoshi Nakamoto remains one of the most captivating and enduring mysteries in the world of technology and finance. While numerous individuals have been suggested as potential candidates, the true identity of Nakamoto continues to elude the public eye. Whether Nakamoto is an individual or a group, their legacy as the creator of Bitcoin and the blockchain technology that underpins it has left an indelible mark on the evolution of digital currencies. As the quest to unmask Satoshi Nakamoto persists, the mystery surrounding this elusive figure adds an element of intrigue to the broader narrative of blockchain technology. The enigma of Nakamoto, coupled with the transformative impact of Bitcoin, continues to captivate the imagination of those who marvel at the possibilities and disruptions brought forth by decentralized currencies. Until the day Nakamoto steps out of the shadows, the identity of the creator of Bitcoin will remain one of the most enduring riddles in the world of technology and finance.

Searching for meteorites in Antarctica Finding meteorites is no easy task. Despite this, a team of scientists including NCCR PlanetS member Prof. Maria Schönbächler from ETH Zürich, were successful on an expedition. Their secret? Going to Antarctica where they found several new meteorites between December 2022 and January 2023, including a unique piece weighing 7.6 kilograms. Looking for a needle in a haystack One can wonder why the team of scientists, composed of members from Switzerland, Belgium and the USA, decided to go to Antarctica and did not search elsewhere for meteorites. There are several good reasons. First, as you are looking for what might seem a normal rock, except that it harbours a dark crust, a desert is an ideal place to scan a large area at once to identify potential meteorites. For that reason, deserts like the Sahara are usually amongst the favourite hunting grounds of meteorite searchers. This is, nevertheless, still like searching for a needle in a haystack, as there are many rocks in a desert. On the other hand, the ice and snow layer of Antarctica, with its white-blue colour, makes any rock stand out as an anomaly, an additional reason for the scientists to go there despite the harsh climate. Lastly, the movements of glaciers transport rocks with them, including meteorites that fell onto the glaciers. In special places where the ice layer is slowly eroded by winds, the rocks and meteorites reappear and accumulate in moraines. This is a good place to look for meteorites. Blue-ice fields are another type of relatively rare areas (1% of the Antarctica surface) resulting from wind-driven erosion. Likewise, those regions are also ideal to scan for precious meteorites. Fighting the elements The goal of the team was primarily to scout for new potential concentration regions based on satellite images near the Princess Elisabeth Belgian research station. The South Pole continent is, however, not a very hospitable land. The researchers could nevertheless count on Alain Hubert from the International Polar Foundation, an experienced explorer who knows the region well. He inspected the potential areas first to assure the safety of the expedition. The researchers also obtained crevasses training and Manu Poudelet (International Polar Guide) guided them safely in the field. The crew obtained crevasses training as they pose a real treat when exploring the region, in particular when covered by a layer of snow hiding them as explains Alain Hubert in this video. From the research station to the first target area about sixty kilometres away, the team had to travel carefully across the snow dunes landscape with their snowmobiles, taking major detours to avoid dangerous areas with crevasses, and camping at night in the ice fields. Although it was summer there, the temperature generally reached no more than -10°C and the wind kept blowing quite regularly during their month there. The wind strength even forced the crew to stay at the station for several days. Some days, the weather conditions prevented the search for meteorites. A winning gamble This challenging expedition paid off in the end for the international scientific team, who managed to find five meteorites in one of the search areas, the icing on the cake being the 7.6 kilograms one found on their last day, in their last hour of searching. There was also no doubt regarding the nature of this rock: its surface shows clear evidence of a black fusion crust, due to the meteorite heating severely during its atmospheric entry. Less than 0.3 % of the meteorites discovered in Antarctica, are more massive than this one. It is thus an exceptional find amongst the over 40 000 meteorites discovered in Antarctica over the last five decades of exploration. From the four other more modest meteorites, one of the most intriguing weights “only” 150 grams. That being said, it is very dense with a peculiar shape, puzzling the scientists regarding its composition. All the meteorites were carefully packed in special boxes with cooling pads to be warmed up under controlled conditions once back in Europe. Just the beginning The meteorites are not the only piece of Antarctica the crew brought back in their luggage. The expedition also took the opportunity to sample fine-grained sediments. They were shared equally amongst the various institutes involved and will be analysed to search for micrometeorites. The five meteorites are curated in Belgium and will be available for each institute involved in the expedition to conduct their research. One of the advantages of meteorites found in Antarctica is that they are usually engulfed in ice after impact, protecting them partially from alterations by the environment until they are revealed. This enables the scientists to better determine the age and compositions of the meteorites, which likely come from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and are generally older than 4 billion years. Most such meteorites are still unchanged since their formation time, thus providing us with a snapshot of the formation of the solar system. Moreover, meteorites have also brought organic compounds to Earth that might have been key in the development of life. Finding and analysing more meteorites consequently may also bring us closer to understand the origins of life. The objectives of the mission were fully achieved: from the six areas scouted, all the meteorites were found in a single one, providing interesting prospects for future expeditions in this area. The scientists are looking forward to plan another expedition, despite the rather harsh conditions. As Maria Schönbächler relates: “Antarctica is still largely untouched, it is a beautiful ice desert that merits to be preserved. I feel privileged that I could visit it.” All pictures, except stated otherwise, have been provided, and belong to Maria Schönbächler – ETH Zürich.

Artificial Intelligence has completely transformed how we create art. Today’s world is one in which the boundaries between technology and art are increasingly blurring, and AI lies at the center of this revolution. The days when creating art was reserved only for highly-skilled individuals like designers or artists using physical and digital brushes and canvases are long gone. Today, AI, or generative AI more precisely, is transforming the very essence of image creation, offering limitless possibilities and redefining the boundaries of imagination. But how does AI image generation actually work? How can AI models produce images that can evoke emotions, tell stories, or even mimic the human touch? In this introductory guide, we will delve into the world of AI image generation and explain how AI image generators work, demystifying the mechanics behind this fascinating art form. AI image generation is actually Generative AI - a category of AI designed for content creation. Unlike discriminative models, which analyze and make predictions or decisions based on existing data, generative models aim to generate new data that is similar in statistics or characteristics to the training data. AI image generators use machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks to create realistic images by processing natural language inputs. They are trained on large datasets of images through which they learn about the different image aspects, elements, and characteristics to be able to generate similar images. There are many types of AI image generation models, but the most popular are Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and diffusion models. We are more interested in the latter - diffusion models - since they are the latest versions of AI image generator models, or in more technical terms, deep generative models. If you are confused by all this high-tech terminology, you must have heard about the most famous diffusion model, Midjourney, DALL-E 2, and yes, you guessed it, Stable Diffusion. The name ‘diffusion’ was inspired by the process in which they produce images, which looks like the movement of gas molecules from high to low-density areas in thermodynamics. The process by which AI image generators built on diffusion models transform noise (we’ll explain what ‘noise’ means in terms of AI models below) is similar to the diffusion of particles. In contrast to GANs, which use neural networks in the training process to generate images, diffusion models produce images by imitating the data they have been trained on. The data can be anything from images, paintings, photos, 3D models, game assets, etc. Diffusion models learn through a process that resembles diffusion, in which they corrupt the training data (images) by adding noise to them and learning how to reverse the data by removing the noise and generating new, similar images. In more descriptive words, imagine a diffusion model being a master chef who tastes a meal, breaks down the ingredients to learn them, and then cooks a meal that tastes similar to the original one. The term noise comes from digital and analog systems in signal processing. Noise in signal processing means unwanted changes that happen to a signal when it is captured, stored, transmitted, or processed. These changes are usually measured using a metric called the signal-to-noise ratio, which compares the strength of the signal we want to hear to the strength of unwanted background noise. When there is a lot of noise, it can make it harder to hear the signal we want. Think of it like trying to listen to someone talk in a really noisy room - the more noise there is, the harder it is to hear what they're saying. The term noise was then transferred to machine learning to refer to unwanted patterns or behaviors in the data that can make it difficult to get clear signals. We want to minimize the noise and focus on the important signals in the data. Now that we have a high-level overview of how text-to-image AI works, let’s see the process step-by-step. The process starts when you input a text prompt into the AI image generator. The AI then uses NLP (natural language processing) to transform the textual data into a machine-friendly language. This involves turning text into numerical vectors that carry the meaning of the words. Think of these vectors as a set of instructions. For example, if a user asks an image generator to create "brown puppy on the beach," the model changes the words into numbers that understand "brown," "puppy," and "beach," and how they relate. This numerical guide helps the AI build the image. The guide tells the AI how to make the final image, ensuring that it positions the object in the image correctly. This clever change from text to numbers, and then to images, lets AI image generators create visual representations from written prompts. In this stage of the process, the model starts with the input data, for example, a picture, and gradually adds random noise to it. The model uses what is known as the ‘Markov Chain,’ which is a chain of actions where each action changes the picture a little, based on how it looked in the step before. The random noise added in this stage is known as “Gaussian noise,” a common type of random noise. The model studies how the random noise added in the previous stage changes the original data. It learns the process of transforming the original image to the noisy one so it can trace back and reverse it. The goal is to understand the differences between the original and altered data at each step. Training the model is all about perfecting this reverse process. After the model is trained and has understood how adding noise changes the original data, now it should reverse the process. The AI examines the noisy image and tries to figure out how to remove it to get the original data (image). In essence, the diffusion model tries to track back the steps of the previous process. By backtracking the steps, it learns how to produce new data (image) similar to the original one. Ultimately, the model uses what it learns in the reverse diffusion step to output a generated image. First, it starts with a chaotic clutter of pixels - the random noise. Then, it relies on the text prompt to guide it in turning the noise into a clear output image. The text prompt serves as a guideline, informing it what the final generated image should look like. The AI performs the reverse diffusion, slowly transforming the random noise into a picture. At the same time, it makes sure the generated image matches the written text prompt. It does this by reducing any differences between the picture it's creating and what the written prompt suggests the picture should be like. This process of adding random noise and learning how to reverse it makes the AI image generation models capable of generating realistic images. You can keep repeating this process to tweak the image or make different versions by entering different prompts. The AI model goes through the same steps until it achieves the desired output. You might be wondering why you don’t get the exact image each time you enter the same prompt into an AI image generator. The main reason is that the noise is random. Due to this, the model makes predictions based on this noise at every step, which influences image generation. It’s like constructing a building, but having different building blocks and a new blueprint each time. The AI model doesn’t see the image as we people do. Although trained on sample images, it doesn't simply reconstruct them and create collages out of them. Instead, as we saw, it relies on mathematics assigning numerical vectors to the different words of the text prompt. Some Midjourney users claim that adding a seed number can help you maintain consistency in your images. To learn more, check out our guide. Midjourney is a text-to-image AI generator that allows users to create realistic, abstract, and fantasy-like images. It was developed by Midjourney Inc and launched in open beta in July 2022. It’s accessible only on Discord. Users can generate images by typing the ‘/imagine’ command followed by the description of the image in their Discord server or via chatting with their Discord bot in DMs. Midjourney's AI creates visually appealing, artistic images, emphasizing complementary colors, light balance, sharp details, and pleasing composition. It uses a diffusion model, like DALL-E and Stable Diffusion, transforming random noise into art. As of March 15, 2023, the V5 model represents a significant upgrade, though details about the training models and source code are undisclosed. Currently, Midjourney produces images at a low resolution of 1,024 x 1,024 pixels, but the upcoming Midjourney 6 promises higher-resolution images suitable for printing. DALL-E is a diffusion model developed by OpenAI. Its name is a tribute to and bland of Salvador Dali, the Spanish surreal artist and adorable robot in Disney’s animated sci-fi movie “WALL-E.” DALL-E 2, released in April 2022, is an advanced version of the original DALL-E, built on a diffusion model and integrating data from CLIP, a model developed by OpenAI that connects visual and textual information. Utilizing GPT-3 to interpret natural language prompts, DALL-E 2 consists of two main parts: the Prior and the Decoder. The Prior converts user text into an image representation, and the Decoder generates the corresponding image. Compared to the original, DALL-E 2 is more efficient, offers four times the resolution, improved speed, flexibility in image sizes, and provides users with a wider range of customization options, including different artistic styles and extensions of existing images. Stable Diffusion, launched in 2022 through a collaboration between Stability AI, EleutherAI, and LAION, is a text-to-image generative AI model capable of creating detailed images from text. It offers advanced image generation features: filling in missing parts of images (inpainting), extending images (outpainting), and transforming one image into another. Using the Latent Diffusion Model (LDM), Stable Diffusion begins with random noise and gradually refines the image to match the text. Initially using a CLIP text encoder, its second version includes OpenClip, allowing for more detailed image generation. Notably, Stable Diffusion's open-source nature and compatibility with consumer-grade graphics cards make it accessible to a wide audience, encouraging participation and contribution. 🚀 Explore also how text-to-video AI generation works. The integration of AI with art has revolutionized the way we approach creativity and imagination. Tools like Generative AI, specifically diffusion models such as Midjourney, DALL-E 2, and Stable Diffusion, are transforming image creation. They can now generate realistic images based on textual descriptions, making them incredibly powerful in the artistic domain. As these AI image generators continue to evolve, there's growing curiosity about whether they might one day entirely replace designers and visual creators. However, despite the impressive capabilities of AI in art and design, they aren't poised to fully replace human creativity. AI can serve as valuable assistants to artists and designers, but they lack the essential human touch and emotion that define art. While AI does enhance the artistic process and allows for efficient, high-quality art generation, it's still fundamentally a tool. Human guidance and interpretation remain crucial, emphasizing that AI complements human creativity rather than supplanting it.

Numeracy Teaching & Learning Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas. At Newport Lakes Primary School there is an expectation that each grade will complete five hours of mathematics per week. The content of these lessons is based on the Victorian Curriculum for each year level and changes are often made to ensure students are supported or extended depending on their individual needs. There is also an emphasis placed on: - Providing students with a clear understanding of the purpose and focus of the lesson through Learning Intentions and Success Criteria - Following a set Instructional Model for each lesson - Setting individual goals within units of work through the use of Proficiency Scales - Teaching and using multiple strategies to solve open-ended and real-life problems - Exposing students to and building their mathematical vocabulary Mathematics at Newport Lakes Primary School is further celebrated with the community bi-annually through our Family Maths Nights. These nights have changed in format over the years but generally are a celebration of the work completed by the students and provides them with an opportunity to solve open-ended maths problems and play fun and hands-on maths games with their parents. Maths incursions also make up part of our curriculum. Neve F from Grade 5/6 wrote: ‘This week we did an incursion called World of Maths. It was fun and enjoyable. We learned new things and we dealt with difficult puzzles. The positivity was in the air. The session went for a good 2 hours of non-stop maths puzzles. Some of our favourite puzzles were the balancing beam where we had a balancing bar and had to balance out different sized weights evenly so it floated by itself. In the activity, ‘Trains’ we had to find out a way to get one train to the other station and switch it all around. In ‘Music’ we had to play the correct notes on metal to make up the Twinkle Twinkle Little Stars song. This activity also involved measurement. In ‘Mirrors’ we used reflections to make different shapes. A big thank you to Robbie the maths guy for helping us and hosting the maths incursion.’

Climate change is often discussed as the ultimate market failure: in the absence of laws that change incentives, decisions to maximize individual self-interest will not produce the socially desirable outcome of reducing carbon emissions and preserving the climate system. The role of individual and institutional behavior in bringing about the necessary changes is rarely discussed outside this context. However, behavior came up repeatedly and in several different ways in the presentations at the recent GROCC meeting, so I just want to consider these ideas briefly. Helen Howes from Exelon discussed smart-metering (a means of providing information about electricity use to help consumers make wiser decisions) as a tool for reducing carbon emissions from electricity service. In his presentation on green buildings, William Sisson of United Technologies talked about integrated planning, which requires changes in established interactions between various businesses that make up the building sector, as well as conservation behaviors by users of buildings. Albert Bressand alluded to the recently lifestyle survey from the Pew Research Center, which found Americans are happiest living in suburbs or small towns, relatively carbon-intensive settings. These are all examples of self-interested decisions that produce carbon emissions and contribute to climate change. Climate decisions are not monolithically bad, however. After all, the EU, the state of California, and many cities around the world have been able to agree on climate change measures that will benefit the collective while imposing costs on individual group members. David Krantz, who directs the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia presented research that looks at why some groups are able to cooperate in ways that maximize the interest of the group over the interests of the individuals. Part of the answer appears to be that in social contexts, the best interest of individuals includes social goals as well as individual ones. This suggests that tools to expand affiliation or identification with larger groups may encourage decisions that do not sacrifice the well-being of the group as readily to the interests of individuals. This research may have implications for negotiations and policymaking at all levels of society. Ignacio Campino, a GROCC participant, made an interesting analogy that casts some light on the notion of climate change as a critical inflection point for humanity. He described the challenge of climate change as an evolutionary one. While no one is yet projecting the extinction of the human species as a result of climate change, there is certainly the possibility of a drastic reduction in the Earth’s carrying capacity. In this sense, climate change demands that we as a species use our collective intellectual capabilities to manage our own social evolution. I find that when I think about it this way, it seems less vexing that 20 years have passed with what sometimes seems like minimal progress in international negotiations. It seems clear that international and national policy measures are necessary to produce the behaviors, including massive investments in mitigation technologies that can reduce carbon emissions as drastically as we need to. The game of chicken between the United States and the large developing countries will continue until one side (the US) is willing to make what it sees as sacrifices. In the meantime, changes in the behaviors of individuals, businesses, states and communities are helping to make larger scale agreement appear feasible, and creating conditions for those policies to have a chance at succeeding.

Health officials in Oregon have recently confirmed the state’s first case of bubonic plague since 2015. The individual was likely infected by their symptomatic pet cat, according to Deschutes County officials. The case was caught early and poses little risk to the community, with no additional cases reported. All close contacts of the resident and their pet have been contacted and provided medication to prevent illness, county health officer Dr. Richard Fawcett said Wednesday. Bubonic plague is a bacterial disease that is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected flea or contact with an infected animal. In Central Oregon, squirrels and chipmunks most often carry the disease. However, health officials noted that mice and other rodents can also carry it. Symptoms typically appear two to eight days after exposure to an infected animal or flea and include fever, headache, chills, weakness, and one or more swollen, painful lymph nodes called buboes. If left untreated, bubonic plague can develop into septicemic plague or pneumonic plague – both of which are more severe forms of the disease that are difficult to treat. To prevent the spread of this disease, health officials advised people to avoid contact with rodents – including those that are sick, injured or dead – as well as keeping pets on leashes while outdoors and using flea control products to reduce the likelihood of pets getting fleas. Pet cats are particularly susceptible to bubonic plague and should be discouraged from hunting rodents if possible

A WAN is a network that spans large geographical areas and interconnects smaller networks, such as LANs. Increase your knowledge of connecting global networks by learning about GRE tunnels, inter-domain routing, and eBGP. ICND2 3.0: Wide Area Networks Using GRE and eBGP - configure the GRE tunnel and verify that it works - describe the basics of IGP vs EGP for configuring single-homed eBGP

The Okhotsk Sea in Hokkaido is famous for drift ice in winter. In the most severe season, 80 percent of the sea is covered with drift ice. In mid-November, drift ice starts forming at points where the Amur River to the north in Sakhalin flows into the sea. This drift ice expands in the north wind and travels with the currents some 2000km south to arrive near Abashiri by mid-January. Because fresh water runs from the Amur River into the Okhotsk Sea, the surface of the sea here is less salty. Sea water with less salt freezes more easily, thus forming drift ice. This ice, born in the far north sea, brings rich plankton, which is fed on by sea creatures such as hairy crab, salmon, trout and scallop. As far as you can see, the drift ice forms a field of white that is completely silent without the sound of waves. Drift ice on the Okhotsk Sea is a poetic world produced by mysterious nature. In mid-May, wisteria blooms beautifully over the mountains. Fujifu is a cloth made by weaving fabrics extracted from the vines of those wisterias. In the Tango areas, the weaving skills that developed over 1,200 years are now designated as a traditional handicraft of Kyoto. The history of fujifu is long. There is a phrase that indicates the presence of fujifu even in the 'Manyoushu' (a collection of Japanese poetry, compiled around the mid-8th century), which mentions 'the fujifu of a salt farm worker, working for the lord'. Also, an anecdote describes how the Emperor Godaigo took a wisteria seedling with him to Okinoshima island, when he was exiled there by the Kamakura Shogunate in 1333 (Genkou 2). The anecdote explains that he loved the wisteria and remembered the imperial capital by dressing in fujifu cloth. At one time, fujifu was being produced widely across Japan as general apparel. Today, there have been approaches to adapt fujifu for modern lifestyles by making new products, such as 'noren' curtains, tapestries, obi belts and interior accessories. Incense burning is a unique Japanese art in which fragrant wood is burnt for the enjoyment of its scent. Fragrant wood was introduced to Japan at the same time as Buddhism and the custom of adding scent to clothes or hair was born. By the mid-Muromachi period, the burning of fragant wood had become stylised in the same way as the tea ceremony and flower arranging. The basic style of incense burning involves cutting a piece of fragrant wood and putting it into a censer; the censer is passed back and forth so that its scent can be enjoyed. Incense burning has an element of game and you guess which scent is which by comparing it with the Japanese classics and waka poems relating to it. This is different from other arts but, of course, winning and losing are not as important as enjoying the scent. Incense burning is a very profound art that integrates one's literary knowledge, etiquette and mastery of books and tools. Many people love this art. The Yumeji Local Art Museum Branch, located in Setonai, Okayama Prefecture, commemorates the birthplace of Yumeji Takehisa, who lived here until the age of 16. Yumeji Takehisa was a lyrical and roving artist/poet whose work is representative of the Taisho Romantic style. Yumeji was born in 1884 (Meiji 17) in the town of Oku. Surrounded by beautiful mountains and rivers, this environment must lie at the roots of Yumeji's art. The Yumeji museum exhibits Yumeji's sketches and block prints. Near the window are drawing marks he made for his beloved sister who had married. There is a monument at the museum entrance with the words, 'Takehisa Yumeji was born here' by Ikuma Arishima, one of Yumeji's best supporters. Next door, there is a recreation of Yumeji's studio, designed by him and now called the Yumeji Youth Lodge. Yumeji fans should definitely pay a visit to the poet's birthplace. Nijyozan Mountain, despite its low altitude, is the most historic mountain in all of Nara Prefecture, and is located between the Ikoma Mountain range and the Katsuragi Mountain range. If you look at it from the Osaka Prefecture side, it resembles the shape of a camel's back. The Odake (Male Mountain), which has an altitude of 517m, and the Medake (Female Mountain), with an altitude of 474m, are the two round mountain peaks which make up the Nijyozan. At the summit of the Odake is the grave of Prince Otsu (poet and son of Emperor Temmu), who was executed on the suspicion of rebellion. Some people may know the Manyoushu (Song of Ten Thousand Leaves), which Princess Ookuno composed in memory of her younger brother. The song 'Utsusomino-Hitonaruwareya-Asuyoriwa-Nijyouzanwo-Otoutoyotowagamimu' describes the princess's feelings of pain and sadness for her brother. The Nijyozan is currently being prepared to become a Natural Park called the Manyou-no-Mori ('forest of ten thousand leaves'). Besides mountain climbing, people can enjoy touring of historic sites, such as the cave temples dating to the Nara period and stone monuments inscribed with tanka poems from the Manyoushu. On holidays, the Nijyozan is full of visitors who have come to enjoy a pleasant stroll. Shinminato Hojozu Hachimangu Shrine is located in Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture. The shrine was established in 746, when the poet Ootomo-no-Yakamochi, who was then an officer of the Ecchu area, was given blessings by the Usa Hachimangu Shrine in Toyomae to build a shrine. Behind the site of the shrine is a monument commemorating one of Ootomo-no-Yakamochi's poems, which is about Nago Inlet, and is included in the classic book 'Manyoushu'. 'Because the eastern wind blows hard, the waves of the Nago Inlet beat the shore, just as my heart aches and beats for security and love.' Nago Inlet can be seen from the shrine, allowing the viewer to experience the poet’s passion and emotion. The shrine also includes a monument to Matsuo Basho, who became famous for his book 'Osu no Hosomichi'. The Houjyouzu Hachiman Festival takes place every October 1st with a parade of floats. Thirteen gorgeous floats are pulled through the city, looking like mountains of flowers by day, and a grand sight by night when lit up. Haisei-den was built in 1942 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the birth of the famous haiku poet Matsuo Basho. It is located in Iga City, Mie prefecture. The building has been designated as a Cultural Asset of Iga. Haisei-den is in Ueno Park (the site of Iga Ueno Castle). The building has an unusual design: it is in the shape of Basho on one of his trips. A roof corresponds to his hat, the octagonal eaves to his sash, the pillars to his stick, and a wooden frame to his face. Inside, there is a life-sized statue in Iga ware of Basho seated. Katsu Kawasaki, a councillor born in Mie, built this strange and magnificent building with money from his own pocket. On October 12 every year, on the anniversary of Basho's death, a Basho Festival is held to honor his memory and achievements. Moreover, haiku and renku poems from all over Japan are dedicated to Basho's statue, and the statue is opened to the public on this day only. This building expresses both the traveler and architecture at the same time. There is no similar example and Haisei-den is a masterpiece of unusual architectural art. Since ancient times, the Japanese cherry (sakura) tree has been deeply connected to the spirit and lifestyle of the Japanese people as the spiritual tree of Konohanasakuyahimenomikoto. The cherry blossom is the representative flower of Japan and, generally said, the word 'flower' for the Japanese means cherry blossom. Sakura is also the official flower of the state of Japan. For many reasons, too, the sakura tree is important for practical purposes. For example, an early-Jomon period bow excavated from the Torihama Shell Mound Site in Fukui Prefecture contains parts reinforced with sakura bark. In addition, people knew when to sow the fields and time the crops by following the sakura's blossoming. Yet the sakura is more of an ornamental tree, and 'hanami' ('cherry-blossom viewing') is an annual spring event nationwide. Additionally, the beautiful and transient characteristic of the tree to blossom before foliating in a short space of time, before falling gracefully, has been the subject of countless poems. Furthermore, sakura is often the subject of conversations with a distinctively Japanese aesthetic.

Learn how to enhance your pitching skills with drills, workout routines and mental aspects with this ultimate guide for pitchers. Becoming a better pitcher is a goal for any baseball or softball pitcher. The good news is that with proper conditioning, drills, and getting your head in the game, you can become a much better pitcher. This guide will walk you through different ways to improve your pitching, increase your velocity, and improve your pitching control. Work On Pitching Control Pitching control is an incredibly important skill that young pitchers must master to improve their game. Even though velocity is the metric most often used in pitching, pitching control is an important skill- without it, pitchers won’t be able to advance to higher levels in baseball or softball. Pitching control starts with good mechanics. If a pitcher has strong velocity but can’t locate pitches, it’s likely a mechanical issue. The pitcher has to be able to control his body in order to control the ball, as the body is responsible for a consistent release point. Identifying the issue at hand is important, as adjustments can then be made to improve mechanics. When starting out as a pitcher, it’s important to start with the fundamentals. Breaking down every movement, and then practicing consistently, is the best way to form proper mechanics in pitching. Baseball And Softball Pitcher Drills The drills below can help new pitchers work on pitching mechanics and refine their skills as they advance. GRIPPING THE BALL This drill is key when first starting out, making it perfect for new pitchers. Teaching baseball and softball pitchers to hold the ball up out of their palms and up on their fingertips. This helps with snap control and velocity. PITCHER CONTROL DRILL This drill helps pitchers develop awareness of the strike zone, which is pretty important when just starting out. Have your catcher and pitcher on the mound and a batter stand in. The batter is not swinging, but needs to be in a ready stance before every pitch. Have your catcher alternate between inside and outside and have your batter alternate between the left and right- hand batter’s box. Have your pitchers focus on hitting their spots, it is important to do this with a hitter stand in to simulate a game-like scenario. BALANCE POINT DRILL This drill is important as the pitcher goes through the wind up to ensure they have proper balance and momentum. As the pitcher goes through her wind up, tell her to freeze at her balance point and hold for at least two seconds before continuing her pitch. The coach needs to check the position to make sure that the pitcher’s front leg is at the waist or higher and she is balanced. SIT AND THROW DRILL This is a great drill for improving throwing mechanics and eliminating lower body movement. This helps pitchers gain control, which is an important part of being a great pitcher. Have a pitcher and his partner sit with their legs crossed about 20-30 ft away. The receiver of the ball sets up as a target with his glove and the thrower must hit the target without the ball bouncing and with minimal rocking or full body movement. This requires the elbow to be above the shoulder and have a strong rotation of the shoulder to get the ball to their partner, without using their lower half. THE BULLSEYE DRILL This is the best drill to help pitchers hit their spots. Coaches tape off a square bullseye into either a padded wall or the batting cage. Inside each square, create smaller squares. The size of the squares depends on the age and the skill level of the pitcher you are working with. Players then must throw three to five balls back-back in one square, before moving on to the next square. This drill will help pitchers pin point location and have consistency hitting their spots, giving them more control, and more strikeouts. The baseball pitching motion begins with the windup. Start by facing sideways with your front shoulder directed at your target and your feet parallel. Keep your hands together at your chest with your elbows close to your body, nice and relaxed. As your hands start to move down toward your belt, step towards your target on a bent leg, while your arm is cocked back to about a 90-degree angle. During your stride, make sure your glove side foot remains closed. The moment before your foot lands, it opens and points towards the plate. When your foot opens, your hip opens as well, which will in turn, bring your upper body through. A good follow through for a baseball pitcher is vital for control, speed, and proper fielding position upon release. As you release the ball, your wrist snaps after coming over top. Finish with your throwing hand down and behind the opposite hip, showing the back of your shoulder to your catching partner. Becoming a baseball pitcher is not easy but practicing the fundamentals of pitching and focusing on proper pitching mechanics is vital for successful baseball pitchers. How To Increase Velocity In Youth Pitchers Velocity is very important for pitchers. While velocity isn't everything, it is the number one way people measure pitchers. If a pitcher has the ability, movement, and control to get hitters out, gaining velocity is the number one way to become a better pitcher. Speed up the time from stride foot contact to maximum external rotation of the throwing shoulder Involve your glove arm. Glove arm action helps shoulder alignment, trunk flexion and arching, and good trunk rotation- all of which increase arm speed and ball velocity. Keeping the head behind the lead hip longer also produces less stress on the shoulder and increases velocity. Physical fitness is a key part of being a better pitcher. Being in shape and a pitcher’s physical fitness is directly correlated to her ability to put the ball where she needs it to go- resulting in pitching a stronger game and more strike-outs. Adding proper conditioning and strength training can help the pitcher improve posture and maintain balance, which are key to pitching. You should work with a coach or professional to determine the best workout for your body, health, and goals. Here are some ideas from a course by trainer Eric Cressey for workouts that can help improve your physical fitness, increase your velocity, and make you a better pitcher: Push-ups: using chains, band resistance or something called a blast strap DB bench pressing Multi-purpose bar benching (neutral grip benching bar) Row and chin ups Medicine ball throws Increasing your overall fitness is key to becoming a great pitcher. Doing these exercises can help you improve your physical conditioning so you can bring your A game every time you’re on the pitching mound. DON’T FORGET THE MENTAL ASPECT Baseball and softball are some of the most mentally challenging and demanding sports. This is because there is a lot of dead time, which means more time to think. Thinking is often at the root of anxiety, pressure, and tension. The mental aspect is therefore an incredibly important, often overlooked, part of pitching. As such, it’s important to consider the following mental factors to improve your softball or baseball pitching. Wasting pitches is a common problem among young baseball and softball players. It’s easy to get complacent when pitching a good game. Losing focus or concentration because of doing well often causes wasted pitches. Wasting pitches and throwing foul balls too many times ends up with the batter going to first base, making the pitcher look foolish and letting the other team get ahead. Pitchers need to challenge themselves with the very best possible pitches, no matter how far ahead they are. Slacking on pitches is unacceptable and results in the other team getting to first, which is something that should concern every pitcher. It’s easy, especially for young softball and baseball players, to get distracted during a game. There is not only a ton of external stimuli and distractions (like cheering, loud noises, opposing team intimidation, and more), but a ton of stuff going on inside the pitcher’s own mind. A good pitcher has to train and teach herself to block out both internal and external distractions. It’s important to ignore all else and be able to focus on each individual pitch. She needs to think of where she wants the pitch to land, why she wants it there, and the mechanics to get it where it needs to go. That’s a lot of focus, especially for younger players. With practice, concentration, and training, pitchers serious about improving their game will be able to block out all the noise and do what they love- pitch a great game. FEAR OF FAILURE One of the most challenging aspects of pitching is fear of failure. Pitching is one of the most stressful parts of baseball. All eyes are on the pitcher, and this can cause anxiety at any level, especially youth baseball and softball players. It’s important for the pitcher to have the courage to compete- no matter what situation he may be in. The pitcher needs to be able to throw the pitch for strikes and challenge hitters. The pitcher has to be able to maintain his emotions and prose, as well as have a great amount of self discipline in competitive situations. A pitcher develops confidence through proper preparation and hard work. After getting experience, her past successes help her gain confidence. Making sure the pitcher is confident is paramount to success. MAKE SURE THE PITCHER ISN’T WORRIED ABOUT HITTING THE BATTER. Pitchers have to get their head in the game, and that means making sure the batter doesn’t bother him. A pitcher can’t be afraid to hit the batter. The batter, in baseball, is the enemy, and the pitcher has to be confident and not fearful of throwing one inside. Best Youth Baseball Equipment For Pitchers A serious baseball or softball player needs the right youth baseball equipment. Baseball and softball are sports that give players a ton of choices and freedom when it comes to what gear they want to use. Some positions require specialized gear, and every position on the field is a bit different. Store all your gear with a baseball or softball backpack. Transform gear lugging nightmares into a stress free, organized, comfortable, lightweight and easy experience with a softball or baseball backpack. A solid game starts before you hit the field. In fact, we believe it starts when you start packing up for it and thinking about the game, which is why No Errors believes that it’s incredibly important to have the best bags on the market. Effective baseball and softball backpacks are important. They should store everything a player needs, while providing perfect sized spaces for all of your equipment and gear. The FastPitch backpack is an excellent choice for all youth baseball or softball players. It’s large enough to carry two youth baseball bats along with other equipment such as your batting helmet, glove, shoes and a variety of accessories. This awesome bat bag is built for the fastpitch baseball or softball player in mind. ONE OF THE MOST PRIZED POSSESSIONS OF ANY PITCHER IS THEIR GLOVE. One of the most important pieces of equipment is a baseball glove. There are a ton of baseball gloves on the market for you to choose from. They come in a wide array of colors, sizes, materials, uses, and designs. WEBGEM GLOVES ARE THE BEST YOUTH PITCHERS GLOVES ON THE MARKET! We offer a ton of high-quality, durable gloves for baseball and softball players! The Flare is No Errors’ best-selling form for gloves up to 13", making it an excellent choice for youth softball and football pitchers. The open pinky and thumb create the largest possible vacuum to funnel the baseball or softball into the pocket, regardless of where the ball initially hit inside the glove. NO ERRORS is a leading seller of baseball and softball equipment. Founded in 2004, No ERRORS had a simple mission: to build and sell softball, baseball bags and catchers bags that are more versatile, durable, and feature backed than any other bags on the market. That same quality was extended to other gear you need to be a successful baseball or softball player. We pride ourselves on all the bats, gloves, and other equipment that you need.

It’s been 115 years since the first oil well was drilled at Oil City, Louisiana. Originally just a whistle stop on the Kansas City Southern Railroad, five years later, the town boasted a population of 25,000. Oil City is a typical location on the Boom or Bust Byway, which tells the story of the ups and downs of this region in Northwestern Louisiana built on the oil and gas industry. In this first “wild cat town” in the region, workers put in 12-hour shifts, seven days a week. The town’s original hotel was a tent, with wooden sidewalks that lined muddy streets. The community provided meals to the workers, who came without families. Oil City is now the home of the Louisiana State Oil and Gas Museum, which interprets the fascinating drama of Louisiana’s early oil industry history though photographs, films and life-size dioramas. Across the street the old Kansas City Southern Railroad train depot holds an interesting collection of machinery, rigs and equipment that illustrate workings of oil and gas production. Previous Post: www.nsbfoundation.com/boom-or-bust-byway/

Understanding the Baby Boomers’ Process in Assessing the Credibility of Digital News Outlets in the Philippines Keywords:Assessing Credibility, Baby Boomers, Media Preference This study explored the connection between select Filipino baby boomers’ perception of whether a news outlet is credible and the factors contributing to this perception. This study aimed to discover why older audiences prefer one news outlet over another and whether technology literacy affects their credibility assessment among news outlets. Five Filipino participants, aged 58 through 76, were interviewed about which news outlet they trust the most and why they believe it is a credible source of information. The informants could share their inputs regarding the importance of credibility, such as having fearless news, being accustomed to the news outlet, and perceived impartiality. Informants chose the news outlets based on impartiality and fearlessness. The most favored news outlet by the participants is GMA, while Rappler, Inquirer, and Philstar were also mentioned because the three news outlets are not afraid of anything. Age has nothing to do with the participants’ frequency of reading news, but a better rating system for news reading frequency might have presented a better connection between the two groupings.

Advocacy on Reducing Paper Consumption of Grade 12 ABM Students Through 3R Process Keywords:advocacy, reducing, paper consumption, 3R process The importance of this study is to promote the value of reducing the paper consumption of students in school. The researchers chose this study to help Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM)students to reduce their paper consumption and practice recycling used paper, and turn it into something useful. Students and teachers consumed a considerable amount of paper, especially when doing school works. This phenomenon also results in a large volume of paper waste inside the classroom, Hence, the researchers came up with this study to help the school administrator in reducing paper waste in school. The researchers used a descriptive research design that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. The respondents of the study were 50Grade 12 ABM students that were selected through the convenience sampling technique. Based on the results of the study, using the 3R process effectively reduces the paper consumption of Grade 12 ABM students in terms of 3R. (1) Reduce –The students used their paper properly. They made sure that all pages are used before buying new sets of notebooks or pads of paper. (2) Reuse –Students reused papers that are still useful in their class activities or projects, which lessened their expenses and reduced paper wastes inside the room. (3) Recycle –Students learned how to be creative and resourceful. It also helped them lessen their expenses by selling a product by using recycled papers, and the money that they saved was used to pay other expenses in our school. To effectively reduce the paper consumption in school, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) reduce –avoid the replacement of paper for a simple mistake and use paper wisely when doing paper works, (2) reuse –reuse pads or notebooks that are not yet consumed and used it up to its last page, and (3) recycle –recycle paper and turn it into something useful in daily activities to lessen paper wastes.

