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[ { "left": 508, "top": 761, "width": 17, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "963", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 42, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 55, "width": 253, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023 DOI : https://doi.org/10.55681/nusra.v4i4.1725 Homepage: ejournal.nusantaraglobal.ac.id/index.php/nusra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 433, "top": 42, "width": 87, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 2715-114X e-ISSN: 2723-4649", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 122, "width": 446, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SNOWBALL THROWING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA SISWA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 174, "width": 372, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nina Faoziyah Program Studi D3 Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Muhammadiyah Tegal, Indonesia Corresponding author email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 224, "width": 224, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT Article History", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 237, "top": 245, "width": 288, "height": 216, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to determine the difference in increasing students' mathematics problem-solving abilities that obtain Snowball Throwing learning and those who obtain Direct learning. The method that is used in research is the method of quasi-experiment with the population of the entire student class VII one of the SMP Negeri in the city of Bandung in the teachings of 2012/2013, while the sample has two classes of the population that are selected by the random class. Instruments used in the research is about the ability to solve problems of mathematics type of description. The test is used to identify students mistakes of how to measure of students in completing the issue. To determine the increasing of student’s ability to solve problems mathematically between classroom control and class experiment, it can be done by using the calculation of the gain. The gain test results in increasing the mathematics problem-solving ability of students in the experimental class are 0,55 and the control class is 0,44. The second classes were on the middle criteria. From the research is obtained the conclusion that: the increasing of students ability to solve problems mathematically students who acquire learning by using learning Snowball Throwing is better than students who received teaching direct mathematics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 475, "width": 252, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Snowball Throwing, Problem-Solving, Build Flat Quadrilateral", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 243, "width": 138, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 28 October 2023 Revised : 9 November 2023 Published: 20 November 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 742, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 964", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 68, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LATAR BELAKANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 216, "height": 455, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelajaran matematika merupakan salah satu pelajaran penting di dalam pendidikan. Matematika membekali siswa untuk memiliki kemampuan berpikir logis, analitis, sistematis, kritis serta kemampuan bekerjasama, sehingga perlu diberikan kepada semua siswa untuk setiap jenjang pendidikan dari tingkat dasar sampai perguruan (Tabun et al., 2020). Cockroft (Jayanti et al., 2020) mengatakan bahwa matematika perlu diajarkan kepada siswa karena (1) selalu digunakan dalam setiap segi kehidupan; (2) banyak bidang studi memerlukan keterampilan matematika yang sesuai; (3) sarana komunikasi yang kuat, singkat dan jelas; (4) dapat digunakan untuk menyajikan informasi dalam berbagai cara; (5) meningkatkan kemampuan berfikir logis, keterampilan ketelitian dan kesadaran keruangan; (6) memberikan kepuasan terhadap usaha memecahkan masalah yang menantang. Namun banyak siswa yang kesulitan dalam memecahkan masalah yang tidak rutin, sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya hasil belajar. Seperti yang dikatakan Ruseffendi (Nofiah & Jamaan, 2021) matematika merupakan mata pelajaran yang tidak disenangi anak-anak pada umumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 216, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu kemampuan matematika yang harus dikuasi oleh siswa adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Dalam memahami suatu masalah, membuat sebuah pemodelan matematika, menyelesaikan suatu masalah dan mengartikan solusi, itu merupakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 221, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengembangan dari kemampuan pemecahan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 216, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan ini merupakan kompetensi seseorang dalam memecahkan masalah tidak rutin secara rasional (Zakiyah & Yusritawati, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 96, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemecahan masalah menurut Schoenfeld (Anggara & Aziza, 2020) adalah proses dimana siswa menghadapi masalah. Anderson (Anggara & Aziza, 2020) berpendapat bahwa keberadaan pemecahan masalah di banyak negara adalah memainkan salah satu dari dua peran yaitu sebagai tujuan komprehensif atau sebagai komponen mendasar dari kurikulum matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 254, "width": 216, "height": 202, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan pemecahan masalah perlu dimiliki oleh peserta didik agar mereka terlatih dalam menghadapi suatu masalah baik pada bidang matematika ataupun pada kehidupan nyata (Zulfitri et al., 2019). Kemudian, Braca (Pertiwi et al., 2022) juga menyatakan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan jantungnya matematika. Berdasarkan hal tersebut peserta didik perlu memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah. Akan tetapi, faktanya kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik masih rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 461, "width": 216, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada hasil PISA pada tahun 2018 Indonesia menduduki posisi ke- 74 dari 79 negara serta kemampuan matematika peserta didik negara Indonesia memperoleh skor 379 (OEDC, 2019). Adapun salah satu faktor penyebab rendahnya hasil PISA menurut Wardhani dan Rumiati (Zulfitri et al., 2019) bahwa peserta didik di Indonesia masih kurang terlatih untuk menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 619, "width": 216, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil TIMSS 2011, Indonesia berada pada posisi ke-38 dari 42 negara dengan memperoleh skor 386 (Amalia et al., 2019). Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, maka sebagai seorang pendidik hendaknya memahami secara tepat kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa agar dapat membantu siswa mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 965", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 169, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyudin (Mikrayanti, 2016) menyatakan bahwa salah satu yang menyebabkan sejumlah siswa gagal dalam menguasai materi-materi matematika adalah siswa kurang menggunakan nalar yang logis dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika. Dengan demikian siswa yang memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah yang baik diharapkan siswa mampu menyelesaikan masalah matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 216, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa perlu diterapkan model pembelajaran yang mampu melibatkan siswa untuk aktif dalam pembelajaran, seperti bertanya dan memberikan argumentasi dalam proses belajar-mengajar. Model pembelajaran yang melibatkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran adalah model pembelajaran snowball throwing . Snowball throwing merupakan salah satu dari model pembelajaran aktif yang hakikatnya mengarahkan atensi siswa terhadap materi yang dipelajarinya (Setiawan, 2017). Pembelajaran snowball throwing dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa (Pramono et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 525, "width": 219, "height": 233, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran dengan model snowball throwing sangat cocok diterapkan pada siswa yang kurang aktif dalam pembelajaran dan hasil belajarnya masih rendah. Snowball throwing juga pembelajaran yang cocok dilakukan di dalam kelas. Model snowball throwing menuntut siswa dalam kelompok harus berpartisipasi aktif membuat pertanyaan maupun berdiskusi merumuskan pertanyaan. Sehingga ketika mereka aktif di kelas materi yang dipelajari/yang dijelaskan oleh temannya lebih gampang terserap. Dampaknya ketika seorang pendidik memberikan soal latihan pada akhir pembelajaran, siswa akan mudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 81, "width": 215, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menjawab soal tersebut dengan baik dan benar (Karyawan, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 112, "width": 216, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran snowball throwing dengan yang memperoleh pembelajaran langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 224, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 243, "width": 216, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen. Ruseffendi (Faoziyah, 2023) mengemukakan ”Penelitian kuasi eksperimen atau kuasi percobaan adalah penelitian untuk melihat hubungan sebab akibat, dimana perlakuan yang kita lakukan terhadap variabel bebas kita lihat hasilnya pada variabel terikat”. Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi variabel bebas adalah model pembelajaran Snowball", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 402, "width": 215, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Throwing , sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 465, "width": 216, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan dua buah kelompok. Kelompok pertama sebagai kelompok eksperimen yang di beri perlakuan dengan model pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dan kelompok kedua sebagai kelompok kontrol yang pembelajarannya menggunakan model pembelajaran Langsung. Pada kedua kelompok tersebut diberikan pretes t dan posttest dengan soal yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 624, "width": 216, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII salah satu SMP Negeri di Kota Bandung tahun ajaran 2012/2013, sedangkan untuk sampelnya dipilih dua kelas dari populasi tersebut. Pemilihan dan penentuan subyek penelitian dilakukan secara acak kelas, dengan alasan setiap kemampuan dari tiap kelas sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 966", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika tipe uraian. Tes ini digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan siswa ditijau dari bagaimana langkah-langkah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 160, "width": 215, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "siswa dalam menyelesaikan persoalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 216, "height": 265, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap pelaksanaan : (1) memberikan pretest kepada siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal siswa sebelum pembelajaran berlangsung, (2) memberikan perlakuan pembelajaran yang berbeda pada kedua kelas, yaitu kelas ekperimen pembelajaran matematikanya dengan menggunakan model Snowball Throwing dan kelas kontrol pembelajaran matematikanya dengan model Langsung, (3) memberikan posttest kepada siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol untuk mengetahui kemampuan akhir siswa setelah kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran model Snowball Throwing dan model Langsung, (4) memberikan skor hasil jawaban siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 216, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap akhir : (1) menganalisis data dengan menggunakan uji statistik, (2) membuat kesimpulan berdasarkan berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, (3) menyusun laporan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 541, "width": 216, "height": 154, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam perhitungan penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 21 for Windows . Adapun urutan perhitungannya sebagai berikut: analisis data