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To a solution of 2,2 - dimethylpropan-1 - amine ( 0.60 mL , 0.44 g , 4.9 mmol ) in dry DMF ( 50 mL ) was added 6methyl-2-(bromomethyl)-pyridine 1 ( 2.00 g , 10.8 mmol ) and K 2 CO 3 ( 1.49 g , 10.8 mmol ) . The solution was stirred at 40 ° C for 16 h. The organic component was extracted into CH 2 Cl 2 ( 3 × 40 mL ) , the extract dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure . The product was purified using silica gel chromatography ( Hexane : EtOAc -10:1 ) to yield 1.28 g of L5 as a pale yellow solid ( 88 % ) . Titration data and speciation curves of L2 and Zn complex 2 . Figure S3 . left : titration of 10 mL of 2 mM L2 and 4 mM HCl with 10 µL aliquots of 0.2 mM NaOH ; right : speciation diagram of 1mM L2 . The theoretical fit and speciation were carried out with Hyperquad and HySS software 3 and gave pK a s of 3.85 and 6.99 . Figure S4 . left : titration of 10 mL of 2 mM Zn complex 2 and 4 mM HCl with 10 µL aliquots of 0.2 mM NaOH ; right : speciation diagram of 1 mM 2 . The theoretical fit and speciation were carried out with Hyperquad and HySS software 3 using formation constants for Zn(OH ) ( 10 -7.84 ) and Zn(OH ) 2 ( 10 -16.86 ) taken from literature . 4 The fit gives pK a s for the Zn complex 2 of 7.84 and 9.02 , and log K d as 4.85 . Observed rate constants ( k obs ) were obtained by the initial rate method over the first 30 minutes of the reaction . Equation S1 is derived from Scheme S1 , and fitted to the data in Tables S1 to S8 to give the values of k 2 used in Figure S5 .

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Communications proximity , we assumed that these residues are involved in the same exchange process . Consequently , the exchange rate constant , k ex = k AB + k BA and minor - state population , p B , were assumed to be identical for all these residues , and only the chemical - shift differences between the major and minor states , Dd , which are sensitive to changes in the local environment , were assumed to be specific to individual residues . Solid lines in Figure 2 a show best - fit curves of this fit . The fit yields an exchange rate constant k ex of 8600 AE 1700 s À1 and a minor - state population p B of 3.1 AE 1.2 % . Residue - wise chemical - shift differences Dd are in the range of 2 - 5 ppm ( all values are reported in Table S1 ) . In order to investigate the reliability of these results , which were obtained from a single R 11 RD measurement , we explored the inclusion of additional , independent data sets : a first possibility , often used in solution - state NMR , would be the measurement of R 11 RD at additional static magnetic field strengths ( requiring , however , access to another spectrometer equipped with a fast - MAS probe ) . As an alternative , we use here a combined fit with CPMG RD data , obtained previously under similar conditions of fast MAS and deuteration . [ 11 ] CPMG RD is sensitive to exchange processes on msms timescales , making a combined fit with R 11 possible . Such an analysis of the present R 11 RD data with CPMG data , also obtained at a magnetic field strength of 14.1 T , yields values of Dd that are very similar to those obtained from the above fit of only R 11 RD data ( see Table S1 ) . The obtained exchange rate k ex is 2900 AE 140 s À1 , and the population p B is 9.3 AE 0.6 % . Although these values slightly differ from the values obtained from fitting only a single R 11 RD data set ( where k ex = 8600 AE 1700 s À1 , p B = 3.1 AE 1.2 % ) it is noteworthy that the fit curves of the combined R 11 /CPMG fit , shown as orange lines in Figure 2 a , are almost indistinguishable from the fits of R 11 data only , which shows that the present data are in excellent agreement with independent CPMG data . The differences of the fitted parameters point to the well - known fact that it is ( PDB 3ons ) . Amides 24 and 25 ( black spheres ) are invisible in NH correlation spectra , presumably due to exchange broadening . [ 11 ] c ) Residue - wise differences of the N - H orientations in the crystal structure used here ( type - II b - turn ) and in a structure featuring a type - I b - turn ( PDB 1ubi ) . These angles were obtained by aligning the two structures to all secondary structure elements and extracting the direction of the respective NÀH bonds . -state exchange model using only R 11derived data , while orange lines are derived from a fit that includes CPMG data for residues 23 , 27 , and 55 at 600 MHz , as reported earlier ( see Figure S8 ) . Straight dashed lines ( constant R 11 rate ) in panels ( a ) and ( b ) show the relaxation rate constant obtained at 39.5 kHz MAS and 15 kHz spin - lock field strength , which is considered as free from exchange effects . b ) RD profiles obtained at 20 kHz MAS on a fully deuterated , 20 % reprotonated sample of ubiquitin . Solid lines show simulated R 11 RD profiles assuming an exchange rate k ex = 2900 s À1 and population p B = 9.3 % . All available RD profiles , as well as experimental details are shown in the Supporting Information .

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Approximate **data** for the anhysteretic magnetization curve H m (m) = µ −1 (dW m /dm) are derived from the **data** for specific states and compared with the predictions of the analytic formulae in Fig. 5. The agreement is good, particularly near m = 0 and 1. The fields predicted by the two asymptotic formulae differ quite sharply at m = 1/2, where they indicate a step discontinuity in field that matches a similar step in H m (m), the **data** from the series of specific states.

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Rainfall is the main source of water supply, and the time and space distribution characteristics of it is one of the main reasons that composed of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics [1]. The actual situation shows that in the same climate zone, the same river basin, rainfall is obviously variable in different time and space [2], especially in the mountain plateau, rainfall is significantly different in the factors as longitude and latitude, water system (reservoir, rivers, lakes), the run of the mountains, slope aspect and altitude change, it is the space variability of rainfall. The rainfall spatial distribution of some basin exists the obvious differences, especially in the dry regions [3]. The preliminary analysis of space variance is to understand the change rule of the natural factors in the changeable environment, so that it is good to the related research. The analysis research of the space variation law of rainfall is based on the actual observation rainfall **data** in a period, and to analyze the space mutation characteristics of the characteristic parameters, its own parameters and the relationship of all the parameters in the space. The rainfall distribution and the distribution of the vegetation have a lot of correlation, it is usually like that the area of higher plant coverage will have a corresponding rainfall, and the area with more rainfall, plant growth power and coverage rate in the ground is higher than that the less rainfall region [4]. In the mountains district, human activities attach more influence to the ground runoff, soil and water loss and landslide. Therefore, only if the spatial distribution law of rainfall fully understood in this area, that can be reasonable allocation and use of water, and give full play to the ecological and economic benefits of water resources, and do service for the human production and life.

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Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, play an important role in programmed cell death. In our study, xanthohumol alone did not cleave the examined caspases (-3, -8, -9). Here we have shown that TRAIL in combination with xanthohumol cleaved caspases-8, -9, and -3 ( Figure 6A-C) after 2 and/or 8 h. In order to confirm that apoptosis induced by TRAIL in combination with xanthohumol is dependent on caspases, we used caspase inhibitors: caspase-3 inhibitor (iC-3, z-DEVD-fmk), caspase-8 inhibitor (iC-8, z-IETD-fmk), caspase-9 inhibitor (iC-9, z-LEHD-fmk), and pancaspase inhibitor (iVAD, z-VAD-fmk). The use of caspase inhibitors in combination with TRAIL and xanthohumol caused a significant inhibition of apoptosis in LNCaP cells from 73.9˘0.7 to 11.5˘0.6 with iC-3, 11.2˘0.6 with iC-8, 13.7˘0.6 with iC-9, and 13.9˘0.9 with iVAD ( Figure 7). These results suggest that TRAIL-induced apoptosis in combination with xanthohumol extends extrinsic pathway involving caspases. The results are expressed as means ± SD obtained from three independent experiments. The β-actin was used as a control to show equal loading of proteins. The **data** were normalized to the control and β-actin level. A statistical significance of the differences between the treatment and control results is marked with * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

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After the above process , the first unknown freeform surface Ω is generated , and the initial plane can be replaced . All the unknown freeform surfaces can be generated successively using this process , and the preliminary surface construction stage is completed . But the actual image points of the feature rays may be far from the ideal image points . Therefore , the iteration process is used to regenerate the freeform surfaces and reduce the deviations 27 . We take the system obtained after completing the preliminary construction process as the new initial system . When regenerating each surface in each iteration step , the coordinates of the points where the rays intersect with the initial surface are preserved as the coordinates of new feature data points , as shown in Figure 3c . The target points for the rays during iterations are generally their corresponding ideal image points . To accelerate the iteration process , an alternative negative feedback mode can be used . Here , the target point T i for each ray is determined on the basis of its ideal target point T i , ideal ( also the ideal image point ) as well as its actual image point T i * before the current surface is regenerated :

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In an indoor environment the risk to a susceptible individual of acquiring a new TB infection in the presence of an infectious source is proportional to the fraction of contaminated exhaled air and the duration of the exposure ( Riley et al . , 1978 ) . A systematic approach to identifying transmission sites must be based on both these factors . By equipping our study participants with unobtrusive personal CO 2 /GIS monitoring devices we were able to integrate data regarding both the level of risk at different sites visited and the length of time an individual remained exposed to that risk . Applying a Getis - Ord - GI * cluster analysis ( Getis and Ord , 1992 ) primarily located the community school as a potential TB hot spot .

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Next, we investigated whether the uptake of K18 PFFs is actin-dependent by inhibiting actin polymerization using Latrunculin A (32). Treatment with Latrunculin A resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in dextran uptake, a bona fide marker for actin-dependent fluid-phase endocytosis. With respect to K18 PFFs uptake and tau aggregation, actin polymerization inhibition clearly resulted in a significant reduction of internalized K18 PFFs (IC 50 = 57 nM) and consequently decreased significantly K18 PFFs-seeded tau aggregation (IC 50 = 25 nM) (Fig. 1, G and H). These **data** contradict previous reports that claim that tau aggregates are internalized by an actin-independent mechanism in iPSC-derived neurons (18), but support **data** from other cell lines (16). Overall, these **data** give further support, but now in primary hippocampal neurons, that internalization of K18 PFFs is governed by a clathrin-independent, but dynamin1-and actin-dependent mechanism. Importantly, we now also link a reduced amount of tau seeds internalization to decreased tau seeding in neurons.