There is a lot of debate over whether or not dogs can eat trout. Some say that it is okay for them to eat trout, while others say that it is not, and a few things to consider when it comes to this topic. Dogs have different digestive systems than humans, so what may be bad for us may be okay for them. Also, the way that trout is cooked can make a difference. If trout is cooked with onions or other ingredients that are bad for dogs, then it is not recommended. One of the most common questions that pet owners have is whether or not their dog can eat a particular type of food. In the case of trout, the answer is a qualified yes. While trout is a healthy and safe option for dogs to eat, it’s important to remember that moderation is key. Dogs who eat trout on a regular basis will benefit from the fish’s high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which are known to promote heart health, joint health, and cognitive function. However, too much trout can also lead to digestive problems, so it’s important to feed your dog this food in moderation. Can Dogs Eat Trout Raw? Dogs are omnivorous animals and can eat a variety of things, including raw trout. Trout is a healthy, lean protein that provides many essential nutrients for dogs. It is very rich in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, and selenium. However, there are a few things to keep in mind before feeding your dog trout. First, make sure that the trout is fresh and has not been exposed to any harmful contaminants. Second, do not give your dog too much trout at once. A small portion of fresh trout every once in a while, is a healthy snack for your dog. Raw fish has a threat of carrying dangerous bacteria like salmonella and listeria. This is problematic for two reasons. One, it can make your canine sick, and two, according to the FDA, it can also make you and other members of your family ill. This is especially worrisome for small children, who may come into further contact with your canine’s slaver than grown-ups, and for people with compromised vulnerable systems. However, make sure you take the applicable preventives suggested by the FDA for preparing your canine’s refection, like completely disinfecting all shells and coliseums after use, If you choose to feed a raw diet with fish. Conforming to the American Kennel Club, it’s not secure to feed dogs raw trout (or raw fish of any kind). Some reasons for this are; - Bacteria: raw fish may bear dangerous bacteria that can force your dog to sick with Salmonella or other ails. - Bones: fish bones are little and brittle, which can spell tragedy if one gets lodged in your dog’s throat. Fishbones can bring about - Punctured digestive tract - Perforated mouth and gingival - Indeed, if you’ve fed your dog trout in history, it’s not worth the threat to continue doing so. - Too Numerous tykes have broken down (generally 7 to 10 days latterly) after salmon or trout consumption. And the thing is death generally doesn’t happen before terrible bouts of diarrhea, puking, and elevated fever. Your dog would suffer a lot. So, it’s worth repeating … Do not feed raw trout to your dog! Can Dogs Eat Cooked Trout? The answer to this question is yes. Dogs can eat cooked trout. Trout is a healthy fish that is low in mercury and high in omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for dogs. However, it is important to avoid feeding your dog raw trout, as it can contain parasites that can make your dog sick. Dogs can eat cooked trout, but it’s not recommended that they eat too much trout because it can contain high levels of mercury. Although raw fish can force your dog sick, braised fish is part of a healthy canine diet and is included in numerous marketable canine foods. When opting and preparing trout for your canine - Choose fish with low mercury situations - Skin and take away all bones from the fish - Cook utilizing little or no canvas since too important canvas can bring about pancreatitis - Don’t use any spicy ingredient - Talk to your veterinarian about how plenty of fish to feed your dog as a portion of a balanced diet. What Are the Advantages of Feeding Trout to Dogs? One of the most common questions that dog owners have is what is the best diet for their pet. In recent years, there has been a lot of debate about whether or not feeding dogs trout is a good idea. On one hand, trout is a healthy and nutrient-rich food that can provide many benefits for dogs. On the other hand, there are some potential risks associated with feeding dogs trout that should be considered before making a decision. There are a lot of misconceptions about feeding trout to dogs. Some people believe that it is an unhealthy and dangerous practice, while others think that it is a great way to provide their pet with a healthy and nutritious diet. The truth is that feeding trout to dogs has a number of benefits that can improve their health and well-being. Feeding trout to dogs is a practice that has been around since the 1800s. Trout fishing originally started as a way to feed the dogs, but now it is used as a way to train them. Trout fishing doesn’t just provide a food source for dogs, it also provides an opportunity for dog owners to bond with their pets and teach them important skills like how to find food and how to hunt. These are some benefits of feeding trout to your dog: - A healthy snack for your pet - Training your dog - Provides an opportunity for hunting - Trout is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, niacin, and vitamin B12 which support dogs’ heart, brain, nerve, and cardiovascular health and are beneficial for maintaining healthy skin and coat, as well as reducing inflammation. - Trout is high in protein, supporting a dog’s cell and muscle health. - It’s also high in potassium, thiamin, and selenium, essential minerals that help regulate various organ functions. - Trout is a low-fat, low-calorie food that is perfect for dogs who need to lose weight or are at risk of developing obesity. What Are the Dangers of Feeding Dogs Trout? - Trout is fairly low in mercury content. - Raw or undercooked trout is a possible host for spongers and dangerous bacteria. These spongers can beget salmon infection poisoning in tykes. - Trout fish bones may beget choking and internal damage to tykes. Can Dogs Eat Trout Skin? This is a question many dog caregivers ask over the years. The answer to this question is yes, dogs can eat trout skin. Trout skin is a good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for dogs. However, it is important to note that trout skin should only be fed to dogs in moderation. Excessive consumption of trout skin can lead to weight gain and other health problems. Perhaps. Fish is an excellent source of protein and contains Omega 3 adipose acids, which have anti-inflammatory parcels and also support a healthier fleece. Fish skin is an incredible potential source of Omega 3 acids. Still, it’s advanced in fat content and can potentially contain dangerous spongers if it isn’t thoroughly cooked. It should be fine to partake in fish skin with your canine if you make sure. - The fish skin is fully cooked. - Scales of the fish aren’t surprisingly large or sharp. - The fish didn’t come from weakened waters. - You only partake in fish with your canine periodically (to avoid mercury exposure). - You only partake a small quantum of fish skin with your canine (not the skin from a whole fish). Can Dogs Eat Fish Bones from Trout? Fishbones are small, brittle, and dangerous. They can lodge themselves in your canine’s mouth, throat, stomach, and bowel, occasionally indeed boring the organ wall. This is painful, but it can also lead to a precious visit to the veterinarian. While there is a plenitude of anecdotal stories about tykes eating fish bones without issues, in this case, it’s better to heed the advice of veterinarians and play it safe. Can dogs get sick from eating trout? No, your dog cannot get sick from eating trout, unless the trout you are feeding your dog is not properly cooked and this may result in severe retardation in your dog’s health due to a disease called salmon poisoning caused by a bacteria called salmonella. As with any food, there is always a risk of dogs getting sick after eating trout. Trout can contain parasites and other harmful toxins that can make your dog very ill. Some of the most common symptoms of trout poisoning in dogs include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. If you think your dog has eaten trout and may be sick, contact your veterinarian immediately. Can Dogs Eat Canned Trout? Canned fish is fine for your canine to eat as long as you give them mimetic fish that isn’t packed in canvas or filled with lots of added swabs. You can add about a quarter of a can to your canine’s diurnal food to give them a boost of protein and nutrients. There’s some solicitude about canned tuna. Indeed, though canned tuna is non-toxic for tykes, the AKC said, “you ought to not feed your canine companion the seafood because it could lead on to a variety of various health issues”, this is often caused by the high mercury content of tuna. Dogs can eat canned trout as a snack or a part of their regular diet. However, it is important to note that not all canned trout are created equal. Some brands of canned trout add preservatives or other unhealthy ingredients, so it is important to read the label carefully before giving your dog any. If you are looking for a healthy and delicious way to give your dog some protein, canned trout can be a great option. Just make sure to choose a brand that doesn’t include oil or some other harmful preservatives in their ingredients. How much fish is too much for dogs? The number of fish a canine can eat per day depends on the canine’s age, size, and health condition. Still, fish should be fed in temperance per day as too important of it can beget health problems for your canine. In general, fish shouldn’t make up further than 10 of a canine’s diurnal calorie intake. However, you should limit fish to twice a week, If it’s part of the canine’s everyday diet. For case, a large canine breed similar as a Labrador can consume three times further fish than a small strain canine per week. Dogs are carnivores and they need meat in their diets. Fish is a great source of protein for dogs, but it’s important to limit how much fish they eat. Too much fish can cause dogs to develop health problems like liver disease, pancreatitis, and obesity. It’s best to feed your dog a variety of different meats, including chicken, beef, and lamb. Fish can be a healthy addition to their diet, but it’s important to keep the amount limited to no more than 10-15% of their total diet. Dogs can eat trout, but they should not eat too many. Trout is a good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are beneficial for dogs. However, too much trout can cause diarrhea and other digestive problems. It is best to feed dogs trout in moderation. The benefits of eating trout include its high protein content, low-fat content, and omega 3 fatty acids. Trout also contains vitamins B12, D3, E, K1 and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and selenium. It is a good source of omega-3s which are important for heart health. Trout has a low-calorie count which makes it an excellent diet food as well as being good for weight loss. The only disadvantage of eating trout is that it has excess levels of mercury which could be harmful to humans in large quantities.

Ductile Definition Chemistry, or DFT, is just actually really a type of complex math that uses just a number of those four distinct branches of number concept These branches are all trigonometric functions exponents, factorization and quotienting, and also the services and products of the above. buy essay online cheap Ductile Definition Chemistry follows precisely exactly the exact same building cubes along with complex math but makes such components come well because of its intention rather than using different languages. The math results in formulations that look somewhat like two 3 = 4. Ted Flanke established Ductile Definition Chemistry if he comprehended that math might possibly be utilised to find houses of electrons. He comprehended that in the event that you might measure a land of the organism, it had been possible to determine what the number of atoms within a molecule was. You could find that the average number of atoms within a molecule by applying the attributes of an organism in equation shape and also a simple constant like pi. https://ceprofs.civil.tamu.edu/ssocolofsky/downloads/paper_how-to.pdf He discovered that pi=3.14 and then that you could use this procedure to come across any additional value you’ve got. The specimens were assembled in paper and pieces. Ductile Definition Chemistry entails significantly a lot more than only the invention of a few equations; it carries these simple formulas and then sets them together. Physicists and chemists us these formulations in quite a few purposes. A device was invented by paul Perry for quantifying such types of properties. In the early nineteen hundreds, he invented the first device capable of reading the information all in the graph paper drawing on. This device is still in use today. It is used to assist those who suffer from diabetes, or cancer, or asthma, or pressure, or may assist doctors predict how an individual will react to stress, or may be used to determine the effect of drugs on someone’s health troubles. It is also used in every component of medication. Ductile Definition Chemistry can be used in various ways by the health care community, even in a number of fields. A number of the software comprise, tissue culture, and Bio Chemistry. Lots of businesses are working to develop similar instruments. Since therefore many professionals are involved in Biochemistry, and the school of Business Administration, the company administration of the USA, has been working together with market leaders in an effort to market Ductile Definition Chemistry. They do so via a partnership with Microsoft, and also a combined Ductile Definition Chemistry job. “We consider the key apps we are giving will draw in college students to firm,” said Dan Sughrue, professor of business administration. A more Ductile Definition Chemistry course is which is obtained through a four-week distance. It’s unavailable as a result of the campus. The class outline can be found on the faculty of Business Administration website. For those attempting to further their knowledge of this subject, there is another way. The School of Business Administration Delivers an Higher Level Elective for chemistry classes. It might be obtained at any moment during your three decades of analysis. As I mentioned, lots of students usually do not choose to go for a degree within this discipline as a result of these heritage in Technology, however, lots of IT pupil take the class in order to find they succeed. A lot of people are doubtful regarding its capacities, Since Ductile Definition Chemistry is fresh. They ought to understand that a firm administration course on numbers would take a class. Many students might decide to have some Ductile Definition Chemistry class and then add a small business management course to their own portfolio to aid together with their home-based enterprise. This mixture will produce a resume. It wouldn’t take much time for you to complete the project and could maybe not be hard . So, Ductile Definition Chemistry, just like nearly every thing , just like Ted Flanke, continues to be under evolution. It will appear, only like lots of other creations that are brand new.

If you follow any of our work here, you know just how much of a fan we are of cardiovascular exercise. We believe the development of any athlete or human potential requires a balance of strength, flexibility, cardiovascular capacity, and speed. One of the most common terms in the cardio world right now is ‘Zone 2’. If you’re looking to improve your cardiovascular fitness, then you may have heard of it. This type of training involves working out at an intensity that is moderate but sustainable for an extended period of time. In this blog post, we’ll explore how to do Zone 2 training, how it works, and why it benefits most people, including strength-trained and field-based athletes. What is Zone 2 Training? Zone 2 training is a type of cardiovascular training that involves working out at an intensity that is approximately 60-70% of your maximum heart rate (MHR). This intensity is moderate and can be sustained for an extended period of time, usually 30-60 minutes. It’s important to note that Zone 2 training is not a high-intensity workout, the purpose of Zone 2, is slow and steady. It is designed to improve your aerobic fitness and endurance. There is a deliberate reason as to why it is slow and steady and crucial to stay close to this range when doing this type of training ( we will go into more detail below). The image below highlights the different heart rate zones : How to Do Zone 2 Cardiovascular Training To do Zone 2 cardio, you’ll need to calculate your maximum heart rate. There are a few ways to do this, but one common method is to subtract your age from 220. For example, if you’re 30 years old, your maximum heart rate would be approximately 190 beats per minute (220 – 30 = 190). Your Zone 2 training intensity would then be between 114 and 133 beats per minute (60-70% of 190). Once you know your Zone 2 training intensity, you can choose an activity that you enjoy, such as running, cycling, or swimming. Start at a comfortable pace and work up to your Zone 2 intensity. You should be able to carry on a conversation while exercising, but you may start to feel fatigued after 30-60 minutes. The way you go about doing Zone 2 is not as important as doing it and doing it SLOW. Just ensure it is something you enjoy or won’t get sick of, as it is not that exciting. How Does Zone 2 Cardiovascular Training Work? When you do zone 2 cardiovascular training, you’re training your body to use oxygen more efficiently. This type of training increases the size and number of mitochondria in your muscles, which are responsible for producing energy. This is the main way in which it improves your fitness. It will improve your body’s ability to use oxygen, meaning, your muscles are more efficient and require less effort from the heart in order to do the same amount of work. Additionally, it also increases the density of your blood vessels, allowing more nutrients to be used through out the body. These physiological changes can lead to improved endurance and performance. If you want a bit of a nerdier explanation read the two points below: - Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of our cells, responsible for producing energy. Zone 2 cardio has been shown to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the number and efficiency of mitochondria in muscle cells. This adaptation can lead to enhanced energy production during high-intensity strength workouts, delaying fatigue, and improving overall performance. A study published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology in 2019 demonstrated that aerobic exercise increased the expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. - Improved Capillary Density: Zone 2 cardio promotes the growth of capillaries within muscle tissues. These tiny blood vessels enhance nutrient and oxygen delivery to muscles, supporting their growth and recovery. A study published in the European Journal of Applied Physiology in 2014 found that aerobic training increased the capillary-to-fiber ratio in skeletal muscles, which positively impacted muscle metabolism and exercise performance. Why is Zone 2 Beneficial for Strength and Field Athletes? For strength-trained athletes: - Enhanced Recovery and Reduced Fatigue: Research has shown that moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can help clear metabolic byproducts, such as lactate, more efficiently than passive recovery. By promoting better blood flow and oxygen delivery to the muscles, Zone 2 cardio can aid in removing waste products accumulated during intense strength training sessions. This, in turn, leads to reduced muscle soreness and fatigue, allowing strength athletes to recover faster and perform better in subsequent training sessions or competitions. (Reference: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016) - Increased Mitochondrial Density and Energy Production: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise has been linked to increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which means an increase in the number and efficiency of mitochondria in muscle cells. Since mitochondria are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells, improved mitochondrial density through zone 2 cardio translates to enhanced energy production during high-intensity strength exercises. This can lead to better performance in the gym and greater overall strength and power output. (Reference: Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2018) - Enhanced Muscle Capillarization: Zone 2 cardio promotes the growth of capillaries in muscle tissues, which enhances blood flow and nutrient delivery to working muscles. This improved capillarization allows for better oxygen and nutrient supply during strength training, reducing the likelihood of premature fatigue. With enhanced blood flow to the muscles, strength athletes can maintain higher workloads for longer periods, leading to more effective strength and power development. (Reference: American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 2012) - Improved Aerobic Base and Endurance: Even though strength athletes primarily focus on anaerobic activities, developing a solid aerobic base through zone 2 cardio can have a positive impact on their performance. Having a well-developed aerobic system allows strength athletes to recover more quickly between sets and exercises, ensuring they can sustain a high level of effort throughout their training sessions or competitions. It also enables them to perform better in events that require sustained efforts, such as strongman competitions or extended lifting sessions. (Reference: Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013) - Body Composition and Weight Management: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is an effective tool for managing body composition and weight. Strength athletes aiming to optimize their power-to-weight ratio can benefit from including zone 2 cardio in their training regimen. By promoting fat utilization and caloric expenditure, this form of exercise can help athletes maintain a leaner physique without compromising their muscle mass or strength. (Reference: Obesity Reviews, 2015) For field-based athletes, such as soccer players or basketball players, zone 2 training can improve their endurance and help them maintain a high level of performance throughout a game. Here is how: - Improved Aerobic Capacity and Endurance: Field athletes participate in sports that involve continuous movement over extended periods, such as soccer, basketball, rugby, and field hockey. Developing a strong aerobic base through zone 2 cardio can enhance their aerobic capacity and endurance. Research has shown that improved aerobic fitness allows athletes to maintain higher work rates for a more extended period before fatigue sets in, which is crucial for success in field sports. (Reference: Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 2015) - Faster Recovery between Sprints and Bursts of Activity: In field sports, athletes often perform repeated sprints, jumps, and high-intensity movements. Engaging in zone 2 cardio can enhance blood flow and oxygen delivery to muscles, leading to faster clearance of metabolic byproducts like lactate during recovery periods between intense bursts of activity. This enables field athletes to recover more quickly, reduce muscle fatigue, and perform at a higher level during subsequent sprints or plays. (Reference: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2011) - Increased Muscle Capillarization and Oxygen Delivery: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise promotes the growth of capillaries in muscles, enhancing blood flow and oxygen delivery. This adaptation is particularly valuable for field athletes as it allows for improved oxygen supply to working muscles during continuous and intermittent high-intensity efforts. Enhanced muscle capillarization can delay the onset of fatigue, ensuring that field athletes can sustain their performance throughout the entire game. (Reference: European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011) - Enhanced Mental Resilience and Decision-Making: Field sports require quick decision-making and mental resilience during intense, fast-paced gameplay. Regular zone 2 cardio can improve cognitive function and reduce mental fatigue, leading to better decision-making on the field. Believe it or not, it is easier to make quick, sharp decisions when you are not fatigued!. (Reference: Sports Medicine, 2019) So there you have it. Zone 2 in a nutshell. If you’re a strength training athlete or a field-based athlete, and you still don’t think zone 2 will benefit you, you must be crazy! Here at Performance United, we recommend all of our athletes do some form of cardio, regardless of their sport. If you aren’t sure how to implement Zone 2 into your training program or have questions, feel free to reach out.

The Internet, a powerful tool connecting the global community, has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. However, with its vast reach and accessibility, concerns about the misuse of the Internet have emerged. The dual nature of the Internet, as a facilitator of progress and a breeding ground for malfeasance, requires a nuanced examination of its use and misuse. The Use of the Internet: A Gateway to Knowledge and Connectivity The use of the Internet has fundamentally transformed the way we access information, communicate, and conduct business. It serves as a vast repository of knowledge, granting instant access to a wealth of information on virtually any topic. The Internet facilitates seamless communication, connecting people across the globe in real-time. Misuse of the Internet: Unraveling the Dark Side However, alongside its myriad benefits, the misuse of the Internet has raised significant concerns. Cybercrime, online harassment, and the spread of misinformation are among the darker aspects that have emerged with the widespread adoption of the Internet. As a platform for communication and interaction, the Internet is susceptible to exploitation by individuals and groups with malicious intent. Cybercrime: A Growing Threat One of the foremost concerns regarding the misuse of the Internet is the rise of cybercrime. From financial fraud to identity theft, the Internet provides a breeding ground for criminal activities that can have severe real-world consequences. Phishing attacks, ransomware, and hacking incidents highlight the vulnerabilities inherent in the digital landscape, demanding constant vigilance and cybersecurity measures. Online Harassment: A Social Challenge The misuse of the Internet extends to the realm of social interactions, where online harassment has become a pervasive issue. Cyberbullying, trolling, and the spread of hate speech can have profound impacts on individuals’ mental health and well-being. The anonymity afforded by the Internet sometimes encourages individuals to engage in behavior that they might not exhibit in face-to-face interactions. Spread of Misinformation: The Challenge of Fake News The rapid dissemination of information on the Internet has also led to the widespread dissemination of misinformation. False narratives, fake news, and misleading content can have significant societal implications, influencing public opinion and even impacting political landscapes. Addressing the Challenge: Striking a Balance Addressing the misuse of the Internet requires a multi-faceted approach that balances the need for openness and accessibility with measures to mitigate risks. Education on digital literacy, responsible online behavior, and cybersecurity awareness play a pivotal role. Governments, technology companies, and users themselves must collaborate to establish robust frameworks and guidelines to curb misuse. Empowering Users: Digital Literacy as a Shield Empowering users with digital literacy is a crucial step in preventing the misuse of the Internet. Understanding how to critically evaluate online information, recognizing phishing attempts, and safeguarding personal information are essential skills. Educational initiatives that promote responsible internet use from an early age can contribute to building a more informed and resilient online community. Conclusion: Navigating the Digital Landscape In conclusion, the use and misuse of the Internet represent the dual nature of a powerful and transformative tool. While the Internet facilitates connectivity, knowledge sharing, and innovation, its misuse poses significant challenges to individuals, societies, and the global community. Striking a balance between harnessing the positive aspects of the Internet and addressing its darker dimensions requires collaborative efforts from all stakeholders.

The importance of water for human life is well known. PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE Today in the hustle and bustle of everyday life water has also become a "consumer" good. However, its special properties and its different effects in completely different areas often escape us. IAMATIC IDIOTHS OF THE WATER Thousands of years ago, however, our ancestors, apart from being aware of issues related to water, which modern science is slowly discovering, respected natural laws. That is, the implementation in practice of the ultimate effect of water on our biological body, our soul and our productive spirit. The choice of spring waters, the knowledge of their diversity and the categorization of their uses are recorded in the achievements of the Greeks. The topic of the therapeutic use of water in antiquity is completely original and relatively unknown in the literature. Nuggets of references to "reservoirs" can be found in topographic plans, usually of archaeological sites. In ancient texts, the term "swimming pool" is found. A closer study reveals that in all "gymnasiums" (ancient gymnasiums) there were baths. A more careful study of the baths reveals, in turn, that they always had a swimming pool, sometimes smaller, sometimes larger, round, square or oblong. This was also the reason they chose as a suitable place for the "high school" areas with running water. Characteristically we mention the Lyceum of Aristotle, which also had a "gymnasium" and was built between the two rivers of Attica, Hridanos and Ilissos, where they connected the two beds with an artificial project and thus always had running water. As for the one in the water swimming, in the ancient Greek texts we find many relevant references from the Homeric "Odyssey" up to the Hellenistic times. In the Odyssey (E 373) there is the reference to Odysseus falling into the water to swim: "and this prone bird fell, here petassas nehemenai memaos". That is, "he didn't fall into the sea in a prone position, he stretched out his arms desiring to swim". However, as the first recorded, according to the archaeological research, swimming tank-swimming pool, we have the tank of the mansion-palace in Zakros in eastern Crete. The tank in question is circular, with a diameter of seven meters and presents the following amazing technical system: The bottom has been constructed with a layering of inert materials in such a way that filtered water enters from the bottom, flows to the surface, where it overflows the surplus, because the continuous flow is ensured by an altitude-superior source of running water. PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE This technique is currently applied in state-of-the-art swimming pools, because usually the water enters at a depth of about one meter from the surface, with the result that water recycling does not take place perfectly in the space deeper than one meter. In order to understand this pioneering technique of the Minoans, we can compare any other modern swimming pool with the swimming pools of the Olympic Center of Athens (OAKA), which are the only ones that today, in 2000 AD, have the same technique as the Minoan. That is, the recirculation flow from the bottom to the surface. Let us also note that in the ancient Cretan swimming pool the large slab of porous stone, through which the water gushed forth, functioned as a cleaning filter, and if we even consider that this mansion dates back to around 1450 BC. The relevant announcement was made by Mrs. Palyvou, archaeologist-architect, in her speech at the Military Museum regarding the baths of the ancient Greeks. However, of unique importance for the history of Minoan architecture is the inclusion of this tank within the architectural framework of the palace. The operation of the pool continues to this day, because it still remains full from the gushing water at a certain high level today. The walls are carefully covered with hydraulic mortar, most of which is preserved, and there are other archaeological proofs that the area was covered. In other words, it is a small closed swimming pool 3,500 years old, with slightly brackish water, but still drinkable today. A short distance away, the spring chamber was fed by the same vein. Several sections of stone aqueduct were collected in the reservoir embankment. This pipe drained the excess water, so that the level inside the tank remained constant. PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE In Crete, another installation similar to this tank dating back to the neo-palatial times was found. This is described in Evans' monumental work (2nd volume) about the palace of Knossos, but it was never systematically excavated and today's research is not possible, because a modern house has been built over it. This location is located in the town of Archanai, just ten kilometers from Knossos, at the foot of the sacred mountain Iyttos, today's Iukta. That pool, according to Evans, had a similar construction, with a paved bottom, five descending steps, and water gushing from the bottom. In fact, according to Mr. Sakellarakis, there was a system of pipelines for the excess water that was saved in a satisfactory condition. A third circular tank, with a stepped descent, much larger than the two previous ones, was found in Tylissos. It belonged to the post-palatial period and was built after the destruction of the underlying Minoan mansion. Returning to the ancient texts, we note that Hippocrates, the wise scientific physician from Kos, mentions in his writings the beneficial effect of water on the body and its medicinal properties as a special spa, depending on the properties of each source but also on the mental healing effect of any water. It also proves that the suspension of the body, through lifting, positively affects the human psyche and if due attention had been paid to these legacies bequeathed to us by our ancestors, the causes of today's mental, spiritual and clearly of our physical fatigue. It is enough to reflect that in all Asklepiia there were special small healing (mainly mental health) reservoirs, which were part of each therapeutic treatment. In two of the largest Asklepiia of the ancient world, which we have studied on site, of Kos and Pergamum, there are these tanks still full of water. That is, even today their irrigation systems are working after two and a half thousand years. It should also be noted that the psychically healing effect of suspending the body, and thus the soul, within the liquid element is only now beginning to be investigated by modern science. Unfortunately, the archaeologists, not knowing in particular about the human body and soul, incorrectly recorded, not intentionally of course, that these small tanks of Asklepiia were only for cleansing the body. A more thorough study of ancient Greek thought in these areas presents us with a completely different concept, of this prevention in favor of health through water. PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE The issue of curing rheumatic and other diseases, as a result of spa treatments in thermal springs, is completely different. Hippocrates, as well as older medical scientists, knew the healing properties of the mineral waters of special thermal springs. Characteristically, we mention that for specific diseases, patients were sent from Asklepiion of Kos to the thermal baths of the nearby volcanic island of Nisyros. Hippocrates mentions specific healing springs for specific cases of healing patients. More light is shed if we study Hippocrates' preventive medicine, his references to what we must do to stay healthy. This is precisely where the deepest reason for the existence and operation of swimming pools in the premises of the ancient gymnasiums lies. According to Philostratos, of the family of historians from Lemnos, during the Roman occupation, we have the information of swimming training in a swimming pool. The described incident refers to a slightly earlier era, the first century in particular. A complete private sports center is described in Hellenic India, during the journey of Apollonius Tyaneos to the Greek priesthood of the highlands of the central-northern Indian peninsula (Bios of Apollonius Tyaneos). The sports center had in the center the tank, continuous flow and recirculation and on either side corridors of throws, jumps and roads. He specifically mentions that after training in running and other events, training in the water followed: "And if he was this one and both of them, it will be washed away." And the heavenly paradise the length of the stadium, the middle swimming pool, a well-grown spring with drinking and cold water, and the separate roads were, in the lances and discs, the Greek way, the self rises, and because the body falls under the age - seven for it has been twenty years since he was under him until he was trained. And there he had enough water and trained himself in the water". PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE "And at the same time he led Apollonius and his companions to where he used to bathe. The baths were a garden one stadia long, in the center of which a pool had been opened, where sources of drinking and cold water were channeled, while on both sides there were corridors, in which, according to Greek custom, they exercised with javelin and discus and his body was robust both because of age – for he was twenty-seven years old – but also thanks to this exercise. And when he exercised enough, he would dive into the water and continue to exercise by swimming" (Bios of Apolloniou Tyaneos, volume 1 - chapter XXXVII, Georgiadis editions). This tactic of the combined training of the athletes of the various "sacred sports" with training in the water, gave, according to the written testimonies, an advantage in their athletic performance. According to the only book on physical education that has been preserved (Gymnasticos Filostratos), the Olympic boxing champion Tisandros trained at sea, to improve the ability of his hands, as it is characteristically stated. Therefore, we should not be surprised by the fact that, where there were "gymnasiums" and "baths", there was also a "swimming pool", i.e. a large swimming pool. We have archeologically recorded swimming pools in Olympia, Delphi, Dion, Corinth, etc. The open Olympic swimming pool, dimensions 24 x 16 m., of the 5th BC. century, west of the palaestra and the workshop of Pheidias, supplied with water from the adjacent river Kladeos, but destroyed in the 1st BC. century, to build the Baths. Answering the reasonable question where it can arise, that is why there was no swimming as a competition of the Olympic games, we should take into account that there were swimming competitions in honor of deities, but also in other places and not in Olympia. And this is because the sacred tradition of the Greeks did not associate any divine event with a swimming competitive event, which was the case with all the other sports of the Olympic games (OGYGIA, Ath. Stageiritou), therefore they were not allowed to be held in Olympia as non-sacred Olympic sports under the protection of Zeus. According to inscriptions, swimming competitions were held during antiquity in Panathenaia (Phaleros Bay - Munich), in Sounio in honor of Poseidon, in Kranidi in honor of Dionysos Melanigidos of Hermionidos (Pausanias B35, 1), as well as in other Greek cities. Returning now to the swimming pools, commonly known as swimming pools, we should point out that in all cases they had a continuous recirculation of cold natural water, with a special network, which in some cases is partially preserved to this day. A similar case is the swimming pool on the island of Kō, where after an on-site investigation we discovered the source that supplied the swimming pool with water and part of the underground ducts, which crossed almost the entire paved corridor of the archaeological site. This reservoir was reconstructed at the end of the Hellenic period, because geological disasters had occurred on the island as a whole. Its original construction, we have not yet been able to find out exactly when it was installed. Its length is 28 meters without the width of the semicircular spaces it has at both ends, suitable for learning beginners or for relaxation. Its width is 16 meters without the third semicircular space that exists on one of the two long sides. This reservoir - swimming pool is located in a sports area with a gymnasium and a gymnasium. Right next to it there are excellent mosaics with mythological, but also symbolic - initiatory representations for those in the know. It is appropriate to mention that the distance of Asklepiion of the island of Kos is 1020 stadia from the sanctuary of Apollo of Delos. However, this number is obtained if we add the numerical value of the three letters-numbers (Greek numbering system) of the name of the island. That is, K=20, Ω=800, Σ=200, 20+800+200=1020, as many as the stages according to the measurements of the late Theophanis Manias with the help of the geographical service of the Greek army (The masterpieces of the Ancient Greeks). PPOISTOPIKH AND CLASSIC GREECE It would be remiss of us not to mention another swimming tank-pool that survives in Greater Greece (today's Lower Italy), specifically in Poseidonia, of which we have clear information regarding the sacred ceremonies that took place. With dimensions of 47×21m. we can talk about a large swimming pool, which is located inside the precinct of Ieros and dates back to the 3rd century BC. In this "reservoir" until 1964, the water recirculation functioned normally, when for some reason it suddenly became empty. The large water extraction passages are visible. The floor had a thin layer of beaten clay, and on its eastern side there is a small ledge, on which they moved the statue of Aphrodite, because the Sanctuary was in her honor. Then they "baptized" the statue of Aphrodite in the tank and the representation of the emerging Venus was made from the scale of the wall to the north. This celebration was called "Aphrodite", during which the statue was brought out in a procession and led to the west side, on a wooden platform. This was followed by the laying of flowers and other ornaments with ceremonies for the vegetation. then they would dive into the pool and swim for purification and to participate in the sacraments, and the women who participated were married because it was considered a eugenics ceremony. At the same time, the sanctuary was also dedicated to "men's luck" from the women's side. All this information is preserved by the historian Ovid. Here we find a different perspective from the other cases of swimming "tanks", but we find that the knowledge of swimming was considered a given by men and women, at the time of the application of the Greek worldview in practice. Finally, again from Poseidonia, we have the amazing painting of a man attempting to dive into a swimming pool from a high diving board, in a style that would be the envy of even modern divers. This particular depiction comes from the "tomb of the diver" and dates back to 480 BC. In other words, at the time of the naval battle of Salamis, in order to better understand the magnitude of this shocking find, the Greeks in Lower Italy, but also apparently in many other parts of the Greek World, took moments of rest in their private, but also in public swimming pools of Greek cities. With this only small recording of some recorded swimming "tanks", which was made after careful research and many times from on-site visits to the aforementioned places, the trigger is given for further research and data collection for at least dozens of cases. It is a topic unknown to the general public and quite obscure even to scholars of ancient Greek sports. May our research be successful in this direction.

This week was National Tree so we looked closely at the trees in our playground. We drew the trees and the leaves. Then we did some bark rubbings. We identified that one was a Willow tree and one was a silver maple tree. In Maths we have been counting backwards and subtracting. We have been using number cards, 100 squares and number lines to help us. Please practise counting backwards at home. In English we have been using our senses to write some poems. We have been describing objects using great adjectives! On Wednesday the children were very respectful at the Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. They sat quietly and sang beautifully, showing respect. After the children wrote some beautiful prayers to Jesus. In Religion we have been learning about the story the Visitation. The children acted out the story and made Mary and Elizabeth using different materials. In History the children have been learning about old toys and comparing them with toys today. If you have any toys belonging to the children’s parents or grandparents, please send them in for our class display. The children are doing well learning their songs and dances for our Christmas Play. Please send in their costumes by Wednesday 5th December. Home Learning – Practise singing the Christmas songs. Have a lovely weekend

The lottery is a hugely popular pastime for many Americans, contributing billions of dollars to state coffers each year. People play for the big prize payouts and the chance to be a millionaire. But the odds of winning are pretty low. Lottery is an ancient form of gambling that was used to distribute property or slaves in ancient times. It can be traced back to biblical times and the Old Testament where Moses instructed his people to divide land by lot. The practice was later adopted by the Romans who would use it as an entertainment at their Saturnalian feasts. People are naturally drawn to gamble and the lottery is one of the easiest ways to do it. State governments offer the lottery because they need revenue and believe that this is the best way to get it. But this belief obscures the regressivity of the tax and the fact that it is essentially an implicit tax on poorer households. To keep ticket sales strong, the lottery must pay out a respectable percentage of proceeds in prize money. But this reduces the proportion that can be earmarked for state revenue and spent on things like education, which is the ostensible reason for having a lottery in the first place. It is possible to improve your chances of winning the lottery by choosing numbers that are not close together and avoiding ones that have sentimental value, such as birthdays or ages. This strategy can be even more effective if you join a group that buys tickets together. According to Stefan Mandel, a mathematician who won the lottery 14 times, this is the best way to increase your odds of winning. However, you need to remember that there is no formula for picking the perfect number combinations. You need to be open-minded and switch your numbers from time to time. Some players choose to stick with the same numbers but this can actually lower your chances of winning. Try to mix it up and avoid numbers that end with the same digits because this is where most people pick their numbers. In addition to changing your numbers, you can also try different strategies by purchasing more tickets. By playing a large number of tickets, you will have a higher chance of hitting the jackpot and will be able to keep more of the prize. The odds of winning the lottery are quite low but you can always improve your chances by practicing. Just make sure you don’t overspend and only spend what you can afford to lose. The odds of winning the jackpot are 1 in 55,492. By varying your strategy and improving your skills, you can increase your chances of winning. However, the most important thing is to play responsibly and never let your emotions influence your decisions. Good luck!

My shopping cart Your cart is currently empty.Continue Shopping Packaging material is a major contributor to the world’s landfill problem and it’s everywhere. Plastic bags and wrappings, plastic containers, bubble wrap, and Styrofoam packaging. We see them daily and will continue to see them for years to come thanks to some of these materials taking more than 400 years to biodegrade whilst contaminating our landscapes and oceans in the process. As we continue to see the effects of climate change, customers and consumers increasingly demand more sustainable packaging options. By making the switch to greener alternatives, you will not only be taking steps towards creating a better environment but also ensuring that your brand aligns with customer expectations. Sustainability centers around the desire to maintain an ecological balance that avoids depleting the world’s natural resources. Green packaging supports this with the use of reusable, biodegradable, or compostable materials to serve, wrap, and pack products. Green packaging should be manufactured using techniques that minimise both pollution and waste materials. The obvious benefit of green packaging is to reduce the negative environmental impact on the earth! Landfill space is limited and currently, 91% of global packaging waste is sent to landfill or abandoned in the environment. Much of this waste is made from plastics. Plastic materials aren’t biodegradable, meaning every single piece of plastic that has ever been made is still on this planet. Approximately 10 million tonnes of plastic are dumped into our oceans every year, threatening wildlife, altering ecosystems, and posing a risk to human health. Much of the plastic waste sent to landfills is incinerated to make way for more waste. Burning plastic releases toxic chemicals into the air causing further pollution and health risks. Environmentally friendly packaging aims to minimise energy and resources during manufacture whilst preventing harmful waste from being disposed of. Focusing on reducing single-use plastics and increasing the usage of biodegradable materials would significantly reduce packaging’s negative environmental impact. At one stage, making the initial switch to eco-friendly packaging was expensive. However, with more and more green packaging solutions now available, the marketplace is increasingly competitive. It’s worth remembering that customers favour green packaging options, so much so that they’re willing to pay more for using them. Research by Trivium Packaging found that 74% of consumers are willing to pay more for sustainable packaging. And of the 74% who said they would pay more, approximately 25% said they’d be willing to pay an increased cost of 10% or more. There are savings to be made too. Most eco-friendly packaging is made of lightweight, raw materials making them cheaper to ship and reducing costs. Creating packaging that’s economically sized also reduces waste - and with efficiency, there’s financial savings. With so many consumers now understanding their own environmental impact they naturally look for more eco-conscious companies to do business with. Demonstrating your business’ dedication to more sustainable methods and implementing initiatives such as green food packaging will draw positive attention to your brand, building trust and customer loyalty. Creating a positive brand image attracts more customers to your business, from a boarder customer base which in turn provides another economic boost! Don’t forget a positive brand also attracts talented staff who wish to work for a company that strives to make a difference leading to increased efficiency! Being eco-friendly doesn’t have to come at the cost of aesthetics, and your branding should be part of the product. Why not include a reference to your environmental ethics on your packaging design or include a QR code to encourage customers to do their bit at home? To discuss creating the perfect compostable branded greaseproof paper for your business, contact us!

The Niceforo’s Wren Bird Reserve is now registered as a Civil Society Reserve through resolution 057 of June 10 2014, being now part of the National System of Protected Areas. We are pleased to announce the union of a new nature reserve to the National System of Protected Areas SINAP (for its acronym in Spanish) its the Niceforo’s Wren Bird Reserve The Reserve is located in the Municipality of Zapatoca, Santander and was created in 2006 based on the urgency to preserve one of the most threatened ecosystems in Colombia and the world, the tropical dry forest, home of a large number of unique plant and animal species to this particular and almost extinct ecosystem. In the area there are two species of endemic and endangered birds in the Chicamocha Canyon, the Niceforo’s Wren (Thryothorus nicefori) and chestnut-bellied hummingbird (Amazilia castaneiventris), as well as two species and three subspecies of endemic birds and a threatened species of cactus. In June it was decided to register ProAves Reserve as a natural reserve of the Civil Society through resolution 057 of June 10, 2014, and is now part of the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP). But what are the benefits this new figure? The Natural Reserves of the Civil Society are a figure of private conservation dedicated to the conservation of sample plots of natural ecosystems established at the discretion of the owners and defined by Law 99 of 1999. The objective is highlighted on the integrated sustainability criteria for handling that guarantees the conservation, preservation, regeneration or restoration of the natural ecosystems contained therein. For ProAves it is a very important linkage of the field as this figure emphasizes state recognition of the conservation initiative begun over 8 years ago in this town in Northeastern Colombia. For more information about SINAPs visit http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co

What Is Progressive Myopia? Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error that causes blurred distance vision. It occurs when the eyeball grows too long, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it. Progressive myopia is nearsightedness that worsens each year, requiring a significant increase in vision correction of at least half a diopter. Myopia progression is a rising concern among eyecare professionals because there is overwhelming scientific evidence that high levels of myopia are a risk factor for serious eye diseases in the future, such as glaucoma, cataracts, retinal detachment and myopic macular degeneration. Is your child’s prescription rapidly changing? If so, contact ProOptix Eye Care in Houston. We offer myopia management, which can help slow down or even halt rapidly progressing myopia. Why Are Glasses Not A Solution? For decades, distance vision glasses have been prescribed to nearsighted patients to correct myopia, but according to the latest research, they may actually cause myopia to worsen. Glasses correct distance vision by manipulating the way light is focused onto the retina. However, glasses only offer clearer central vision but don’t address images in the peripheral visual field. To compensate for this blurred peripheral vision, the retina actually stretches out in length — rendering the eye more nearsighted and exacerbating the underlying cause of worsening myopia. What Is Myopia Management? Myopia management is a specialized, scientifically proven program that slows or halts myopia progression in children and young adults. If your child’s myopia has been rapidly increasing each year, myopia management can help slow it down or even halt its progression. At ProOptix Eye Care , we will assess your child’s eyes and vision and discuss the best myopia management strategy that will be most effective in controlling your child’s myopia progression. To schedule your child’s myopia consultation, contact ProOptix Eye Care in Houston today! Frequently Asked Questions with Dr. Sairah Malik - A: A child with uncorrected myopia will typically experience eyestrain as they attempt to focus on faraway objects to see them more clearly. Other symptoms include headaches, tired and itchy eyes, blurred vision, and neck and shoulder pain. Q: #2: Why are glasses not a treatment for progressive myopia? - A: While glasses correct progressive nearsightedness through ever-stronger prescriptions, they don’t treat the underlying problem: the elongated shape of the eye.

Auburn manufacturers often had to change their focus to stay relevant in the competitive world of manufacturing. Few instances demonstrate this as well as the 50-year history of the Double-Fabric Tire Company and Auburn Rubber Company in Auburn. The switch from wooden wheels - a carryover from carriage and buggy manufacturing - to rubber tires was an important step forward in early automobile manufacturing. As manufacturing of these new machines grew in Auburn, Indiana, in the early 1900s, an early tire supplier also emerged: The Double-Fabric Tire Company. The Double-Fabric Tire Company was organized and founded by A.L. Murray and William H. Willennar in 1910. Located first on East Seventh Street, and then at 18 West Ninth Street in Auburn, the company focused on making rubber tubes and tires of high quality that wouldn’t puncture or blow out on the car owner. The “interlocks” manufactured by the company under trade names “Oval,” “Fatso,” and “Auburn Certified” names were inner tires that held the tube in such a way that they would not be cut by the rim of the wheel. Unfortunately, in February 1913, a fire in the company’s building - which also housed the Auburn Courier newspaper offices and the temporary courthouse - destroyed nearly everything. The Double-Fabric Tire Company carried on, erecting a $10,000 factory in West Auburn, but by the mid- to late-1920s, Mr. Willennar had sold his interest in the company. The Double-Fabric Tire Company became the Auburn Rubber Company. While the new company initially manufactured industrial parts, a lead tin soldier purchased by A.L. Murray shifted the trajectory of the company. The company began manufacturing similar toys using rubber, along with other items such as swim goods, stick-on soles, and industrial rubber parts. Many Auburn Rubber Company toys were manufactured and sold in dime stores, including toy automobiles - the first of which was a 1936 Cord like those manufactured in Auburn. The rubber toys were an important part of toy manufacturing, bridging the gap between more expensive metal toys and today’s plastic toys. The Auburn Rubber Company moved to Deming, New Mexico, in 1960, but the popular mid-century toys remain collectible.

Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease whose main clinical manifestation is oral dryness (xerostomia) and ocular dryness (xerophthalmia). It is characterized by progressive mononuclear infiltration of the exocrine glands and can affect a variety of organ systems. The prevalence of primary Sjögren’s syndrome varies from 0.01 up to 4.8[%]; this variability reflects differences in definition, application of diagnostic criteria, and geographic differences in age groups. The etiology of primary Sjögren’s syndrome is unknown, but the interaction between genetic and environmental factors (viruses, hormones, vitamins, stress) is important. There are few reported cases of concordance in monozygotic twins, and it is common for patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome to have relatives with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. Among the most common findings ishypergammaglobulinemia. Elevated levels of ?-globulins contain autoantibodies directed against nonspecific antigens such as rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and cellular antigens SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La. Regarding diagnosis, there have been 11 different published criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome since 1965; none have been approved by the American College of Rheumatology or the European League Against Rheumatism. The current criteria were published in 2012 jointly with the progressive advance in the knowledge of the human salivary proteome that has gained wide acceptance in Sjögren’s syndrome, with the possibility of using saliva as a useful tool in both diagnosis and prognosis in this field because the analysis of salivary proteins may reflect the state of locally underlying disease of the salivary glands, which are the target organs in this disease. |Translated title of the contribution |Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a review of the subject and saliva as a diagnostic method |Number of pages |Gaceta Medica de Mexico |Published - 1 May 2016 All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes - General Medicine

Let’s talk tempo! “Tempo” is simply the speed at which music is played. We can have all sorts of different emotional reactions based on the tempo to which a melody moves along. Some composers and artists use tempo changes intentionally to carry a listener through a range of emotions. One classical example is Vivaldi’s “The Four Seasons”: in particular, he incorporated a presto (fast) movement in “Summer” that goes back and forth between slower and faster paces to keep it exciting! And then a modern example of tempo change is “evermore” by Taylor Swift. 💖 Black speckles pop against a fuchsia and coral background in this colorway. Each skein of hand-dyed yarn is designed with precision and care, but variations among individual skeins may vary. To learn more about each base offered, visit our Bases and Care page.

If you'd like resources and articles to help you teach children to learn to read in 5 minutes or less every Sunday. Join the 14,263 others. Search For Posts The Science of Reading The science of reading teaching is an extensively researched field of study. The Science of Reading, shortened in the field to SoR has been debated for nearly a hundred years, as organized school curricula began to be developed and approved. What is the Science of Reading The Science of Reading is… Continue reading The Science of Reading Reading Teacher Scope and Sequence Unit 2 We strongly recommend the program be read in order because the sounds and words in each book build upon those learned in previous books. It is important that students master each book before moving on to the next book. If you are looking for previous units scope &… Continue reading Scope and Sequence Unit 2 Phonics Reading Program Phonics reading programs are the foundation of how children learn to read. It’s exciting for young readers to begin sounding out words; it’s like a new world is opening up for them. These things will become the building blocks to reading and forming sentences. Building solid skills is the key for children… Continue reading Phonics Reading Program Online Reading Program Children learn things quickly and grasp the new concepts if parents, teachers, or mentors accompany them. At least 40% of the children struggle with reading skills. Therefore, it is the need of an hour to invest time, energy, and money at an early stage. This will also help them in overcoming hurdles… Continue reading Science Based Online Reading Programs What Is Phonological Awareness and Why Is It Important? The ability to recognize sounds and how they form words is known as phonological awareness. In other words, phonological awareness is the ability to work with sounds in spoken language. Having good phonological awareness allows children to play around with sounds and understand how they come… Continue reading What is Phonological Awareness and Why is it Important? What Teachers Should Know About the Science of Reading Over 25 million children in the US cannot read proficiently. Reading difficulties are most common in children with ADHD and dyslexia. Learning to read is a complex process, and structured literacy is a comprehensive approach to literacy instruction that is effective for all students but essential… Continue reading What Teachers Should Know About the Science of Reading Ways to Help Struggling Readers Tired of Googling, “How can I help my struggling reader at home?” Don’t worry, we have got you covered! Over 10 million children around the world have difficulties learning to read. The number is huge, but that doesn’t mean that struggling readers can’t overcome their difficulties. Around 90% to… Continue reading Ways to Help Struggling Readers Benefits of Using Sight Words With all the diverse approaches at our disposal today, it can be challenging to opt for tactics and activities that are best designed to help kids become confident, fluent readers. To compound the situation, children, parents, and instructors are all heavily overworked! As an adult immersed in the hustle and… Continue reading Benefits of Using Sight Words How are Decodables different from Leveled Reading An article published in The Elementary School Journal (2014) by Murray et al examined the impact of the first 10 levels of 1st Grade versions of these two types of readers (books). Table 1 below summarizes how the decodable and the leveled readers varied in terms of… Continue reading How are Decodables different from Leveled Reading How to Choose the Best Decodable Readers for Your Students In a classroom of varied reading levels, decodable readers are the smartest choice any educator can make. Yet in light of the “literacy crisis” recently coined by the New York Times, it can be difficult to decide when – and how – to introduce decodables… Continue reading How to Choose the Best Decodable Readers for Your Students Science of Reading in Action: 3 Impacts of Early Literacy Funding in a CA Elementary School National reading assessments continue to show the toll of COVID-19 learning loss, with some suggesting almost 4 months of reading learning loss as of July 2021. At Nystrom Elementary, a Bay Area School in CA, new funding from the… Continue reading Science of Reading in Action: 3 Impacts of Early Literacy Funding in a CA Elementary School

The landscape of learning is ever-changing and is mostly attributed to the widespread integration of technology in education. The way our students are taught today is very different from how they were taught fifty or even twenty-five years ago. Much of this innovation is related to the growth of technology. Computers have become extremely valuable teaching tools and have opened up a whole new world of blended learning. Top-tier educational establishments are using dynamic digital tools like e-learning software, alongside more traditional classroom practices to create blended learning models. Contrary to popular belief, blended learning is not a new concept. One early 2003 study found that 65.2% of higher education institutions offered blended courses (Allen and Seaman 2003). Despite the acceptance of the effectiveness and predated presence of blended learning, there continues to be some mistrust and ambiguity around it, prompting us to ask the key question: Just what is blended learning? We will delve into what blended learning is, and highlight the benefits it offers institutions and learners. What is blended learning? Blended learning is the integration of face-to-face and online instruction and is widely adopted across institutions. Some scholars refer to it as the “new traditional model” or the “new normal” in course delivery. The multichannel learning method is becoming more and more common. It’s being used in a wide range of learning environments, including primary schools, universities, language schools, professional development centres and online course providers. Whether a student is learning about mathematics, languages, strategic development or child psychology, they might discover their tutor or learning platform through blended learning elements during the course. Benefits of blended learning and how an LMS system can help Studies have shown blended learning can be an engaging and effective teaching approach for students from diverse backgrounds, including students with learning challenges who benefit from having material presented in different modes. Blended learning aims to combine the strengths of traditional and online methods to give students an engaging educational experience. It is an innovative take on education that not only benefits students but also teachers. If you are interested in using blended learning, then an LMS system is a necessity. Online education platforms create an interactive space that supports innovative distance learning. It streamlines an institution’s administrative and management burdens to ensure a seamless experience for all those involved. If interactive sessions are part of your blended learning, integrating your chosen tool with your LMS makes sense. As mentioned before, blended learning not only helps students, but teachers as well. The approach provides the opportunity to make a clear roadmap for learning, like what is expected of each student and requirements to reach the final goal — or grade. With blended learning and the power of e-learning platforms, teachers can track and visualise each student’s progress with analytics. The technology makes it easier to identify signs of a struggling student and take action to remedy their performance. The future of blended learning Learning analytics, adaptive learning, calibrated peer reviews, and automated essay scoring are the components of blended learning. This can, as with all technical advancements, be used to save resources and augment the role of the teacher. The technology optimises time spent on tedious marking and other administrative burdens, freeing up a teacher’s time to further improve the learning process. What is happening now? With the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the world temporarily shut down educational institutions to prevent the spread of the virus that has affected more than 1.2 billion children in 186 countries. In the face of the unprecedented shutdown, universities across the world quickly adapted a remote teaching mode to continue education with minimal disruption. For many, the key challenge was dealing with inadequate digital infrastructure and the lack of online teaching tools. The situation encouraged educators to step up the scope and scale of digital transformation like never before. Institutions with blended elearning platforms thrived. They were able to adapt to the problems presented by the lockdown to cater to this urgent need for flexible and remote learning. Visit our website for more information on how blended learning is becoming the “new normal” and how your institution can incorporate it into the curriculum next semester.

There are more than 1.2 billion children in 186 countries affected by school closures because of the pandemic. The solution is to continue education using online learning platforms for schools! By utilising easily accessible and available programs in the platform, institutions can help schools build a strong learning culture, increase retention numbers and achieve institutional goals, all while adhering to safety regulations and lockdown procedures. How can your institution leverage the benefits of an online learning platform and manoeuvre through the lockdowns? Online learning platforms ensure accessibility and flexibility The biggest challenge of 2020 for students and schools is ensuring accessibility to education. With the power of online learning platforms for schools, your school can ensure limited disruption to coursework and the promise of being able to connect with students, wherever they may be. Online learning platforms for schools take education out of a confined classroom and offer the flexibility of on-demand and self-paced learning. If students can access learning resources and content training when they want, they will be more likely to successfully complete their training. Accessible and flexible online learning platforms should allow users to access learning on a variety of digital platforms, including tablets and mobile devices. A kaleidoscope of accessible resources With online learning platforms for schools, your students have access to different material in real-time. This availability of resources ensures a deeper understanding of the subject matter. While lectures and classes are in progress, you can compare the accuracy of the content, and flow of information in real-time. Furthermore, you can pull up contrasting perspectives to develop a more holistic understanding of the argument. The advantage of online learning is that it is available in different languages and delivery modes, making for easy integration into current processes, so that they can aggregate and deliver content, giving learners more options. Engaging learners in your online learning program is one of the keys to ensuring they learn effectively and get the most out of what they are doing. One of the most effective ways to make learners more engaged in what they are doing is to make it more interactive. This approach allows users to interact with course content, instead of merely consuming it. By letting students actively participate in the learning process, they can help increase engagement and retention. Research shows students are much better off with online learning platforms Most students around the world are being ushered into the e-learning space and research shows that students are enjoying the overall experience. Forty-three per cent of college students found online learning technologies extremely helpful for doing homework and eighty-one percent of these students agreed that online learning platforms improved their academic performance. Further research shows that online interactive classroom apps increase retention rates by twenty-five per cent to sixty per cent with the right online learning platform for schools. Higher completion rates have been recorded among students in online learning courses because there are fewer metrics that could contribute to lower performance in coursework. Accessing a class on an electronic device at home is more feasible than travelling to campus. The material is easier to digest at a comfortable pace because students are not restricted to specific class times. Furthermore, course material could be designed in a way to encourage deeper understanding of the subject matter. Automating tedious processes Online learning platforms are not only beneficial to students but lend a helping hand to teachers by saving time. With this additional time, they are free to concentrate on what’s important, like curating an exceptional learning experience and building a meaningful relationship with their students. By using online learning platforms, administrators can streamline tedious administrative operations like registration, attendance, and progress charts, giving your team more time to refine the learning experience. Online learning platforms for schools – The only way forward With all these benefits, a school can revolutionise their approach towards learning and improve current structures to make them more adaptable to our current landscape. Online learning platforms for schools have helped cut down a schools’ cost. For every dollar invested in eLearning and online learning platforms, schools, institutions and companies make back $30 in productivity. Visit our website for more information on how online learning platforms for schools aid in responding to the current challenges of accessibility and structural change during lockdowns.

There was a time when machine learning — a sub-area of artificial intelligence involving algorithms that process data and learn similarly to the human brain — seemed like little more than a far-fetched idea. Now, it’s working its way into nearly every aspect of our lives. As a result of its rise, some people have brought up concerns that it could ruin the way we live. For numerous reasons, though, it’s improving them instead. Helping Google Have More Efficient Operations One of Google’s goals is to make the world’s information more accessible, but it doesn’t stop there. The company also wants to achieve that aim without wasting resources. Google saw a 40 percent reduction in energy after using machine learning in its data centers during a trial. Google seeks to go beyond data center efficiency, too. It plans to use machine learning to cut down on waste in the company’s 1,200 eateries for its employees. It’ll do that with intelligent scales fitted with cameras that determine the exact amount of wasted food and figure out its origin. Equipping Doctors to Do Their Jobs Better There are also applications for this technology in the health sector. Physicians use it to analyze details about their patients and reach more-informed conclusions about their diagnoses. Some efforts focus on combing through past data and pinpointing what worked best for individuals with similar health issues before. Outside of patient care, people are hopeful about using this emerging tech to collect data from population groups with particular characteristics. This could drive research efforts that may eventually lead to breakthroughs including the eradication of diseases. The capabilities of some platforms enhance patient empowerment by equipping them to better manage their conditions outside of doctor visits. There is software that employs facial recognition and other ways of assessing a person’s well-being and delivers insights to help them stay healthier than they otherwise could. As technologies evolve, they’ll be even more prominent in the health industry, accomplishing things humans can’t do on their own. It will streamline research efforts, too. Enhancing Customer Experiences and Business Practices One of the substantial benefits of being able to process data with algorithms that learn over time is that they make it possible for customers — whether they shop in physical stores or online — to get their needs met as much as possible, which keeps them coming back. Companies measure which aspects are most likely to frustrate people, and then target those areas to make them better. Similarly, algorithms draw attention to individuals who are most likely to leave for good, allowing humans to intervene and try to make things right before they do. Because there are ways to gather data about what customers do when they shop, businesses can provide them with personalized offers, exclusive sales and more. In the future, expect fewer marketing tactics that make people think, “This doesn’t apply to me,” and more instances where they say, “Wow, this company genuinely understands me and what I like to buy.” Businesses depend on technology in other ways too, such as to speed up informed decision making and make accounting necessities less cumbersome. Therefore, technology collectively improves the ways companies work, which has positive effects on the bottom line, the productivity of employees and the satisfaction levels of customers. Finding the Best People for Available Positions Human resources specialists know that locating top-notch candidates for the positions they need to fill isn’t always easy, especially when the most in-demand openings attract hundreds of people. Fortunately, intelligent algorithm-based technologies are simplifying the process and helping job seekers and managers alike. The reduction of human biases due to increased reliance on technology means recruiters have higher likelihoods of diversifying their respective personnel makeups. Plus, because today’s smart platforms work so quickly, the amount of time that passes between when a person puts in his or her application and hears about the status of a position goes down. High-tech platforms highlight the people who are most appropriate for positions based on factors such as their skills, experience and education. Some of them also nudge individuals looking for jobs and give them notifications about work opportunities that closely match their preferences. In many cases, the applications examine characteristics that indicate whether a person aligns with a company’s culture. So, the companies of the future could see lower turnover rates and reduced instances of workplace drama perpetuated by those who consider themselves outliers in an organization. This is only a sampling of how examining data with algorithms that gradually get smarter will positively shape our lives. It’ll open up possibilities the human race hadn’t even thought of in past generations. Follow Us On Get the latest tech stories and news in seconds! Sign up for our newsletter below to receive updates about technology trends

Time Domain Reflectometry Metallic Time Domain Reflectometry (MTDR) is a simple and economical way of detecting and interpreting rock and soil mass response to underground and surface mining using coaxial cables grouted in boreholes. Metallic Time Domain Reflectometry is a simple and economical way of detecting and interpreting rock and soil mass response to underground and surface mining using coaxial cables grouted in boreholes. MTDR can be used effectively to locate rock and soil mass movements. MTDR involves the installation of a coaxial cable in a borehole filled with grout that matches existing soil or rock conditions. A TDR cable test unit is employed to generate a voltage pulse along the cable and receive reflections. Reflections are generated by cable deformations, abrasions and severing. Crimps at known locations along the cable are used to provide depth datum. As movement occurs, the reflections along the cable change as the cable deforms. By connecting the cable tester to a PC through an RS232 cable, MTDR reflections can be interpreted by software, thereby inferring location, type and rate of earth movement. MTDR systems can be combined with data loggers and multiplexers to allow remote readings of multiple cables. Time Domain Reflectometry is commonly used for: View illustrations on how Time Domain Reflectometry is used for: |TDR Coaxial Cable with Connector Kit |FLEXDAQ Data Logger (with TDR200) |Contact RST for details |Portable Time Domain Reflectometer I’m very happy with the quality of the instrumentation and technical support from RST, as always. They worked with us from the initial stages of the project to ensure that we were fully prepared and equipped to use the RSTAR network for the first time. They delivered everything within the tight project time frame to ensure that there were no delays on site, and the submersible tilt meters looked like new even after over twelve months of being submerged in Thames water! -Richard Lipscombe, BEng (Hons), Director & Principle Consultant - RL Geotechnical Ltd

A mutually beneficial relationship is actually a fancy expression used to describe the cooperation between two kinds. It might occur between humans, fungi, bacteria, or even plants. This marriage can result in numerous benefits and stumbling blocks. One of the most impressive of all the mutually helpful relationships certainly is the one between two species of fungi. In this circumstance, a candida is a useful organism that provides nutrients, drinking water, and shield to photosynthetic algae, along with providing a lot of defense from the other invading creatures. However , this sort of a romance is only conceivable because of the circumstances of the environment. These include a great temperature range, and a lack of sunlight. This is simply not to mention a http://www.deliciasbylouise.com.br/uncategorized/glucose-dating-rules-to-get-the-most-out-of-your-time/ low population thickness. For example , a large number of blooming plants are not able to reproduce except if they may have insects to pollinate all of them. The same scenario appears in the microbiome, which consists of a host of effective organisms. These microorganisms help human beings digest meals, protect them coming from pathogens, and provide them with optimal https://sugardaddyaustralia.org/ environmental conditions. Your microbiome is actually a complex network of cellular material and bodily organs, in whose overgrowth can result in disease. To combat this issue, a number of researchers have recommended a solution called probiotics. Those who believe in this kind of theory claim that the tum microbiome can withstand the pains of civilization, and provide humans with numerous health and fitness benefits. A related term is cooperation, which is a elegant term to get the mutually beneficial relationship between two types. This form of interdependence is most generally found between two photosynthetic species. A fungus permits a photosynthesis-powered irish moss to thrive in a much cooler, drier environment. Its biggest drawback certainly is the potential for a parasitic virus. This can happen when the candida overgrows and reverts to it is asexual status. In the same manner that a pet cat can give you a good nights sleep, a infection can do the same for a photosynthetic alga. This is not to convey that cats and kittens will be bad for us, but i’m harmful to fungi. For instance, a single contamination can give thousands of photosynthetic algae, and may produce countless of recent spores yearly.

An anecdote is a simple story which may amuse or provide a lesson. Heinrich von Kleist, a German dramatist and journalist during the Franco-Prussian wars in the early 1800’s, was noted for the acerbic and wry wit enlivening the anecdotes and short fiction that filled his short-lived newspaper. In this appealing slim volume of about one hundred pages, a sample of about forty short narratives and anecdotes that appeared two centuries earlier are translated for the current reading audience. The translation stays true to the meter of the original German, with its long, convoluted, descriptive sentences reading as if the story itself is speaking to the reader. Some of the sketches describe the tragedies so common in war time where death is the usual expectation, others playfully scan over the ironies that are part of life. The short tales dealing with the class system read almost like fairy tales, but don’t expect happy endings. Indeed, these short pieces provide a cynical and irreverent view of the human condition affected by war, social status, religious rulings, and human foibles. This edition provides unusual and absorbing samples from a master writer. |Buy this Book |Poetry & Short Stories

Brain Breaks Pack Are you looking for fresh brain break ideas? This handy pack will give you a ton of engaging, fun, and simple ideas to choose from! Brain Breaks Pack includes: 1. BRAIN BREAKS FOR KIDS Sometimes you need a quick and easy exercise to help students transition between activities or bring their attention back to the task at hand. Other times, you simply need something to give these growing minds a break from the academic rigors of the day. To spark your imagination, these brain breaks are broken into two categories, calming and energizing activities, depending on the needs of the children at that time. These brain-boosting activities are intended to take one to five minutes, but they are meant to be flexible to suit your needs. 22 pages. (Value: $9.95) 2. CALMING YOGA CARDS FOR KIDS When emotions run and tempers flair, it can be challenging for children to find their way back to equilibrium and calm. A calm body and mind prepares students to focus, concentrate, and learn! Calming Yoga Cards provide an engaging, safe, and creative way to help soothe your children while giving them valuable tools to do so on their own. Help your kids manage those big emotions and learn new tools to thrive. 57 cards total. (Value: $9.95) 3. ENERGIZING YOGA CARDS FOR KIDS Kids are meant to move and be active. Get their wiggles out with these energizing yoga poses for kids. Energizing yoga poses build heat in your body by activating your core, increasing strength, and building your flexibility. These challenging poses will increase blood flow and awaken the body and mind. The deck includes an index card, pose instructions, yoga teaching tips, 24 energizing yoga pose cards, and 24 matching description cards. 55 pages. (Value: $9.95) 4. ENERGIZING & CALMING ACTIVITIES POSTER This handy poster provides 33 different activities that either energize or calm depending on the needs of your students. These fun, inspiring, and simple exercises will be your go-to in a pinch when your students are in need of a brain break. All of these calming and energizing activities within this pack will help to boost attention and promote self-regulation in preschool and elementary-aged children. Yoga Sutra 2.46 can be translated as: “We need a balance of both effort and surrender in life.” Children’s academic schedules are jam packed, with little down time. They might be sitting still for a math test, engaging in challenging group work, or struggling with a new concept—but then they are called out for not being able to focus, pay attention, or sit still. In recent years, there has been a push for teaching children to slow down and to learn to live in the present moment. Educators, parents, and yoga teachers have recognized the importance of teaching children how to use their breath to help self-regulate and ease their worries. They also need to energize their bodies, release pent-up energy, or get rid of built-up stress. These brain breaks promote the importance of both cultivating this quiet calm, as well as practicing energetic movement. Hopefully, this “effort-surrender” strategy can become a part of your transition tamer or brain break toolkit as one more way to create a healthy, balanced lifestyle in this hectic world. This classroom yoga resource is for schoolteachers, kids yoga teachers, parents, caregivers, and health practitioners looking for fun, simple ways to add transition tamers or brain breaks to your school curriculum in just a few minutes. We Also Recommend Chair Yoga Poses for Kids Cards Yoga and Mindfulness for Test Taking Yoga and Mindfulness for Young Athletes Mindful Kids in 10 Minutes a Day: 3rd-5th Grade (Workbook Only)

One of the most common problems that people face with their eyesight is a vision that becomes unfocused, unclear, or blurry. Most of the time, blurry vision is not much to worry about. The blurriness may be caused by something as simple as a need for an updated prescription for your contacts or glasses. However, there are times when blurry or fuzzy vision is a signal that there is something more serious wrong. For this reason, it is important to make sure that you investigate what is causing your vision to be blurry. Knowing why your vision has gone blurry can be the difference in getting the right treatment or not. Sight is a very valued sense, which is why it is important to make sure that you are doing what you can to take care of your eyes. Here are 8 natural ways that you can improve your blurred vision. 1. Proper Minerals and Vitamins When it comes to your eyesight, it is important to make sure that you are getting the proper minerals and vitamins in your diet. Vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and the mineral zinc all contain antioxidants that can help to prevent macular degeneration. Macular degeneration is a condition where the macula begins to deteriorate. Some good food sources for these vitamins and minerals include red peppers, carrots, spinach, broccoli, sweet potatoes, strawberries, and citrus fruits. It is also important to add foods that have a high amount of omega 3 fatty acids to your diet. Flaxseed and salmon are two good sources of omega 3 fatty acids. Your diet plays an important role in the health of your eyes. It is also important for your overall health, which is why you should pay attention to what you are putting into your body.

Inside DARPA’s Mission to Send a Repair Robot to Geosynchronous Orbit The RSGS spacecraft could visit and inspect dozens of satellites Let’s say you are the program manager of a very large, complex system. Perhaps it’s an aircraft, or a building, or a communications network. Your system is valued at over US $500 million. Could you imagine being told that you won’t ever be able to maintain it? That, once it’s operational, it will never be inspected, repaired, or upgraded with new hardware? Welcome to the world of satellite building. After a satellite is launched, it is on a one-way journey to disrepair and obsolescence, and there is little anyone can do to alter that path. Faults (which are called anomalies in the space business) can only be diagnosed remotely, using data and inferential reasoning. Software fixes and upgrades may be possible, but most mechanical anomalies can’t be corrected. And hardware can’t be replaced, which means that even if a satellite is operating well, it could lose its state-of-the-art status just a few years into a typical 15-year lifetime. This is a lost opportunity. At this moment, more than 300 commercial satellites are providing television, radio, data transfer, weather, and telephony from geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO), some 36,000 kilometers above the Earth’s surface. Dozens of government satellites are there too. Each of those satellites costs hundreds of millions of dollars to build and launch. If governments and private companies could actively repair and revitalize their satellites in GEO—and move them to new orbits as needed—they could extend their investments and substantially defer the cost of building and launching replacements. To be sure, people have already done such “servicing” work. In the past, astronauts have captured orbiting satellites—most notably in a series of space shuttle missions to repair and upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope. But these operations have been performed only in low Earth orbit, many thousands of kilometers closer to Earth, and each mission puts human lives on the line. Sending humans out to GEO would put them at even further risk, as they’d be exposed to more intense radiation from solar particles and cosmic rays. The bottom line is this: If we hope to make satellite repair economical, safe, and routine, we’ll have to turn to robotics—that is, build spacecraft with dexterous robotic arms and design them so they can perform a range of delicate operations, often on their own. The idea of building such robotic satellite servicers isn’t new, but we think it is finally starting to get some traction. We are now working on a project sponsored by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop a robotic servicing spacecraft that can work on satellites that were never designed to be serviced—which is pretty much all of them in orbit today. This public-private partnership, the Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites (RSGS) program, builds on a decade of work by DARPA (where coauthor Roesler works) and the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (where Jaffe and Henshaw work), as well as the efforts of university researchers and space agencies around the world. When RSGS launches in the early 2020s, we will be able to work with satellite owners to move GEO satellites to new orbits, fix stuck solar panels, and perform several other important chores. Independently, NASA plans to launch a robotic mission around the same time called Restore-L, which aims to refuel and relocate a government-owned satellite in low Earth orbit. If successful, these two missions will push the limits of automation and robotic operation in space. They could be the first steps toward space construction projects like vast solar arrays that can beam energy back to Earth, robots that could mine asteroids and deflect those that pose a danger to Earth, and many other applications that would revolutionize the way we operate in space and what we can accomplish there. The development of robotic servicing has been stymied by a classic chicken-and-egg problem: Satellites aren’t designed to be serviced because there are no robotic servicers out there they need to be compatible with, and no one builds robotic servicers because there are no satellites for them to service. This situation has persisted for decades, in large part because servicing satellites robotically is a really difficult problem. Satellites are built to be as lightweight as possible to keep launch costs down, and their systems are tightly integrated for the same reason. Even opening up a completed spacecraft to replace a part when it’s still in the factory is a major proposition. To do even the most basic operation on a satellite, a robotic repair vehicle must be able to manipulate a very expensive, relatively fragile device under challenging conditions. Among these are high radiation levels, wildly varying temperatures and illumination, and time delays that dramatically complicate remote control. To add to the difficulty, an inadvertent tap can send something spinning away through the drag-free, frictionless environment. To be successful, a robotic servicer’s electronic and mechanical systems must operate reliably because a computer crash or a motor failure could damage the patient. The robot must carry enough onboard intelligence to know how to avoid unintentionally hitting itself with its own arm or slamming into the client spacecraft. Both the position of its arms and the force they exert must be controlled with great precision. Above all it needs to be able to understand when things are going well, when they aren’t, and what to do in response. Even in a terrestrial laboratory, these are challenging criteria, but roboticists have made great strides toward meeting them. The first in-space demonstration was done in the late 1990s by a Japanese flight experiment called Engineering Test Satellite VII, or ETS-VII. In 2007, the United States conducted a more ambitious on-orbit experiment, the DARPA Orbital Express program. ETS-VII had shown that a service robot can autonomously rendezvous and dock with another satellite. In addition to those tasks, Orbital Express demonstrated both fuel and component transfer. But neither ETS-VII nor Orbital Express solved the chicken-and-egg problem. Each mission launched two spacecraft—a servicer and a client satellite—and each client was specially designed to be compatible with the servicer’s robotic hardware. The demonstrations were useful, but they weren’t sufficient to convince satellite makers to alter their designs to make them compatible with robotic maintenance (and of course, existing satellites would be ineligible for help). So in 2002, DARPA set out to answer a different question: What can a robotic servicer do for the sorts of satellites we have today, which aren’t made to be serviced? To help find the answer, the agency sponsored studies by researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, in Pasadena, Calif., and at the Naval Center for Space Technology (NCST) of the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C.—the oldest continuously operating satellite design and testing facility in the United States. One study, called RescueSat, considered a fairly common scenario, in which a satellite reaches space but a rocket or motor failure prevents it from getting to its intended orbit. RescueSat concluded that at least one problem with servicing could be solved: the process of grabbing hold of the satellite, or “grappling.” It turns out that every satellite has structures that connect it to its booster, which separates shortly after launch. What remains after separation are large aluminum rings or bolt holes, which are exposed and strong. These can be grappled fairly easily by the robotic arms of a servicer. This robotic embrace would turn the two independently moving satellites into one rigid two-satellite assembly that could remain steady during servicing. If a servicer can grapple a satellite with these exposed booster-attachment features, it should be able to push the satellite around and move it to a new orbit. But “should be” isn’t conclusive enough to convince satellite owners to allow a servicer to approach their spacecraft. So RescueSat was followed by a second study called Spacecraft for the Universal Modification of Orbits (SUMO), which tested the approach with real hardware, including a pair of commercially available robotic arms. This trial took advantage of a newly constructed facility at NCST that features a computer-controlled crane system that can move test satellites around as if they were in orbit. This system allows engineers to simulate rendezvous operations with realistic orbital mechanics, where firing a thruster in order to speed up or slow down will also put your spacecraft in a new orbit. The main focus of the SUMO tests was autonomy, which is arguably the biggest technical challenge to robotic servicing. Owing largely to data-processing delays, it can take several seconds for pictures from a satellite in GEO to reach human operators on the ground, and the same interval again for a command to get back up to the satellite. This delay makes teleoperation quite challenging and even dangerous, so at certain times, such as during the last few meters of a servicer’s approach to a satellite, the servicer needs to be able to control itself—and be able to abort if anything seems to be going wrong. By 2005, SUMO showed that it should be possible for a robotic servicer to safely and reliably approach and grab hold of another satellite using automated software. The project was a good proof of principle, but to get a more realistic simulation, we would need to test flight-quality robotic arms, ones that would be sturdy enough to handle the docking of two multiton objects in orbit. So in 2005, DARPA selected California-based Alliance Spacesystems, which built the robotic arm on NASA’s Curiosity rover, to construct a flight prototype under a program called Front-end Robotics Enabling Near-term Demonstration (FREND). The flight prototype FREND arm is installed in a thermal vacuum chamber at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, to test its resilience to the harsh conditions of space.Photo: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Completed in 2008, the FREND arm was able to pass the rigorous tests required of hardware to fly in space. And it enabled the team at NCST to conduct more realistic experiments, using the simulator facility to test rendezvous-and-grappling processes under conditions that mimicked those in space. One difficult factor that had to be simulated and addressed was lighting. Many parts of satellites are covered with thermal blankets that can be made of such materials as aluminized Mylar, the same material used in rescue blankets. Illuminated by the sunlight, some spacecraft parts may “sparkle.” Machine vision is used to process camera images, but the highly reflective, high-dynamic-range conditions in space are quite challenging, and they can cause the spacecraft to over- or underestimate distance. Rather than trying to solve this problem in software, laser-ranging sensors can be used to overcome this effect. Another challenge was processing power. Space-qualified computers typically lag the state of the art by several generations. But during the SUMO and FREND programs, we demonstrated that we could implement all the needed autonomy, machine vision, and control software on CPUs considerably slower than those used in current terrestrial robots, and that we could make these slower systems work together in a reliable way. You may have heard about satellite servicing a few years back. After FREND was complete, DARPA began a program called Phoenix, which looked at the possibility of harvesting large antennas from “dead” satellites and giving them new life by attaching electronics and propulsive modules. This very appealing idea would have been a first step toward doing something useful with what was otherwise “space junk.” But ultimately, DARPA decided that servicing active satellites in GEO would result in a higher payoff than refurbishing defunct spacecraft. Still, the tools and techniques developed in Phoenix are now available for the RSGS mission, which aims to offer commercial and military satellite operators a wide range of services to extend the lives of existing satellites. Everything we’ve learnedfrom previous projects will go into RSGS. A commercial provider (recently announced to be Space Systems Loral) will build the spacecraft “bus”—the base of the spacecraft that will supply power and handle communications with the ground. The Naval Research Laboratory will assemble and test the payload to go atop it. This payload will consist of a laser-ranging system to help with long-distance targeting, a dozen cameras, two robotic arms with cameras mounted on the ends, more than 100 circuit boards, and a tool kit of appendages the arms can swap in and out like a multibit screwdriver. The arms—each 88 kilograms and 2.3 meters long—are improved versions of the FREND arm. The FREND team in Pasadena is now a subsidiary of MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates, which built robotic arms for the space shuttles and the International Space Station. RSGS will aim for geosynchronous orbit, and because GEO satellites orbit in or near a single plane, the RSGS servicer will be able to visit dozens of them throughout its planned 5- to 8-year lifetime. The spacecraft won’t be able to open up those tightly packaged satellites to swap out fried circuit boards and reseat connectors. But it could help correct some common mechanical problems, by using one of its robotic arms to hold onto a satellite while the other gently prods and “unsticks” a solar panel or antenna. These appendages are folded up for launch and are meant to unfold after they reach space. But once every two or three years, an antenna or solar panel does not deploy properly—and a mission costing hundreds of millions of dollars comes to naught. These will be delicate operations. Antennas and solar panels are designed to be as lightweight as possible; in fact, spacecraft solar panel assemblies aren’t even strong enough to support their own weight in gravity. So, in order to ensure the robot is gentle enough to manipulate client spacecraft components without damaging them, we implemented a technique called compliance control. The force applied by an arm is constantly measured, and the robot joints are commanded to respond appropriately so the applied force always stays within a safe margin. This sort of feedback will be important in space. Wide temperature swings alter dozens of parameters on the arm, including stiffness and coefficients of friction. In the current design, the RSGS arms will be able to push on a small spring mounted on the exterior of the servicer to make sure their force and torque sensors are calibrated properly throughout the mission. Another valuable service that we began exploring with SUMO is pushing client satellites to new orbits. This could be done to help deliver a satellite to its intended orbit if it has failed to get there or to modify an existing orbit to save the spacecraft’s onboard fuel. RSGS’s repositioning capacity could also be useful at the end of a satellite’s life. Retiring satellites are moved some 300 km above GEO to ensure that the valuable orbit doesn’t get filled up with nonoperational satellites that could collide with others and create space debris. A servicer could be used to ferry satellites to this outer “graveyard” orbit, which would extend the satellites’ lives by allowing them to use the last of their fuel for routine operations. RSGS will require a good deal of autonomy in order to safely work with other spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit. But a human will always be in the loop.Photo: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory A particularly exciting capability being developed for RSGS is to attach small new payloads to operating satellites. These modules would have to carry their own power and communications gear, but they could piggyback on an operating satellite’s positioning and propulsion capabilities to stay in the correct orbit and pointed in the right direction. Because of communications delays—and the time it would take for an earthbound human operator to analyze the spacecraft’s position and other factors—it would be impractical and potentially dangerous to try to conduct these sorts of activities by remote control. As a result, we expect RSGS will use a mix of human and autonomous operation called supervised autonomy. A human will always be in the loop, monitoring RSGS’s activities, but for certain critical tasks such as grappling, the spacecraft will be on its own, performing either a prescripted activity or operating in a fully autonomous mode by which the servicer can rapidly respond if something does not go according to plan. RSGS engineers are still working on this capability and expect to conduct more tests over the next few years. That effort includes the onboard software needed to control the servicer, which is expected to run to about a million lines of code—not unheard of for a spacecraft, but definitely more than the average satellite. Space robotics capabilities that are being developed for RSGS and NASA’s Restore-L could be extended, in the long term, well beyond servicing existing satellites. Today, great effort is expended in complicated (and sometimes unreliable) mechanisms to maximize the size of mirrors and antennas that can be deployed from a single launch with a single satellite. But a dexterous and capable space robot could assemble pieces from multiple launches in space to construct antennas and other structures of enormous size. On-orbit robotic construction could boost the sensitivity of radar imaging and speed of communications by allowing for much bigger and more sensitive radio antennas. It could also be a boon for Earth-observing satellites and astronomical telescopes. We could even help address Earth’s growing energy demands. Nearly all spacecraft gather energy from solar panels. If we can increase the area of solar panels a thousand- or a millionfold, and send the energy to Earth via microwaves, we could create a new source of clean, constant, and globally transmissible energy [for more, see "It's Always Sunny in Space," IEEE Spectrum, May 2014]. This idea is starting to look more economically viable, thanks to the recent success of SpaceX and Blue Origin in recovering expensive booster rockets for reuse, and the ongoing development of modular and mass-producible space components. Further in the future, robotic construction capabilities could also be applied to create space infrastructure—standing structures such as refueling depots, in-space manufacturing facilities, space-tourism complexes, and asteroid mining stations. And the same sorts of robots that can move satellites could also help keep the space environment around Earth safe, by helping eliminate space debris. Someday, work in this area might even lead to spacecraft capable of diverting asteroids from likely collision courses with Earth. It may be decades before we can see scores of robots working in space. But within five years, we expect to have systems in orbit that can demonstrate the autonomy, dexterity, and delicacy needed to begin work on these more far-reaching capabilities. Delivering on their promise will require overcoming many technical as well as economic hurdles. But if RSGS succeeds in its mission to demonstrate autonomous servicing in GEO, it will send a message to satellite owners: A new robotic revolution awaits on the high frontier. This article represents the authors’ personal views and not necessarily those of DARPA, NRL, or the U.S. Department of Defense. About the Authors Gordon Roesler heads the Robotic Servicing of Geosynchronous Satellites (RSGS) program for the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Paul Jaffe and Glen Henshaw both work at the Naval Research Laboratory; Jaffe is a electronics engineer, and Henshaw is a roboticist. This article appears in the March 2017 print issue as “Orbital Mechanics.”

Dwarf Zebra Lionfish (Dendrochirus zebra) Max Size: 7 inches Reef Compatible: With Caution. Will eat small fish and invertebrates. Minimum Tank Size: 50 gallons The Dendrochirus zebra, commonly known as the Zebra Lionfish or Dwarf Lionfish, showcases an eye-catching appearance with its vibrant red, white, and black vertical stripes along the body, accompanied by large, fan-like pectoral fins and tall, quill-like dorsal fins. For proper care, a 50-gallon or larger aquarium with ample hiding spots is recommended. Initially, the Zebra Lionfish may seek shelter while acclimating to its new environment. It's important to be cautious as the top spines of this fish are venomous, causing reactions akin to a bee sting. In case of a sting, promptly soaking the affected area in hot water (100-110º F) can help alleviate the discomfort. To entice the Zebra Lionfish to eat when introduced to the aquarium, live saltwater feeder shrimp should be provided. Being a carnivorous species, its diet primarily consists of meaty foods, including live shrimp (including ornamental shrimp), live fish, and occasional crustacean flesh. Ensuring a varied and nutritious diet is essential to the health and well-being of this captivating fish.

Vedanta Wonders of Mathematics for Class 4, aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, introduces young minds to the enchanting world of numbers, shapes, and patterns. This comprehensive curriculum engages students with interactive lessons, fostering a deep understanding of mathematical concepts. The program emphasizes practical applications, enhancing problem-solving skills and critical thinking. With a focus on experiential learning, Vedanta Wonders of Mathematics ensures a holistic and enjoyable mathematical journey for fourth-grade students, laying a strong foundation for future academic success. The curriculum not only meets NEP 2020 standards but goes beyond, instilling a lifelong love for the beauty and logic of mathematics.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a form of therapy that uses a variety of strategies to help individuals live more meaningful and fulfilling lives. One of the key strategies used in ACT is the use of metaphors. Metaphors are powerful tools in ACT because they help to convey complex ideas in a simple and accessible way. They can help individuals to understand the concept of acceptance and mindfulness, and to see the connection between their thoughts, feelings, and actions. ACT uses a variety of different metaphors to help individuals understand the core concepts of the therapy. For example, the metaphor of the “Observing Self” helps individuals understand the difference between their thoughts and feelings, and their true selves. The metaphor of the “Leaves on a Stream” helps individuals to understand the concept of mindfulness and acceptance, by seeing their thoughts as leaves floating downstream, rather than as realities that they need to cling to. Metaphors also help to make the therapy more engaging and accessible and to create a sense of connection between the therapist and the client. By using metaphors, the therapist can create a shared understanding of the client’s experiences, and help the client to see their challenges in a new light. In conclusion, the use of metaphors is a key component of ACT, and helps to make the therapy more accessible and engaging. By using metaphors to convey complex ideas, ACT therapists can help individuals to understand the core concepts of the therapy, and to make lasting changes in their lives.

