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Data on GDP and total energy consumption were taken from the China Statistical Yearbook and the China Energy Statistical Yearbook respectively . CO 2 emissions data were calculated using Eq . ( 1 ) . Fig . 1 describes relative changes in emissions , energy consumption , and GDP in China during the period 1990 - 2012 . As shown in Fig . 1 , the Chinese economy has undergone spectacular economic development , with an annual growth rate of 16.31 % over the past twentytwo years . China 's GDP increased from 1866.7 to 51,894.2 billion Yuan between 1990 and 2012 . Although China has made remarkable developmental progress , it has not yet completed the historical task of industrialization and its development is unbalanced . Thus , China still faces an arduous task in developing its economy , eliminating poverty , and improving the livelihoods of its population . Economic growth can improve living standards , but it can also lead to increases in energy consumption and CO 2 emissions . While the economy prospered , it is worth bearing in mind that China 's total energy consumption jumped from 1311.76 million t in 1990 to 3617.32 million t in 2012 ( Fig . 1 ) . According to our calculations , CO 2 emissions increased from 1.89 billion t in 1990 to 8.02 billion t in 2012 ( Fig . 1 ) . The upper fitting curve in Fig . 2 shows the correlated relationship between economic growth ( the independent variable ) and energy consumption ( the dependent variable ) during the period 1990 - 2012 . The lower curve displays the correlated relationship between economic growth ( the independent variable ) and CO 2 emissions ( the dependent variable ) during the same period . As shown in Fig . 2 , the three variables are strongly correlated ( displaying high R 2 values . ) Fig . 3 displays a scatter plot and distribution overlay of economic growth levels , energy consumption levels , and CO 2 emissions data in the form of a box chart , with the bottom and top of the box representing the 25th and 75th percentiles . Form Fig . 3 , we find CO 2 emissions to be highly concentrated at 5.26 billion t , and mainly dispersed from 3.33 to 6.68 billion t. Energy consumption is mainly distributed between 1300 and 2500 million t , and is concentrated at 1700 million t ( Fig . 3 ) . GDP is distributed from 8440.5 to 26,581.7 billion Yuan , with the most concentrated GDP at 12,033.3 billion Yuan .

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To identify modulators of endothelial tube and lumen formation using the new optimized assay , we performed a high - content screening of a compound library containing 150 FDA - approved cardiovascular drugs in a 96 - well plate format at a final concentration of 5 µM in duplicate . Sunitinib was used as a positive control . Using the image analysis approach , we quantified two morphological parameters : total tube length and lumen area . Treated wells were normalized to negative control ( vehicle , DMSO ) wells . Compounds that changed the total tube length or lumen area by > 4 × SD from the mean of the DMSOtreated control wells were considered enhancer hits ( Figure 2a ) . Of the 150 compounds , we found that several L - type calcium channel blockers with different chemical structures could enhance the formation of lumen compared to controls ( Figure 2b ) . Lacidipine was selected for further validation and mechanistic studies . Dose - dependent effects of Lacidipine on the lumen area confirmed the screen results and demonstrated that the half - maximal effective concentration ( EC 50 ) of Lacidipine is ( 250 nmol / l ) in this assay ( Figure 2c ) . Our data shows that L - type calcium blockers enhance the endothelial lumen formation in our assay .

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Interest in the LL was greatly intensified by Anderson's proposal [127] that the ARPES lineshapes and certain other properties of the superconducting cuprates signaled in a general way the possibility of LL behavior in quasi 2-d systems, and by pioneering PES studies [128][129][130] of quasi-1-d metals that found power law onsets to EF rather than a Fermi edge. A complication for interpreting the PES **data** is that below a transition temperature TCDW the quasi-1-d metals studied display static charge density wave (CDW) formation which gaps the quasi-1-d FS and produces an insulator. Especially in 1-d, strong CDW fluctuations involving electron-phonon interactions above TCDW can cause the PES lineshape to have NFL behavior that mimics that of the LL, in particular that there can be a pseudogap [131][132][133] such that the weight at EF is greatly suppressed. This situation has motivated ARPES activity [17] on low-dimensional non-cuprate materials with the intent of elucidating CDW behavior, of searching for a paradigm having the distinctive features of the LL lineshape, and of seeing connections to cuprate spectra. The finding of the FL paradigm TiTe2 discussed in section 3.2 above was part of this general program, which has now progressed also to success with the other two goals, as described next.

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Both our results and experimental **data** suggest Sok2 has an extensive interaction with HOG pathway, and may be a novel transcription factor in this pathway.

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An integrated approach for the assessment of marine pollution generates large and heterogeneous datasets including variables with very different metrics and distributions. All of these must be considered when selecting the method for **data** analysis. In this Research Topic, Regoli et al. applied a Weight of Evidence (WOE) model to results from the monitoring of offshore platforms, based on multiple lines of evidence including chemical analyses and biological responses. The assessment of environmental quality was summarized in terms of hazard quotients, providing a useful tool for the application of risk assessment in environmental management. Lehtonen et al. assessed pollution impacts in coastal areas of Finland with a WOE approach, using caged mussels. The integration of chemical and biological effect **data** revealed that the health of marine organisms in the area of study is being altered by pollution. Parmentier et al. assessed the effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the brown shrimp (Crangon crangon) and suggest that long-term endocrine disruption effects was the reason for previously unexplained declines in C. crangon and other crustacean populations in the German Bight. Förlin et al. studied perch (Perca fluviatilis) populations at reference sites from the Swedish National Monitoring Program where a decline in fish health had been previously observed. Alterations in several biological responses, confirmed by mRNA expression levels, were related to higher concentrations of natural, bioactive brominated compounds measured in the perch, attributed to algal blooms in the Baltic Sea. Yang et al. studied the distribution and levels of persistent organic pollutants in surface sediments of Qingduizi Bay. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) levels were attributed to their extensive historical use in adjacent areas. However, the DDT profile showed recent usage and fresh inputs from aquaculture activities, with levels that could be potentially toxic to marine organisms.

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As mentioned in the introduction domain adaptation is a relatively new field. It is also relatively loosely defined with regards to e.g. how 'related' are the domains, and how 'few' labelled samples exist in the target domain. Also, the general problem statement applies to several application domains, such as natural language processing and computer vision. For all these reasons, there is a big variety in the proposed methods. Inspired by the categorization proposed in [Jiang, 2008], we begin by considering instance weighting methods for relaxation of the DA assumptions in Sec. 3. We consider methods utilizing the source **data** to regularize target models in Sec. 4. We then survey method seeking common representation across domains in Sec. 5. Section 6 make connections to transfer learning, and Sec. 7 briefly survey method for multi-modal learning.

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Figure 10 . 10Landsat 8 thermal bands (10, 7, 6, merged with band 8) RGB-combination enhancing NS-and NE-SW-oriented linear features (arrows) Principal component image processing of Landsat 8 **data** enhanced structural features, as shown in

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This research explored the dark side of social media use among Gen Z during the first pandemic lockdown in the UK and adds to empirical evidence of the devastating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people 's mental health . Using the S - O - R framework , this study reveals the detrimental effect of COVID-19 information overload on social media that resulted in Gen Z social media users ' psychological ill - beingsocial media fatigue and fear of COVID-19 . Both social media fatigue and fear of COVID-19 motivated Gen Z to disengage from social media and translated perceived information overload into social media users ' discontinuance intention . However , as social media is considered the main means by which members of Gen Z maintained contact with each other during the lockdown , FoMO was seen to buffer the impact of social media fatigue and fear of COVID-19 on Gen Z 's social media discontinuance intention . Our research provides unique and original evidence demonstrating the psychological mechanism associated with Gen Z 's social media use during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and advances understanding of the ' side effects ' of COVID-19 from social and psychological perspectives . We also highlight a series of practical implications for social media users , social media platform providers , and health officials , institutions , and organizations to consider in using social media in a more effective and sustainable manner during a global pandemic and in the post - pandemic time . The present study has several limitations , such as utilizing cross - sectional data and focusing on one age group and one country during the initial pandemic phase . However , in light of the continuing pandemic , such limitations also have important implications for avenues of future work .

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We next investigated the functional consequences of dystroglycan silencing on GPCR-mediated mobilization of [Ca 2+ ] i in smooth muscle cells (Fig. 4G,H). Cells expressing non-coding control shRNA exhibited typical concentration-response characteristics. However, cells lacking -dystroglycan exhibited significant suppression in peak [Ca 2+ ] i induced with lower concentrations of MCh. Indeed, in -dystroglycan-silenced myocytes, there was a significant reduction in the sensitivity to MCh (EC50 Control 50.3±14 nM versus EC50 shRNAi 220±24 nM; P<0.01). By contrast, and consistent with previous studies in which caveolin-1 expression was silenced (Gosens et al., 2007b), peak [Ca 2+ ] i induced with maximum concentrations of MCh were unaffected. Collectively, these **data** demonstrate that the requirement of -dystroglycan for caveolae integrity is a crucial determinant of the spatial profile of proximal signaling effectors, which has important consequences on the initiation of contraction by physiologically relevant agonists.

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There are no conflicts of interest by any of the authors of this manuscript. All authors have made substantial contributions to the manuscript in study design, **data** collection, analysis or interpretation designing of the study, drafting and revising the manuscript. The final submission has been approved by all the authors.

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While it is clear that Ghanaian women of today (and yesterday) are expected to work and generate income, the **data** reviewed so far does not adequately speak to the state of Ghanaian women in terms of autonomy outside the financial sphere especially given the proverbs about dependence on men. In order to explore this issue further, we examine **data** on decision-making abilities.

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The results of both of these experiments only hold if the GRMHD models used as synthetic data provide a good description of M87 . As multiple observation epochs become available , it will be possible to explicitly measure the statistics of the stochastic fluctuations , empirically addressing this assumption . It will also enable direct ensemble - to - ensemble comparison like that described in Kim et al . ( 2016 ) . A promising , alternative approach would be to perform a principal component analysis ( PCA ) decomposition of the snapshots within each model Figure 11 . Visibility amplitude and closure phase residuals for an SSM fit to the April 5 , high - band data for a " good " snapshot image frame from a MAD simulation with a * =0 , i=167 ° , and R high =160 . The reduced - χ 2 values for the fits are 5.9 ( THEMIS ) and 7.3 ( GENA ) . All residuals are normalized by their corresponding estimated observational errors . Figure 12 . Three sample SSM fits to April 6 high - band data . All are from models with THEMIS - AIS p AIS >0.1 . In panels ( a ) and ( b ) , the prominent photon ring places a strong constraint on θ g . In panel ( c ) , the extended disk emission results in a smaller θ g estimate . ( Medeiros et al . 2018 ) , and fit images generated by varying the weights of the PCA components to the data to mimic the set of possible realizations of the turbulence .

