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__label__wiki | 0.80253 | 0.80253 | You are here: Main " Why ACA repeal bill is the worst yet - especially for women
"The American Academy of Family Physicians is pleased that the U.S. Senate has determined that they will not proceed with efforts to repeal the Affordable Care Act".
"A year ago there weren't as many people standing up and saying health care is a human right".
States should be allowed to include additional "targeted" recipients, such as childless adults, and also allowed to cover generic drug equivalents and take measures to control medication costs.
Antos said after years of working to oppose President Barack Obama, the Republican-controlled U.S. Congress was taken by surprise when Donald Trump was elected President last November.
The problem with socialized health care is the very reason I just explained. Senator John McCain of Arizona is one of the Republicans who does not support the Graham-Cassidy bill. Certainly not a God who tells us to protect the least among us.
Roades: I can't predict whether Republicans will eventually pass Graham-Cassidy or another ACA repeal bill, but it does seem like they'll keep trying. Sen. Sadly, politics so often trumps sound policy, moral decency and a sense of responsibility for the next generation and the nation's future.
Rabbi Jonah Pesner, head of the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism, said, "For centuries, Jewish law has commanded communities to provide healthcare to their inhabitants...we call upon the Senate and House to work together to enhance our healthcare system so that all people can access the care they need and deserve".
Concepts like block granting Medicaid expansion funds and premium subsidies and capping Medicaid spending at unrealistic levels will nearly certainly be back in the future. The initial version of Graham-Cassidy reveals that it created a system in which, using a new temporary block grant, all states would receive the amount of federal resources necessary to provide coverage to certain individuals who would be ineligible for Medicaid. Moving forward, Congress needs to craft responsible reforms to bring long-term stability and predictability to the individual market.
The decision not to put the bill to a vote in the Senate came a day after Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) and Bill Cassidy (R-La.), would have violated the federal government's trust and treaty responsibility by gutting the ACA and taking away health care from hundreds of thousands of Native Americans, Udall said.
According to Avalere's study, children will see funding slashed by an astonishing 31 percent by 2036.
Park Square was lined with people opposing the new federal health care proposal. In 2004, the HMS Department of Health Care Policy established the Marshall J. Seidman Program for Medical Economics, which supports cost and quality research through the Seidman Fellowship Program.
When Obamacare was introduced in 2010, it was meant to be a solution for Americans who could not afford health insurance. Most everyone in West Virginia knows someone with a pre-existing condition that could end up with astronomical health care charges or loss of coverage. And she described the parents as formidable: "You do not want to stand in between one of these moms and the good health care of her child".
It's no surprise. In addition to the unsafe policies we've seen in previous versions of Obamacare repeal, the Graham-Cassidy-Heller bill goes much further than any other piece of legislation.
COPYRIGHT VIOLATION WARNING: This news story was originally posted by Week Herald and is the sole property of of Week Herald. Wall Street is only getting more bullish on the stock, with 11 of analysts who cover LBTYA having a buy-equivalent rating.
You may have seen this outlined in Star Wars Shattered Empire and Star Wars Aftermath, punishing the Empire and Rebellion both. There's also a glimpse at summoning reinforcements and hero customisation.
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) has issued regulatory guidance on initial coin offerings (ICOs). The move helped convulse Bitcoin prices that had been behaving in a parabolic fashion, ultimately peaking at all-time highs.
With fans eager to see what would happen between Neymar and Cavani, it was the Brazilian who stepped up and rolled it in for his eighth goal in PSG colours.
Airport, hotel, circuit - Raikkonen sees no reason to miss Malaysian GP
Having been second quickest to team-mate Kimi Raikkonen in FP3, Vettel had to stop running early due to a power unit issue. It is Hamilton's fifth career Malaysian Grand Prix pole position equaling Michael Schumacher's Sepang record.
These two charts show what's wrong with Trump's tax proposal
If you own your own business, you'd only benefit from the cap if you would otherwise be subject to a tax rate higher than 25%. But the claim that broad cuts in corporate and individual tax rates will not reduce revenue is not borne out by history.
Trump has repeatedly boasted about the positive reviews he said his administration is getting from Puerto Rico and the U.S. A spokesperson for Rosselló told CNN only 20 percent of drivers have gone back to work since the hurricane.
Asked whether there could be any happiness about his promotion, he said, "There's happiness from the standpoint of we know now". It's not something easy on us or him. "He's loud in practice and it is fun to have him around".
Speaking ahead of Crystal Palace's visit to Old Trafford on Saturday, Mourinho revealed that the France global will not be available for the foreseeable future.
Television pictures showed dozens of fans falling onto the pitch, and the match was suspended following a security meeting. Lille tweeted a message to the injured fans from their official Twitter account saying: "We give them all our support".
Tim Aiken, NC Guard's Director of Joint Operations. "Our thoughts and prayers are with those affected by Hurricane Maria", said Brig.
Bluehole Spins Off Separate Entity Focused Entirely On PUBG
Playerunknown's Battleground firm Bluehole has confirmed that Chinese tech giant Tencent has contacted it to purchase a stake. Earlier today, Bluehole announced that the smash hit PUBG is now being maintained by PUBG Corp .
Congress will have sixty days to decide whether to reimpose sanctions that were in place before the nuclear deal was signed. Responding to the missile test, Trump said it illustrated the weakness of the existing nuclear deal. | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line4 | 7,091,987,756,669,633,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.523781 | 0.476219 | Entries in Department of Agriculture (3)
Food Prices Could Rise 5 Percent in Next 9 Months
Jupiterimages/Pixland/Thinkstock(WASHINGTON) -- The cost of filling grocery carts in America is going up. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced Wednesday that it is projecting as much as a five percent price hike for some food items over the next nine months.
"Of course I'm concerned," said shopper Barbara Webb. "I'm concerned for the people who can't afford it."
Behind the expensive jump is the drought, now covering 60 percent of the United States, pushing up prices for feed that translate into higher prices for beef, pork and chicken products.
Beef prices will see the biggest hike, up four to five percent, according to the USDA. That means the ground beef purchased last year for $2.77 per pound will cost consumers $3.04 per pound next year.
Dairy product prices will increase by 3.5 to 4.5 percent, bumping a gallon of milk from $3.57 in 2011 to $3.84 in 2013.
The price of eggs will also go up by three to four percent, making a dozen eggs $1.95 per dozen in 2013, compared with $1.77 in 2011.
If USDA's economists are correct, a family who spends $150 per week on groceries will now be spending $160 by next year, bumping their annual food budget up more than $500.
Lisa Lee Freeman, editor-in-chief of ShopSmart magazine, has a few tips for families trying to keep their grocery bills down, despite the anticipated hike.
"The best thing you can do is if all you're doing is clipping coupons in newspapers -- go online!" Freeman said. "There are literally hundreds of coupons online and if you're not tapping that, you're missing out on a huge resource for savings."
Freeman also recommends buying store brands in supermarkets, joining warehouse clubs and even shopping at dollar stores to save the most money.
"Things are changing and the dollar stores are now carrying brand name items," Freeman said. "Prices can be up to one-third cheaper at the dollar store than at the supermarket."
The 2013 food price forecast projects an overall food price hike of three to four percent, higher than the normal annual grocery inflation of 2.8 percent.
The recent announcement is also the USDA's first projection to factor in the drought.
David Lobell, writes studies for Climate Central, monitoring global warming. He says farmers should prepare for tougher growing conditions and higher prices in the future.
"This year is very emblematic of the type of thing we worry about with climate change," Lobell said. "The new normal for agriculture is going to be frequent episodes of very high temperatures. Temperatures at which pretty much any crop does not do very well."
Wednesday, July 25, 2012 at 9:51PM by Carmen Cox Permalink
tagged Crops, Department of Agriculture, Food Prices, drought in Business General, Economy
Less Beef Being Consumed in the US, USDA Finds
Jupiterimages/Thinkstock(WASHINGTON) -- Where's the beef? These days, less of it is being found in the kitchens of the average American family, much to the consternation of cattle ranchers and meat packers.
There's no question that the nation's beef consumption habits have changed over the past decade for health reasons. Another problem for the beef industry: the down economy and a fall-off in business of restaurants with main courses of steaks and other meat dishes.
According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, per capita beef consumption in 2011 was 57.4 pounds per person, a drop of 13 percent from 2001. It's believed that the decline will continue next year by at least another five to six percent from 2011.
The beef industry has responded by developing cuts of meat that will satisfy steak lovers at lower prices. Sales of cheaper ground beef have also risen substantially.
Meanwhile, the industry is also looking outside the U.S. to bolster business. Sales have improved in Asian countries including Russia, where fears of mad cow disease have subsided over the past few years.
Friday, December 23, 2011 at 6:00AM by Jeanette Torres Permalink
tagged Beef, Department of Agriculture, USDA in Business General
USDA Is Pleased after Government Approves Funding in Pigford Settlement
Secretary of Agriculture, Tom Vilsack. Photo Courtesy - USDA dot gov(WASHINGTON) -- The Senate Friday decided to provide funding as relief to the country's black farmers who have experienced discrimination in the farming industry.
The government approved funding for the settlement agreement on a class action suit originally filed in 1997 by farmer Timothy Pigford, who was later joined in the suit by 400 other African American farmers, against the Department of Agriculture citing instances of descrimination.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture commended the government's "leadership in working to right these wrongs."
"This announcement marks a major milestone in USDA's efforts to turn the page on a sad chapter in our history," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack in a written statement.
Vilsack added that Civil rights is a "top priority," which has prompted him to implement a program that will ensure customers are treated fairly and equally.
Copyright 2010 ABC News Radio
Friday, November 19, 2010 at 8:30PM by Carmen Cox Permalink
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__label__wiki | 0.802271 | 0.802271 | Labels: israel, jordan, middle east
Last update - 05:00 10/11/2005
Israelis evacuated from Amman hotel hours before bombings
By Yoav Stern, Haaretz Correspondent
A number of Israelis staying on Wednesday at the Radisson hotel were evacuated before the bombing by Jordanian security forces, apparently due to a specific security alert. They were escorted back to Israel by security personnel.
The Foreign Ministry stated Wednesday that no Israeli tourists are known to have been injured in the blasts. Representatives of Israel's embassy in Amman were in contact with local authorities to examine any report of injured Israelis, but none were received. There are often a number of Israeli businessman and tourists in Amman, including in the hotels hit Wednesday.
Israel's counter-terror headquarters on Wednesday recommended Israeli citizens not travel in Jordan. Travel warnings regarding Jordan were tightened a few months ago, but many Israelis still visit the country. Many also visit other regions such as the Jordanian Arava and the ancient city of Petra.
full
Scores Dead In Three
Amman Hotel Bombings
Israelis Evacuated Before Attack
By Yoav Stern and Zohar Blumenkrantz
Ha'aretz Daily - Israel
Bombs rocked three hotels in Amman late last night, killing at least 57 people and wounding more than 115 in apparent suicide attacks. One of the hotels is known to be popular with Israeli tourists.
"There were three terrorist attacks on the Grand Hyatt, Radisson SAS and Days Inn hotels, and it is believed that the blasts were suicide bombings," police spokesman Major Bashir al-Da'aja told The Associated Press. He declined to elaborate.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attacks.
A police official said the attacks were simultaneous and hit minutes before 9 P.M. in two districts in the Jordanian capital, including the commercial area of Jebel Amman and Al-Rabiyeh, which houses the Israeli Embassy.
A number of Israelis staying yesterday at the Radisson SAS were evacuated before the bombing by Jordanian security forces, apparently due to a specific security alert. They were escorted back to Israel by security personnel.
The Foreign Ministry stated yesterday that no Israeli tourists are known to have been injured in the blasts. Representatives of Israel's embassy in Amman were in contact with local authorities to examine any report of injured Israelis, but none were received. There are often a number of Israeli businessman and tourists in Amman, including in the hotels hit yesterday.
Israel's counter-terror headquarters yesterday recommended Israeli citizens not travel in Jordan. Travel recommendations regarding Jordan were tightened a few months ago, but many Israelis still visit the country. Many also visit other regions such as the Jordanian Arava and the ancient city of Petra.
The first bomber, at 8:50 P.M. local time, struck the Grand Hyatt, completely shattering the stone entrance. An AP reporter saw at least seven bodies removed from the hotel and many more wounded carried out on stretchers.
CNN reported an eyewitness saying the Jordanian prime minister's car was at the Grand Hyatt at the time of the blast.
Police said a second explosion hit the nearby Radisson SAS hotel, where about 250 people were attending a wedding reception. At least five were killed and at least 20 wounded in that blast, believed to have been caused by a bomb placed in a false ceiling, police sources at the scene told Reuters.
The Radisson, in particular, is popular with Israeli tourists and was a target of several foiled Al-Qaida plots in the past.
Police also reported a third explosion at the Days Inn Hotel in Amman. There were also casualties at that hotel.
"The attacks carry the trademark of Al-Qaida," one police official said on condition of anonymity in line with police regulations. "However, it is not certain. We are investigating."
Ayman al-Safadi, editor of Jordan's Al-Ghad newspaper, told the Al-Arabiya satellite network that it was a "terrorist operation."
"Finally, the terrorists succeeded in breaking the security in Jordan," he said, referring to past success in foiling many terror plots.
Jordan's King Abdullah II condemned the attack, saying, "Justice will pursue the criminals" behind the Amman suicide attacks, CNN reported. Abdullah, who was on an official visit to Kazakhstan, cut short his trip and was returning home last night.
The Grand Hyatt and Radisson SAS hotels, in the commercial Jebel Amman district, are located about one kilometer apart and are frequented by American and European businessmen and diplomats. The Days Inn is located three kilometers away.
An American businessman who was at the Grand Hyatt when the explosion occurred said a "bomb that went off in the lobby." He declined to identify himself.
"It was a miracle that we made it out with a scratch," said a British guest at the Grand Hyatt.
"We thought it was fireworks for the wedding but I saw people falling to the ground," said Ahmed, a wedding guest at the
Radisson who did not give his surname. "I saw blood. There were people killed. It was ugly."
Jordan, a key ally of both the United States and Israel, had largely escaped the terror attacks that have hit other parts of the Middle East, and its sleepy capital, Amman, is viewed as a haven of stability in the region.
But Jordan has not been entirely immune: On Aug. 19, militants fired three Katyusha rockets at a U.S. Navy ship docked at the Red Sea resort of Aqaba, narrowly missing it and killing a Jordanian soldier.
Jordanian officials blamed that attack on Al-Qaida in Iraq, and there have been growing worries that the violence in Iraq could spill over into Jordan, where many Iraqi exiles have taken refuge from the violence.
Who died, and who didn't, in Jordan
There is an excellent summary of some peculiarities in the Jordan bombings in Xiaodong People, tying it to warnings given to Israelis in other recent 'terrorist' attacks (we might add the Odigo 9-11 warnings). The original story that the Israelis received warnings has been whitewashed, and the link replaced by a denial. There is, however, reported confirmation of advance warning from Amos N. Guiora, a former senior Israeli counter-terrorism official. You have to wonder why the Israelis chose not to share their wonderful intelligence with the Jordanians (in much the same way that you might wonder why they didn't go into more detail in their warnings to the United States on 9-11, particularly as their intelligence was apparently good enough and specific enough to be able to send Israeli agents to film the attack on the WTC, not to mention cheer it on). The attack did manage to kill the head of the Palestinian intelligence services (not to mention a Palestinian banker and a Palestinian commercial attache), and members of a delegation from China's University of National Defense, with whom the Palestinians might be assumed to be meeting (or at least the Israelis might have so assumed; see Kurt Nimmo on the Chinese connection). Since at least one of the bombs was pre-planted in a ceiling of the hotel, it would be very interesting to know who owned the hotel and could give access to bomb planters. The Jordanian reaction, to blame it all on the same dead man the Americans use as the scapegoat in Iraq, is probably a reflection of the extremely close ties between the CIA and Jordan's General Intelligence Directorate. I think we can probably chalk this one up to the continuing battle between the Israelis and the Palestinians over who gets to be protected by China after the American Empire collapses under the weight of trying to build the Israeli Empire. | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line14 | 4,127,719,154,675,389,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.639005 | 0.360995 | MONZA to DONATE 10 PERCENT of PIZZA and HOUSE WINE SALES; SUPPORTS AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, Jan. 27 | Business
MONZA to DONATE 10 PERCENT of PIZZA and HOUSE WINE SALES; SUPPORTS AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, Jan. 27
Wednesday, January 14th, 2015, 1:49pm
Topics: Business, Community Spirit, Restaurants
Monza of Old Town Manassas, Va. is hosting an American Cancer Society fundraiser on Tues., Jan. 27 from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. Monza will donate 10 percent of all pizza and house wines sales from that night to the American Cancer Society. For information, go to .
"We invite everyone to come out and help support the American Cancer Society, enjoy some brick-oven pizza and make a difference," said Alice Pires, owner of Carmello's and Monza of Old Town Manassas, Va.