hasil tes awal : (1) menguji normalitas skor tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. (2) menguji homogenitas dua varians. (3) melakukan uji- t dua pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 700, "width": 216, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data hasil tes akhir : (1) Menguji normalitas skor tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, (2) Menguji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 81, "width": 213, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "homogenitas dua varians, (3) Melakukan uji- t satu pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 112, "width": 215, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 128, "width": 216, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemecahan masalah matematika antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, maka dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus menurut Hake (Hidayat et al., 2020) sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 206, "width": 193, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks Gain = % 𝑆𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠−% 𝑆𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠 100−% 𝑆𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 231, "width": 215, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan gain kemudian diinterpretatasikan seperti pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 279, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Interpretasi Nilai (g)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 317, "top": 295, "width": 204, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rata-rata gain ternormalitas Klasifikasi (g) ˂ 0,30 0,30 ≤ (g) > 0,70 (g) ≥ 0,70 Rendah Sedang Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 376, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 395, "width": 216, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data tahap awal digunakan untuk melihat kondisi awal populasi sebagai pertimbangan dalam pengambilan sampel. Sebelum sampel diberi perlakuan maka perlu dianalisis terlebih dahulu melalui uji normalitas dan homogenitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 490, "width": 216, "height": 123, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uji normalitas, dengan taraf signifikansinya adalah 0,05. Nilai signifikasi dari kelas eksperimen adalah 0,27, dan 0,27 > 0,05. Kelas kontrol nilai signifikasinya 0,12, dan 0,12 > 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan bahwa kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol tersebut berdistribusi normal (Ismail, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 617, "width": 216, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji homogenitas dua varians antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Nilai signifkansi sebesar 0,12 lebih besar dari 0,05, maka peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa data skor pretest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berasal dari populasi yang mempunyai varians yang sama atau kedua kelas tersebut homogen (Ismail, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 967", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena kedua kelompok tersebut berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varians yang homogen, maka dilakukan uji kesamaan dua rerata dengan uji-t melalui aplikasi SPSS 21 for Windows dengan taraf signifikansinya 0,05. Hipotesis tersebut dirumuskan dalam bentuk hipotesis statistik (Uji dua pihak) (Wijaya & Marpaung, 2023) sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 223, "width": 216, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 0 : 𝜇 1 = 𝜇 2 H 1 : 𝜇 1 ≠ 𝜇 2 Keterangan: H 0 : Kemampuan awal pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 335, "width": 216, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 1 : Kemampuan awal pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol ada perbedaan secara signifikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 399, "width": 216, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan kriteria H 0 diterima dan H 1 ditolak jika sig > 0,05, sebaliknya jika sig < 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima (Wijaya & Marpaung, 2023). Hasil perhitungan seperti dalam Tabel 2 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 494, "width": 216, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Uji-t Tes Awal Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 526, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t-test for Equality of Means", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 567, "width": 98, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t d f Sig. (2- tail ed) Mea n Diff eren ce", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 227, "top": 543, "width": 53, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Std . Err or Dif fer enc e Kesi mpul an", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 81, "top": 670, "width": 21, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai Equ al vari anc", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 83, "top": 670, "width": 198, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "es ass , 21 4 5 8 ,83 1 2,49 1 - 4,4 53 H 0 diteri ma", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 324, "top": 81, "width": 17, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "um ed", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 312, "top": 113, "width": 216, "height": 281, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Equ al vari anc es not ass um ed ,21 4 5 6, 4 4 2 ,83 1 2,49 1 - 4,4 53 Dari hasil perhitungan Tabel 2 ternyata didapat bahwa nilai pada signifikansi adalah 0,83. Oleh karena itu nilai sig > 0,05, maka H 0 diterima atau kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada tes awal tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan (Wijaya & Marpaung, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 399, "width": 216, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data hasil tes akhir dari hasil kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa, dengan taraf signifikansinya adalah 0,05. Nilai signifikasi hasil uji normalitas dari kelas eksperimen adalah 0,27, dan 0,27 > 0,05. Kelas kontrol nilai signifikasinya 0,76, dan 0,76 > 0,05. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan bahwa kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol tersebut berdistribusi normal (Ismail, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 558, "width": 216, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji homogenitas dua variansi antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Proses perhitungan dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 21 for Windows . Berdasarkan uji homogenitas varians, diperoleh nilai bahwa nilai signifkansi sebesar 0,66 lebih besar dari 0,05, maka peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa data skor posttest kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol berasal dari populasi yang mempunyai varians yang sama atau kedua kelas tersebut homogen (Ismail, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 968", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena kedua kelompok tersebut berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varians yang homogen, maka dilakukan uji kesamaan dua rerata dengan uji-t melalui aplikasi SPSS 21 for Windows dengan taraf signifikansinya 0,05. Hipotesis tersebut dirumuskan dalam bentuk hipotesis statistik (Uji satu pihak) (Ismail, 2022) sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 223, "width": 216, "height": 76, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 0 : 𝜇 1 = 𝜇 2 H 1 : 𝜇 1 > 𝜇 2 H 0 : Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran snowball throwing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 303, "width": 216, "height": 123, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sama dengan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran Langsung. H 1 : Kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran snowball throwing lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 415, "width": 181, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran Langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 216, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan kriteria H 0 diterima dan H 1 ditolak jika sig > 0,05, sebaliknya jika sig < 0,05 maka H 0 ditolak dan H 1 diterima (Wijaya & Marpaung, 2023). Hasil perhitungan seperti dalam Tabel 3 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 542, "width": 216, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 Uji-t Tes Akhir Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kelas Kontrol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 574, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t-test for Equality of Means", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 590, "width": 131, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t d f Sig. (2- taile d) Mean Differ ence St d. Err or Di ffe ren ce", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 270, "top": 629, "width": 22, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesi mpu lan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 717, "width": 32, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai Equal", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 88, "top": 717, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "varia nces 2, 2 5 8 ,031 8,733 3,9 61 H 1 diter ima", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 81, "width": 70, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "assu med 0 5 Equal varia nces not assu med 2, 2 0 5 5 7,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 390, "top": 145, "width": 9, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 8 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 410, "top": 113, "width": 90, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ",031 8,733 3,9 61", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 224, "width": 216, "height": 123, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil perhitungan data pada Tabel 3 yang dihasilkan sig sebesar 0,31 dan 0,031 < 0,05, sehingga dapat disimpulkan H 1 diterima atau kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran snowball throwing lebih baik dari pada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran langsung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 351, "width": 216, "height": 123, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Wijaya & Marpaung, 2023). Untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen, maka dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji n-gain . Rerata nilai hasil uji n-gain pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 495, "width": 216, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4 Indeks Gain Kelas Eksperimen Dan Kelas Kontrol", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 321, "top": 527, "width": 193, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas Eksperimen Kelas Kontrol Pre- Test Post- Test N- Gai n Pre- Test Post- test N- Gai n 24,7 66,3 0,5 5 24,2 57,6 0,4 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 639, "width": 216, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari nilai rata-rata data di atas, maka peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas eksperimen adalah 0,55 dan kelas kontrol 0,44.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 703, "width": 216, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan nilai rerata n-gain kelas eksperimen lebih besar daripada kelas kontrol, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 42, "width": 227, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NUSRA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 42, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, Issue 4, November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 779, "width": 329, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing Dalam Meningkatkan ...... − Nina Faoziyah 969", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 328, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masalah matematika siswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran snowboall throwing lebih tinggi (lebih baik) dari pada yang mendapatkan pembelajaran langsung. Hal ini dikarenakan pembelajaran ini adalah model baru bagi siswa, sehingga siswa merasa lebih terasah kemampuan dan kreativitasnya. Selain itu pembelajaran dengan model snowball throwing , siswa dapat belajar sambil bermain karena dalam pembelajaran ini siswa berkelompok untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan. Setelah itu, siswa bisa membuat pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan materi yang mereka kuasai dan melempar pertanyaan tersebut kepada kelempok yang berbeda dan kelompok yang mendapat lemparan harus menjawab pertanyaan tersebut. Sehingga model pembelajaran snowball throwing membuat siswa jauh merasa lebih nyaman dan rileks ketika belajar di dalam kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 216, "height": 186, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat (Sudana, 2019) menyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran snowball throwing merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran kooperatif yang dibuat untuk mempengaruhi pola interaksi siswa dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kelancaran belajar. Menurut penelitian (Dewi et al., 2020) yang menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran siswa meningkat karena dalam proses pembelajaran menggunakan pembelajaran snowball throwing . Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 216, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Purniwantini, 2022) menyatakan bahwa prestasi belajar matematika siswa meningkat dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran snowball throwing . Penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh (Asmariati, 2020) dan (Hujaemah et al., 2019) menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa dikarenakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 716, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 731, "width": 216, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran snowball throwing dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian (Juwita, 2020) dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 81, "width": 216, "height": 233, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Santika et al., 2019) menyatakan bahwa meningkatnya pembelajaran siswa karena menerapkan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dalam proses kegiatan pembelajaran. Akan tetapi ada beberapa kendala yang menghambat terselenggaranya penelitian ini dengan baik yaitu diantaranya, belum terbiasanya siswa dengan pembelajaran snowball throwing dan memerlukan banyak waktu. Untuk mengatasi kendala pertama peneliti menyajikan situasi teknik membimbing pada siswa yang berorientasi pada masalah dan soal-soal yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 319, "width": 216, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan untuk mengatasi kendala yang kedua peneliti menggunakan media sebagai alat bantu untuk mempermudah siswa dalam memecahkan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 398, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 418, "width": 216, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan analisis data serta pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa yang menggunakan model snowball throwing lebih baik daripada siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 559, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 586, "width": 215, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amalia, R. N., Rochmad, & Kharis, M. (2019). Efektivitas Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Kelas VII pada Problem Based", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 642, "width": 174, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Learning Bertema. PRISMA, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika , 2 , 185–189. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/inde x.php/prisma/", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 711, "width": 215, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggara, A., & Aziza, M. (2020). Problem Solving Oriented Mathematics Curriculum. 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[ { "left": 428, "top": 53, "width": 102, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 2722-6913 e-ISSN: 2722-760X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4 Nomor 1 Juni 2023, pp. 74-103", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 130, "width": 447, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SOLVING FORM TWO STUDENTS’ FAILURE TO SUBTRACT DIRECTED NUMBERS IN MATHEMATICS: AN ACTION RESEARCH STUDY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 196, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chaturuka Sylocious 1) , Chirume Silvanos 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 212, "width": 441, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Economic Planning and Modelling Department, Ministry of Finance and Economic Development,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 228, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harare,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 241, "width": 436, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Department of Mathematical Sciences, Zimbabwe Open University, Midlands Regional Campus,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 257, "width": 33, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gweru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 270, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 305, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 315, "width": 457, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this action research was to solve student’s failure to subtract directed numbers in Mathematics at junior secondary (Form Two) level. The study was conducted at a secondary school in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The research had two cycles. Cycle 1 had four participants, while Cycle 2 had one participant whose problem had not been solved in Cycle 1. Cycle 1 had three sessions: structured interview, implementation of the cooperative strategy and evaluation of the effectiveness of the cooperative strategy. The cooperative strategy was used in conjunction with the number line and the ‘having money-owing money’ techniques. Cycle 2 had two sessions namely: implementation of the counters model and evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategy. Results from the implementation of the cooperative strategy indicated that logical sequencing of concepts, group work and good presentation skills reduced possible misconceptions. The major reflection was that although the participants had seemed to have the same problem, the use of one strategy may not be effective as was the case for participant D. The results from the interviews highlighted the importance of continuously checking with the learners to reflect on the teacher’s practices. Results from the ‘two-colour counters’ showed the effectiveness in maintaining interest, motivation and concentration. The major limitation of the study was that the number line and the counters model were difficult to use, time consuming and laborious when large numbers were involved. The research has implications on the teaching and learning of directed numbers involving integers, fractions, decimals and algebraic expressions. A call for further research is also made.