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The control architecture of the CardioVR-ReTone was developed to allow the deployment of several exoskeleton control modes: assistive, partially assistive, and resistive. An industrial open controller manufactured by Siemens, CPU 1515SP PC2, was considered the main control unit. The PLC had a CANOpen communication module, used to connect with every actuator EPOS4 controller and several IOs modules used to connect the signals from the exoskeleton joysticks and mechanical safety limit switches mounted on the exoskeleton's structure. The mechanical safety limit switches were used to activate the safe torque off functionality of the actuators in cases of malfunction, considering the positioning process. The open controller operating system hosted the VR engine and Simulink. Simulink ran the kinematic algorithms and sent the positioning, speed, and torque **data** to every joint actuator controller. Feedback was received from every actuator controller and sent back to the Simulink Kinematics algorithm. Surface EMGs placed on human arms sent information about muscle activity using Bluetooth to the open controller, which fed the **data** to Simulink for processing and torque adjustment. The architecture of the CardioVR-ReTone operating platform was based on a distributed control approach; the ROS (Robot Operating System) platform is currently considered the first option for implementing control-related functions.

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FCS Analysis-We performed FCS analysis using an MF20 single-molecule fluorescence detection system (Olympus). This system is designed to analyze 384-well glass bottom plates (Olympus) using an onboard 543 nm He-Ne excitation laser. The laser was attenuated to 100 microwatts using density filters and was focused through a water-immersion objective lens at the center of each well, 100 m above the glass bottom (the confocal volume was ϳ1 fl). Fluorescence emitted from a sample was collected via the same objective lens and filtered through an HQ590/60 emission filter (Chroma Technology). The recorded signal intensity was analyzed using a one-component or two-component analytic model. The total sample volumes for FCS analysis were adjusted to 30 -50 l. During FCS analysis, the samples were sealed to prevent evaporation. The measurement time was 10 ϫ 15 s for each **data** point unless otherwise stated.

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The other measurement was the F1 score, which measures complete accuracy using both precision and recall. The score reaches its best value at one and its worst at 0. The precision refers to the number of true positives per true positive and false positive, while the recall measures the number of true positives per true positives and false negatives. Precision = TruePositives TruePositives + FalsePositives Recall = TruePositives TruePositives + FalseNegatives F1score = 2 × Precision × Recall Precision + Recall The results on the test **data** were coherent with the results of the training. For example, the KNN algorithm scored 97.80%, while the ANN scored 93.33%. To visualize the presented data, we made 3D scatter plots with the labeled test data. Figure 12 shows both scatter plots, with the mean power of the frequencies for the three axes of the sensor data. The label is the same as the confusion matrices, with four different colors. It can be seen in the 2D plot of a particular case in Figure 9. Both results have a complete similarity, and the types of anomalies that differ the most within these visualizations are speed bumps and good road data. The dataset was randomized from the rule of 85% for training and 15% test; thus, each algorithm received different test datapoints. That is why the points are different in each scatter plot, but we can correctly observe the color classification of the output of each algorithm.

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In the case of the STRING database v11, we applied the same procedure described above to remove interactions between proteins annotated to separate intra and intercellular domains. In total, the 3 resulting PPI networks contained 8.434 nodes and 303,600 edges (PC1), 12,649 nodes and 464,091 edges (PCv12), and 12,921 nodes and 3,594,088 edges (STRING), representing 0.8%, 0.6% and 4% of the maximum possible number of edges. We note that the filtering with protein cellular localization **data** reduces the dimensionality of the PPI networks from around 18000-20000 genes to the approximately 8000 or 12000 genes noted above.

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In [9] authors focus on routing policies and point out cases where routing decisions taken by ASes do not conform to expected behavior. There are complex AS relationships, such as, hybrid or partial transit which impact routing. Such relationships may lead to false positives in our results. However, the paper points out that most violations of expected routing behavior caused by complex AS relationships are very few and most violations were caused by major content providers. Our work identifies detours for variety of ASes, including both large content providers and small institutions. Moreover, in [24] authors argue that such incongruities are caused due to incorrect IP to AS mappings. About 60% of mismatches occur due to IP sharing between adjacent ASes. Authors here show that 63% to 88% of paths observed in control plane are valid in **data** plane as well. The work in [14] also analyzes the control plane (RIBs and AS paths) to construct a network topology and then uses traceroute to construct country-level paths. The goal of this work was to understand the role of different countries that act as hubs in cross-country Internet paths. Their results show that western countries are important players in country level internet connectivity.

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demonstrated enhanced signal and optical gain compared to a communication link directly using a blue LED 20 . However , in their work , low absorption was observed in the UV wavelength region , which restricted the application of their material to a UV - based communication link . We envisage that the achieved data rates can be further improved by using a more complex modulation scheme ( e.g. , orthogonal frequency - division multiplexing ) , preequalisation , bit loading and power allocation . Moreover , with the improvement in the modulation bandwidth of the solar - blind UVC LED and realisation of the UVC LD , a higher modulation bandwidth of up to hundreds of megahertz can be expected in the near future . b Bit - error rate ( BER ) of data transmission at different data rates without a CsPbBr 3 perovskite NC layer and a 500 - nm long - pass filter . For comparison , an optical density ( OD ) filter was added to ensure that the optical power illuminating the APD is the same as that in the case of CsPbBr 3 perovskite NCs and is below the saturation limit of the APD . The insets show the corresponding eye diagrams . c BER of data transmission at different data rates with the colour - converting CsPbBr 3 perovskite NC layer and UV light filtered by a 500 - nm long - pass filter . The insets show the corresponding eye diagrams modulation bandwidth of the CsPbBr 3 perovskite NC layer is lower than that in the prior work by Dursun et al . 2 , the PLQY in the present work is significantly higher by approximately 30 % when the NCs are drop - cast in the form of a thin film , and thus , a higher photon conversion efficiency is exhibited that can improve photodetection . Moreover , the lower modulation bandwidth in the present work compared to prior work could be attributed to the competing band states and dynamics of recombination mechanisms in the CsPbBr 3 perovskite NCs 45,46 . However , thorough investigations are still required to understand the mechanisms so that one can potentially manipulate the recombination dynamics favourable for the design of perovskite - based optoelectronic devices in the future . Compared to other prior works , our study highlighted the superior performance of the CsPbBr 3 perovskite NC layer with a high - PLQY and a fast - PL decay time for a novel receiver design and potential monolithic integration with a Si - based receiver in a UVbased communication link .

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A moderately strong (n = 214, r = 0.40) and statistically significant (p < 0.001) relationship was found at monthly resolution between the modern δ 18 O sw record and the SODA salinity **data** (Figure 6a). The monthly δ 18 O sw record was also significantly correlated (n = 214, r = 0.39, p < 0.001) with log-transformed Tully

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The location or extent of hydrostatic and geopressured zones is commonly interpreted from porosity assessments using downhole (wireline) geophysical tools such as sonic, neutron, density and resistivity (e.g. Magara 1978;Fertl & Chilingarian 1989;Aminzadeh 2002). The boundary between the two regions is determined by analysing where the decrease in porosity with depth stabilises and becomes significantly reduced or constant, usually at around 5-10% porosity. In the Sydney Basin, actual porosity measurements (compiled by Blevin et al. 2007) allow the accurate identification of this horizon at approximately 1000-1200 m depth ( Figure 4). Borecore (horizontal) permeability **data** (Blevin et al. 2007) also indicate that a significant flow barrier region exists at approximately 800-1000 m depth; and in a large area such as the Sydney Basin, it is reasonable to expect the horizon to vary between these depth ranges in different areas. The significance of this is that it is possible for methanogen-bearing meteoric recharge to penetrate

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Figure 4 : 4a) The graph of the function ε r (x) for which the **data** are computationally simulated via solution of the forward problem

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The **data** were collected as part of an ongoing longitudinal investigation examining psychosis risk and resilience in young adults (PSYRIS-Barcelona). Briefly, usable **data** were obtained from 547 undergraduate students during mass-screening sessions. Of these, a subset of 339 was invited to take part in a comprehensive assessment (comprising laboratory, questionnaire, interview, and ESM measures) with the aim of assessing 200 individuals. Those invited to participate included 189 with standard scores based upon sample norms of at least 1.0 on questionnaire measures of positive or negative schizotypy, and 150 randomly selected participants with standard scores below 1.0. The objective of the enrichment procedure was to ensure adequate representation of schizotypy in the sample. The final sample for this study consisted of 206 participants (78.6% female) from whom usable self-report, interview, and ESM **data** were collected. The mean age of the sample was 21.3 (SD = 2.4) years.

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A robust stratigraphy for the LPS Krems-Wachtberg has been produced by detailed field observations and supported by spectrophotometric data. Color variations are sensitive to changes in pigmentation, which is mostly related to in situ pedogenesis or to sediments pigmented by pedogenesis. Designations of pedological horizons adequately capture the stratigraphic variability of the studied KW2015 section. High-resolution granulometry **data** differentiate aeolian dust from units affected by pedogenesis and reworking along the slope. Single parameters derived from GS, color or MS are unable to describe the formation of the profile and the paleoenvironmental evolution. Reconstructions of the interplay of dust accumulation, pedogenesis, and slope processes based on the stratigraphic log can be semi-quantitatively linked to paleoecosystems. Published luminescence ages indicate no major discontinuities and radiocarbon ages are important chronological tie points with considerably smaller errors. Chronostratigraphic interpretations strongly benefit from similarities of KW2015 to the tightly dated high-resolution MPG/UPG reference LPS of Nussloch, Germany.

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The **data** presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding authors.

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Mealybugs and red spider mites were found in all cassava locations observed in Lampung, including in the experimental plot of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung in Natar area (Figure 1, and Table 1). The **data** indicated that mealybugs and red mites spread in almost all locations in Lampung. Even though mealybugs and mites were unable to move for long distance, the pest was able to disperse by wind and plant material transportation from island to island. Yaninek et al. (1989) reported that green mite was able to spread 600 km per year in Ivory Coast. The papaya mealybug (P. marginatus) was firstly reported in Bogor-West Java in 2008, then it was found in Lampung in 2009 infesting many plants species including cassava (Susilo et al., 2009).

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It is important to point out that despite the small amount of genetic differentiation in the sample as a whole, it was possible to distinguish between the groups from each country using a hierarchical AMOVA model and a dendrogram algorithm. Thus, the absence of significant population structure between the four groups did not mean that the groups could not be distinguished from each other. Rather, the **data** in Table 4 show that enough differences exist to separate the two populations from Nigeria from those from Ghana.

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G0.25 was observed with ALMA (Hills et al. 2010) during Early Science Cycle 0 with extended configuration, using the Band 3 receivers. The array was in a configuration with projected baselines length between ∼ 36.1 to ∼ 452.8 m, sensitive to maximum angular scales of 9. ′′ 1 and providing a synthesized beam of 2. ′′ 30 × 1. ′′ 53. The field of view was ∼ 65. ′′ 5. A total of six **data** sets were collected, using 24 antennas of 12 m diameter and accounting for 4 hours of total integration time on target. Weather conditions were good and stable, the system temperature varied from 50 to 60 K.