Carmello's of Old Town Manassas, Va. was established in 1987 and is owned by Portuguese immigrant, Alice Pires of Manassas, Va. The family-owned restaurant offers fine dining, serving a contemporary American cuisine with Portuguese and Mediterranean influence. In 2011, its sister restaurant, Monza, was created, providing bistro fare. Carmello's earned the Award of Excellence by Wine Spectator magazine for five consecutive years, and has been voted best fining dining restaurant by Prince William Today for 2013. Their seasonal menus are complemented by their fresh produce from the restaurant's garden. Carmello's and Monza are active volunteers in its community, uniting with local charities to help those in need and to build community spirit. For more information, go to , , visit us on Facebook, Twitter or call 703-368-5522. | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line20 | 13,255,019,226,417,280,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.576238 | 0.423762 | Matt Phelan
Interview: September 13, 2016
SNOW WHITE: A GRAPHIC NOVEL --- written and illustrated by award-winning author Matt Phelan --- is a retelling of the classic fairytale like you've never seen before. Set in New York in the 1930s, Phelan's gorgeous artwork will sweep you away into a familiar story, but with a lot of interesting changes on the characters and story you love. In this interview with Teenreads.com's Dana Cuadrado, Matt Phelan shares his inspiration for his "Snow White" reimagining as well as his artistic process in illustrating the story.
Dana Cuadrado: Fairy tale retellings are hugely popular these days, especially for young adults. What inspired you to take on your own retelling and why did you choose Snow White?
Matt Phelan: The story of "Snow White" has wonderful layers to it. I particularly like that she is not alone. She inspires others and they help her. That aspect always set it apart for me.
There are many, many versions of "Snow White" in the world. Why do another one? For me, the driving force was the idea that --- no matter how dark or oppressive the world is --- there are still good people and furthermore, I believe, more good people than evil. It's the goodness of Snow and her optimism that conquers the evil. It's an important thing to remember in today's world.
DC: Your artistic style and the historical settings were highlights for me when reading your book. What inspired you to set Snow White in the 1930s? How did you do your research on the time period?
MP: One day I made the connection between the apple peddlers of the Great Depression and the evil stepmother in "Snow White". I made a sketch, just for my own amusement, of a crowded city street and one young woman stopped by a very haggard looking peddler holding up a deep red apple. From that, I started to think of more ways "Snow White" could translate to that period. Who is the Queen? The Queen of the Ziegfeld Follies. Who are the Seven Dwarfs? Seven street kids, like the Dead End Gang of the movies. It was almost a game, but eventually I became fascinated about how that approach could change the story and how I might be able to add something to the tale. The Seven and the fact that they keep their names a secret (a sharp contrast to the Disney version) was really the key.
The 1920s, '30s, and even the '40s have always fascinated me, due mostly to my lifetime love of movies from that time. (I'm also a huge fan of the music, art, and fashions of that era). As a result, I think I can "put" myself into that time period fairly easily. For the look of this book, I was influenced less by the glossy Art Deco style and more by the darker 1930s films like Fritz Lang's M, John Ford's The Informer, and King Kong.
DC: Many of the story choices in SNOW WHITE were really fresh and modern. What specifically did you want to bring to a story that has been retold so many times to revitalize it and make it your own?
MP: I guess the most drastic change I made was getting rid of the "fairest in the land" motivation. Since the Queen is an ex-Broadway star, I felt that she would have always been surrounded by upcoming young ingénues. That's part of the game. Greed and social position are more powerful motivations for an aging star in the Great Depression. That led to changing the magic mirror to the ticker tape machine (although I do give her a room that is filled with nothing but mirrors). The other thing that bothered me about the fairest in the land angle was that it seems pretty shallow. Does the huntsman spare Snow because she's pretty? No. There had to be something more to her. Snow is an innately good person in a dark and hopeless world. That is what inspires the huntsman and the Seven to help her.
DC: All of your characters were really well-thought out and developed, but I especially loved the Evil Queen character --- her eyes were incredibly expressive! Which character are you most fond of?
MP: Thank you. I resisted any urge to give the Queen a backstory to make her sympathetic. She is not a good person.
I've always had a fondness for the huntsman character. In my version, Mr. Hunt is a goon, a thug who fell in love with the Queen while working backstage at the Follies. I think he's been doing her dirty work for years, but he draws the line at murdering Snow. He's the tragic hero of the story. Plus, it's just fun to draw a mug like that.
DC: Your artwork is beautiful and must be very time consuming; which panel took you the longest to complete? How many drafts does it take from start to finish for a graphic novel?
MP: I always write a manuscript first before drawing anything. SNOW WHITE has been in the back of my mind for maybe ten years, so when I finally sat down to write it (a month or so after finishing the art for BLUFFTON) it came out fairly quickly and intact. The entire book took about three years to create.
Although drawing a graphic novel is incredibly time consuming, I wanted to work quickly on each panel. I wanted a certain energy to the line and the watercolor. I wanted it to be alive. To make the dummy, I sketched the whole thing in very small, loose drawings using black and white pencils on grey paper. The sketches really had life (part of me wanted to just print those). So, in order to give the finals the same energy, I drew each page without using a light-box or a guide sketch except for just looking at those small drawings for inspiration. If I messed up, I redrew it. But working that way --- that uncertainty of pulling it off --- made each panel exciting to draw and paint.
DC: From looking at your past work, it is clear that you have a personality and style that carries throughout all of your work. Can you describe your artistic style and influences?
MP: I've always loved sketches and art that has a "just enough" quality to it. E.H. Shepard (the illustrator of WINNIE-THE-POOH and THE WIND IN THE WILLOWS) is a great example. Shepard also managed to convey a tremendous amount of warmth and emotion in his drawings and that emotional connection is also something I aspire too in my work. Recently, I've been studying the drawings of China and Japan. It astounds me how simple and perfect those drawings are especially when compared to what was happening in the west in, say, the 12th century. In his STORY OF ART, E.H. Gombrich writes that the Chinese artists were not interested in detail or realism of any kind. They were more interested in "the visual traces of the artist's enthusiasm". I love that.
I'm also influenced (in style and storytelling) by the movies of the Golden Age: Orson Welles, Buster Keaton, Billy Wilder, John Ford, and some of Hitchcock (particularly Notorious and Shadow of a Doubt).
DC: Do you come from a naturally artistic and creative family? How did you get your start as a writer/illustrator?
MP: My home was very creative but not in a pushy way. My mom drew and painted for fun. My dad made Super 8 movies in his spare time. My brother is a musician. I drew and had a workshop in the basement where I built puppets and experimented with stop-motion animation and special effects. I was always making something or gathering friends to shoot a short video in the backyard.
In my mid- to late-twenties I realized that my dream job was to be a picture book illustrator. I spent years putting a portfolio together before getting my break at a Society of Children's Book Writers & Illustrators (SCBWI) event. I was 33 at the time and well into a "real" career. I never let go of the idea that I wanted to earn my living doing creative work and that tenacity paid off eventually.
DC: Since you have illustrated other author's stories as well writing and illustrating your own, which would you say is harder to do? Which do you prefer?
MP: I really do enjoy both since they exercise different muscles. When you illustrate someone else's story there is a great responsibility to identify the tone and intention of the author. It's almost like a puzzle. But then you need to bring something to that, to enhance the story. When it's successful, the picture book really is a collaboration between the writer and the artist. That can be very exciting and satisfying. When it's also your story, you still need to discover the right tone but you are 100% sure of the intention from the beginning.
DC: What advice would you give for aspiring artists and writers?
MP: Draw and write. Look at books but don't copy styles or follow trends. Find what you love about this work and focus on that. Be enthusiastic. Make sure you leave visual traces of your enthusiasm.
DC: What are you currently working on? What is your next project?
MP: I'm working on some new stories for older audiences but it's too soon to talk details. For SNOW WHITE, I brought some techniques from picture books into the graphic novel medium (I don't really separate the two in my mind aside from the age of the intended audience). I'm interested in experimenting with more hybrid forms of storytelling as well as traditional illustrated chapter books.
This year has been devoted to work on four picture books which is pure bliss. In addition to three wonderful stories written by others, I'm finishing my own picture book which is called PIGNIC. It's about... well, pigs on a picnic. It's for very young children which is a wonderful challenge. The theme of the book is that despite setbacks, everything will be okay. That's not far from the theme of SNOW WHITE, now that I think about it. | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line22 | 17,637,264,448,614,136,000 | {
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WorldCat Discovery helps people easily find and get resources available at your library and in libraries worldwide through a single search of WorldCat and familiar, authoritative e-content collections. It also connects users to your collections via popular websites where people typically start their research. | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line25 | 7,278,109,729,064,175,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.55491 | 0.44509 | Konstantinos Papachristou
The Darkness of a Fairy Tale
"We are living in a world where we are constantly bombarded by advertisements..."
"We have lost the true meaning of life..."
The Darkness of a Fairy Tale is the debut album of saxophone player and composer Konstantinos Papachristou, and describes the journey of a man that receives his wake-up call and begins an esoteric quest in an effort to find the true meaning of life. Konstantinos composed a contemporary jazz concept-album, with an often dark, programmatic intention, that allures the listener to dive deep into his senses. The arrangement retains an unrefined classic jazz sound, and the instrumentation includes a double bass, piano and drums that blend perfectly with the composer's fat sounding, tenor saxophone and strong influence of the ECM Jazz label.
Been a very creative person, Konstantinos loves music as well as High-End Audio, and he has been involved in various music projects, and has also designed High-End Audio Equipment for consumer and professional use. He supervised the whole production process of the album, and imprinted his personal standpoint in the sound of the album. Darkness of a Fairy Tale retains a live feel with the calmness and focus of a studio album, making it the best of both worlds. Darkness of a Fairy Tale is released in an aesthetic digipak audio-CD featuring cover art from the stunning original painting "Jours et Nuits No4" (acryl on canvas, 1996, Vangelis Papachristos) and also on every popular digital music store world wide.
You can like Konstantinos' facebook page here:
Τελευταίες κυκλοφορίες
Kaisarias str 101, 18450 Nikaia, Greece | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line26 | 6,023,088,427,569,694,000 | {
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__label__wiki | 0.953954 | 0.953954 | GB To Play 2020 Tournament in Lausanne
May 28, 2019 IIHF Press Release 0
Following organizational meetings in Bratislava, the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) has announced the groups for the 2020 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship that will take place from 8 to 24 May in Zurich and Lausanne, Switzerland.
IIHF World Rankings - GB Men up to 20th.
May 27, 2019 IHUK Press Release 0
Great Britain have moved up two places to 20th in the IIHF world rankings following the conclusion of the World Championship in Slovakia
GB teams learn venues for 2020 World Championships
Great Britain's ice hockey teams now know the venue and dates for next year's World Championship tournaments.
Motorpoint Arena Nottingham to host Olympic qualifying tournament
Ice Hockey UK and the Motorpoint Arena Nottingham are honoured to announce that the venue will host a stage of the qualifiers for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing.
From IIHF.com: The History Makers
Two years ago, Great Britain was lining up against the likes of Croatia and the Netherlands in Division IB. Yesterday, the Brits secured their place at the 2020 World Championship in Switzerland after a thrilling fightback to defeat France in overtime after trailing 0-3 midway through the second period.
Davies: The best moment in my career
Forward Ben Davies says scoring the winning goal to keep Great Britain in the top flight of the World Championship was the "best moment in my career".
Great Britain 4-3 France (OVERTIME)
Great Britain secured their top-flight World Championship status with a stunning 4-3 overtime victory over France in their final game at the World Championship.
Presentation for Phillips' 50th game as captain
Forward Jonathan Phillips was presented with a special memento to mark his 50th game as Great Britain captain ahead of this afternoon's game with France in the World Championship.
From NY Times: Britannia Rules the ... Rink?
May 20, 2019 International Press Release 0
British sports enthusiasts may be anxiously awaiting the all-English Champions League and Europa League finals, but another team from Britain is trying to score goals in an even more surprising setting.
Great Britain 1-7 Slovakia
Great Britain were beaten 7-1 by hosts Slovakia in their sixth game at the World Championship in Kosice.
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__label__cc | 0.536487 | 0.463513 | BUCHAREST - By passing a decree that may let corrupt politicians free, the Romanian government also set the clock ticking...
How Australia built a wall (and purchased it)
Bankers face backlash from Spain's boom years
MADRID - At a January morning outside a government building in central Madrid, several campaigners from the Platform for Mortgage Victims (PAH) gathers handy a document...
German MEP Manfred Weber?really wants to forge an alliance inside the European Parliament to stifle the influence within the Euroskeptics - and he's prepared to mend...
In the initial 11 era of Donald Trump's presidency, U.S. diplomats are expected to interact to crisis after crisis triggered from the White House - all...
LONDON - It took a battle during the courts for MPs to acquire their say on Brexit. When it finally came, it hardly mattered. The U.K....
Brexit bill's obstacle course through UK parliament
LONDON - She said she'd do it right after March and despite a few bumps along the way, Theresa May is motivated to satisfy her self-imposed...
French Socialist Party implosion, the first day
PARIS - A state implosion of France's Socialist Party started Tuesday morning. Less than two days after its sympathizers voted while in the party's primary to...
President Donald Trump's executive order banning people from seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S.?was developed to safeguard Americans from terrorism. Instead, it is likely to... | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line28 | 10,386,462,142,154,707,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.732634 | 0.267366 | September 25, 2017 April 12, 2019 by Bobby Rettew
Henry Joseph Rettew and his name sake! #twinslife
His name is Joe Bridwell. He is my mom's dad, who past away in March 2011. I called him Pop. I am the oldest grandchild on my mom's side with my mom being the oldest living child of my grandfather's. As I was thinking about Pop and Henry, I remembered what I said during his memorial service. I had to take the funeral home's audio CD and have it transcribed so I could pull the exact words from that day. What I found is what I said straight from the heart and matches all the reason Henry Joseph Rettew was named partly for my Pop. I took those words and edited some to bring context to path down memory lane.
Pop was an amazing businessperson and he also was a good businessperson with his family. I think back to the years we were growing up as kids over in Regency Park. All the different pine straw forts that we used to build.
He knew that if he and Nana put together a great Thanksgiving dinner, the whole family would come over, have Thanksgiving lunch and then he put everyone to work in the afternoon to rake up all the pine straws.
Pop, to me, was many things. Pop was a jokester. He liked a funny card. He liked it off color. And he liked to tell jokes. He also was a sportsman. He never told me if he liked Clemson or South Carolina, but he always rooted for both of them because the house was divided with many Gamecocks and many Clemson fans.
Pop was a family man. And because of that, as a grandchild I always felt like a son. I never felt like that I was a, quote unquote, "grandchild", and I think, and I can't speak for all the grandchildren and my cousins, but I think that each of us kind of felt like a child to him. Because, in his own special way he always wanted to mentor us. Whether if he was letting us know that we were making a mistake, or if he was listening to us and trying to build us back up; we were still sons and daughters to him regardless if we were grandchildren.
When I think of Pop I think of a few things. There's three topics: entrepreneurship, family, and legacy.
I've been in the middle of this big entrepreneurship debate with a lot of my friends and colleagues, I have been trying to figure out if whether entrepreneurship is a learned skill, or is it genetic. When I think about entrepreneurship, I think about Pop. I wonder when he was a young son to Granny (his mother my great-grandmother), did he wake up one day and say, "You know what? I'm going to be an entrepreneur". I don't know. Really, I don't know what led him to be an entrepreneur. When you think of him leading a long career in real estate here in Anderson, SC, it was preceded by his big career as a pharmaceuticals rep. And when he retired from pharmaceutical sales and wanted to tackle the real estate world, he knew what it would take! That is the measure of an entrepreneur; that's an innovator who is willing to see that there's an opportunity and a market need, and then willing to go tackle it.
So Pop had a tremendous drive an as entrepreneur. And I wrote this about Pop about a few yeas ago, when I was sitting down reflecting, "Entrepreneur's success is dependent upon the people around us and their support. Now we will have plenty of people around us that find it in their best interests for us to fail. But the ones who really love us and support us; they listen to our successes, they listen to our failures, they encourage us to just go out and swing that bat again, because we all like to go out and swing that bat. Pop knew how to swing that bat. He did. He got up to bat every time, every day...he was swinging. He was an early man. Early riser. And he got up and swung that bat every morning."
Pop loved gadgets. I don't know if you knew, but Pop probably had the first cell phone in Anderson, South Carolina. I remember him pulling in to the drive way in his first Mercedes. It was a tan 240D Mercedes, it only went five miles an hour, at least that is what it felt like, but it was spotless all the time. He had a phone in the center console, it was big and it had a rotary dial. We thought it was the coolest thing, I was only 10 years old riding down the road and he was dialing on a rotary dial telephone from his car. It had a big antenna on the back, and it looked like a big truck antenna. But he knew, it was a market differentiator because he would get on the his rotary dial phone, driving down the road, and organize his real estate deals.
Over the years, he always had the latest mobile phone. When a new one would come out, he had to have it. He would even have three; sometimes...he would play with it and he'd get mad at it and go get another one. And that's how he was. He always had to have the latest gadgets. And I can identify with him because I fill my briefcase and pockets with the latest iPhones and iPads. We were always wondering what was Pop's latest gadget, so we could play with it and figure out if we wanted to get it.
