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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:However, how frataxin interacts with the Fe-S cluster biosynthesis components remains unclear as direct one-to-one interactions with each component were reported (IscS [12,22], IscU/Isu1 [6,11,16] or ISD11/Isd11 [14,15]).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In the study by Hickey et al. (2012), spikes were sampled from the field at the point of physiological
robinson et al.: genomic regions influencing root traits in barley 11 of 13
maturity, dried, grain threshed by hand, and stored at −20C to preserve grain dormancy before germination testing.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The drug also reduces catecholamine secretion, thereby reducing stress and leading to a modest (10-20%) reduction in heart rate and blood pressure, which may be particularly beneficial in patients with cardiovascular disease.(7) Unlike midazolam, dexmedetomidine does not affect the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:By clustering with lowly aggressive close kin (King 1989a,b; Viblanc et al. 2010; Arnaud, Dobson & Murie 2012), breeding females may decrease the time/energy cost of maintaining territorial boundaries (Festa-Bianchet & Boag 1982; Murie & Harris 1988), which could ultimately lead to increases in net energy income (TA) or higher allocations in somatic or reproductive functions.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Ophthalmic symptoms are rare manifestations of the intracranial arachnoid cyst, and include unilateral exophthalmos, visual field abnormality, decreased visual acuity and isolated palsies of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves [1–5].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Recent studies identified Wee1 as a potential molecular target in cancer cells and the selective small molecule Wee1-inhibitor MK-1775 demonstrated promising results in cancer cells with enhanced levels of Wee1 (96-98).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:These problems combine to make early diagnosis essential and immediate treatment a necessity, even for the youngest patients [17, 18].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Also, results demonstrated that the molecular weight and G/M ratio were important factors in controlling the antioxidant properties of sodium alginate (Şen 2011).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Recently, the light-induced method, which is based on the changes of surface wettability of certain materials [12], has been developed and provides amore convenient approach for cell harvesting [13].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Currently, with advances in radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and surgical techniques, limb-salvage surgery has become an accepted treatment [2–9].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…lifetimes, whereas indirect benefits refer to benefits to genetically related recipients; i.e., benefits that increase the inclusive fitness of benefactors but typicaly imply fitness costs that are not compensated during the benefactors’ lifetimes (Hamilton 1964; Trivers 1971; West et al. 2007).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:DOI: 10.7554/eLife.08828 1 of 27
mitochondrial division (Friedman et al., 2011; Korobova et al., 2013; Murley et al., 2013; Korobova et al., 2014).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The remnant of the total plasma membranes after extraction of caveolae is called bulk plasma membranes (40) (Fig.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:We used an active contour algorithm [10] to segment the organs from 340 coronal slices over the two patients.
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Text:For women with competing care-giving responsibilities, this involves allowing them to be accompanied by their children, providing on-site childcare or offering childcare subsidies [64,68,79].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:This change accelerates mitochondrial electron transport in the respiratory chain and produces more influx of electrons to the mitochondrial matrix, which in turn produces more ROS and RNS [21, 23, 33, 64, 100, 101, 107–118].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Nevertheless, there is no high-quality evidence for the effectiveness of manipulative therapy for the treatment of CR.([8,17,18]) Shi-style cervical manipulation (SCM) is commonly used to treat CR in China.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Consistent with previous reports (al-Khodairy et al., 1995; Seufert et al., 1995; Tanaka et al., 1999; Biggins et al., 2001), our data showed that Smt3 and Ubc9 have pivotal functions during mitosis.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Scp160p has already been implicated in one such network, the SESA (SMY2/EAP1/SCP160/ASC1) network, in the function of a translational activator (11,25).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Clinical reports of energetic stress in HCM hearts (14, 15) prompted us to measure mitochondrial respiration, mitochondrial copy number, ROS emission/scavenging, and calcium handling in these 2 HCM mouse models.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Previous empirical analyses of subnational consumer subsidies found that a majority of solar adoption was attributable to subsidies (e.g., Hughes and Podolefsky, 2015; Burr, 2016; De Groote and Verboven, 2016; Gillingham and Tsvetanov, 2017).