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Data sharing : No additional data are available .

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Figures 13a and 13b display the results of these analyses with and without hyperparameters. Without hyperparameters, the best fit model lies between **data** sets A and B, which follow the same trend, and set C, which has a different intercept. In contrast, the best fit model using hyperparameters, shown in Fig. 13b agrees with the true model used to generate the **data** in this example. In this figure we have scaled the Likelihood for both models we find a values −2.6 for the model with hyperparameters and −323.2 without.

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Russia's information campaign was more successful at agitating the West than at delivering tangible results in Ukraine. Studies using survey **data** and technical analysis of the penetration of Russian broadcasting signals found that the impact of the campaign was grossly overestimated. The message proved polarizing rather than mobilizing, even where Russian television signals had the most coverage and viewership. While the campaign increased hostility toward and distrust of the Ukrainian national government, it did little to mobilize public support of separatism. 52 Ultimately, Ukraine banned Russian broadcasts to the extent it could in the rest of the country, while national viewership of Russian news and other media drastically declined. 53 In the Donbas, support for the national government and the separatist cause was equally tepid. Russian-backed separatists had to resort to force because the information campaign failed to rally an indigenous uprising that could sweep Eastern Ukraine. 54 Far from being an integral element, the information campaign remained a sideshow throughout the conflict. In characterizing the importance of the information campaign, it is often assumed that activity translated into achievement and because Russia invested in the effort, it must have had an impact.

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I have pointed out earlier that a capability can be considered "transformed by AI" when AI changes the conditions of its possession and realization. While AI might not have completely transformed this capability yet, I think that we have enough evidence suggesting that it might do so in the not-so-distant future. In particular, AI is starting to show a lot of potential in areas like wildlife conservation and the preservation of biodiversity [41]. For example, databases of drone and satellite images can help track and categorize endangered animal species down to the individual animal, helping re-population efforts and the fight against poaching. In addition, machine learning algorithms can offer insights and solutions into the trends of certain animal populations, their movements, habits, and preferences, as well as mapping food availability and predict migration routes. AI-equipped technologies are also employed in the fight against climate change [31] and in the development of alternatives to fossil fuels [21]. These examples of AI applications suggest that having the capability to "live with concern for and in relation to nature" one day might entail the ability to make decisions based on **data** collected through these AI-powered methods, thus changing the standards for a fulfilling relationship with nature and the expectations about what we can and ought to do to make it even more fulfilling.

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Production environments are currently undergoing a transformation induced by the fourth industrial revolution , which adds complexity but also opportunities for sustainable manufacturing . In fact , production systems are transitioning to cyber - physical production systems ( CPPS ) , where the virtual and physical worlds converge ( Monostori , 2014 ) and the value of data is harnessed to achieve desired goals . However , as Tao et al . ( 2018 ) pointed out , the lack of convergence between the virtual and the physical worlds leads " to low level of efficiency , intelligence , sustainability in product design , manufacturing , and service phases " . Approaches , technologies and methods are therefore needed to reconcile these two worlds and support relevant strategic goals for the manufacturing industry , sustainability included . For this to happen , " soft aspects " at a company or corporate scale come into play when change is introduced in a system , such as competences and capabilities . In the 1990s , management scholars Teece and Pisano ( 2003 ) noted the time dimension of competences and capabilities , as they highlighted the importance of management capability to effectively adapt to changing environments by " re - configuring internal and external organisational skills and resources " . These components of responsiveness and adaptation are core parts of the sustainability management field . For example , Dangelico et al . ( 2017 ) built a framework for green product innovation in the manufacturing industry by using sustainabilityoriented dynamic capabilities as theoretical foundations , highlighting the value of a capability - based approach in the pursuit of sustainability - oriented changes .

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F 2 , 236 = 1.760, p = 0.1865). C,D: n = 5-9 trials of 40 flies. (E,F) Spontaneous locomotor activity presented as violin plots of the mean number of beam crossings. (E) Age and genotype affect locomotor activity in males (Kruskal-Wallis: p = 0.0004), and male nlg3 Def1 had increased locomotor activity compared to Cs at 7-10 days old but not at 3-4 days old (Dunn's post hoc: p = 0.0032). (F) In females a similar trend was observed (Kruskal-Wallis: p = 0.0367), where nlg3 Def1 7-10 days old had higher activity than Cs (Dunn's post hoc: p = 0.0806). E,F: n = 15 individual flies. Dotted horizontal lines represents 25-75% quartiles, solid horizontal line displays the median. Those are not visible when 75% of the **data** = 0. Lighter colors represent 3-4 day-old flies. Darker colors represent 7-10 day-old flies.

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According to the input **data** corresponding to DGM, the matrix of nominal geometry M (0) vn for the 6R CardioVR-ReTone robot is presented in Table 2. Table 1 and Figure 2, Table 3 highlights the geometrical particularities for the 6R CardioVR-ReTone robot. 1 R 0 l 0 l 1 0 1 0 2 R 0 −l 2 l 3 0 0 1 3 R l 4 −l 5 0 0 0 1 4 R 0 l 6 0 0 0 1 5 R l 7 0 −li ∆ i = 1 k i ≡ {x i , y i , z i } 1 y k i ≡ y i = 0 1 0 T 2, 3, 4 z k i ≡ z i = 0 0 1 T 5, 6 x k i ≡ x i = 1 0 0 T For i = 7, which, in keeping with (8), according to (9), lead to:

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In Gram-negative bacteria, a response to nutrient limitation is production of polyhydroxyalkanoates, storage compounds that are produced in unbalanced metabolic conditions [27,28]. In the present study, rprY mutant cells contained high levels of undecanoate, a subunit of a polyhydroxyalkanoate, which appeared to be a gene effect. Interestingly, polyhydroxyalkanoate production decreased the oxidative stress response in a psychrophilic Pseudomonas species by modulating the levels of reducing equivalents [29]. Thiamine levels were approximately five-fold lower in the mutant strain than in the parent, another effect of the rprY mutation. A link between thiamine and oxidative stress was provided by the observation that thiamine supplementation restored the growth of Salmonella enterica on paraquat, a superoxide-generator, the interpretation being that oxidative stress directly caused the thiamine requirement [30]. Our **data** would suggest that low levels of thiamine in the rprY mutant result from oxidative stress induced by the mutation, even in normal media.

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As detailed in our response to the Editor 's comments , above , we have now re - analyzed our data using two alternative approaches to addressing missing data , per Reviewer 1 's recommendations . First , we re - ran pre - registered analyses on primary and secondary outcomes ( 3 - month depressive symptoms [ primary ] ; post - intervention and 3 - month hopelessness [ secondary ] ; post - intervention and 3month perceived agency [ secondary ] ; 3 - month generalized anxiety symptoms [ secondary ] ; 3 - month trauma symptoms [ secondary ] ) using two alternative missing data approaches recommended by Reviewer 1 . Specifically , we conducted :

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The purpose of the current study was to examine changes in both reactive and proactive police activities since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when compared to previous years. Specifically, **data** from Houston, Texas were analyzed across seven reactive categories and selfinitiated activities across three units (patrol, crime investigations, and DRT) from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020. The results indicated that COVID-19 had notable impacts on four of the reactive measures and all three self-initiated activities. Three key findings emerged from the observed trends and are highlighted here.

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We shall often apply the following version: W d ω e κ ζ = 0 r d X i * r ω v e H ζ + H ζ ,r α . Definition 4.1. Fix an invertible class Ω ∈ H * T (X) −1 . A list P : P d ∈ H * G (W d ) −1 , d ≻ 0, is a Ω-Euler **data** if on X, Ω i * r P v d = i * 0 P v r i * 0 P v d−r (called Euler **data** identity) for all r d, and the W d P d · ω are polynomial in α for all ω ∈ R d . By convention we set P 0 = Ω.

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All this steps need to happen at the same time in order for high quality communication to be achieved. Thus, we need to expose the right degree of parallelization to achieve higher performance, but also avoid communication overhead between the threads. Each web service is hosted individually in the application domain, and that each web service is self-contained from the rest of the web services and from the application. The working principle is the following: the Web-services act as receivers; they are responsible of capturing all incoming **data** and forward it to the application. Each web service runs on a separate thread, and does not depend on the other services. This provides high flexibility for the SDK allowing the end user to realize different combinations of multimedia streaming like , for instance, adding a capability of screen sharing while in a video call and so on. Each web-service handles incoming **data** and forwards it to the application to be processed.

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We performed a finite size calculation with lattice size of 15 × 15 × 15a 3 0 based on the model Hamiltonian (17). Numbers of states in the band structure of LaH 3 and LaH 2 are counted as a function of energy. The discrete densities of states were smoothed out by replacing delta peaks with Lorentzian distribution curve of width Γ = 0.3 eV. Our results for LaH 2 and LaH 3 are similar to the previous theoretical calculations by Gupta and Burger [36,38]. In Fig. 15, the pronounced two-peak structure is associated with the flat region of hydrogen bands near symmetry points X, L, K (refer to the band structure Fig. 9 and 10) while the small bump at the zero energy in LaH 2 is associated with the La band near symmetry points W and K. Experiments showed that the small bump shrinks as hydrogen concentration increases and eventually disappears when the sample approaches the trihydride. However Gupta and Burger expected a metallic state for LaH 3 from their LDA calculation which ignored electron correlation. In our calculations, the density of states goes to zero at −2.2 eV, indicating an insulating behavior for LaH 3 . However, the calculated widths for LaH 2 and LaH 3 are considerably smaller than the experiment results, a discrepancy similar to that in the LDA . The experimental **data** also shows a shift of the lowest energy peak when the concentration increases. The positions of calculated peaks do not significantly depend on the concentration and does not agree to the experiment. The origin of these discrepancies is not clear. Since our theory uses some parameters extracted from LDA, similar features except for the band gap may be expected from both theories.

