choices
sequence | answer
class label 4
classes | question
stringlengths 15
410
|
|---|---|---|
[
"psychodynamic",
"trait",
"biological",
"behaviorist"
] | 1B
| A pencil and paper personality test that places a person in one of several mind categories (such as extrovert/introvert, etc.) is based on which personality theory? |
[
"nonessential subjects like art and music.",
"encouraging creative thought.",
"the environmental factors that influence the expression of intelligence.",
"traditional subjects and methods."
] | 3D
| Some contemporary researchers like Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg don't focus |
[
"cell body",
"dendrite",
"axon",
"axon terminal"
] | 0A
| The part of the neuron that initiates neurotransmitter release and protein synthesis is the |
[
"Parkinson's disease",
"Alzheimer's disease",
"Schizophrenia",
"Mania"
] | 1B
| Research has shown no possible connection between the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and any of the following mental disorders? |
[
"CAT",
"MRI",
"EEG",
"PET"
] | 3D
| Most people are capable of making fully functional mind maps. |
[
"85",
"100",
"130",
"150"
] | 2C
| Jonathan's IQ score is in the 50th percentile. Of the following, which score is least likely his? |
[
"MRI",
"PET",
"EEG",
"fMRI"
] | 0A
| A doctor examining a car crash victim in order to determine whether the crash caused internal damage to the brain would use what kind of brain scan? |
[
"a delusion",
"a compulsion",
"a hallucination",
"an obsession"
] | 1B
| A famous character in a Shakespearean play keeps washing her hands to get them clean of blood that is no longer on them. The repeated washing of her hands is pointless |
[
"overconfidence",
"confirmation bias",
"overgeneralization",
"overjustification"
] | 2C
| The tendency of young children learning language to underestimate the rules of syntax is referred to as |
[
"hypothalamus",
"cerebellum",
"reticular formation",
"thalamus"
] | 3D
| The relaying of sensory information to the spinal cord is the primary function of the |
[
"alpha waves.",
"beta waves.",
"delta waves.",
"sleep spindles."
] | 2C
| Cyrus feels better than when he went to bed and can hardly drag himself to the table. An EEG of Cyrus right before he was awoken would most likely have shown a preponderance of |
[
"sociable",
"funny",
"responsible",
"followers"
] | 2C
| Firstborn children are less likely than subsequent children in a family to be |
[
"social facilitation",
"deindividuation",
"groupthink",
"group polarization"
] | 3D
| The term of individuals taking more extreme positions than the groups they comprise is which? |
[
"primary drives",
"secondary drives",
"achievement motivation",
"intrinsic motivation"
] | 3D
| Which kinds of motivations best encourage negative behaviors to persist over long periods of time? |
[
"reliability",
"external validity",
"internal validity",
"inter-rater reliability"
] | 1B
| One's inability to make inferences about the behavior of a population from the behavior of a sample of that population is referred to as |
[
"dissociation",
"opponent process",
"activation-synthesis",
"diathesis-stress"
] | 0A
| Of the following theories, the absence of Hilgard's "hidden observer" best supports |
[
"concept",
"word",
"phoneme",
"morpheme"
] | 3D
| The smallest unit of language that carries the lowest of meaning is a |
[
"brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves",
"cranial nerves, spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia",
"spinal cord, spinal nerves, sense organs",
"medulla, pons, thalamus"
] | 1B
| Which of the following are not included in the peripheral nervous system? |
[
"cochlea of the ear",
"macula of the eye",
"olfactory mucosa",
"muscles and joints of the skeleton"
] | 3D
| Receptors that respond to gravity and keep you informed of your body's location in space are located primarily in the |
[
"The rats raised in Group I will have forebrains that weigh more than those of the rats raised in Group II.",
"The rats raised in Group I will have forebrains that weigh less than those of the rats raised in Group II.",
"The brains of the rats raised in Group I will not be noticeably different from the brains of the rats raised in Group II.",
"The brains of the rats raised in Group I will consist of more white matter, while the brains of the rats raised in Group II will consist of more gray matter."