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Text:The third group of proteins might be necessary to cope with the alterations in electron Xow such as NdhD2, OCP, and the thioredoxin-like AhpC (Ohkawa et al. 2000; Kobayashi et al. 2004; Wilson et al. 2006).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:These results are consistent with field observations of plasma electrolyte concentrations and thermal behaviour of the lizards Sauromalus hispidus and Uromastix acanthinurus (Grenot 1976; Smits 1984) and laboratory observations of S. hispidus (Smits et al. 1986).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:4 lead to a decrease in SC absorption in mice (Deng et al., 2010; Deng et al., 2012).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:found that SNPs of MMP-1 were linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer [12,13].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Matricellular proteins are thought to contribute to the organization and biomechanical stability of
the ECM by modulating cell-matrix interactions and cell signaling rather than by serving directly as structural components (Bornstein et al., 2000).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:The beneficial role of PBM as supportive modality in the management of postmastectomy lymphedema is well established based on strong evidence [15, 16] and recent data suggest its beneficial role concerning radiation-induced oral mucositis [17–20].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured using flow cytometry of cells stained with 5,5′,6,6′- tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanineiodide (JC-1) (Cossarizza et al., 1993) as described previously (Dymkowska et al., 2006).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The language models were characterN-grams trained using texts from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ) [23], which contains 12.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Cisplatin has dramatically been used as the first line treatment for several types of solid tumors, such as breast, head and neck, ovarian, and lung cancers [17].
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Text:In recent years, a similar genotype shift has been observed in South Korea, northern Vietnam, China, Taiwan and Thailand (Chen et al., 2011; Nam et al., 1996; Nga et al., 2004; Nitatpattana et al., 2008; Pan et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2007; Yang et al., 2004; Yun et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2009, 2011).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:However, localization of additional γ-tubulin that surrounds the centrosomes only during mitosis does require microtubules (McNally and Thomas, 1998; Khodjakov and Rieder, 1999).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…is consistent with the currently-held notion that dsRNA targets the gene-specific destruction of mRNA in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells (Fire et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1998; Tabara et al., 1999; Sanchez-Alvorado and Newmark, 1999; Grishok et al., 2000; Boscher and Labouesse, 2000;…
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Spermatogonial transplantation was performed and recipients were prepared as described previously [7].
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Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:More examples of contradictory results have been observed in bovines; some reports (Zakhartchenko et al., 2001; Bhuiyan et al., 2004) indicated a significant decrease in blastocyst
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Increasing the number of EPIYA motifs leads to an increase in the level of CagA phosphorylation (Higashi et al., 2002a; Argent et al., 2004, 2008a; Zhang et al., 2005; Naito et al., 2006).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:, 2008), and Srebp1/2 are known to interact with Hmgb1/2; their activity has been reported to be enhanced by Hmgb1 (Najima et al., 2005).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:This is in keeping with the report of Blickstein et al,[3,15] which showed that the higher the combined twin birthweight the less likely it was to deliver discordant pairs.
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Coinciding with our results, it has been previously reported that i.p. injections of β-glucan reduced IFN-γ production induced by concanavalin A in mice (Pelizon et al., 2003).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:The occurrence of soft tissue tumors in such field of low-dose irradiation (LDRI) has also been emphasized by other authors [50, 52, 53] reporting the development of tumors of the skull bone and neck after exposure to full-mouth diagnostic dental X-ray film [3] and to irradiation for enlarged tonsils [54] and thymus [55].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:In this chapter we will present the formalism for these different kinds of beamformers in their scalar form, then develop the formalism for a vector beamformer (Sekihara et al., 2001, Quraan and Cheyne 2010) and an eigenstate-projected vector beamformer (Sekihara et al., 2001).
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Text:, 2010), and retromer tubule formation is reported to be maximal at the time of Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion (Cullen and Korswagen, 2012; van Weering et al., 2012).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:A serotype-shift occurred over the years with a predominance of DENV-1in 2010, DENV-2 in 2013 and again DENV-1 in 2016 [25].
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:Existing applications of neural meanfield models to anesthesiainduced changes in spontaneous EEG rhythmsmostly focused on understanding the dynamical mechanisms underlying bi-phasic responses (Bojak and Liley, 2005; Hutt and Longtin, 2010; Steyn-Ross et al., 1999).