Iodine is a trace element that is naturally present in some foods which is added to some types of salt, and is available as a dietary supplement. Iodine is the key component for the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control the body's metabolism and many other important functions. The body also needs thyroid hormones for proper bone and brain development during pregnancy and infants. Foods like Seaweed, Fish, shellfish, Table salts labeled “iodized” Dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt) Eggs. Chicken etc. are rich in iodine. Similarly, Iodine deficiency leads to Cretinism, Goiter, Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Postpartum Thyroiditis. Moreover, its over intake leads to Graves' Disease, Toxic Adenoma etc. Historically, Nepal struggled with endemic goiter, often regarded as a sign of beauty. The reliance on Tibetan rock salt led to widespread iodine deficiency and cretinism in northern regions. In 1970, recognizing the severity of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), Nepal established the first IDD control program. The successful implementation of iodized salt reduced iodine deficiency from 55% in 1965 to 0.4% in 2007. However, this achievement created a new challenge - the rising prevalence of thyroid disorders due to iodine over intake. Hyperthyroidism has become a hidden serious health problem in Nepal. WHO recommends that sodium consumption be reduced to < 2 g/day in adults and < 2 g/day in children relative to their age.( SEA-Nut 193,WHO nd) About 150 mcg is the daily requirement of the iodine in our human body. Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey 2016, also revealed the median urinary iodine concentration among school age children to have increased from 144 to 314 μg/L between 1998 and 2016 which is above 300 μg/L (excess) while it's in “adequate” range in pregnant women and ‘more than adequate’ in women of childbearing age. Iodine intake was found higher in the central and western parts of the country and the Terai region. The mean iodine content for all salt samples was found as 44.1 ppm, and 67.5% samples had more than 40 ppm, well above the expected level at the retail (30 ppm) and household (15 ppm) levels. However, there is no national level epidemiological study regarding iodine deficiency but there is hospital based data and studies. One study from seven places in five districts of Nepal found the prevalence of thyroid disorders in general population to be 4.32%; twice more common in females and among them, 72.41% had subclinical hypothyroidism, 13.7% primary hypothyroidism and 13.7% hyperthyroidism. Another hospital based study showed 35.3% people with thyroid dysfunction with the prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, to be 2.5%, 2.4%, respectively. A hospital in eastern Nepal also revealed the prevalence of thyroid disorder at 39.3% among which 4.04% had overt hyperthyroidism. A study from tertiary level hospital in far western Nepal showed the prevalence of total hyperthyroidism as 24.8% including both overt hyperthyroidism (14.9%) and subclinical hyperthyroidism (9.9%). Similarly, 34.4% of school children in eastern Nepal had excess urinary iodine concentration above the WHO recommended levels and 88% of the household salt samples tested were found to have high iodine concentration. The over intake of iodine has a severe effect on human beings. Excessive iodine intake during childhood can lead to thyroid dysfunction, manifesting as either hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Thyroid imbalances can interfere with normal growth and development. Similarly, Pregnant women who consume excessive iodine may put their unborn child at risk of developmental issues, including thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairment. High iodine levels in children can adversely affect cognitive development, leading to lower IQ scores and impaired cognitive functions. Iodine over intake in pregnant women has been associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including preterm birth and low birth weight. And also high iodine levels in expectant mothers may negatively affect the neurological development of the fetus, potentially leading to cognitive and developmental issues in the child later in life. Similarly, prolonged over intake of iodine can cause the enlargement of the thyroid gland, resulting in a condition known as a goiter. However, iodine deficiency is a more common cause of goiter, excessive iodine can also trigger its development. Additionally, some studies have suggested that high iodine intake may increase the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) in susceptible individuals. This condition involves the immune system attacking the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and potential thyroid dysfunction. Not only that, high iodine intake has been associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, such as irregular heartbeat and an increased risk of hypertension. Moreover, Iodine overload can have implications for kidney function, leading to decreased kidney function and potential renal impairment. Similarly, to overcome this ongoing burning issue several valuable steps should be taken. The Nepal government should conduct a comprehensive survey to determine the prevalence of iodine over intake in different regions of Nepal. Gather data on iodine consumption patterns, particularly from iodized salt, as well as from other dietary sources. Moreover, conduction of a systematic review of existing studies to evaluate the health consequences associated with iodine over intake, with a focus on thyroid-related disorders and other adverse effects should be effectively done. Likewise, the government should start a survey for identification of sociodemographic and dietary factors associated with higher iodine intake, such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and consumption patterns. There must be proper engagement with relevant government agencies, international organizations, NGOs, healthcare professionals, and community leaders to develop and implement a cohesive approach to address iodine over intake. Not only that, Investigation on regional variations in iodine intake and over intake rates to tailor intervention strategies according to the specific needs of different areas. Furthermore, clear and informative food labeling regulations to indicate the iodine content in food products should be implemented. This will enable consumers to make informed choices and avoid excessive iodine intake. Launching targeted public awareness campaigns to educate the population about the importance of iodine in the diet and the risks of both iodine deficiency and excess. These campaigns can inform people about the recommended daily intake of iodine and the potential health consequences of consuming too much iodine. While iodine is essential for human health, over intake can lead to significant health challenges. Nepal must act swiftly to tackle the issue of iodine over intake. By implementing preventive measures and raising awareness, we can protect the physical and mental well-being of present and future generations.

The Benefits of Plants and Flowers in Your Office Stressful, toxic work environments can affect the well-being and productivity of employees. One simple yet effective solution is incorporating plants and flowers into office spaces. Not only do they add a touch of natural beauty to the surroundings, but they also offer a myriad of health benefits. From reducing stress and improving air quality to boosting productivity and creativity, office plants have become popular among professionals, business owners, and office managers. In this article, we will explore the advantages of having plants in the office and provide tips on choosing and caring for the best low-maintenance office plants. 1. Stress Reduction and Mental Well-being In a technology-driven world, it's easy to feel disconnected from nature. However, we have an inherent desire to be connected with the natural world, a concept known as biophilia; unfortunately, many workplaces lack this connection. Introducing plants and flowers to the office dynamic can help bridge this gap and provide a sense of tranquility and calmness. Numerous studies have shown that office plants can significantly reduce employee stress levels. The presence of greenery has been linked to a decrease in anxiety, depression, and hostility, as well as an increase in overall well-being and mood stabilization. The soothing effects of plants can create a more relaxing atmosphere, making the office a more pleasant workplace. 2. Improved Air Quality and Health Benefits Indoor air quality is a concern in working spaces. Office plants play a crucial role in purifying the air – a process called photosynthesis in which plants clean the air by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. Certain plants, such as rubber, Areca, and bamboo, are particularly effective at removing pollutants like formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, and dust mites. These air-purifying qualities contribute to a healthier work environment and help reduce the risk of respiratory issues, allergies, and other health problems. 3. Increased Productivity and Focus Creating a productive work environment is essential for any business. Surprisingly, office plants can play a significant role in boosting productivity and enhancing focus among employees. Research conducted by Cardiff University's School of Psychology found that adding plants to workspaces increased productivity by up to 15%, improving concentration levels, attention span, and overall work output. Plants are a visually appealing addition to the work environment, making the office space more engaging and enjoyable. They also help create a sense of connection with nature, which is associated with increased job satisfaction and motivation. By introducing office plants, employers can create a conducive work environment that promotes productivity and employee well-being. 4. Noise Reduction and Increased Privacy Open-plan offices are known for their high noise levels, which can be distracting and detrimental to productivity. Office plants can help mitigate noise pollution by absorbing and deflecting sound, thus creating a quieter and more focused workspace. Placing larger plant pots strategically around the office can help dampen echoes and reduce noise reverberation, leading to a more peaceful and productive environment. Additionally, plants can create natural dividers or barriers, providing employees with a sense of privacy without needing physical partitions. By strategically placing plants, employers can create designated spaces for focused work or private conversations, enhancing productivity and employee comfort. 5. Enhanced Creativity and Inspiration Creativity is valuable in any workplace, and office plants can help stimulate innovative thinking and problem-solving. Research suggests that exposure to nature, even in the form of plants or images of nature, can enhance cognitive function and creativity. Greenery in the office can inspire fresh ideas, boost imagination, and encourage out-of-the-box thinking. Certain plants, such as Chamaedorea Elegans and Cypress Vine, are eye-catching and can provide visual inspiration. The vibrant colours can help break creative blocks and foster a more innovative atmosphere. 6. Healthier Employees and Reduced Absenteeism Maintaining a healthy workforce is crucial for any business, and office plants can contribute to employee well-being and reduced absenteeism. Employers can minimise sick building syndrome and its associated symptoms by creating a healthier work environment, such as headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Studies have shown that employees in offices with plants report fewer sick days and higher overall well-being. By investing in office plants, employers can support the health and well-being of their employees, ultimately leading to a more productive and engaged workforce. Choosing the Right Office Plants Selecting the right indoor office plants is essential to ensure they thrive in the office environment and require minimal maintenance. Consider factors such as lighting conditions, temperature, and water requirements when choosing plants for your workspace. Low-maintenance plants like spider plants, cacti, snake plants, and gerbera daisies are excellent choices for busy office settings. - Spider plants are adaptable to a variety of lighting conditions and can thrive in low light. They are also easy to care for and can go without water for short periods. - Cacti are known for their resilience and ability to survive with little water, making them ideal for low-maintenance environments. - Snake plants can tolerate low light and are extremely durable, making them perfect for busy offices. - With their vibrant colours, Gerbera daisies can add a touch of beauty to the workspace while improving air quality. How to Care for Office Plants Proper care and maintenance are essential. Here are some general guidelines for caring for your office plants: By following these care tips, you can ensure that your office plants remain healthy and vibrant, enhancing your workspace's overall atmosphere and well-being. Browse Terra Plants and Flower’s diverse range of indoor plants today!

In his old age, Samuel appoints his sons Joel and Abijah as judges, but they judge corruptly and take money to determine outcomes. The local leaders of Israel tell Samuel that his sons are dishonest judges, and that they want a king over the entire nation like all other countries. Samuel is unhappy that Israel wants a king, so he prays to God for guidance. God assures Samuel that Israel is rejecting Him, not Samuel. He explains that this is how the Israelites have always behaved. God will grant Israel a human king, but first they must be warned of the consequences that will bring. Samuel tells Israel the word of God. With a king, the people of Israel will lose their sons to fight his wars, to farm his fields, to make his weapons. Their daughters will become perfumers, cooks, and bakers for the king. Despite God’s warnings to the Israelites that a king will oppress them, they refuse to listen, and finalize their request for a human monarch. They wish to be like the other nations who all have kings. Israel asks for a king. Samuel is disappointed, but God makes clear to Samuel that they are not rejecting him, but they are rejecting God, that He should reign as king over them. Israel had been self-governing to this point, under God’s law. But now they wanted a human authority in place of God. God agrees to give them what they ask, but makes it clear that granting their request is a form of judgement, as the human rulers will become tyrants. God warns that when they cry out and ask to be released from tyranny God will not answer; they got what they asked for. This chapter is a cautionary tale that leads us to seek responsibility rather than shirk it.

Even though we have made significant progress in terms of understanding and supporting gender identity and fluidity, we still very much live in a society with “male” and “female” roles and expectations. This reality may or may not affect you directly, but when you become a parent, whether you agree or not, societal gender norms will be imposed on your child. But while gender is more of a spectrum rather than binary boxes, society can restrict a child’s free exploration of their gender identity. It is our responsibility as parents to establish open lines of communication to talk about gender identity with our children and avoid gender stereotyping as they explore who they are. If a young girl wants to play with monster trucks and not wear dresses, society generally condones this behavior. However, if a young boy wants to play with dolls and wear a dress, society tends to be less accepting of this behavior. This can prove challenging if you have a child who was born male and is expressing gender identity behaviors that are more “female.” As parents, you love your children unconditionally, but what can you do to support your children when they are challenging societal gender norms? We reached out to Dr. Tia Kim, PhD, Vice President of Research and Impact at the Committee for Children, to discuss childhood gender exploration. We also interviewed a family, Emily and Andrew, who have a transgender daughter, Zoey, who was born male and now identifies as female with the loving support of her parents. Below, we’re sharing both expert advice and one family’s story to shed light on what gender identity and exploration are and how it manifests in our children. Our hope is to equip parents with the tools and confidence to support their children’s identity paths in an open, accepting, and inclusive manner. Gender Identity Development in Children Kids do not develop their gender identities in a uniform timeline. However, Dr. Kim did share some commonalities in terms of gender development. - 18-24 months: “Most children are able to recognize and label stereotypical gender groups. However, at this age, they will still have a limited understanding of the implications of various gender labels.” - Around ages 5-6 years old: “Children will start to become firmer in their gender preferences and beliefs. This often coincides with their understanding of which behaviors are starting to bring them the most rewards,” which tend to be those more socially acceptable. As children grow older, their “feelings around gender become more flexible compared to when they were younger and they may be more able to actuate their authentic, inner identity. That identity may or may not coincide with their assigned sex,” Dr. Kim said. Parents should be aware that even though their child may express a specific gender preference when they are younger, this may change as they grow and develop a stronger understanding of who they are. What is Gender Identity Exploration? Dr. Kim wants all parents to know it is completely normal for children to explore their gender identity at any age. According to Dr. Kim, “The issue is that gender stereotypes are reinforced by the environment around us and, often, by parents. Whether intentional or not, parents typically set the stage for gender typing.” Parents do this in subtle and overt ways like buying pink clothes for girls and buying monster trucks for boys. Parents may coddle girls more if they get hurt and, on the other hand, encourage boys to “shake it off” and to not cry. These actions reinforce gender stereotypes to our children. “It’s our responsibility … to also nurture the growth and preferences of children who are exploring their identities in ways that are not gender stereotypical. No matter how our child identifies, we can always show them acceptance, love, and support,” Dr. Kim said. I had the honor of interviewing Emily and Andrew, whose daughter, Zoey, was born male and is now almost 6 years old and identifies as female. Emily can now reflect on when her daughter was younger than 5 and can see that Zoey was always “female” inside. But this realization came after a complicated journey for her family that has involved a range of emotions that include fear, acceptance, and empowering feelings of advocacy. At around age 3, Zoey began wearing clothes from Emily’s closet, but Andrew and Emily weren’t very concerned with this behavior at that time. When she turned 4 years old, Zoey started to regularly wear a ski hat that had braided tassels on the ear flaps because, according to Emily, this gave Zoey the feeling of having long hair. A year later, Zoey was scheduled to begin preschool at a Catholic school, which had a binary gender dress code Zoey would have to follow. At this same time, Zoey began to display distressing behavior when told she would have to dress in boy clothing to go to this school. Even though they were terrified of what Zoey’s gender fluidity could mean for her life, Emily and Andrew both knew their daughter was “a girl in her heart and mind.” Unfortunately, the Catholic school refused to accept Zoey’s gender fluidity, and Emily remembers they “were deeply hurt and we were scared that others would do the same thing to us [and reject us].” Emily recalls making the choice with Andrew “that our child’s spirit and well-being were far more important than our comfort and our friends/families’ comfort.” They fully supported Zoey, who began using “she/her” pronouns, wearing dresses and hair bows, and embracing long hair. Emily immediately noticed the change in Zoey’s spirit. “She thrived! Her face shined and her spirit was calmer. She needed the life experience of living as a girl for us to know if she was truly transgender,” Emily said. …our child’s spirit and well-being were far more important than our comfort and our friends/families’ comfort. From that point on, Andrew and Emily made it their mission to “come out” to people on behalf of their daughter because of her young age. They’ve now come out to over 400 people and they do it so Zoey has “a fighting chance at a healthy, loving, and authentic life.” To Andrew and Emily, Zoey is fully a girl and they are at peace seeing their daughter happy in her gender identity even though their life can sometimes be more complicated. What to Do if Your Child is Expressing an Interest Challenging Gender Norms “The best way to support a child in expressing themself fully is by taking the time to first understand the variety of terms surrounding gender. A person’s assigned sex at birth, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation are all different and separate things and are not dependent on each other,” Dr. Kim said. The sex assigned to a child at birth may not be the same as their gender identity—the internal sense of feeling male, female, both, or non-binary. At the same time, gender expression “is more about the different behaviors associated in the way we express our gender,” Dr. Kim said. For example, a child who identifies as a boy has a desire to play with dolls, which are typically associated with the female gender. Gender expression and gender identity don’t always coincide. A person’s assigned sex at birth, gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation are all different and separate things and are not dependent on each other. Dr. Kim advised parents to accept and support their child’s interests no matter who they identify as. “It shows our children that their behaviors are not just accepted but that they are also celebrated—and that being whoever they feel they are and know themselves to be is a wonderful thing,” Dr. Kim said. This is precisely the path Emily and Andrew have taken with their daughter Zoey—they embrace and accept her for who she is. Ways Parents Can Support Their Child’s Gender Exploration As parents, we naturally want to protect our children from harm, ridicule, and feeling ostracized. Having a child whose identity and/or behavior is challenging gender norms can cause parents to initially feel panic and dread. Dr. Kim recommended the following ways to support a child’s gender exploration: - “Validate their identity by reassuring them that you love them, but don’t just expect them to know you love and support them. Make sure you say it out loud to them and often,” Dr. Kim said. - Keep the channels of communication open. Keep an open mind when they have questions about gender exploration and identity. - Do not try to change, disregard, or invalidate their gender exploration and identity. - Do not tell your child this is “just a phase” because this can do more harm than good. Dr. Kim issued this important reminder: “With this increased stigma and mistreatment, it is possible they may experience more severe mental health issues.” - Advocate for your children and be strong allies in your external communities. One way to do this is by connecting with other families who have gender-diverse children, who can be a valuable support system to your child and your family. Also, “reach out to your child’s school to make them aware of your child’s preferences … [and] to ensure that bullying prevention and gender identity training are taught throughout the school,” said Dr. Kim. Advice and Lessons Learned from Zoey’s Parents Emily believes the journey she and her family have gone through “is a transformation for the adults to go through … I learned that adults are scared of transgender individuals due to social programming. Kids today completely understand and accept it.” Fear can cloud acceptance. On the other hand, Emily and her family have also received “so much praise, love, and support from people who I never thought would support us.” In the process, Emily has had to let go of seeking validation from others and worrying about their judgment and opinions. In many ways, parents learn best by following their child’s lead, which, in turn, may result in parents reevaluating their own beliefs. In many ways, parents learn best by following their child’s lead, which, in turn, may result in parents reevaluating their own beliefs. Andrew confessed that he was “carrying around a fear that other fathers would view me as weak and a failure as a male role model—that I have caused [Zoey’s transgender identity] in some way.” He recognized this fear was holding him back. Once he took the brave step to contact his close friends to let them know about Zoey, it gave him more energy and courage to advocate and create awareness for her gender transformation. He believes that “when it comes to our children, we all want to unconditionally love and support them, regardless of what the journey looks like.” Andrew and Emily want to remind parents how special their children are. They want parents to be their child’s biggest advocate rather than “refusing their requests to be themselves, [which] will make you into their first bully … Let them be themselves fully so they can fulfill whatever purpose they were born to fulfill.” According to Emily and Andrew, Zoey is just being who she was born to be—she is not trying to make a statement. Emily advised parents to be introspective and reflect on their own gender biases that can cloud their ability to love and accept their child unconditionally. “Suicide rates are far too high in young people and we need to start combatting that by seeing, hearing, and understanding young people so they can get the support they deserve,” Emily said. This article is dedicated to Zoey and other children like her who so bravely make this world a more inclusive and beautiful place.

BUENOS AIRES, Argentina — Interfaith Latin relationships happen to be growing, as the Catholic Church and also other religious web 20 embrace better approaches to intermarriage. In fact , beautiful guyanese women in the United States, thirty-five percent of Jewish Us citizens who have married during the past five years did so with a non-Jewish spouse. And according to the World Jewish Congress Commissioner to get Interfaith Relations, Claudio Epelman, that number is normally even higher in Latina America, in which a majority of the society is Catholic. Interreligious bridal is often characterized since dialogue instead of syncretism, aimed at promoting understanding between different customs to promote acceptance of others. But you will discover limits to this approach, https://www.london.edu/think/why-women-view-trust-differently especially in the case of the Catholic Church, which in turn maintains a solid theological doctrine that helps its claim to supremacy more than other religious traditions and beliefs. This article explores the sociological facets that may explain variations in Latina American religiosity. This article challenges the secularization theory that assumes the more modernity, the less religion, plus it critiques a Latin American model, called well-known religiosity, which has been largely impacted by Catholicism. The findings reaffirm that spiritual techniques are very important for many Latinas/os and that they connect with The almighty through their particular relationships with family, friends, the community, and nature. In addition, it confirms that a number of ethnic values, just like personalismo and rico, create contexts meant for spiritual experiences, which include those with Christ, the Virgin Mary, and Our Lady of Guadalupe. These kinds of spiritual procedures may be involved in the diversity of psychic perspectives which might be present amongst Latinos.

Starting out the week, students got a closer look at plants in preparation for our up-coming “Leaf Walk” fieldtrip! Hopefully, you noticed their “Parts of a Plant” artwork on the bulletin board. They will be learning about plants and leaves in more depth throughout the next couple of weeks. Also, this week, students are playing games and hearing stories in relation to “The Noun” to kick off our initial steps into the Grammar Boxes. Turn your life around with . The Grammar Boxes have activities that solidify the function of each word in a sentence. Including the activities the student completes with his or her friends, the students are learning to symbolize each word, leading to Sentence Analyses which helps us know what our options are to building interesting and varying sentence structures that will develop into your child’s writing “style” and the capability of understanding others’ styles. A highlight this week is budding new research by students. Students have really enjoyed all of our new reference and non-fiction books that several families have donated. The pictures with the information are outstanding! Thank you for supporting our student’s quest for knowledge. Another highlight is our students who have elected to join dance. The music has started grooving and students have been busting out the moves in the gym already! We will get to enjoy their preparations at the next school performance event. Constructing the Elementary classroom to meet the needs of the Elementary student, one will often view the Elementary classroom as a flexible workshop or laboratory for experimenting, imagination and exploration. The classroom as a whole has been conducting the first experiment that highlights the Needs of Plants. Each plant of the four plants potted for the experiment were labeled to track the outcome of the results of the exclusion of heat, light and water, each, separately. They have found that heat is one of the most critical aspects that can determine the success of a plant to live. The plant that had heat taken away did not last the weekend! As stewards of the earth, our class saved the plant and it is happily prospering as new greenery in our environment. This week many students have begun Fractions lessons and continue to progress in all the other areas in lessons. Also, our class went on our very first official fieldtrip: The Leaf Walk at Holden Arboretum. Holden Arboretum is considered the largest outdoor Museum or collection of trees and woody plants in the entire United States. The students rode the public school bus, some for the very first time! Using a map and clues, students found the correct trees and collected one leaf from the ground that belonged to that tree. Discussions about the correct identification and interesting facts about some of the trees were enjoyed by all along the path. The classroom leaf collection returned to the school with the students to be used as a more in-depth research project of the leaves by all the students. Monday was a busy day as students showed mastery, explored art projects, learned a new song and took Spelling quizzes. This day of the week often is the most productive day of the week as students seem to dive into work as if they miss the classroom and their work time. They also look forward to our Community Meeting on Mondays where we come together as a community and decide how to deal with issues during the week, make exciting announcements of opportunities and have voting rights to make important decisions. Recently, many sign-up sheets have been made available for students, by students, to hold a Fall Festival, join a book club, to perform in a play and many others. Our students are confident in their interests and their abilities to lead others! Surprisingly, our students rescued another plant from our on-going experiment. The plant without water had sunk so low, students were worried that it could not be saved but they found that the plant stood up half way by the next morning with a drink of water! Discussions of the length of time the plant could last without additional water compared to the lack of heat created some debate and theories about the plants’ needs. Along the lines of looking at our environment, How Wolves Change Rivers was an interesting short film students viewed Monday. Students were amazed by the immense impact of reintroducing the wolf back into the Yellowstone Park after many years of humans ridding the area of wolves. The plant and animal life completely changed in a positive way and in turn, the geography of the land and river changed. A lesson in how connected we all really are! Check out the video online: http://youtube.com/watch?v=ysa50BhXz-Q. In Math, Squaring lessons have been enjoyed by some students interested in new materials in the classroom that were not available last year. Squaring lessons are closely related to the Multiples lessons in that students start seeing that one Math concept is the same but used in a different perspective, over and over again. Squaring and Cubing lessons will then lead the students to see the connections over time to Powers and other advanced Math offered in the Montessori classroom. “If the idea of the universe be presented to the child in the right way, it will do more for him than just arouse his interest, for it will create in him admiration and wonder, a feeling loftier than any interest and more satisfying. The child’s mind then will become fixed and can work. The knowledge he then acquires is organized and systematic; his intelligence becomes whole and complete because of the vision of the whole that has been presented to him and his interest spreads to all, for all are linked, and have their place in the universe on which his mind is centered. (Montessori, Maria 1973 To Educate the Human Potential Kalakshetra Press, India)”. In preparation to our first visit of the Tallmadge library next week, student leaf/tree research projects are under way! Many students have already started collecting facts about their special leaf that they selected and others look forward to searching for books at the library. Each student will complete one research project alone and two research projects with a team. The class project will be bound into a book that will feature a hands-on leaf and tree matching game. Our annual Halloween party planners kicked it into gear this week, preparing games, crafts and food for all to enjoy! Halloween celebrations began with two costume parades and a community lunch with fun yet creepy food. The students bowled, pinned the hat on the witch, raced in relay races sweeping pumpkins and carrying candy corn on spoons in the gym. Everyone entered the donut eating contest that was sticky and hilarious. The day ended with three spectacular crafts: a spider on a web, a walking spider and a bat-like monster! Boo! For October the Grade 1 and 2 class continued to practice words related to the family. In order to reinforce the family vocabulary, the students learned about a real family that lived in the Roman town of Vindolanda in northern Britain. For a supplement, they also looked at a video and pictures from the archaeological site of Vindolanda and from Hadrian’s Wall. The Grade 3 and 4 class learned the terms subject, verb, and direct object. The students translated short sentences on flash cards and were able to identify these grammatical terms successfully. In addition, they watched a short video showing a modern version of a Roman banquet. In the first two months, the physical education program has already embarked on a plethora of sports. We kicked off the year with a game of capture the flag – it’s an all-time favorite and a great way to get all the kids excited about movement. A rainy Friday lent itself to a nice indoor game of hockey. The gym was transformed into a hockey rink which even included penalty boxes…its not hockey without a penalty box, right? I can already see growth in the returning students. Last year the students only scored one goal during our field hockey games and this year we had well over ten goals…amazing! A great addition this year will be our ‘field trips” to the park around the corner from the school. We already ventured there this fall, playing a game that combines both tennis and baseball. All the kids enjoyed the twist on baseball by hitting the ball with a tennis racquet. Track and field heats up with a tight race for “fastest kid in the class.” Maddie was the undisputed champ last year but many other students have increased their speed over the summer and are giving her a run for her money. Something tells me Maddie will be ready to run during our next timed event. We have some fun field trips scheduled for this year. Our first is coming up soon with a trip to the Football Hall of Fame. I look forward to learning all about the history of the NFL with the kids.

Asteroid impacts have a bad reputation here on Earth — it’s the dinosaurs’ signature public relations victory — but it’s the moon that really bears the scars of living in our messy neighborhood. That’s because Earth has an arsenal of forces that slowly wear away the craters left behind by impacts. And that’s frustrating for scientists who want to better understand the debris hurtling around our solar system. So a new study uses the pockmarked lunar surface to trace the history of things smashing into both our moon and Earth, finding signs that our neighborhood got a lot messier about 290 million years ago. “It’s a cool study that talks about our dynamic solar system and it’s good that it’s out there,” Nicolle Zellner, a physicist at Albion College in Michigan who was not involved in the new research, told Space.com. “It’ll get people thinking and testing it, so that’s exciting.” Earth and the moon are close enough on the solar system scale that stray asteroids should crash into each at about the same frequency. (Earth may attract a few extra with its stronger gravity, and Earth likely suffers more hits because of its larger surface area — but in terms of impact per square mile, they should be clocking in about the same.) Scientists have identified only about 180 impact craters here on Earth, as opposed to hundreds of thousands of lunar impact craters. Earth wipes them away with winds and rainfall, oceans and plate tectonics. “The moon is perfect for studying craters,” Sara Mazrouei, a planetary scientist who led the new research during her doctoral studies at the University of Toronto, told Space.com. “Everything stays there.”

Every year since 2000, March has been designated as National Colorectal Cancer Month, and the whole point of this designation is to help increase people’s awareness of the disease, so they can have it diagnosed early and treated while it’s still in a treatable phase. As with all forms of cancer, the earlier the disease is caught, the more likely that a full recovery can take place. If your family has a history of colorectal cancer, you might be inclined to take some steps to reduce your own risk of developing the disease. In this article, we’ll discuss some of the ways you might be able to lower your risk of contracting colorectal cancer, so you can live a longer, more productive life. Screening for colorectal cancer By far, the very best thing you can do to avoid contracting colorectal cancer is to have yourself screened for the disease each year after you’ve attained the age of 45 years old. Virtually all colorectal cancers begin in the rectum or colon as a pre-cancerous polyp, and yearly screening will detect these polyps so they can be removed or otherwise treated. It is entirely possible for polyps like these to be growing unnoticed in your body for years before they begin to develop into cancerous growths. By having a regular screening, all such polyps can be detected and removed before they have a chance to develop into full-blown cancer. On your own, you would probably never be aware of the presence of pre-cancerous polyps, since they don’t usually involve any noticeable symptoms. Even if you get screened and find that there is a cancerous growth in the beginning stages, it can usually be removed safely through surgery, so the problem is completely overcome. Many scientists and healthcare personnel believe that your diet has a significant impact on the potential for developing colorectal cancer. Medical experts will therefore generally advise you to minimize the presence of animal fats in your diet, while at the same time focusing more on vegetables, fruits, and whole grains. This combination should help to reduce the risk of some chronic diseases like diabetes and coronary artery disease, and it’s also thought that this kind of favorable diet can be at least somewhat effective in lowering your risk of developing colorectal cancer. Making healthy choices This is admittedly a very broad area to address, but a number of studies have shown that there are certain healthy choices that can have a direct impact on reducing the likelihood of developing colorectal cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that people who wish to avoid this kind of undesirable development should increase their physical activity by engaging in a regular program of moderate exercise several times a week. This should contribute strongly toward maintaining a healthy weight, as opposed to being relatively sedentary and constantly gaining weight as you age. People who are relatively inactive tend to put on weight much more quickly than individuals who lead a very active lifestyle. Another healthy thing you can do for yourself is to limit your intake of alcohol, which means dropping the habit of frequently engaging in alcohol consumption, and consuming relatively large quantities when you do. There’s no problem with having a glass of wine at meal times, but binge drinking is something that should be avoided so that better health can be maintained. One last healthy choice that everyone should make as a means to avoiding cancer and other unpleasant physical developments is to eliminate the use of tobacco from their lifestyle. Any number of studies have shown conclusively that tobacco can be highly addictive because it contains nicotine, and that it can be very harmful to your lungs and other organs. There is no doubt that results are universally negative when you use tobacco products over an extended period of time. Making these kinds of healthy choices will not necessarily safeguard you from developing colorectal cancer, but they will keep you healthier and reduce your vulnerability to developing this and other forms of cancer. Taking aspirin regularly There is considerable research underway at the present time to investigate the association between medicines and supplements and colorectal cancer. This new wave of research was triggered by the discovery referenced by the US Preventive Services Task Force which found that regularly taking aspirin in low doses could help significantly deter the development of cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. This discovery was found to be more prevalent in adults than in younger individuals, so it does depend on age and on some of the related risk factors that people in the survey were exposed to. The caveat to this is that aspirin usage is only recommended for individuals in the age group between 40 and 60. Once a person reaches the age of 60, it is not recommended to begin or continue a low-dose aspirin program so as to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease or colorectal cancer.

Dec 18, 2018Is IV Use Okay? IV use is nothing new in sports medicine circles. But a recent viral video, which depicted nearly a dozen football players from Thomasville (Ga.) High School receiving IV fluids on a school bus and in a hallway, is raising concerns about this type of treatment. The school’s officials argue that the pregame therapy is prescribed by a doctor, monitored by certified nurses, and aims to prevent and reduce cramping before games. Yet the manner in which the IV fluids are administered has left many bothered, according to First Coast News. “Sterility is an issue. It just seemed very unnecessary and almost third world medical care,” says Kevin Murphy, MD, board-certified orthopedic surgeon at Southeast Orthopedic Specialists in Jacksonville, Fla. “When we do medical treatment, we like to do it in the cleanest if not most sterile environment. Certainly, a high school locker room or school bus is not one of those things.” Aside from concerns over cleanliness, Dr. Murphy also points out that bumps in the road and other environmental factors can cause mistakes or result in infection. “If it isn’t put in correctly or it slips out and it is bumped around because [the players] are walking around the hallways with an IV in could pull free,” he says. “Then all that fluid you are trying to get into their vein goes into the skin or soft tissue.” Though hydrating athletes through IV fluids to combat high temperatures and possible cramping is common at the professional and collegiate levels, others worry that allowing this trend to trickle down to high school athletics could be dangerous. “The colleges start seeing it done in the pros so they start doing it. Then the high school program sees it done and say ‘Why don’t we do it?’ It doesn’t look like a real responsible situation,” says Jim Mackie, MEd, ATC, LAT, Owner of Athletic Training & Sports Medicine Services, LLC, in Jacksonville. Aside from potential dangers, Mackie agrees with Dr. Murphy that this practice is unnecessary. “The purpose of the IV fluid is for a medical condition where the person has extreme vomiting or extreme diarrhea or something that has been diagnosed,” Mackie says. “If you haven’t properly diagnosed what the condition is, then why are you even doing it?” Despite concerns, Thomasville City Schools Superintendent Laine Reichert defends the high school’s practice, telling First Coast News that the coaching staff uses criteria (i.e., previous history with cramping, low body fat, etc.) to determine which student-athletes should be referred for the medical treatment. “A physician at Archbold Medical Center prescribes the saline drips and the IVs are applied and monitored by certified nurses before games,” says Reichert. “I can assure you that Thomasville City Schools is one of the many districts that employ this preventative measure.” However, when questioned, 15 school districts in Northeast Florida and South Georgia reported to First Coast News that they do not use IV fluids on student-athletes prior to competition. In a separate review, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution found “a handful” of schools that use the practice. While the Georgia High School Association stays informed of this practice and allows schools to choose to opt for treating athletes in this manner, its official stance is unknown. “The GHSA is silent on that issue [of IV therapy use],” a GHSA spokesperson told First Coast News. “We leave the doctoring to the doctors.” Reichert claims that the IV treatment is working for Thomasville since she hasn’t witnessed any players getting cramps during a game. But Chip Clatto, former principal of Thomasville, isn’t convinced this pregame ritual should be performed on athletes at the high school level. “When you see [the video], it’s kind of jaw dropping. Is this the best thing for our kids?” Clatto says. “From an ethical standpoint and a health and safety standpoint I would be concerned as an educational administrator.” “It’s all about football games to a point, but let’s not put our kids at risk doing that,” concludes Dr. Murphy.

What is Git and why does it have secrets? Git is a very popular source code control system. It’s also one of the largest sources of leaked secrets and API keys. Github, a source code sharing platform that uses git, stated in a blog post that over 1.7 million leaked secrets were detected in 2022 alone. Our own research into GitHub revealed 1,800 public pushes leak live API keys and passwords every day. Git repos often contain secrets due to sensitive key material hardcoded in code and configuration files (such as cloud API keys, SSH secret keys, database passwords, etc.). What is TruffleHog and how does it work? TruffleHog is an open source secrets scanning tool that detects over 800 different types of secrets in a variety of sources, such as git repositories, local files, AWS S3, Docker images and more. It utilizes detector modules built for a large range of secret formats, and extracts matching data from plaintext files as well as rich text documents like PDFs. Then, it verifies the secret by checking the credential against the actual SaaS provider’s APIs, if available. TruffleHog installation instructions can be found here. And here’s a link to a git repository containing purposefully leaked keys, so you can test TruffleHog out. Now, let’s step through how to scan git for secrets. Scanning a single Git repository git subcommand is used for all Git related scans. To scan a remote repository, simply add the git repository’s URL as an argument. This works for any git repository host, be it GitHub, GitLab or any other self-hosted git servers. Scan a Git repository remotely over HTTPS: Scan a Git repository remotely over SSH: By default, TruffleHog will verify all leaked secrets it identifies using dynamic requests (e.g. for AWS keys, the AWS API). Verification eliminates the vast majority of false positives, so security engineers and developers can focus on remediating true vulnerabilities and issues. A verified AWS access key ID (in green) vs an unverified GitHub token (in white) To only see verified results, add the To scan a local git repository, use the file:// URI prefix to point trufflehog to that git directory: If the repo is in the current directory, use a relative path: If the repo is in another directory, use an absolute path: Scan specific branches or commits The open-source version of TruffleHog provides command-line options to specify which branches or commits to scan. For example, if you want to only scan the dev branch, run the following command: If you want to scan all changes in a new branch not yet merged into the main branch, run the following command: Scanning Git cloud providers TruffleHog has special commands for some source code control platforms that use Git. This is because leaked secrets can also be found in places like comments, issues and pull requests. At the time of writing, TruffleHog open source provides gitlab commands to support pulling relevant git data from those APIs. Other git platforms such as BitBucket, CodeCommit, Gitea and Gerrit can be scanned using the normal git commands outlined above, with no support for platform specific data. Additionally, better native support for auto-enumerating repos in BitBucket and Gerrit are available through our enterprise offering. GitHub secret scanning Scanning a single GitHub repository A single GitHub repository can be scanned by using the github subcommand with the The above command will only scan the contents of the repository. Comments in issues and pull requests can be scanned by adding options Found AWS keys in a GitHub issue Scanning all repositories in a GitHub organization TruffleHog supports scanning all repositories belonging to a GitHub organization. If the organization hosts a lot of repositories or has private repositories you want to scan, you can run an authenticated TruffleHog scan by passing a GitHub Personal Access Token (PAT) to the Unauthenticated GitHub Organization Scan: Authenticated GitHub Organization Scan: Scanning the trufflesecurity organization for secrets on GitHub GitLab secret scanning Unlike scanning GitHub’s public repositories, GitLab requires users to authenticate before interacting with their API. As a result, all GitLab scanning requires users to pass an API token to TruffleHog via the Scanning all available GitLab repositories with an API token Similar to GitHub, the GitLab API allows TruffleHog to enumerate all available repositories for a given API token. To scan all accessible GitLab repositories, run the following command: If the GitLab server is self-hosted (instead of gitlab.com), the endpoint URL must be specified like so: TruffleHog CI integration TruffleHog can continuously scan a Git repository for newly introduced secrets via integration with CI (Continuous Integration) pipelines. This enables organizations to detect secrets automatically on new commits, without needing to run it manually. Lastly, if you’re looking for continuous monitoring and not just a one-off scan, or you need help deduplicating results, or are looking for a few more integrations than the open source version provides, check out our enterprise version: https://trufflesecurity.com/trufflehog/

There are many different definitions of beauty. While most people would agree that certain types of women are beautiful, the standards for what constitutes beauty are constantly changing. In some cases, a woman is more beautiful than another because of her race or her appearance. The standard of beauty is not a fixed one, and this makes it hard to apply to different types of people. This article will discuss the different kinds of beauty and how we can define it. The term beauty has multiple meanings and is used to evaluate art, design, and more. In different contexts, beauty has different weights and its relevance depends on the individual character of a work. In general, it denotes a high value, as opposed to being plain, boring, or lacking in bizarre elements. However, this word is not used to evaluate all works. In fact, it has a specific meaning for each type of artwork. A person’s beauty is determined by their physical appearance, their skin color, or their symmetry. However, this is a subjective definition. There is no one single standard of beauty. Depending on the context, beauty can be defined in a variety of ways, from a single work to an entire community. Its meaning and relevance will vary from place to place. It is important to note that the concept of beauty is not limited to aesthetics. It is important to remember that beauty is more than just an aesthetic experience. It is a perceptual experience, which can be felt by the senses, the mind, and the moral sense. The qualities of beauty that give us pleasure and satisfaction are what make a work beautiful. This means that the work has more than just aesthetics. It can also be a source of satisfaction and meaning. It should also be considered in a social context. The concept of beauty is not limited to aesthetics. In fact, it includes all forms of visual experience that satisfy our aesthetics and sight. Whether we see a piece of art, we can recognize its quality. The definition of beauty varies from culture to place, but is generally recognized as pleasing to the eye. It can be defined by its symmetry, age, gender, and other factors. The concept of beauty is more universal than any single type. Besides aesthetics, beauty also involves the expression of self. For instance, a woman who is a mother is considered to be beautiful, and a woman with dark skin is considered beautiful. The woman has a unique body shape and a strong personality. The beauty of a person also affects her personality. In the case of men, beauty is a combination of different qualities. It can be a person’s age, symmetry, or gender.