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Google Trends ( GT ) tool was introduced in 2008 and provides a public view for relative internet search volumes of some queries identified by keywords . The main advantage of Google search is related to nowcasting and forecasting in real time which is a solution of macroeconomic indicators that are released late ( Simionescu and Zimmermann , 2017 ) . The data are based on a representative subsample permanently updated .

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Picrosirius Red staining **data** showed that the CPC/alginate films had accumulated the less amount of collagen on day 3 but increased by day 7 with a decrease noted on day 14. The CPC/alginate films also had produced a lesser amount of collagen when compared with the other two coatings (Fig. 8) In contrast, CPC/alginate/chitosan films produced an initial higher amount of collagen which was maintained through day 14. CPC/alginate/chitosan/HNT films produced the most collagen by day 3 when compared against the other scaffolds. The levels of collagen remained relatively similar on days 3 and 7 and decreased in amount by day 14. The cumulative supports the observation that cells on all substrates produced a base organic extracellular matrix.

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There is an increasing need, fueled by new national regulations in Europe and Australia, for ISPs to ensure that personal information belonging to their users does not leave the country. It is unclear whether such regulations cover **data** in transit as well as storage, but **data** can certainly be sniffed while in transit, violating the original intent. Such regulations may place a substantial burden on ISPs to prove that such **data** remains within a country for its entire lifetime, even when it moves. It is still far from clear what the implications are on ISP operations. Currently we do not have the tools to monitor **data** in transit and state with confidence that **data** has not left a country, even briefly.

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If our goal is to promote progress towards highquality MT, we should investigate the creation of more expressive cross-lingual representations. The challenge is, then, to do so without compromising the undeniable strength of surface-based SMT. One of its strongest points is its robust descriptive nature that learns as much as possible from **data** while imposing only very few and general a priori constraints. Rather than advocating transfer systems based on specific linguistic theories, we believe that this philosophy should be upheld as much as possible as we explore more expressive transfer representations.

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Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they met all of the following criteria: 1) evaluation of the association between TLR9 -1237T/C polymorphism and the risk of IBDs; 2) a casecontrol design; 3) genotype distribution availability in cases and controls; and 4) consistency of the genotype distributions in the controls with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Studies were excluded if they met any one of the following criteria: 1) genotype or allele frequencies could not be obtained; 2) duplicated **data** were used; or 3) **data** were only presented in reviews, case-reports, or abstracts.

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AS, EL, and EG designed the experiments performed by AS, AZ, and EL. LS and HN provided RNA-seq expression **data** and discussed results. AS, EL, and EG discussed results and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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With regard to clinical significance, we conclude that the change scores found in our study (mean difference LSP at 12 months: 6,1 for CAT and 1,5 for TAU; group difference LSP at 12 months: 3,8 based on the multilevel model) are consistent with previous studies on rehabilitative interventions in this population (4 points in 12 months 45 and 6 points in 18 months 46 ). The follow-up effect for the LSP is consistent with our hypothesis that with CAT as a nursing intervention, we would be able to maintain functional improvements when the intervention is continued. That is, we expected that nurses would internalize the CAT method and continue to provide CAT to the people in their caseload. Indeed, our results suggest that by implementing CAT as a nursing intervention we achieved continued delivery of the intervention, and, thereby, maintenance of the improvement. Nevertheless, due to a lack of follow-up **data** in the control group, we cannot draw definitive conclusions with regard to sustained improvements in the control condition.

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Using the survey **data** of 315 respondents chosen randomly in many cities and regencies in North Sulawesi province, the findings suggest that not everyone has the same access to benefit programs as many of them never experience some of the programs. The findings also indicate that BPJS health insurance holders tend to have less good lives as compared to non-BPJS health insurance holders. Those who have BPJS health insurance may come from a poor community whose lives are no better than a rich community. Although the rich community is also a member of BPJS health insurance, since the launch of BPJS health insurance in 2014, the local government has encouraged the poor community to have BPJS health insurance. This encouragement increases the chunk of the poor community in the BPJS health insurance program; therefore, those who have BPJS health insurance have a less good life. Meanwhile, being the holder does not statistically affect the ability to meet daily needs. On the other hand, spending on electricity reduces the ability to meet daily needs but not necessarily make lives better or worse.

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The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 we briefly review linear response theory and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. In Section 3 we propose a goodness-of-fit test to probe for the validity of linear response in time series. In Section 4 we discuss the logistic map, demonstrate the mechanism leading to the breakdown of linear response for this one-dimensional map and show how this breakdown might not be apparent with time series of insufficient length. We show the effect of finite **data** size as well as how the choice of the observable can either mask or emphasize the non-smoothness of the invariant measure. In Section 6 we show further that an application of the FDT in situations where linear response does not exist cannot provide any reliable statistical information, not even in an averaged sense. We conclude with a summary in Section 7.

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The **data** for this analysis were taken from a larger survey of aquaponic growers, including those not involved in education, such as hobbyist and commercial farmers. As a result, our recruitment was focused on aquaponics organizations rather than schools, potentially leading to us missing some educators. Because of this recruitment method, we captured educators who were already engaged in an aquaponics network, perhaps leading to respondents having more confidence in their knowledge than educators who are not engaged with similar networks. Despite this limitation, we have captured a broad range of respondents representing a variety of academic institutions and geographic locations.

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Turning to our primary dependent variable, namely support for redistribution policies aimed at redressing wealth and income inequalities, our hypothesis was that participants' demand for redistribution through progressive taxation would be greater if they were in a collective mind-set and felt relatively economically disadvantaged. The first finding in line with this prediction comes from the ANOVAs on progressivity of taxation. In both studies results revealed a significant interaction between manipulated socio-economic status and mind-set, showing that a personal vs. collective mind-set was irrelevant for participants led to feel relatively well-off. Conversely, mind-set played an important role for those led to feel economically disadvantaged: only participants in the low socio-economic status condition indeed proposed higher progressive taxation when in a collective than in a personal mind-set (see also pooled **data** analysis). This finding clearly demonstrates that request for redistribution is highest when people feel poor and reason collectively about future.

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Actionability-'Have the processes to make changes' ⇒ More than 75% of organisations agreed for these PC-QIs: ⇒ 'Structures to report PCC performance'; 'Communication between patient and nurse'; 'Coordination of care'; 'Patient and caregiver involvement in decisions about care'; and 'Overall experience'. ⇒ Most organisations also report having the **data** or could obtain the **data** for these indicators, indicating they may be the most feasible to implement. ⇒ Provincial/territorial organisations were most likely to have processes to make changes relative to other types of organisations for 'structure' PC-QIs.

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• PRE-PROCESS: Resize the captured image to fit the predefined input shape of the DNN model. • INFERENCE: Execute **data** analysis based on pretrained DNN model. • POST-PROCESS: Extract a set of object instances, including the bounding box location and categories prediction values, and apply NMS filter. • WRITE: Render the detection results on the screen.

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To create high-quality ERP system **data** and increase rigor, we develop requirements for our **data** based on prior work. We follow Baader et al. [4], who find several requirements for both their developed **data** generator and the resulting data. We also draw additional requirements from previously conducted design science research that aims to develop a fraud detection system in the ERP domain. Here, Fuchs et al. [7] aggregate requirements for detection systems that are able to highlight fraud in ERP systems. Some of their requirements describe design decisions that need to be respected during implementation of the fraud detection approach and are unaffected by the studied **data** (e.g. requiring adaptable or intelligent logic). Other requirements, however, describe scenarios in which fraud detection approaches should yield satisfying performance (e.g. detection of outliers in values). We argue that **data** should be created such that the performance of fraud detection approaches can be validated in these scenarios, and therefore identify these requirements as directly relevant for our **data** generation process. Figure 1 gives an overview of the requirements in the preliminary work of Baader et al. [4] as well as the requirements we identify as relevant to our **data** generation process from Fuchs et al. [7]. We additionally note the resulting measures we take in our proposed **data** generation scheme to satisfy these requirements.

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Recently, deep neural networks, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNN) have gained a significant amount of attention in the literature due to their improved performance in many fields [43][44][45][46] compared to other approaches and paradigms. In NR-IQA, Kang et al. [47] applied first a CNN successfully. Namely, the authors implemented a traditional CNN which accepts image patches of 32 × 32 and predicts the patches' quality independently from each other. The entire image's perceptual quality was obtained by taking the arithmetic mean of the patches' quality scores. Similar to [47], Kim and Lee [48] trained a CNN on image patches but the patches' desired quality scores were determined by a traditional FR-IQA metric which restricts this method to the evaluation of artificially distorted images. Bare et al. [49] developed a network that operates on image patches similar to [47] but the patches target score is calculated from a traditional FR-IQA metric (feature similarity index [50]) similar to [48]. On the whole, the entire image's perceptual quality is estimated by the predicted feature similarity index [50] scores of the image patches. In contrast, Conde et al. [51] took a CNN backbone network and trained it using a loss function [52] which aims to minimize the mean squared error and maximize linear correlation coefficient between the predicted and ground-truth quality scores. Further, the authors applied several **data** augmentation techniques, such as horizontal flips, vertical flips, rotations, and random cropping. To handle images with different aspect ratios, Ke et al. [53] introduced a transformer [54] based NR-IQA model which applied a hashbased 2D absolute-position-encoding for embedding image patches extracted from multiple scales. In contrast, Zhu et al. [55] embedded the input images' original aspect ratios into the self-attention module of a swin transformer [56]. Sun et al. [57] introduced the distortion graph representation framework which contains a distortion type discrimination network aiming to discriminate between distortion types and a fuzzy prediction network for perceptual quality estimation. Liu et al. [58] introduced lifelong learning for NR-IQA to learn new distortion types without accessing to previous training data. First, the authors utilized a split-and-merge distillation strategy for compiling a single-head regression network. In the split phase, a distortion-specific generator was implemented for generating pseudo-features for unseen distortions. In the merge phase, these pseudo-features were coupled with pseudo-labels to distill knowledge about distortions.