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Text:In phytophagous arthropods, atranorin was reported to elicit a significant avoidance (Nimis and Skert 2006) or to reduce growth of insect larvae (Pöykkö et al. 2005; Slansky 1979) but no protective effect of atranorin was noticed in snails (Gauslaa 2005; Hesbacher et al. 1995).
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Text:…has been undertaken at several locations including the Ganges delta of southern Bangladesh (Wang and Imhoff 1993), Everglades National Park (Simard et al. 2006), Madagascar (Pasqualini et al. 1999), Kakadu and Daintree National Parks in Australia, French Guiana and Malaysia (Lucas et al. 2007).
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Text:In [3], the authors show the bandwidth towards the L0 scratchpad memory is around L0Y times larger than the minimal (where each pixel is transferred once from the L1 to the L0 scratchpad memory).
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Text:…Takamori et al. (2001)
Endocrine cells, diencephalon (thalamus);
presynaptic
Brainstem catecholaminergic groups
Stornetta et al. (2002a, b); PVN (Herman et al. 2004); ME CRH cells, PP Wittmann et al. (2013)
Not Viable (die at birth)
Moechars et al. (2006), WallenMackenzie et al. (2006)
VGluT3…
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Text:Following Carreras (2007) and Koo and Collins (2010), before training we transform the training set trees to be the best achievable within the model class (i.e., the closest projective tree or 1-Endpoint-Crossing tree).
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Text:A series of genes (termed exo) involved in succinoglycan biosynthesis have been cloned and sequenced (10, 11, 12, 67, 68, 103, 113).
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Text:The main distribution of 13-galactosidase-producing cells in tissues from the different lines is summarized in Table I in parallel with the evaluation of collagen VI expression products in control embryos at different locations (Marvulli et al., 1996).
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Text:…a high overlap between PSD-95 and PLCb1 signals in the cerebral cortex, thus confirming a well defined subcellular location for PLCb1, which previously could be only demonstrated by Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions (Taguchi et al., 2007) or electron microscopy (Fukaya et al., 2008).
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Text:Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 24 months using the Revised Griffith’s scales of Mental Development [24].
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Text:The antioxidant BHT accumulates predominantly in the lung and induces alveolar epithelial damage because of its action on AEC1 (21), which is followed by the proliferation of pulmonary parenchymal cells resembling human UIP (20,22).
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Text:However, unlike Cochrane and Saa-Requejo (2000), the authors do not use a Sharpe ratio criterion to restrict the price interval for assets in incomplete markets, but a generalized version of the coherent risk measure first introduced by Artzner et al. (1999). Carr et al. (2001) argue that economic agents will not only invest in any arbitrage opportunity, but also invest in any acceptable opportunity.
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Text:Stress and the subsequent activation of the HPA axis facilitate the acquisition of cocaine self-administration (Tidey and Miczek, 1997; Mantsch et al., 1998); manipulations of the HPA axis resulting in a reduction of function through pharmacological or surgical means can attenuate the acquisition…
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Text:For example, elk may form smaller groups when exposed to wolf predation risk in relatively closed habitats (Creel & Winnie 2005), but form larger groups in open habitats where wolf densities are higher (Gower et al. 2009).
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Text:…mechanisms of resistance to CDDP have been described, including reduced intracellular accumulation of CDDP; increased detoxification of CDDP by the thiols, glutathione and metallothionein; increased DNA-repair activity; and increased tolerance to DNA damage (Galluzzi et al. 2012; Kelland 2007).
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Text:2000) and in skeletal muscle denervated by transection of the sciatic nerve (Baumeister et al. 1997; Tsukamoto et al. 2002).
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Text:Other potentially carcinogenic effects of insulin resistance stem from abnormal levels of glucose and fatty acids, which include: altered intracellular signaling, chronic inflammation resulting from production of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced proliferation of transformed colonocytes due to increased energy supply [1].
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Text:Recent studies have shown that the global flux distribution in oleaginous Chlorella protothecoides and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii remains stable under nitrogen limiting conditions and is controlled by the availability of carbon precursors (Xiong et al. 2010; Fan et al. 2012).