Pop's gadgets got him in trouble. I think of three examples. One is a trip to Vegas. Few people know about the Vegas trip, but Pop and Nana, along with a a few friends took off to Vegas. When they arrived he got a phone call. There was a deal. So he answered the phone, his cell phone, got on a plane, left his wife, and his friends, to fly back to manage the deal. Yes, Pop's gadgets got him in trouble. I don't know what happened when Nana got a hold of him, but I'm sure If that was me I'd probably would have been sleeping in the office for a few weeks.
Pop had triple bypass surgery when I was a young boy. When Pop woke up the first thing he grabbed was his cell phone. Now I don't know how he got his cell phone into the middle of the ICU, but he coaxed someone to give him the cell phone. And as soon as he woke up he turned that joker on, and he sent the nurses into a frenzy because all the monitors were going crazy. At that time, the cell signals were a little bit different. And they were on the same wavelength as most of the technology inside the room. So, it got him in trouble...Nana had to take it away.
Pop ... also it got him in trouble with his driving. He would be driving down the road with his knee holding the steering wheel, he'd have the newspaper in one hand, and the cell phone in the other. And that, you know, led to many rear endings. So, it got him in trouble on the road.
Pop and I share that love for gadgets. I remember when I purchased my first iPad. I was one of the first people to pre-order the first iPad released, and I couldn't wait. I was checking FedEx all the time online to see when it was going to show up. And when I got it, I opened it up, and the first thing I wanted to do was go take it to Pop and let him play with it. Pop had this affinity for technology, I think innovators and entrepreneurs have that affinity for technology. We always want to be on the cutting edge, allowing us to do what we do best.
Pop also believed in the customer. The customer was always number one, he always took care of his customers. He listened to them, he made sure that everything was taken care of for his customers. I wrote this about him a few years ago, after I'd sat down and chatted with him, "My grandfather believed in the customer. He was not a serial entrepreneur. He was a real estate man. He did not spend all of his time focusing on the properties, he spent his time getting to know his customers. He listened and responded, he put the customer first. In his time away from the customer, he spent walking through tons of properties, memorizing each one".
Pop had a photographic memory. It was amazing. It was amazing, when I would ride with him, he could ride through a neighborhood and he could look at a property, and he could tell you exactly the makeup of each house. And he would tell you the details about that house. He would look at a house and say, "You know, that was a three bedroom, four bath, it was renovated two years ago, but before it was renovated" ... And he would just list the intricacies of the house as if, in his mind, he was walking through it with a customer. And it was amazing, his ability to visualize his passion.
When I was in graduate school, I took one summer off. And the main reason I took it off is because my Pop decided that he wanted to, once again, help a customer and climb up on the side of a Ford Explorer while riding through a piece of property, on the side of it! He fell off of while they're driving through the field. And of course he hurt his hip and broke his arm. But he had to work. He had to do it. So, it was Bobby driving Mr. Daisy. Now I don't know if you all know but Pop always had to have the biggest BMW Mercedes out there, because he liked to pile all the people in, but for some reason he decided to try out the new BMW 7 Series and it was like having a living room in the back seat. So I drove him around for about eight weeks. Just me and my Pop, and I learned more that summer about being an entrepreneur than you can imagine.
But there are a few funny things that came out of that summer. The first is, I call it The Godfather Story. We pulled into a house out on the lake. Pop's sitting in the back, and he looked at me and said, "Bobby, when we pull in I want you to go check out the backyard". I said, "Well, yes sir". So we pulled in, and as I'm walking through the backyard scanning around, trying to memorize everything to relay it back to him, I look up; and the person that was going to sell the house and sign the listing walked up, sat in the backseat with Pop. He was smoking a cigarette and Pop was sitting there just working on his contract. And I kind of looked back up, and I felt like I was kind of the watch person for the Godfather. Watching out, wondering if anybody else in going to show up; and in this long, big old BMW, there is a deal going down in the backseat.
Pop loved chicken salad, you could see his mouth watering when I even mentioned it. So Pop looked at me one day and said, "Bobby, let's go get some chicken salad". So I drove him up to his favorite place, Jake's on Highway 81. So we drive up Jake's, pull around, and we order two chicken salad sandwiches, two Cokes, and I ordered a thing of fries, he wanted to have a few. He never ordered fries.
So, we pull up, and I said, "Pop, you got some money?"
He said, "No, did you pick it up?"
"No". "Well, I thought Nana gave you your allowance?"
"No". "Well, how are we going to pay for this?"
So I pull up and I say, "Ma'am can you hold on just one second. We got to pull the money together". And she stuck her head out the window and looked at this long BMW, she looked at me driving Pop, him sitting in the back. I bet she was thinking why are these two men digging around in the floors for money in this big ole, spotless 7 Series BMW for money. I paid with it through pennies and quarters that were laying in the ground. It had been a few weeks since the inside had not been vacuumed. We must have found $10 in quarters laying around in the floorboard.
My Pop loved his work. He loved his family. He was always working a deal, showing a house, meeting someone new. As kids, it was hard to understand his commitment to his work, but now I do. I'm an entrepreneur, business owner, a gatherer. My aunt Mary Jo said it best one night while Pop was in the hospital. I was worried I was going to have to go on the road when Pop was declining fast. She said that Pop would understand because each dollar I made is not like everyone else's dollar. It pays the mortgage. And if we had enough it goes into savings when times are slow.
He raised four hardworking children. You will not find a lazy Bridwell. My last name may be Rettew, but I am also a Bridwell. We are leaders. We do not lead to get noticed. We are problem solvers. My final time sitting and listening to him, his body was old and tired, but his mind was keen and sharp. He believed in people. He believed in good business. He believed in his family. He always wanted to know what deals I've signed, what new person I'd met, what new places I'd seen with my eyes. He was always thinking business. It was hard for me to look at him in his casket. See, Pop was not a quitter. He did not give up on anything.
We can say that Pop is in a better place. We can say that Pop is selling real estate again in the neighborhoods of heaven. or whatever metaphor you choose to use. It is my thought that I would rather carry the legacy of Pop, from the teachings, and the life journeys of times we had together. My Pop still is not a quitter. Even though he is no longer here, his legacy lives on. You see, entrepreneurs are always thinking three steps ahead. That's what we call innovation.
Legacy. What legacy do you want to leave? I could write on and on about my Pop, his legacy, the way he viewed his life was so unique. I wanted so many times to extract as much information out of his brain before he left us. I wish it was a hard drive and I could plug a thumb drive in and save as much information as it could hold.
My Pop left us a legacy. He was the only son to my Granny. When he passed away, he had four great children, eght grandchildren, four of which are married, one great grandchild and two more on the way. That was his lasting legacy. After the visitation we all huddled up at Pop and Nana's house, eating food, watching basketball. It's almost like we were kids again. It really was. We were not dwelling on the sadness, but enjoying the fellowship. We were sharing living that legacy. We have a tremendous burden. I am not a Bridwell by name, but I'm a Bridwell by blood.
What he did not realize is one day I would name a son in his honor. Henry Joesph Rettew, and you can already tell he is a people person, and extrovert, and person that wants to be in the middle of it all. As an infant, he likes to be held and wants to be in the room with everyone else. As a twin, he likes to sleep next to his brother so he can snuggle up and feel the human touch. Pop was a people person. He was an extrovert and I think we appropriately Henry Joseph Rettew, in honor of my Pop, Joe Bridwell.
I will leave you with this, as John Maxwell, author on numerous book on leadership said, "There are two types of people in life, those who make things happen and those who wonder what happened". Legacies aren't just wishful thinking. They're the result of determined doing. The legacy you leave is the life you lead. You must never know whose life you might touch. You can make a difference. Legacies aren't just wishful thinking, they're just determined doing. A legacy comes from the idea that everyone, regardless of rank or position, can make a difference. Legacies encompass the past, present, and future. Legacies force us to consider where we have been, where we are now, and where we are going.
A quest to leave a lasting legacy is a journey from success to significance. How do you want to be remembered? By living each day as if it matters, we offer up our own unique legacy. We make the world we inhabit a better place than we found it. We can choose to lead every day. We choose aspirations of long term significance over short term measures of success. It takes courage to lead. It takes courage to make life. Courage, like leadership, is a choice. My Pop was a leader. He led a lasting legacy of Bridwells. And these Bridwells will lead beyond living the life that Pop led every day. We are forever indebted to his legacy. It is my hope that we live on with that burden. To share that legacy with our children.
Post tags#TwinsLIfeHenry Joseph Rettewtwinstwinslife
Remembering Hunting Island - Palmetto Paradise
Too close to home...just slowly getting too close. #nomore
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__label__cc | 0.54775 | 0.45225 | Home Biz Longtime Delray Beach Architecture Firm Gets New Look, New Location
Longtime Delray Beach Architecture Firm Gets New Look, New Location
bocanews
By Paula Detwiller Special to the Pineapple
Here's a quiz: which local architectural firm designed the historic restoration of Old School Square, the Sundy House, and the Delray Beach Train Depot (next to Bru's Room)? Would you believe it's the same firm that designed Boca's Mizner Park Amphitheatre, the Boynton Beach Intracoastal bridge, Delray Beach's Fire Rescue Headquarters and, more recently, the new Boston's on the Beach, 50 Ocean and the Sandbar? These iconic local projects - and hundreds more - are the work of Currie Sowards Aguila Architects, now celebrating its 44th year in downtown Delray Beach. To mark the occasion, the firm has unveiled a new logo and moved into a modern storefront location at 185 NE 4th Avenue (next to Pineapple Grove Cleaners). For the last 17 years, the office was in a restored historic cottage on NE 1st Avenue. "We really needed more space," said founding principal Bob Currie. "This new location gives us better visibility and room for growth as we dive into the large projects on our drawing boards." Currie and his partners, Jess Sowards and José Aguila, also decided to rebrand the firm after using the same logo for about four decades. "We're an established practice that has been at the forefront of industry trends and customer service over the years, so it was time to freshen up our look," said Sowards. With the economy on the rebound, Currie Sowards Aguila Architects is positioned to take on multiple large projects for public and private sector clients. In recent years they have held their own as other South Florida architecture firms have been forced to downsize or close completely. The firm's current clients include the cities of Delray Beach and Pompano Beach; the Delray Beach and West Palm Beach Community Redevelopment Agencies; Palm Beach State College; Frenchman's Creek Beach and Country Club in Jupiter; and many private developers and investors.
"The tide is beginning to turn," said Aguila. "We're seeing governments and private investors spending money again on good architectural design and responsible project management." "We played a major role in downtown Delray's renaissance in the late '80s and early '90s," Currie said. "We are now being asked to renovate or update some of the same buildings we designed back then. We're also getting calls to resume work on projects that were shelved when the recession hit."
Currie founded the practice in 1969 after receiving a Masters in Architecture from Harvard University and a Bachelor of Architecture from the University of Minnesota. Sowards joined the firm in 1987 after graduating from the University of Kentucky with a Bachelor's of Architecture. He became a partner in 1998. Aguila, meanwhile, was one of Currie's first employees, starting as a draftsman and working his way through architecture school. He left the firm in 1993 to become Construction Manager for the City of Delray Beach, overseeing the implementation of more than 50 million dollars' worth of capital improvement projects for the City. He rejoined the firm in 1999 and became a partner in 2001. For more information on Currie Sowards Aguila Architects, visit or find them on Facebook: .
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__label__wiki | 0.812018 | 0.812018 | Taiwan remains primary focus of updated and improved navy
March 24, 2014 by Nick Fielding
Reports that China has begun to build a second aircraft carrier, together with the deployment of Chinese naval ships to the Southern Indian Ocean in search of the missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370, have brought into focus the decision to construct a substantial and credible 'blue water' navy. But once it has been built, where is it going to sail?
At the beginning of this century, the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLA(N)) remained largely a littoral force. Most of its naval platforms were low quality and of limited capability and endurance. However, over the past 15 years the PLA(N) has commissioned an ambitious modernization, resulting in a much more technologically advanced and flexible force.
The transformation and breadth of ambition of the PLA(N) is evident in the increasingly adventurous activities of its ships, which for the past six years, for example, have been an active presence in the Gulf of Aden, where they are involved in counter-piracy operations and in home waters where, besides the ever-present threat of conflict with Taiwan, there is an increased emphasis on the enforcement of maritime claims, protection of economic interests and humanitarian missions.
Whereas once almost all of its ships and submarines were single-mission platforms, poorly equipped to operate beyond the support of land-based defences, the PLA(N) has subsequently acquired larger, multi-mission platforms, capable of (limited) long-distance deployments and offshore operations.
China's first carrier, a former Soviet-era ship that was bought from the Ukraine for $20m in 1998 and refitted as the 60,000-tone Liaoning at government shipyards in Dalian, successfully completed its sea trials at the end of 2013.
The exercises off the coast of Hainan Island -the carrier's new base is actually at Dazhu Shan, 50km southwest of Qingdao - marked not only the first time China had sent a carrier into the South China Sea, but also the first time it had manoeuvred with the kind of strike group of escort ships deployed by US carriers, consisting of two Type 054A frigates and two Type 051C anti-aircraft warfare destroyers.
Despite the fact that China will not have an operational air wing of J-15 aircaft until next year, the news that a new carrier is being constructed fits with China's declared intention to build a total of four carriers over the next decade.
Nor are carriers the only new elements in the PLA Navy; to add to its 79 principal surface combat ships, at least 55 submarines (including three that are nuclear armed), 55 medium and large amphibious ships and around 85 missile-equipped smaller ships, China is continuing to expand, particularly its guided missile frigates equipped with both anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles and its guided missile destroyers.
According to China's 2013 Defence White Paper, it plans to accelerate the modernization of its forces for comprehensive offshore operations... [and] develop blue water capabilities." Currently, approximately 65% of China's destroyers and frigates are modern. By 2020 that figure will rise to an estimated 85%.
As noted in a recent Congressional Research Service report, overall numbers of vessels within the PLA Navy have not actually increased substantially in recent years. Instead, the emphasis has been on upgrading quality: "Changes in platform capability have been more dramatic than changes in platform numbers. In some cases (such as submarines and coastal patrol craft), total numbers of platforms have actually decreased over the past 20 years or so, but aggregate capability has nevertheless increased because a larger number of older and obsolescent platforms have been replaced by a smaller number of much more modern and capable new platforms."
The same report notes that despite better quality equipment, there are still limitations to China's naval power, including "capabilities for sustained operations by larger formations in distant waters, joint operations with other parts of China's military, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), MCM, a dependence on foreign suppliers for some ship components, and a lack of operational experience in combat situations".
So that leads us to the question of why China's navy exists. First and foremost is the need to address the situation with Taiwan, if need be, and second, is the desire to assert or defend territorial claims in the much-disputed South China Sea and the East China Sea.
China's leaders are also keen to make the point that they have the legal right to regulate foreign military activity within its 200-mile maritime exclusive economic zone.
In military parlance, this means China wants its military to be capable of acting as an anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) force, that can deter the US from sending its naval forces close to Taiwan or of reducing their effectiveness. It is unlikely that it is seeking a serious overseas force projection capability, at least in the short term.
The theory behind this is similar to that developed during the Cold War by the Soviet Union in order to deny the US use of the sea or to counter US forces seeking to reinforce NATO forces in any conflict with the Warsaw Pact.
According to testimony given to the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission by Jesse L Karotkin, the Office of Naval Intelligence's senior intelligence officer for China, "The PLA(N) is strengthening its ability to execute a range of regional missions in a "complex electromagnetic environment" as it simultaneously lays a foundation for sustained, blue water operations."
Karotkin adds that China views reunification with Taiwan "as an immutable, long-term goal and hopes to prevent any other actor from intervening in a Taiwan scenario. While Taiwan remains a top-tier priority, the PLA(N) is simultaneously focusing resources on a growing array of potential challenges. China's interests in the East and South China Seas include protecting its vast maritime claims and preserving access to regional resources."
Tags: A2/AD, Liaoning, People's Liberation Army, PLA(N), South China Sea,
If I were Xi Jinping
EXCLUSIVE! China agrees to build new nuclear reactors in Karachi
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__label__wiki | 0.809184 | 0.809184 | Huawei rep. rebukes U.S. ambassador's accusation
Xinhua Published: 2019-02-08 11:45:06
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In one of the strongest public remarks ever, a senior representative of China's tech company Huawei on Thursday night rebutted fear-mongering against the company.
A Huawei logo at one of its stores in Madrid, Spain, February 7, 2019. [Photo: VCG]
In a ballroom in Brussels packed with well over 100 guests, mostly Europeans, Huawei's envoy to the European Union institutions launched into a robust defense of the Chinese technology giant.
"Recently, Huawei has been under constant attack by some countries and politicians. We are shocked, or sometimes feel amused, by those ungrounded and senseless allegations," said Abraham Liu, Huawei's vice president for the European region and chief representative to the EU institutions.