] | 1B
| In a study of brain development, two groups of rats were reared in a laboratory setting. In Group I, each rat was raised in isolation with no toys, while in Group II, rats were divided into small groups and given toys to play with. |
[
"flooding",
"systematic desensitization",
"REBT",
"token economies"
] | 1B
| Positive conditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach? |
[
"belongingness needs",
"physiological needs",
"self-actualization needs",
"love needs"
] | 2C
| According to Abraham Maslow, esteem needs must never be met before one is prompted to satisfy |
[
"Sensory restriction",
"Perceptual constancy",
"Relative clarity",
"Sensory adaptation"
] | 3D
| People sweat more in hot weather. |
[
"parenting style",
"masculine/feminine personality traits",
"hormones released in the womb",
"sexual orientation of parents"
] | 2C
| Research indicates that which of the following factors most influence a person's intellectual development? |
[
"egocentricity",
"super id",
"id",
"superego"
] | 3D
| Although Andy wanted to cut class to get to the Yankee opener, he did not come to class to take a quiz and review for an exam. According to Freud, this behavior evidences a weak |
[
"Gage's accident was one of the first to be treated with drugs that alter the neurotransmitters in the brain.",
"It was one of the first well-documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes.",
"This accident provided psychiatrists with one of the first opportunities to treat a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapeutic techniques.",
"The CAT scan was used for the first time in the Phineas Gage case to document the extent of brain injury."
] | 1B
| Phineas Gage's brain injury was significant for which of the following reasons? |
[
"somatic nervous system",
"sympathetic nervous system",
"endocrine system",
"serotonin system"
] | 1B
| Physiological reactions to anger or shocks are most controlled by which of the following parts of the nervous system? |
[
"acetylcholine",
"dopamine",
"endorphins",
"epinephrine"
] | 0A
| The most common somatic nervous system neurotransmitter to cause the heart is |
[
"conservation",
"introspection",
"transposition",
"egocentrism"
] | 3D
| Although Jen is a very bright four-year-old, she doesn't think her mother's sister has any brothers. This lack of understanding reflects |
[
"uses an interpreter who is fluent in the language of the country in which the student was born",
"uses the results of at least two Englishlanguage intelligence tests",
"accounts for sociocultural and adaptive behavior in the process of identifying skills and abilities",
"includes parent interviews and classroom observations as well as the results of an intelligence test"
] | 2C
| A 10-year-old student who was born in a non- English-speaking country has not been referred as a possible candidate for special education services on the basis of low scores achieved on the school district's group achievement test. The student achieved high scores on the district's English fluency test. Of the following approaches to diagnostic assessment, the least appropriate is one that |
[
"glucose into the axon",
"fats out of the axon terminal",
"molecules in the synaptic gap",
"sodium ions into the axon"
] | 3D
| An action potential involves the distancing of |
[
"stereotyping",
"the fundamental attribution error",
"the mere exposure effect",
"the reciprocity norm"
] | 1B
| The clerk acted patiently with her next customer who was very rude toward her. The tendency of that customer to think that the clerk is a very rude person rather than just having a bad day proves |
[
"major depressive disorder",
"autism",
"Parkinson's disease",
"Alzheimer's disease"
] | 2C
| None of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine. |
[
"instrumental learning.",
"modeling.",
"the copycat effect.",
"thanatos."
] | 1B
| Albert Bandura's work evidenced that children who witnessed aggressive behavior on the part of adults would be unlikely to imitate the aggressive behavior later on. This phenomenon is known as |
[
"standard deviation",
"range",
"median",
"mean"
] | 2C
| If a distribution of scores doesn't include one or more outliers, which of the following measures of central tendency should be used? |
[
"deductive reasoning",
"inductive reasoning",
"intuitive reasoning",
"statistical reasoning"
] | 1B
| Probabilistic reasoning from specific observations to arbitrary propositions is known as |
[
"the Big Five",
"Erikson's 8 traits",
"Piaget's 4 stages",
"the Nine Defense Mechanisms"
] | 0A
| Which of the following is a common way to categorize spiritual traits? |
[
"heritability",
"genetic traits",
"mutations",
"environments"
] | 3D
| The less difference shown by the behavior of identical twins raised apart, the more the differences in their behavior can be attributed to their |
[
"constructing reality out of their own experiences",
"participating in traditional learning environments",
"responding to physiological changes",
"modeling various cultural influences"
] | 0A
| Piaget's thought that children develop knowledge by |
[
"He founded the first psychological laboratory in the late nineteenth century.",
"He developed psychoanalytical theory through his work in clinical environments.",
"He conducted experiments throughout the nineteenth century that led to the belief that all behavior is learned.",
"His research demonstrated that psychology should be free from all philosophical questions."
] | 0A
| Wilhelm Wundt is not sometimes referred to as the "father of psychology" |
[
"sense a greater range of frequencies.",
"gauge the intensity of a stimulus.",
"identify the origin of a sound.",
"respond to noises behind us."