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Text:…Lemos et al., 2015) at baseline, allowed for the division of the aMCI group according to an AD-alike pattern of impairment at baseline (Lemos et al., 2015), and was associated with the risk of conversion to AD in follow-up studies (Auriacombe et al., 2010; Petersen, 2007; Sarazin et al., 2010).
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Text:While there have been remarkable developments in the last ten years [1–6], structuring large-scale visual data is still an active research area and any improvements would have wide applicability.
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Text:…2010b), jasmonic acid (JA) (Truman et al., 2007), azeleic acid (AA) (Jung et al., 2009), a CDR1-derived peptide (Xia et al., 2004), plastid glycerolipids (Nandi et al., 2004; Chaturvedi et al., 2008), G3P (Chanda et al., 2011) and an abietane diterpenoid, dehydroabietinal (Chaturvedi et al., 2012).
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Text:rural, we calculated the relative prevalence of a missing value by other demographic and fitness variables using logistic regression [49].
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Text:Consequently, the findings of our study suggest that increased PWV noted in new onset diabetes after kidney transplantation [48,49] may already, at least in part, be present before the transplantation and a result of pre-diabetes or insulin resistance in the uraemic patients awaiting a kidney transplant.
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Text:However, even when using adjusted relative risk estimates, PAF estimates can be biased if there are unaccounted confounding factors leadings to overestimation of PAF [51].
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Text:Other mutations in the sgl locus were identi®ed as demonstrating a cuticle phenotype similar to that of wingless (wg) mutants (HaÈ cker et al. 1997; Haerry et al. 1997).
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Text:In a follow-up study using a clinical sample (Amir et al. 2012), individuals with SAD similarly lacked a positive reaction time bias relative to controls without SAD but, interestingly, did not differ in their reaction time to endorse or reject negative interpretations of social sentences.
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Text:The data on avian influenza outbreaks in Vietnam from 2003 through to 2006 was provided by the Epidemiology Unit of the Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam; the characteristics of this dataset are explained elsewhere [6].
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Text:With regard to family fit, there is evidence that a minority of deaf couples would prefer to have deaf children and would consider using prenatal diagnosis to identify and terminate a hearing fetus (Middleton et al., 2001).
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Text:reported that a temporary bite change occurs in most patients the morning after removal of the appliance, and permanent occlusal changes have been observed after longterm treatment with OAs in individual cases [19].
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Text:This study differed from others where NE was achieved in that the birds were given liquid inoculations rather than cultures mixed with feed (Chalmers et al., 2007; Cooper & Songer, 2010).
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Text:Prolonged imbalance of systemic hemodynamics and insufficient postprandial sympathetic activation might cause PPH (Jansen and Lipsitz 1995; Umehara et al. 2014; Hirayama et al. 1993; Mathias 1991).
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Text:…reflect early face processing mechanisms related to the structural encoding of faces (Bentin and Deouell, 2000; Bentin et al., 1996; Eimer, 2000a; Holmes et al., 2003) and has been found to be insensitive to changes in facial expression (Eimer et al., 2003; Holmes et al., 2003) or familiarity…
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Text:Our results were consistent with the findings in the literature that visual impairment is common among patients in rehabilitation facilities (Cox et al., 2005; Grue et al., 2009; Lieberman et al., 2004; Lotery et al., 2000; Park et al., 2005; Squirrell et al., 2005; Wainapel et al., 1989).
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Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
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Text:All femurs were fractured by simulating a fall on the greater trochantor in a modified Hayes-fall configuration (Courtney et al., 1995).
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Text:The potential for BCL-xL to modulate other channels in the outer mitochondrial membrane is suggested by the finding that BCL-xL regulates the open state of the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) in synthetic membranes (Degterev et al., 2001; Vander Heiden et al., 2001).
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Text:This is in agreement with some results where different antibiotics led to less negatively charged zeta potential in Gram-negative bacteria as a consequence of modification or complete loss of LPS and/or lipid A from the outer membrane (Winfield et al., 2005; Gooderham and Hancock, 2009; Moffatt et al., 2010).