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Protein interactions within the DGC can be categorized as occurring either within or across the plane of the membrane. The SG-SSPN subcomplex and ␤-DG are transmembrane proteins that interact laterally with one another in the sarcolemma. Dystrophin and the DGs provide a structural linkage across the sarcolemma to connect the extracellular matrix with intracellular F-actin (for a review, see Durbeej and Campbell, 2002). We found that SSPN perturbed both types of interactions in SSPN-Tg muscle. We propose that SSPNmediated aggregation of the SGs causes destabilization of ␣-DG attachment to the sarcolemma, which, in turn, leads to perturbation of basement membrane formation (Fig. 10). Taken together, our **data** support a model whereby SSPN overexpression disrupts protein interactions within and across the membrane bilayer (Fig. 10). SSPN expression caused clustering of the SGs into detergent insoluble aggregates, which were never observed in wild-type mice. Non-phenotypic , 1 m. (B) Electron micrographs were taken at higher magnifications to visualize the basement membrane. The distance between adjacent sarcolemmas is greater in the SSPN-Tg muscle than in the non-Tg muscle (white arrows). The extracellular matrix is visualized as a tight linear structure between two neighboring sarcolemmas in the non-Tg tissue. However, the extracellular matrix is randomly placed in dense, disorganized clumps in the phenotypic SSPN-Tg muscle (black arrows). Bar, 200 nm. SSPN-Tg mice displayed only low levels of SG protein aggregation. We provide **data** to suggest that SSPN overexpression drives formation of SSPN hyper-oligomers within the sarcolemma. We propose that such abnormal SSPN structures disrupt proper SG protein interactions by trapping the SGs into insoluble protein aggregates.

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The studies to date on cerebrovascular receptor upregulation have been conducted primarily on males or, in some cases, **data** from males and females have been combined. It is not known whether there are sex differences in this vascular response. To address this question in human cerebral arteries, we utilized an in vitro organ culture model to evoke ischemic-like contractile receptor changes in isolated arteries from human brain. We have established that organ culture, like experimental stroke, increases cerebrovascular expression of contractile GPCRs such as 5hydroxytryptamine type 1B (5-HT 1B ), angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT 1 ) and endothelin (ET-1) type B (ET B ) receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [11]. Organ culture is not a model for stroke per se, however it has been demonstrated to induce similar changes in vasoconstrictor responses, mRNA and protein expression of GPCRs, and intracellular Ca 2+ levels as observed after focal ischemia [15]. Therefore, organ culture is a convenient method to mimic the changes in vasoconstrictor responses to provide knowledge about vascular receptor upregulation in different tissues and insight into underlying mechanisms. Supporting this approach, the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and Raf inhibitor SB-386023 attenuated upregulation of ET B receptors after organ culture in vitro [16], and after in vivo focal cerebral ischemia [13,14] and subarachnoid hemorrhage [17,18]. In these in vivo studies, attenuated vasoconstrictor responses were associated with increased global cerebral blood flow and improved neurology outcome.

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The first author initially identified and reviewed citation on title and abstract. A second author independently reviewed and evaluated the papers selected for inclusion. We extracted the **data** related to author/s, year of publication, country, aim of the study, design and methods, sample and setting, key findings and evaluated the quality of the study (Table 1). Research studies which met the inclusion criteria were assessed for quality using the standard quality assessment criteria of Joanna Briggs Institute dependent on study design [21]. Quantitative studies were evaluated for the quality of: sample recruitment procedure, representativeness and sufficient sample size, inclusion criteria, connection between theoretical framework and hypothesis, instruments validity and reliability, ability to compare groups, suitable statistical **data** analysis, and generalizability of results. On the other hand, qualitative research studies were evaluated on: methodological congruency with the indicated philosophical view, study question, **data** collection procedures, **data** analysis methods, results interpretation, ethical consideration of study process and the basis of existing conclusion.

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Later, in a combined way techniques are used such as brainstorming (BM), importance technique with Likert scale, and GRA method. The purpose is to determine the main causes, i.e., having the maximum weight, the most impact on incompatibility. The GRA method has application for a small number of **data** (that is, even 4 data), where it is a common phenomenon during the analysis of causes of incompatibility [38,39].

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FIGURE 4 . 4Ratio of the inactivatable to the noninactivatable components of release (= peak/ steady level -1) versus the internal [Mg 2+] (mean values +-SEM; n indicated above each corresponding **data** point). All release records were corrected for depletion of calcium from the SR before determining peak/steady level. Same fibers and pulses as in Figs. 2 and 3.

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Among the numerous techniques useful for the **data** representation or decomposition of time-evolving datasets, we may distinguish several seminal techniques like those based on variance's decomposition such as principal component analysis (PCA) [3] and its probabilistic formulation [4] or nonlinear extensions [5][6][7]; techniques using eigenfunctions of Markov matrices reflecting the (local) geometry and density of the **data** [8,9]; or more recent approaches exploiting the Koopman operator theory [10][11][12].

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In rice, all except OsMKK10-1 and OsMKK10-3 are expressed in four reproductive stages from the microarray **data** (Additional file 19). Moreover, all maize and poplar MKK genes are expressed in different tissues (Additional file 19). However, the transcriptional levels in PtMKKs have a great difference, while maize is not obvious (Additional file 19). To further validate the transcripts of B. distachyon MKK genes in different tissues, we tested five different tissues that were a part of Bd21 seedling, root, leaf, stem and young caryopsis, to analyze the tissue specific expression patterns of MKK genes (Additional file 20). The results revealed that all except BdMKK10-4 are expressed in five different tissues and BdMKK6 and BdMKK10-2 have higher transcriptional levels in young caryopsis than other tissues (Additional file 20). It is interesting that previous study show that MKK10 may not be biologically functional on account of the lack part of the phosphorylation site, but OsMKK10-2 can mediate the response to pathogen defense. Not as expected, MPK6 can be phosphorylated by OsMKK10-2 which have the kinase activity [28]. Moreover, we surveyed the gene expression of MKK under abiotic stresses that public microarray **data** of Arabidopsis under wound, drought, genotoxic, cold, osmotic, high-salinity, heat, oxidative and UV-B treatment were collected (Fig. 6d). Many plant MKK genes are up-regulated upon UV-B treatment, including AtMKK4 and AtMKK5. These results indicated that plant MKK genes may be involved in UV-B related signaling. To validate the expression profile of plant MKK genes in UV-B signaling, we performed the RT-qPCR experiments on RNA collected from different time points of B. distachyon plants under UV-B treatments. The results revealed that many MKK genes are up-regulated upon UV-B treatment, including BdMKK4 and BdMKK10-5, especially BdMKK10-5 originally have low-level transcripts in B. distachyon tissue (Additional file 20). These results indicated that BdMKK genes maybe also respond the UV-B stress. In a word, we can speculate that plant MKK genes play potential roles in UV-B related signaling.

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In this section, the researchers present the proposed algorithm. The algorithm was named spreading factor congestion-aware ADR approach and is specified in Algorithm 1. The name of the algorithm came from the fact that it uses the congestion statuses of each spreading factor in the network to determine the best one for the end device that requested the ADR. The development of this algorithm was performed to answer the question: how can a modified Adaptive Data Rate algorithm be developed to efficiently manage and reduce signal interferences in LoRaWAN? And to carry out the defined research objective (i). The proposed algorithm has seven main global variables (i.e., snrList, sfList, uplinkCnt, optimizedSF, defaultMargin, snrLimit, sfUsageIndex). These variables are explained as follows: snrList: a list of SNR values to be used in determining the best **data** rate. The list is initially empty and is updated each time the end device sends an uplink to the network server. sfList: a list of SFs that corresponds to the collected SNR values. The list is also initially empty and is updated each time the end device sends an uplink to the network server. uplinkCnt: a counter to keep track of the number of uplinks that the end device has sent to the network server since the ADR was requested. optimizedSF: the SF that will represent the optimized **data** rate. This variable stores the value that the algorithm will calculate once enough **data** has been collected. defaultMargin: the device-specific margin. This value is given in the devices' datasheets. A value of 10 is used in this experiment as it is generally the value for most devices. snrLimit: a list of limits required for each SF for the receiver to be able to demodulate the received signal. These values are used in determining the margin required for optimizing the **data** rate. sfUsageIndex: a list of stored values representing the number of devices using each SF. The values will be used to determine the SF with the fewest devices using it. This list is one of the most important pieces required by the algorithm.

Is data availability statement

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Overall, the banding patterns we observed by unblot of WGA-DNA were in close agreement with those predicted by in silico restriction analysis of the Hg19 genome build (Figure 2A and B), implying uniform amplification of all regions of the DNA. On average, we observed between 18 and 22 bands per lane in fragments that varied from sample to sample. To further characterize the fragments observed to be polymorphic among individuals, we compared the distribution of polymorphic HML-2 proviruses with that of previously described copies, as interpreted by PCR screen. Comparison between HML-2derived unblotting and PCR **data** allowed for the provisional assignment of a few fragments based on shared distribution between each analysis, each of which was further supported in agreement with the corresponding in silico predicted sizes (asterisks in Figure 2A). Most clearly represented were the fragments predicted to represent the 11q22.1 5'LTR junction, with a band around 2.1 kb that Figure 2 Distribution of polymorphic HML-2 proviruses in breast cancer cases and controls. A. Comparative schematic representing the in silico-predicted sizes for HML-2 containing fragments following BsrI digestion and detected by the K-seq probe within the Hg19 genome build. Asterisks at left indicate the confirmed polymorphic proviruses, whose distribution coincides exactly between unblot banding patterns and PCR data. B. CPSII samples were sorted by case/control status (n = 25 each) and BsrI digested WGA-DNA from each group was separated by gel electrophoresis and probed with the 32 P-radiolabeled K-seq oligonucleotide. HML-2 junction fragments were visualized following exposure to film, and polymorphic insertions inferred by variable banding patterns among samples. C. Results from PCR analysis of known polymorphic proviruses for direct comparison of described polymorphic elements, where '+' indicates the confirmed presence of the tested provirus. Novel polymorphic fragments whose identity could not be inferred by comparison to PCR analysis or in silico predictions, have been indicated with arrows at right. Asterisks (at right) are used to indicate the observed fragment sizes of polymorphic elements detected in ≤5% individuals screened here.