"For example, yesterday, the U.S. ambassador to the European Union, Mr. (Gordon) Sondland, said (that) someone in Beijing (could) remotely run a certain car off the road on 5G network and kill the person that's in it. This is an insult to people's intelligence, let alone the technological experts across the world," Liu said.
"Excluding Huawei from the market doesn't mean the network is safe. For example, since Huawei's equipment is not used in the U.S. networks, is the U.S. having the most secure network? The answer is no," Liu said.
The company has an excellent cyber security record, Liu said, with its devices being approved by strict reviews by multiple regulators and operators.
Huawei's partners in Europe include big-name telecoms operators such as Deutsche Telekom, British Telecom, Vodafone, Orange, Proximus and others.
These partners "have publicly endorsed their trust in Huawei. I applaud these sensible approaches," Liu said.
"Cyber security should remain a technical issue, instead of an ideological issue. Because technical issues can always be resolved through the right solutions, while an ideological issue can not," he said.
Certain western governments and media outlets have consistently cast doubt over Huawei's ownership and governance. Liu made it crystal clear that "Huawei is a 100 percent employee-owned private enterprise," adding that "if we want to pursue our commercial success, we must follow our own business ethics. We have never harmed the interests of any customer or nation."
Huawei has more than 12,000 employees in Europe, over 70 percent of whom are hired locally, Liu said. In 2018, the company procured goods and services worth 6.3 billion U.S. dollars from Europe.
"For Huawei, Europe has become our second home," he said, adding that "our success is Europe's success. Our loss would be Europe's loss."
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__label__wiki | 0.782995 | 0.782995 | Music and Recording Features
Mission Accomplished: Du Pré's Elgar
Art Dudley | Nov 29, 2018
The stars lined up.
According to biographer Charles Reid, the British conductor Sir John Barbirolli "burned with Elgarian zeal," attributable in part to Barbirolli's participation, as a young cellist in the London Symphony Orchestra of 1919, in the premiere performance of Edward Elgar's Cello Concerto. That performance, conducted by the composer and with Felix Salmond as soloist, was a disaster - Elgar's rehearsal time had been cut short by a lack of cooperation from another conductor on the bill, a slight the composer never forgave - yet from then on, the 19-year-old Barbirolli regarded Elgar's music with reverence.
Forty-three years later, another teenaged cellist - Jacqueline du Pré, who only the year before had made her formal debut at London's Wigmore Hall - made her concerto debut playing the Elgar under Malcolm Sargent, another Elgarian. That and subsequent Du Pré performances of the work were well received, but it wasn't until August 1965, when she recorded the concerto with the London Symphony Orchestra under Barbirolli's direction, that Du Pré became forever linked with Elgar's elegiac masterpiece (footnote 1). Perhaps because Barbirolli remained, at heart, a cellist - even when demonstrating points of technique for the violinists under his baton, he would play that instrument by holding it upright in his lap, bowing it like a cello - he was uniquely able to draw the most from the gifted Du Pré.
Their historically great recording was made in a no-less-historically-great recording space: London's Kingsway Hall, built in 1912 as a Methodist Church hall - in essence, a mission. G.B. Shaw and G.K. Chesterton debated there. Elgar recorded his Nursery Suite there in the presence of King George VI and Princess Elizabeth. Churchill spoke there. John Culshaw was remembered there. Kingsway Hall was so perfect-sounding a room that HMV/EMI continued recording music there even after they'd built Abbey Road Studios.
It would be remarkable had the LP that resulted from those 1965 sessions, on which the Cello Concerto was coupled with Elgar's song cycle Sea Pictures, with Dame Janet Baker as soloist (EMI ASD 655), not been an artistic triumph. Fortunately for all concerned, it endures as the Elgar recording against which all others are measured - the record of record - and, in one format or another, has remained in print ever since. In that time it has seldom been difficult to find on LP, whether an original pressing of whatever vintage - my own copy of ASD 655, purchased in London, is probably from the 1980s - or one of at least two different reissues. The trouble is, until recently, I'd never thought that LP's sound quality ranked among EMI's very best: It's held back by a few "hot"-sounding peaks, of a sort that led me to assume that the tape recorder itself had been overdriven.
My point of view has been changed by the most recent reissue of ASD 655, from the Electric Recording Company. I first wrote about this London-based company in my "Listening" Column in the July 2013 issue, in which I described their lovingly restored all-tube mastering chain, their painstakingly reproduced, letterpress-printed sleeves, and their pledge to reissue LPs in editions limited to no more than 300 copies: practices and policies that keep their prices steep. Yet whereas all previous ERC reissues have been of rare LPs, originals of which sell for four and five figures, good UK originals of EMI ASD 655 can be had for $50 or so, and excellent ones for under $200.
ERC's reissue, offered for £300, has dispatched every other reissue and original copy I've heard. Here, the recording's many dynamic peaks are more stirring than ever, yet the sound is consistently clean and listenable. Not only that, but the size of the orchestra, and of Du Pré's Davidov Stradivarius, have each increased a notch, and the sound is considerably more open, while offering no less color and natural texture. And the LP surfaces are astonishingly, perfectly silent.
I called Pete Hutchison, the Electric Recording Company's founder and managing director, to ask what it had been like to work on this record. Hutchison sits in on every mastering session - for the Du Pré-Barbirolli Elgar, ERC engineer Chris Potter was at the controls - and he said that the original master tape was actually in very good shape. "The original recording is good," he said, "and it was worth doing. But I think that record's all about the emotion in the performance, isn't it?"
Pressed for more technical observations, Hutchison described how his company took time off last year to do some work on their fabled Lyrec and Ortofon mastering gear, which engineer Sean Davies had spent nearly three years rebuilding: "Sean's okay, but he's knocking on 80, and that's the trouble with bringing in such expertise - [now] we've had to teach ourselves.
"Since last summer we've made a few little changes that have helped a bit. Also, one of the things you find when you listen to records, everything can sound [otherwise] all right, but things get a little shouty in the louder passages. We've been experimenting a little with amplitude, and now we're bringing things down a dB or two."
When I asked if reissuing a comparatively easy-to-find record marks a change in direction for his company, Hutchison said that ERC's mission remains as it was: "Historically, we've done rarer records, but because the Du Pré is such an important recording, we had to do it. This is not a change in direction - although we might do [something like this] again - but everything on our label is down to personal decisions, personal tastes."
Such motivations are behind the titles Hutchison chose for ERC's next releases, which include The Country Blues of John Lee Hooker (Riverside) and an LP boxed set, with book, of Beethoven's symphonies and other works, by Otto Klemperer and the Philharmonia Orchestra (UK Columbia). The latter will be ERC's first reissue to include bonus tracks: The original, which supplemented the nine symphonies with some of Beethoven's overtures, spanned nine LPs; ERC's edition will contain all of the overtures and bring the count to 13 discs. Hutchison hopes to have the box ready to ship by the end of the year: "I've spent the last four weeks listening to nothing but Beethoven - and loving it."
Footnote 1: This recording was one of John Atkinson's "Records to Die For" in 2013 and one of the late Peter W. Mitchell's in 1991. - Ed.
Price Query
Submitted by Topher on November 29, 2018 - 1:55pm
I'm not sure if the £300 quoted is correct-I've just visited the site and the record is listed at £500.
Anyway, it looks like a lovely record.
Submitted by Art Dudley on December 2, 2018 - 6:22am
Thanks for the heads-up, Chris, and apologies for the error - I have corrected the text.
I would personally buy no vinyl
Submitted by ok on December 1, 2018 - 5:04am
..under 1K at least since I desperately need some record to actually die for.
Submitted by NeilS on November 29, 2018 - 3:59pm
There must be something special to charge £500 (according to their website) for a LP version of a half century old recording, as good as it is, that already exists in much less costly LP and CD versions.
Reminded me of a scene in "Once Upon A Time In Springfield".
"...Homer Simpson: You can't win us back with mere donuts.
Montgomery Burns: Oh, but these donuts were made the old fashioned way. The dough sweetened with Cuban sugar from pre-Batista plantations, and fried in the tallow of three different animals, two of which are now extinct. ..."
Saved hundreds ............
Submitted by Bogolu Haranath on November 29, 2018 - 4:15pm
I saved hundreds by switching to ............
HDTracks
Submitted by Axiom05 on November 29, 2018 - 4:24pm
Just download the 24/96 flac from HDTracks, it sounds great. This is an indispensable recording. Oh, BTW, it costs less than $20!
The price is £500
Submitted by volvic on November 29, 2018 - 7:35pm
Went to the site as soon as I read this hoping economies of scale had set in and that it would be somewhat affordable. I was sadly mistaken. I have recently rediscovered my Barbirolli-Sibelius symphonies and love them even more with each passing play. I do love what these guys are doing but do wish they would produce more so that costs would be more reasonable for us mortals.
"That's not what I meant at all..."
Submitted by Graham Luke on November 30, 2018 - 8:47pm
I read somewhere that when Du Pre heard the playback of the recording, she burst in to tears and declared that 'that's not what I meant at all...' I also have Yo Yo Ma playing the Elgar but find that I do not listn to it that often. That is by no meas a reflection on the Ma recording.
Re: "That's not what I meant at all..."
Submitted by John Atkinson on December 1, 2018 - 2:54pm
Graham Luke wrote:
I read somewhere that when Du Pre heard the playback of the recording, she burst in to tears and declared that 'that's not what I meant at all...'
I hadn't heard that story. In the 1970s, I went to a masterclass where Ms. Du Pre was instructing cello players in the Elgar's first movement. By then she was too ill to play, but when she sang the cello part, it was one of the most moving musical experiences I have had.
Wonderful...
Submitted by Graham Luke on December 7, 2018 - 8:53pm
How marvellous for you, John. Listening to her playing the Elgar always brings a lump to my throat.
Country music anyone? ..............
Submitted by Bogolu Haranath on December 8, 2018 - 7:25am
According to the recent CBS poll the most popular genre of music is the country music for people over the age 65 ....... Wonder how many Stereophile readers and reviewers are country music fans? :-) ............
Second most popular is classical .......... Third is pop music ..... for people over the age 65 :-) ..........
According to Billboard ...........
According to Billboard the top selling genre is R&B/Hip-Hop, with 31% market share ........... The second is Rock, with 23% market share :-) ...........
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Four Outstanding Choral Recordings | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line49 | 4,457,908,320,310,989,000 | {
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__label__cc | 0.511544 | 0.488456 | Dr. Naseer Homoud Conferred CEO Middle East Award 2012
Posted by CSR Middle East on September 24, 2012 at 12:28pm
Recognizing his philanthropic contribution and good corporate practices of his business empire, Dr. Naseer Homoud has been conferred CEO Middle East Award 2012 for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The prestigious award was conferred in a gala ceremony at Jumeiria Emirates Towers, Dubai on Thursday September 19, 2012.
The Award, instituted by reputed ITP Group, recognizes outstanding success, innovation, ethical practices and the vital contribution made by individuals and their companies to the vibrancy of business across Middle Eastern Business.
Jonathon Savill, Editor of CEO Middle East, conducted the event and presented the award. His Excellency Hamad Buamim, Director General of Dubai Chamber of Commerce was the chief guest.
Dr. Homoud has been placed among other top CEOs of the Middle East including Giancarlo de Nadie, who has been conferred Lifetime Achievement Award. Others, who also received recognition for their excellence, are: Iskandar Najjer, Tareq Abdul Raheem Al Hosani, Ala'a Eraiqat, Adel Ali, Noura Al Kaabi, Dr. Saad Al Barrak and Dr. Habib Al Mulla.
While presenting the award to Dr. Homoud, Jonathon Savill apprised the audiences of the CSR works and humanitarian works which he has been doing from his early days in Jordan to helping victims of Tsunami in Japanand earthquake in Haiti. He also focused on Dr. Homoud's passion in helping students and other needy people. He also elucidated as to how Dr. Homoud manages his time from his busy business schedule for the humanitarian works.
Awards and recognition are not new to him: He has been awarded with several prestigious awards. Dr. Homoud was recently ranked at 53rd position among the 500 most powerful Arabs from the globe. The list, better known as the Arabian Business Power List features Arabs living in 37 different countries, and working in every sector from business and media, to sports, science and entertainment.
Dr. Homoud was also placed 16th in Arabian Business Qatar Power List 2012. His standing in the construction and real estate sector has also been recognised. He was placed at 84th position of 100 Most Powerful in Gulf Construction as unveiled by Construction Week's annual Power 100 listing.
Born in Irdib town of northern Jordan, Dr. Homoud was regional director of Intergovernmental Institution for the use of Micro-algae Spirulina Against Malnutrition (IIMSAM).
Dr. Homoud was also conferred with two prestigious awards in Jordan: "Man of the Year Award-2010" in Jordan and "Economic & Social Personality of the Year-2010". He was also awarded with the 'Man of the Year Award for Business and Humanitarian Endeavors' in 2008 in Jordan.
"I do not view it as recognition of my personal accomplishments rather as an affirmation of the work which we are doing for ultimate benefit of mankind; this award is not simply about my work rather it is to be shared with everyone who str ives for an egalitarian society," Dr. Homoud said.
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__label__cc | 0.617389 | 0.382611 | Vol. 28, No.4
More than $1 million goes to grad students
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council has awarded $1,140,224 in research funding to graduate students, many of them master's students at Concordia.
The windfall is part of a new program called Canada Graduate Scholarships. Across Canada, $51 million was awarded to 800 master's students, 600 doctoral students and 135 postdoctoral fellows. Here are just three examples from the 35 awarded to Concordia grad students.
Ngan Trinh is a Communications Studies master's student who is doing a study on teens and transcultural consumption in Vietnam. SSHRC found her project so interesting that she was singled out for mention in the agency's news release as one of the first recipients under the CGS program.
Linda M. Darwish is the fourth year of her doctoral studies in the Department of Religion. Holder of a scholarship from the Quebec agency FQRSC, she has now received a CGS doctoral fellowship of $19,000 for "The Ayatollahs speak: Shi'ite fatwas on Muslim-other relations."
Matthew C. Hayday is doing a a study called "Canada Day celebrations and the construction of national identity, 1958-1985" under the supervision of Professor Ronald Rudin. He got a postdoctoral fellowship of $70,056.
Natalie S. Kallio got a grant of $17,500 to do a study called "(re)framing Concordia." It's about how the media treated the political controversy at the university last year, something she found both frustrating and depressing.
The reference to framing comes from communications theorists, who say we create frames around subjects that shape discourse on those subjects.
In this case, Kallio felt that the frame of "free speech" bent discussion of the actual events out of shape. News reports fell back on Concordia's "history of violence," linking three unrelated incidents over 34 years, and used incendiary phrases like "campus in conflict."
She tried her idea out at the Learneds in Halifax last spring, and got so much encouragement from the other social scientists around her that she wrote her SSHRC application as soon as she got back to Montreal.
"I'm not taking a side," said the second-year master's student, who did an Honours English degree at the University of Saskatchewan before coming here last year. "And I'm wondering what frame I'm going to be slotted into."
To see the full list of Concordia recipients, check out the SSHRC Web site at , and look for pages 83 to 85 of the results.
Front page and table of contents
Next story: Peter Such returns to Montreal as visiting scholar
Previous story: Concordia project wins Forces avenir award
CTR online
CTR Archives
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__label__cc | 0.50389 | 0.49611 | Select Materials to View in Reading Room
Access & Use Restrictions
Contents for this Finding Aid
Biography/History
Collection Inventory
Addresses, Articles, Papers and Publications
University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida
Accession from Eileen Becknell
View Finding AidFind Related Items
Dorothy M. Smith papers
This is a finding aid. It is a description of archival material held at the University of Pennsylvania. Unless otherwise noted, the materials described below are physically available in our reading room, and not digitally available through the web.
University of Pennsylvania: Barbara Bates Center for the Study of The History of Nursing
Smith, Dorothy M., 1913-1997
Dorothy M. Smith, R.N., M. Ed., dean and dean emeritus of the College of Nursing at the University of Florida, 1956-1973, was an internationally known nurse leader, educator and clinician. These papers span Smith's professional life and documents her educational and academic experiences as well as awards and recognition received as a nursing leader. The collection is comprised of addresses, articles, and files which reflect her association with the University of Florida; personal correspondence; and photographs.
Dorothy M. Smith papers, Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The History of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania
Finding Aid's Permanent URL:
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Dorothy M. Smith, R.N., M. Ed., dean and dean emerita of the College of Nursing at the University of Florida, 1956-1973, was an internationally known nurse leader, educator and clinician.