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Early neutron capture activation measurements by Stavisskii and Tolstikov [111] and Tolstikovet al. [112] with sealed 232 Th oxide samples are shown in Fig. 12. As later measurements were made of this cross section with metal samples, it became clear that cross sections derived from these earlier **data** were significantly larger than those obtained with metal samples. Not all measured experimental **data** sets are shown in Fig. 12. Although the authors tried to avoid water absorption in their samples, it was found later that the increase of the capture cross section could be explained qualitatively by the presence of water in those samples. Initially this difference might have been considered to be due to an USU effect. However, in this case, the physical origin of the discrepancy became known but no correction for the neutron multiple scattering due to hydrogen and subsequent capture in 232 Th, could be made. Therefore, a large uncertainty (not an USU component) should be assigned to these **data** if they are to be considered for evaluation purposes. An equivalent (and perhaps best) alternative is to discard these uncorrected **data** and not use them for **data** evaluation.

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although DM present thanks to a baryon-like asymmetry could decay only into anti-leptons. Fig. 5b shows that DM decays can fit the PAMELA, FERMI and HESS e ± excesses as well as DM decays, with some minor differences, mostly due to the fact that only in the DM annihilation case a sizable amount of lower-energy e ± can reach us from the Galactic Center, giving rise to a smoother e ± energy spectrum. Decay modes of fermionic DM into W ± µ ∓ or W ± τ ∓ provide good fits to e ± observations, but together with ap excess which is strongly disfavored by PAMELAp observations [2]. Fig. 10 and 11 show that DM interpretations of the PAMELA, FERMI and HESS e ± **data** in terms of leptonic DM decays are compatible with all the constraints we considered, the strongest one being relative to ICS from the '10 • ÷ 20 • ' region observed by FERMI. Other regions (so far observed only by EGRET, with a problematic energy calibration) offer possibly stronger constraints. In the near future FERMI will release **data** in other regions that can be used to constrain this scenario. As discussed in section 3, one can easily extrapolate the fluxes to other regions using the approximations we have employed.

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In [69]. They are large precautionary areas, each 400 km 2 with an inner core zone and surrounding buffer intended to protect the core, and minimum viable population sizes, from any sediment plume caused by mining. The nine APEIs allow for biogeographic representation based on three north-south and three east-west strata, reflecting strong productivity-driven gradients, in the absence of detailed **data** on the composition and distribution of benthic communities [78]. The APEIs also recognize high diversity of fragile fauna that will be very slow to recover from any mining impacts [3]. [39] highlight the fact that 'whilst contractors gather environmental and technical information on an annual basis, and report to ISA for the purposes of constructing a common baseline within their license areas, an 'Achilles heel' of the CCZ-EMP is that there is no requirement or incentive for contractors to carry out similar surveys in APEI's. Further to an interim preliminary evaluation report [68], in 2016 the ISA Legal and Technical Commission (LTC) also undertook an initial review of the current status of management implementation of the CCZ-EMP (ISBA/ 22/LTC/12). Other than workshops convened to consider specific taxa, implementation measures (such as **data** standardization and taxonomic inter-calibration and contractor plans and measures to ensure habitat and faunal recovery) have not been undertaken. LTC recommended the creation of two additional APEIs, workshops on APEI effectiveness and Impact Reference Zones 25 /Preservation Reference Zones 26 and the 25 Impact Reference Zones are "Areas which are representative of the environmental characteristics of a particular region to be used for assessing the effect of activities in that region on the marine environment." (ISA, < https://www.isa.org.jm/impact-referencezone >). 26 Preservation Reference Zones are "Areas representative of the mine site in which no mining shall occur to ensure representative and stable biota of the seabed in order to assess any changes in the flora and fauna of the marine environment caused by mining activities." (ISA, < https://www.isa.org.jm/preservation-reference-zone >).

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FIG. 7 . 7The G ′ (ω) **data** ofFig. 5for various shear times collapsed onto the zero shear treatment (t s = 0) curve.

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These **data** suggested that RprY may play a role in regulating the heat shock response in P. gingivalis. We performed electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to determine whether the regulation was due to direct binding of RprY to the promoter regions of the genes in question or an indirect effect because of RprY interaction with another regulator. DNA probes were generated by amplification of the 59 intergenic region upstream of the ORFs. DIG-labeled probes were incubated with increasing amount of phosphorylated rRprY protein (,0, 8.8, 17.6 and 35.2 pmol). Protein binding specificity was determined by adding 50-100X excess unlabeled probe to the reaction mixes. In these experiments the ahpC and sod promoters were used as positive and negative controls, respectively, as we previously showed that ahpC, but not sod, was a target of RprY [9]. By EMSA we showed that RprY bound to the promoter regions of groES, clpB and dnaK, but did not bind to the promoter region of htpG (Fig. 6B).

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Previous works on ERP system fraud detection may be divided into approaches that rely on entirely private **data** and frauds, private **data** with synthetically injected frauds, or entirely synthetic **data** and frauds. While there have been works that use real ERP system **data** to develop and evaluate fraud detection systems [18,17,12], details about the **data** and the **data** itself are kept under wraps to avoid revealing company trade secrets and privacy information. For scenarios where real frauds are not available, Islam et al. [8] generate synthetic fraud cases within private ERP system **data** through randomly creating changes to normal transactions while limiting changes and timings with given intervals. While this generates anomalous transactions through not yet observed peaks in single entries, the generated anomalies have no inherent meaning or interpretation with respect to real-life occurrences or fraud.

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We remark that in the first theorem, γ 2 can be arbitrarily large, but s 1 > −1, while in the second theorem γ 2 < 2n/p, but for sufficiently large γ 1 and sufficiently small γ 2 , s 1 > γ 2 − n/p − 1 can be less than −1. Thus the non-standard product estimate allows us to obtain existence results for initial **data** with lower regularity, but requires γ 2 to be small and requires the use of Besov spaces.

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The linear regression model tends to provide good **data** and estimations for the model and byconstructing a linear regression model in which the response variable is y, and the independent variable is and depends on the Kumaraswamy Lindley distribution as follows where where the random error has density function (KWL) with unknown parameters ., The parameter is the location parameter of yi where the parameter ( ) ( ) the log-likelihood function for the vector parameters ( ) can expression as following

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We make the geolocation and detours detection **data** available to the community via a public RESTful API interface. The motivation to do so is as follows. 1) Network operators can easily query our database and check if their prefix suffered a detour. 2) Internet measurement researchers can use this information to study various BGP anomalies such as route leaks, detecting malicious ASes, etc. Our results on AS and prefix geolocation are available at http://geoinfo.bgpmon.io and detours results can be accessed at http://detours. bgpmon.io.

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This paper dealt with some **data** from the Egyptian Stock Exchange, and these **data** represent the monthly **data** from the Egyptian Stock Exchange, during the period starting from February 2015 to February 2019, and it represents the relationship between the impact of the transactions of the finance, tourism, food and health sectors on the Egyptian Stock Exchange indices, where we find that this The **data** contains one dependent variable, which is the Egyptian stock market indices, and four independent variables, which are food, health, tourism, and finance sectors. In Table 4, in this table, the arithmetic mean of the **data** was calculated, as well as the variance, standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness for these data. We note on these **data** that the skew value is close to zero and thus the **data** are similar around the origin and contain the kurtosis coefficient negative. And because we will present to the following table, which contains an estimate of the parameters for each of the following distributions, and they are, in order, the Kamraswamy Lindley distribution, the generalized Lindley distribution, and finally the Lindley distribution. Also, the table contains some properties of the parameters, which are (BIC) Bayesian information criterion ,(AIC) Akaike information criterion ,(HQ)Hannan -Quiun information criterion which are, and the principle on which we depend in judging the preference of any distribution is the distribution that has a value less than the previous criteria will be the best.

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The ecosystem flora and fauna will also benefit from this as there will be lesser pollution 699 and toxic contaminants in the environment . the overall impact assessment were cut off at 5 % . Among the resources studied , 723 electricity contributes 75 % on average to each of the impact categories studied ( PLife1 , 724 L1 , I1 ) and disposable ( PLife2 , L2 , I2 ) . Deionised tap water is the second most polluting 725 resource after groundwater . Reusable PPE coveralls have a water consumption 726 potential of 1 % . In the PLife phase , water consumption was identified as the most 727 significant contributing factor for the reusable coverall , yet the software did not consider 728 irrigation groundwater data input . Thus , the software did not account for irrigation 729 groundwater consumption in the other inputs at this stage , which brought the total 730 contribution to 90.89 % . Only the contribution of deionised tap water was depicted in the 731 analysis . The reason for the same might be that the land and groundwater themselves 732 are not polluting sources , but when we manipulate them through anthropogenic uses , 733 then these natural resources get interrupted . Therefore , the natural inventory is maybe J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f

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Authors' contributions CR, CT, MC and MM clinically followed the patient during his hospitalisation time; CR performed videocapillaroscopy examination; ALF followed the time course of the retinal complications of the patient; MB conceived of the study, collected the **data** and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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The Analytics area is covered by two components, GrimoireELK and Cereslib. The first one implements the core GrimoireLab pipeline: obtaining JSON items from the Data Retrieval components, storing them with persistence in "raw indexes", enriching those indexes by producing items more suitable for visualization and reporting, and storing them in persistent "enriched indexes". In the process, GrimoireELK also uses SortingHat, in the Identities Management area, for identifying new identities, and finding the corresponding unique (merged) identities. Since both raw and enriched indexes are Elasticsearch indexes, they are basically collections of JSON items (named "documents" in Elasticsearch). All usual operations on noSQL databases are possible on those indexes: retrieving one or more items given some constraints, aggregating values for certain fields for a certain selection of items, updating items matching certain values, etc. The other component, Cereslib, is a library providing an API with useful functionality for certain kinds of specialized functionality. The Cereslib API is invoked by GrimoireELK to run "studies", which produces some specific enriched indexes. Studies are specialized preanalysis, producing items with a specific aim in mind. For example, one of them, "Areas of code", produces commit **data** at the file level (each item consists of commit metadata for each revision of each file), which is useful to analyze how different areas of code evolve.

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The biotin functionalised spin labelled nanoparticles could be simulated using the data shown in Figure S16a ) . The nanoparticles with avidin - peroxidase could roughly be fitted with a particularly broad component with a rotational correlation time of 10 ^ -8.0 s , indicating that the label was in a hindered motion environment ( Figure S16b ) . However , due to the significant broadening , it was difficult to obtain an exact fit , as the smaller peaks are lost in the noise . In contrast to the Con A binding , there was a significant broadening of the peaks , most likely due to the tight binding of the avidin - peroxidase leading to significantly reduced molecular motion . Using these two components , it is possible to create a simulated titration , to demonstrate how the line shape would be influenced by an increasing population of the protein - label complex ( Figure S17 ) . When the simulations were not normalised , we observed that the line heights were significantly smaller than those of the free spin label . It is likely that it would be difficult to detect the changes in the line height for To further rule out viscosity as a source of the binding profile observed in Figure S7 , a viscosity study was conducted with 100 µM spin labelled mannose 4 with varying amounts of glycerol , the viscosity of the solution increases , there is a reduction in tumbling rates of the nitroxide spin label , and a broadening of the resonances . As before , the ratio between the high field and central field resonance heights may be plotted against the % glycerol to give a binding profile ( Figure S18 ) . Figure S18 : The change in relative line height between the high field and mid field resonances against % glycerol for 100 µM solutions of the nitroxide radical 4 in 0.01 M potassium borate buffer with various amounts of glycerol .