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We made the assumption that the odds ratios from case - control studies approximate the hazard ratios from cohort studies . To obtain pooled relative risk estimates we weighted the log of the odds ratios or hazard ratios by the inverse of their variance . We ran random effects models , which include assumptions on potential variability across studies . We used the DerSimonian and Laird Q test for heterogeneity . Since this test statistic has low power with studies of small sample size and excessive power if there are many studies ( especially if they are large ) , we also calculated the I 2 statistic for each analysis . 8 This statistic describes the percentage of total variation across studies that is due to heterogeneity rather than chance ( 25 % low heterogeneity , 50 % medium , 75 % high ) . We used Galbraith plots 9 to visually examine the impact of individual studies on the overall homogeneity test statistic , and we used meta - regression to evaluate the amount of heterogeneity of study type , sex , and migraine aura status on some of the cardiovascular events . We evaluated potential publication bias by visually examining for possible skewness in funnel plots 10 and statistically with the methods described by Begg and Mazumdar 10 and Egger . 11 Egger 's method uses a weighted regression approach to investigate the association between outcome effects ( log odds ratio or log hazard ratio ) and its standard error in each study . Analyses were carried out with Stata 8.2 . Figure 1 summarises the selection of studies . Of 5746 potentially eligible articles identified through the electronic search , 5714 were excluded after an evaluation of the title and abstract . A further seven were excluded : two used the same cohorts as other studies but had shorter follow - up , 12 13 one did not present confidence intervals for the relative risks , 14 one was cross sectional and did not present overall estimates for the follow - up data , 15 one was cross sectional and the temporal association between migraine and cardiovascular events was not clear , 16 one used only descriptive statistics , 17 and one was a case - control study from a database that also contained a cohort analysis . 18 Overall , 25 studies were suitable for inclusion in the analysis ( table 1 ) .

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Resonant ARPES reveals that parts of the FS show easily observable 4f weight at 120K. As presented in Ref. [18] this 4f weight is found in k-space in the vicinity of the low mass parts of the FS, the small hole pockets around Z and the small electron pocket around Γ. The angle integrated 4f spectrum at and above TK obtained directly [23] or by k-summing the resonant ARPES spectra [83] has the gener al appearance of the impurity-model spectra of Figs. 2 and 3. Although this finding may be plausible in view of the general theoretical correlation of smaller mass, larger energy scale and larger spectral weight, there is presently no spectral theory of t he Anderson lattice capable of providing insight into ARPES **data** at this level of detail. The so called "LDA + DMFT" theory discussed in section 5.2 below is promising for further analysis of such **data** for systems where the Fermi surface is well described by the LDA.

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In [18], Kazuo obtains a unique global solution to equation (1.2) in dimension three provided the initial **data** is in the Sobolev space H m,2 (R 3 ), with m > max{5/2, 1 + 2γ 1 }, provided γ 1 and γ 2 satisfy the inequality 2γ 1 + γ 2 ≥ 5 and that (1.3) ∞ 1 ds sg 2 1 (s)g 2 (s) = ∞. The goal of this paper is to obtain a much wider array of existence results, specifically existence results for initial **data** with low regularity and for initial **data** outside the L 2 setting. We will also, when applicable, use the energy bound from [18] to extend these local solutions to global solutions. Our plan is to follow the general contraction-mapping based procedure outlined by Kato and Ponce in [7] for the Navier-Stokes equation, with two key modification.

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Probit models with spatial dependencies were first studied by McMillen (1992), and he proposed an EM algorithm to produce consistent maximum likelihood estimates for the model. In SAR probit model, the spatial dependence structure adds complexity to the estimation of parameters. The main assumption of the model is that the distribution of errors is known and is often assumed to be normal. Parameter estimation using a full maximum likelihood method is problematic because the likelihood function involves n integrals, where n is the sample size. To avoid the direct calculation of ndimensional integration, several estimators have been proposed that can produce consistent estimates when **data** are spatially autocorrelated and heteroscedastic (e.g., Beron Pinkse and Slade (1998) proposed estimators for the parameter of SAR probit model who becomes infeasible for large samples because they require the inversion of × matrices. LeSage (2000) used Bayesian estimates through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Gibbs sampling, which sampled sequentially from the complete conditional distribution for all parameters. Klier and McMillen (2008) have proposed a linearized version of the GMM estimator that avoids the infeasible problem of inverting × matrices when employing large samples and show that standard GMM reduces to a nonlinear two-stage least squares problem.

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Our theoretical model, described in Sec. II, consists of a diamond coated with a cover layer, which we also sometimes refer to as a "protective layer". We use the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to obtain noise spectra at room temperature, and we calculate the effective capacitance and loss tangent. The surface cover materials we consider are: glycerol, propylene carbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylindene flouride (PVDF), perflouropolyether (PFPE), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PMMA, PVDF, PFPE, glycerol, and PC have been commonly used in experimental work [48][49][50][51][52]. PMMA and PVDF are both solids, while all the others are liquid at room temperature. We analyze the noise spectra at frequencies ranging from 1 kHz − 10 MHz, typical in experiments, and compare the results with experimental **data** of Ref. [32].

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Code availability - The code to analyze data are available from the corresponding author upon request .

Is data availability statement

yes

In recent years , a lot of research has been devoted to the role of BAs and BAs receptor FXR , in NAFLD [ 45][46][47 ] . However , there is currently no explanation for the alterations in BAs composition in blood , the decreased ratio of secondary / primary BAs observed by us ( Extended Data 7f - j ) and others 45,47,48 , and whether it correlates with changes in tissue morphology 47 . Our data shed new light on this problem . The altered BC microanatomy and consequent pericentral micro - cholestasis may hamper BAs secretion into BC , as apical pumps ( BSEP , MRP2 ) have to operate against elevated luminal BAs concentrations . This would lead to back - flux of primary BAs into the blood , reducing their availability for conversion into secondary BAs by the intestinal microbiota ( Extended Data 7j and 8 g ) , thus contributing to the changes in BAs composition observed in NAFLD 45,47,48 . Bile flow is essential for normal liver function . Bile accumulation , due to its detergent - like properties , can cause liver damage 49,50 and bile pressure can affect metabolism 51 . Indeed , the accumulation of LD 52 and BAs 53 could induce oxidative stress and trigger apoptosis 29 , which is consistent with the reduction in pericentral hepatocytes observed in STEA and eNASH . The occurrence of pericentral micro - cholestasis is a new piece in the NAFLD pathophysiology puzzle that contributes to clarify some aspects of the disease so far without explanation , e.g. increase of GGT levels 54 , BAs in serum 55 , upregulation of MRP3 in NASH 56 and the beneficial effect of UDCA treatment in NAFLD 57 , all signs of ongoing cholestasis 41,58 .

Is data availability statement

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All 261 eligible participants were approached between September 2012 and June 2015, of whom 89 consented to participate (CAT: 42; TAU: 47). The most common reasons for not participating were no interest, or not willing to participate in the interviews or tests. Participant flow is displayed in figure 1. Full-consenters (n = 89) and those who consented to baseline staffrated **data** (n = 22) differed only with regard to age; younger people were more likely to fully participate (t(109) = −2.291, P =.024). Additionally, participants who completed the trial showed lower levels of positive symptoms compared to non-completers (t(49) = −2.524, P = .014).

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A Dell laptop with a 15 inch screen was used to run the program. The resolution was 1280 × 1080 pixels, and the refresh frequency was 50 Hz. The distance between the screen and the eyes of the participants was 450 mm. The eye movement of the participants was recorded using an SMI iView XTM RED eye tracking system (SensoMotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany). The sampling rate was 120 Hz, and the spatial resolution was 0.03°. Eye movement **data** were processed using the SMI BeGazeTM software (SensoMotoric Instruments, Teltow, Germany). Experiments 2A and 2B followed the general procedure of Experiment 1A, except that the 40 experimental trials of each condition were divided into four blocks. Each block started with a five-point calibration to ensure an error of less than 0.5° of visual angle 4 . Experiment 3. The task in Experiment 3A was to find the "O" among "X"s under clear and blurred conditions (for example of stimulus refer to supplemental material). The stimuli under both conditions were static. The stimuli of clear conditions were the same as those in the static conditions of Experiment 1A. Under blurred conditions, the same stimuli as clear conditions were processed using Photoshop to simulate the "blurring" effects of moving objects. The blurred stimuli were generated from the original stimuli using the motion blur filter of Adobe Photoshop CC 74 . The task in Experiment 3B was to find the Landolt ring among "O"s under clear and blurred conditions. The other experimental settings of Experiment 3 were consistent with those of Experiment 1.

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Arthur provides an HTTP API (via its Server class), which allows for the management (submit, delete, list) of Perceval jobs, defined as JSON documents specifying the details of the job. These details include the category of the job, parameters to run Perceval, or parameters to the scheduler, such as the maximum number of retries upon failures. Jobs are sent to the Scheduler class, which maintains queues for first-time and incremental retrievals, rescheduling in case of failures. These queues submit jobs to Workers (which can run in different machines), which are the key scalability element of Arthur. When jobs are done, workers notify the scheduler, and in case of success, they send the JSON documents, resulting from Perceval **data** retrieval, to a storage queue, where they are consumed by The Analyzer module runs third party tools on the checkouts of the repository, produced by the Client module, and passes the results, properly formatted, to the Backend module. The "tools" box shows third party tools.

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The role of the insula in speech and language processing has long been noted [54], while there is now broad clinical and functional imaging evidence for a participation of the left anterior insula in speech motor control [55]. The left insula is notably larger than the right in most humans [56], consistent with a left-hemispheric dominance in language. Mutism has been frequently observed in cases of insular pathology: Transient mutism is found in cases of left inferior motor cortex damage extending to the insula [57,58], whereas lasting mutism appears to be associated with bilateral lesions of the frontal operculum and anterior insula [59][60][61]. Functional magnetic resonance studies have revealed significant blood flow increases at the level of intrasylvian cortex during overt speech in the left anterior insula [62,63], suggesting that the left insula plays a role in the coordination of speech articulation. Because of its role in both affective and speech processing, the insula has been assumed to influence verbal affect [54]. It has been proposed [55] that the insula might fuse linguistic **data** structures with affective-prosodic information on a moment-to-moment basis into a smooth motor innervation pattern during speech production.

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In Fig . 8 we show the correlation between C Bs and Br(B → X s γ ) normalized to its central SM value . The main message from this plot is that Br(B → X s γ ) is changed by at most ±4 % which is welcomed as the SM agrees well with the data . It will be very difficult to distinguish LHT from the SM in this case . New physics effects in Br(B → X d γ ) and A CP ( B → X s , d γ ) are small .