Unleashing the Power of the Sun: Exploring the Next-Generation Solar Cell Market Posted by edwardzmusso on June 27th, 2023 Solar energy has emerged as a clean, renewable, and long-term replacement for traditional fossil-fuel-based power generation. The market for next-generation solar cells is expanding rapidly as researchers and manufacturers work to improve the efficiency, affordability, and scalability of solar energy systems. According to MarketsandMarkets' thorough market research analysis, the worldwide next-generation solar cell market is predicted to grow significantly in the next years. In this blog article, we will look at the key reasons driving industry growth, as well as the newest trends and the potential of next-generation solar cells to transform the energy landscape. Download PDF Brochure @ https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=94742566 Next-generation solar cells contain a diverse set of technologies aimed at overcoming the limits of classic silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) cells. Thin-film solar cells, organic solar cells, perovskite solar cells, multi-junction solar cells, and other technologies are among them. Each technique provides distinct benefits in terms of efficiency, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and manufacturing scalability. Improving solar cell efficiency is a major emphasis in the next-generation solar cell market. To improve energy conversion rates and maximise power production, researchers are investigating new materials, unique device topologies, and sophisticated manufacturing procedures. High-efficiency solar cells allow for more electricity to be generated from a given surface area, making solar energy more cost-competitive with traditional energy sources. In terms of form factor and application, next-generation solar cells provide increased flexibility and diversity. Thin-film solar cells, for example, can be integrated into building materials, windows, and even wearable devices, allowing for the generation of solar energy in a variety of scenarios. This adaptability gives up new opportunities for integrating solar energy into urban areas, consumer electronics, and off-grid applications. Reduced solar energy costs are critical for its broad adoption. Next-generation solar cell production costs are being reduced by process optimisation, material advancements, and economies of scale. Roll-to-roll printing, solution-based processing, and other scalable manufacturing processes have enormous potential for large-scale manufacture of low-cost solar cells. The investigation of new materials and technology characterises next-generation solar cells. Perovskite solar cells, for example, have demonstrated significant efficiency gains and are being actively explored for commercialisation. Organic semiconductors and quantum dots, for example, have unique features that can improve energy conversion and enable the manufacturing of flexible and lightweight solar cells. The integration of energy storage systems, such as batteries and supercapacitors, with solar cells is a major focus in the market for next-generation solar cells. This integration, when combined with sophisticated power electronics and grid connectivity, enables the storage and efficient utilisation of solar energy, transforming it into a stable and dispatchable power source. These developments make it easier to migrate to a decentralised and resilient energy grid. Inquiry Before Buying @ https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Enquiry_Before_BuyingNew.asp?id=94742566 The global push for sustainable development and climate action has increased the value of renewable energy sources such as solar electricity. By enabling clean energy generation, next-generation solar cells help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. The advancement and use of these sophisticated solar technologies is critical to reaching carbon neutrality and a sustainable future. Like it? Share it! About the Authoredwardzmusso Joined: February 8th, 2021 Articles Posted: 510 More by this author

Environmental DNA (eDNA) detection probability increases with volume of water sampled. Common approaches for collecting eDNA samples often require many samples since these approaches usually use fine filters, which restrict the volume of water that can be sampled. An alternative to collecting many, small volume water samples using fine filters may be to collect fewer, large volume water samples using coarse filters that do not clog as rapidly. We used mesocosm experiments and field evaluations to compare coarse filter-large water volume samples (hereafter large volume filter samples) versus fine filter-small water volume samples (hereafter small volume filter samples) for detection and quantification of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) DNA. We found that large volume filter sampling can be an effective approach for detecting DNA of low-density target taxa. In mesocosm experiments, large-volume and small-volume water samples detected similar quantities of rainbow trout DNA. In the field, large volume samples more frequently detected bull trout DNA, had higher bull trout DNA copy number, and higher total DNA concentrations than small volume samples. However, sampling higher water volumes increased the potential for PCR inhibition so the DNA workflow had to be altered for large volume samples. Combining larger water volume samples with other strategies, like increasing PCR sensitivity and the number of PCR replicates, will improve detection of rare species, which is crucial for advancing conservation and ecological understanding. - bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) - Hess sampler - rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

- 1 Mental Health Benefits: - 2 Physical Health Benefits of Mindful Eating: - 3 Research and Studies: - 4 Tips for Practicing Mindful Eating - 5 Comparison between other Mindfulness Practices - 6 How Mindful Eating Complements Other Mindfulness Practices - 7 Conclusion - 8 Author Mindful eating is a practice that involves fully focusing on the food, sensations, thoughts, and emotions associated with eating and drinking. This approach, rooted in mindfulness principles from Buddhist traditions, emphasizes being present in the moment without judgment. Individuals aim to develop a heightened awareness of their eating habits, cravings, and physical cues of hunger and fullness. The goal is to cultivate a more intentional and mindful relationship with food, promoting a greater appreciation for the sensory aspects of eating and fostering a healthier attitude towards food and one’s body. This practice gained popularity as a practice for health and wellness due to several reasons: Mental Health Benefits: Reduced Stress and Anxiety: People who practice mindful eating are more likely to be in the present moment and notice their feelings and thoughts without judging them. This might help people who are stressed or anxious about food and eating habits feel better. Mindful eating makes you more aware of the feelings that make you want to eat. People can deal with their problems in a healthy way and stop emotional eating if they know what sets them off. Enhanced Mindfulness and Awareness: Regular practice of mindful eating fosters overall mindfulness, which can extend beyond meals. This increased understanding can help you handle your emotions better and have a better view on life. Improved Body Image: Mindful eating encourages self-compassion and acceptance, promoting a healthier relationship with one’s body. This can help you feel better about your body and your self-esteem. Physical Health Benefits of Mindful Eating: Mindful eating means paying attention to all of your senses while you eat, like making sure you chew your food well. This can enhance the digestive process, leading to better nutrient absorption and reduced digestive discomfort. Mindful eating emphasizes listening to hunger and fullness cues, which can prevent overeating. Over time, this may contribute to healthier weight management and a more sustainable approach to maintaining a balanced weight. Healthier Food Choices: Mindful eating cultivates awareness of food choices and encourages individuals to make more conscious decisions. This could lead to a meal that is full of nutrients and good for your health as a whole. Blood Sugar Regulation: Mindful eating may positively impact blood sugar levels by promoting a more balanced and moderate approach to meals. This can be especially helpful for people who have health problems like diabetes. Research and Studies: A study that came out in 2014 in the journal Obesity Reviews discovered that mindfulness-based treatments, such as mindful eating, were linked to big weight losses and better eating habits. According to a study released in the Journal of Clinical Psychology in 2016, mindful eating strategies may help people stop eating when they are upset and feel better about their mental health. A study in the Journal of Health Psychology (2016) demonstrated that mindfulness-based interventions, including mindful eating, were associated with reduced stress and improvements in psychological well-being. Mindful eating and gut health is a new area of study, but studies like the ones in the Book of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (2016) show that it might help people with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) feel better by easing their symptoms. These studies provide evidence supporting the positive effects of mindful eating on both mental and physical health. Continued research is ongoing to further explore and understand the wide-ranging benefits of incorporating mindfulness into one’s approach to eating. Tips for Practicing Mindful Eating Incorporating into Daily Life - Make mealtime a dedicated time for eating, without distractions like TV or phones. - Before eating, appreciate the food’s appearance and aroma, chew slowly and mindfully, noticing textures and flavors. - Avoid eating on the go or while distracted, and take time to sit down and enjoy your meals. - Try eating with your non-dominant hand to slow down and be more mindful of each bite. Being Mindful of Food Choices - Before eating, take a moment to consider if you are truly hungry or if there may be an emotional reason for wanting to eat. - Pay attention to how different foods make you feel after eating and choose foods that leave you feeling energized and nourished. - This practice encourages conscious eating, rather than depriving oneself of pleasure or emotional reasons. It involves choosing enjoyable and nutritious foods, focusing on conscious choices rather than deprivation. Overcoming challenges and setbacks is crucial, and it takes time to develop. If you find yourself eating mindlessly, take a moment to refocus on the present moment. Reflect on patterns or triggers that lead to mindless eating and develop strategies to manage them. Consider working with a registered therapist or dietrezian specializing in mindful eating to develop strategies and overcome challenges. Tracking your progress through a notes can help you develop a more mindful and enjoyable relationship with food. Comparison between other Mindfulness Practices While mindful eating is one practice of mindfulness, there are many other mindfulness practices that offer their own unique benefits. Here’s a comparison with two other popular mindfulness practices, meditation and yoga: How Mindful Eating Complements Other Mindfulness Practices Mindful eating can complement other mindfulness practices by bringing awareness and intentionality to a daily activity that is often taken for granted. By practicing mindfulness during meals, individuals can carry that awareness and intentionality into other areas of their lives, such as work, relationships, and other mindfulness practices. Furthermore, the benefits of mindful eating, such as reduced stress and improved mental well-being, can enhance the benefits of other mindfulness practices. A person who is more relaxed and focused due to mindful eating may find it easier to meditate or practice yoga with greater awareness and presence. In case you missed it. Please read our previous article here: Plant-Based Diets and Their Health Benefits Mindful eating is a mindfulness practice that enhances mental and physical health by fostering a healthier relationship with food, managing stress, and improving overall well-being. It complements other mindfulness practices and can enhance the benefits of this approach to well-being. By practicing this into your daily routine, you can improved your relationship with what you eat and yourself.

MUSKOKA WOMEN SEIZED A NEW MANDATE AMIDST THE FIRST WORLD WAR’S UPHEAVALS When a 1914 war began, many smugly opined “the fighting will all be over before Christmas.” But eight global empires enmeshed in deadly modern warfare vaporized that glib notion soon enough. The war stretched to almost five Christmases. And, like all wars, it grew. The 25,000 soldiers Canada initially pledged became 500,000 in the marathon slaughtering of 16 million humans. It was not called “the Great War” because it was wonderful, but vast. In the stubborn dawning of women’s freedom, the years 1914 to 1918 became the sunrise. Caught up in the emotions of war, and subject to the propaganda and censorship mind-control of their societies, women did whatever was required for survival. For Muskokans, that meant serving the British Empire’s “noble cause.” As army recruitment kept thinning the district’s workforce, tasks of the missing men became women’s work. Even their “traditional” roles – baking, sewing, knitting, performing music, staging concerts, raising children, gardening and tending the needy – acquired a decidedly different hue in this altered context. Successfully “doing their bit” to win the war, venturing into a male universe which had long corseted them in diminished roles, women developed increasing self-confidence by taking up their new mandate. In 1908, for instance, Carrie Bowerman Thompson and music teachers Eva Bastedo, Violet Kirk and Wilma Warne had formed the women’s musical group “Clef Club.” At first, they played music for their private enjoyment. Then, with other female musicians, they began annual public concerts in Bracebridge. Now they stepped that up with many patriotic fund-raising concerts, in 1916 earning enough to buy an ambulance for Muskoka’s Overseas Battalion. Transitioning from private to public roles, from personal satisfaction to home front leadership, by this stage of the war was not exceptional but expected. The home front felt at one with Muskokans fighting along Europe’s western front. That’s what “world war” really meant. In these reciprocating spaces of civilian and soldier, Muskoka’s increasingly self-assured women discovered factory work and driving motorized vehicles, hands-on farming and marking ballots in elections Young women of wealthier families, drawn by the euphoria of war, sought adventure in dangerous places. Many went overseas as Red Cross nurses or volunteer nursing sisters with the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Some 20 Muskoka nurses were among the 2,333 serving overseas, a quarter of all Canada’s registered nurses. They cared for the dying and wounded, administering anaesthetics and morphine in stationary hospitals, field hospitals and casualty clearing stations. Most worked in France, others in England, some with the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, many aboard hospital ships. May Bird, youngest daughter of Mary and Henry, owner of Bracebridge’s prospering woollen mill, was keen to nurse soldiers and left at the outbreak of war. Nurse Grace Mahaffy, daughter of judge Arthur and Alice Mahaffy, departed Bracebridge to tend wounded soldiers in England, remaining for the entire war. Mabel McGibbon, a descendent of Muskoka’s lumbering Boyd family, went with her physician husband, Peter, to Britain. She assisted with casualties In London while he performed surgeries at the front. North Muskoka’s nurses serving abroad included Olga Bushfield, Margaret Duncan, J. Kehoe, Zoe Loy, C. Milton, Jean Moir, Maude Pym and Rena White. Huntsville’s Norma Fisher, in a class by herself, served in a foreign country without going overseas. When America joined the war, the U.S. Navy cast a wide net and Norma fetched up at Brooklyn Harbour Hospital in New York, with military rank in the navy’s nursing service. In their closeness to battle, nurses danced with war’s risks and rigours. A number died when Canadian military hospitals were bombed; fifteen of Canada’s nurses died from disease; another fourteen perished, with their patients, when Germans torpedoed hospital ship Llandovery Castle. May Bird, active at the frontlines, tended wounded men at military hospitals in England, Russia and Egypt. In January 1916, writing home from Alexandria, she thanked the Bracebridge Women’s Institute for a Christmas package. “What big things you are doing at home,” she enthused from Egypt. “Here we are into another winter and still this awful war goes on with little change. As soon as one convoy departs, another arrives and our daily hospital tasks continue.” Muskokans focused on their daily tasks, too, filling war-orders at the three tanneries and Bird’s woollen mill. Henry Bird even extended Muskoka’s home front closer to the soldiers by opening “Muskoka Rooms” at 20 Craven Street in London. Officers, privates, nurses and “everyone hailing from Muskoka serving overseas” could meet up, get news and relax. The other Bird daughters, Margaret and Catherine, moved to London and took charge. The rooms, “furnished as home-like and comfortable as possible” with writing tables and stationery, offered “light refreshment and smokes, always available free of charge.” District newspapers were on hand. Their register of all visitors, including temporary London addresses, helped drop-ins find friends from Muskoka. Most Muskoka women had no opportunity for overseas service. Channeling their patriotic energies into the war effort entailed raising crops, making blankets, filling vacated store and office positions, raising money, knitting socks and sending care packages. From their kitchens came extensive compilations of recipes, such as The Bracebridge Ladies Cook Book, published “in aid of the Women’s Patriotic League” and sold to raise home front funds. They baked durable fruit cakes and mailed them to soldiers. Muskoka newspapers carried recipes for baked goods that could be made from “available ingredients.” Whether baking for soldiers or cooking for families, women had to contend with wartime shortages. Huntsville’s Forester, Bracebridge’s Gazette, Gravenhurst’s Banner and the Muskoka Herald listed “alternatives” to flour, coffee, butter, meats and other foodstuffs rationed or no longer available. To stretch resources, Ottawa also declared “meatless” days. By the winter of 1917, “heatless” days were added, to save wood and coal. Believing further savings could be made using “daylight saving,” Ottawa also used its War Measures power to impose the time switch as a Canada-wide measure. Having no choice, Muskoka families complied. The hour difference played havoc, most of all, with essential cycles followed by farmers – an increasing number of them women. Women constantly organized community events. Their concerts, dances, picnics, and quilting bees maintained morale, while raising war effort funds. Needlework, certainly a customary activity, was a relaxing yet productive use of spare moments between chores. Just as Muskoka’s sheep farmers and Bird’s woollen mill were in overdrive producing blankets for armies overseas, the district was alive with thousands of clicking hand-held needles. Muskoka’s women used traditional work to advantage, supporting war, helping advance their position in society. Each week knitting clubs produced socks and scarves while sewing circles made pyjamas, handkerchiefs and wound dressings. A specialty dressing produced by Huntsville’s patriotic women was of white cotton, knitted 13 centimetres wide and a metre long, then wound tight for nurses overseas binding badly damaged arms, legs, heads and torsos. In Raymond, women organized a Women’s Institute branch and knitted socks for the soldiers. Their first parcel, consisting of 10 pairs, was mailed to the Red Cross in Toronto and forwarded across the Atlantic. Gravenhurst council opened its chambers to Red Cross volunteers for war work. Where at other times resolutions were debated and bylaws passed, women knitted thousands of wool socks and packed hundreds of packets for soldiers containing cigarettes, chocolate, combs, soap, tooth powder and handkerchiefs. Rosseau’s 18-member Red Cross chapter knitted hundreds of skeins of wool into socks, sweaters, gloves and mitts for “the boys of the village.” The women included toiletries and cakes with their parcels, but adamantly refused to add cigarettes. What was the point of fighting for noble British principles only to then tempt, even encourage, the boys to sin? However, five of Rosseau’s volunteers, less high-minded, considered cigarette smoke incidental to chlorine gas and artillery bombardment, perhaps even a small comfort in such trying conditions. Their breakaway group included smokes in every parcel sent. Women quilt makers turned the era’s popular “signature quilts” into their war effort, getting people to pay for sewing on their names, then selling raffle tickets for the unique keepsake. Huntsville’s Benevolent Society made a quilt of red-and-white squares, using red-thread on the white ones to stitch the signatures of dozens who’d paid ten cents per name. In Gravenhurst, the Women’s Patriotic Committee sewed names of 287 south Muskokans into their signature quilt. In its centre they fashioned GRAVENHURST and 1915 CANADA, adding names of town councillors, light and water commission members and themselves: Mrs. Abbey (president), Mrs. Brennan, Mrs. Browne, Mrs. Fournier, Miss Grant, Mrs. Mickle and Miss Mowry. After it was raffled off, nobody expected to see it again. Today, miraculously returned from war-torn Europe, it is displayed in the lobby of Gravenhurst’s town hall. With letter-writing the only way to communicate between home and war fronts, Great War corresponding was incessant. Copies of Muskoka’s newspapers or clippings from them were a staple postal feature. Mothers, wives, sisters, fiancées and daughters penned letters to their soldiers. Mail service was exceptionally good, yet with wartime disruptions soldiers could go weeks without anything, sometimes getting a bunch of letters at once, other times, nothing. German submarines sank many merchant ships, delivering mail to oblivion. Battles at the western front slowed or prevented delivery. Censors’ intrusive work caused additional delays and complications. Cherished letters from overseas were re-read, shared, bundled in ribbon, saved and carefully treasured, often alongside a family bible. In 1917, Bracebridge citizens gave each of the town’s soldiers in the 122nd Battalion departing for Europe handsome tan-leather writing kits – a classy version of every mother’s final farewell, “Don’t forget to write!” When war ended, Muskoka’s women had changed. The momentum was forward. There’d be no going back.

Long life expectancy can be achieved through some simple lifestyle changes – regular exercising, limiting alcohol intake, not smoking and eating a healthy diet. But with so many different diet plans to follow, which one is deemed the best? According to medical consultant Dr Sarah Brewer and dietician Juliette Kellow, following a vegan or vegetarian diet could be most beneficial. In their book titled ‘Eat Better Live Longer’ the pair write: “Look at the communities in the world with the longest life expectancies and one of the key things they share is a mainly plant-based diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables. Look at the communities in the world with the longest life expectancies and one of the key things they share is a mainly plant-based diet “Skewing your diet towards plants seems to protect against many age-related conditions, including heart disease, cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes.” A number of studies have shown diet based mainly on plants are linked to a reduction in mortality – particularly cardiovascular disease. The duo continue: “You don’t need to be 100 per cent vegetarian to benefit: a 2015 study found that diets comprising 70 per cent plant-based foods cut the risk of cardiovascular disease by 20 per cent, so the priority is to obtain most nutrients from plants.” Experts agree the health benefits of plant-based diets are twofold. Dr Brewer and Ms Kellow advise: “First, by eating more plant foods we ‘crowd out’ animal foods and reduce our intake of the nutrients they contain that are linked to poorer health. “Second, most plant-based foods come with in-built beneficial nutrients, many of which are unique to plants.” But for those who can’t quite make the leap to veganism or vegetarianism, other diets around the world have also been hailed for boosting life expectancy. The Mediterranean diet has been hailed in recent years for contributing to better health and quality of life. Dr Brewer and Ms Kellow say: “Many of the countries bordering the Mediterranean boast long life expectancies. “Sardinia and the Greek island of Ikaria are known for exceptional longevity, with a high proportion of adults living to 90 or more. “Here, traditional diets feature lots of ‘good’ fats, fish, whole grains, pulses, and fresh fruit and veg.” People in the Mediterranean eat plenty of vegetables, fruits, beans, lentils and chickpeas, oily fish and shellfish, nuts, olive oil, and herbs and garlic. They tend to limit red meat, butter and processed foods and foods high in fat and sugar. Red wine, eggs and dairy are important, but are limited to small amounts. Studies have shown a 53 per cent drop in the risk of Alzheimer’s disease in those who follow a Mediterranean diet. A Japanese diet has also been proven to boost life expectancy. Source: Read Full Article

Purpose: To build good muscular coordination and establish symmetrical motor development with emphasis on the role vision plays in controlling and directing the action. Materials: Jump rope, large manilla folder or the cardboard back of a school pad Patient is to: 1. Jump up with both feet together while looking straight ahead and be able to stay in an 18 inch square for at least 20 consecutive jumps. 2. Be able to jump up 10 times in a row and hit his head on a manilla folder held approximately eight inches above the head. 3. Be able to jump rope for a minimum of 10 consecutive times while someone else turns the rope from behind over his head. He is to be looking straight ahead and jump when he sees the rope come into his field of view. 4. Practice flipping the rope over his head without jumping until he can do it for 10 consecutive times. The proper technique for flipping the rope is not to make large movements with his arms. We want him to practice flipping the rope by holding his hands low at his sides and literally flip the rope from behind and over his head by using a sharp wrist action. 5. Flip rope as in #4, jump over rope once and then continue to flip it until the rope hits the floor. This is a single jump each time. Repeat these single jumps until he is able to do this for 10 consecutive times. 6. Jump rope with both feet 25 times looking straight ahead and not at his feet, flipping the rope as slowly as possible. We don’t want hard, high jumping that easily exhausts, but we want slow, easy and smooth jumping. 7. Jump rope in the same manner as #6 on one foot 15 times and then on the other foot for 15 times. Aspects to be emphasized: 1. Never proceed to the next step until each previous step has been mastered and fully achieved. 2. Ability to jump rope in smooth, easy, slow manner. 3. Awareness of the role of vision and visualized in triggering the jump action and in maintaining position in the room.

Batteries have a pivotal societal role, from providing the initial power needed to start automobile engines to acting as a backup electrical source for essential services. As batteries are further integrated into consumer, commercial, and industrial applications, their performance and safety become more critical. The best way to confirm that batteries perform correctly is with a test chamber. As a leading test chamber designer and manufacturer, Weiss Technik has developed innovative solutions to prove out all types of batteries. Here’s a breakdown of battery testing and why incorporating it into your process is advantageous. What is Battery Testing? Battery testing is the act of performing analyzing, recording or monitoring critical battery operating parameters to ensure effective operation. In some cases, it’s required by an industry standard or regulatory agency like the European Council For Automotive Research And Design, or EUCAR. We also can test, measure, and assess products based on the exacting and stringent requirements requested by the client. - DIN Standards - IEC Standards - IDC Standards - IPC Standards - MIL STD Common types of tests performed include: - Design Testing - Qualification Testing - Abuse Testing - Cycle Testing - Load Testing - Production Testing - Performance Monitoring - Failure Analysis Batteries are the heart of many stationary, critical power, industrial, and motive power applications. Consequently, monitoring and testing their health and reliability is essential to delivering power on demand. Actual testing parameters vary by application, but typical information sought out includes: - Is it fully charged? - How much charge is left? - Does it meet the manufacturer’s specification? - Has there been any performance deterioration? - How long will it last? - Do the safety mechanisms work? - Does it generate interference or electrical noise? - Is it affected by interference or electrical noise? How To Examine Batteries? Pushing batteries to the limit poses a risk. Hazards include fire, deformation, fluid leakage, gas release, and even explosion. Battery test chambers are a standardized way to safely and reliably test batteries during design and production. Developing Advanced Battery Solutions With test chambers, manufacturers can subject their devices to conditions like extreme temperatures, high humidity, shocks, and vibrations to simulate the life cycle. In doing so, they can determine failure points and set expectations. This helps ensure products fit and function as intended when put into production. Verifying Quality On The Production Floor Test chambers enable quality personnel to quickly expose products to extreme conditions on the production floor. This lets them confirm specific aspects of a procedure or specification are met. These tests can catch nonconforming products before leaving the shop, protecting against subpar performance or, worse, complete failure. The Emergence Of Lithium-Ion Batteries Few inventions have changed the modern world as much as rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Used to operate laptops, tablets, and mobile devices, they’ve made remote work possible. Additionally, these batteries help streamline communication and power portable medical devices like the automated external defibrillator, or AED. Since lithium-ion batteries are relied upon to power applications across almost every industry, manufacturers are racing to develop safer, longer-lasting, and higher-performing options. Batteries that don’t operate safely or are damaged can become a fire or explosion hazard, which is potentially dangerous to the public and damaging to brands. Test chambers specifically designed to simulate a wide range of environmental conditions can help you bring lithium-ion batteries to market quickly and safely. Lithium ion battery testing verifies they work safely regardless of climate, be it the dry heat of Arizona, harsh cold of Arctic nations, or corrosive environment of the coast. The Right Test Chamber The standard for EV/Automotive lithium-ion battery cell and pack testing and validation is EUCAR. It has created a series of hazard levels, ranging from 0 to 7. The lower the score, the less the functionality impact. With Hazard Level 7, a possible outcome is an explosion. Before choosing a test chamber for an EV/Automotive battery application, you should become familiar with the type of test to be performed and the appropriate hazard level. Once the hazard level is established, choose a test chamber fitted with all the devices required for that specific level and those below it to ensure complete protection. Battery testing for other industries may be subject to the requirements of different regulatory bodies or industry standards. Examples are UL, UN/DOT, SEC, and IEC. If you’re unsure what standards apply to your application or how to meet them, Weiss Technik is happy to assist you. Our experts can help you determine the optimal test chamber and safety equipment for your process based on the tests needed to be performed and the standards or regulatory requirements that must be met. Typical safety features include: - Chamber Ventilation - Reinforced Door Latch - Pressure Relief Ports - Fire-Suppression Systems - Spark-Resistant Construction - Gas-Monitoring Systems - Overheating Sensors - Electromagnetic Door Locks To learn more see our Safe Battery Testing with Environmental Test Chambers Webinar. Your Battery Testing Partner When designed and manufactured properly, batteries are a safe energy source. Weiss Technik test chambers enable you to measure battery performance with enhanced accuracy. Together, we can safely power the world. Click here to view our Battery Chamber Brochure Contact us to learn more about battery testing.

Last updated on August 25th, 2023 at 12:25 pm The sempervivum tectorum succulent, also known as common houseleek or hens and chicks, may be one of the most underappreciated plants in your garden. With attractive foliage and hardy nature, it’s an easy succulent to grow and looks especially good around your home. Yet many gardeners don’t have sempervivum tectorum at all because they don’t know how to care for it properly or how to propagate more plants from their existing ones, but that could be about to change. The sempervivum tectorum, more commonly known as the houseleek, is one of the most popular houseplants today. It’s also one of the easiest to propagate, whether you choose to divide your own sempervivum tectorum or purchase new plants from your local garden center. In either case, it’s important to know how to care for your plants and how to bring them back from whatever state they may be in before you can begin growing them in your home or office. Origin and distribution Sempervivum tectorum is a popular succulent ground cover, native to Europe and parts of Asia. It’s easy to care for and propagate, making it ideal for beginners looking for a little greenery around their homes. It’s also one of nature’s best drought-tolerant plants – perfect for areas where water conservation is important. In fact, sempervivum tectorum has been used for centuries in many countries to help protect against erosion along roadsides and pathways. Sempervivum tectorum propagation While propagation might sound fancy, it is simply referring to any process that can increase your sempervivum tectorum collection. The best way of propagating sempervivums is by dividing them into smaller plants through division. This method isn’t difficult once you get a bit of practice under your belt. In some cases, you may need to cut or divide one of your plants in order to make room for another plant. To do so, remove your clump from its container and remove as many offsets as needed while making sure not to damage or break off any roots in the process. Once you have successfully divided your Sempervivum tectorum, don’t forget to give each plant a good watering before placing them back into its containers. The main reason why we recommend giving them a good watering before returning them to their containers is that there will be less risk of transplant shock and they will have time to adjust themselves to their new environment before being placed back into it. Sempervivum tectorum care information There are over 200 species of Sempervivum. They originate from central Asia and can be found throughout most of Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, Macaronesia (the Azores, Madeira Islands, Canary Islands), and Northern America. This plant loves water but will tolerate drought conditions once it’s established in your garden. It does best in full sun but will tolerate partial shade. It also does well with a little neglect as long as you don’t let it dry out completely; however, if you want maximum health and vigor, it needs regular watering during dry periods and light fertilizing every two weeks during its growing season. You should also make sure that there is good drainage since they don’t like soggy soil. Sempervivum tectorum are sun lovers. They require six hours of sunlight per day and should be grown in a spot that receives direct light during all hours of daylight. They do not like shade at all. Plants grown in shade will experience yellowing leaves and eventually die. Sempervivum tectorum is very tolerant of a variety of soil types, as long as it drains well. However, I would recommend adding a bit of compost or other organic material to your potting mix; for example, adding about 20 percent sphagnum peat moss or fir bark fines can greatly increase water retention. Additionally, you’ll want to use a good-quality potting mix with plenty of perlites added; perlite is an excellent drainage agent that will help prevent root rot. For best results, choose a potting mix designed specifically for cacti and succulents. Sempervivum tectorum should be watered once a week. Since semps store water in their leaves, they can easily survive for a couple of weeks without any watering during dry spells. It’s best to water at midday or just before nightfall so that it has time to soak into their roots before overnight dew arrives. If you have an automatic sprinkler system, set it up to water your semps on a regular basis. If you don’t have an automatic system, use a hose with a timer attached so that you can set specific times for your plants to get watered. This will ensure that your plants get plenty of moisture while also conserving water by not over-watering them. Fertilizing sempervivums is not something that you need to do often. In fact, it’s best if you can refrain from doing so at all. Fertilizers can burn some species of these plants, which can kill them entirely! Instead, feed your plants by creating a compost pile in your yard or adding leaves and other things that will naturally break down into organic material for your plant’s root systems. Sempervivum tectorum grows best between 65–85 degrees F (18–29 degrees C). At temperatures below 60 degrees F (16 degrees C), growth will slow, while temperatures above 85 degrees F (29 degrees C) can burn or damage your plants. When outdoors in summer, sempervivum tectorum benefits from a little shade from direct sun, say, half a day under a tree or shrub. If you live where summers are scorching hot, it’s fine to grow sempervivum tectorum indoors year-round. Sempervivum tectorum prefers conditions of 50-70% humidity. Since they’re succulents, they need little water overall, but those who live in arid areas may wish to grow them in planters that are occasionally doused with water. Sempervivum tectorum is a slow-growing, drought-tolerant succulent that can add an ornamental quality to any garden setting. One of its most distinguishing features is its ability to thrive in sunny or partially shaded areas; however, It does require regular pruning and maintenance for optimal health. When to repot Sempervivum tectorum should be repotted during its active growing season, which runs from April through September. Plants that have outgrown their pots may need to be transplanted into bigger containers. During repotting, clip off any long roots (known as pups) so they won’t take root in your new potting soil. Just snip them off flush with the soil surface or use pruning shears to remove them at ground level. During their natural growing season, sempervivums photosynthesize in order to accumulate energy that can be stored as starch. After they lose their leaves, they enter a state of dormancy and stop producing new cells. As long as they are kept above freezing (32 degrees Fahrenheit), sempervivums will stay dormant for a very long time. It’s important to note that during dormancy, sempervivums do not require any water or light. However, if you plan on storing them over winter, it’s best to keep them out of drafts and store them in a place where temperatures remain between 35-45 degrees Fahrenheit. Flowers & fragrance These succulents have small, star-shaped flowers that have a distinct lemony smell. After blooming, these plants usually produce new pups or propagules. They can be propagated by removing these pups from around their mother plant. These should be planted in pots containing a mixture of silica sand and small gravel or cactus soil mixed with perlite. Sempervivum tectorum has a relatively slow growth rate, but it can spread by offsetting. It will form clumps given enough time. Because of its ability to spread, many gardeners choose sempervivum tectorum over other semps when they want ground cover in a particular area. Clumps can also be divided if preferred, although they’ll need extra care in order to establish themselves before winter. Sempervivum tectorum is nontoxic. It contains saponins, which are not very toxic, but they may irritate the eyes or skin if you touch them. If you have sensitive skin or eyes, it’s best to wear gloves when working with Sempervivum tectorum. If you do get saponins in your eyes, wash them out with cool water immediately. USDA Hardiness Zones Sempervivum tectorum grows in USDA hardiness zones 3 through 9. If you live outside of these zones, you can grow sempervivum tectorum as a houseplant. When growing indoors, it’s important to keep your plant out of direct sunlight, which can scorch its leaves. Instead, place it near a window that receives indirect light for about four hours per day. Pests and diseases Keeping plants healthy can be a constant challenge. There are several pests and diseases that attack Sempervivum tectorum, so keeping an eye out for these issues is important. Monitor your plants for insect infestations like aphids, spider mites, thrips, or whitefly. These creatures can spread disease from plant to plant quickly, so if you notice signs of an infestation in one plant, it’s wise to remove it before it spreads. If you see any of these pests on your plants, spray them with insecticidal soap. If you don’t have any on hand, a mixture of 1 teaspoon of dish soap per gallon of water will do just fine.