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Multivariate **data** analysis, in particular PCA technique, was employed to characterize biochemical changes in the cassava leaf tissue induced by B. subtilis strain CaSUT007. Score plots were used to visualize any clustering of similar spectra within the **dataset**s, and loading plots were employed to identify spectral variables that best explained clustering patterns. The results were interpreted by taking second derivative spectra showing the negative peak. The second derivative can help Kenneth and Lawrence (2005) and Dokken and Davis (2007) and McCann et al. (1992McCann et al. ( ) 1650 Amide I band (C=O Stretch (80%), C-N stretch (10%), N-H bending (10%) Yu (2004Yu ( , 2005Yu ( , 2008 and Pelton and McLean (2000), Nelson (1991) and Wetzel andLevine (2000) 1550 Amide II (N-H bend (60%), C-N stretch (40%) Yu (2004Yu ( , 2005 and Pelton and McLean (2000); Nelson (1991); Wetzel andLeVine (2000) 1510 C=C aromatic ring from lignin Colthup et al. (1964), Campbell and Sederoff (1996) and Wetzel andLeVine (2000) 1450 Asymmetric CH 2 and CH 3 bending from lipids, protein, lignin Kenneth and Lawrence (2005) and Colthup et al. (1964Colthup et al. ( ) 1370 Symmetric CH 2 and CH 3 bending from lipids, protein, lignin Kenneth and Lawrence (2005) and Colthup et al. (1964Colthup et al. ( ) 1246 C-O Stretching from hemicelluloses and lignin Dokken and Davis (2007), Faix (1992) and Kenneth and Lawrence (2005)

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We adopt the theory of cultural lag to investigate individual privacy in modern society . When individuals present their opinions , preferences , and thoughts online , their control over this content seems certain at first - that is , the data is co - controlled by an individual both as the data provider as well as the data controller / processor . However , this is not the case for copied , retweeted , shared , or modified versions of the originals , as the original data provider no longer has control over the new data . When the control of the original data provider is uncertain , any guarantee of individual privacy is meaningless , although it is often observed ( Gurevich et al . 2016 ) . At this point , the cultural lag of individual privacy can be observed ; societies and nonmaterial culture are unable to keep pace with the rapid changes in technologies and material culture . Consequently , society must make social adjustments to address this lag .

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For all the TCGA NGS datasets , we first have selected the genes appeared in all the datasets and then filtered out the genes whose total read counts across samples are less than 50 , resulting in roughly 14,000 genes in each dataset . We first have divided the lung cancer datasets into training and test sets , and then the differential gene expression analysis has been performed on the training set using DeSeq2 [ Love et al . , 2014 ] , by which 1,000 out of the top 5,000 genes with higher log2 fold change between LUAD and LUSC have been selected for consequent analyses . We first check the subtyping accuracy by directly applying linear SVM to the raw counts in the target domain , which gives an average accuracy of 59.28 % with a sample standard deviation ( STD ) of 5.54 % from ten independent runs . We also transform the count data to standard normal data after removing the sequencing depth effect using DESeq2 [ Love et al . , 2014 ] and then apply regularized logistic regression provided by the LIBLINEAR ( https://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/liblinear/ ) package [ Fan et al . , 2008 ] . The classification accuracy becomes 74.10 % ± 4.41 % . Table 1 provides cancer subtyping performance comparison between BMDL , NB - HDP , HDP - NBFA , hGNBP , as well as the baseline hGNBP - NBFA using only the samples form the target domain . In only HDP based methods can not improve the results in the low - related setup , but also the performance will be degraded with more severe " negative transfer " adversarial effects when using more source samples . The reason for this is that HDP assumes a latent factor with higher weight in the shared DP will occur more frequently within each sample [ Williamson et al . , 2010 ] . This might be an undesirable assumption , especially when the domains are distantly related . For example , a latent factor might not be present throughout the HNSC samples but dominant within the samples of lung cancer . HDP based methods are not able to discover these latent factors given observed samples due to the limited number of lung cancer samples . In addition to this undesirable assumption , NB - HDP does not account for the sequencing - depth heterogeneity of different samples , which may lead to biased results deteriorating subtyping performance as shown in Table 1 .

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Next, we showed that NOV regulates MMP-2 and MMP-9 in vivo and that these regulations are associated with altered pain intensity. In CFA rats, the siRNAmediated knockdown of NOV led to a specific upregulation of MMP-9 in the DRG and MMP-2 in the DHSC (and CCL2 in the DRG, **data** not shown), consistent with our in vitro data. Remarkably, endogenously produced NOV depletion resulted in increased tactile hypersensitivity. The compatible pattern of MMP-2/-9 and NOV expression at the late phase of inflammatory pain further raises the possibility that NOV reduction could specifically lead to transient MMP-9 induction in the DRG and a persistent increase of MMP-2 expression in the spinal cord, thereby contributing to the maintenance of pain. Admittedly, NOV is likely to act in concert with other specific partners of a given neuroinflammatory environment to modulate MMP-2/-9 expression. This is supported by our **data** showing NOV modulation of cytokine activities in vitro and cytokines induction at a late phase of inflammatory pain. In addition, NOV reduction at a late phase of the development of inflammatory pain contrasts with the early development of pain hypersensitivity indicating that NOV might not be involved in the early stage of pain induction but be required at a later precise time slot during pain pathogenesis. Even though the NOV-null mouse has been generated recently, its nervous system phenotype has not yet been reported. The NOV-null mouse shows normal development but enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in response to endothelial injury [48]. Our **data** thus reinforce the idea that NOV is highly important in tissue homeostasis especially in case of injury [24] and further highlight the interest of investigating pain symptoms in NOV-null mice. These findings indicate that endogenous NOV may have an important function in limiting the deleterious effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines particularly on MMPs expression in the nociceptive system.

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Let us briefly recall what local data of gerbes , isomorphisms and 2 - isomorphisms are , for the details we refer the reader to [ 18 ] . For a given gerbe G over M , one can choose a sufficiently " good " open cover O of M that permits to extract a cocycle c ∈ A 2 ( O ) , D 2 c = 0 , in a certain way . Suppose that two gerbes G 1 and G 2 are given , and O 1 and O 2 are open covers that permit to extract cocycles c 1 and c 2 . Suppose further that A : G 1 → G 2 is an isomorphism . Then one can choose a common refinement O of O 1 and O 2 that permits to extract a cochain b ∈ A 1 ( O ) such that c 2 = c 1 + D 1 b. The cochains for isomorphisms add under the composition of these isomorphisms . Finally , if a 2isomorphism ϕ : A 1 ⇒ A 2 is given and b 1 and b 2 are cochains for A 1 and A 2 , respectively , for a suitable open cover O , one can always extract a cochain a ∈ A 0 ( O ) such that b 2 = b 1 + D 0 a. The cochains for 2 - isomorphisms add under both the horizontal and the vertical composition of 2 - isomorphisms . Conversely , one can reconstruct gerbes , isomorphisms and 2 - isomorphisms from given local data , and the two procedures are inverse to each other in an appropriate sense . In particular , they establish a bijection between H 2 ( M , D(2 ) ) and the set of isomorphism classes of gerbes over M .

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In addition, lethally irradiated WT mice, which were reconstituted with miR-142 −/− bone marrow (BM) cells and analyzed 6 weeks following transfer, showed platelet paucity relative to controls that were reconstituted with WT BM cells (Figure 1-figure supplement 1). However, the decrease in platelet numbers in this model was less significant compared to that demonstrated in germline miR-142-deficient mice ( Figure 1F), plausibly due to contribution of WT cells. Taken together, these **data** demonstrate that hematopoietic-specific miR-142 activity is required for normal platelet production.

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In this paper, we proposed a Lagrangian data-driven ROM for an efficient and relatively accurate numerical simulation of the FTLE field. We explicitly used Lagrangian **data** (FTLE field) in the inner product utilized to construct the ROM basis of the new Lagrangian ROM. We compared the Lagrangian ROM with the Eulerian ROM in the numerical simulation of the QGE.

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Expression **data** of Arabidopsis MAPKKs were obtained from PLEXdb (AT40), including following Arabidopsis tissues: inflorescence, petals, stamen, pedicels, sepals, carpels, pollen, seedling, root, leaf, shoot and pistil. As well as following Arabidopsis mutants: ap1-15, ap2-6, ap3-6, ag-12, clv3-7, lfy-12 and ufo-1. Mapped reads were uniquely applied to deeper analysis. Gene expression levels were quantified by RPKM (reads per kilobase of mRNA length per million of mapped reads). Expression **data** of MAPKK genes in rice (GSE27726), poplar (GSE30507) and maize (GSE27004) were also downloaded from NCBI GEO database. Microarray **data** of Arabidopsis under abiotic treatment were also obtained from NCBI GEO **data** (GSE5620-GSE5628) in our analysis. For RT-qPCR analyses, 2-week-old B. distachyon Bd21 plants grown in each box were used for harvesting root, stem, leaf, young caryopsis and seedling samples. For UV-B treatments analysis, two-week-old B. distachyon Bd21 plants were treated as described previously [71]. Plants were harvested for further analyses after treatment 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. The primer-sets were listed in Additional file 21.