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of racial discrimination might affect children 's socioemotional development not only through an increase in harsh parenting practices , as hypothesised here , but also through a decrease in supportive parenting . Although we were not able to assess this mechanism with the data we analysed , other studies show that psychological distress is associated with less nurturing and supportive parenting ( McLoyd , 1990 ) . Parental support is important not only as a predictor of the healthy development of children ( Pettit et al . , 1997 ) , but as a moderator in the association between experienced racial discrimination and detrimental outcomes among children ( Simons et al . , 2002 ) . Future studies that are able examine the multiple pathways , and their particular details that link vicarious racial discrimination to children 's health and development , will improve our understanding of the intergenerational transmission of ethnic inequalities in health . We did not find any associations between living in a neighbourhood where racist incidents are common , and children 's socioemotional development . We had proposed in the introduction that living in a racist neighbourhood would have a detrimental effect on maternal mental health by producing a state of heightened vigilance from the constant fear of either them , or their children , experiencing racial discrimination . It is possible that hypervigilance may also be elicited via other exposures to racial discrimination ( including personal , and those of family members ) , and not only through living in a neighbourhood where racist events are common . This is a plausible explanation given the documented association between fear of racism and poor health outcomes ( B ecares et al . , 2009 ) , and that ethnic minority mothers report they vicariously experience racism by witnessing discrimination against their children ( Sanders - Phillips et al . , 2009 ) .

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A sensitivity analysis revealed that the smallest detectable effect size with 90% power and a ¼ 0.05 was r ¼ 0.09 (using G*Power; [55]). Samples 2, 3 and 4 had smaller sample sizes with a minimum N of 207, 202 and 213, respectively, across all comparisons; these sample sizes enabled detection of r 0.22 with 90% power. To account for missing **data** across questionnaires, all correlations use individual mean scores rather than the total scores. Cases were removed from analyses where no **data** were available. All results are reported with unadjusted significance values; corrections for multiple comparisons were calculated for all within-test, within-sample analyses and are only reported where these corrections changed the interpretation of an analysis from statistically significant to not statistically significant. Differences between significant correlations were also analysed using Fisher's Z-tests and Steiger's Z-tests using online resources (http://vassarstats.net/rdiff.html; http://www.psychmike. com/dependent_correlations.php). All other analyses were carried out using SPSS. All study **data** and analysis scripts are available online (https://osf.io/gsfrj/).

Is data availability statement

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Fig. 8 . 8Correlations between ELISA and both Olink and Soma. In 60 random samples from either JHS or HERITAGE (according to sample availability), protein levels were assayed by ELISA and compared to measurements from each affinity platform. Shown here are the normalized **data** and Spearman correlations for (A) CD97, (B) mesothelin, (C) HSP70, and (D and E) ANGPTL3. In the case of (A) to (D), aptamers are those featured on the Soma1.3K, while (E) features a new ANGPTL3 aptamer, upgraded on the Soma5K platform. Absolute concentrations by ELISA are shown on a log scale axis, while affinity reagent measurements are log 2 -transformed and scaled.

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Any methods , additional references , Nature Research reporting summaries , source data , extended data , supplementary information , acknowledgements , peer review information ; details of author contributions and competing interests ; and statements of data and code availability are available at https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41591 - 022 - 01688 - 4 .

Is data availability statement

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The oxyR mutant also failed to grow in Na + -depleted medium, implying that this condition mimics oxidative stress (Fig. 5). Approximately half the genes up regulated in both ATCC 33277 parent and rprY mutant strains under Na + stress were reported to be associated with the OxyR regulon [18]. It was demonstrated that expression of several of these genes was maximal during normal anaerobic growth and were downregulated in an oxyR mutant grown under the same conditions, consistent with OxyR was a positive regulator of these genes [18]. Our **data** show that under Na + stress expression of these genes was higher in the mutant consistent with RprY being a repressor. A possible scenario is that under anaerobic conditions OxyR constitutively activates oxidative stress genes and RprY, acting as a repressor, fine-tunes the expression of a subset of these to maintain a balance that prevents a superoxidative stress response. Sodium depletion disrupts the balance triggering induction of RprY in order to restore homeostasis and eventual growth as in the parent strain. However, in the absence of RprY a superoxidative stress response ensues from which the mutant cannot recover and grow.

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Age (years) 69 [55-80] 70 [57-80] 37 [25-78] 0.011 Male sex 18 (81.8) 13 (81.3) 5 (83.3) 1.0 Body mass index 22.9 [20.7-25.1] 21.4 [19.7-25.9] 23.3 [22.5-25.8] 0.395 Comorbidities Hypertension 11 (50) 10 (62.5) 1 (16.7) 0.149 Diabetes mellitus 3 (13.6) 2 (12.5) 1 (16.7) 1.0 Hyperlipidemia 3 (13.6) 3 (18.8) 0 (0) 0.533 Chronic kidney disease 1 (4.5) 1 (6.3) 0 (0) 1.0 Heart failure 3 (13.6) 3 (18.8) 0 (0) 0.533 History of PCI 2 (9.1) 2 (12.5) 0 (0) 1.0 History of CABG 1 (4.5) 1 (6.3) 0 (0) 1.0 TIA, Stroke 2 (9.1) 2 (12.5) 0 (0) 1.0 Malignancy 3 (13.6) 3 (18.8) 0 (0) 0.533 Use of antiplatelet medication 3 (13.6) 3 (18.8) 0 (0) 0.533 Use of anticoagulant medication 3 (13.6) 3 (18.8) 0 (0) 0.533 Vital signs GCS score 15 [15-15] 15 [15-15] 15 [15-15] 0.408 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 142 [130-167] 137 [128-166] 153 [131-178] 0.199 Heart rate (/min) 88 [72-98] 90 [76-113] 82 [65-89] 0.207 Respiratory rate (/min) 22 [18-25] 22 [18-27] 21 [18-23] 0.426 SpO 2 (%) 98 [96-99] 98 [97-99] 98 [97-100] 0.171 Symptoms Stridor 10 (45.5) 10 (62.5) 0 (0) 0.015 Purpura on the neck 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) Deviation of the trachea 5 (22.7) 5 (31.3) 0 (0) 0.266 Cervical swelling 9 (40.9) 9 (56.3) 0 (0) 0.046 Laboratory **data** White blood cell count (10 3 /μL) 9.7 [6.9-16.1] 10.3 [6.5-16.2] 9.4 [7.9-15.7] 0.966 Hemoglobin (g/dL) 13.2 [11.5-14.3] 13.0 [9.6-13.7] 15.3 [14.0-16.1] 0.004 Platelet count (10 3 /μL) 20.3 [14-25.7] 17.9 [11.9-25.0] 24.0 [20.9-30.2] 0.043 PT-INR 1.02 [0.96-1.1] 1.03 [1.0-1.23] 0.96 [0.93-1.01] 0.246 APTT (s) 28.5 [26.5-32.8] 30 [26.9-35.8] 27 [25.7-29.5] 0.233 Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 274 [219-347] 283 [233-365] 231 [188-274] 0.304

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The corresponding **data** shapes are shown in Table 5. Recall that cuDNN treats (N, P, Q, K, C, R, S) convolutions as implicit (NPQ, K, CRS) matrix multiplications. DeepSpeech 16 79 341 32 1 5 20 431024 100 Conv1 16 38 166 32 32 5 10 100928 1600 Conv2 OCR 16 24 240 32 16 3 3 92160 144 Conv3 16 12 120 64 32 3 3 23040 288 Conv4 Face Recognition 8 54 54 64 64 3 3 23328 576 Conv5 8 27 27 128 128 3 3 5832 1152 Conv6 16 The performance benefits of ISAAC (see Figure 9) are noticeable but not as large as they were for GEMM. This is because cuDNN was optimized from the ground up with both Maxwell and DeepBench-like problems in mind (Large NPQ, small K and intermediate CRS). N P Q K C R S NPQ CRS Name Nonetheless, we note substantial performance gains (1.5× to 2×) over cuDNN for the deep reductions found in Conv7 and Conv8.

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Therefore , seeking to identify available surveillance options to track the infections generated by COVID-19 using user data , the present study conducts an original Systematic Literature Review ( SLR ) of previous studies published thus about strategies , technologies , and actions to track and geolocate data from users ' mobile devices . The results are then analyzed from the point of view of user privacy .

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For a fair comparison, the scores are computed on the same **data** for each experiments, i.e. on the nonprojective structures minus the anchors and the dependencies combined with punctuations.

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In another study, [10] carried out a study on information provision and dissemination patterns among migrants' fisher folks in Cross River estuary, Nigeria. Survey design was used for the study. Population of the study consisted of artisanal fisher folks scattered in 68 fishing villages. Random sampling was used for the selection of fisher folks. Instruments for **data** collection were semi-structured questionnaire and interview. Descriptive statistics such as simple percentages were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed the preferred information channels to fishermen as radio and extension agents. The researchers articulated the reasons for preferring these information sources as radio accessibility, reliability and affordability while the strength of extension agents as information source lies in their ability to make information clear and also are best suited to offer knowledge. Some fishing community areas of Nigeria has been studied, but these local government areas have not benefited from such studies.

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TABLE VI . VIThe average relative uncertainties for each **data** set i resulting from the variance analysis proposed by Badikov et al.[35] (< σi >, < ση,i >, < σ ,i >) are compared with the ones derived from the reported uncertainties (< ui >, < uη,i > , < u ,i >). The total uncertainties are indicated without a sub-index. For the uncertainties due to systematic and random effects the sub-indices η and , respectively, are used. They are derived by taking the average of the relative values for the three energy groups multiplied by 100. The last three columns give the ratio between the values from the variance analysis and the reported ones for each component and for the total uncertainty. Uncertainty ratios that differ significantly from one indicate overestimated (> 1 in red) or underestimated (< 1 in blue) reported uncertainties.Dataset Reported values Variance analysis Ratio < σi > < ση,i > < σ ,i > < ui > < uη,i > < u ,i > total η Tovesson 0.91 0.84 0.34 2.38 2.31 0.55 2.63 2.76 1.63 n TOF (1) 2.40 1.73 1.77 2.60 2.08 1.56 1.08 1.20 0.94 n TOF (2) 3.65 2.49 2.67 2.66 2.34 1.27 0.73 0.94 0.48 n TOF (3) 3.65 3.35 1.44 2.43 2.12 1.18 0.67 0.63 0.82 n TOF (4) 4.39 3.74 2.30 3.04 2.29 2.00 0.69 0.61 0.87 Behrens 1.46 0.81 1.21 2.57 2.26 1.22 1.76 2.79 1.01 Difilippo 2.48 2.39 0.66 2.77 2.20 1.68 1.12 0.92 2.54 Cierjacks 3.01 1.09 2.81 2.77 2.36 1.45 0.92 2.16 0.52 Coates 3.44 2.92 1.82 3.27 2.31 2.32 0.95 0.79 1.27 Shcherbakov 2.53 2.45 0.64 2.47 2.31 0.88 0.98 0.94 1.37 Lisowski 1.54 0.94 1.22 2.59 2.28 1.24 1.68 2.42 1.01

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Despite the potential for shifting rookery contributions to Bahamian foraging assemblages over time (Bjorndal & Bolten, 2008;van der Zee et al., 2019), no study to date has confirmed this at other known foraging areas in the Bahamas. The lack of recent genetic analyses of Bahamian turtles means that **data** used in the previous Bahamian MSAs do not reflect haplotype frequencies representing longer mtDNA sequences and mtSNPs (Shamblin et al., 2016), nor do such haplotype **data** exist for any Bahamian foraging assemblage. Thus, previous analysis of rookery contributions may not be as accurate as contemporary techniques allow. Additionally, the Bahamas comprise a long chain of islands (>800 km) and it is possible that different Bahamian foraging locations would present with different rookery contributions, perhaps due to the influence of regional ocean currents (Shamblin et al., 2016), rookery sizes (Lahanas et al., 1998), or to juvenile natal homing (Shamblin et al., 2016).