This page was originally authored by Linda Peterson (2007). This page has been revised by Erin Gillespie (2008) and Simonjay Moreton (2008). This page has been revised by Jennifer Long (2009). This page has been revised by Patricia Collins (2011). Web Artifact Video - Created by Braulio Fernando Morales (2015) An authentic learning environment is a pedagogical approach that allows for the construction of meaning grounded in real-life situations and the learners own personal experience (Newmann, Marks & Gamoran 1996) Students are able to “explore, discuss and meaningfully construct concepts and relationships in contexts that involve real-world problems and projects that are relevant to the learner” (Donovan, Bransford, & Pellegrino, 1999). The movements towards creating authentic learning environments is essential as research has found that when the learning process is separated from its applications in the real world, knowledge will remain inert and unused beyond the classroom (Discroll, 2005). The Construction of Meaning The Constructivist theory of learning's central tenet is that knowledge is created when a learner, confronted by a question, project, case or problem, enagages with the content domain and creates meaning from this interaction. The individual's prior knowledge, sociocultural context, beliefs and values all affect learning and the meaning that is created. This way of thinking finds its beginnings in the work of Jean Piagetand Jerome Bruner. The influence of sociocultural context was first recognized by Lev Vygotsky. The interpretation of ambiguous images such as the Gestalt Man reflects this ideology. Depending on their age, religious background, and life experience, people may identify the picture on the right as a map, a roughly drawn cow, the face of a man, or the face of Jesus Christ. Once the meaning of the image (particularly this image) has been created by the viewer, it is nearly impossible to construct alternate interpretations. Meaning or knowledge in any domain can not be given or transmitted to the learner, it has to be actively created; hence the adage “construct and produce – don’t reproduce” (Newmann, Marks & Gamoran 1996). Rather than presenting the learner with the factual content that is to be learned, constructivists begin with a question, project, case or problem. Authentic Learning - The signifigance Authentic learning requires a paradigm shift in the true purpose and execution of learning; from disconnected ideas and activities to real-world relevance. Psychologists have described the immense difference between taking the time to learn about science and actually learning to be a scientist. The meaning and relevance of isolated facts is minimal until a student can identify what those tools can do for them (Lombardi 2007). Further research has found that unfortunately most of what is “learned” in the school context is unapplied or inert knowledge with little value (Mims 2003). As Newmann, Marks & Gamoran (1996) elucidate, calls for educational reform are occurring, not simply because of high dropout rates or low test scores, but from concerns that the kind of mastery required for students to earn school credits, grades, and high scores is frequently trivial, contrived, or meaningless. Researchers have cautioned that for too many years, the focus in education has been primarily on those skills that are relatively easy to obtain, as opposed to the fundamental skills of analysis and creativity (Lombardi 2008). It is by manipulating new knowledge in the solving of unfamiliar problems with increasing complexity, that knowing takes place and concepts are learned by using them. David Jonassen has done much to advance our understanding of the power of Constructivist Learning Environments in driving individual and group learning Designing Constructivist Learning Environments (CLE). He stresses that problems, questions or projects must capture the learners’ interest and draw them into the content domain. The problems need to be worthy of consideration by the people who work in the field. As the students attempt to solve the problem, they come to know the meaning of the language and symbols used in specific professions. Finding a solution to the problem must be seen as important by the learners for whom the learning environment is designed. Educators must take great care when selecting and/or designing problems and should consult with experts in the field to ensure the problem is realistic and at an appropriate level for the specific learners. A well designed, authentic learning environment provides a relevance and career preparedness not overly present in more traditional, diadetic forms of education most importantly because they employ industry standards and professional expectations in much of what they do (Windham 2007). Skills developed by participating in authentic learning environments There are many skills students develop while participating in an authentic learning environment. Lombardi (2007) recognizes that apart from becoming familiar with the language and symbols used by the professionals, students will be able to: - Judge the validity and reliability of new information - Develop the ability to recognize relative patterns in unfamiliar contexts - Flexibly work across disciplines and cultural boundaries to develop creative solutions to the problem under investigation - Through practice students will develop patience to follow and complete more complex problems. Creating Authentic Learning Environments It is easier to recognize the importance of authenticity in the constructivist learning environment than to dissect the elements that make it so. As acknowledged by Nikitina 2011, this is partially due to the fact that the authenticity only fully develops when the learner extends it through interaction with a particular task. However, the focus for all authentic tasks should be that students construct their own knowledge, that their inquiry is focused and disciplined, and that the task has a “real world” value above and beyond just completing it for a mark (Newmann, Marks & Gamoran 1996). Ten Characteristics of authentic learning environments Harrington, Oliver and Reeves (2000) list 10 characteristics of authentic e-learning activities which can be equally well applied to authentic learning environments. It is important to note, that is not mandatory that all authentic tasks have complete adherence to the ten characteristics (Nikitina 2011). - have real world relevance and are not simply classroom based - provide complex tasks that take a significant amount of time to complete - have ill-defined problems that require students to define tasks and sub-tasks to be completed through multiple interpretations - provide students the opportunity to collaborate - provide students the opportunity to examine the problem from different perspectives using a variety of resources - require students to reflect on their social and individual learning experiences - require integration of content from several disciplines and lead to outcomes beyond the specific learning objectives - integrate assessment into the activities rather than employing external tests in an effort to be reflective of similar real world assessments - lead to the creation of a polished product with value in their own right outside of simply earning a mark - allow competing solutions and a diversity of outcomes instead of one single correct answer Technology, multimedia and authentic learning environments Although the idea of authentic learning has been approached before, it is receiving another well-deserved look due to the recent advancements of technology and multimedia. Authentic tasks actually provide a bridge between the classroom and successful incorporation of technology. Whereas the original implementation of technology in the classroom fell short; using technology to complete complex tasks that are authentic does find success because the need for a perfect match between curricula and technology disappears (Means and Olson 1994). Moreover, the use of multimedia to situate the content and enhance the understanding of knowledge for new learners is highly effective. Students in the beginning may not have the expertise and experience to decode a problem if it is simply text based. To support authentic learning, multimedia environments can provide learning through a context. This promotes challenging and complicated engagement, increase meaningfulness and encourages further research (Dunlap, 1999). To support student use of multimedia practioners must actively incorporate; scaffolding, providing an authentic context for tasks, providing resources and providing collaborative tools as needed (Jonassen, 1999). Authentic learning with multimedia can be accomplished through web discussion forums, developing simulations or using a web-based performance support system (Dunlap, 1999). Barbara Means (Means & Haertel, 2004) believes technology lends authenticity to school tasks and she views multimedia as a tool that enables students to achieve more valuable "polished" work (Means & Haertel 2004). Barbara Means et al., (2004) believe students value their work highly because the tools used are similar to those used by professionals. Affordances of authentic learning environments There are a multitude of affordances being generated from the integration of authentic tasks. One of the key affordances is seen in the enhanced collaboration of educators. Due to the need for support when implementing AL for the first time, many educators are going back to their colleagues for ideas and encouragement. Studies have reported that strong mentorships have developed out of colleagues being eager to share expertise and challenges faced from incorporating new authentic tasks (Means & Olson 1994). This exchange of information and ideas generates further levels of collaboration such as knowledge building communities. Another unique affordance that is being created is the opportunity for student citizenship and community building within the authentic task (Newmann, Marks and Gamoran 1996). Furthermore, students are reporting a stronger sense of doing something important, as they complete sophisticated, industry-ready products with the help of technology (Means & Olson 1994). The technologies in authentic learning environments also engage students in other compelling ways. For example, an instructor can write on the Web CT blackboard, and open a discussion activity in a chat room. The blackboard is not only under the control of the instructor, it is a shared text tool. Students may jump from the chat room discussion, to write comments on the blackboard. To contrast, think of a conventional classroom: A student who is hesitant to speak would not jump up, walk past the teacher at the front of the class, take the chalk from the teacher and then write thoughts on the blackboard. In this example, the online learning environment supports collaboration and reflection, two of the ten characteristics of authentic e-learning activities. A final, and still developing affordance, is the ability of authentic activities to minimize the achievement gap amongst learners of diverse social backgrounds. Researchers have found that adopting this pedagogy produces more authentic grades, through formative assessments, and as such a more equitable level of success regardless of socio-economic factors (Newmann, Marks & Gamoran 1996). Simulations and authentic learning environments The integration of multimedia and using simulations can help the instructor create meaningful and realistic learning activities (Dunlap, 1999). For example, Google Earth can be used in a lesson to take a virtual “around the world” tour to answer an ill-structured problem on the challenge of completing such a journey, by basic modes of transportation, in one year. On a more sophisticated level, Jonassen's research in designing Constructivist Learning Environments (CLE) provides examples situated in the business world where students learn the roles of managers, investors and those working in a food production company, or an ecological field study (Reigeluth, 1999). Interestingly, Kantor, Waddington and Osgood (2000) and Harrington, Oliver and Reeves (2003) comment that it is not necessary to utilize high end multimedia to achieve an authentic learning environment. Instead, learners must be willing to accept the learning environment as authentic by suspending their "disbelief". The action of suspension of disbelief is the same as what is required when viewing Star Wars or playing a video game. Authenticity resides largely in the above stated characteristics of the activities themselves and less on the technology used to simulate them (Harrington et al., 2003). In particular the tasks should be appropriately demanding for the specific level of the student. If the students perceive the problem is beneath their level, the learning environment loses its credibility. An example of a multimedia authentic learning environment for K-12 students is Bugscope. Bugscope provides learners with free remote instrumentalization of a scanning electron microscope. Students can create their own experiments, communicate with scientists, have immediate feedback and discuss with other students from around the world. The Bugscope project meets the ten characteristics of authentic e-learning activities described by Harrington et al., (2000). Types of Authentic Learning Environments Lombardi (2007) recognizes several different authentic learning practices that students may participate in. Students engage in simulations and role-playing in order to immerse the student in an scenario where the student has to actively participate in the decision making of a project. This helps in developing valuable communication, collaboration, and leadership skills that would help the student succeed as a professional in the field he/she is studying. Some activities available for student collaboration are available at Tools for Synchronous and Asynchronous Communication. Learning through simulation and role-playing has been used to train flight attendants on how to act during a crisis, train fire fighters on how to respond in certain emergency situations, train medical personnel in CPR through the use of the Resusci-Annie mannequin, and now in the twenty-first century simulations have advanced to incorporate information technology involving visual, material, and auditory stimulation at the same time. According to Miles (2004) incorporating more senses into a simulation makes the experience more real. The American army is now ending the training of its combat-medics with a simulation of a warzone where the medics have to perform save real life mannequins that have been injured while dodging simulated bullets and working in smoke. "The more we go through this, the more mechanical the concepts become. And when you're faced with a real-life scenario, you fall back on your training. Everything comes back." For this reason, real life simulations would be useful in training anyone in how to respond quickly in an emergency. Student-created media focuses on students using various technologies and programs to create videos and [film], design websites, produce animations, virtual reconstructions, and create photographs. As students participate in designing and making their finished project they are gaining valuable experience in working with a range of technologies as well as developing valuable cooperation, decision making, and leadership skills that are valuable in both the classroom and in the workplace. Students have also improved their reading comprehension, writing skills, and their abilities to plan, analyze, and interpret results as they progress through the media project (International Student Media Festival, n.d. and Lombardi, 2007). In this authentic learning practice, cognitive scientists join together with faculty to design web-based resources that are designed to cognitively guide a student through scaffolded stages of development in their pre-professional careers. In Inquiry based learning the student is introduced to the key concepts, and practices specific skills while the instructor monitors the student and makes sure the student is on track and understands what is going on (Oblinger, 2007). This aspect of authentic learning is critical in students incorporating elements and concepts from other disciplines into solving the problem or task at hand. The instructor is able to facilitate this connection bridging by asking 'what if' questions to get the students to think about the problem from another angle or by using another method to solve the problem under investigation. An example of inquiry based learning environment is a webquest. This medium is a package of web based materials brought together to explore a topic in depth. You may find webquest examples at the Webquest.org website. In peer based evaluation students are provided the means to analyze, critique, and provide constructive feedback on the writing assignments of their peers. We are currently doing a similar peer-based evaluation in the ETEC courses as students review each others work and make comments either reinforcing or contradicting what the original author said, and possibly exposing a new understanding of the topic being investigated. Further examples of peer evaluation activities and rubrics can be found at foundation coalition. Working with remote instruments Specialized software can open the door to students who don’t have access to certain laboratory facilities or specialized equipment. These various software packages produce similar results that students working in a fully equipped lab might receive. By interpreting the software based results students are able to apply theory to practice as they interpret the data that would otherwise not be available to them. One example of working with remote instruments would be using to use various earthquake software to simulate the results that a shake-table and a sensor-equipped flagpole may give during an earthquake. Working with research data Students collect their own data or use data collected from researchers to conduct their own investigations. This authentic learning activity is very common to any science lab experiment where students must complete a lab, obtain results, analyze and interpret the results, and gain a new knowledge or understanding of what was observed and found while conducting and completing the experiment. For instance, Ducks Unlimited Canada provides lesson plans for students Grade 4 through 12 on wetland conservation. Students participate in authentic practices such as measuring water quality, biodiversity and other biochemical characteristics of the wetland in relation to inflow/outflow, surrounding land use, soil characteristics, water depth, shoreline slope etc. Using this infomation students are able to assess the "health" of the wetland as well as hypothesize about potential human impacts. Reflecting and document achievements The last authentic learning practice that Lombardi (2007) recognizes is that of the reflecting and documenting of achievements. As with the ETEC program, e-portfolios are designed to showcase the student’s work as well as let the student reflect back on his/her own learning pattern to improve their own performance over time. This is why in the ETEC program we are encouraged to keep our work and develop an e-portfolio as we progress through the course, but the main learning that is derived from the course is when we go back and reflect on all our courses and apply what we have learned in those courses as we start the final course ETEC 590 which is an amalgamation and cumulation of all the concepts, projects, and paradigms that we have explored throughout the program. Current and future issues Due to authentic learning environments and associated projects, teachers have become facilitators in their classrooms where they implement student based learning projects to create, motivate, and spark an interest in the students participating in the activities to solve real world problems. However, some feedback from students and teachers has been mixed. There have been concerns expressed that students start to disengage when the material’s challenge becomes too much. At the same time, other comments from students have suggested that the time involvement does make the authentic task more meaningful than other participation activities (Windham 2007). Educators have also expressed apprehension about abandoning all traditional summative assessment activities such as rote-memory quizzes and Provincial exams. Research suggests however, that this does not have to be the case. Rather, what practioners must do is keep the concluding product (authentic task) as the clear end point for assessment (Newmann, Marks & Gamoran 1996). It has been further noted that the assessment goes along ways to determining and defining exactly what the students deem to be important when contemplating activities. As such, it is integral for teachers who are interested in promoting and integrating authentic tasks to devise a set of assessment procedures that reflect this difference and rise above the many restrictions of traditional means of assessments (Lombardi 2008). Apart from all of these benefits of authentic learning, Lombardi (2007) suggests that students might still prefer the traditional method of teaching where through rote memorization and finding the “correct” answer can one proceed to the next stage. Authentic learning environments create uncertainty, and cause the student to question, analyze, rethink the problem, and create alternative solutions using knowledge across numerous disciplines. This higher order thinking requires the student to be more mentally mature to deal with ambiguity commonly found when solving “real world problems” outside of the classroom, then the right or wrong approach to learning that many students are accustomed to. To appropriately reflect the investment in participation in such activities, students must also be given suitable quantitative, marks-based credit for completing an authentic task. Given the challenging and time consuming nature of authentic learning, students might ignore a project that does not have direct benefits to their mark or does not tie in to furthering their understanding of the curriculum (Windham 2007) If we are going to prepare our students to live and function in the real world we must employ authentic learning practices as soon as possible so our students will be trained to analyze a situation and pull resources from a variety of disciplines and peers to help solve the problem. The implementation of authentic tasks and authentic assessments do much to avert the limitations of more traditional classroom methods which have been seen as limiting student’s growth into independent thinkers. A response further echoed in the complaints of employers who are finding their new college graduates are sorely lacking in workplace skills and attitudes (Lombardi 2008) Driscoll. M.P. (2005) Psychology of Learning for Instruction (pp. 153 - 182; Ch. 5 - Situated Cognition). Toronto, ON: Pearson Donovan, M.S., Bransford, J.D., & Pellegrino, J.W. (Eds.). (1999) How people learn: Bridging research and practice. Washington, DC: National Academy Press Dodge, B. (2007). Retrieved January 25, 2008 from the Webquest.org web site: http://webquest.org/index.php Dunlap, J.C. (1999). Rich environments for active learning on the web: Guidelines and examples. Honolulu: WebNet99 World Conference on the WWW and Internet Proceedings. (ERIC Document Reproductive Service No.ED448709). Earthquake Hazards Program (2008, January 22). Retrieved January 25, 2008 from the U.S. Geological Survey Web site: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Harrington, J. Oliver R, and Reeves, T. (2003). Patterns of engagement in authentic online learning environments. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 19 (1), 59-71. Retrieved 19 February 2007, from http://www.ascilite.org.au/ajet/ajet19/herrington.html Jonassen, D. (1999). Designing constructivist learning environments. In C. Reighluth (Ed.), Instructional design theories and models: Volume II (p.215-239). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Kantor, R. Waddington, T. and Osgood R.(2000). Fostering the suspension of disbelief, the role of authenticity in goal-based scenarios. Interactive Learning Environments 8(3), 211-227. Lefoe, G. (1998). Creating constructivist learning on environments on the web: the challenge in higher education. Wollongong: ASCILITE'98 Conference on Flexibility, The Next Wave?, 453-464. Retrieved February 17, 2007 from http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/wollongong98/asc98-pdf/lefoe00162.pdf Lombardi, M. (2007) Authentic Learning for the Twenty-First Century: An overview. Educause Learning Initiative. ELI Paper 1: 2007 Retrieved January 22, 2011, from http://alicechristie.org/classes/530/EduCause.pdf Lombardi, M. (2008) Making the grade: The role of assessment in authentic learning.Educause Learning Initiative. ELI Paper 1: 2008 Retrieved January 22, 2011 from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3019.pdf Means, B., & Haertel, G. D. (Eds.)(2004). Using technology evaluation to enhance student learning. New York: Teachers College Press. Means, B and Olsen, K. (1994) The link between technology and authentic learning. Retrieved February 1, 2011 from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/ehost/detail?hid=105&sid=25f8789b-9eb0-47cc-a454-4cbb284eb635%40sessionmgr104&vid=2&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=ulh&AN=9406171562 Miles, D. (2004, September 30). Simulation Prepares Soldier-Medics for Combat. Retrieved January 25, 2008 from the U.S. Department of Defense web site: http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=25178 Mims, C. (2003). Authentic learning: A practical introduction and guide for implementation. The Meridian Journal, 6(1), Article 6. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from http://www.ncsu.edu/meridian/win2003/authentic_learning/ Morrison, D. (2003). Using Activity Theory to Design Constructivist Learning Environments for Higher Order Thinking: A Retrospective Analysis. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 29 (3),Article 2. Retrieved February 23, 2007, from http://www.cjlt.ca/index.php/cjlt/article/view/87/81 Newmann,F and Marks, H. and Gamoran, A. (1996) Authentic Pedagogy and Student Performance. American Journal of Education, Vol. 104, No. 4, pp. 280-31 Nikitina, L. (2011). Creating an Authentic Learning Environment in the Foreign Language Classroom. International Journal of Instruction Volume 4, No 1. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011 from http://www.e-iji.net/dosyalar/iji_2011_1_3.pdf Palloff, R. & Pratt, K. (1999). Building learning communities in cyberspace: Effective strategies for the online classroom. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. Velasco, J. (2008, January 17). Student-created film goes to Muslim website. Retrieved January 21, 2008 from the Quaker Campus web site: http://media.www.quakercampus.org/media/storage/paper1281/news/2008/01/17/Ae/StudentCreated.Film.Goes.To.Popular.Muslim.Website-3156154.shtml Warner, W.B. (n.d.). Retrieved January 25, 2008 from the English 197: Digitalizing Culture web site: http://transcriptions.english.ucsb.edu/archive/courses/warner/english197/student.html Windham, C (2007) Why today's students value authentic learning. ELI Paper 9. Retrieved Feb 2, 2011 from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI3017.pdf External Resources and Links Foundation coalition (2011)Retrieved January 29, 2011 from http://www.foundationcoalition.org/home/keycomponents/assessment_evaluation.html Website for E-Learn (2006) Keynote: Links and Resources. Authentic e-learning in higher education. Retrieved 5 March 2007, from http://edserver2.uow.edu.au/~janh/Elearn/Site/Authentic%20design.html Links to Authentic Learning Environments Bugscope is an online learning environment for K-12 students who are interested in the scientific study of bugs. Chickscope is an online learning environment for K-12 students who are interested in the scientific study of the life cycle of a chicken. Visible Human Project is a detailed, 3-d anatomically correct representation of human male and female bodies The weather visualizeris a sophisticated website that integrates current and archived weather statistics with instructional resources using new technologies Go North is a Live-site that allows participants to join a real team of Arctic researchers as they dogsled their way through adventure learning. Australia's Authentic Learning Homepage contains a variety of useful ideas and research based activities for the classroom Virtual Volcano allows participants to explore the history and science behind volcanism as you change parameters and create your own 3-d eruptions.

Burning sage, also known as smudging, is a practice that involves burning sage leaves and allowing the smoke to waft around a space to purify and cleanse the area. Sage has been used for centuries for its healing properties and strong aroma, making it a popular alternative medicine and spirituality choice. Table of Contents What is Sage, and Why Do People Burn It? Sage is a herb with grey-green leaves that is widely used for medicinal and spiritual purposes. The practice of burning sage is believed to promote spiritual health by cleansing negative energy, removing harmful influences, and creating a peaceful and calming atmosphere. The use of sage is becoming increasingly popular as people look for ways to connect with their spirituality and improve their well-being. The History and Origins of Burning Sage The practice of burning sage is deeply rooted in different cultures around the world. Sage was used in ancient Egypt as a medicinal herb to treat all kinds of ailments, including respiratory problems and infections. Sage was also used in ancient Greece and Rome for its healing properties. The Native American tradition of smudging involves burning sage or other herbs to cleanse and bless people, places, and objects. The tradition has been passed down from generation to generation and is still practiced by many Native American tribes today. The Spiritual Meaning and Symbolism of Sage Sage has a rich spiritual meaning and is associated with various symbolism that varies depending on the culture and tradition. In Native American culture, sage is considered a sacred herb and is believed to be a powerful tool for connecting with the spirit world. The herb is seen as a way to communicate with ancestors and spirit guides, as well as to cleanse negative energy and promote healing. In other cultures, sage is seen as a symbol of wisdom, as the strong aroma of the herb is believed to have a calming and grounding effect on the mind and body. Sage is also seen as a way to protect against negative energy and to promote positive vibes and harmony. How to Burn Sage for Spiritual Purposes Burning sage is a simple practice, but there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure that it is done safely and effectively. The first step is to obtain a smudge stick, which is a bundle of dried herbs tied together with string. You will also need a heat-proof container, such as a shell or a bowl, to catch any ashes that may fall. To prepare the sage, you will need to light the tip of the smudge stick and allow it to burn for a few seconds before blowing out the flame. You should then hold the smudge stick over the heat-proof container and allow the smoke to waft around the room. Make sure to direct the smoke into the corners and crevices of the space to ensure that it is fully cleansed. When you are finished, make sure to extinguish the smudge stick completely by pressing it into the heat-proof container or snuffing it out in sand. It is important to be mindful of fire safety when burning sage and to never leave the smudge stick unattended. The Benefits of Burning Sage Burning sage is believed to offer a range of benefits for spiritual health, including cleansing negative energy, purifying spaces, promoting healing, and creating a calming atmosphere. Some people also use sage for relaxation, stress relief, and improved sleep. Alternatives to Burning Sage For those who are unable to burn sage or prefer not to use it, there are alternative options, such as using essential oils, diffusing incense, or burning palo santo wood. Burning sage is a powerful and meaningful spiritual practice that has been used for centuries. Understanding sage’s history, spiritual meaning, and symbolism can help people connect with their spirituality and promote their overall well-being.

What does early research into the pandemic show us? There have been small amounts of research about the immediate impact and the challenges our ‘Little Lockdowners’ are facing. Albeit a significantly relevant topic area, there is still very little support and advice available to help those working with and supporting the development and attainment of primary learners post-pandemic. The National Foundation for Education Research (NFER) said its study confirmed: “Year 2 pupils had significantly lower achievement in both reading and maths in autumn 2020 when compared to performance seen in year 2 in the autumn term of 2017. This represents a Covid-19 gap of around two months’ progress for both reading and maths.” The NFER study indicates the importance of improving the resources, guidance and support available in order to raise attainment levels in primary learners: “These bleak findings once again emphasise the pressing need for more support for children whose education has been disrupted by the pandemic. There is still little detail provided about the immediate plans to support educators, but it will need to be substantial in order to address the scale of the challenges that lie ahead.” Research also highlights the sheer impact the pandemic has had upon children’s wellbeing. A report by the DFE provided an in-depth picture of the experiences of children and young people during the pandemic and how it has affected their wellbeing. Some of the key challenges identified included, isolation from friends and family, the impact of remote learning and interaction and heightened anxiety, stress and worry. What interventions can be implemented to support children post-pandemic? Drawing on their experience, research and background in education, our expert speakers, Rachel Clarke, Dr. Ems Lord, Hugo Shephard, and Simon Hunt suggest practical ways to support the raising attainment in primary learners aged 4-11 years. Reading Time: < 1 minute Watch reading expert, Rachel Clarke and Primary Teacher and Educational Consultant, Simon Hunt, as they explore the impact of the pandemic on reading in the primary years. In this exclusive TTS Talking Q&A, educators will discover practical ways to encourage reading for pleasure in the classroom and at home. Reading Time: < 1 minute Founder and Managing Director of Role Models, Hugo Shephard, discusses what impact the pandemic has had upon social and emotional wellbeing with Simon Hunt, Primary Teacher and Education Consultant. Find out what interventions educators, parents and caregivers can implement to better support children’s mental health and wellbeing and what Reading Time: < 1 minute Dr. Ems Lord, Director of NRICH, the University of Cambridge’s Multiple Award-winning Outreach Mathematics Programme, shares the importance of mathematics within primary education and how it can be embedded across various cross-curricular activities. Watch Ems Lord and Simon Hunt discuss practical ways to engage primary learners in this subject More about the experts: Rachel Clarke, Experienced Educational Trainer, Author, and Director of the Primary English Education Consultancy Dr. Ems Lord – Director of NRICH, the University of Cambridge’s Multiple Award-winning Outreach Mathematics Programme, past-president of The Mathematical Association and Ambassador for Maths Week England Hugo Shephard, Founder and Managing Director of Education Provider, Role Models Simon Hunt, Primary Teacher, Speaker and Education Consultant.

Are the words and the speech of the righteous different or more powerful than that of ordinary people? Why would this be? The Talmudic Sages taught (Brachot 6b), “A G‑d fearing person’s words are heard and accepted, as it is written (Ecc. 12:13), ‘In the end, all having been heard, fear G‑d and keep His commandments, for this is the entire man’”. Furthermore, based on various readings of this verse, the Sages presented three observations: The world was created for only such a person. He is equivalent to the entire world. The entire world was created only to hearken to him. Why are the words of such a person heard more than that of other people? For one, a G‑d fearing person is humbled before G‑d and man. This enables people to accept his words. It is the nature of people to oppose and reject the ideas and words of the haughty and the arrogant because it threatens their sense of self-worth and is demeaning. However, the non-threatening humility of the righteous is so disarming that people generally find it pleasurable to listen to them. Another reason is that the ideas and words of ordinary people are jaded by self-interest, personal desires, and imperfect character traits. Thus, the words of even a well-meaning person are naturally suspect of bias and subjectivity. However, the extent to which a righteous person is free of all that, his perspective and words on any matter are naturally regarded with more sincerity, insight, and truth. In addition, an ancient Jewish adage asserts that “words which emerge from the heart, enter the heart”. This means that while vacuous words of no substance are not even heard by the ears, sincere, earnest, heartfelt, substantive ideas penetrate deep into the heart of the listener. And since the righteous speak from a pure, un-occluded heart, their words have a profound effect on others. The previous explanations are based on the understanding that the verse refers to the words of the righteous being heard and accepted by other people. However, the fact that the words of the G‑d fearing are heard applies as well to being accepted in the metaphysical realm. One example would be through the venue of prayer. A pure and pious person’s speech is very spiritual. It is thus able to penetrate the supernal realms and rise directly before G‑d. Such pristine and powerful prayer is heard, received and granted by He whom the righteous fears. Another example of this would be regarding the way in which the righteous are actually able, with their “power of speech”, to make decrees that can be realized in the heavenly or worldly realms. This is because, through “aligning” themselves with G‑d, they actually become G‑dlike, whereby their will, insofar as it is in tune with the Will of G‑d, is acted upon by G‑d in order to bring the will of the righteous into being. This is exemplified by another proverbial teaching in Jewish sources: “The tzaddik decrees and G‑d fulfills”. This understanding is particularly harmonious with one of the observations of the Sages mentioned above, namely that the entire world was created in order to hearken to the G‑d fearing person. However, since the word for hearken in this teaching is l’ztavot, which can also mean “join”, an additional meaning is that it is fitting for the entire world to join or attach themselves to a righteous, G‑d fearing person. In so doing, one would be connecting himself to the earnest, enlightening, and inspiring influence of his speech, the transformative power of which, through prayer and blessings, makes a better world for all.

The products and services mentioned below were selected independent of sales and advertising. However, Simplemost may receive a small commission from the purchase of any products or services through an affiliate link to the retailer's website. Named for Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, where Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first successful controlled powered airplane flights in 1903, the USS Kitty Hawk is an aircraft carrier that was first launched in 1960. After nearly 50 years in service, the Navy decommissioned the first-in-class ship in 2009. It spent the bulk of its retirement at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. Then, early in 2021, the ship was moved into dry dock to remove marine growth from the hull. Now, thelast oil-fired Navy aircraft carrier (modern carriers are nuclear-powered) has embarked on its final voyage. The massive naval vessel departed Naval Base Kitsap-Bremerton, Washington, on Jan. 15, heading to a ship-breaking facility in Texas. As noted in this Twitter post, the Navy sold the Kitty Hawk and a second aircraft carrier to the company, International Shipbreaking Ltd., for only one cent apiece. “USS Kitty Hawk today started her final voyage from Bremerton to a scrapyard in Texas. Built for $264 million in 1961 ($2.5 billion in 2021), the Kitty Hawk was sold to the scrap company for the bargain price of 1 cent. For another penny, the company also got USS John F. Kennedy,” tweeted the U.S. Naval Institute. USS Kitty Hawk today started her final voyage from Bremerton to a scrapyard in Texas. Built for $264 million in 1961 ($2.5 billion in 2021), the Kitty Hawk was sold to the scrap company for the bargain price of 1 cent. For another penny, the company also got USS John F. Kennedy. pic.twitter.com/4gpEBcY56l — U.S. Naval Institute (@NavalInstitute) January 15, 2022 The Kitty Hawk was the first carrier of its three-ship Kitty Hawk class. The other two ships in the class were either scrapped or scuttled. The Navy sold the vessel after rejecting a bid from the USS Kitty Hawk Veterans Association to convert the ship into a museum stationed at Long Beach, California. The association could only raise about half of the amount required to decontaminate, develop and maintain the ship as a museum. Although it gained a reputation for being a difficult posting due to age and shoddy workmanship, Kitty Hawk participated in combat operations around the world, including six tours in Vietnam and operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. It was also used in countless missions, including testing to determine whether U-2 spy planes could be launched from the deck of a carrier. It even survived a collision with a Soviet submarine. The aircraft carrier was also the first to be awarded a Presidential Unit Citation. Here’s a post from @Military Armed Forces showing the ship starting off for Texas. USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), departed Bremerton for a 16,000-mile journey around South America for its ultimate fate: scrapping at a Texas shipyard. (EP.2) pic.twitter.com/ZqWW51BXyZ — Military Armed Forces (@Military9Army) January 17, 2022 The ship will travel 16,000 miles to its last destination, rounding the South American continent. At more than 280 feet wide, it’s too large to pass through the Panama Canal. The trip could take 130 days or longer to complete.

Who is Roger Bacon? Information on English philosopher Roger Bacon biography, life story, his career and works Roger Bacon; (1214-1292), English philosopher and man of science, who helped lay the foundations of modern scientific thinking. He was aware of the interrelatedness of all the separate sciences and of the contributions that science makes to the understanding of reality. He explained the role of experience and experiment in confirming or refuting speculative hypotheses. He insisted on the practical value of scientific speculation and believed in the importance of an ethical system or moral philosophy to crown the whole edifice of scientific thought and to determine the uses to which scientific knowledge should be put. Youth and Middle Years: There is little reliable information about his life except what may be gleaned incidentally from his writings. He was born in England, and his early studies were in the faculty of arts at the University of Oxford, where he also taught for some years. In the early 1240’s he went to Paris, where he taught in the faculty of arts at the University of Paris. Bacon’s method in his lectures and writings of these years is scholastic, and there is no evidence at this time of any special interest in science, nor is it likely that he ever attained sufficient competence in theology to become a doctor of theology. Indeed, in later life he objected to the prevailing method of studying theology by propounding theological questions and answering them. Instead, he believed in using the Scriptures to fortify faith. After teaching for several years at Paris, he became acquainted with the pseudo-Aristotelian Secretum secretorum, which appears to have been instrumental in turning his attention to science. He was especially impressed with the aid that science might give to religion, and thereafter his major interests were scientific. Returning to England about 1250, he devoted himself to scientific study. He became acquainted with all the scientific knowledge of his day, carried out some experiments, and spent as much money as he could obtain from his family and other sources to acquire scientific books and materials. About 1252 he joined the Franciscan Order, but from the beginning he appears to have been unhappy in it, although for a time he was permitted to engage in his scientific speculations and carry out systematic observations, especially on the nature of light and such natural phenomena as the rainbow. Much of his best work was done in optics, where he had access to Muslim works on the subject. In 1257 he was transferred to Paris, possibly because of personal and religious differences with his fellow friars and authorities within the order, but almost certainly not, as was once thought, by reason of his scientific studies. He regarded his transfer as a kind of imprisonment, although it did not prevent him from continuing his work, which included a treatise on the calendar. About 1266, Bacon sent a message to the new pope, Clement IV, informing him of his project for a reform of Christian education through the use of science. The pope replied, expressing his interest, but told Bacon to proceed secretly because of the Franciscan rule against unauthorized writing. At the time, Bacon was having difficulties in his Parisian convent, perhaps on account of his outspoken ways and irascible temperament and perhaps because of his general resentment at the restraints under which he was compelled to live. He lacked money and evidently did not have the support and encouragement of his order. Nevertheless he was able with great difficulty to prepare the Opus majus, which was intended to give some indication of the scope of his proposed work and which is filled with the moral fervor characteristic of most of Bacon’s writings. It contains the short works that he had available and a number of other sections rather loosely tied together into what he calls a persuasion, a book intended to persuade the pope of the value of his investigations. In addition to the Opus majus, he sent the pope a shorter work, the Opus minus, which probably had been intended originally as a digest but had grown in the preparation to contain considerable new material. The pope died shortly afterward, and it is not known whether he ever read the works. Bacon probably returned to England soon after the death of his patron. He did not do much more writing, although a highly polemical work, dated 1272, directed against theologians and other opponents is extant, which may have produced difficulties for Bacon within his order. A late chronicle reveals that he was imprisoned for “suspected novelties” by the general of his order. But it is difficult to discover any such “novelties” in his work, which does not differ greatly from that of his time, except in its emphasis. The imprisonment, if it ever took place, was probably for reasons unconnected with his scientific work. He was in any case freed before his death. He left an incomplete compendium of theology, which appears to be the effort of a tired old man and contains little that is original or interesting. During his many years of scientific study, Bacon made it his business to discover all that could be known, and it seems clear that although he did some experimental work himself, his real claim to fame rests on his achievements as a scientific thinker and synthesist of other men’s work. He has been variously credited with the discovery of gunpowder, eyeglasses, the telescope, and other important inventions. His works certainly describe these things, but he does not give himself credit for their invention, although he understood the principles on which they are based. His fame as a magician dates from later centuries, not his own.

Who was William Robertson Smith? Information about William Robertson Smith biography, life story, works and contributions. William Robertson Smith; (1846-1894), Scottish Semitic scholar and encyclopedist whose controversial ideas on biblical scholarship caused him to be removed from his professorship. His studies on marriage and religion in the Middle East were influential in the fields of sociology and comparative religion. Smith was born in Keig, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on November 8, 1846. He was educated at Aberdeen University (1861-1866) and studied for the ministry at New College, Edinburgh (1866-1870). Smith also studied at Bonn and Gottingen in the summers of 1867 and 1869, respectively. He was ordained in the Free Church of Scotland shortly after his appointment as professor of Oriental languages at the Free Church College of Aberdeen in 1870. Smith’s articles Angel and Bible, which he prepared for the 9th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, aroused considerable controversy because they introduced notions of higher biblical criticism common on the Continent but as yet unknown in Britain. In June 1877 the assembly of the Free Church suspended him from his position because they felt his ideas were unsuited for one preparing students for the ministry. He demanded a formal trial, and after long and involved proceedings the charges were withdrawn in 1880. Controversy again arose in 1881 over his article Hebrew Language and Literature in Britannica. In May of that year he was removed from his professorship. Smith was appointed coeditor with Spencer Baynes of Encyclopaedia Britannica in June 1881, and after Baynes’ death completed the 9th edition in 1888. He was appointed Lord Almoner’s professor of Arabic at Cambridge in 1883 and became a fellow of Christ’s College in 1885. In 1886 he assumed the post of university librarian at Cambridge, relinquishing that in 1889 to become Sir Thomas Adam’s professor of Arabic. Smith died in Cambridge on March 31, 1894. Smith published his most important sociological work, Kinship and Marriage in Early Arabia, in 1885. In it, he held that the idea of kinship should be spoken of more in terms of rights and duties than in terms of actual consanguinity. His Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (1889) was his most original and influential work on comparative religion. Smith believed that religion is an integral part of organized social life and that beliefs are derived from the customs of the community and are not the results of intellectual activity. Thus, for him, rite and practice precede doctrine. In this he held that religion closely parallels the structure of political institutions, which also precede the political theory that explains them.

What is Stud Welding? Stud welding is a fast, reliable and accurate method of welding a metal fastener to another metal object. The resultant weld joint is stronger than the stud or parent material. Improved product design is achieved since reverse marking is eliminated and the area around the stud is flat and clean. In order to weld the stud, access is only required from one side which means that component handling is reduced. Welds are also leakproof and tamper proof, and since no holes are punched in the sheet, corrosion problems are reduced and the work piece is not weakened. Stud welding can also be used on single sided pre-coated polished or painted materials. The fastener can be made from many metals or alloys. Stud welding benefits : Fast attachment. No reverse marking. The welded joint is stronger than the parent material or the stud. Access is only required from one side. No holes hence no leaking or weakening of the sheet. Tamperproof. Pre-coated or painted materials can be welded. The equipment is portable and easily jigged. In fact Stud welding overcomes all of the disadvantages of the following problems. Problems with Alternative Fixing and Drilling and Tapping: These processes are very slow. Thicker parent material and longer studs are required. They can eventually work loose. They can crack paint and leave unsightly stains. Holes need to be deburred in parent material. The reverse side is not always clean and flat. The parent material is weakened The process is slow. Holes need to be punched and deburred in parent material. The excess weld needs grinding off for a clean flat finish. The parent material is weakened by holes. Requires two handed assembly and access from both sides. Holes need to be punches and deburred in parent material. Bolt heads are unsightly and stains can come from the bolt holes. The assembly is not leakproof and the parent material is weakened by the presence Capacitor Discharge "CD" Welding Processes are charged to a pre-set voltage to suit the diameter to be welded. The stud pip is placed into contact with the sheet. the stored energy is discharged as a high current pulse, melting the pip and producing an arc. pressure forges the stud into the molten surface area on the sheet to give complete fusion across the flange. specifically for thin gauge materials where reverse marking must be minimal. Sheet surface should be clean and flat. Stud has a weld Stud Diameter 1mm - M10 cost equipment, low cost studs, fast to load and weld, easy to jig and automate, small light equipment, no ferrules or shrouding gas required, good weld results with aluminium or brass in addition to mild and stainless steel. Weld is clean and requires no finishing Thickness 0.7mm & above Requirements Single Phase 240/110 Volt Drawn Arc "DA" Welding Processes and weld time is pre-set to suit the diameter to be welded. The stud is then placed on the plate triggering, a pilot arc occurs as the stud lifts to a pre-set height. main arc then melts the weld end of the stud and creates a molten pool in the plate spring pressure forges the stud into the molten pool. The ferrule contains the molten metal and shapes the fillet strong penetrative welds are achieved with this process. Ferrules required to contain and shape molten metal. Weld end of stud is through parent material laminations, tolerates surface curvature and imperfections e.g. light rust, scale, grease and some coatings. Gives neat and controlled weld fillet. The only method of stud welding large diameters. This process also lends itself to multi-gun applications. Thickness 2mm & above Requirements Three Phase 415 Volt Short Cycle "SC" Welding Processes is the same as for Drawn Arc, but operates over a much shorter time period - up to 100 milliseconds. Ceramic arc shields (ferrules) are not required with this process, but shrouding with gas can improve weld fillet formation especially when welding stainless steel studs. Capacitor Discharge studs may be used. penetrative welds than CD and is suitable for hot rolled/coated process is more tolerant than CD of uneven or dirty surfaces. Can be easily automated and can utilise low cost CD studs. Ferrules are not required, however shrouding gas improves weld spatter Thickness 1.5mm & above Requirements Three Phase 415 Volt

In the heart of Chicago, in the year 2006, a group of scientists embarked on an awe-inspiring journey into the realm of biomechanical innovation. Their creation was nothing short of astonishing: a thought-controlled robotic arm, seamlessly integrated with the wearer’s nervous system. This groundbreaking prosthetic limb operated in perfect harmony with the user’s thoughts, effectively mimicking the functionality of a natural arm and hand. While this technological marvel may seem like the pinnacle of modern scientific achievement, there exists a fascinating parallel in ancient folklore, one that takes us back to the British Isles and the mystic world of Irish mythology. Within this rich tapestry of tales, we find the enigmatic figure of Dian C cht, a divine physician with an extraordinary reputation. According to Irish lore, Dian C cht possessed an extensive knowledge of herbs capable of healing both body and soul. Whether it was the wounded warriors of battlefields, those suffering from childbirth or miscarriage, or individuals plagued by relentless headaches and maladies, they all sought solace and healing in the benevolent hands of Dian C cht. Dian C cht, often hailed as the “Physician of the Gods,” was a prominent figure among the Tuatha de Danann, a semi-divine group in Irish mythology known for their supernatural origins and incredible abilities. Legend has it that these otherworldly beings descended upon Ireland, riding on ominous dark clouds. One of the most renowned episodes in Dian C cht’s extraordinary medical career involved the healing of King Nuada, who had sustained a grievous injury in battle. During the tumultuous conflict, Nuada lost his arm, a calamity that had profound implications for his rule, for kings were required to be physically flawless in that era. Thus, Nuada was compelled to relinquish his kingship temporarily. It was during this period of regal hiatus that Dian C cht, the celestial physician, crafted an arm for Nuada, fashioning it out of silver. Henceforth, King Nuada was known as “Nuada of the Silver Hand” or “Nuada of the Silver Arm.” The question that lingers, however, is whether this tale of Dian C cht is purely a myth, as asserted by mainstream historians, or if it conceals a deeper truth. Could Nuada’s silver arm have been an early incarnation of advanced bionic technology, similar to the cutting-edge prosthetics of today? And, intriguingly, could Dian C cht himself have been an extraterrestrial being? This notion invites us to consider the possibilities within this ancient legend. According to the account, Dian C cht’s silver arm was not merely a cosmetic enhancement but a fully functional limb. Could this be evidence of early prosthetic technology that existed in the distant past? The voices of ancient astronaut theorists suggest that this might indeed be the case. Giorgio Tsoukalos, a prominent figure in this realm of inquiry, points out the remarkable aspects of Dian C cht’s legend. He draws attention to the functional nature of the silver arm, raising the possibility that advanced prosthetics may have existed in antiquity. David Childress adds to the intrigue by highlighting the advanced medical knowledge embedded in these legends, knowledge that parallels our own modern medical discoveries, which took centuries to develop. The tantalizing question remains: if these ancient accounts do hold grains of truth, where did such advanced knowledge and technology originate? Could it have been bestowed upon humanity by extraterrestrial entities, as the theorists suggest? In revisiting these captivating stories from antiquity, we are confronted with the enigma of advanced medical marvels and the mysterious origins of human knowledge. Whether rooted in history or myth, these narratives continue to inspire curiosity and provoke us to contemplate the extraordinary possibilities that may lie hidden within the annals of our past.

After less than 6 years after performing the world’s first positron emission tomography (PET) scan on a standing horse, the University of California, Davis, has put the latest standing equine PET scanner into operation. The MILEPET replaces the piPET scanner, which initially was developed to image the human brain. The MILEPET allows UC Davis to improve the detection of injuries of the equine limbs without the need for the horses to undergo general anesthesia during imaging. The first clinical case to use the MILEPET scanner was a mule that was included in a clinical trial that aims to combine standing PET with standing MRI. Jool, the mule, has chronic tendon lesions that initially improved with stem cell therapy; however, her lameness recurred. The scan revealed that in addition to the tendon lesion, Jool’s navicular bone is a source of pain. The active bone turnover was not apparent on the MRI. The finding led farrier Shane Westman to modify Joo’s shoeing to protect the navicular bone. The scanner is now part of a study that aims to assess the progression of laminitis. To optimally manage trimming and shoeing of these horses, Westman relies on imaging techniques. “The standing PET scanner will allow us to offer this cutting-edge modality to more cases than we could before,” says Dr. Mathieu Spriet, who led the UC Davis team that developed the use of the PET scan technique. “Repeating scans on the same patient will help us optimize treatment and rehabilitation for better outcomes.” The scanner is made possible because of funding support from the UC Davis Center for Equine Health and the Stronach Group, which uses a scanner at its Santa Anita Park. A team of veterinary specialists, scientists and farriers at the University of California, Davis are using a surgical laser as an innovative form of treatment for advanced cases of white line disease. The University of California-Davis veterinary hospital recently acquired a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner, becoming the first veterinary facility in the world to utilize the imaging technology for equine patients. The University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine has successfully used positron emission tomography (PET) on a standing horse.

This tutorial demonstrates how to control your Lego EV3 robot with one finger dragging on the screen. From the middle of the screen, you drag the small icon forward and robot will go forward, drag icon backward and robot will go backward, so is left and right, etc. You can learn how to transfer touch point’s coordinate into robot’s motor speed. Notice: You don’t have to write a program for the EV3, just power it on and pair with your Android phone. App Inventor’s EV3 components can talk to Lego EV3 brick with a special protocol called Lego EV3 Direct Command. These commands are actually byte arrays which can be executed directly by Lego EV3 bricks. Lego EV3 components were developed by CAVEDU Education and merged to official AI2 in 2016. Core component of this project: Please assemble your robot like Figure 1, if you are not familiar with Lego brick, please check this assembly tutorial (use lesser parts) or Lego Official TRACK3R building tutorial (use far more parts). If your robot looks a little different, that’s fine. Just make sure the two motors (attach to port B and C) are on the opposite side of robot. This kind of robot base is called a differential drive platform because the robot’s behavior can be easily adjusted according to the motor speed. For instance, the robot will go forward with both motors moving at the same speed and will turn right with the left motor moving a little slower than the right motor. Figure 1a. dual-wheel robot platform Figure 1b. Use tracks to make your robot cooler (Image source: Lego.com) Take a look of a real cool Lego robot! Figure 1c~1e. physical photo of Lego track robot. Power on your EV3 and pair it with your Android phone (default key: 1234). You can check whether the robot’s EV3 is on with the Bluetooth icon at the upper-left screen corner. Figure 1c, 1d. Check EV3 Bluetooth is turned on. Now log into MIT App Inventor site and create a new project. In the Designer page of App Inventor platform, please add these components and place them as shown in Figure 2. For details, please refer to Table 1. For connection, the ListPicker selects a paired Bluetooth device, your Lego EV3 in this case. A Disconnect button closes the Bluetooth connection with Lego EV3. There is a canvas with a ball component inside, user can drag this ball to drive the robot moving around. Note: Ball1 is in Canvas1, since we set its Visible property to false, then you can not see it on Designer. Figure 2. Designer Table 1. Required components of this project This project used several variables: We use a ListPicker to show paired devices with your Android device and connect to it by selecting in the Listpicker. This is a better approach and less chance of type error for user to input EV3’s bluetooth address in a TextBox. Before we click the Listpicker, we must set its elements first(ListPicker1.BeforePicking event). Here we have to set its element to paired devices (BluetoothClient1.AddressAndNames). Figure 4a. Initialize and what’s inside the ListPicker Click to open the ListPicker, we are going to connect (BluetoothClient1.Connect) our paired EV3 by selecting it (ListPicker1.AfterPicking). If connect successfully, Listpicker will be disabled, and Ball1 will show up at the center of Canvas, means user can touch the canvas to drive the robot. Figure 4b. Select an item to connect to Lego EV3 This is the largest code of this project, including three parts: Let’s discuss them in detail: First take a look of the relationship of these variables. We would like to transfer the current touch point coordinate to motors’ speed. According the figure below: The origin of canvas is at the top-left corner not the center, so we have to shift the origin: representing by _X and _Y: And for theta and r, we will use trigonometric function to calculate the angle theta. which means with larger r with, this will make your robot more controllable and fun. We want the ball component to follow our finger movement, so use Ball.MoveTo command with x as currentX and y as currentY. And calculate speedL and speedR by the follow equation and show these two values on Screen title. Use Ev3Motor.RotateIndefinitely command to control rightmotor(B) and left motor (C). Finally, our Canvas.Dragged event is finished: In our case, we wish the robot will stop when our finger is no longer touch the screen. Therefore in Canvas.TouchUp event, we use two Ev3Motor.Stop(set useBrake to true) command to stop two motors and let the ball component return to the canvas center. Figure 6. Set power variable to slider’s thumb position. When Button_Disconnect is pressed (Button_Disconnect.Click event), we tell BluetoothClient to disconnect from EV3 brick and set listpicker and ball to original status, ready for the next connection. Like Figure 8. Figure 7. Disconnect from Bluetooth device Once you have paired your device with EV3 robot, then press its power button and check that the EV3’s BT is switched on. Press the [Choose your EV3] listpicker and choose the name of the paired EV3 to connect, you will see the ball appeared when connected successfully. Please click each button to see how robot moves and also drag the slider to adjust motor power. App starts up like Figure 9, please click Connect ListPicker and select your EV3 (figure 10). Click and connect successfully, you can click the five buttons in the middle of the app to control your robot. Enjoy! Click Disconnect button to close the Bluetooth connection with EV3, Figure9a. robot goes forward with left/right motor speed (51, 56) Figure 9b. robot turns right with left/right motor speed (-20, 56)

The roof of Euston Station in London is the large-scale architectural setting for the virtual application of the comprehensive Metaplas system, created by students from the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. As part of an investigation carried out in Research Cluster 8 (RC8) of the Master's program in Architectural Design, students developed a 3D printed multimaterial system from biodegradable and recyclable thermoplastics. Transforming a series of flat panels into complex three-dimensional forms, students created a structural system with geometric folds that allows for passive control of the lighting of interior spaces. Contemporary design and construction methods often lack a model for unifying design, materiality, structural requirements, and fabrication through digital tools. Responding to this lack, Metaplas is the result of the search to achieve an integral architectural system through digitization. In addition, the system can be manufactured in an environmentally friendly and ethical way, and may offer economic benefits as well. For example, in the case of Euston Station, recycling and 3D printing facilities located within a defined radius from the site were mapped and identified to promote the development of the local economy. From extensive research on materials for 3D printing, Bartlett School of Architecture students identified two potential recyclable thermoplastics—rigid PLA (polylactic acid) and flexible filament TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane)—optimal for achieving a multi-material folding panel. The panel is 3D printed flat and turned into a three-dimensional object through an integrated system of patterns. The panel folds, which make up the structure, are secured by a cable system and a clip closure mechanism, which facilitates assembly, disassembly, and maintenance. According to the team, "bending was enhanced as a geometric tool through a custom process, which involves structural analysis prior to bending. Areas that require more structure are the densest in bends, while areas that are inherently structural are scarcer." Likewise, the integration of thermochromic plastics is proposed through a micro pattern embedded in each panel. This type of plastic stands out for its pigmentation, which allows the material to change color as the temperature changes. Its application achieves passive control over the lighting of interior spaces, improving environmental comfort and also generating a sense of directionality in the space. In addition to the multiple environmental, technological, and economic benefits, the Metaplas system is presented as an interesting reference for how a structural system can be effective from a micro-scale to a macro-scale, demonstrating that the strength and flexibility of the structure does not depend on size. Check out more details of the project here.