Smith was born in Bangor, Maine in 1913. She graduated from Quincy City Hospital, School of Nursing in Massachusetts (1936), received her Bachelor's degree from Teachers College at Columbia University (1941), and a Masters' Degree from Harvard University (1947). After graduation from Quincy City Hospital, School of Nursing, she was employed as a staff nurse (1936-1937) and later as a head nurse (1937-1939). After receiving her masters' degree she accepted a position as a science instructor at the Margaret Pillsbury Hospital, School of Nursing, Concord, New Hampshire (1941-1942). In 1942, Smith returned to Quincy City Hospital, School of Nursing as a science instructor and assistant educational director (1942-1945) where she later assumed the position of educational director and science instructor. In 1947, she accepted the position of assistant dean in charge of curriculum, Duke University, School of Nursing, and later the position of director of the Division of Nursing education and assistant dean of the Basic Nursing Program. Smith remained at Duke University until 1952. From 1952-1954, Smith served as a consultant with the National League for Nursing, Division of Nursing Education, New York City. She became assistant director of nursing at Hartford Hospital, School of Nursing, a role which included providing consultation to faculty in curriculum and teaching from 1954 to 1956. In 1956, she became dean of the College of Nursing and professor of nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, retiring in 1976.
Smith was the founding dean of the College of Nursing, University of Florida. Along with colleagues in medicine, dentistry, and allied health she participated in the design and implementation at the University of Florida of one of the country's first de novo health science centers integrating education, research and practice across the health professions. A number of important innovations were developed and tested within this interdisciplinary environment that have been widely replicated in the U.S. and internationally. As a nursing leader she influenced the integration of nursing into the mainstream of higher education and practice, and the development of evidence-based nursing practice. Her contribution laid the groundwork for many of the most important advances in nursing education, the development of nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists as an integral component of our nation's health system.
Smith authored numerous papers. She was elected an honorary member of the American Academy of Nursing in 1979, and was named a Living Legend in Nursing by the Academy in 1996. In June 1977 she received the Mary Adelaide Nutting Nursing Award from the National League for Nursing. On August 16, 1997, at the age of 84, she died in Indian Harbour, Florida.
Finding aid prepared by Center staff, updated by Bethany Myers
Series 3 of this collection may be restricted. The accession series letters written by Dorothy Smith are restricted for a period of years. Please contact the Center for more information.
Copyright restrictions may apply. Please contact the Center with requests for copying and for authorization to publish, quote or reproduce the material.
Immediate Source of Acquisition note
Gift of Roberta Piper and Linda Aiken.
Controlled Access Headings
Corporate Name(s)
University of Florida. College of Nursing.
Form/Genre(s)
Faculty papers
Nursing schools--Faculty
Personal Name(s)
Aiken, Linda H.
Piper, Roberta
Series 1. Personal, 1954-1998.
Scope and Contents note
This is a small series which includes a biographical sketch, an award, correspondence, educational course papers, correspondence to family members, and Smith's obituary.
Box Folder
Biographical sketch, 1996.
Living Legend Award, American Academy of Nursing, certificate,acknowledgment, and correspondence, 1996.
Mary Adelaide Nutting Award, National League for Nursing, correspondence and medallion, 1997.
American Nurses Hall of Fame, 1998.
Correspondence, Linda Aiken and Dorothy M. Smith, incoming and outgoing.
1996 (Restricted).
Correspondence, outgoing to Carol Hayes (Christianson).
1965-1967 and 1972.
Miscellaneous Cards, undated.
Educational Course Papers, 1954.
Philosophy of Education for Human Relations.
Culture: Problem of Human Order.
Problem of Human Process.
Obituary- clippings from newspapers and journals, and correspondence to family members, August 1997.
Memorial Tribute to D.M. Smith, September 19, 1997.
Remembrance Ceremony, D.M. Smith, November 9, 1997.
Tribute to D.M. Smith, associates and friends (handwritten), 1997.
Series 2. Addresses, Articles, Papers and Publications.
In this series are the large number of addresses and papers Smith presented on numerous occasions, many articles published in various journals and a preliminary draft for a book publication.
Addresses, 1953-1993.
Clinical Teaching, What It Is. New Jersey State League for Nursing, Asbury Park, N.J., October 27, 1955.
Working With Love Alachua General Hospital, School of Nursing, graduating class, August 31, 1956.
Nurse-Patient Relationships Florida State Nurses Association Annual Convention, Private Duty section, Clearwater, Florida, October 18, 1957.
On Beyond Zebra in Nursing St. Luke's Hospital, Jacksonville, Florida, (capping exercises), February 13, 1959.
Is it Possible to Evaluate Teaching Boston, Massachusetts, 1960s.
Nursing Education- A Challenge North Carolina League for Nursing Annual Meeting, March 18, 1960.
Creative Nursing Medical College of Georgia- School of Nursing, Georgia, June 3, 1961.
Creative Nursing Arizona Conference, Opening Session, October 16, 1961.
Next Steps, November 15, 1961.
Nursing-Association in Growth, Louisiana League for Nursing, Lafayette, Louisiana, March 28, 1963.
Approach to the Organization of a Modern School of Nursing" Misericordia Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 10, 1963.
From Student to Nurse-A Role Transition National League for Nursing Convention, Atlantic City, New Jersey, May 14, 1963.
The Nursing Team - Fact or Fancy Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 21, 1963 and Delta College, Michigan, October 8, 1963.
A Method to Improve Nursing Care Lansing, Michigan, October 9, 1963; Baltimore, Maryland, October 11, 1963; and Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 22, 1963.
Curriculum Patterns in Selected Nursing Programs Vermont, May 1964.
Nursing Convocation, College of Nursing, August 3, 1964.
Remarks at a Council Meeting, October 19, 1964.
Some Thoughts About Nursing Practice Nursing Supervisors, 13th Annual Conference, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, June 15, 1965.
Thoughts About the Utilization and Preparation of Clinical Nursing Specialists Boston College, June 22, 1965.
The Second Ten Years University of Florida, College of Nursing, Alumni Banquet, March 18, 1966.
Leadership and Change Faculty and Nurses, June 6, 1966.
The Organization of Nursing Service Conference, Health Education and Care of the Future, San Francisco Medical Center, June 18, 1966.
Boston Speech, October 14, 1966.
Employer-Employee Relationships Florida Nurses Association, October 20, 1966.
Nursing in an Explosion Area Keynote Address, Kentucky Nurses Association, Lexington, Kentucky, October 26, 1966.
The Clinical Specialist in Nursing Symposium. Columbia University and Presbyterian Hospital, School of Nursing, January 18-19, 1967; Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, undated.
Nursing Reformation Tucson and Phoenix during Arizona Nurse Week, 1968.
The 'Ladder Concept' In Nursing, May 28, 1969.
Alternatives for Nursing Vancouver, B.C., November 13, 1970.
Some Questions Relating to Responsibility and Accountability in Nursing keynote address, Pennsylvania Nurses Association Convention, Philadelphia, October 14, 1974.
Nursing Faculty Practice Conference, Phoenix, Arizona (handwritten), January 24, 1985.
Addresses, No Date or Location.
A Real laboratory Learning (How are students regarded in the clinical area, as students, or as employee?).
From Zero to Infinity (Exploring the "Why's" and "Wherefores" of Clinical Education in Nursing).
Nursing (handwritten).
Nursing Arts.
Nursing-A Nurse and a Patient.
Nursing Care-Quality and Quantity.
Nursing Skills Laboratory.
"Root of Faculty Practice" A.A.C.A, Dallas, December 3-5 (handwritten and clippings from journals, etc.).
The Relationship between Nursing Education and Nursing Service-A Dual or Separate Administration Responsibility.
The Teacher Practitioner Role Kansas City.
The Writing of Objectives as a Nursing Practice Skill.
Thoughts About an Honor Society.
Articles-preliminary draft.
A Discussion of the 'Into, Out of, Overall' Syndrome in Nursing for International Journal of Nursing Studies, August 29, 1967.
Is It Too Late for The Nursing Clinics of North America, June 1971.
Description of "very best" innovation she implemented as dean, March 21, 1989.
Articles, No Dates.
An Experiment in Change D.M. Smith, R.N., and Frank R.L. Egloff, M.D.
A History in Nursing Course-An Experiment in Motivation.
Lets Help Our Students Grow.
Nursing- A Nurse and a Patient.
Nursing Revisited for Nursing Outlook.
Psychosocial Aspects of the Health of Older People from the Standpoint of the Registered Nurse.
The 'Ladder Concept' in Nursing for The New England Journal of Medicine.
The Writing of Objectives as a Nursing Practice Skill for American Journal of Nursing, February 1971.
Books (preliminary drafts).
Chapter 1- A View of Nursing.
Chapter- Nursing As a Practice Discipline.
Chapters and Appendix.
Outline and References.
Correspondence- book format, 1980.
Papers.
Problems and Issues Which Were Apparent, 1956.
Paper and Myself, 1961.
Position Papers.
Nursing Practice and Nursing Education, March 22, 1967.
Hospital Training Program (submitted to Health Center Council), October 6, 1969.
Undated.
Essence of Nursing.
Faculty Members and Students ??? (no title).
From Co-existence toward Collaboration.
Is It Too Late.
Health Care System (for Dr. Willard).
The Experiment at the University of Florida.
The Development of a Clinical Nursing Tool A Guide for History Tool.
What Makes Nursing Effective.
Correspondence - Publishing companies, 1980, 1992-1993.
List of Publications 1948-1964, revised 1964.
American Journal of Nursing (reprints).
Patient-Centered Teaching in Medicine and Surgical Nursing, D.M. Smith, R.N., vol. 50, No. 5, May 1950.
Evaluating Student Progress in Clinical Experience H. Nahm, R.N., and R.E. Hunter, R.N.,Vol. 50, No. 5, May 1950.
Oh No! Not Another Committee! D.M. Smith, R.N., Vol. 50, No. 12, December 1950.
National Accreditation F. Elliot, R.N., and D.M. Smith, R.N., Vol. 55, No. 4, April 1955.
Myth and Method In Nursing Practice D.M. Smith, Vol. 64, No. 2, February 1964.
Nursing Education and Nursing Service D.M. Smith, R.N., Vol. 191, No. 5, February 1965.
Focus, "Nursing Today", An interview with Dorothy M. Smith, University of Florida, Vol. 111, No.6, November-December 1961.
Hospitals, "Training Wheel Tappers" Vol. 22, September 1948.
Hospital Nursing, "Nursing Practice Within a Hospital Nursing Service" D.M. Smith, R.N., 1963.
Image, "Thoughts About Nursing" D.M. Smith, R.N., Vol. 25, No. 2, Summer 1993, and correspondence, 1993.
Nursing Clinics of North America, "Is It Too Late" D.M. Smith, M.ED., Vol. 6, No. 2, June 1971.
Nursing Outlook.
Let's Help our Students Learn and Grow D.M. Smith, R.N., Vol. 5, No. 1, January 1957.
Something New D.M. Smith and F.R.L. Egloff, Vol. 5, No. 2, February 1957.
Practice-A Part of Teaching D.M. Smith, Vol. 7, No. 3, March 1959.
Instruction in History of Nursing" D.M. Smith, Vol. 8, No. 11, November 1960.
A Real Laboratory for Learning D.M. Smith, Vol. 11, No. 4, April 1963.
From Student to Nurse D.M. Smith, Vol. 11, No. 10, October 1963.
The Integration of Nursing Education, Practice, and Research, Vol. 45, No. 5, 1998.
Nursing Education Administration "A Chain of Innovations" D.M. Smith.
State Nurses Association.
Florida Nurses Association District #10, "The Care of the Mind" D.M. Smith, Vol. 1, No. 3, February 1963.
Minnesota Nursing Accent, "A Method to Improve Nursing Care" D.M. Smith, Vol. XXXV, No. 7, December 1963.
The Center, University of Florida, "Another Look at Gaps in Patient Care" 1967.
The Florida Nurse, "From Co-Existence Toward Collaboration" D.M Smith, Vol. 16, No. 2, March-April 1968.
The Kansas Nurse, "Nursing Care-Quality and Quantity", D.M. Smith, Vol. 43, No. 5, October, 1968.
Arizona Nurse, "Nursing Reformation" D.M. Smith, Vol. 21, No. 5, November-December 1968.
The Oklahoma Nurse, "Nursing Reformation" D. Smith, Vol. XLIII, No. 10, December 1968.
Response: Faculty Practice From a 25-Year Perspective D.M. Smith, (no source or date noted).
Response to paper sent out by staff of Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for October 3-5, 1979, Conference, critique.
Dorothy M. Smith's reference files for papers, lectures, and publications, including hand-written notes, 1860-1993.
6 101-108
Series 3. University of Florida, College of Nursing, Gainesville, Florida, 1958-1997.
This series documents Smith's association as dean and dean emeritus with the College of Nursing. The series is divided into the following sub-series: administration, nursing courses, and association with other colleges and universities.
Dean and Dean Emeritus.
Organizational Plan, 1969-1971.
Organization for Development and Improvement of Quality and Teaching Curriculum and Nursing Practice, undated.
Personnel Organization Chart, J. Hillis Miller Health Center, undated.
Duties of an Administrator, October 23, 1964.
Correspondence-Inter department, 1958-1962, 1968-1978.
Hospital Training Programs submitted to Health Center Council, position paper, October 6, 1969.
Academic Freedom and Responsibilities statement of Policy, December 7, 1962.
Nurse Clinician Role in Prenatal Clinic, proposal, undated.
Policy- Nursing students clinical course, in hospital laboratory, outside of laboratory hours, undated.
Position Statement- "Nursing Education Agenda for 21st century" American Association of College of Nursing, 1993.
Relationship Between the Department of Nursing of the Teaching Hospital and the College of Nursing Faculty, 1958.
Address- "Reflections", July 3, 1967.
Faculty Member Minutes.
February and June, 1958; February and September, 1962.
March and June, 1966; April and June, 1967; August, 1970.
Handwritten notes: re: faculty meetings and other nursing activities, 1960s.
Dean and section chairman meeting minutes, 1967, 1970, 1971.
Fundamentals Faculty Group, discussion and decisions, November 1961; September 1965; February 1966.
Medical-Surgical Section, meeting minutes, 1969, 1971; memo, 1971, 1972.
Curriculum Committee, 1970-1971.
Professional Colleagues, 1956-1997.
Dorothy M. Smith Fund, incoming and outgoing, 1994-1997.
General Nursing Section, undated.
Organizational Structure and Philosophy of Nursing Practice and Education in the Teaching Hospital and College of Nursing, June 1963.
Study of Effects of Different Nursing Actions (final report on G6265(A)), undated.
Seminars.
Course Planning and Evaluation, summary, September 25, 1968-December 4, 1968.
Treatment of Patients; Maria McLean, February 23, 1961.
Nursing Courses.
Nursing 200-Science Principles Applied to Nursing Practice, undated.
Nursing 301-Nursing Skills Laboratory Syllabus, Spring 1970; Summer 1973.
Critiques.
Spring 1970, August 3, 1970.
June 1970 by student in course, December 3, 1970.
Position Paper (Eileen Pearlman), undated.
Nursing 321-Nursing Skills Laboratory, position paper on Nursing 321, November 17, 1976.
Nursing 445-Nursing Aspects of Gerontology, evaluation guide for papers, January 1964.
Nursing 461-Senior Clerkship, syllabus, 1972, examination, 1973.
Nursing 692-760, Processes of Aging, announcement, brochure- Fall 1980.
Related to Nursing Courses.
Grant Proposal-outline, undated.
Models for Nursing-handwritten, undated.
Professional Nursing practice, undated.
Service Team Leader, October 29, 1963.
Significance of Project, undated.
Study of a Nursing Problem Using the Scientific Method, undated.
Case Studies-relating to patient care, 1959-1961.
Conditions Governing Access note
This file may be restricted. Please contact the Center for more information.
Reports- Dorothy M. Smith.
These files may be restricted. Please contact the Center for more information.
Patient Interviews, 1959.
Patient Experiences, 1958-1964.
Other- Relating to Nursing.
4th Annual Clinical Practice Model (CPM) National Conference, Snowbird, Utah, (announcement), 1993.
Florence Nightingale: Patient Care; Dorothy M. Smith, A System of Nursing Practice, (announcement), 1986.
Historical and Current Aspects of Clinical Nursing Practice, 5th Annual Alumni Clinical Session, University of Florida, (Agenda), 1970.
History of Nursing, Musical Narrative, D.M. Smith, May 1966.
My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean (word changes, nursing skit), undated.
Nurse-Doctor, student skit, undated.
The Calf Path no author or date.
The Center, "All Around the Center," (student nurses), January 1968.
Dorothy M. Smith Professionalship, proposal, University of Florida College of Nursing, 1997.
Other Colleges and Universities.
An Abstract for Action, School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, agenda, 1970.
Affairs of the Heart S.R. Gortner, M.N.F.A.A.N. The Seventh Helen Nahm Research Lecture, June 5, 1987.
Faculty Clinical Practice, AACN Workshop, Dallas, Texas, correspondence, handwritten, notes and references, December 3-5, 1979.
ICON, Demonstration Projects, Nursing Practice for the Future; Nursing Practice in Transition, Yale-New Haven Hospital, Rachel Rotkovitch, October 6, 1986.
Nurses in Leadership Positions, Continuing Education Programs, Conference, University of Oregon, and University of Washington, May 7-11, 1962.
Memoirs, Boston College, School of Nursing, 1947-1973, 1987.
Group Development- National Training Laboratory, pamphlet, 1957.
Series 4. Photographs, 1940-1995.