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The Jacobi operator J in the Hilbert space l 2 (N) is the operator whose matrix representation with respect to the canonical basis in l 2 (N) is a semi-infinite Jacobi matrix of the form         q 1 b 1 0 0 · · · b 1 q 2 b 2 0 · · · 0 b 2 q 3 b 3 0 0 b 3 q 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         ,(1.1) where q n ∈ R and b n > 0 for any n ∈ N (see in [2] the definition of the matrix representation of an unbounded symmetric operator). J is closed by definition and it may be self-adjoint or have deficiency indices (1,1). In this work we deal with self-adjoint operators, so, if J = J * , we consider its self-adjoint extensions denoted J (g) , where g ∈ R ∪ {∞} (see Definition 1 a)). If J = J * we assume J (g) = J for all g ∈ R ∪ {∞} (see Definition 1 b)). The two spectra inverse problem for Jacobi operators J (g) takes as input **data** the spectra of two operators in a operator family obtained by perturbing J (g) in a certain way. The solution of the problem is the finding of the matrix (1.1) and the "boundary condition at infinity" g if necessary. The case of the operator family consisting of rank-one perturbations of a self-adjoint Jacobi operator has been amply studied in [8,12,13] and, in the more general setting of rank-one perturbations of J (g) , in [19,23]. Rank-one perturbations can be seen as a change of the "boundary condition at the origin" for the corresponding difference equation (see [19,Appendix]). We remark that the case of finite Jacobi matrices has also been thoroughly studied (see [5,6,9,11,14]).

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DMA evaluation with cluster standards 1 / FWHM Diff = CV 1/2 ; C = 1.55 Volt − 1/2 (2) The value of C analogously obtained for the prior Perez DMA model was 1.35 V − 1/2 , indicating a superior performance of the LT version, perhaps as a result of the better laminarization or the larger convergence angle. One can see at all pump settings that the **data** for the lower voltages (smaller clusters) approach best the diffusive limit. Yet, past a certain voltage, the resolution shows a drastic reduction. This reduction cannot be due to turbulence, since each series is obtained at fixed flow rate with only the size of the cluster varying. We believe it is primarily an artificial consequence of the fact that the larger clusters are not completely resolved from each other (top spectrum in Fig. 4 above 0.4 kV), so that either the tails from neighbor cluster peaks or ion impurities between main members of the cluster series create a background that is not accounted for by the Gaussian fitting. The resolutions plotted in Fig. 5 for each Q cannot accordingly be trusted past the voltage at which they fall markedly below the diffusion line, which starts at the voltage at which subsequent peaks are no longer baseline separated from each other. This corruption naturally sets in at smaller voltages for smaller pump speeds, so the upper envelope of the various **data** sets provides a more reliable measure of the real resolution, uncorrupted by peak merging. For instance, the spectrum of Fig. 4 corresponding to a pump speed of 9000 rpm shows isolated peaks for all the clusters included (monomer to octamer), so all the open circles of Fig. 5 ought to give uncorrupted resolutions. The resolutions measured at 9000 rpm for three of the **data** exceeds 37, well above the best value of about 30 observed with the prior Perez DMA. If the zero drift correction had not been implemented, the maximal resolving power would have been 34, still substantially higher than in our earlier study with the shorter laminarization trumpet. The fact that the measured resolution at increasing voltages falls clearly below the diffusive limit indicates that there is some level of non-ideality with this instrument. In other words, while the ideal peak width is 0 for non-diffusing particles in the limit q/Q→0, the actual value is non zero:

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As originally demonstrated in [ 5,6 ] , the values of the relevant SM parameters can strongly influence some of the CMSSM predictions , and , in contrast to common practice , should not be simply kept fixed at their central values . We thus introduce a set ψ of so - called " nuisance parameters " of the SM parameters which are relevant to our analysis , The set of parameters θ and ψ form an 8 - dimensional set m of our " basis parameters " ( 2.1 ) . In terms of the basis parameters we compute a number of collider and cosmological observables , which we call " derived variables " and which we collectively denote by the set ξ = ( ξ 1 , ξ 2 , . . . ) . The observables will be used to compare CMSSM predictions with a set of experimental data d , which is available either in the form of positive measurements or as limits , as discussed below . Table 1 : Experimental mean µ and standard deviation σ adopted for the likelihood function for SM ( nuisance ) parameters , assumed to be described by a Gaussian distribution .

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The 69% with "any respiratory symptom" included 23.3% with no "lower respiratory symptoms." A far smaller percentage of all workers (17.3%) complained of what may be considered the most important respiratory symptom, dyspnea, which was not quantified by any standard scale. Such a reliance on symptoms is subject to recall biases both for symptoms present before 9/11 and for the onset, worsening, and persistence of symptoms after 9/11. Because physical examination and chest radiographs were unrevealing , the only objective results were from Environmental Health Perspectives • VOLUME 115 | NUMBER 2 | February 2007 pulmonary function tests. These were confined to spirometry, which does not provide insight into all aspects of respiratory impairment. The **data** presented by are limited. Mean values for subsets (classified by WTC exposure, previous smoking history, etc.) are not given. Despite the frequency of cough (42.8%), wheeze (15.1%), and chest tightness (15.4%) and the common diagnoses of asthma/reactive airways dysfunction, only 7.6% of all responders showed airway obstruction, defined as a ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 ) to forced vital capacity (FVC) less than the 5th percentile of the reference population. Unlike virtually all spirometric surveys of a large population (reviewed by , found little difference in impairment by smoking status. Most spirometric impairments were classified as restrictive, uncharacteristic of the symptoms and clinical diagnoses. This frequency of low FVC (22.7%) raises several issues: a) the effects of other clinical factors not reported on, such as obesity; b) technical considerations in subject performance or technician monitoring of the FVC maneuver, despite the investigators attention to these; and c) the appropriateness of the reference-predicted values.

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These LD services have been summarised in Table 1 where it can be seen that, on average, the **data** was interlinked to five external **dataset**s-primarily authority files and controlled vocabularies as well as datahubs such as DBpedia 11 and Wikidata. 12 Although interlinking with authority files and controlled vocabularies is extremely useful, this type of linking predates LD. Additionally, while linking to large-scale datahubs, such as DBpedia and Wikidata, is useful, these **dataset**s do not fall within the LAM domain. Additionally, only two services, Europeana and the BNB, appeared to provide LD provenance information. Finally, the majority of interlinks created by the projects were identity links-leaving vast potential for LAMs to create provenance-rich relationship interlinks that provide additional information and context for a given entity.

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A decline in diagnostic testing for SARS - CoV-2 is expected to delay the tracking of COVID-19 variants of concern and interest in the United States . We hypothesize that wastewater surveillance programs provide an effective alternative for detecting emerging variants and assessing COVID-19 incidence , particularly when clinical surveillance is limited . Here , we analyzed SARS - CoV-2 RNA in wastewater from eight locations across Southern Nevada between March 2020 and April 2021 . Trends in SARS - CoV-2 RNA concentrations ( ranging from 4.3 log 10 gc / L to 8.7 log 10 gc / L ) matched trends in confirmed COVID-19 incidence , but wastewater surveillance also highlighted several limitations with the clinical data . Amplicon - based whole genome sequencing ( WGS ) of 86 wastewater samples identified the B.1.1.7 ( Alpha ) and B.1.429 ( Epsilon ) lineages in December 2020 , but clinical sequencing failed to identify the variants until January 2021 , thereby demonstrating that ' pooled ' wastewater samples can sometimes expedite variant detection . Also , by calibrating fecal shedding ( 11.4 log 10 gc / infection ) and wastewater surveillance data to reported seroprevalence , we estimate that~38 % of individuals in Southern Nevada had been infected by SARS - CoV-2 as of April 2021 , which is significantly higher than the 10 % of individuals confirmed through clinical testing . Sewershed - Keywords : SARS - CoV-2 COVID-19 Virus Wastewater Mutation Variant

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For the relationship between clutch size and egg size, I understand the author response and the limits of this analyze given the experimental design. Although only one egg clutch was collected per parental snail, I still think that the relationship between egg size and clutch size could be analyzed at the population level (i.e. by pooling **data** from all females together for each experimental treatments). This would provide us some information on whether the allocation to egg numbers versus egg size was affected by the thermal treatments. That being said, I feel that the study could be accepted for publication without this analyze (although this would be very interesting). I suggest to at least mention this point in the discussion.

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No **data** were used to support this study.

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Figure 2 . 2Effects of penfluridol (A,B), pimozide (C,D), quetiapine (E,F) and promazine (G,H) on AChE and BuChE in vitro activity, respectively. Each **data** point represents mean ± SD for at least three independent experiments conducted in duplicates. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. control.

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Software development, and in particular open source software development, relies on an increasing number of support tools (Dabbish et al., 2012;Storey et al., 2010;Lanubile et al., 2010). Each of them maintain **data** about the software development process, the Extra functionality. Built-in functionality for addressing common problems in realworld **data** retrieval, storage and analysis: fault-tolerance, incremental retrieval, extensibility, facilities for **data** curation, identity management (including tracking of identities in different **data** sources), **data** persistence, traceability and uniform access to the data.

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Figure 1 . 1Beclin 1 expression levels in cartilage tissues from patients with OA are reduced compared with the control, as demonstrated using three different methodologies, including (A) immunohistochemistry, (B) semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and (C) western blotting. (D) Quantification **data** of Beclin 1 expression. * P<0.05 vs. control. OA, osteoarthritis.

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If the population standard deviation of the input **data** points (without regard to assigned uncertainties) is noticeably different from the average of the magnitudes of uncertainties assigned to these data, then either the assigned uncertainties are over-estimated or under-estimated. In the latter case, the difference may be attributable to USU. This clue is related to Clue 1.

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The fluorescence lifetime images were recorded using DCS-120 confocal laser scanning FLIM system based on a TCSPC module ( SPC-150 , Becker & Hickl , Berlin , Germany ) . The scanner was attached to an inverted microscope ( ECLIPSE TE2000 - E , Nikon , Japan ) . Single photon excited fluorescence from the sample was collected through a Plan APO 100×/NA1.4 oil immersion objective . The signals were detected by Hybrid Photon Detectors HPM-100 - 40 ( Becker & Hickl , Berlin , Germany ) that were connected to a TCSPC module ( Becker & Hickl , Berlin , Germany ) . The excitation source was a picosecond super continuum ( 400 - 650 nm ) laser with an acousto - optic tunable filter ( AOTF ) ( SC400 - 4 , Fianium , UK ) . The AlexaFluor 546 and Alexa Fluor 647 fluorescence were excited by 545 and 640 nm , respectively . In order to avoid significant pile - up error in all our measurements , the peak count rate never exceeded the recommended 10 % of the excitation rate . The fluorescence signals were collected using band - pass filters ET590/50 for AlexaFluor 546 , and ET700/75 for AlexaFluor546 and AlexaFluor647 ( Chroma Technology Corp. , Bellows Falls , USA ) . All images were acquired at 256 × 256 pixels . The signal acquisition time was around 60 s. The number of nuclei analyzed for each particular experiment was not less than 10 . The analysis of the FLIM data , including lifetime and FRET efficiency calculation was performed using SPCImage ( Becker & Hickl , Berlin , Germany ) as described in the manufacturer 's protocols 13 .