Asset Tracking is the business in which RFID and NFC are used for the same purpose but also, they are very similar to each other. RFID and NFC, from their overlapping functionality, can easily confuse you. In this article, we will discuss some of the similarities and differences between RFID and NFC; highlighting the specific uses where each technology excels. On the social scale of technology NFC is the latest trend than RFID. Both RFID and NFC use radio waves to transmit information, like any other wireless standard like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. RFID is an acronym for Radio Frequency Identification, is the center for all kinds of contactless communication. NFC is definitely a subset of RFID but operates within the high frequency (HF) range of the RFID spectrum. RFID and NFC are based on the same underlying technology, but they differ in many important ways. What is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)? RFID is a technology which enables digital data encoded in RFID tags (smart labels) is captured and read through radio waves. In RFID the data from a tag is captured through a reader device and transferred to store in a database. Recommend To Read: The Definitive Guide to Asset Management & Tracking with NFC RFID Asset Tracking: Using RFID built reader in a computer system, you can easily scan more than one asset without physically seeing them. In the RFID Asset management process, the RFID reader can get accurate scans even if it is kilometers away. With this technology, it is very easy for a person to get dozens of scans in just a few seconds. The RFID tag can store maintenance activities related to information and sensor data that can be read and written by a field technician. Multiple advantages of RFID asset tracking are: - Reading multiple tags at a time - Tags can be integrated with sensors and GPS technology - Improved asset security through real-time alerts and alarms - Time spend over inventory information can be reduced - Important service information can be stored on the assets itself What is NFC (Near Field Communication)? NFC stands for Near Field Communication; it is a subset of RFID. It is an extension of high frequency (HF) RFID, which is characterized by simple tags that work in very short range (typically half an inch). The technology used for working of NFC is based on previous RFID ideas, i.e. use of electromagnetic induction to transmit information. NFC Asset Tracking: With an NFC tag attached to each asset, manages the information and the data is read by NFC phone. Through NFC Tracking, it is possible to track which asset has been tagged, who is reading the tag, its geolocation with its actual trace time. Advantages of NFC in asset tracking: - You can scan NFC tags with mobile devices - Capable of two-way communication - Communication is of low proximity, few centimeters - Scan of one NFC tag at a time What is the major difference of RFID and NFC in Asset Tracking? On their working: RFID: It is typically a three-part system. NFC: It is a single device and can act as both. On their frequency range: RFID: It has 3 frequency range. - Low frequency (LF) 125-134 kHz; range - up to 10 cm - High frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz; range - up to 30 cm - Ultra-high frequency (UHF) 856-960 MHz; range - up to 100 m Time for connection is less than 1 milliseconds. Its tag reader is fixed infrastructure reader and handheld reader. NFC: It has a high frequency (HF) 13.56 MHz of RFID, but it ranges from 0 cm to 10 cm. Time for connection is less than 1 milliseconds. Its tag reader is one i.e., smartphone. Missed To Read: What Is Asset Management Compliance? - A Detailed Guide On their essentials: RFID: It is an item centric. Talking about history, it was invented in the 1980s. RFID improves on printed barcodes. It does not require line of sight. It has increased read range. They can be read quickly in batches. It ID's which are stored and transmitted is simple. Inventory is tracked through the supply chain. It creates loss prevention. NFC: It Is user-centric. It was invented in recent time in the year 2002. NFC improves on QR codes. This doesn't require any line of sight. This has increased security with added intelligence. It can store and transmit multiple data types and also adds utility to the products during their use. It creates product authentication. On their types: RFID: RFID: There are two types- - Active - The active RFID owns a power source and has a broadcast range of up to 100 m. it is ideal for the material location. - Passive - The passive RFID does not own any power source instead it is powered by a reader. It has a read range from near contact of up to 25 m. NFC: There are two types- - Active - The active NFC device, for example, a smartphone, it does not collect any information from NFC tag, but it can rather exchange information with other compatible phones or devices. It can also alter the information in NFC tag if authorized. - Passive - The passive NFC device, for example, an NFC tag, contains information read by other devices. It cannot read any information on its own. It only transmits information to other devices. RFID and NFC are basically doing the same thing in asset tracking but technically they are different. NFC is an advanced version of RFID you can say. Many of times RFID is beneficial and, in many cases, NFC is more appropriate. You can track your assets more keenly and accurately with NFC asset tracking. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 1. Is NFC the same as RFID? No, RFID and NFC are not the same things but these two are similar wireless communication technologies, used in many cases. Where RFID has 3 levels of frequency ranges for its communication and NFC is an HF wireless communication technology with a very short range of up to 10 cm. 2. Which is better NFC or RFID? RFID and NFC both have their own beneficial qualities in respect of asset tracking. Their service results will depend upon your requirement of work. You can choose between both, according to your priorities and requirements. 3. Can NFC be used as RFID? Yes, NFC can be used as RFID. NFC can surely fulfill the purpose of RFID to track and trace items or products. It is a communication technology between two devices. 4. What can you do with NFC tags? NFC (Near Field Communication) tags are small integrated circuits that are designed for storing information which can further be retrieved by NFC-enabled devices example, smartphones. NFC tags can be small stickers in round or square shapes. 5. What are the advantages of NFC? NFC is a short-range wireless technology which allows the exchange of data between two devices. It allows exchange between short distances only about four inches (10 cm). 6. Is NFC necessary? NFC allows the exchange or transfer of data when the two devices are very close to each other. It is an advanced version of RFID. No, NFC is not actually necessary, but people do prefer the built-in feature compared to the app they need to download. 7. Is NFC faster than RFID? Yes, NFC is faster than that of RFID. The range of NFC is 10 cm. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz and at rates up to 424 kbit/s.

Within Frombork’s massive walls, the astronomer settled down to write his treatise describing a heliocentric (Sun-centered) cosmos, eventually published as De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) in 1543. To this day, the great thinker rests just beneath the cathedral floor. How should we think of Copernicus’ legacy, 476 years after his death? In some ways, he was a radical: His theory forced us to think of Earth as a ball of rock whizzing through space — a shocking idea at the time. But in other ways, he was conservative, imagining the planets moving in perfectly circular orbits, just as the ancient Greeks had believed some 14 centuries earlier. In fact, On the Revolutions was, in some respects, a “tweaking” of the Almagest, the book-length treatise on the structure of the cosmos written by the Greek thinker Ptolemy in the second century. We also perhaps think of Copernicus too narrowly. His astronomical work certainly dominated the final decades of his life, so we remember him as an astronomer and mathematician. But he was also a churchman, a doctor, and an economic theorist. A national treasure The man who put the Sun in the center of the cosmos was born Niklas Koppernigk; “Copernicus” is the Latinized version of his name. Though his first language was German, he was a subject of the king of Poland. And today, Poland understandably celebrates him as one of its own. In fact, every large city in Poland seems to claim some connection to Copernicus, and statues and memorials abound. In the depths of the Wieliczka salt mine, I came across a salt sculpture of the astronomer. I rode from Toruń to Kraków aboard the Kopernik train, and his name was the Wi-Fi password at one of my hotels. In the capital, Warsaw, an enormous statue of the astronomer stands in the city center while a science center — which includes a planetarium called the Centrum Nauki Kopernik — is just a few blocks east, overlooking the Vistula River. He is everywhere. A visitor to Poland keen on walking in Copernicus’ footsteps might start in Toruń, the city of his birth, some 60 miles (96 kilometers) northwest of Warsaw. The house on Kopernika Street where he is said to have been born — a Gothic, red-brick building with an ornate façade and steep gables — is now a museum, called the Muzeum Dom Mikołaja Kopernika, or Nicolas Copernicus House Museum. The exhibits showcase Copernicus’ life and times, though the director told me Copernicus’ family owned more than one house, so there is no way to be sure the astronomer was born within these particular walls. (We do know that Copernicus’ family owned the house, beginning in 1463.) Also worth checking out is the museum in Toruń’s old city hall. Here, you will find the most famous portrait of the astronomer: the oft-reproduced painting in which the young Copernicus sports a red jerkin and jet-black hair in a surprisingly modern cut. I expected the painting to dominate whichever room it was in, but it is just the opposite — it is fairly small and hangs alongside a dozen or so portraits of historic figures in a grand hall on the second floor. More selfie-worthy is the enormous bronze statue of Copernicus on the street beside the southeast corner of the building. Copernicus was born in 1473, the son of a wealthy merchant. He studied first at the University of Kraków and later in Italy at Bologna, where he focused on canon law (laws governing the rights and responsibilities of church leaders). He later earned a medical degree at Padua, near Venice. Copernicus’ uncle, a powerful bishop, supported his education and travels after his father died in 1484. In 1497, he settled in Frombork (known as Frauenburg in Copernicus’ time) in the province of Warmia, on the Baltic Sea. There, his uncle appointed him as a canon, a position just below that of priest. After returning from Italy with his medical degree in 1510, he remained in Poland for the rest of his life. Copernicus lived comfortably in Frombork with taxes collected from the region’s tenant farmers, as well as a second income from the cathedral. His medical and administrative duties kept him busy. We know he tended to his uncle’s medical ailments, which apparently he complained about fairly frequently. He also wrote on economics, studied the problem of counterfeiting, and made recommendations on currency reform. Yet his mind was clearly focused on celestial matters. While still a student, he had taken great interest in the Moon’s occultation of the star Aldebaran in 1497 and a lunar eclipse in 1500. As his contemporary Laurentius Corvinus noted, Copernicus could discuss “the swift course of the Moon and the alternating movements of his brother [the Sun] as well as the stars together with the wandering planets — the Almighty’s marvelous creation — and he knows how to seek out the hidden causes of phenomena by the aid of wonderful principles.” The Gothic cathedral complex where Copernicus did so much of his work still looms over Frombork. Its imposing turrets and fortifications rest on foundations dating to the 14th century. Today, visitors enter via a footbridge that crosses a dry moat, leading to the massive main gate. The Bishop’s Palace at the east end of the complex is now a museum displaying artifacts relating to Copernicus’ work, including an early edition of On the Revolutions and samples of his writings on other subjects, such as economics and cartography — a reminder of his wide-ranging interests. Copernicus’ personality is harder to discern after four centuries, but in documents from that time, a generous streak is apparent, says Dava Sobel, author of A More Perfect Heaven: How Copernicus Revolutionized the Cosmos. “When he went to collect the rents from the tenant farmers, he treated them fairly,” she says. “If they were elderly, he lowered the rent. Or if they didn’t have children to help them on the farm, he would do something to help them out, like giving them a horse. . . . So it seems to me like he was a remarkably decent person.” Changing the heavens Though Copernicus would reimagine the structure of the heavens, the old geocentric (Earth-centered) system of Ptolemy was adequate for predicting planetary motion. Its picture of a stationary Earth, with the heavens whirling around, meshed with everyday experience. Yet something troubled Copernicus. For Greek thinkers like Plato, the circle was the ideal geometrical form. Planets, in the heavens, must surely move in perfect circles — an idea that Copernicus seemed to endorse. But he also believed each planet should move at a constant speed along those circles. In Ptolemy’s system, the planets moved at a constant speed only relative to an imaginary point: the equant. To Copernicus, this seemingly arbitrary construction was at odds with the spirit of Plato’s vision. What would happen, Copernicus wondered, if the Sun, rather than Earth, lay at the center of the observed motions? Perhaps now the planets might move along circular orbits at constant speeds, and still account for what was observed in the sky. (He was half-right; the planets do revolve around the Sun, but their orbits are elliptical, and they speed up and slow down as they orbit, as German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler would eventually show.) “Those two diagrams have a lot in common, including the order of the planets — except that the Sun and Earth have swapped places,” says Dennis Danielson, a historian of astronomy and a professor of English at the University of British Columbia. Danielson points out that the “calculating power” of the models — the ease of actually figuring out when a planet would be in a certain position — was about the same in the two models. Copernicus was likely driven by a sense of aesthetics, Danielson says. “This is a beautiful arrangement,” he says of Copernicus’ model, “because with the Sun in the center, the periods of the planets are now monotonic.” That is, the period of each planet’s orbit gets progressively longer as one proceeds outward, away from the Sun. Once Copernicus had made the switch, he became enamored with it. He wrote of the “marvelous symmetry of the universe” afforded by his system. As he put it in On the Revolutions: “Truly indeed does the Sun, as if seated upon a royal throne, govern his family of planets as they circle about him.” There was no going back. Among his concerns: The heliocentric model appeared to challenge what the Bible said about the workings of the cosmos. (A passage in the Book of Joshua, for example, seems to describe the Sun moving around Earth.) Copernicus wanted no part of such controversies and successfully avoided conflict; Galileo, in the next century, would not be so lucky. The Italian thinker famously provoked the ire of the Roman Catholic Church over his endorsement of the Copernican view by saying the Bible was open to interpretation and needn’t conflict with what science had revealed about the heavens. That irked Church authorities, who felt he was encroaching on their intellectual turf. Galileo was tried for heresy and placed under house arrest. Some of his writings, along with Copernicus’ book, were banned. Copernicus fared much better, never suffering directly for his beliefs. Nonetheless, he waited decades before allowing his work to be published. In fact, On the Revolutions might never have seen the light of day, had not a young German mathematician and clergyman, Georg Joachim Rheticus, paid a visit to Copernicus in Frombork in 1539. Rheticus encouraged Copernicus to complete his manuscript and oversaw its publication. The encounter and subsequent friendship between Rheticus and Copernicus forms the heart of Sobel’s stage play, And the Sun Stood Still. When On the Revolutions was eventually published in 1543, it contained a preface added by a Lutheran clergyman named Andreas Osiander. The preface urged readers to treat the idea of a Sun-centered system as a mathematical convenience rather than a literal description of the cosmos. We know that Copernicus never intended such a disclaimer because a surviving manuscript of the book, written in Copernicus’ own hand, contains a very different preface, explains Jacek Partyka, a classics scholar and translator at the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków. (That manuscript is the library’s most prized possession.) Partyka points out that even the title of the book was altered for publication, adding the phrase orbium coelestium, or “heavenly spheres,” thus putting the emphasis on the heavens rather than Earth and avoiding the vexing issue of Earth’s motion. The idea that our world was a planet hurtling through space was still controversial, Partyka says: “To most philosophers or scientists at that time, it would have been unthinkable.” According to legend, Copernicus was presented with a copy of the published book as he lay on his deathbed; he is believed to have died of a stroke soon afterward. Partyka is only half-joking when he suggests that seeing the changes to the book might have been the last straw. “If I was Copernicus, and I had seen this, I probably would have had a stroke, too,” he says. 500 years later In Kraków, the most important Copernican site is the Collegium Maius. Dating to the 15th century, it is the oldest surviving university building in Poland. Among the college’s voluminous exhibits are astronomical instruments from Copernicus’ time, an assortment of astronomical texts and manuscripts, and — a more recent acquisition — a signed photograph of Earth taken by Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission and donated to the college in 1973 to mark Copernicus’ 500th birthday. A lasting legacy Even in death, Copernicus continued to provoke controversy. For one thing, no one was quite sure where his remains were. In 2005, archaeologists found what they believed to be his bones beneath the Frombork cathedral’s floor. Experts concluded the skull was that of a man who had died at age 70 — Copernicus’ age at the time of his death — and that the facial features matched known portraits of the astronomer. DNA from the bones matched traces found on a book he owned as well. In the spring of 2010, Copernicus was given a second funeral, and his remains were buried in Frombork Cathedral, in the same spot where his bones had been found. His casket can be glimpsed beneath the floor, through a small glass panel. After photographing the great thinker’s tomb from every conceivable angle, I left the dark nave of Frombork Cathedral and emerged into the late summer sunshine. As I gazed up at the sky, I was struck by the magnitude of what Copernicus had achieved. Earth feels perfectly still beneath our feet; to see that it is not so requires an extraordinary leap of the imagination. I was left with a feeling of awe at this larger — and all the more amazing — universe that he gave us.

New York Times best-selling children’s book author Laura Numeroff is best known for the series based on her book If You Give a Mouse a Cookie. First printed in 1985, “If You Give a Mouse a Cookie” continues to be loved by children across the generations.. The fourth book in the series, “If You Take a Mouse to the Movies” was on the New York Times Children’s Best Seller list for five months, including nine weeks at number one. Baltimore County Public Library recently hosted a presentation, story time and Q&A session Numeroff. Baltimore’s Child managing editor Michael Vyskocil spoke with Numeroff about her work in children’s literature, including one of her newest works. The program is part of the library’s kickoff of “1,000 Books Before Kindergarten,” a reading program for parents and caregivers to complete with their children from ages birth to five. Reading out loud with children helps to develop important early literacy skills—such as speaking, listening and communicating—before they start kindergarten.

The flags at all City facilities will be lowered to half-mast from sunrise to sunset on Wednesday, November 8, 2023 to commemorate Indigenous Veterans Day. This day honours the important contributions made by more than 12,000 First Nations, Inuit and Métis Veterans in service to Canada. Indigenous people have made significant contributions to Canada’s military efforts. Although it is difficult to estimate full numbers, more than 4,000 Indigenous people served during World War I, and more than 3,000 First Nations members and additional unknown numbers of Métis and Inuit, served in World War II. Hundreds of Indigenous people served in the Korean War, during the Cold War and in Afghanistan. Additionally, many areas, especially in Northern Canada, are supported by the Canadian Rangers and Junior Rangers programs, a group of Indigenous army reservists who use their knowledge of the land to help maintain a national military presence in isolated areas, monitor coastlines and assist in local rescue operations. In total, according to Veteran Affairs Canada, it is estimated that 12,000 Indigenous people served in the Canadian Armed Forces throughout the twentieth century, and that at least 500 of these members lost their lives. Many Indigenous communities honour these veterans at the start of ceremonies, pow wows and other events. At many pow wows, you will see veterans being recognized by a community eagle staff, that represents pride and spirit, and a veterans flag in honour of those who died in service, carried into the pow wow circle to a flag song. In Ottawa, you can visit the National Aboriginal Veterans Monument at Confederation Park to pay respects to Indigenous Veterans on November 8, as well as on November 11 during or before Remembrance Day ceremonies. Here is a list of other resources: - Learn more from the perspective of Veteran Affairs Canada. - View the Government of Canada’s message in recognition of Indigenous Veterans Day 2021 from Ministers Miller, Hajdu, MacAulay and Vandal. - A 2020 statement from Veterans Affairs Canada recognizing Indigenous Veterans Day: Government of Canada marks Indigenous Veterans Day – Canada.ca - Statement from MWO Sheldon Quinn, 3rd Canadian Division Indigenous Advisor, National Defence: Nov. 8 marks National Aboriginal Veterans Day – Canada.ca The flags at all City facilities will be lowered to half-mast from sunrise to sunset on Saturday, November 11, 2023 to commemorate Remembrance Day and honour all Canadians, past and present, who have served their country in time of war. November 11 is a time to honour and remember those who have served, and continue to serve Canada during times of war, conflict and peace. Here are some ways you can participate: The National Remembrance Day Ceremony will take place at the National War Memorial on Saturday, November 11. The ceremony will begin at approximately 10:30 am. You can attend in person or watch the ceremony live on the Royal Canadian Legion’s Facebook page and local and national news broadcasts. Royal Canadian Legion branches host Remembrance Day ceremonies in communities across Ottawa. Visit the Royal Canadian Legion’s website for more information on events happening in your area. Canadian Armed Forces CF-18 Hornets and a vintage plane will fly over the National War Memorial, the National Military Cemetery of the Canadian Armed Forces and various Royal Canadian Legion locations in Ottawa between 10:50 and 11:59 am on Saturday, November 11.

Climate Targets 2030: How Switzerland Can Halve Its Domestic Greenhouse Gas Emissions Switzerland faces an enormous climate challenge. By 2030, under the Paris Agreement, the country must reduce its annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 50 percent compared to 1990 levels. Two-thirds of these reductions must be achieved in the next eight years, while only one-third has been achieved between 1990 and 2021. But Switzerland has also the potential to become a pioneer in the fight against climate change. The Swiss economy is considered the most innovative in the world, leading universities in climate science and globally leading climate start-ups are based in Switzerland. The decarbonization of the transport, building, industry and agriculture sectors and the required expansion of renewable energies will need additional investments totaling around 140 billion Swiss francs by 2030. But the investments are worthwhile: early adopters benefit from better financing conditions, high growth opportunities in the comparatively young green market, and increased attractiveness as an employer. Read the full study in German Read the full study in English

If you’ve gotten braces on your teeth, then you know the tooth sensitivity and soreness that can happen right when they’re put on. That soreness can also happen when braces are adjusted. However, there is a bit of a difference between soreness and tooth sensitivity. Sensitivity can suggest receding gums, tooth decay or other oral issues going on. Use this information to see why your tooth sensitivity is happening and how to remedy it! What Causes Tooth Sensitivity? Tooth sensitivity can stem from several different sources. Tooth sensitivity and pain can happen suddenly or it can come on gradually over time. Do you grind or clench your teeth? If you do, this can wear down your tooth enamel and make your gums inflamed. Do you have difficult flossing your teeth with braces? This is a common source of tooth sensitivity. One way to combat the challenge of flossing with braces is to use a threadable floss or floss threader. Using the small or the pointed end, insert the floss or floss threader between the teeth, but below the archwire. Gently move it back and forth until it is able to thread the floss between the teeth. Once in place, you can floss the two teeth on either side of where you have inserted the floss, taking care not to apply force or pressure against the archwire. Repeat between all teeth. A WaterPik or water flosser can also be an essential tool to keep tooth decay away from gums and prevent gum recession–a leading cause of tooth sensitivity. Why Are Teeth at Increased Risk for Tooth Sensitivity with Braces? Technology has improved over the years allowing for less and less of an apparatus on the tooth enamel, but, still, there IS an apparatus sitting on your teeth for the duration of your treatment. Unless you are wearing removable Invisalign aligners for your orthodontic treatment, your apparatus will consist of wires and brackets which make it difficult to remove food particles that get stuck under, between and in your brackets and wires. Food left to fester can decay and eat away at your tooth’s vital tooth enamel leading to tooth sensitivity and pain. How Can You Prevent Tooth Sensitivity During Orthodontic Treatment? If ever there was a time to skimp on your oral hygiene it is NOT when you have braces. Diligent home care can make a significant difference in your smile results post-orthodontic treatment. Here are three steps to follow to help you find success: Brush after every meal. Because your braces can easily attract and trap food particles, brushing after each meal can help prevent staining and reduce the potential for bacteria buildup. To brush teeth with a regular soft brush, brush down from the top, then up from the bottom on each tooth with a bracket. Use a proxabrush (interdental brush). After brushing with a toothbrush, use a proxabrush, commonly referred to as a “Christmas tree brush,” to clean between each bracket. Place the proxabrush between two brackets, below the archwire, brushing up and down. After several strokes, repeat this motion by inserting the brush from the opposite side (either down from the top or up from the bottom). Schedule regular cleanings with your dentist. The best way to get a thorough cleaning is by booking one with your dentist. They have the tools needed to remove stubborn plaque and to reach tricky areas. They can also fortify your teeth enamel with an in-office fluoride treatment. Schedule a Braces Consultation to Protect Your Tooth Enamel Your time with braces will come and go in a flash, although you might not believe that in the beginning. The efforts you make from day one with your braces to protect your tooth enamel will show in the results of sparkling, white, strong, healthy teeth. Our friendly staff at Belmar Orthodontics is available to train you in methods and tools for keeping your teeth clean and strong. Make sure to keep your regular cleaning and check-up appointments so we can examine your teeth and make suggestions for improvements. Make an appointment by contacting our office today at 303.225.9016. We are excited to meet you and help you reach your smile goals! This mode enables people with epilepsy to use the website safely by eliminating the risk of seizures that result from flashing or blinking animations and risky color combinations. Visually Impaired Mode Improves website's visuals This mode adjusts the website for the convenience of users with visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others. Cognitive Disability Mode Helps to focus on specific content This mode provides different assistive options to help users with cognitive impairments such as Dyslexia, Autism, CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements of the website more easily. ADHD Friendly Mode Reduces distractions and improve focus This mode helps users with ADHD and Neurodevelopmental disorders to read, browse, and focus on the main website elements more easily while significantly reducing distractions. Allows using the site with your screen-reader This mode configures the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A screen-reader is software for blind users that is installed on a computer and smartphone, and websites must be compatible with it. Visually Pleasing Experience Adjust Text Colors Adjust Title Colors Adjust Background Colors Big Dark Cursor Big Light Cursor February 22, 2024 We firmly believe that the internet should be available and accessible to anyone, and are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the widest possible audience, regardless of circumstance and ability. To fulfill this, we aim to adhere as strictly as possible to the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1) at the AA level. These guidelines explain how to make web content accessible to people with a wide array of disabilities. Complying with those guidelines helps us ensure that the website is accessible to all people: blind people, people with motor impairments, visual impairment, cognitive disabilities, and more. This website utilizes various technologies that are meant to make it as accessible as possible at all times. We utilize an accessibility interface that allows persons with specific disabilities to adjust the website’s UI (user interface) and design it to their personal needs. Additionally, the website utilizes an AI-based application that runs in the background and optimizes its accessibility level constantly. This application remediates the website’s HTML, adapts Its functionality and behavior for screen-readers used by the blind users, and for keyboard functions used by individuals with motor impairments. If you’ve found a malfunction or have ideas for improvement, we’ll be happy to hear from you. You can reach out to the website’s operators by using the following email [email protected] Screen-reader and keyboard navigation Our website implements the ARIA attributes (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) technique, alongside various different behavioral changes, to ensure blind users visiting with screen-readers are able to read, comprehend, and enjoy the website’s functions. As soon as a user with a screen-reader enters your site, they immediately receive a prompt to enter the Screen-Reader Profile so they can browse and operate your site effectively. Here’s how our website covers some of the most important screen-reader requirements, alongside console screenshots of code examples: Screen-reader optimization: we run a background process that learns the website’s components from top to bottom, to ensure ongoing compliance even when updating the website. In this process, we provide screen-readers with meaningful data using the ARIA set of attributes. For example, we provide accurate form labels; descriptions for actionable icons (social media icons, search icons, cart icons, etc.); validation guidance for form inputs; element roles such as buttons, menus, modal dialogues (popups), and others. Additionally, the background process scans all of the website’s images and provides an accurate and meaningful image-object-recognition-based description as an ALT (alternate text) tag for images that are not described. It will also extract texts that are embedded within the image, using an OCR (optical character recognition) technology. To turn on screen-reader adjustments at any time, users need only to press the Alt+1 keyboard combination. Screen-reader users also get automatic announcements to turn the Screen-reader mode on as soon as they enter the website. These adjustments are compatible with all popular screen readers, including JAWS and NVDA. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements. Disability profiles supported in our website Epilepsy Safe Mode: this profile enables people with epilepsy to use the website safely by eliminating the risk of seizures that result from flashing or blinking animations and risky color combinations. Visually Impaired Mode: this mode adjusts the website for the convenience of users with visual impairments such as Degrading Eyesight, Tunnel Vision, Cataract, Glaucoma, and others. Cognitive Disability Mode: this mode provides different assistive options to help users with cognitive impairments such as Dyslexia, Autism, CVA, and others, to focus on the essential elements of the website more easily. ADHD Friendly Mode: this mode helps users with ADHD and Neurodevelopmental disorders to read, browse, and focus on the main website elements more easily while significantly reducing distractions. Blindness Mode: this mode configures the website to be compatible with screen-readers such as JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, and TalkBack. A screen-reader is software for blind users that is installed on a computer and smartphone, and websites must be compatible with it. Keyboard Navigation Profile (Motor-Impaired): this profile enables motor-impaired persons to operate the website using the keyboard Tab, Shift+Tab, and the Enter keys. Users can also use shortcuts such as “M” (menus), “H” (headings), “F” (forms), “B” (buttons), and “G” (graphics) to jump to specific elements. Additional UI, design, and readability adjustments Font adjustments – users, can increase and decrease its size, change its family (type), adjust the spacing, alignment, line height, and more. Color adjustments – users can select various color contrast profiles such as light, dark, inverted, and monochrome. Additionally, users can swap color schemes of titles, texts, and backgrounds, with over 7 different coloring options. Animations – epileptic users can stop all running animations with the click of a button. Animations controlled by the interface include videos, GIFs, and CSS flashing transitions. Content highlighting – users can choose to emphasize important elements such as links and titles. They can also choose to highlight focused or hovered elements only. Audio muting – users with hearing devices may experience headaches or other issues due to automatic audio playing. This option lets users mute the entire website instantly. Cognitive disorders – we utilize a search engine that is linked to Wikipedia and Wiktionary, allowing people with cognitive disorders to decipher meanings of phrases, initials, slang, and others. Additional functions – we provide users the option to change cursor color and size, use a printing mode, enable a virtual keyboard, and many other functions. Browser and assistive technology compatibility We aim to support the widest array of browsers and assistive technologies as possible, so our users can choose the best fitting tools for them, with as few limitations as possible. Therefore, we have worked very hard to be able to support all major systems that comprise over 95% of the user market share including Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Opera and Microsoft Edge, JAWS and NVDA (screen readers), both for Windows and for MAC users. Notes, comments, and feedback Despite our very best efforts to allow anybody to adjust the website to their needs, there may still be pages or sections that are not fully accessible, are in the process of becoming accessible, or are lacking an adequate technological solution to make them accessible. Still, we are continually improving our accessibility, adding, updating and improving its options and features, and developing and adopting new technologies. All this is meant to reach the optimal level of accessibility, following technological advancements. For any assistance, please reach out to [email protected]

|HS.1 Analyze the impact of constitutional amendments on groups, individuals, institutions, national order. |HS.2 Describe core elements of early governments that are evident in United States government structure. |HS.4 Examine institutions, functions and processes of the United States government. |HS.7 Analyze political parties, interest and community groups, and mass media and how they influence the beliefs and behaviors of individuals, and local, state, and national constituencies. |HS.9 Examine and evaluate documents related to the Constitution and Supreme Court decisions (such as Declaration of Independence, Federalist Papers, Anti-Federalist Papers, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Constitutional amendments). |HS.10 Explain the roles and responsibilities of active members of a democracy and the role of individuals, social movements, and governments in various current events. |HS.11 Examine the pluralistic realities of society recognizing issues of equity and evaluating the need for change. |HS.12 Examine the power of government and evaluate the reasoning and impact of Supreme Court decisions on the rights of individuals and groups (for example, Marbury v. Madison, Roe v. Wade, D.C. v. Heller, Loving v. Virginia, Plessy v. Ferguson, Obergefell v. Hodges, Brown v. Board, Cherokee Nation v. Georgia, Reed v. Reed, Oregon Employment Division vs. Smith, Korematsu v. US, Dartmouth v. Woodward, Mendez v. Westminster, etc.). HS.58 Examine and evaluate the origins of fundamental political debates and how conflict, compromise, and cooperation have shaped unity and diversity in world, U.S., and Oregon history. |HS.62 Identify historical and current events, issues, and problems when national and/or global interests are/have been in conflict, and provide analysis from multiple perspectives. The Challenge of Democracy, 14th Edition 2017 Cengage United States Government: Our Democracy, McGraw Hill

Although there was some development on the east side of the Androscoggin in Berlin before 1861, it did not reach much further south than the 12th Street Bridge — roughly the location of the Sam Paine Bridge at that time. Because it was difficult to reach, major development on the east side to the south awaited three linked developments, the construction of the Concord & Montreal Railroad (1891-3), the construction of the Burgess Sulphite Mill (1892) and the building of the Mason Street Bridge (1893). Prior to the completion of the Mason Street Bridge, there was already a connection to the Burgess Mill “in the form of steel railroad bridges and the Berlin Mills Railway.” (Tardiff, Berlin Daily Sun ND “East Side and More”) Land on the east side was subdivided immediately thereafter, beginning in 1893. The bulk of the land was part of two large plats which were additions to Berlin Mills, controlled by the Brown family. The area closest to (and behind) the depot was owned by the Greene Aqueduct and Land Company. Poof Tardiff wrote this on the development of the Berlin Mills land: By 1893, citizens of Berlin could cross this bridge [Mason St. Bridge] with horse and buggy and make their way to the new passenger station (Depot Restaurant today) on the other side of the river. With this in place, the Berlin Mills Company started selling some of its land around the depot and near their mill. At this point a man named Gershon Bickford got involved. Originally this area was called the “Berlin Mills Addition” and then “Cottage City,” before eventually being called the “East Side.” … Bickford had secured from Herbert Brown, the manager of the Berlin Mills company, the sale of these lots. Mr. Bickford was working with surveyor E.McCoy Macy… who had just finished the survey. They recorded the lots and named the streets after New Hampshire counties. …The lots that Bickford had were selling at a fast rate for two and three hundred dollars, with eight dollars down and a monthly installment of five dollars until fully paid. In order to get the building started on this side of the river, Bickford built the first two houses and they sold right away. A two story, six room house with a lot sold for $1,200. In order to buy this though, one had to put 100 dollars down and then had to pay the balance in ten months. (Berlin Daily Sun, “East Side and More”) The Greene Aqueduct and Land Company platted their 94-lot, eight block triangular area of land in 1893 and auctioned off at least some of the house lots in June, 1894. The advertisement for the auction touted the convenience, beauty and natural drainage of the East Side, as well claiming that It will be only a few years when that side of the Androscoggin River will be the principal part of the town. Here is a rare chance for capitalists to make a sure and well paying investment, and for laboring people to build themselves a home for a reasonable price and on easy payments and at the same time gain the advance on their real estate. By the early years of the century there were already houses on the East Side. Although there wasn’t sufficient building to warrant coverage in the 1901 Sanborn map (aside from the Burgess Plant) by the 1905 Sanborn there is extensive development, including the Berlin Foundry & Machine Co. located off of Goebel. Goebel Street was named for an early resident of the street. John Goebel was a German immigrant who owned a local mill/business on Mechanic Street on the west side (selling hay, grain, flour, feed, grass seed, salt, etc.) Around the turn of the century, the area around Goebel became a small enclave of German residents. In the first decade of the 20th century Devens Street was known as German Street (1900 Census, 1909 Sanborn). In the wake of World War I, the street name was changed to Devens. (It is labeled “Devens (German)” on the 1920 Sanborn Map.) The 1900 census listed roughly eight German families in the Goebel/Devens neighborhood and the number remained about the same in the 1920 census. Another even smaller ethnic enclave was located around King Street. The 1920 Sanborn Map labels Cheshire Street between Grafton and Coos as “Italian Street.” Later, in the 1928 Sanborn the street appears as “King Street (Italian).” At least by the 1930s there were few Italian families in residence in the area.

Functioning on less sleep, seems to have become a badge of honor in our society. Many highly successful people including U.S. Presidents and other world leaders are often lauded for getting only five hours or less of sleep a night, leaving more time to work and get things done. There is incredible pressure to work more and sleep less. Often, this pressure leads to harmful habits such as working through lunch, sedentary lifestyles, not taking vacations, over-caffeinating ourselves, or drinking alcohol to unwind. These habits can add stress to our bodies resulting in fragmented sleep and suppression of dreams. Sleep on this: the average number of hours Americans sleep at night has dropped from 8.1 in the 1940s to 6.75 hours a night, according to Matt Walker, professor of neuro-science and psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. “The number of people who can survive on six hours of sleep or less and show no impairment is zero,” says Walker. We need at least seven hours of sleep a night or we are setting ourselves up for major health consequences. Walker adds, “Every major disease that is killing us in the developed world: Alzheimer’s, cancer, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, depression, suicidality, all of them have direct and very strong causal links to deficient sleep.” What most people don’t realize is that we are sabotaging our own sleep. One of the most common sleep reducers is central heating and air conditioning. At night temperatures drop signaling our bodies that it is time to rest. When the sun comes up and the thermostat rises, so do we. However, by controlling the climate in our homes to a steady temperature, we inadvertently dislocate ourselves from the natural thermal cycle of the day that tells un when it is time to sleep and wake. Technology is another factor interfering with our normal sleeping pattern. Melatonin is a hormone that signals our bodies that it is time to sleep. Blue light emitted from computer screens, tablets, smart phones, and several devices with LED screens halts the body’s release of melatonin and hinders our REM process. Technology also causes sleep procrastination. Midnight is a common time when people hop on the computer once more before bed to check Facebook or send that last email of the night. For someone who must get up early for a full workday, midnight is too late a time for the body to get enough REM sleep. Advancements in mattresses have improved sleep conditions. With some simple lifestyle changes, we can make sure our bodies get the rest we need to live more healthful lives. If you would need to get a new mattress then visit one of our Best Mattress stores where our sleep experts can help you get more restful sleep each night

Cross-references Explore similar Bible verses on Deuteronomy 31:26 in English Standard Version "“Take this Book of the Law and put it by the side of the ark of the covenant of the Lord your God, that it may be there for a witness against you." De 31:19 “Now therefore write this song and teach it to the people of Israel. Put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the people of Israel. De 31:21 And when many evils and troubles have come upon them, this song shall confront them as a witness (for it will live unforgotten in the mouths of their offspring). For I know what they are inclined to do even today, before I have brought them into the land that I swore to give.” 2Ki 22:8 And Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law in the house of the Lord.” And Hilkiah gave the book to Shaphan, and he read it.

[Image: Max Ernst, “Landscape with a view of the lake and chimeras” (1940), via Archive.] While we’re on the subject of astronomical events leaving traces in our everyday world, here’s another story, this one from November: “an airburst over the Atacama Desert 12,000 years ago melted the ground into glass,” according to new research aimed at explaining why “twisted chunks of black and green glass” lie scattered all over Chile. The airburst—likely an exploding comet—“probably generated strong winds that flung the glass as it formed,” giving the glass an unusual “folded look.” This “folded look” suggests that “the glass had been thrown around and rolled. It was basically kneaded like bread.” Given that this was only 12,000 years ago, it’s not impossible that some of it was witnessed by human beings; either way, the immediate aftermath would have been astonishing to behold, a 50-mile line of molten sand, warped and roiling like the sea, forming spheres and waves, freezing and shattering, a road of glass disappearing with an eerie glow over the desert horizon. In fact, imagine such an event occurring in, say, the Middle East around the same time, thus forming the basis for bizarre future folklore, legendarily strange Biblical scenes, tales of molten glass roads appearing in a flash from the sky. (Max Ernst painting included here purely for illustrative effect. Circumstantially relevant: Brainglass.)

processing of recombinant proteins with high level of transgene expression to provide good yields in plant-based production system, efficient recovery of the recombinant proteins must also be optimized. The goal and the general steps for downstream processing are similar between plant and otherexpression systems. The goal is to recover the maximal amount of highly purified target protein with the minimal number of steps and at the lowest cost. The basic steps for downstream processes include tissue harvesting, protein extraction, purification, and formulation. Plants contain several undesired molecules (proteins, oils, phenolic compounds etc.) that must be removed during purification of the recombinant protein. The processing of plant tissue for the recovery of recombinant proteins generally includes fractionation of plant tissue, extraction of recombinant protein in aqueous medium and purification. Several strategies have been developed to improve the downstream processing of plant produced recombinant proteins.

Andrew Carnegie remains a towering historical persona. The name Carnegie is synonymous with American industrial might as well as charitable giving. From a child of immigrants to steel magnate to a global philanthropist his story offers an interesting insight into the complexities that come with ambition, fortune and a determination to leave a long-lasting legacy. What is Andrew Carnegie and what lasting impact did he make in the world. Steel Empire – From humble beginnings to a booming industrial powerhouse Carnegie’s childhood in Dunfermline was marked with poverty and hardship. In 1835, Carnegie emigrated to America at the age of 13. While working in different factories, he witnessed firsthand how brutal the industrial revolution was. However, Carnegie’s ambition and business acumen helped propel him forward. Carnegie rose quickly through the ranks and eventually seized the opportunity offered by the booming steel industry. Carnegie established an unbeatable steel empire through a variety of strategic alliances. Carnegie Steel Company pioneered innovative techniques and mass manufacturing methods. His ruthless efficiencies and aggressive rivalry earned him the nickname “Captain Industry” though his methods often received criticism for their harsh treatment towards employees. Beyond Steel – A Vision for Social and Philanthropic Reform Carnegie’s final years were defined by a change in perspective that was quite remarkable despite the many controversy surrounding his business. Carnegie amassed a wealth that was estimated to be more than 475 million dollars (in today’s dollars) and yet, he dedicated his last years to philanthropy. Carnegie was inspired by social Darwinism and the “Gospel of Wealth” and believed that the wealthy had a moral obligation to spend their wealth to enhance society. He was an extremely generous philanthropist and made many contributions. He created over 2,500 public libraries across the United States, funded educational institutions like Carnegie Mellon University, and helped fund research into science and technological advancements. He also became a vocal advocate for peace, world unity, and labor reform, leaving an impact that will last forever on the political and social world of his day. The Man and the Myth: A Legacy of Contradictions Andrew Carnegie has remained a complex and controversial persona. Andrew Carnegie was a businessman who made his fortune through exploiting workers however, he also turned out to be an incredibly generous and compassionate patron. He used his wealth to improve the lives of many people. He believed in free market economy, but also fought for social reforms and workers’ rights. This contradiction fuels debate about his true nature and the overall impact. Beyond the Numbers: A Legacy That continues to inspire In spite of the contradictions, Carnegie’s legacy transcends simple numbers. Carnegie remains a powerful symbol of innovation, ambition and charity. His contributions to libraries, scientific research and education continue to impact the world today. His story is a compelling reminder that power and money can be utilized for the greater good. Conclusion. The Steel Titan & the Generous Heart Andrew Carnegie’s story is a testament to the human capacity to be ambitious and compassionate. The journey of an immigrant child, to steel magnate, to global philanthropist, offers invaluable lessons in leadership, innovation, and how to ethically use of wealth. His influence on the world stage is evident, whether he is praised or discredited. Andrew Carnegie’s legacy, as we face the challenges and opportunities of the 21stcentury is a reminder of how the pursuit of success should be accompanied with a unwavering commitment towards making the world better..