Here are snapshots taken when Smith attended Columbia University and with family and friends, also a portrait photo taken in 1979.
Related Archival Materials note
See also: accession 1998.05, Dorothy Smith Tribute (60-minute videocassette produced by University of Florida, 1997).
Dorothy M. Smith.
Sitting on stairway post, Columbia University, 1940s.
Pushing a broom, Columbia University, 1940s.
Dorothy M. Smith and Connie Lundy- on boat to Nantucket, 1940s.
Dorothy M. Smith and Rita Keler, on boat to Nantucket, 1940s.
Dorothy M. Smith and brother Bob, farm in Maine, 1948.
Dorothy M. Smith, Mother, and Bobbie Ann, Duke University, 1940s.
Dorothy M. Smith and brother Bob, Maine, September 1981.
Dorothy M. Smith, Mattie, Lois, Virgie, Edna Jones, Jen, 1990s.
Dorothy M. Smith, Christmas, 1990.
Dorothy M. Smith, chatting with friend, 1990s.
Dorothy M. Smith, Jen Wilson, Lois Knowles, Betty Hillard, Gainesville, January 1995.
Dorothy M. Smith's home-made Christmas cards- ten years display on Florence Burnett's piano, 1990s.
Dorothy M. Smith portrait, May 1979.
American Academy of Nursing Living Legend Award, November 1996.
Box Photo
D.M. Smith and Dean Kathy Lang.
Barbara Donahoe, President AAN and D.M. Smith.
Elizabeth Bear and Molly Dougherty.
D.M. Smith and friend.
B. Donahoe, D.M. Smith and Clifford Jordan.
Friend, Herb Piper, Jerry Pearlman and Dorothy Luther.
Friend and D.M. Smith.
Patricia Chammings and D.M. Smith.
D.M. Smith and Betty Bear.
B. Donahoe and D.M. Smith.
D.M. Smith and friends.
D.M. Smith, Eileen Pearlman, and Dorothy Luther.
D.M. Smith.
Barbara Donahoe and D.M. Smith.
Friend, Eileen Pearlman, Jen Wilson, and two friends.
B. Donahoe, D.M. Smith, and Jenet Heinrich.
Series 5. Artifacts, 1956-1985.
This series is comprised of memorabilia such as a scrapbook, plaques, and awards in recognition of Smith's achievement and contributions to nursing education. Her academic robe and hood is part of this series.
Gold Pin- American Academy of Nursing.
Silver Disc-engraved, University of Florida, College of Nursing, 1956-1973.
Plaques.
Recognition by former students-Ellen and Patty, August 1970.
Recognition for distinguished service- Association for Women Faculty, University of Florida, April 1985.
Paper Weight-Recognition of distinguished service- Ciuium In Moribus Rei Publicae Salus, 1971.
Pen Holder-with small plaque-Dorothy M. Smith, Dean College of Nursing, University of Florida, 1956-1971.
Academic Robe and Hood.
Scrapbook, 193?-1993.
Series 6. Becknell, Eileen R. Accession from Eileen Becknell, 1961-1997.
This series contains materials given to Eileen Becknell by Dorothy M. Smith between the 1960s and 1997.
Letters from Dorothy to Eileen Becknell, 1973-1993. Restricted.
Dorothy Articles.
Dorothy Speeches, 1961-1996.
College of Nursing, Memos from Dean Smith and related others, 1965-1998.
College of Nursing, Memos from others, 1965-1969.
Press about Dean Smith and/or College of Nursing.
Notes for book.
Research project- Dorothy Smith and Howard E. Wooden- Preliminary to Nursing History Manual, 1965.
Scientific methods.
Correspondence regarding the Manual, 1972.
Early materials for Manual.
Nursing History Manual, Second Revision April 6, 1970, Third Revision March 24, 1971.
Weed, Lawerence L. and problem oriented records.
References/Articles from Dorothy.
College of Nursing, Class materials.
College of Nursing, N301 Beginning course (N211 and N321), 1970-1973.
College of Nursing, N461 senior clerkship course, 1968-1971.
University of Florida, College of Nursing, 1969-1972.
College of Nursing, curriculum committee reports, 1970-1971.
University of Florida, College of Nursing, Self-Evaluation report for initial accreditation, August 1960.
University of Florida, College of Nursing- Professionalism, Dec 1967.
NLN Accreditation report, University of Florida, College of Nursing, Jan 1966.
Recording Tapes.
Unless otherwised noted, all recording tapes are 7" reels, 1/4 inch x 1800 feet
Mrs. Adkens (side 1)- Rickwickian Syndrome, MICU- chronic eating of tremendous quanities of food Mr. Bass April 12, 1968 (side 2)- Chronic alcoholic, C' service.
Iris Shockeley (side 1)- W-F Group March 27, 1967, April 11, 1967- repeat Arree Evans (side 2)- T-Th Group April 10, 1967.
Marion McKenna- Inservice Ambalant Weng March 25, 1969.
Mr. Walls (side 1)- 49 y.o. wmm Mr. Katz (side 2)- MICU.
C Service Mrs. Brown- 59 y.o. wf Mr. Muse 16 y.o. cm, October 27, 1969.
Clerkship Class April 2, 1968- Review of Nursing History.
Dub of Nursing tape Miss Smith.
A service (side 1)- Miss Grady 17 y.o. cf Mr. Sposite (side 2)- C service.
Mr. Miller (side 1)- 34 y.o. wm Mr. Riley (side 2).
[Dr. Vaughn Feb 8, 1965- N651] Mrs. Lamb April 25, 1969 Nursing conference with Sam Banks, Bob Statton (med student).
Mrs. Belliscio 72 y.o. ef March 15, 1968 Mr. Casper 45 y.o. wm.
Nursing 111 Jan 27th and Feb 3rd- Luther student presentations.
Side 1- renal failure- attempt to prove that renal patients are not setting good nursing care. Side 2- Mrs. Edwards 40 y.o. ef.
Side 1- Mr. Metl.
Side 1- N511 Side 2- N221 Student presenations.
Mr. Moore (side 1)- Oct 13, 1967 56 y.o. cm Mr. Stillman (side 2)- 47 y.o.
Mrs. Moore.
Luther student presentations April 12th.
Side 2- Mrs. Edwards December 18, 1967.
Reel- 1/4 in x 900 ft N602 class March 7, 1969 301 planning with Marion McKenna.
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Welcome to the pages of the Internet exhibition on women who voluntarily served and fought in foreign military units during the Second World War in the Soviet Union, England, Yugoslavia and in the Middle East.
Our main aim has been to create a documentary record that will be useful for the needs of education and also historical research and other scientific purposes. We believe that history ought to be a public matter and so this documentary has been made as a non-profit venture and is freely accessible. We hope that the exhibition lives up to our aims.
We would be delighted if you decided to use the text presented here for scholarly, journalistic or educational purposes. Please respect authorial and reproduction rights and acknowledge our work in full whenever you use it. And please inform us when you use the text or photographs. We would also ask that in your future use of the material you respect the memory of the women to whom this exhibition is devoted.
We would like to cordially thank our sponsors for financially supporting this project. Our thanks are due above all to the Ministry of Defence of the Czech Republic, CZ LOKO inc., The Ludvík Svoboda Society, and the Grant Fund of the Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno.
Mgr. Alena Vitáková amd Miroslav Klusák
If you are one of the women veterans yourself, or your mother, grandmother or great grandmother served in the army during the Second World War and you have photos or documents at home relating to these themes and are willing to lend them to be digitized, please contact us.
Women in the Units of the Czechoslovak Army in the USSR
Czechoslovak Women in the Ranks of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia
Czechoslovak Women in British Auxiliary Services
Sources and Literature Used
Authorial Team
History of Exhibition
Take a look at more than 650 period photographs, most of them never published before.
Here you can find the names of all the women who joined the Czechoslovak Army during the Second World War. As of today the list contains 1,056 names of women soldiers.
In this section you can read (only in Czech) about the lives of women soldiers and their families.
© 2008 Czechoslovak Women Fighting in Foreign Military Units in World War II, All rights reserved
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__label__cc | 0.675607 | 0.324393 | Win a copy of THE EYE OF THE WORLD: The Graphic Novel, Volume 2
I'm giving away my review copy of Chuck Dixon and Andie Tong's The Eye of the World: The Graphic Novel, Volume 2 to one lucky winner! For more info about this title: Canada, USA, Europe.
The second volume of the magnificent New York Times bestselling graphic novel adaptation of Robert Jordan's The Eye of the World.
With the full cooperation of the Jordan estate, The Eye of the World has been turned into a stunning comic book series. Volume One of The Eye of the World: the Graphic Novel was published by Tor in the Fall of 2011 and was a New York Times bestseller.
In The Eye of the World: the Graphic Novel, Volume Two, scripted by Chuck Dixon and illustrated by Andie Tong, Rand al'Thor, Egwene al'Vere, and their friends flee their home village in the company of Moiraine and her Warder, Lan Mandragoran. Pursued by their enemies, the group seeks sanctuary in Baerlon. Rand's nightmares grow darker. Moiraine takes Egwene under her wing. Lan warns them to trust no one, but should that distrust extend to Lan and Moiraine as well?
The Eye of the World: the Graphic Novel, Volume Two, collects six issues of Robert Jordan's The Wheel of Time: The Eye of the World comic book published by Dynamite Entertainment. This book will feature bonus material that gives readers a behind-the-scenes look at the creation of a graphic novel.
The rules are the same as usual. You need to send an email at reviews@(no-spam)gryphonwood.net with the header "EYE." Remember to remove the "no spam" thingy.
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__label__cc | 0.624566 | 0.375434 | One of the big gaps in modern scientific research is that there are currently no published predictive models that provide a logical mathematical pathway between the activities of the neurons in the brain and human intelligent behaviour. This blog proposes such a pathway as a result of a re-assessment of an early experimental computer language called CODIL which never became commercially successful.
The EEC ICL Story
CODIL (also known as DORIS) - the E.E.C. and I.C.L. Story
Looking towards the Next Generation of Computers
Draft Report[1] of my time working for English Electric Computers and International Computers Limited between1968 and 1970
Prepared for the Leo Computer Society Archives
Chris Reynolds, September 2018
1 Starting Work with English Electric Computers
In August 1967, after only 20 months working with computers with Shell-Mex & BP, Hemel Hempstead[2], I started working with English Electric Computers[3] on an exciting new job. My job title was Sales Consultant, but my job was to do market research into what big commercial customers would be expecting in the next generation of computers, some 5 years down the road. The team of two was headed by George Stern, a salesman who knew the company well, and also had many contacts with current and potential customers[4], while my job was to be looking at the likely changes in software and hardware technology. I started the job never thinking that my proposal for a sale contract language for Shell Mex & B.P. might prove relevant.
But before I started on the job proper I needed to learn about the current systems being markets by the company. The System 4 computer[5] (which had been turned down by Shell Mex & B P as a possible replacement to the Leo 326 computers[6]) was an IBM 360 look-alike system. The course I was on dealt with the various models but also involved programming in System 4 assembly code (identical to the IBM 360 assembly code). Up to this point in time the only computers I had known were the Leo 326 systems and I was interested in the very big differences in the instruction set, the way in which arithmetic was carried out, the use of registers, and the way memory as addressed.
What came next was interesting - because George was about to take his summer holiday. As the work was looking several years ahead there was little of immediate urgency and his idea of getting me into the job was unusual but effective. Each day several reports and other documents would arrive in his in-tray and my instructions were to read them and draft comments or a possible reply. We would then discuss them, and take appropriate action, on his return.
One of these reports was of particularly relevance to what happened later. The software development team sent some outline proposals for what I considered was a rather simple library indexing program. This linked back to the work I had been doing at the Cooper Technical Bureau a couple of years earlier where one of my tasks was manually cataloging a complex variety of research and development documents[7]. I decided that it would be useful to give an example demonstrating the kinds of complexity I had to been dealing with, using the kinds of classification terms I had used. The original note has not survived but a typical entry might have been something like this:
Animal - Cattle; Parasite - Tick; Country - South Africa; Chemical - 23Z61; Test - Cattle dip; Document Ref - SA 63-171
Subconsciously I had taken indexing terms from a manual information retrieval system and written them out in a very similar format to the sales contract rules in my Shell-Mex & B P proposals. I don't think I really spotted this as being significant at the time - but clearly the two applications were very different.
As soon as George returned work begun in earnest. This involved visiting several major computer users (both commercial and university) and discussing the problems they had with existing systems and applications and ask how they would like to see things improving in the future[8]. On the software side I was in touch with the company's own software teams and I became involved with an external group, run by Urwick Diebold, concerned with identifying data base requirements within COBOL[9], In addition I was asked to write a report on the problems of safeguarding data collected via online terminals[10]. On the hardware side I was in touch with the team responsible for computer processor design in order to discover the kind of facilities the next generation of computers might offer[11].
2 An Idea is Born
Within little more than a month I realized that my Shell-Mex and B.P proposal[12] could be generalized to cover a range of complex information processing problems which were hard to predefine precisely, and where a flexible human-computer interface was important. George suggested that I drew up a document outlining my ideas and in October 1967 I submitted the document to John Aris. The covering memo[13] included:
Attached is a draft of a preliminary report on a data processing scheme I have been working on. The basic approach is to design a system oriented towards human-computer communication (in the logic sense.) So far much more work needs to be done, both in filling in the holes and extending the idea further. However the further the idea is extended the simpler it becomes. I feel that this can be explained in that I am trying to emulate human thought by computer, while existing systems attempt to simulate it via a combination of analysis/programmer/computer.
This makes it quite clear that from the beginning I was "trying to emulate human thought by computer"[14] and it is important to put this in context. In the 1960s all kinds of new applications were being computerized for the first time - and this was seen as applied technology rather than research. Very little published research had been done on interfacing ordinary users, rather than programmers, glass teletypes were still not commercially available, and the first big man-computer conference was not held until 1970. In effect there was no-one around to tell me what I was doing was supposed to be "very difficult". As far as I was concerned all I was doing was a different (but very interesting) systems analysis job which could open up a new market for my employer.
The main text of the document included a brief statement of assumptions:
The idea is to design an information processing system for an unknown user with some data and access to an unspecified computer. Such a system should be of completely general application. It is assumed that the user wants to interrogate and amend the data. To allow him to do this efficiently he will want the data arranged in preferred orders (i.e. equivalent to conventional files and records) possibly coupled with some means of cross-referencing (for indexes) and duplication of all or part of the input statements in other parts of the system. It is also assumed that he will want the data in the system to be self-consistent and for this reason detailed facilities for comparing statements must be incorporated.
This idea of designing "an information processing system for an unknown user" with an unknown application seemed natural to me, because I had previously worked in complex manual information systems and took uncertainty for granted. As far as I was concerned users would always understand the complexity of the task they were doing better than I would. There was no point in trying to explicitly predefine a system to meet all the possible fine details of their task. In such circumstances I considered my job was to provide them with a task-independent information tools which they could use.
My note concluded by saying:
The original approach to computers was "how can we use this new equipment?" I was found that they could be used to manipulate data in various ways, but serious problems have been encountered on trying to design very sophisticated systems. In this report the problem has been reversed by returning to first principles and asking the question "what are the features required for a data processing system?" A great deal more work still needs to be done but it appears to be possible to build a system which offers great improvements in terms of flexibility and human-machine communications. This system could be run on existing computers and would show big advantages for many applications. However by modifying the hardware a saleable system would result.
A few days later my notes were forwarded to John Pinkerton[15], and in mid November John Meredith-Smith wrote a memo[16] assessing the idea. He made some comparisons with prototype systems analysis tool called "Spec" (which I had not heard of) and concluded:
Perhaps now is a suitable time to review the whole situation of system analysis languages. I do not believe that a compiler for SPEC would be valuable in its present form. It may well turn out to be ill defined , in terms of Backus, and does not seem to go far enough in specifying the system. However SPEC, DORIS and the standard data processing routines, which we are developing for System 4, do seem to constitute a useful base on which to develop a powerful system analysis tool.
Futhermore such a study could well reflect on the design of hardware. Mr. Reynolds' work on DORIS implies the use of modified list processing techniques and it would suggest that the implementation of such a system would benefit considerably by the existence of an associative memory of some 64 words.
I believe that work of this type on data structures and the derivation of systems should be followed up in the company, Not many of Reynolds' ideas are original, in fact none of them may be, but most of them are new so far as systems analysis in the company is concerned. Where effort can be found in the company I do not know. Mr Reynolds can only work on this part time, I gather less than a ¼ of his time; I do not believe we could provide any more than about a ¼ man. Mr. Gibson is enthusiastic and might provide some effort from Applied Programming; Trianing and S.P.D. development might also be able to give some support.
I did not see this memo at the time and was not aware of how far CODIL was begin backed as a systems designed tool for programmers and systems analysts to enable them to design conventional procedural programmes. Of course CODIL could be used in that way - by building a working model of the application task - but if you have a working model why convert it to a conventional COBOL program as the result be would loose the ability to tell the user what the system was doing. Such a step would mead moving from a transparent system to a black box system - and also loose the flexibility CODIL gives to change when the complexities of the real world application require thing to alter. However, to be fair, my own ideas were still pretty fluid at this early stage.