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of the events prior to 100,000 s were evenly distributed across the gage section. The AIC derived t values typically differed less than 1 s of the actual first peak t. However, to get the most accurate t, the times of arrival of the first peaks on sensors 1 and 2 for events which occurred after 130,000 s were determined manually [13] and used to determine location. Examples of valley and peak waveforms are shown in Figure 6 with arrows indicating first peaks for sensors 1 and 2, top and bottom, respectively. Note that the first peak for the valley event on the top and bottom sensor is negative and the first peak for the peak event is positive; this is significant and is explained below. From the determination of first peak times of arrival, the location was determined from: Location = (x/2)(t/tx)(1) where x is the length between the outer sensors (25 mm). The location of each event after 130,000 s is plotted in Figure 7a versus the time of the test where the value 0 is the center of the gage section. Each **data** point represents a single event and the width of the **data** point is proportioned to the average AE energy of the given event. There are scattered and infrequent peak events for the over 70,000 s (~20 h) leading up to the heightened period of AE activity just prior to failure. The events at the end of the test are so dense that the period after 200,000 s (box in Figure 7a) are plotted in Figure 7b,c for the valley and peak events, respectively. Most of the peak and all of the valley events are concentrated in the 0 to +1.5 mm location from the center of the gage, which is where failure took place. Whatever occurred just prior to failure would not correspond to distributed matrix cracking along the gage length. Therefore, one would expect to observe localized damage near the fracture surface within an approximate 2 mm length or less of the composite, as shown below.

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We superimposed the X - ray structure of 23 - bound HIV-1 protease ( wild - type ) with the three most highly mutated drugresistant proteases . [ 51 ] These structures showed minimal rootmean - square deviation of the a - carbon backbone atoms ( 0.5 to 1.1 ) suggesting inhibitor 23 should retain good to excellent contacts with the backbone of the mutant proteases . As it turned out , inhibitor 23 exerted very potent activity against HIV-1 isolates ( HIV-1 LAI and HIV-1 Ba - L ) in both MT-2 cells and PHA - PBMC ( Table 10 ) . Furthermore , as evident in Table 9 , inhibitor 23 retained significant antiviral activity against a panel of HIV-1 drug - resistant viral strains . Inhibitor 23 displayed the most potent activity ( IC 50 = 3 nm ) against HIV-1 clinical strain HIV-1 ET , which had been isolated from a drug - naive patient . Furthermore , six drug - resistant clinical strains containing 10 - 12 amino acid substitutions associated with protease inhibitor resistance ( HIV-1 B , HIV-1 C , HIV-1 G , HIV-1 TM , HIV-1 EV , and HIV-1 ES ) were isolated from patients with HIV-1 infection having received 7 - 11 different antiviral agents for 24 to 81 months . [ 82,105 ] All tested approved PIs were highly resistant . However , inhibitor 23 exerted highly potent activity against all of these six variants with IC 50 values ranging from 4 nm to 52 nm . Inhibitor 23 was also highly potent against HIV-1 K with an IC 50 value as low as 3 nm . This data indicate that inhibitor 23 is highly active against a wide spectrum of drug - resistant variants . [ 51 ] 6.2 . Design of meso - Hexahydrocyclopenta-1,3 - dioxolane as a P2 Ligand

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Most of the studies published to date refer to DHRS9 as a retinol dehydrogenase based on the previously published reports (16)(17)(18)36). However, as shown in the present study, DHRS9 is much more efficient toward oxylipins with hydroxyl groups at positions 12 and above than toward retinol or androsterone. It also appears that the members of the SDR9C family have more divergent functions than the members of the SDR16C or SDR7C families, which primarily specialize in the oxidative (SDR16C) or reductive (SDR7C) metabolism of retinoids. Unlike human DHRS9, human RDH16 displayed much lower rates and higher K m values toward oxylipins than toward androsterone. This study utilized the same Sf9 microsomal preparations of SDRs that were previously analyzed for their activity toward all-trans-retinol and 3α-hydroxysteroids as substrates (34). To determine whether there was a loss of activity during storage, the microsomes were retested with saturating concentrations of all-trans-retinol and androsterone. These assays demonstrated that no significant loss of activity had occurred; thus, the catalytic efficiency of SDRs toward C18-C22 polyunsaturated hydroxylipids can be compared with the previously published **data** on all-trans-retinol and androsterone.

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The NTF2 protein interacts specifically with the FxFG repeat-containing nucleoporins and Ran-GDP to form complexes [50] resulting in the cytoplasmic-nuclear trafficking of Ran [51]. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Caenorhabditis elegans NTF2 orthology plays crucial roles and ntf2 mutants have significant imperfection in nuclear trafficking [52]. However, the overexpression of NTF2 also hampers the nuclear import of Ran protein in Arabidopsis [53]. Our **data** also showed that the NTF2 domain exists in 44 MKK3 genes from 38 plant species as early in algae and in mosses, pteridophyta as well as seed plants, including previously reported A. thaliana ( Fig. 7a; [53]). Then sequence alignment of NTF2 domain regions of all identified MKK3 exhibited a critical functional Ran-binding site such as aspartic and glutamic residues (Fig. 7b and c). Our results also revealed that the MKK-NTF fusions took place alone in several plants, including both eudicots and monocotyledons. In order to explore the evolutionary relationship all MKK3 fused NTF2 domain together with all NTF2 proteins from Arabidopsis, we performed the phylogenetic analyses which showed that fusions occurred at least three times and referred to homologs of NTF2a/b, NTF2-1 and NTF2-2 (Fig. 7d). In addition, the group B MKKs with NTF2 domain had a recent clades of lineage-specific paralogs, including one members such clades in soybean, B. distachyon and S. italica, respectively, revealing numerous gene duplication events (Fig. 7d).

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To configure this setting, once this system is deployed, the list of repositories to analyze (their URLs) is written in a JSON file. Then, another file is used to configure Mordred specifying the details of the deployment (such as polling periods, kind of identity unification to perform, or specific processing to the data). For example in this file it is specified how often **data** sources are visited for incremental retrieval.

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Figure 7 7Overview of the structure of Arthur. Solid arrows show the jobs flow, since they arrive as jobrequests (usually produced by GrimoireELK), to the moment they run as Perceval or Graal invocations inworkers. Dashed arrows show the **data** flow from Graal and Perceval (which access the **data** sources) until it produces items ready to be uploaded to the database. •Redis: https://www.iconfinder. com/icons/4691219/redis_icon -> CC by 3.0; •workers: https://icon-icons.com/icon/gear-hammer/ 38299 -> CC Attribution.Full-size  DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.601/fig-7

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Journal of Clinical Microbiology to align genomes using default parameters with multiple sequence comparison by log expectation (MUSCLE) (21). Data availability. Next-generation sequencing read **data** are available under NCBI BioProject no. PRJNA683873 (see also Table S1 in the supplemental material).

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A glassbox test is a test in which the internal system representation can be inspected. The evaluator should ensure that reasonable test suites, i.e. **data** sets, can be constructed that will activate all loops and conditions of the program being tested.

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For this report , we determined the maps of genome - wide RNAP location in time - course experiments after salt shock and compared these data to global gene expression . Our study not only confirmed a massive dissociation of RNAP from the genomic DNA at the early phase of the osmotic stress response , but also identified a hyperdensity of 70 promoter - like sites at the intergenic regions of salt shock response genes , contributing to RNAP redistribution and transcription of salt - responsive genes during osmotic stress response .

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The localized nature of the vacancy state in LaH x is consistent with the temperature dependence of the d.c. resistivity **data** at room temperatures, which has a temperature depedence consistent with variable range hopping [11]. Localized states are a prerequisite for variable range hopping. In the next section we will discuss the electronic band width of the vacancy states.

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Sonke et al. 39 have shown that although the shape of the tumor trajectory was found to be stable interfractionally, baseline shifts might invalidate the 4DCT planning **dataset**. Although MLC tracking is expected to cope with these shifts (depending on the motion acquisition method), this might result in a mismatch with the dose-influence data. Therefore, to apply the proposed online 4D dose reconstruction method, the validity of the dose-influence **data** should be assessed prior to each fraction. To allow for dose reconstruction on anatomy not captured on 4DCT, patient models could be utilized. 40 Innovations in image-guided radiation therapy technology like the MR-linac 41 may ultimately bring 4D online-imaging and have the potential to continuously update a patient model, robust to baseline shifts and other anatomy changes. Extending this work to volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) is hindered by the substantial increase in dose-influence data. We are currently investigating the trade-off between the number of beam angles and the dosimetric accuracy for online dose reconstruction of VMAT deliveries. Generating dose-influence **data** on the fly is currently too slow and we therefore envision future online 4D dose calculation directly, based on the patient model geometry and a real-time Monte Carlo dose calculation.

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One hundred fifty (150) women from each of the 80 neighbourhoods were randomly selected from the electoral roll. As voting is compulsory for Australian adults, the electoral roll provides a relatively complete record of population **data** in Australian residents aged 18 years and over. Where there were fewer than 150 women living in the neighbourhood (n = 3 neighbourhoods), all those who were eligible were invited to participate. A T1 self-report survey was mailed to an initial sample of 11940 women between August 2007 and January 2008. The survey assessed women's physical activity, eating behaviours, height and weight, and a broad range of factors thought to influence these behaviours and obesity risk. A reminder protocol [35] was employed whereby letters were sent to nonresponders 10 days after the initial survey package was mailed. A second reminder letter followed including another copy of the survey after a further 10 days. The surveys were initially pilot-tested with a convenience sample of 32 women aged 18 to 46 years and minor modifications were made for clarity based on the feedback received.

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From the disease-mapping point of view, population stratification is important in the analysis of association genetic data, especially when that **data** is being used to infer the contribution of genetics to a disease. The presence of undetected population structure can mimic association (leading to more false positives) or mimic lack of association (leading to false negatives) [19]. While there Unrooted radial neighbour-joining tree showing the genetic relationships of the four populations groups studied Figure 3 Unrooted radial neighbour-joining tree showing the genetic relationships of the four populations groups studied.