Due to an increase in unoccupied buildings and with restrictions on people’s movements due to COVID-19, it is likely that communities across the UK will see an increased threat from vandalism. There have already been several news reports of increased vandalism across the UK during the COVID-19 lockdown, for example: It is therefore important that councils and local authorities take action as soon as possible to try to prevent and deter would-be vandals. What is Vandalism? Definitions of vandalism can vary. In general, vandalism is defined as “wilful or malicious damage to property, such as equipment or buildings”. Vandalism is often associated with other signs of social disorder, such as disturbing the peace and trespassing. Vandalism includes graffiti, light smashing, trash dumping, removing/bending signage, breaking windows, or other defacing of property. Addressing the problem Before implementing a strategy to prevent vandalism, it is important to define the specific nature of the vandalism problem affecting your area. Answers to these questions will help you understand the problem: - How many vandalism incidents have occurred this month? - What type of vandalism is most common? - Are vandals targeting specific types of property? - Do you have information on the individuals doing the vandalising? - What times of day and days of week does vandalism occur? - Are other local areas experiencing vandalism or graffiti? - Do you have anything in common with other areas being targeted? How to reduce Vandalism in your community Here are some tips which will reduce the likelihood of your property being the target of vandalism. Please bear in mind that consideration should be given to the balance between available resources and the perceivable risk. For example, you would not put security lights on a building if there is no history of vandalism in the area. - Install security lights – Light is the vandal’s biggest enemy. They do not want to be seen. Keeping areas well-lit makes it difficult to commit their acts of vandalism without being seen. Vandals like to operate under cover of darkness. - Use unbreakable glass and fixtures – The first thing a vandal does is break lights and accessories. Doing so returns the area to the dark state required for them to commit their criminal acts without being discovered. Unbreakable glass and fixtures prevent them from accomplishing this task. - Install security fencing around your property – Where possible install fences around the perimeter of your location to discourage intruders. Be sure to post ‘no trespassing’ signage on them as well. - Strategically plant shrubs and bushes to increase security – Plant shrubs and bushes to make it more difficult for criminals to reach their targets. Be sure to use plants with thorns and sharp jagged leaves and branches. - Clean up vandalism as soon as possible – Vandals want to commit their act and have others see it. This is particularly the case with graffiti. Quickly removing the evidence of their actions eliminates their ability to take credit and embolden their reputation with their peers. Clean it up as soon as you see it. - If you see anyone committing vandalism, report it to the Police – Many people make the mistake of thinking that acts of vandalism are “too small” to report to the police. This is false. No matter how large or small, report it all. Michelle South, Schemes Director, said: “At this unprecedented time we are here for local councils to provide support, guidance and advice. As lockdown continues we will come up against new challenges and unfortunately vandalism and malicious damage may be one of them due to boredom and frustration of some residents. Drop us a line if you want to discuss or highlight any insurance or risk management issues you may be experiencing, we’re here to help.” Specialist Insurance for Local Councils We are passionate about delivering tailored insurance solutions for Local Councils.

Fisheries impacts on marine megafauna have received global attention and are recognized as a serious problem. In Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf, the artisanal fishery is responsible for 99.6% of landings. It uses a range of boat sizes and various types of fishing gears and operates in all accessible areas from shallow coastal bays to deep offshore waters. The objective of this work is to assess the captures and the impact of all fishing gear types used by the Saudi artisanal fishery on four marine megafauna groups: turtles, birds, dolphins, and dugongs (Dugong dugon). Nine questionnaire surveys were carried out from May 2013 to November 2014, covering a two-month period each. Ten main gear types were found to be used by 25 directed fisheries, including shrimp trawl, wire trap, hand line, troll, pelagic and demersal longline, and drift, surrounding, fixed, and set gillnets. Turtles were captured in relatively high numbers (4726 captures year−1) in nine directed fisheries, among which shrimp trawl fishery was responsible for 86.3% of the captures. The lowest capture rates were found with birds (13.1 captures year−1) and dolphins (7.4 captures year−1), related mainly with the Spanish mackerel longline and Indian mackerel surrounding gillnet fisheries. No dugong captures were recorded. In all, the Saudi artisanal fishery operating in the Arabian Gulf has a high impact on turtles and low impact on birds and dolphins. No impact on dugongs was reported during this study. No pictures for Turtles and other Marine Megafauna Bycatch in Artisanal Fisheries in the Saudi waters of the Arabian Gulf. |IOSEA Marine Turtles

What is a Mining Difficulty? Mining difficulty is a measure of how hard it is to compete for the rewards provided by a cryptocurrency network to its miners. It is a parameter used to ensure the stability and security of the network by regulating the rate at which new blocks are added to the blockchain. The idea behind mining difficulty is to control the rate at which new blocks are mined, and as such, new coins are created. The difficulty level is adjusted periodically in response to changes in the network's hash rate, which is the total computing power of all the miners participating in the network. A higher hash rate means that more blocks are being mined, making the network more secure, but also making it more difficult for individual miners to compete for the rewards. To keep the rate of block creation constant, the network adjusts the mining difficulty so that blocks are mined on average every 10 minutes. This creates a balance between the incentives for miners to participate and the security of the network. If the mining difficulty is too low, it becomes too easy to mine blocks, which can result in an overproduction of new coins. If the difficulty is too high, it becomes uneconomical for miners to participate, which can lead to a decline in the network's security. In summary, the mining difficulty is a critical aspect of any cryptocurrency network and plays an important role in maintaining its stability and security. Mining difficulty can be explained as the level of challenge in finding a hidden treasure. Imagine that you and your friends are playing a treasure hunt game in a big park. The rules of the game are that you need to find a hidden treasure box by following some clues. To make the game more challenging, the treasure box could be hidden somewhere in the park that is hard to reach or behind many obstacles. In this game, the mining difficulty would be the level of challenge in finding the treasure box. The higher the mining difficulty, the harder it is to find the treasure box, and the more effort you need to put in. The same concept applies to mining in cryptocurrency, where the difficulty level is determined by how hard it is to solve complex mathematical puzzles to validate transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain. History of the Term "Mining Difficulty" The term "mining difficulty" was coined in the early days of Bitcoin, likely around 2009 or 2010, when the first Bitcoin miners began to encounter challenges in generating new blocks. As more miners joined the network and the overall hash rate increased, the difficulty of solving the cryptographic puzzle required to mint new blocks also increased. This mechanism was designed to maintain a consistent average block time of 10 minutes, ensuring a predictable and stable supply of new bitcoins. Bitcoin: In the Bitcoin network, the mining difficulty is adjusted every 2016 blocks (roughly every 2 weeks) in order to maintain an average block time of 10 minutes. When there are more miners competing to validate transactions, the difficulty level will increase to make it harder for them to validate transactions and add new blocks to the chain. Ethereum: In the Ethereum network, the mining difficulty adjusts dynamically based on the network's current hashrate, so that an average of 15 seconds is maintained between each block. If the network's hashrate decreases, the difficulty level will decrease to make it easier for miners to validate transactions and add new blocks to the chain. Litecoin: In the Litecoin network, the mining difficulty is adjusted every 2016 blocks (roughly every 3.5 days) in order to maintain an average block time of 2.5 minutes. If there are more miners competing to validate transactions, the difficulty level will increase, and vice versa.

Sustainable Energy Access in Mozambique Major research funding from the British Academy has been awarded to Dr Idalina Baptista, part of a team working on the project, “Sustainable Energy Access in Mozambique: Socio-political factors in conflict-laden urban areas”. The 16 grants awarded as part of the British Academy Sustainable Development Programme fund aim to improve people’s lives in fragile, conflict-affected states, or in developing countries. The focus for all projects is on sustainable governance, sustainable growth, and human development. Dr Baptista’s team of researchers includes Dr Vanesa Castan Broto (principal investigator), University College London and Dr Joshua Kirshner, University of York. The problem of energy access in Mozambique Mozambique remains a largely unelectrified country. In 2014, only 25% of circa 25 million Mozambicans had access to an electricity connection. Urban areas have better rates of connection than rural areas; in the capital, Maputo, the connection rate is highest, with 91% of its estimated population of 1 million. Mozambique has abundant fossil fuel and hydropower resources, and a nascent renewable energy industry. There are existing business models, such as the prepaid electricity system, that enable poorer people to access energy in unprecedented rates. What then explains the persistence of energy poverty? Why do some populations lack reliable sources for basic needs such as lighting, cooking and heating water? This is part of what the research project will be investigating. ‘Having access to an electricity connection is not the same as consuming a lot,’ said Dr Baptista. ‘One person in the UK consumes on average about the same amount of electricity in a year as 40 Mozambicans. Indeed, many people in Mozambique continue to satisfy their everyday energy needs for cooking and heating using charcoal or firewood.” Mozambique remains the 20th poorest country in the world. Factors underlying energy poverty Dr Baptista and the project team argue that it is vital to understand the socio-political conditions that prevent access to electricity. Mozambique’s recent history is unsettled. A former colony of Portugal, Mozambique became independent in 1975. It then entered into civil war between 1977-1992. Military tensions resurfaced in 2014 between the government and an opposition party concerning control of offshore gas deals. Last year, international donors (notably the IMF and the EU) stopped aid contributions when it became apparent that the Mozambican government had illegally authorized loans worth upwards of USD$2 billion. Many suspect this money was used in the military conflict against the opposition. “Currently, the issue of energy is the centerpiece of this country’s hoped-for stability and prospects of future sustainable development,” said Dr Baptista. “Mozambique needs to incentivize investment in power generation to address growing demand, as well as infrastructure to bring that electricity to communities, businesses and services around the country.” The research project Dr Baptista will serve as lead researcher into everyday management activities of Mozambique’s electric utility around service provision in Maputo. She’ll be investigating how management activities may promote – or prevent – unequal patterns of service provision in the city. “We’ll be looking at the way the Mozambican government plans investments in infrastructure, how these plans are carried out, and which populations and parts of the country are served as part of those projects,” said Dr Baptista. “Especially relevant to my area of work will be to examine how engineers, managers and other experts shape those decisions as they manage small budgets and limited trained workforce. For instance, they may opt to expand the grid to areas whose citizens are most able to pay – which is an inherent way of excluding the poorest from having access. This is something we want to investigate with the project, whether these sorts of decisions or others actually take place.” Dr Baptista expects to be in Mozambique in April 2017. For more information on Dr Idalina Baptista’s research on prepayment in Maputo: Published 8 February 2017

top of page Suillellus luridus ■ Zámoly, Hungary ■ A large, stout mushroom found in European woodlands with calcareous soils. Dianthus deltoides ■ Jósvafő, Hungary ■ What this tiny flower lacks in size it makes up for in intense retina-blasting colour. It is native to Europe and western Asia. It is also found in North America as an introduced species. Parasola conopilus ■ Aggtelek, Hungary ■ This mushroom grows on the forest floor of deciduous woodlands where there is a lot of decaying twigs and leaves. Iris spuria ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This perennial is native to Europe, north Africa and western Asia but varieties are widely cultivated for gardens. Like many irises it is a perennial that grows from a rhizome. Ophrys scolopax ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This orchid is found throughout the north Mediterranean basin, and is a protected species in Hungary. It flowers in May and June. The lip of the flower resembles an insect. When bugs try and mate with it, they pollinate the flower. Echium vulgare ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Purple flowers with long reddish stamens characterize this common European roadside weed. Traunsteinera globosa ■ Szilvásvárad, Hungary ■ This orchid prefers higher elevations, which is why it is rare in Hungary. The country is mostly flat, lowland with very little higher elevation habitat. Janka's Lizard Orchid Himantoglossum jankae ■ Érd, Hungary ■ This spectacular orchid used to be conspecific with the Lizard Orchid (Himantoglossum hircinum) but was recognized as a separate species about a decade ago. Found only in the Balkans and part of Asia Minor. Named after 19th c. Hungarian botanist Viktor Janka. Ophrys apifera ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ This tiny orchid uses deception to reproduce. The flower superficially resembles a bug and releases the scent of a female bee. When a male bee tries to mate with it, it pollinates the plant. Iris pumilla ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ The sudden emergence of thousands of Pygmy Irises gives an early spring splash of colour to the steppes of southeastern Europe. Anacamptis morio ■ Újsolt, Hungary ■ This native of Western Eurasia has a strange name. Ostensibly named for the dark green stripes under the flower petals, in most cases all you can see is intense purple. It likes limestone-rich soil and requires mycorrhizal fungi to survive. This is fungi that live in the root system and help the plant extract nutrients from the soil. Panaeolina foeniseci ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A common and widespread mushroom that often shows up on mown lawns and fields. It is not edible, apparently having enough alkaloids to make you sick if eaten. Chlorophylum brunneum ■ Badacsonytomaj, Hungary ■ This large mushroom is supposed to be edible but it looks so much like the poisonous Amanita genus that I wasn’t going to risk it. Pulicaria dysenterica ■ Kiskunlacháza, Hungary ■ A common aster native to Europe and western Asia but widely naturalized in other parts of the world. At one time it was used as a treatment for dysentry, hence the specific epithet. Coprinellus micaceus ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A relatively common mushroom with cosmopolitan distribution. Not so great for eating but popular for lab studies because it is so easy to grow. It gets its common name from the glittery specks along the edge of the cap which resemble flecks of mica. Colchicum autumnale ■ Zámoly, Hungary ■ One of the most beautiful fall wildflowers in Central Europe. Beautiful and deadly poisonous. It is not a true crocus even though the flowers bear a resemblance to the crocuses. Campanula patula ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ A herbaceous biennial native to Europe but naturalized in other parts of the world. It often grows in areas of sandy or poor soils. Myosotis palustris ■ Josvafő, Hungary ■ A perennial found in wet habitats such as streams and ponds, it is native to Eurasia but naturalized in other parts of the world. Iris variegata ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ Also known as the Dalmatian Iris, this short, colourful iris is native to several countries in southeast Europe and the Balkans. Scilla bifolia ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ One of the earliest flowering wildflowers in the Hungarian woodlands. With a mild winter they appear as early as February. Malva moschata ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This weed is also cultivated as garden plant and I can see why. It produces lots of spectacular large pink flowers. The flowers have a bit of a musky odour, hence the common name. It likes well-drained fertile soil. Native to Europe, it is naturalized in many other parts of the world. Rolling Hen and Chicks Sempervivum globiferum ssp. hirtum ■ Nagykovácsi, Hungary ■ This succulent is native to mountainous regions of SE Europe but it is also popular in gardens and as a house plant. The buds can sometimes detach and roll away from the mother plant to grow separately. This is where the strange common name comes from. Leopoldia comosa ■ Josvafő, Hungary ■ Native to the Mediterranean region, the bulbs of this plant are considered a delicacy in southern Italy and Greece. They are boiled, pickled and then kept in olive oil. Geranium robertianum ■ Budakeszi, Hungary ■ Named for 11th century French monk Robert of Molesme, this European geranium has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for toothaches, nosebleeds, mosquito bites, diarrhea, and wound healing. Geranium sanguineum ■ Budakeszi, Hungary ■ There are many cultivars of this rhizomatous perennial, but it is also quite common in the wild. Veratrum album ■ Ocsa, Hungary ■ This tall herbaceous perennial is native to Europe and western Asia and is highly toxic, containing over 50 neurotoxic alkaloids. It is speculated that Alexander the Great’s early demise was caused by poisoning from this plant as, just prior to his death, he had symptoms consistent with Veratrum album poisoning. Gymnadenia conopsea ■ Selcepuszta, Hungary ■ This tall orchid is relatively common in northern and central Europe. It flowers in June and is pollinated almost exclusively by moths. Neotinea ustulata ■ Budakeszi, Hungary ■ This orchid flowers for only a few weeks in late May and early June in warm spots with relatively dry, well-drained soil. The dark purple unopened flower buds look, from a distance, as if the top of the stalk has been burnt, hence the common name. Phyteuma orbiculare ■ Kesthely, Hungary ■ This is probably the commonest and most widespread of Europe’s rampion species. It can be found in sunny spots or areas with dappled sunlight such as meadows, forest edges, roadside verges and ditches. Limodrorum abortivum ■ Kesthely, Hungary ■ This is a very tall orchid native to the Mediterranean Basin and parts of western Asia. It prefers dry, open pine woodland. It produces no leaves, having only a stalk and flowers. Like many orchids, it cannot produce enough nutrients through photosynthesis, so it relies on fungi in the root system for sustenance. Inula helenium ■ Sümeg, Hungary ■ This member of the daisy family has been used since ancient Roman times as a condiment and as a treatment for digestive disorders. As the genus name suggests, the plant is rich in inulin, a fructose polymer widely used in supplements, pharmaceuticals and processed food. The species name is from Helen of Troy because legend has it that elecampane grew where her tears fell. St. Stephen's Carnation Dianthus plumarius regis-stephani ■ Sümeg, Hungary ■ This white subspecies of Garden Pink is native to the Carpathian Basin, where art grows on dry, sandy or rocky soil. Common Ball Flower Globularia punctata ■ Sümeg, Hungary ■ This perennial is a member of the plantain family and can be found on dry, calcareous soils or rocky slopes. Late Spider Orchid Ophrys fuciflora ■ Maróc, Hungary ■ This orchid is widespread throughout Europe and the Middle East but is in serious decline because of habitat loss. Ophrys insectifera ■ Sümeg, Hungary ■ This orchid's small, dark flowers produce a scent similar to female fly pheromones. When male flies try to mate with the flower, they pollinate the plant. Neotinea tridentata ■ Budakeszi, Hungary ■ This beautiful orchid is native to the Mediterranean regions. Like many orchids, it is not so good at photosynthesis, so it relies on fungi in its root system for nourishment. Anacamptis palustris ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ Not to be confused with Early Marsh Orchid, which is a different species. This tall orchid has a very wide distribution in Europe and western Asia, ranging as far north as Sweden. It prefers damp habitats. Early Marsh Orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ Like the name suggests, this perennial likes wet meadows. It is found throughout Europe and western Asia although it is in decline in some countries because of habitat loss. The Hungarian common name is Flesh-coloured Petal Orchid, which is closer to the latin name than the English common name (incarnata means flesh-coloured). I think this name comes from the color of the unopened buds, as the fully developed flowers are purple. Anacamptis coriophora ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ This orchid likes sunny meadows and is found throughout southern Europe. It is in serious decline because of habitat loss and like other orchids, it is a highly protected species in Hungary. Anacamptis pyramidalis ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ With its dense cluster of neon pink flowers, this is one of the more spectacular orchids in the Hungarian countryside. It prefers sunny meadows and drier soils and is found from southwest Europe to Iran. Lamium galeobdolon ■ Velem, Hungary ■ This member of the deadnettle (or mint) family is native to Europe and Western Asia. The tiny flowers are easy to overlook, but they are quite beautiful when viewed from up close. Silene conica ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ A small annual plant that grows in sandy, well drained soils. It is a bit unique in that it does not produce separate staminate and pistillate flowers, but hermaphroditic flowers that can be either male or female. Also, according to Wikipedia, it has the largest mitochondrial genome ever identified in the plant world. Alkanna tinctoria ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This member of the borage family is native to the Mediterranean region. When ground up, the roots produce a red powder that can be used as cloth dye (hence the common name), wood stain or even food colouring. Verbascum phoeniceum ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ This is the earliest mullein species to bloom in the spring. Linum austriacum ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ This close relative of the flax you buy in the health food store gives a welcome splash of early spring color to the grasslands. Veronica gentianoides ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ This perennial is native to the Caucasus region of eastern Europe. It is a common garden plant with a wide variety of cultivars, but it also grows in the wild, like this specimen. Ajuga reptans ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This perennial herb, a member of the mint family, is native to Europe. Its deep blue flowery spikes make it a popular with gardeners and bugs. At least 20 species of butterfly and several species of flies feed on its nectar. Early Spider Orchid Ophrys sphegodes ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ Like its congeners, this orchid’s reproduction is based on deception. The flowers superficially resemble an insect. When a bug tries to mate with the flower, it pollinates the plant. Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This perennial herb is widespread in Europe in warm habitats with sandy or calciferous soils. It produces abundant flowers which start out reddish and then turn a deep blue as the flower matures. Morchella esculenta ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ Unlike many other fungi that fruit in the fall, this species of morel fruits in late April and early May. It is edible and has a unique flavour that is prized by chefs. Lamium purpureum ■ Tass, Hungary ■ One of the most abundant spring wildflowers in Hungary. In April it is literally everywhere. Yellow Pheasant's Eye Adonis vernalis ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ A member of the buttercup family found in dry meadows in scattered locations across Eurasia. Like other members of the Adonis genus, it is poisonous, containing powerful cardiac stimulants that can induce cardiac arrest. Marasmius oreades ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Most people associate Scotch Bonnet with the hot pepper, so this mushroom has another name. It is also known as the Fairy Ring Mushroom. Euonymus phellomanus ■ Rétszílás, Hungary ■ On a dull fall day, it is always a pleasure to encounter this shrub with its retina-blasting, candy pink seed pods. Although native to China, a few grow in the wild in Hungary. Laetiporus sulphureus ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ This widespread bracket fungus is sometimes called “Chicken of the Woods” because when young and cooked, it apparently tastes like chicken. This specimen is much too old for eating. Erigeron annuus ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ Originally native to Eastern North America, this annual member of the aster family is very common and widespread in Europe. Prunus spinosa ■ Vereb, Hungary ■ The Blackthorn, also known as sloe, is a spiny bush in the rose family. The small, plum-like berries are used to make sloe gin. Aster tripolium ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Even though Hungary is a long way from the sea, the interfluvial plain between the Danube and Tisza Rivers has extensive areas of sandy, saline soils favoured by plants such as sea aster and sea lavender. Pholiota populnea ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ This large, shaggy mushroom is usually found growing out of the ends of poplar logs. It is found throughout the temperate northern hemisphere. It is not poisonous but not supposed to be very good eating. Datura stramonium ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ This annual weed is sometimes ingested by recreational drug users because it contains powerful, hallucinogenic tropane alkaloids. A bit dangerous, however, as the strength of the compounds vary widely from plant to plant, making it easy to accidentally poison yourself. Nelumbo nucifera ■ Rétszílás, Hungary ■ Although not native to Europe, this aquatic plant is so spectacular I couldn’t resist a photo when I encountered a sizeable patch growing out in the wild. Normally found from India to SE Asia, all parts of the plant are edible and used in various Asian recipes. Amanita vittadini ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ The Amanita genus contains some of the world’s deadliest mushrooms. It has been estimated that the genus is responsible for 90% of worldwide fatalities from eating poisonous mushrooms. I’m not sure of the status of this particular uncommon species. Some websites claim it is edible, while others say it is poisonous, but it is best to avoid eating all Amanitae. Aristolochia clematitis ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ Heart-shaped leaves and tubular yellow flowers characterize the deadly poisonous European Birthwort, putative cause of the disease known as Balkan Endemic Nephropathy. It is the only food plant for the Southern Festoon butterfly. Cannabis ruderalis ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ Hemp is a very common weed in Hungary. There is some debate as to whether C. ruderalis is a species in its own right, or a subspecies of the more familiar C. sativa. It has much less THC content than C. sativa or C. indica, and its small stature means it is not the best for rope fibers. Ranunculus illyricus ■ Sárszentágota, Hungary ■ This tall, perennial buttercup is found in meadows and woodlands from Central Europe to the Caucasus. It is a protected species in Hungary. Yellow Flag Iris Iris pseudacorus ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Native to Europe, this wetland species is considered a noxious invasive species in many parts of the world. Just because you are pretty, it doesn’t always mean you get love. :) Centaurea cyanus ■ Dunatetétlen, Hungary ■ The cornflower is a species of knapweed native to temperate Europe, but has become widely naturalized in other parts of the world. It is also popular as a garden plant. The flowers are edible and sometimes used in salads and teas. Ginkgo biloba ■ Budaörs, Hungary ■ Easily recognized by its fan-shaped leaves, the ginkgo is an ancient species, with the fossil record going back 270 million years. It has a genome more than three times larger than the human genome and is so unique in the plant kingdom that it is placed in its own Class. In the wild it is restricted to a very small range in southwestern China. Despite being cultivated in many parts of the world, it has never become naturalized anywhere. Orchis militaris ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ This lovely orchid gets its name from the shape of the flowers which resemble a person wearing a helmet. I guess they could have called it motorcyclist orchid except that motorcycles didn’t exist when it was named way back in the 19th century. Brassica napus ■ Kiskunlacháza, Hungary ■ Early May in Hungary means vast fields of retina-blasting yellow as rapeseed is in full bloom. Aside from the farmer’s field, it is also a common roadside weed in Hungary. It is the third largest source of vegetable oil in the world. The variety grown in North America is known as canola. Ranunculus trichophyllus ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ An aquatic member of the buttercup family, this plant is able to photosynthesize underwater. They generally prefer flowing water, so I was surprised to find this specimen growing in a flooded farm field. Lepidium draba ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ A rhizomatous perennial that belongs to the same family as broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage, Hoary Cress is native to SE Europe and Western Asia. It has become naturalized in places like North America and Australia where it is considered an invasive pest. Common Grape Hyacinth Muscari neglectum ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary ■ Grape Hyacinth is very common in the wild in Hungary, but is also a popular garden plant. Bellis perennis ■ Budaörs, Hungary ■ The commonest European daisy, its Latin name means “everlasting beauty”. The plant has astringent properties and for this reason the ancient Romans would soak bandages in daisy juice to bind the wounds of legionnaires wounded in battle. Vinca minor ■ Budaörs, Hungary ■ Native to central and southern Europe, this periwinkle is naturalized in many other parts of the world. It is also cultivated for gardens because the evergreen, waxy leaves provide nice ground cover. It doesn’t produce a lot of seeds but reproduces primarily by runners along the ground. Potentilla tabernaemontani ■ Diosd, Hungary ■ Five petals with an indented tip identify the cinquefoils. This species is partial to dry grasslands and rocky slopes and flowers early during the first warm days of spring. Viola hirta ■ Diosd, Hungary ■ This early flowering violet is found throughout Europe in sunny places with well-drained, chalky soil. As it has no scent whatsoever, it is sometimes pejoratively referred to as dog violet. Helianthus tuberosus ■ Szabadszállás, Hungary ■ This showy perennial is neither from Jerusalem, nor an artichoke, but a sunflower native to North America. The edible tubers of the plant are rich in potassium, iron, several vitamins and fructose polymers which gives them a slightly sweet taste. They have been used for food as far back as the 16th century, and hit their peak of popularity in 19th century France. Today the tubers are used mostly for animal feed and as a commercial source of inulin Humulus lupulus ■ Soponya, Hungary ■ Cultivated on an industrial scale for beer making, hops is common in the wild in Hungary. The plant probably originated in Germany and France, and by the early 17th century had spread to America. Today, the U.S.A. and Germany are the biggest hops producers by a wide margin. Echinops sphaerocephalus ■ Sárkeresztúr, Hungary ■ It’s not hard to see where the globe thistle gets its common (and scientific) name from. A perennial that likes sunny spots, it is native to Eurasia but has been naturalized on other continents such as North America. Sanguisorba officinalis ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ Burnets are flowering perennials in the rose family and are found in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. They have some medicinal properties including the ability to staunch blood flow. The genus name refers to the plant’s hemostatic properties. Volvopluteus gloiocephalus ■ Csákvar, Hungary ■ A large saprotrophic mushroom that is found on all continents except Antarctica. It is edible but not very tasty. I’m not sure on this ID as there are many related species that look similar. Dipsacus laciniatius ■ Csákvar, Hungary ■ This perennial is native to Europe and Asia but has become naturalized in parts of North American where it is considered an invasive weed. White flowers and deeply lobed leaves distinguish this species from the purple-flowered Common Teasle. Teasles are a staple of dried floral arrangements. Consolida regalis ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ This annual member of the buttercup family is found across Europe and parts of western Asia where it prefers well-drained, sandy soils. In some regions it is in serious decline because of the use of herbicides and intensive farming. Alcea rosea ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Despite the latin name, this is not a rose but a member of the mallow family (rosea refers to the color of the flowers). It is an ornamental plant native to China that was introduced to Europe hundreds of years ago. A few, like this one, escape the confines of gardens to grow in the wild. Salvia austriaca ■ Fot, Hungary ■ Salvia is the largest genus in the mint family and is characterized by a special pollination mechanism. When a bug pushes its face into the flower in the search for nectar, a lever mechanism brings the two stamens down on the insect’s back to deposit pollen. Many members of the genus have hairy stems and leaves to reduce water loss. Galium verum ■ Fot, Hungary ■ One of the more colourful members of the Galium genus, this low perennial is native to Europe and Asia, but has become naturalized in North America, New Zealand and Tasmania. Bedstraws get their common name from the fact that, in previous centuries, they were used to stuff mattresses because they contain aromatic compounds that act as natural flea repellants. This species was also used to curdle milk in the making of cheese. Senecio vulgaris ■ Rétimajor, Hungary ■ This hardy member of the daisy family likes well-drained soil in sunny spots. It can grow well in poor soils so it is reasonably common on disturbed ground, construction sites and roadsides. It is annual and hermaphroditic, with a single plant having both make and female organs. Rosa canina ■ Kunpeszer, Hungary ■ In centuries past, parts of this climbing shrub were used to treat dog bites, hence the name. In the wild, the flowers vary from bright pink to white, and every shade in between. Papaver somniferum ■ Tiszaalpár, Hungary ■ The source of opium, heroin, morphine and codeine, this plant also produces the poppy seeds used in cooking and baking. It is much larger and taller than the red poppy used for Remembrance Day in Britain and North America. Iris sibirica ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ This perennial grows from rhizomes and, like most irises, prefers very damp soil. It is native to temperate Europe and Asia but has been naturalized in eastern North America. It is also cultivated as an ornamental plant. Gymnadenia conopsea ■ Dabas, Hungary ■ One of the commoner European orchids, the color can vary from very pale to dark purple. The nectar is very deep in the flower so only pollinators with very long tongues, such as hawk-moths, can get to it. Trifolium incarnatum ■ Kiskunlacháza, Hungary ■ Few things look as nice as a dense field of crimson clover in full bloom (despite that, it was not the inspiration for the Tommy James song). With a nutritional profile superior to that of alfalfa, this European native makes great cattle fodder and is also grown commercially for human consumption. Aesculus hippocastanum ■ Budaörs, Hungary ■ This tree is not a true chestnut but belongs to the soapberry family. It has become so common and widespread in temperate parts of the world that most people don’t know it is native to a very small area of the western Balkans in the extreme southeast corner of Europe. Crataegus monogyna ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ Deeply cut leaf lobes distinguish this hawthorn from the Midland Hawthorn. Both are very common in Hungary. This species is native to Europe but is now naturalized in many parts of the world. Crataegus laevigata ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A common bush in the Hungarian countryside, this Hawthorn is distinguished from the Common Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) by leave lobes that are not as deeply cut. Sempervivum marmoreum ■ Budaörs, Hungary ■ This succulent is native to southeastern Europe and can be found on rocky slopes with southern exposure. Orlaya grandiflora ■ Rétimajor, Hungary ■ This hardy annual, a member of the parsley family, is easily identified by its unique flower structure. It is relatively common in the wild, but is also cultivated for garden use. Ornithogalum umbellatum ■ Soponya, Hungary ■ This perennial member of the lily family is native to southern Europe and North Africa. The bulbs are considered toxic because they contain cardiac-stimulating glycosides. Despite that, they are still used in some homeopathic remedies. Tilia x europaea. ■ Apaj, Hungary ■ Members of the Tilia genus are called lime trees in England (not to be confused with the tree that produces the citrus fruit) but lindens in continental Europe (eg: Berlin’s famous boulevard Unter den Linden - Under the Lindens). They can be easily recognized by the fruit hanging from long, pale, showy bracts. As indicated by the latin name, the Common Linden is a hybrid between Broad-leaved and Small-leaved Lindens. Scarlet Cup Fungus Sarcoscypha sp. ■ Tardos, Hungary ■ This colourful fungus grows on decayed wood on the forest floor in Europe, Asia and North America, and usually appears in the cooler months of winter or very early spring. I’m not sure whether this specimen is S. coccinea or S. austriaca. Dipsacus fullonum ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ Native to Eurasia, this plant is widely naturalized in other parts of the world, and cultivated in a form known as Fuller’s Teasle. In the past, the dried heads were used to clean, align and raise the nap of fabrics such as wool, but these days they are used mosty in floral arrangements. Summer Pheasant's Eye Adonis aestivalis ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A beautiful, but deadly plant, Pheasant’s Eye contains cardenolides, a type of steroid that can cause cardiac arrest. Glechoma hederacea ■ Rétimajor, Hungary ■ Native to Europe, Ground-ivy has become naturalized in many other parts of the world. Ligustrum vulgare ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ The jet-black berries of the wild privet are supposed to be poisonous to humans, but the thrushes seem to really like them. Medicago sativa ■ Szabadszállás, Hungary ■ Known as lucerne outside of North America, this perennial and highly nutritious member of the pea family is primarily used for livestock fodder. Securigera varia ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ The vetches are tough, hardy legumes. Their extensive, complex roots systems are great for preventing soil erosion, but this also makes it hard to eradicate when it becomes invasive, crowding out other species. Agrostemma githago ■ Alsónemédi, Hungary ■ Nice looking flower, but the plant is deadly poisonous if ingested. It is partial to sandy soils. Leucanthemum vulgare ■ Alsónemédi, Hungary ■ Native to Europe and Asia this comon wildflower has become naturalized in other parts of the world, where some consider it a noxious invasive weed. Dictamnus albus ■ Zánka, Hungary ■ Sometimes called the “burning bush”, this plant emits a volatile oil which, on very hot, windless days forms a vapourous and flammable cloud around the plant. It is found in warm open woodland habitats in southern Europe, North Africa and Asia. Robinia pseudoacacia ■ Rétimajor, Hungary ■ Native to Eastern North America, this is one of the commoner trees in the Hungarian countryside. Although the Hungarians call it White Acacia, it is not a true acacia, as the specific epithet indicates. Fraxinus excelsior ■ Halásztelek, Hungary ■ Pinnate leaves and clusters of “keys” make the ash tree easy to spot. The keys are one of the favorite foods of wintering Bullfinches. Tamarix gallica ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Also known as salt cedar, this shrub’s hardiness and tolerance for saline soils make it an ideal windbreak along country roads. Silene latifolia ■ Dunakeszi, Hungary. Anchusa officinalis ■ Dunakeszi, Hungary ■ Although native to the Mediterranean region, Bugloss is spreading in Western North America where it is considered an invasive noxious weed. It has sedative, analgesic and laxative properties, and the roots produce a red dye. Tragopogon pratensis ■ Budapest, Hungary. Carduus nutans ■ Budapest, Hungary. Hippophae rhamnoides ■ Dunakeszi, Hungary ■ A spiny, deciduous shrub that is highly tolerant of sandy and saline soils, the Sea Buckthorn can be found from Britain to Western China. It is an important cultivar as the berries are used in a wide range of beverages, herbal products, dietary supplements, edible oils and skin creams. Salvia pratensis ■ Dunakeszi, Hungary. Hedera helix ■ Dunakeszi, Hungary. Malva sylvestris ■ Naszály, Hungary. Chicorium intybus ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A widespread common weed, chicory is commercially important as the primary source of inulin - a fructose polymer widely used in processed foods, supplements and pharmaceuticals. Papaver rhoeas ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ An abundant wildflower in Europe, it is associated with Remembrance Day in Canada and Britain. It is not the same species as the opium poppy. Convolvulus arvensis ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A pretty face that causes a lot of trouble, bindweed forms dense, climbing mats that choke out other plants. In temperate zones, it a major pest plant for farmers. Centauria jacea ■ Bugyi, Hungary. Verbascum phlomoides ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary. Limonium gmelinii hungaricum ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary ■ A member of the sea lavender family, it is found only in areas of saline soil. Sea lavenders are not related to lavendar, but belongs to the leadwort family. Solidago canadensis ■ Budapest, Hungary ■ A naturalized common weed in many parts of Europe. Goldenrod leaves contain about 7% latex rubber, but the molecular weight is too low to render a useable end product. Senecio aquaticus ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary. Queen Anne's Lace Daucus carota ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary ■ Sometimes called the wild carrot, it is actually the same species as the carrot you buy in the grocery store. Asclepias syriaca ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ Despite what the specific epithet suggests, this weed is native to eastern North America - an example of how the priority principle in taxonomy can sometimes result in goofy latin names. It has become naturalized in many parts of Europe. Verbascum thapsus ■ Újsolt, Hungary. Cirsium arvense ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary. Elaeagnus angustifolia ■ Solt Járás-puszta, Hungary ■ Hungarian conservationists view this shrub-like tree as an invasive pest and would like to eradicate it, but I can’t see it happening. It is just too common in the countryside. The birds seem to like it. Its dense, spiny branches provide nesting habitat for many open country birds, and the olive-like fruit provides sustenance to passerines during fall migration. Lythrum salicaria ■ Biatorbagy, Hungary ■ In its native Europe, I have never seen this plant form the dense, choking stands that make it a major invasive pest plant in North American lakes and waterways. Galeopsis speciosa ■ Rácalmás, Hungary. Solanum dulcamara ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ The high levels of the alkaloid solanine in this nightshade makes it poisonous, but much less deadly than Belladonna. It is closely related to the potato, tomato and eggplant. Tanacetum vulgare ■ Tass, Hungary. Angelica sylvestris ■ Rácalmás, Hungary. Verbascum nigrum ■ Tass, Hungary. Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ Native to China, this sumac has been widely naturalized in other parts of the world. It has a long history of use for medicinal properties, as a host plant for silkworms and as an ornamental tree. Trifolium pratense ■ Budapest, Hungary. Eupatorium cannabinum ■ Budapest, Hungary. Silene vulgaris ■ Budapest, Hungary. Achillea millefolium ■ Bugyi, Hungary. Euphorbia cyparissius ■ Bugyi, Hungary. Crepis biennis ■ Bugyi, Hungary. European Michaelmas Daisy Aster amellus ■ Apaj, Hungary. Symphytum officinale ■ Budapest, Hungary. Lamium maculatum ■ Rácalmás, Hungary. Verbascum densiflorum ■ Bugyi, Hungary. Hungarian Meadow Saffron Colchicum hungaricum ■ Nagyharsany, Hungary ■ Members of the Colchicum genus flower in winter. An adaptation to this unusual life cycle is that the reproductive part of the flower (ie: the ovaries) remain underground. Fragaria vesca ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ Closely related to the garden strawberry hybrid you buy in the supermarket, this species was the first type of strawberry to be commercially cultivated in the 17th century. Tussilago farfara ■ Cserépfalu, Hungary ■ Coltsfoot has been used for hundreds of years as a cough and sore throat reliever, and the dried, burnt leaves are useful as a salt substitute. Common Field Speedwell Veronica persica ■ Bugyi, Hungary. Erodium cicutarium ■ Bugyi, Hungary ■ A member of the geranium family, it is so named because the seed pods look like the head of a stork. Scilla bifolia ■ Cserépfalu, Hungary. Ranunculus ficaria ■ Rácalmás, Hungary. Caltha palustris ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary. Euphorbia palustris ■ Kunpeszér, Hungary. Chelidonium majus ■ Rácalmás, Hungary ■ A common perennial woodland herb belonging to the poppy family. Sambucus nigra ■ Tiszaföldvár, Hungary ■ Native to Europe but widely naturalized in other parts of the world, the unripe berries and green parts of this shrub contain cyanide. The flowers and ripe berries are used in a wide variety of drinks and condiments. Lunaria rediviva ■ Királyrét, Hungary. Vicia cracca ■ Hortobágy halastó, Hungary ■ So named because it is widely used as cattle fodder, this vetch, like most legumes, helps enrich the soil via its nitrogen fixing ability. Yellow Sweet Clover Melilotus officinalis ■ Hortobágy Halastó, Hungary ■ This common roadside weed is a natural source of warfarin, a powerful anticoagulant widely used for treating strokes. St. John's Wort Hypericum perforatum ■ Bácsalmás, Hungary ■ Native to Europe, but widely naturalized in other parts of the world, St. John’s Wort is used as an herbal treatment for depression and a variety of other ailments. Anthyllis vulneraria ■ Budaörs, Hungary. Campanula persicifolia ■ Budaörs, Hungary. Artemesia vulgaris ■ Hortobágy-halastó, Hungary ■ Other members of this famous genus include Sweet Wormwood from which the malaria treatment artemisin is extracted, Bitter Wormwood which provides flavoring for the French spirit absinthe, and the sagebrush of the American west, without which no cowboy movie would be complete. Eryngium campestre ■ Kunszentmiklos, Hungary ■ Tough, spiny and prickly leaves characterize this common European prerennial weed. bottom of page