3 The First Detailed Specification
As a result it was suggested that I drafted a more detailed description of my ideas, and the project was officially given the codename DORIS (Data Oriented Information System). The following short reports were produced for a meeting held at Computer House, Euston, on 1st December, 1967,
1. DORIS. A brief Introduction. This outlined the way the central decision making algorithm worked.
2. DORIS. Data Structure. How information was stored in the system.
3. DORIS, An Introduction to Scientific Data Retrieval. Used as an example chemical data from my Ph.D.
4. DORIS. Problem Solving. Showed how a New Scientist "Tantalizer" puzzle could be coded as an example of heuristic problem solving.
5. DORIS. Sales Accounting. Based on the type of application I had worked on at Shell-Mex & BP.
6. DORIS. The Effect on Hardware.
At the meeting I presented my ideas to Stern, Lowe, Iggulden and Bye (all Marketing, Computer House), Hold (Marketing, Kidsgrove), Ball (Product Planning, Kidsgrove), Meredith Smith (Research, Minerva Road), Trott (Training, Radley House) and Hoare (Elliot Automation). At the end of the meeting the future of the idea was discussed[17]. Mr.Hoare suggested that a simple design exercise be undertake to see whether such a system could be designed in practical terms and also to see what problems would be involved. John Meredith-Smith noted[18] that "Mr. Reynolds is the best man to do this work." He added "I do not see how he could work for Mr Stern who still does not understand the idea."
As a result of this meeting I drafted two further documents, the first outlining how the preliminary investigation should be carried out, and the second relating CODIL to a data base design approach mentioned at the meeting.
· DORIS. Pilot Program Project. Terms of Reference[19].
· DORIS. A Comparison with the Relational Data File[20].
4 Seconded to Minerva Road
As a result of the above meeting[21] it was agreed that I should move to Minerva Road for 1 or 2 months, under the supervision of John Meredith-Smith with a view to answering the following questions
1. What are the basic underlying objectives of the idea?
2. How can these ideas be expressed in the clearest way?
3. Are the ideas applicable and useful in any particular case?
4. What are the prospective benefits in time, cost and convenience of organizing data and program in this special way?
5. (later) What practical proposals can be made for implementing the ideas (perhaps by stages) and what are the likely costs and benefits of each stage?
After about 2 months I returned to Computer House[22], and the final version of may main report - A Description of DORIS. A Data Oriented Information System was issued from Advanced Systems, Marketing Division,under a "Highly Confidential" tag on 2nd April. The abstract reads as follows:
This report examines the problems of data processing and suggests that many of these arise from the limitations of existing programming techniques. To circumvent these difficulties a radically new approach is suggested. DORIS, a Data ORiented Information System, combines a decision making algorithm with a specially designed file structure" By incorporating a file control package and links to a library of standard subroutines it is possible to have a general purpose data processing program which could be permanently resident within the compufer system. As seen by the non-specialist user DORIS makes decisions in a way similar to a human clerk, using a series of easily understood statements to control its its work. The statements are held so as to give flexibility, comprehensibility and economy in file size There is no equivalent in the DORIS system to the conventional application program and a successful implementation of the system might eventually lead to the virtual demise of the commercial programmer. However conventional files and programs can be used within the system if required,
Because of the wide implications of the system it is inappropriate to try and describe all aspects of this subject in a single report. This report describes the basic decision making algorithm and the associated data file. It also describes the far reaching economic implications of the system and, in general terms, the work needed to implement it. A second report describes a number of applications which can be implemented using DORIS" These include scientific data retrieval, invoicing and problem solving. Housekeeping matters concerned with file organization and input/output are also considered" A brief note is included on the way in which DORIS should make large scale Integrated Management Information Systems a realistic proposition.
This report was followed by two further lengthy reports - An Some Examples of the Use of DORIS Outline Specification of the DORIS Pilot Program[23] and[24]. This last report included a section specifically on complex systems[25]:
SOME PROBLEMS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS
When specifying conventional programs the systems analyst has to consider ail possible interactions between variables and hence define the "lowest common multiple" of the system. As the problem increases in size and complexity the difficulty in defining it increases at an even faster rate. As a result the system becomes logic bound and improvements are only made by increasing expenditure on specialist staff and equipment.
The approach when using DORIS is completely the opposite. His [The systems analyst] job is to provide a basic skeleton for the system (a highest common factor) and the flesh is added by the appropriate 'specialist' in the application being tackled. This suggests that for a given degree of systems effort the size of problem that can be tackled using DORIS should be very much bigger than would be the case if conventional coding is used.
This immediately suggests that DORIS should be of great value in systems such as the much talked about Integrated Management Information System. Attempts to design such systems using existing techniques run into many troubles and there is no doubt that many data processing managers in this country believe that the IMIS is a fictional beast. Because of the interest in such situations. It is hoped to produce a full report on the subject later this year.
5 Work on the Pilot Program
As the above mentioned reports started to appear in their final form things were starting to happen at a high level in the company. On 21 March 1968 George Stern wrote[26] to John Pinkerton, Research Director of EEC, about "Patent Cover for DORIS." Interestingly the letter was signed by David Caminer , Marketing Director of EEC, so must have had his approval.
As you know, DORIS, if fully successful, could give a saving to the computing community of the world measurable in hundreds of millions sterling p.a. For this reason we have to give thoughts to protecting the rights of E.E.C. ...
If I remember correctly the figure was a back of an envelope calculation along the following lines.
1. The potential market for large commercial computers in 5 years time (1973) could well be approaching a billion pounds a year.
2. One of the big problems in using such systems using conventional software is that they tend to be inflexible and unfriendly.
3. DORIS is being designed to provide a flexible and human-friendly interface.
4. If it works it is not unreasonable to think it could help the company capture 10 or 20% of the market.
5. The calculation did not explicitly consider the possibility of many online terminals (there were virtually none in 1968 commercial systems) and the fact that a user-friendly language could be very important as a terminal interface.
While the basis of the calculation was quite crude, it was not unreasonable, and with the benefit of hindsight might be considered quite conservative. After all if the work had not been dropped by ICL, the early 1980 personal computers might have ended up with a user-friendly CODIL-like operating system, rather than MS-DOS.
I don't know when the decision was actually taken (presumably at Board level) to make DORIS a properly supported project with a budget of, I think, £50,000, but on 3rd May 1968 John Aris, Manager, Applied Systems, circulated senior managers within E.E.C. telling them about DORIS[27], and pointing out that it should not be discussed outside the company. He described it as follows:
DORIS, a 'Data Oriented Information System', is an original and radically new approach to the systems/programming of computers, devised by Dr. C. Reynolds, of this Department. It involves holding a large proportion of the decision-making logic, normally built into user programs, as part of the data files, and analysing it not with a variety of special application programs, but with one general purpose decision making routine. If this proves viable it could result in the virtual demise of the conventional application program in many fields, replacing it by the said general purpose routine and groups of calculation routines. Its data structure, being closer to the ordinary modes of human thought than computer files generally are, could allow the ultimate user far greater freedom to use the computer as an information handler in a familiar way, and without the need for expensive commercial programmers. This would, among other advantages, ease the implementation of management information systems. A further important consequence could be a new approach to CPU design.
In June a meeting[28] was held to discuss DORIS and Caminer was convinced there was something worth following up. In August there was a meeting[29] at Stevenage to discuss possible links between CODIL and the work of J K Iliffe on the Basic Language Machine[30].
Two shorter reports followed later in the year. They were A Comparison between DORIS and Conventional Techniques and The Limitations of Existing Computer Techniques[31]
There was a management change on the 8th September, when the project officially became part of the Research and Advanced Development Organisation. Effectively I moved from Marketing, under George Stern, and reported to John Meredith Smith, who was based at Minerva Road. In addition I gave a presentation to Basil de Ferranti. The programming of the project was well underway and by the end of the year Stage 1 of the implementation had been completed - which involved setting up the file handling software and producing some example files.[32]
For various reasons the name DORIS was considered unsuitable and from the 1st January 1969 the project became CODIL - for COntext Dependent Information Language. Later in the month a report briefly describing the project was issues, and revised versions, with updates, were produce later in the year[33]. To back up the October reissue a demonstration run was prepared simulating an online session[34] in which a series of very different CODIL test applications were demonstrated[35]. This was followed in November 1969 by a computer produced "An Introduction to CODIL"[36] which included small demonstration application relating to Houses for Sale, Railway Timetable, The Forsyte Family Tree, Scientific Data Retrieval and other data retrieval problems, problem solving (a New Scientist Tantalizer), Simple Calculations, Pricing Orders, and Systems Control.
6 The Project within ICL closes down
Initially I was not aware of the danger that the CODIL project was in as a result of the merger to form ICL, possibly because I had remained working in Computer House, Euston, after I had officially become part of the Programming Research group based at Minerva Road. What was happening at the top of the newly formed company was a dispute about the way forward. At the time of the merger English Electric Computers had a full order book and International Computers & Tabulators (ICT) was struggling. The new board decided that the ICT 1900 series of computers should be phased out in favour of the EEC System 4 computer - but reversed their decision, possibly as a result of government pressure, and most of the original EEC board, which had supported CODIL, resigned. While the new director of research was Basil de Ferranti he had been managing director of ICT and, in retrospect, the downgrade of his status was a strong hint that he should take his services elsewhere, and he ceased being a director sometime after I had left ICL.
I was initially reassured that the project would continue in some form, but the danger signs were there to see. One important event was a formal presentation that Basil de Ferranti asked me to give to the other directors on the company board. This was prepared - but the only director to turn up was Basil himself. One director had someone to represent his division and at least some of them had the decency to send their apologies. Clearly this was a very clear thumbs down from the ICL Board and almost certainly was intended as a sign to Basil that "his bright ideas were not wanted." I am sure that this rejection had nothing to do with the merits or demerits of CODIL, but was more to do with company internal politics and the decision to throw everything behind the 2900 series of computers.
In September 1969 Basil wrote to P D. Hall and L. Lightfoot[37] saying:
One of the significant projects which was under way at Minerva Road, and which came to the Research Department originally from the EE Sales side, was based on a new approach to modularizing customer software.
Called CODIL the technique has a number of supporters and would appear to be not only a useful product in certain well defined areas, such as oil product distribution centres, but also to carry an underlying principle which could be applied in many areas, The key figure in the development of CODIL was Dr. Reynolds and the question really is whether or not we wish to retain his service. Clearly if there is merit in CODIL we would wish to but if the company doesn't wish to take it up I think it improbable that he would wish to stay.
I have seen nothing to suggest that anything was done at the time to follow this up but in February 1970 two very short reviews (both on the same side of a single page of A4) assessing CODIL were written - but which I did not see at the time. Both were by people who I had never heard of and who had not contacted me for further information (I would have only been an internal phone call away). I have no idea what CODIL documentation had been passed to them, but it is obvious they had not seen the report "A Comparison between DORIS and Conventional Techniques". Neither of them seemed to have understood that CODIL was set up as a research project and not a "nearly ready for the market" package..
The first report[38] , by G. C. Sibthorpe, starts "Although I am not very familiar with CODIL ..." and then inappropriately compares it with a system specification language called SPECOL, because he failed to realize that CODIL was aimed at users, rather than systems analysts and programmers. The second review[39], by A. F. Besley, also compares it with what I assume was a systems development aid - and again failed to recognize the nature of the users for which it was designed, or to understand the complex problems it had been designed to tackle. However he recommended publication as "The CODIL project has achieved some practical results and I am sure we would loose nothing by airing these in an article." As far as I can see these two superficial reviews were the final nail in CODIL's coffin, as far as continuing the research at ICL.
Up till about this time my position was difficult, especially as the research group at Minerva Road had been disbanded and staff (including my programmers) were leaving the company or moving to other duties. Basil de Feranti had said he wanted the research to continue, and John Pinkerton (now no longer a director) clearly considered it would be a great shame if the reseach was abandoned. If a new home could be found within ICL I would have been very happy.
While I realized the research was interesting, I had only worked with very large commercial computer systems and was not really able to assess the importance of the project on a wider industry basis, or its relevance to academic studies relating to the theories underlying computer science. In addition details of the project was supposed to be confidential, at least until the patent had been finalized, and if I tried to move the research elsewhere there could be real difficulties as to who owned the rights. These factors made it difficult for me to just up sticks and continue the research elsewhere. The fact that publication would be possible clearly eased the situation
When John Pinkerton suggests that I write up a paper for publication, and it might be possible to move the project (unfunded) to a university (but not a rival computer manufacturer) I was very interested[40] and happily went along with the publication plan. Work started immediately and it was arranged that I should give a talk to the British Computer Society Advanced Programming Group on 14th May 1970, and the handout I prepared was reprinted in the Computer Bulletin[41].
A more detailed paper[42] was prepared for submission to the Computer Journal, concentrating on CODIL as a programing language and how it was implemented. Detailed discussion about the factors underlying the design of the human interface or references to the original design study at Shell-Mex and BP was ruled out for commercial reasons. The reasons for there being a hardware patent were also played down. Basically the paper was written in a way that did not make claims that could embarrass ICL's decision to close the project down.
Over the last few months at ICL I made sure that I had computer listings of all the relevant programs and test applications, while technically reporting to a manager at Stevenage who, I think, I never actually met. However there was one very significant incident during my last month. I got an invitation to give a talk on CODIL to an internal seminar on research on unusual computer processor research, the other presentation being by J K Iliffe on the Basic[43] Language Computer research at Stevenage. The meeting was in a Ferranti research laboratory at Bracknell on the day before I was due to leave ICL so I agreed to go.
The seminar was very interesting and my talk caused a lot of interest as it was the first time anyone had actually made proposals for modifying a central processor to make it easier for normal human users, as in the past all processors had been designed to make them easier to write procedural language programs. There was also surprise as to how and why the CODIL project had been abandoned why their research division had not been told it was under threat. I was also very interested in hearing about the Basic Language Computer research, as while the approach was very different, some of the hardware solutions could also be relevant to CODIL, and I left the meeting full of ideas about how the CODIL patent could be made very much stronger.
Just over a week later I was free of ICL and presenting a paper on CODIL[44] at the Conference on Man-Computer Interaction at Teddington.
A follow up document is being prepared about the transfer of the project to a University environment
[1] The report (dated 30th September 2018) has been written as a first draft for the Archives of the LEO Computer Society. The source (in addition to memory) are the folders of published reports which I hold, supplemented by correspondence relating to the establishment of the CODIL project in the ICL Archives held in the Science Library, Swindon. If appropriate, information from other bulky correspondence files, working notes, and original program listings can be added, with further links to digitized copies of the original documents.
[2] An account of my activities, The SMBP Story, at Shell-Mex & BP, including details of the work that triggered the ideas behind CODIL, has been prepared for the archives of the LEO Computer Society.
[3] At the time I joined English Electric Computers in 1967 it was a merger of a number of different computer companies, as English Electric Leo Marconi, and in 1968 it merged with International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) to become International Computers Limited (ICL).
[4] George Stern has never understood CODIL (or DORIS as it was first called) but was very important in the early days of the project as I am not particularly good at networking - and if I had a problem he knew exactly who within EEC I should contact. This help ceased once the two companies merged and I officially reported to John Meredith Smith, at Minerva Road, while I was still based in Computer House.
[5] The System 4 computers had the same instruction set as the IBM 360 computer series.
[6] The Leo 326 was the top of the range Leo computer, the Leo I being recognised as the first prupose-built commercial computer.
[7] One of my tasks related to filing and indexing internal company documents relating to possible chemical agents for use in veterinary practice throughout the world. This was potentially very complex as it was not clear how files would develop. Each project started off as a small folder which expanded until it was considered non-commercial (usually very quickly) or could become very larger. In one case where a project went to market world wide I estimated the number of documents would occupy several filing cabinets. I spent some time looking at how this might be handled
[8] What was interesting was how little data processing managers had thought about the future. It was clear that they were all struggling to get the best out of the present batch systems and that was their priority. The stock answers were all bigger and more powerful computers, with better high level languages and operating systems. Some recognised that computer terminals and online operations might become possible but had not thought about it in any detail. The most noticeable exception was Wesley M. Davies, of the Steel Company of Wales, Ltd., who was concerned with interfacing complex real world problems with computers (in their case payroll and complex "who does what" trade union contracts)
[9] I was part of the IMIS subcommittee of the Diebold Research Program and my files showed that I contributed the data dictionary subsection to the Common Data Base Report which was published in the later part of 1969. The work was linked to some of the work of the CODASYL committees in the United States.
[10] Real Time Data Logging and the Security of Information. Systems Techniques Notes No 2, by Dr C Reynolds, English Electric Computers, 9th January 1968.
[11] Some questions on a visit to the Engineering side at Kidsgrove about the System 4 processor hardware made me realise that associative addressing - rather than addressing by numerical position - was possible. This lead to further questions about how the instruction set was implemented.