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Deciphering the signal transduction in normal cells and cancer cells is an essential step in curing cancer. In spite of its importance, understanding of the human signaling pathways is very limited. In fact, predicting the regulatory relationship between kinases/ phosphatases and transcription factors remains an extremely difficult problem. The methodology proposed in this study with hetero-regulatory similarity score and the hetero-regulatory module attempts to solve this problem. Our results demonstrate that signal transduction can be accurately recapitulated by a multilevel analysis of large-scale datasets. Although this study is conducted and tested in the model organism S.cerevisiae, we suppose that this method can be easily exploited in other organisms when the **data** becomes available. Currently, the binding specificity of many transcription factors has been studied through ChIP-chip and ChIP-seq experiments in human. With the recent development in RNAi technology, the construction of kinase/phosphatase single mutation cell lines and genome-wide measurement of gene expression level in these cell lines will be straightforward. Thus, our approach serves as a promising tool for the discovery of signaling pathways in human.

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Collecting **data** from the same source (employees) may cause common method bias. Measures were taken to reduce the possible common method bias during **data** collection, such as using leader-member pairing mode and multiple sources. Specifically, independent variables and dependent variables were collected separately, by having leaders instead of employees report on employee innovative behavior. Furthermore, this study also used Harman's single-factor test to examine the possible common method deviations. The results showed that the most covariance explained by one factor was 20.7%, less than the cutoff value of 50%. The cumulative can explain 71.40% of the variance. As no single factor explained large variance, common method bias was not a potential problem in our study.

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To determine the progressing changes, the LC mapping for a region is an important task. Land-cover mapping helps us discover whether a specific sector, i.e., agriculture or urban, requires proper planning and management. Land-cover descriptions and the area occupied by each LC type for Punjab, Pakistan, are available in Table 2. Punjab, Pakistan, has 5 major rivers: Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum, Bias, and Chenab. These rivers carry sediments that arise due to swift erosion from the Himalayan south mountains into the Indus River Delta and then into the Arabian Sea [46]. The LC type **data** of Punjab, Pakistan, that were identified from MODIS (MCD12Q1) images using IGBP classifications are shown in Figure 2 and Table 2. [43]. The rainfall in Punjab is widespread, which is generally connected to monsoon winds. The highest rainfall was received by the rain-fed (Barani) zone and the irrigated plains, marginal land, and Thal region [44]. Altogether, the climate is arid and has an annual precipitation of 100 mm in the south, 600 mm in the northwest, and 1000 mm at the northeastern boundary. The yearly primary precipitation is from the monsoon season from June till September, leading to flooding [45]. The temperature generally ranges between −2 °C and 45 °C, but it can go as high as 47 °C in the summer season, and it can as low as −5 °C during the winter season.

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In both insect species, the AB treatments did not affect the survival of larvae fed non-Bt control maize (data not shown). However, the two insect species exhibited different responses to the combined effects of Bt maize variety and AB treatment. Therefore, we present the **data** for each insect species separately below.

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yes

Figure 1 : 1(Color online) Midrapidity p T spectra at 200 GeV for D 0 (D 0 ) meson, inclusive electron, nonphotonic electron, and muon. The solid (dashed) lines are from σ NN cc by STAR (PHENIX). D 0 **data** tagged with (CuCu) or (dAu) are obtained from Cu+Cu or d+Au collisions based on the binary scaling. Data are from Refs.[9,10,11,12,13].

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Control-plane-only for detection: One way to detect detours is to use traceroute, analyze reported hops and use latency as an indication of a detour. This approach was followed by [11] that studied peering relationships in Africa; we too use this approach to validate our results on live data. However, we detect detours using only control plane data. This has a number of advantages: 1) Collecting **data** plane information at an Internet scale is hard. It needs infrastructure and visibility provided by Atlas probes or Ark monitors is limited. Moreover, running too many traceroutes from own network to others might lead to blacklisting. 2) Small footprint of our methodology makes it easily reproducible. Any network operator can pull a RIB dump from his/her border router and run Netra to detect detours for prefixes they own.

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(3) Digital elevation model (DEM), which was downloaded from the Geospatial Data Cloud Available online: http://www.gscloud.cn/ (accessed on 26 April 2020). In the above data, the DEM data, with a resolution of 30 m, can be extracted into slope and elevation. (4) The highway, the primary road and railroad **data** procured from OpenStreetMap Available online: http://www.openstreetmap.org (accessed on 13 July 2020). The population density **data** was provided by Landscan Available online: https://landscan.ornl.gov/ (accessed on 18 December 2020). (5) The 1000 m Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) **data** and 30 m land use and land cover change (LUCC) **data** were obtained from the Data Centre for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC) Available online: http://www.resdc.cn (accessed on 26 April 2020). NDVI and LUCC **data** were obtained by remote sensing image processing. NDVI **data** was based on inversion of SPOT/VEGETATION and MODIS satellite remote sensing and LUCC **data** was generated by manual visual interpretation based on Landsat 8 remote sensing images. (6) China Nature Reserve, the earthquake and landslide vector **data** acquired from RESDC. China Nature Reserve are surface vector data, the rest are point vector data.

Is data availability statement

yes

Although our linguistic heuristics works slightly better for **data** parsed by Charniak' parser, the incorrect SCF cue rate after applying heuristics remains at about the same level for the two different parsers we used.

Is data availability statement

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We analysed students' responses to psychological supervision using 3 years of evaluation data. Both free-text and quantitative **data** were examined, independently and in parallel.

Is data availability statement

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Finally we consider the evolution of the black hole mass density in Figure 7. The grey band represents the observed z = 0 density from Shankar et al. (2009) and BS09 slightly overestimates this value. The model of PNK11 produces a density that is a factor of three smaller than BS09 at z = 0 and also outside the observed value. Overall, PNK11 has a smooth evolution of the density with redshift. BS09 has a less smooth distribution and grows in three stages. Tremaine et al. (2002). This is different to the scatter on the **data** which is larger. BS09 is well fit by the observations, but PNK11 tends to produce larger velocity dispersions for high mass black holes. BS09 PNK11 Figure 5. The M BH − M * relation for BS09 (left) and PNK11 (right). The red line and shading represents the observed best fit and the uncertainty on this fit from Marleau et al. (2012). This is different to the scatter on the **data** which is larger. BS09 is well fit by the observations, but tends to produce higher stellar mass galaxies for low mass black holes. PNK11 tends to produce larger stellar mass galaxies for high mass black holes. has a lower black hole accretion rate to BS09, which weakens the feedback leading to high mass galaxies becoming too massive.

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The consequences of using the current h values for the historic ones at the time of a paper's publication when calculating h α are, in fact, poorly understood and closely related to the time dependence of h for individual scientists. In the present work, we show that historical h values can be readily calculated using retrievable **data** from Web of Science and we study the time dependence of h for a large number of condensed matter physicists. We show that the average of h over a larger population does indeed show a roughly linear time dependence, but this does not hold on the level of individual scientists. Given the relative ease of calculating historical h values, the definition of h α could thus be modified such that the α-author is determined at the time of a paper's publication. However, a more severe practical problem with h α is that it is extremely difficult to calculate due to (co-)author name disambiguation. arXiv:1905.01943v1 [cs.DL] 6 May 2019

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Theorem 2 guarantees existence and uniqueness of the solution of the GLK equation only when the **data** f (t) belongs to the range of the operator of the forward problem, i.e. for the case of errorless data. However, in the realistic case of an error in the data, stability with respect to this error is not guaranteed by Theorem 2. Hence, the question about regularizing properties of GLK remains open. On the other hand, estimate (41) of Theorem 1 ensures stability of AGCM with respect to a small error in the data, and the same is true for the 3-d version of this method [6,9,25].

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Based on the experimental work an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed to predict BSFC and BTE. The input parameters were load, percentage of biodiesel, injection angle, injection pressure. The predictive ability of the developed network model for BSFC and BTE is excellent. The selected input parameter for this work is based on e review of the literature [23][24][25][26]. The comparison is made between network predicted Thermal efficiency with experimental **data** and which is shown in Fig. 11. The percentage of deviation between ANN predicted BTE with experimental BTE is exhibited in Fig. 12. The developed ANN model for Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) has a very low MSE content of 0.0069 along with RMSE of 0.66522% and MEP of 1.12% across all the test points. The correlation coefficient (R) for network estimated values is 0.995355.

Is data availability statement

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According to preclinical studies, GABA B receptors modulate anxiety and depression-related behaviors (21), and baclofen may induce better results among AUD patients affected by anxiety and/or mood disorders through a reduction of the severity of these disorders. The present narrative mini-review was aimed at investigating the role of psychiatric comorbidity in explaining potential different responses to baclofen treatment among AUD patients. The results show that the majority of AUD patients treated with baclofen and described by the case reports, as well as the observational and retrospective studies, suffered from anxiety and/or mood disorders. This finding agrees with **data** of large epidemiological studies (14,60). However, the results of the present review also show that, despite these disorders being common among AUD patients, patients with severe mental disorders (including severe anxiety and mood disorders) were excluded by the randomized, controlled, trials (RCTs) conducted to evaluate the efficacy of baclofen to treat AUD. Therefore, these results do not allow us o evaluate whether baclofen efficacy is different in AUD patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders compared to those without. One RCT found that baclofen administration reduced alcohol consumption in anxious patients, but not in patients with low levels of anxiety (55). However, in this study, baclofen administration did not significantly reduce anxiety levels. A recent meta-analysis also found no difference between baclofen and placebo in reducing both depression and anxiety levels among AUD patients (64). The results of the present review may be useful to better understand these results. Indeed, both these studies (55,64) evaluated the efficacy of baclofen in modifying the severity of anxiety or depression among AUD patients not affected by severe mental disorders. In addition, the RCTs used different scales to measure the severity of anxiety and/or depression, such as self-reported rating scales (e.g., STAI, BDI, and ZUNG) and interviewer-rated scales (e.g., HAM-A, HAM-D, and MADRS). The exclusion of patients with severe mental disorders, and the variability in the scales adopted, prevents current meta-analyses to evaluate potential differences in baclofen efficacy in reducing the severity of the comorbid mental disorders. To reduce the variability, the interviewer-rated scales should be used rather than self-reported rating scales (65,66). Accordingly, it is desirable that future RCTs investigate the efficacy of baclofen in AUD patients affected by other mental disorders, using interviewer-rated scales to establish the effects on the severity of anxiety and/or depression.