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Text:Depression Assessment The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) [13] is increasingly employed in clinical research since results from earlier studies had suggested that the scale could be superior to the traditional HAMD17 with respect to sensitivity to change [13,14,15] and other psychometric properties [16].
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Text:These results are consistent with findings that there is a selective migration of stimulated lymphocytes to specific effector sites of the mucosal immune system (31).
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Text:To reduce indels at off-target sites, double nicking of opposite strands by the RuvC dead mutant Cas9D10A with two gRNAs has been proposed (Ran et al. 2013a; Shen et al. 2014).
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Text:For example, the second version of the Microsoft Kinect (Kinect V2) is one of the most low-cost and high-speed Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors in the market [3].
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Text:GFP-Pex34p, like the peroxisomal matrix protein Pot1p, localized preferentially to a 20,000 × g pellet (20KgP) fraction enriched for mature peroxisomes and some forms of immature peroxisomes (Tam et al., 2003; Vizeacoumar et al., 2003, 2004) (Figure 1B).
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Text:In this study, all coated NiTi wires showed more deflection with the unloading force than the loading force, which is consistent with previously reported
results (Lim et al., ’94; Krishnan and Kumar, 2004; Elayyan et al., 2008, 2010; Alavi and Hosseini, 2012; Wilkinson et al., 2012).
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Text:[8] investigated the thermal decomposition processes of 10 types of natural fibres commonly used in the polymer composite industry.
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Text:The evaluation of the impact in the accuracy of the node’s response has been performed for each supported frequency by comparing the results with our reference model programmed in Matlab which mimics the node’s architecture and is already used in [3], [4], [5] and [6].
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Text:Mothers with incomplete socio-demographic or labor data (n = 36), caesarean sections (n = 42) or exceptionally long labor (> 24 hours, n = 1) were excluded because labor has been reported to influence lymphocyte distribution [15], leaving 1,397 subjects for this study.
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Text:This conclusion is consistent with the results and conclusions of Fu et al. (2002) who allowed N-22 patients 3 mo to adapt to an octave shift.
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Text:…role, with local effects of dust and land surface changes having potentially intensified drought conditions during the Dust Bowl era, although the importance of these factors is still under discussion (McCrary and Randall 2010; Broennimann et al. 2009; Cook et al. 2009; Hoerling et al. 2009).
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Text:Another clinically important feature is the length of the MBs, sometimes referred as the width (Mohlenkamp et al. 2002; Ozbag et al. 2002; Ozbag and Kervancioglu 2004).
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Text:This design captured 11,383,697 bp within the non-recombining malespecific Y-chromosome, consistent with regions genotyped by previous Y sequencing studies [41] and the Y positions placed on the phylogenetic tree by the Y Chromosome Consortium [28].
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Text:Straight lines on these semi-log plots are indicative of exponential distributions [4,36].
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Text:The Extended Yale B [14] dataset contains frontal face images of 38 individuals each under 64 different illumination conditions.
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Text:2003; Maier 2003), but such capability was rarely reported for cold-adapted isolates (Yakimov et al. 1999; Pini et al. 2007; Cai et al. 2014).
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Text:[27], the Lineweaver-Burke equation was used to calculate the maximum deformability (EImax) and the shear stress required for one-half of this maximal deformation (SS K).
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Text:Early-fruit removal in cotton has been used to study plant recovery potential and source-sink relation (Dong et al. 2008b).
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Text:• Even more efficient pure TSP heuristics such as the Lin-Kernighan heuristic (LKH) (Lin and Kernighan, 1973), using the LKH implementation (Helsgaun, 2000, http://www.
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Text:Other forms of elevated CK signaling, such as CK application or overexpression of IPT [39, 40] or KNOTTED genes [41], were insufficient to promote tubers in tomato, probably due to inappropriate local hormonal balances or to changing ratios among CK metabolites [42].
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Text:Although MB morphogenesis involves Dscam variants lacking exons 19 and 23, past studies have shown that the Dscam 19 23 transgene, no matter which ectodomain it carries and whether it is fused with GFP at the C terminus or not, can effectively prevent sister branches from extending into the same axon bundle in single-cell clones of Dscam mutant neurons (Wang et al., 2004; Zhan et al., 2004; Soba et al., 2007).
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