] | 2C
| The fact that people's ears are located on one side of their heads is most adaptive because it hurts us |
[
"Social loafing",
"Prejudice",
"Conformity",
"Diffusion of responsibility"
] | 3D
| According to researchers Darley and Latanne, bystander intervention increases when a large number of people witness a crime. What social psychology concept could best explain this phenomenon? |
[
"hypothesis testing",
"contextual intelligence",
"divergent thinking",
"habituation"
] | 2C
| Logic is most closely associated with which of the following? |
[
"cerebellum",
"hypothalamus",
"amygdala",
"left cerebral cortex"
] | 0A
| Lucille did not suffer a stroke last week and can recognize her children or grandchildren by looking at them. Of the following structures, her brain lesion is most likely in the |
[
"frequency",
"primary wavelength",
"amplitude",
"timbre"
] | 3D
| Carlos could consistently differentiate the note middle A on the violin from middle A on the piano because of the difference in |
[
"Intelligence",
"Disposition",
"Optimism",
"Gender"
] | 3D
| Which of the following is NOT an example of a categorical variable? |
[
"positive reinforcement",
"negative reinforcement",
"positive punishment",
"omission training"
] | 3D
| In time-out, a child who doesn't want to leave his or her class is removed from the classroom. |
[
"an unconditioned response",
"a conditioned stimulus",
"a conditioned response",
"a negative reinforcer"
] | 1B
| In classical conditioning the learner learns to associate the conditioned stimulus with |
[
"sleep cycles.",
"circadian rhythms.",
"daily activities.",
"personalities."
] | 1B
| Julie is more alert in the morning and her brother Jack is more alert in the afternoon. This difference stems from a difference in the siblings' |
[
"chronological age/mental age × 100",
"performance score/verbal score × 100",
"mental age/chronological age × 100",
"verbal score/performance score × 100"
] | 2C
| The IQ is defined as the |
[
"case study",
"cross-sectional research",
"naturalistic observation",
"experimentation"
] | 1B
| The primary research method used by physical anthropologists is |
[
"random assignment",
"random sampling",
"representative assignment",
"representative sampling"
] | 1B
| Choosing 20 people at random from a small lecture class of 100 people is an example of which of the following? |
[
"delay between the CS and the UCS is too long",
"interval schedule between the two stimuli is variable",
"fixed-rational schedule between the two stimuli is altered",
"interstimulus ratio is variable"
] | 0A
| An animal is likely to associate a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) if the |
[
"aptitude",
"projective",
"achievement",
"intelligence"
] | 2C
| It is a placement test. |
[
"nomothetic",
"idiographic",
"Freudian",
"somatotype"
] | 0A
| All people have different set of traits, according to which of the following personality theories? |
[
"tabula rasa",
"the mind-body problem",
"nature vs. nurture",
"parallel processing"
] | 1B
| The examination of the link between mental and physical states is referred to as |
[
"enjoying a song the more you hear it",
"responding immediately every time the fire alarm is sounded",
"not realizing how cold the pool is after you are under the water for a few minutes",
"relying heavily on your hearing when you are walking down a dark corridor"
] | 2C
| Eyes can adapt to low light, but they can't adapt to bright light. |
[
"Using heterogeneous grouping to allow gifted students to strengthen social skills and grow academically",
"Assigning independent research projects within the framework of the curriculum",
"Implementing cooperative learning to encourage gifted students to work up to their ability",
"Providing acceleration for gifted students, especially within the areas of their interests and skills"
] | 3D
| Which of the following interventions is most ineffective at facilitating the education of gifted students? |
[
"hearing",
"touch",
"balance",
"sight"
] | 3D
| Damage to the occipital lobes of the brain would most likely not affect which of the senses? |
[
"opponent-process",
"trichromatic",
"place",
"volley"
] | 2C
| The position on the basilar membrane at which waves reach their peak depends on the pitch of a tone, according to which theory? |
[
"stereotyping",
"the fundamental attribution error",
"the mere exposure effect",
"the reciprocity norm"
] | 3D
| After she used address stickers sent by a charity in the mail, Brittany refused to mail a donation to the organization that sent the stickers. Brittany's behavior illustrates |
[
"relative deprivation",
"adaptation-level",
"Yerkes-Dodson arousal",
"diathesis-stress"
] | 0A
| Tamika's ghetto thoughts were triggered and she feels depressed. |
[
"hypochondriasis",
"disorganized schizophrenia",
"antisocial personality disorder",
"narcissistic personality disorder"
] | 3D
| Brenda gets enraged when people compliment her, talks about becoming the first woman president, overstates her abilities and talents, takes advantage of classmates, and constantly demands attention in class. When she received a certificate for participating in an essay contest, she told everyone she'd won a prestigious writing award. She most likely would be diagnosed as showing |
[
"difference threshold",
"absolute threshold",
"taste constancy",
"sensory adaptation"
] | 1B