Is data availability statement

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2D SANS pattern of F27 sample show intensity peaks around Q y ≈ ±0.02 Å −1 even at low field of 0.004 T ( Figure 3a ) . Increasing the magnitude of the applied magnetic field changes the 2D SANS pattern of F27 IONPs from curved and diffuse horizontal stripes at low fields into sharp straight stripes at high fields ( Figure 3a - f ) . Importantly , the field - induced patterns revert back to their original state by removing the magnetic field . The radially averaged data shown in Figure 2 indicates the presence of chains , thus 2D anisotropic SANS data is divided into sectors parallel to the applied field H to reveal the structural details of these chains .

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In this work we consider exactly this scenario, where a set of semanticallyrelated relations are hidden while for another set the complete contents are visible. We will consider semantic relationships specified in a variety of languages that are rich enough to capture complex relationships between sources, including relationships that arise in **data** integration, as well as common integrity constraints within a single source, such as referential constraints. The basic analysis problem we will consider will be the following: given a schema and a (for simplicity, Boolean) query Q, can we infer using **data** and schema information that the result of Q is true or that the result is false.

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Data collection. We started with the manually collected and annotated dataset of 300 websites described in Soe et al. (2020). The dataset of the Soe et al. (2020) is available on https://github.com/videoworkflow/cookiepopup. We split this dataset and use it in training and testing. This **data** set describes the cookie banners that were encountered in each of the visited websites. Each website was visited on a browser running on a laptop computer in an Incognito mode by a reviewer who recorded information about the websites containing cookie banners. All websites were news outlets, in English or in a Scandinavian language.

Is data availability statement

yes

To further investigate why these methods fail , we performed a sequence of experiments with the two nested ' C 's data , while changing the distance between the two clusters . The results are shown in Figure 6 . We can see that all three methods fail to cluster the points correctly once the clusters can not be separated using non - overlapping convex shapes .

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Over recent years , of all of these risk factors , particular focus has been placed on the examination of socioeconomic status and its importance with regard to the impact on incidences of stroke . The majority of the studies examining this factor have tended to use individual - level data from which an inverse correlation is reported between incidences of stroke and socioeconomic status . For example , based upon hospital administration data , with adjustment for risk factors , Hart et al . ( 2000 ) found an inverse association between strokes and categories of deprivation . Additionally , based upon panel data from the US Health and Retirement Study , Avendano and Glymour ( 2008 ) found that both wealth and income were significant contributory factors to incidences of stroke .

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5 network core and enhance the QoS. This claim is logical since more than 75% of the **data** that traverse the network are delivered to the Internet network. Mobility Management Entity (MME) will have direct fast access to each User Terminal (UT) and with the aid of NI unit it will be able to predict UT future positions. Switching GateWay (SGW) can cooperate with upper VN SGW to quickly switch any connection to its destination. The distributed EPC proves its ability to reduce E2E delay, backhaul overhead, and QoS.

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The RMSE values presented in Table 4 indicate the acceptable prediction accuracy of the alternative models for intentions to visit during the COVID-19 pandemic , with the training data 's mean RMSE value equalling 0.2806 and the testing data 's mean RMSE value equalling 0.2904 . The RMSE values presented in Table 5 likewise reveal the acceptable prediction accuracy of the alternative models for intentions to travel after the COVID-19 pandemic , with the training data 's mean RMSE value equalling 0.3859 and the testing data 's mean RMSE value equalling 0.4084 .

Is data availability statement

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Detailed MTR data were provided by the Hong Kong MTR Corporation . The data , from 1 January to 31 March 2020 , included masked card/ ticket ID ( the ID after masked and processed , not the original ID on cards ) , entry / exit station , entry / exit time , ticket type ( smartcard / ticket ) and card type of each passenger . The MTR system has five card types : adult , child ( ages 3 - 11 years ) , student ( ages 12 - 25 years and enrolled in a primary / middle / high school , university or institution of higher education ) , senior ( ages 65 years and above ) and others ( e.g. , disabled , MTR staff ) . The MTR data excluded airport express lines and the light rail systems .

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Theta range for **data** collection 1.40 to 27.48˚.

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where we have marginalized the nuisance parameter α C . Here N S is the number of solar data points ( N S = 4 in the Rates Analysis and N S = 41 in the Global Analysis ) and N C = 14 is the number of CHOOZ data points . X 2 S is the solar least - squares function and V S is the corresponding covariance matrix , whose calculation in the Rates Analysis and in the Global Analysis is explained , respectively , in Sections 2.1 and 2.2 . X 2 C is the CHOOZ least - squares function and V C is the corresponding covariance matrix , whose calculation is explained in Section 2.1 .

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While the committee in New Zealand discussed principles in much the same way as other commissions, the discussion occurred in the context of making recommendations about covered services. The committee rejected the idea of having an "Oregon-like" list of services constitute the basic package, but did define eligibility criteria for coverage of specific services. In order to make appropriate recommendations, the Committee looked at unit cost and volume of treatment **data** for common conditions and identified areas where efficiency could be improved [34,35]. They also used information on public values and opinions, gathered through public meetings, to inform their recommendations. Subsequently, the Committee, renamed the National Health Committee (NHC) in 1996, met yearly to reevaluate and recommend changes to publicly funded health services based on new information or developments.

Is data availability statement

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of the extracellular matrix and the sarcolemma, electron microscopy was performed on non-Tg and phenotypic SSPN-Tg muscle. Electron micrographs of EDL muscles reveal that SSPN-Tg muscle possesses normal sarcomere structures (Fig. 9A). Defects in the sarcolemma of SSPN-Tg muscle were not observed, supporting **data** from the Evans Blue dye and creatine kinase assays (Fig. 3). However, the distances between sarcolemma of adjacent myofibers appeared to be greater in the SSPN-Tg muscle compared with non-Tg controls (white arrows, Fig. 9A,B). Photomicrographs of the sarcolemma taken at higher magnification show that the extracellular matrix in SSPN-Tg muscle is characterized by randomly placed, unorganized dense clumps (black arrows, Fig. 9B). By contrast, the extracellular matrix from non-Tg muscle appeared to be a tight, linear structure that was closely aligned in a parallel fashion with the sarcolemma (Fig. 9B). The disorganization of the basement membrane in SSPN-Tg muscle may account for the larger spacing between neighboring myofibers. Perturbation of the extracellular matrix represents a likely pathological mechanism for the severe and lethal dystrophic phenotype observed in the SSPN-Tg mice, as proposed in our model (Fig. 10).

Is data availability statement

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At r h > 25 au , the coma is too weak to be well measured in the data . It is possible that more volatile species ( N 2 , CH 4 , or CO ) could have dominated sublimation at these times . These latter species , however , have orders of magnitude higher vapor pressure ( and specific sublimation rates ) than CO 2 and N H 3 do at T = 78 K , the η = 1 subsolar temperature for r h = 25 au . Any surface abundance in their pure ice forms on the surface of BB must be very low relative to the CO 2 /N H 3 that appear to dominate sublimation at r h ≤ 25 au . Perhaps these more - volatile species were heavily sublimated from BB during its previous perihelion passage to ≈ 18 au , , leaving behind a crust that is . Left : Following Eq . 18 and assuming radiative equilibrium temperatures , we plot the log of Afρ v th √ T vs 1 / T , which should yield a straight line if the coma 's scattering strength is proportional to the sublimation rate of a single species following the Clausius - Clapeyron ( CC ) relation . For either the fast - or slow - rotator bounds on radiative equilibrium ( η = 0.75 , 1 ) , the data are well fit by such a form . Right : Relative probability of the enthalpy of sublimation ∆H in a fit of Eq . 18 to the measured values of Afρ , marginalizing over the scaling constant . The central red curve gives the nominal case , with η = 1 and a dust velocity scaling with the thermal velocity . The left blue curve assumes a fast - rotating limit ( η = 0.75 ) and the right dashed curve assumed dust velocities scaling with radiation pressure ( v d ∝ T 4 ) . The enthalpies of sublimation of potential cometary volatiles are marked : the data strongly favor CO2 or N H3 as the driver of BB 's mass loss to date .

Is data availability statement

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For all experiments, the moths were reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet (Greene et al. 1976) until reaching the adult stage. After the start of oviposition in the laboratory (age 3 d), the moths were released into the cages at the beginning of the scotophase at a density of 100 pairs (100 males and 100 females) per cage and maintained for 3 d for egg-deposition on the plants. All detected egg masses were removed 72 h after the release of the moths and taken to the laboratory, where the number of eggs and egg position on the plant (bottom, middle, and upper sector of the canopy) were evaluated. Canopy sectors were identified by measuring plants of each species and equally dividing them into 3 parts. Therefore, the size of each part is different for each host species. Even though some of the host species might be small at the time of oviposition, canopy division **data** is able to provide further insight into this biological parameter. Understanding the oviposition preference for each part of the plant canopy is important for growers to help them find eggs in the field. This is crucial to forecast pest outbreaks as well as to devise necessary biological control strategies such as the release of egg parasitoids.

Is data availability statement

no

These literature consider using the causal effect of an intervention on a surrogate outcome (e.g., patients' short-term health) as a proxy for its treatment effect on the outcome of primary interest (e.g., long-term health). To this end, many criteria have been proposed to ensure the validity of the surrogate outcome. Examples include the statistical surrogate criterion [Prentice, 1989], principal surrogate criterion [Frangakis and Rubin, 2002], consistent surrogate criterion [Chen et al., 2007], among many others. However, these criteria can easily run into logic paradox [Chen et al., 2007] or rely on unidentifiable quantities, showing the challenge of causal inference when the primary outcome is completely missing. When multiple surrogates are available, , Price et al. [2018] consider transforming these surrogates to optimally approximate the primary outcome. Their approaches can avoid the surrogate paradox discussed in Chen et al. [2007]. Nevertheless, learning surrogate transformations requires experimental **data** with long-term outcome observations in the first place, which can be very demanding in practice.

Is data availability statement

no