[12] The SMBP Story
[13] Memo: Reynolds to Aris, Doris (Data Oriented Information System), 19th October 1967
[14] The last thing in my mind when I wrote this would have been brain science, artificial intelligence, or psychology. I was simply being a systems analyst faced with a problem - Humans appear to do things this way, so if you want to build a system that works with people build a system in a way that they will find it easy to interact with.
[15] Memo: Stern to Pinkerton, DORIS, 25th October 1967
[16] Memo: Meredith-Smith to Pinkerton, DORIS, 14th November, 1967
[17][17] Diary Note: By d. Loewe, Notes of a meeting at Computer House on 1st December, 1967, 6th December, 1967
[18] Memo: Meredith to Pinkerton, DORIS, 4th December, 1967
[19] "DORIS. Pilot Program Project. Terms of Reference" 13 December, 1967 - a one page summary outlining how the material in the reports written for the 1st December meeting could be implemented.
[20] "DORIS. A Comparison with the Relational Data File" 12 December, 1967 - This commented on the paper "A Computer System for Inference Execution and Data Retrieval" by R. E Levin and M E Maron, Comm. ACM Volume 10 pp 715-721, November 1967. The note points out "The R.D.F. is used for storing information in retrievable form, and unlike DORIS uses conventional programs to read it." It should be noted that there was no similarity between the R.D.F> and Codd's Relational Data Base.
[21] Memo: Stern to Pinkerton "Terms of Reference for Study of DORIS", 4th January 1968 (misdated 1967)
[22] There is no doubt that I found it very difficult to commute to Minerva Road, and the fact that I did not return there when I was finally transferred full time to Research was because a decision had been made to close down the site.
[23] "An Outline Specification of the DORIS Pilot Program" 22 May, 1968. This contained a specification for a program to test that the ideas underlying CODIL actually worked, and a 4 stage implementation program. By the time the project was finally closed down all stages in the implementation program had been completed satisfactorily.
[24] "Some Examples of the Use of DORIS" 28th June, 1968. The report included examples of scientific information retrieval, commercial data processing and problem solving. It also discussed t he internal management and input/output of data.
[25] It is relevant to note that I was employed by English Electric Computers to do market research on future requirements of very large commercial customers, and this work involved talking to senior management in large existing installations so I was well aware that the problems I had seen at Shell-Mex & BP were not unique.
[26] Memo: Stern to Pinkerton, Patent Cover for DORIS, 21st March, 1967.
[27] Memo: John Aris to long circulation list: DORIS, 3rd May, 1968
[28] Memo: Stern to Pinkerton, DORIS, 14th June, 1968
[29] Memo: Stern to circulation list, Meeting at Stevenage to discuss DORIS, 13th August, 1968
[30] See J K Iliffe, Elements of BLM, The Computer Journal, Volume 12, Issue 3, 251-258, August 1969
[31] DORIS: The Limitations of Existing Computer Techniques: Selected Quotations, ?, 1968. See also How far has computing advanced in the last 50 years?
[32] Progress Report on Work of the Programming Research Group, Acton Laboratories: Report on CODIL. January 1969
[33] CODIL. A Language for Handling Complex Data Processing Problems. Initially issues 30the January 1969, 3rd issue 6th October 1969.
[34] I had no access to computer terminals of any kind, and simulation runs assumed a teletype terminal.
[35] Photocopy of computer listing headed CODIL Job: Simulated Run using Printer and Card Reader, dated 26th September.
[36] Photocopy of computer listing headed An Introduction to CODIL, dated 9th November, 1911
[37] Memo: de Ferranti to Hall & Lightstone, [re CODIL], 8th September, 1969
[38] Short note by Sibthorpe, CODIL, 4th February, 1970
[39] Short note by Besley, CODIL, 6th February, 1970
[40] It is planned to write a follow up memoir dealing with the move to a University.
[41] "CODIL," The Computer Bulletin Volume 14, pp 244-245, July 1970.
[42] Published (with some amendments) as "CODIL: Part 2: The CODIL Language and its Interpreter", Computer Journal Volume 14,pp 327-332, November 1971.
[43] Not to be confused with the programming language BASIC.
[44] "CODIL," Conference on Man-Computer Interactio Teddington, 2-4 September, 1970. In proceedings, "IEE Conference Publication No 68, pp 211-216. 1970
Summary of "An Evolutionary Model of Human Intelligence"
An Evolutionary Model of Human Intelligence By Chris Reynolds Draft Summary (full paper to follow) While there is a vast amount ...
Trapped by the Box
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The Unlikely Origins of my current Evolutionary Research
The origins of my current research were anything but planned. Between 1959 and 1962 I studied for a Ph.D. in theoretical organic chemistr...
A Simple Example of how CODIL works
J M asked " How would these symbiotic - easy to understand computers - look like? how would they work? " The computer hardwa...
Science is about asking the Right Questions
... And then investigating, questioning and debating possible answers This web site asks about the origins of human intelligence and exp...
Does Technology affect the size of our brains?
On the Futurelearn Course Introduction to Psychology I made the distinction between genetic development of the brain (how big it is) a...
Modelling how the Human Brain Works
On the FutureLearn course " Psychology and Mental Health " I am currently following I have just reached a section which star...
Mental Health and the Brain Model
Because of my long term interest in mental health matters I recently decided to do a FutureLearn course on Psychology and Mental Health ...
Why does CODIL differ from other computer languages
This query came up on a FutureLearn Course which read " Christopher, to be honest I don't think the world needs any more compute...
Will robots outsmart us? by the late Stephen Hawkins
There is a interesting article, " Will robots outsmart us? " in today's Sunday Times Magazine . While I don't accept a...
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Reviews of MicroCodil
The SMBP Story | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line80 | 17,750,063,068,341,694,000 | {
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Ivan Obolensky
On January 29, 1886, Karl Benz patented the Motorwagen. It was an automobile fueled entirely by gasoline. Less known is that Bertha Benz, his wife and business partner, also played a significant part. After all, it was Bertha who created one of life's finest diversions: the road trip.
In 1888, Bertha Benz, unbeknownst to her husband, travelled from Mannheim to Pforzheim and back again in his invention. She was accompanied by her two teenage sons, who may, or may not, have had something to do with it. Ostensibly, she wanted to visit her mother, but what she really wanted to do was generate publicity for her husband's recently patented automobile. She was wildly successful. The family business evolved into the Mercedes-Benz of today, illustrating once again that behind many a successful man is an equally successful woman (who can also act as a mechanic when needed).
Benz's invention has had an extraordinary impact, yet its success was not particularly envisioned by the population of the late 19th century.
In the Chicago World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, various leading lights attempted to predict life one hundred years in the future - in 1993. Although they correctly anticipated much more powerful weapons and the proliferation of global communication, none of them anticipated the extraordinary rise of mass transportation that the automobile would eventually bring about. Like most things, the growth of the car began slowly at first before it exploded upward.1
For example, in 1895, there were exactly four passenger vehicles in the United States, but by 1900 that number had increased to 8,000. By 1929, the number of passenger cars had rocketed to 29 million. In 1990, this figure topped 133 million. 2
If the growth of the number of passenger vehicles in the United States were plotted on a graph, it would look like an S, with the top of the S flattening since the year 2000.
This leads to an interesting question: can automobile growth be sustained? Will the number of vehicles collapse, or will it stay flat going forward?
To examine this question, we need to go back some forty years before Karl Benz received his patent.
In 1798, Thomas Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population. In it he stated,
"The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race."
Malthus gave birth to the Malthusian Controversy: the idea that population growth is geometric while resource growth is linear. Visually, a graph of the human population over time looks similar to the graph of the number of cars on American roads through 1929. It starts slowly and grows faster and faster. Imagine available resources as a straight line with a fixed upward slope placed higher up the graph. When the two lines cross, which eventually they must, the result is a cataclysm: the collapse of the human race due to famine.3
So far this has not happened, but the possibility continues to haunt the human psyche as a dark possibility that manifests in various films and stories of a dystopian future where human existence has devolved to a dirty hand-to-mouth scramble, set against a dark landscape of a once-proud civilization that has crumbled into dust. Was Malthus wrong in his concept of growth?
Partly in response to this controversy, a Belgian mathematician by the name of Pierre Verhulst came up with another solution called the logistic equation,* which underlies the logistics growth model. Rather than a collapse of the population, the model calls for eventual slower growth in the form of a plateau.
The model incorporates the exponential rise of a population in its initial phase where resource availability is not a factor. Over time, available resources start to act as a constraint causing a slow-down. The result is a graph that looks like an S.4
Population growth studies, whether of humans, companies, bacteria, or otherwise, seem to invariably follow this S pattern.**
The plateauing of the S curve illustrates the problem confronting all countries, corporations, species and life forms: how is it possible to move beyond the eventual limits of resources as reflected at the top of the S curve?
To illustrate this, imagine you are in an airport and step onto a moving walkway. Now imagine you only notice the walkway is moving in the opposite direction because a poster to your right seems to be keeping pace with your progress in spite of your steady walking. Realizing you are on the wrong walkway, you have a choice. You either stop moving, let the walkway bring you back to the beginning, and get on the one going in your direction, or you increase your speed to make it to the other end. 5
This analogy illustrates many parts of the S curve dilemma. The walkway moves in the opposite direction at a constant speed similar to the straight line constraint of available resources. We can imagine accelerating to a higher speed so we progress faster than the walkway. We can decide to run. But if the walkway is infinitely long, we will make progress until we tire, and once again we are just keeping pace. Welcome to the S curve.
How do we get off this treadmill?
Analyzing this predicament leads to several interesting and useful observations.
If an organization, or an individual, can transform itself internally faster than the environment can change, it is possible to create a new S curve on top of the existing S curve and reach a new higher level of performance.
Even if we succeed in creating a new S curve on top of the existing one, new resource constraints will once again show up to create a new plateau.
Most people and organizations find themselves at a fixed level of performance where they have to run just to stand still. The solution is to create resources that will do the running for them.
Transitioning to a higher plateau is rarely a function of the environment decreasing its pressure, or new resources appearing out of nowhere. We must create them, or at least recognize an opportunity when we encounter it.
Growth as defined by following a new higher S curve is ultimately the result of internal transformation rather than external factors, although sometimes life gives us a pass in the form of additional resources. Winning the lottery might fall under this category, but the chances of winning are slim and unreliable.
Resources are always scarce and the walkway never stops. If we are lucky, it might slow down, but that is all.
We can recognize and utilize new resources to create a new higher S curve, but only if we change how we view the world so we can recognize opportunities as opportunities and new resources as resources when we meet them.
We do have the option to give up, go back to the beginning, and attempt to get on the right walkway, but the laws of the universe militate against ever finding one that constantly provides for us. Resources in the form of free energy are scarce, or soon will be. Regardless, we will once again visit the limits of growth but in a different guise. Such pockets of respite eventually die or dry up.
If we cannot change and internally transform, the environment will intercede, and not necessarily in a way we would like.
Requiring fewer resources, or creating resources that continually provide for us, still requires seizing the opportunity once presented.
Life is a constant process of renewal, observation, awareness, and choices. It can be likened to a treadmill, but none of us would miss it for the world. Life is full of opportunities. We just have to recognize them as such.
Road trip?
*For those mathematically inclined. The Logistic equation (also called the Verhulst model or logistics growth curve) is a differential equation with a solution sometimes known as the sigmoid function, better known as the S curve.6
**The environment can always intercede in the S Curve growth pattern. For instance, one can drop the petri dish and the bacteria is spilled all over the floor. It's either a disaster for the bacteria... or an opportunity.
Tenner, E. (1996) Why Things Bite Back. New York, NY: Vintage Books.
A. (N.D.) Bureau of Transportation Statistics Publications, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Table 1-11: Number of U. S. Aircraft, Vehicles, Vessels, and Other Conveyances. Retrieved February 2, 2016 from .
JOC/EFR (January, 2014) Pierre François Verhulst. Retrieved February 2, 2016 from .
Administrator (July, 2013) Malthusian Controversy. Retrieved February 2, 2016 from .
Obeng, E. (February, 2013) Advice from the Red Queen. Edie Obeng's Blog. Retrieved February 2, 2016 from .
Wolfram Research (2016) Logistic Equation. Retrieved February 2, 2016 from
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© 2016 Ivan Obolensky. All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced without the written permission from the author.
Categories: Articles, Articles (General) Tags: Ivan Obolensky
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SILVIA 02-06-2016
Interesting article as usual.
After reading it all I felt is better to let life flow; sometime we can worry a lot if there will be enough food in the future, if world finances will collapse out of the blue, or similar.
Nature has a balance, always have and I believe always will; as simple example, if the leaves fall off the trees in autumn is for a nature's reason; if there are ants making holes here and there, it does have a nature's reason.
However, if we as humans ignore nature and don't let it be, then, no matter how many Ss we built, we will experience a backfire.
Thank you again Ivan as your articles always make me think and look at things.
Thanks for your optimistic and well-considered thoughts on the future of the human race. Now, everyone join me in that old Doris Day favorite Que Sera, Sera...Whatever will be, will be. The future's not ours to see. Que Sera, Sera... | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line82 | 406,185,024,704,854,900 | {
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__label__cc | 0.676156 | 0.323844 | YOU ARE HERE: intergroup"Solutions through innovation - What role for the bioeconomy in the next MFF?
Solutions through innovation - What role for the bioeconomy in the next MFF?
On Tuesday 22 May 2018, Miapetra Kumpula-Natri MEP, Chair of the "Bioeconomy" Working Group of the European Parliament Intergroup on"Climate Change, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development" hosted the event in the European Parliament on: "Solutions through innovation - What role for the bioeconomy in the next MFF?".
The European Union is at a crossroad. While it needs to define the allocation of its financial resources and overarching priorities beyond 2020, a number of undertakings initiated under the current term will also extend and develop over the next one. The further development and expansion of the circular bioeconomy is one of them, which was the focus on this event where the following key questions were discussed:
How will the next Multi-Annual Financial Framework provide for enough dedicated resources for innovation and the bioeconomy?
To what extent will the next EU framework programme (FP9) allocate the relevant space and means to biomass producers and bio-based industries to further develop innovative solutions to key societal challenges such as climate change and delivery of the UN SDGs?
Can a mission-oriented Research and Innovation policy for the EU embrace and recognise the merits of the circular bioeconomy and make it evolve "from niche to norm"?
Will the EU Bioeconomy Strategy and Action Plan currently under revision capitalize on its successes so far to further boost bio-based solutions for a more sustainable and competitive European economy? | cc/2019-30/en_head_0000.json.gz/line84 | 15,890,301,287,959,683,000 | {
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End of preview. Expand
in Dataset Viewer.
RedPajama -- CommonCrawl-2019-30 (refined by Data-Juicer)
A refined version of CommonCrawl-2019-30 dataset in RedPajama by Data-Juicer. Removing some "bad" samples from the original dataset to make it higher-quality.
This dataset is usually used to pretrain a Large Language Model.
Notice: Here is a small subset for previewing. The whole dataset is available here (About 240GB).
Dataset Information
- Number of samples: 36,557,283 (Keep ~45.08% from the original dataset)
Refining Recipe
# global parameters
project_name: 'Data-Juicer-recipes-cc-2019-30'
dataset_path: '/path/to/your/dataset' # path to your dataset directory or file
export_path: '/path/to/your/dataset.jsonl'
np: 50 # number of subprocess to process your dataset
open_tracer: true
# process schedule
# a list of several process operators with their arguments
process:
- document_simhash_deduplicator:
tokenization: space
window_size: 6
lowercase: true
ignore_pattern: '\p{P}'
num_blocks: 6
hamming_distance: 4
- clean_email_mapper:
- clean_links_mapper:
- fix_unicode_mapper:
- punctuation_normalization_mapper:
- whitespace_normalization_mapper:
- alphanumeric_filter: # 770218
tokenization: false
min_ratio: 0.7489 # 3sigma
max_ratio: 0.8585 # 3sigma
- average_line_length_filter: # for code
max_len: 1500 # < 3sigma (2689) -- 177520
- character_repetition_filter:
rep_len: 10
max_ratio: 0.3 # > 3sigma (0.1491) -- 151703
- flagged_words_filter:
lang: en
tokenization: true
max_ratio: 0.0025 # 3sigma -- 101540
- language_id_score_filter: # remove language filter
min_score: 0.788 # 3sigma -- 1622574
- maximum_line_length_filter: # for code
max_len: 5000 # < 3sigma (8775) -- 485806
- perplexity_filter:
lang: en
max_ppl: 5000 # < 3sigma (6723) -- 676914
- special_characters_filter:
min_ratio: 0.15 # > 3sigma (0.104)
max_ratio: 0.35 # > 3sigma (0.322) -- 859797
- text_length_filter:
max_len: 65589 # 3sigma -- 975142
- words_num_filter:
lang: en
tokenization: true
min_num: 20 # > 3sigma -- 196
max_num: 13030 # 3sigma -- 989078
- word_repetition_filter:
lang: en
tokenization: true
rep_len: 10
max_ratio: 0.279 # 3sigma -- 1716308
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Size of downloaded dataset files:
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