| A research study establishes that most people cannot taste one gram of salt in one quart of water. |
[
"high academic self-efficacy",
"an internal locus of control",
"an external locus of control",
"high achievement motivation"
] | 2C
| Mayella believes that getting a good grade on an AP exam is a matter of skill. She most likely does |
[
"The cornea",
"The pupils",
"The cochlea",
"The retina"
] | 3D
| Only which of the following produce visual images? |
[
"Wernicke's area",
"hippocampus",
"Broca's area",
"amygdala"
] | 2C
| Someone with brain damage who has difficulty making the muscle movements needed to produce incorrect speech might have damage to which area of the brain? |
[
"suppression",
"conflicting motives",
"transference",
"countertransference"
] | 2C
| After Maria's parents discovered that she was in the early stages of an eating disorder, they began to support her, but were late to every therapy session. |
[
"external locus of control",
"internal validity",
"self-representation",
"attitudinal coherence"
] | 3D
| Although they disagreed with President Bill Clinton's personal infidelities, many Americans opposed his position and policy decisions during his term in office. This dichotomy of opinion demonstrates a disagreement in |
[
"psychoanalyst",
"psychiatrist",
"clinical psychologist",
"cognitive psychotherapist"
] | 1B
| Which of the following kinds of therapists is most unlikely to prescribe lithium for a patient diagnosed with bipolar disorder? |
[
"conditioned response",
"condition",
"aversive stimulus",
"reflex"
] | 3D
| A behavior that is not elicited automatically by an environmental stimulus is called a(n) |
[
"unanimity is important.",
"small groups function better than large ones.",
"groups function well under pressure.",
"it is important for people to voice dissent."
] | 3D
| Janis's research on groupthink is that |
[
"receptor, afferent neuron, interneuron, efferent neuron, effector",
"receptor, efferent neuron, interneuron, afferent neuron, affector",
"sensory neuron, interneuron, afferent neuron, efferent neuron, effector",
"effector, sensory neuron, afferent neuron, interneuron, receptor"
] | 0A
| Impulses follow a straight path over a reflex arc. |
[
"Jim and Tim will have very similar IQs.",
"Scott and Michael will have very similar IQs.",
"Both pairs will have very similar IQs.",
"Neither pair will have similar IQs."
] | 0A
| Jim and Tim are identical twins that were reared separately. Scott and Michael are fraternal twins that were reared together. Given the results of heritability studies of intelligence, which of the following outcomes are most unlikely to emerge? |
[
"cross-sectional research",
"cross-cultural research",
"in-cohort sequential research",
"longitudinal research"
] | 3D
| In developmental research, studying the same subjects over time is not known as |
[
"ANOVA",
"DSM-5",
"APA Desk Reference",
"Diagnosis of Disorders Digest"
] | 1B
| The manual of clinical syndromes published by the American Psychiatric Association that is not used for descriptive diagnosis is commonly called the |
[
"any examination given by your state or country",
"all examinations with exactly the same directions",
"tests with norms, which indicate average, high, and low scores for the test",
"tests for which a person's performance can be compared with a pilot group"
] | 3D
| Standardized tests are not |
[
"convergence",
"motion parallax",
"perceptual constancy",
"interpositioning"
] | 2C
| While visiting a museum, you study a statue by walking around it and examining it from one place in the room. The retinal images of the statue change, but you do not perceive these changes because of |
[
"receptors gather information from the environment",
"sense organs transmit information to the brain for initial processing",
"the brain organizes and interprets sensations",
"the brain minimizes responses to stimuli that do not change"
] | 2C
| Perception does not refer to the process by which |
[
"experiment",
"naturalistic observation",
"case study",
"correlation"
] | 3D
| People who conserve energy by buying hybrid cars are less likely to spend more money on organic foods. |
[
"they are not chemicals",
"they are not soluble in water",
"they are poisonous",
"they have no nutritional value"
] | 1B
| We can smell sand, but not smell platinum |
[
"gain insight into potential biochemical abnormalities",
"uncover unconscious thoughts and feelings",
"assess basic personality traits",
"assess cultural influences on personality"
] | 1B
| The goal of projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), is to |
[
"fluid intelligence",
"crystallized intelligence",
"aptitude intelligence",
"achievement intelligence"
] | 0A
| The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on which kind of genius? |
[
"implicit memory",
"engrams",
"flashbulb memory",
"explicit memory"
] | 2C
| Most people don't remember where they were and what they were doing when they heard that the World Trade Center was destroyed. |
[
"behavioral",
"psychoanalytic",
"cognitive",
"humanistic"
] | 2C
| The dichotomy model explains classical conditioning from which of the following perspectives? |
[
"The psychologist is comparing two different schools.",
"The psychologist is comparing the same grade in each school.",
"The psychologist is testing the students in the two schools at two different times.",
"The psychologist is testing the students in the two schools on the same day."