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To further verify that Na + depletion induces an oxidative stress response of P. gingivalis, we carried out comparative analyses of small metabolites formed in parent and rprY mutant cells grown (2 hr) in the presence and absence of Na + . The **data** was analyzed in several ways including differences between parent and mutants strains in normal medium; in Na + -depleted medium; and metabolites that responded to Na + stress in parent or mutant. The p-values obtained from Two-Way ANOVA statistical analyses indicated whether differences were due to the effect of the rprY mutation or to Na + stress or both. Accordingly, as seen in Table 3, certain significant effects appeared to relate to the sodium status, e.g., in Na + stress, higher methionine sulfoxide, lower ketosphingosine, and more of certain dipeptides. Other effects appeared more related to RprY function than to Na + , e.g., in the mutant, higher undecanoate and lower thiamine. While it is difficult to make close connections of these changes with physiology (see Discussion), we here observe only that this initial analysis of a large number of metabolites from biosynthesis, catabolism and central metabolism reveals perturbations in relatively few of them in the four situations examined. Finally, we compared growth of a P. gingivalis oxyR mutant with that of the parent strain in Na + -depleted and normal media. As observed previously, the parent strain was able to grow in the Na +depleted medium while the oxyR mutant could not (Fig. 5), similar to the rprY mutant (Fig. 2). Since OxyR is a master regulator of genes involved in oxidative stress in Gram-negative bacteria [18], we infer that Na + depletion causes oxidative stress in the P. gingivalis cells.

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where z is represented as a vector of z ij 's for all i = j. It is possible to calculate the marginal probability of each edge p(z ij = 1 | x , q ) for all i , j in O(n 3 ) time using the inside - outside algorithm ( Baker , 1979 ) on the data structures of Eisner ( 1996 ) .

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In agreement with the previous study (Zhang et al. 2012), our **data** confirm that the expression level of SYK is low in normal retina cells but is high in an RB cell line (RB-Y79).

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Sonke et al. 39 have shown that although the shape of the tumor trajectory was found to be stable interfractionally, baseline shifts might invalidate the 4DCT planning dataset. Although MLC tracking is expected to cope with these shifts (depending on the motion acquisition method), this might result in a mismatch with the dose-influence data. Therefore, to apply the proposed online 4D dose reconstruction method, the validity of the dose-influence **data** should be assessed prior to each fraction. To allow for dose reconstruction on anatomy not captured on 4DCT, patient models could be utilized. 40 Innovations in image-guided radiation therapy technology like the MR-linac 41 may ultimately bring 4D online-imaging and have the potential to continuously update a patient model, robust to baseline shifts and other anatomy changes. Extending this work to volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) is hindered by the substantial increase in dose-influence data. We are currently investigating the trade-off between the number of beam angles and the dosimetric accuracy for online dose reconstruction of VMAT deliveries. Generating dose-influence **data** on the fly is currently too slow and we therefore envision future online 4D dose calculation directly, based on the patient model geometry and a real-time Monte Carlo dose calculation.

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The success of machine learning algorithms generally depends on **data** representation, and it is often hypothesized that this is because different representations can entangle and hide more or less the different explanatory factors of variations behind the **data** [1]. To be reasonably addressed, the problem of finding relevant data-adaptive basis functions for a successful inverse modeling, must be considered within a specific domain of applications [2]. This article is concerned with addressing this problem for time-evolving datasets produced by a dynamical system either deterministic or stochastic.

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In this study , a number of different sequences were chosen to understand the effects of structure on hybridization reaction rates and to compare kinetics of these sequences in solution and on surfaces . Model sequences were chosen based on a series of stable single - stranded structures that form GNRA tetraloops where N can be A , G , C or T and R must be a purine ( 10)(11)(12)(13 ) . The hairpins that can form from the tetraloops are unique in that they do not consist of a series of repeating bases ( 14 ) or large multi - base loop regions ( 15 ) . The stability of the four - base loop arises from a number of factors including base stacking between the third and fourth A , hydrogen bonding between an amino proton on the G and an oxygen from the phosphate between the second and third A , and base pairing between the G and the third A in the loop ( 10 ) . In addition to the model tetraloop sequences , a series of random sequences , denoted as random coils , were used for comparison . These sequences have no known stable structure and have similar melting temperatures and identical lengths . To study the possible surface effects on the hybridization rates , kinetic data were obtained both in solution and when one strand was covalently bound to a silica microsphere .

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When compared to these tools, GrimoireLab is in general more diverse in terms of **data** sources supported with a common interface: all of them can be retrieved using the Perceval API. For all of them raw and enriched indexes are produced with a similar structure, all of them can be retrieved and analyzed automatically with the same Mordred configuration. Most of the tools mentioned above support one, or a small number, of different **data** sources, and in general are not designed to produce uniform **data** that can be later queried for further analysis in a uniform way. GrimoireLab also provides identity management for all of these **data** sources, and a common way of visualizing and reporting data. However, the main difference is probably the fact that GrimoireLab tools can be used, if needed, in isolation, and that the **data** is stored in a way that allows for many different kinds of further analysis.

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Ideally, the SSS-δ 18 O sw relationship should be established on a local/regional basis because of variation in the isotopic composition of rainfall and river water (Corrège, 2006). Published values of the slope of the SSS-δ 18 O sw relationship obtained in the tropical Pacific Ocean vary between 0.27 and 0.45 psu (Fairbanks et al., 1997;Morimoto et al., 2002). As an estimate of salinity values, the equation generated by Morimoto et al. (2002) from Palau, when applied to the **data** in this study, yielded a mean value of 34.7 psu for both modern and mid-Holocene δ 18 O sw records. This value corresponds well with the 35.1 psu mean value from the SODA salinity dataset, given that salinities are likely to be lower in the nearshore area of King Reef, and the satellite **data** average a square grid of 0.5° × 0.5°. The annual salinity range of 2.1 psu obtained by applying the Morimoto et al. (2002) equation to the modern δ 18 O sw is higher than the annual salinity range of 1.67 psu indicated by the SODA dataset. The Holocene δ 18 O sw record indicates an annual salinity range of 2.4 psu, suggesting that the annual salinity range was significantly greater in the nearshore GBR at ~ 4700 cal. yr BP.

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In normal pregnancy, the balance of the anti-inflammatory versus pro-inflammatory milieu changes in favour of immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection of the fetal allograft and promote normal placental cytoarchitectural development (Moffett and Loke, 2006;Challis et al., 2009). Our **data** support a role for T3 in the regulation of this balance at the uteroplacental interface.

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Proof . ( of Lemma 10 ) ( 1 ) Given a confidence - rated predictor with inputs hypothesis set V k , unlabelled data U k , and error bound ǫ k /64 , the outputs { ( ξ k , i , ζ k , i , γ k , i ) } n k i=1 must satisfy that for all h , h ′ ∈ V k , [ I(h(x k , i ) = h ′ ( x k , i ) ) ( ξ k , i + ζ k , i ) ] ≤ ǫ k 32

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The first two are evaluated 55 efolds before the end of inflation and the cosmic string tension comes from the end of inflation when the waterfall field condenses . First , we find that the spectral index is 0.98 which is within ∼ 2σ range of WMAP3 year data [ 30 ] . The power spectrum is measured to be P R ∼ 10 −9 from which we get that the scale of inflation is of order of the GUT scale

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The improvement of information technology infrastructure, and the improvement of the ability to analyze environmental **data** lead an organization or a business to achieve a competitive advantage (Grover & Kohli, 2013). Although the dimensions of digital transformation are numerous, those components that have impact on businesses and different industries, and have been considered by researchers and managers of organizations, are recognized as industry 4.0, presented in 2011 (Hofmann & Rüsch, 2017). Ronaghi and Forouharfar (2020) believe "The concept of 'Industry 4.0' is directly related to the installation of smart equipment and instruments for optimal controlling of resources, as well as increasing efficiency besides improving flexibility" (Ronaghi & Forouharfar, 2020, p.2). The presence of time stamps in the blockchain structure prevents any distortion and falsification of information without the knowledge of stakeholders. Therefore, this collective responsibility increases the security and reliability of **data** (Raval, 2016). Using distributed, open-source, peer-to-peer systems, blockchain has the potential to create cleaner economic processes and harmony and balance between the economy, society and the environment . On the other hand, due to the distribution of information in the blockchain network, the method of interaction between users, energy consumption and waste of resources are among the challenges of using this technology . Given the features and challenges, this technology can affect sustainable development (Schulz et al., 2020).

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In line with the restriction against commercial use, Springer Nature does not permit the creation of a product or service that creates revenue, royalties, rent or income from our content or its inclusion as part of a paid for service or for other commercial gain. Springer Nature journal content cannot be used for inter-library loans and librarians may not upload Springer Nature journal content on a large scale into their, or any other, institutional repository. These terms of use are reviewed regularly and may be amended at any time. Springer Nature is not obligated to publish any information or content on this website and may remove it or features or functionality at our sole discretion, at any time with or without notice. Springer Nature may revoke this licence to you at any time and remove access to any copies of the Springer Nature journal content which have been saved. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Springer Nature makes no warranties, representations or guarantees to Users, either express or implied with respect to the Springer nature journal content and all parties disclaim and waive any implied warranties or warranties imposed by law, including merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Please note that these rights do not automatically extend to content, **data** or other material published by Springer Nature that may be licensed from third parties. If you would like to use or distribute our Springer Nature journal content to a wider audience or on a regular basis or in any other manner not expressly permitted by these Terms, please contact Springer Nature at [email protected]

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Phylogenetic **dataset**s are published with this article. Supplementary figures (Figs. S1-S32) and tables are in the Supplementary Information file. The raw CT slice **data** are deposited at MorphoSource.org at https ://www.morph osour ce.org/Detai l/Proje ctDet ail/Show/proje ct_id/1066. The **dataset** from 14 was downloaded from the electronic version of that publication at Nature.com. The **dataset** from 15 is in the in-text appendix of that publication.

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FIG. 5 .FIG. 6 . 56Electron hopping integral t(d) as a function of the distance d between two H ions. The hydrogen hopping integral decreases rapidly with increasing distance between the two H-ions. The equilibrium separation between the two nearest Htet's, and between neighboring Htet and Hoct are 5.29 a.u.and 4.58 a.u., respectively. The solid line shown here is fitted to the three **data** points. A cubic cell with the center of H − 2 as the origin is shown. Total charges of ions enclosed in the cell are neutral. Charges in unit of e on an edge, surface and corner are counted as a quarter, half and eighth of the original charges respectively. Only a few examples are given in the figure. Dotted lines are guides to the eyes.

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In section 2 we describe the experimental **data** we work with as well as the **data** preprocessing procedure. In section 3 we briefly describe the 1-d version of AGCM. GLK is described in section 4. In section 5 we compare performances of these two methods on our experimental data. We discuss results in section 6.