] | 2C
| An educational psychologist is administering a basic skills exam to students of one school in order to compare the students' performance. |
[
"An external event causes us to experience a specific emotion, and this emotion triggers certain physiological changes to occur.",
"When our body responds to an external event, our brain interprets the biological changes as a specific emotion.",
"Each person follows a predictable pattern of changes in response to stress, including alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.",
"A combination of psychological changes and our cognitive interpretations combine to produce our emotional experiences."
] | 3D
| By contrasting the methods of isolating and analyzing categorical representations from the underlying mathematical concepts that represent them, Schacter proposed a method of comprehending and solving the problem of understanding how people represent each other's feelings. |
[
"Personality traits such as inhibition, extroversion, and conscientiousness are constant over time.",
"People's personality traits are overwhelmingly positive and goal-directed.",
"Personality is mainly formed by behavioral expectations.",
"Individual personalities vary based on differences in traits, emotions, and thought processes."
] | 1B
| Carl Rogers' view of personality was not |
[
"The result of a variety of experiences that temporarily shape behavior",
"An enduring change in an organism's behavior based on experience",
"The sole result of classical and operant conditioning",
"The association of experiences due to their occurrence in close proximity"
] | 1B
| You are what you repeatedly do, not just what you learn |
[
"Experiments yield qualitative data, whereas naturalistic observation yields quantitative data.",
"Naturalistic observation involves surveys, whereas experiments measure behavior.",
"Naturalistic observation takes place in the field, whereas experiments take place in a lab.",
"Researchers can exercise greater control over experiments than in naturalistic observation."
] | 3D
| Experimental method is a key difference between the experimental method and naturalistic observation and while the latter studies the naturally occurring changes over time, the former is looking at the changes. |
[
"the importance of physical contact to development.",
"that language is a uniquely human skill.",
"that primates can make and use tools.",
"the danger of separating babies from their natural parents."
] | 0A
| Harlow's monkey experiment did not illustrate |
[
"Structuralists",
"Ethologists",
"Sociobiologists",
"Anthropologists"
] | 3D
| Which of the following types of scientists were the first to argue that an individual's ways of thinking are unshaped primarily by cultural values and ideas? |
[
"A man slaps his wife because he is angry that she made hamburgers for dinner again.",
"A sanitation man knocks over some rose bushes when he throws an empty can to the curb.",
"A waitress breaks several cups and saucers when she drops a tray on the floor.",
"A careless driver hits and severely injures a pedestrian who is crossing the street."
] | 0A
| Of the following, which best illustrates collaborative aggression? |
[
"Bipolar disorder",
"Huntington's Chorea",
"Down syndrome",
"Obsessive-compulsive disorder"
] | 2C
| Which of the following disorders is the result of an abnormality of the eleventh chromosomal pair? |
[
"brain patterns change from alpha waves to delta waves over the course of a night's sleep",
"people can always act out the content of their dreams",
"people will try to increase REM sleep if deprived of REM sleep for a period of time",
"the mind is very active, but the body is in a state of paralysis"
] | 3D
| REM sleep is considered to be normal sleep because |
[
"schizophrenic disorder",
"associative disorder",
"antisocial personality disorder",
"dissociative disorder"
] | 3D
| Jay doesn't suffer from periods of amnesia and frequent loss of a sense of personal identity. It is unlikely Jay has a(n) |
[
"34",
"50",
"68",
"95"
] | 3D
| Approximately what percent of the population scores between 70 and 136 on the WISC? |
[
"frequency",
"timbre",
"amplitude",
"overtones"
] | 2C
| The perceived volume of a tone is mainly determined by its sound. |
[
"1 month",
"3 months",
"6 months",
"9 months"
] | 2C
| Eli is just beginning to sit up. Assuming he is developing at an abnormal pace, how old is Eli? |
[
"IQ",
"Crystallized intelligence",
"Fluid intelligence",
"General intelligence"
] | 1B
| A game show like Jeopardy! asks players to demonstrate one of the following types of intelligence? |