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We then tested the hypothesis that dry season parasitemias were maintained low and subclinical due to decreased parasite replication capacity during this period . We cultured P. falciparum for 36 - 48 h in vitro directly after blood draw from rapid diagnostic test positive ( RDT + ) samples of asymptomatic individuals at three time points of the dry season ( January , March and May ) and from samples of children presenting with their first clinical malaria episode of the ensuing transmission season ( MAL ) . By flow cytometry , we measured the increase in parasitemia and parasite development at 0 , 16 However , the number of hours in culture needed to increase parasitemia was shorter in the dry season samples than in samples from malaria - causing parasites in the transmission season ( Fig . 5a ) . In accordance with an earlier increase in parasitemia in vitro during the dry season , we could frequently identify on Giemsa smears mature schizonts after 16 and 24 h of culture and young ring stages after 30 or 36 h in the dry season samples , whereas mature schizonts of malaria - causing parasite samples were mostly observed after 36 h in culture , and young ring stages were largely found after 48 h in vitro ( Fig . 5b ) . When we calculated the number of hours in culture at which the highest increase of parasitemia could be detected for each sample , we observed that it decreased from the beginning to the end of the dry season - January , 26 in the wet season ( Fig . 5d ) . Finding later developmental parasite stages at earlier times in this short - term in vitro experiment during the dry season could indicate a faster than 48 - h intraerythrocytic replicative cycle , or , alternatively , that dry season parasites circulate longer without adhering to the host vascular endothelium and were more developed than circulating parasites in clinical malaria cases at the time of the blood draw . To test the latter , we used the RNA - seq data described in Fig . 4 to estimate , with a likelihood - based statistical method previously described 28 , the age in hours post - invasion ( hpi ) of circulating parasites from subclinical children at the end of the dry season ( May ) and from clinical cases during the wet season ( MAL ) . We determined that parasites circulating in the dry season had a transcriptional signature of ~17 hpi , 95%CI ( 14.05 , 20.8 ) , whereas parasites circulating in malaria cases during the wet season had a transcription profile similar to parasites with ~7 hpi , 95 % CI ( 6.5 , 7.7 ) ( Fig . 5e ) . Accordingly , imaging the thick blood films made in the field at the time of the blood draw , we confirmed that the more developed trophozoite stages of P. falciparum were present on subclinical samples collected at the end dry season , whereas clinical malaria samples in the transmission season presented much smaller ring stages of P. falciparum ( Fig . 5f , g ) . All together , these data show that , at the end of the dry season , P. falciparum can be found circulating at later stages of the ~48 - h asexual cycle than what is seen during clinical malaria cases in the wet season .

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Intuitively , f t , k is simply the indicator of whether arm k was pulled at time t ; the crucial part is g t , k , which specifies which arm is selected when arm k is not , and the IIO condition requires that g t , k ignores the data from arm k in order to determine which j = k to pull instead .

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1. Resource quality issues including LD **dataset**s and URIs not being maintained, a lack of guidelines and use-cases, and difficulty creating and maintaining URIs. Participants also reported that there is insufficient provenance **data** for LD resources. 2. LD tooling issues including functional inadequacy for the requirements of the library domain, technological complexity, and difficulty integrating into cataloguing workflows. Participants specifically mentioned that tools are often challenging to learn and to use, inadequate for use in LAMs, and difficult to integrate into workflows. 3. Interlinking and integration issues including difficulty with **data** reconciliation and vocabulary mapping, difficulty selecting appropriate ontologies and link-types when interlinking and difficulty in deciding which **dataset**s to interlink with.

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To a DCM ( 20 mL ) solution of 4 ( 1.0 g , 0.87 mmol ) was added Me3SiOTf ( 0.35 mL , 1.94 mmol ) at rt and stirred for 2 h. The solvent was evaporated and the crude product was suspended in toluene , filtered , and dried under vacuum to afford 7 ( 1.13 g , 90 % ) . NMR spectroscopic data of this product were identical to that prepared by using 6 and ( Me3S)AuCl ( see above ) .

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The connectome estimated using functional or effective connectivity algorithms contains a large amount of data, which can complicate the biophysical interpretation. The connectome is composed of values indicating the relatedness of each regionby-region combination. In addition, each of these values can be estimated optionally for defined time-windows and/or frequency ranges. That is, the final result may characterize the **data** in up to four dimensions: region × region × time × frequency. In order to reduce the dimensionality of these complex **data** and to extract meaningful patterns, topological graph analysis can be performed. The importance of specific nodes and the general architecture can be characterized by local and global network characteristics (21). Local indices identify important information hubs, which distribute or merge information to a large number of other nodes, or select so-called rich-clubs of highly interconnected nodes. Global indices measure the organization of the network into small worlds where only neighboring regions exchange information, or whether the network is organized in a centralized way. Regions with high outflow are considered drivers of information transfer in the network. Efficient information transfer across the network is measured by efficiency or path length. Segregation characterized by groups of highly connected regions for specialization can be measured by the clustering coefficient (22). The clear advantage of deriving network characteristics is that it reduces the statistical challenge posed by the multidimensional problem in terms of multiple comparisons. High dimensional **data** can lead to false discoveries when the statistical approach does not deal adequately with the high dimensionality. However, a large degree of integration can obscure localized phenomena. Therefore, the degree of integration needs to be chosen carefully in line with the current clinical problem or research question.

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• A high detection significance for a particular chemical species does not indicate that its abundance is constrained accurately . For instance , retrieving on JWST / NIRSpec PRISM observations obtained with the Tiberius pipeline leads to a ∼25σ detection significance . However , on supplementing these observations with HST / WFC3 G141 and G102 data , the retrieved mixing ratio estimate is 1 dex higher , as the retrieval finds a different spectral baseline .

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The average choice behavior across sessions ( Figure 2B) was computed by subtracting the log indifference point from the log of the offer ratios for each session. The relative offer ratios were then binned into the intervals shown in Figure 2B. A probit regression was then performed on the aligned and averaged choice **data** for visual comparison. To test the effect of inactivation of medial OFC on the indifference point and the inverse slope, a fully balanced design was implemented with fibertype (blocked/patent) and laser (on/off) as the factors in a two-way ANOVA. The number of repetitions of the design (n = 50) was used to match our previous paper of inactivation of lateral OFC . As noted above, some sessions (n = 4) were dropped due to IPs exceeding a 6:1 ratio. Repetitions of the design were also used as a blocking factor due to the wide range of subjective indifference points for each rat and pellet-pair. This block factor had a main effect of p<0.01 in all cases. This test was repeated on a subset of the sessions in which rats showed a significant preference for one of the pellets. In order to determine the threshold for indifference points sufficiently far from the 1:1, trials from sessions with the blocked fiber were randomly split into two separate groups. A bootstrap on the difference between the log of the indifference point for each group was used to determine a significance threshold (a = 0.05) for indifference point shifts.

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Here Equations (2) and (3) mean that U and X together account for all confounding in the observational data, but the observed covariates X alone are not enough. Moreover, we impose the overlap condition 0 < P (A = 1 | U, X, G = O) < 1, which is a standard assumption in causal inference literature. Because of the unmeasured confounders U , the observational **data** alone is not enough to identify the treatment effect parameter τ in eq. (1).

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On-land broadband (BB) portable seismic stations were provided by the GIPP, Germany , in this volume]. They are composed of an Earth-Data PR6-24 recorder and Nanometrics Trillium Compact seismometer ( Figure 3). The PR6-24 is a **data** logger for stand-alone use with three-channel digitizer with a 140dB dynamic range at 100 sps of sampling rate. The seismometer is a Trillium Compact, a broadband three-component sensor with a flat response that ranges from 120 sec to 100 Hz. Its three symmetric triaxial sensors are resonance-free up 200 Hz. These stations were powered with solar panels connected to a 75Ah 12 V batteries.

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There have been considerable work on mmWave propagation at the 60 GHz band [5], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. The free space propagation loss is proportional to the square of the carrier frequency. With a wavelength of about 5 mm, the free space propagation loss at 60 GHz is 28 decibels (dB) more than at 2.4 GHz [14]. Besides, the Oxygen absorption in the 60 GHz band has a peak, ranging from 15 to 30 dB/km [30]. The channel characterization in [31] shows that the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel suffers from higher attenuation than the line-of-sight (LOS) channel. The large scale fading F (d) can be modeled as follows. F (d) = P L(d 0 ) + 10nlog 10 d d 0 − S σ ,(1) where P L(d 0 ) is the path loss at reference distance d 0 , n is the path loss exponent, and S σ is the showing loss. σ is the standard deviation of S σ . In table I, we list the statistical parameters of the path loss model obtained in a corridor, a LOS hall, and a NLOS hall [31]. We can observe that the path loss exponent in the LOS hall is 2.17, while the path loss exponent in the NLOS hall is 3.01. To combat severe propagation loss, directional antennas are employed at both transmitter and receiver to achieve a high antenna gain. For the small-scale propagation effects in the 60 GHz band, it is found that the multipath effect is not obvious with directional antennas. By using circular polarization and receiving antennas of narrow beam width, multipath reflection can be suppressed [32], [33]. In the LOS channel model in the conference room environment proposed in IEEE 802.11ad [9], the direct path contains almost all the energy, and nearly no other multipath components exist. In this case, the channel can be regarded as the Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. In the NLOS channel, there is no direct path, and the number of paths with significant energy is small. To achieve high **data** rate and maximize the power efficiency [34], mmWave communications mainly rely on the LOS transmission.

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Guar gum consumed at the dose used in the present study has been shown to improve cognitive performance, while maintaining blood glucose slightly above baseline. Like guar, kiwifruit alone was able to prevent blood glucose from dropping below the baseline and to significantly reduce hunger at 180 min ( Figure 6). This effect may be a consequence of differences in blood glucose combined with physical effects in the gut. Irrespective of the mechanisms involved, the results suggest that if kiwifruit contributes to maintenance of satiety, its effects on appetite are worth investigating further with the fully validated appetite scale in the context of obesity management. Similarly, assuming that satiety reflects physiological state, and given the results obtained with guar [18], the effects of kiwifruit on cognition should be explored in further research. Although the hunger results were possibly limited by experienced hunger not being a complete measure of appetite [19], it correlates with appetite. A possible limitation of the hunger **data** is that it is a subjective rating, and it was not possible to blind the subjects to the taste of kiwifruit or to the sensation of guar gum in the meals.

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