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 435, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Solving students’ failure, Subtraction, Directed numbers, Form two, Action research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 457, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Directed numbers are important in the learning of many mathematics concepts. An understanding of directed numbers is necessary in manipulating equations, co-ordinate and graph plotting, factorization and change of subject of formulae, transformations and vectors and also in functions and inequalities. According to Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (2015), Form 1 learners should be able to “operate with directed numbers” and “apply directed numbers to practical situations in life.” (p. 13). However, we discovered during our teaching that many students enter Form 2 level with severe gaps in their concepts and skills in mathematics, especially in subtraction of directed numbers. Similar findings have been echoed (e.g., Bruno & Martinon, 1999; Makonye & Fakude, 2016; Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018). These are requisite concepts without which students cannot succeed in learning Mathematics and other related subjects. We recognized therefore that a firm basis should be put in place at Zimbabwe Junior Certificate (Forms 1-2) level if pupils are to fully understand the topics in Form 4 to Upper Six.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Action research methodology has been proposed and used by many researchers (e.g., Kemmis & McTaggart 1988, Segal 2009) as an effective problem-solving tool. Amini, Helmanto, and Hidayat (2020) conducted an action research study to determine students’ understanding of operations with positive and negative integers. There results showed increased learning activities and increased learning outcomes by the students. We therefore decided to embark on an action research approach to solve our own problem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This action research study is organised into three sections. Section 1 is the pre- intervention phase and includes the background to the study, identification of the problem, statement of the problem and research questions. The section concludes by giving the intended intervention strategy. Section 2 is the intervention phase and gives the plan of action, implementation of the plan and the results. Presentation of data, analysis and possible reflections of each instrument are also covered here. Section 3 is the post-intervention phase which looks at the overall findings and reflections.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 643, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 456, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study used classroom action research methods through two cycles. The data in this study were taken from junior high schools in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The first cycle involved four students with three sessions: structured interviews, cooperative strategies, and evaluation, While the second cycle involved one with two sessions, namely the student counter model and evaluation. Data collection techniques with interviews, observation, and tests.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SECTION 1: PRE-INTERVENTION PHASE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background to the study", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 457, "height": 218, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although the concept of subtraction of numbers is introduced at early years of primary level mathematics, the answers could only take positive values and a minimum of zero (Cajori, 1991). During the development of Mathematics Syllabus Form 1-4 (2015-2022), it was assumed that the learner has completed primary education and has basic knowledge of primary mathematics syllabus concepts such as number and operations (Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, 2015). Based on this, we were then convinced that by the time pupils enrol for Form two, they already have knowledge of subtraction of numbers acquired from the primary school mathematics syllabus (Curriculum Development Unit, 2006) as well as understanding of directed numbers as covered during Form 1. Within the primary level framework, the students should be able to subtract directed numbers between zero and ten thousand. One of the co-researchers of this study had this to say,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 365, "width": 393, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "During my teaching of directed numbers to Form two West, I encountered a problem with four students who had serious difficulties in subtracting directed numbers. I realised that I needed to transform my practice, as I and the syllabus had been putting huge emphasis on wrongly assumed knowledge on the students’ subtraction of directed numbers. The knowledge and skills I used in my teaching style were obviously to the detriment of the students. By placing much emphasis on the demonstration teaching method, I tended to neglect those students who did not have directed number skills and therefore, exposing them to a continuous experience of negativity and failure in mathematics and doing very little for their self-esteem and self-concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 513, "width": 457, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This challenged us, therefore, to think of new ways in which we could seek for a suitable intervention strategy to solve students’ failure to subtract directed numbers. The study was based on the premise that students’ failure to subtract directed numbers was the key inhibiting factor in the students’ learning capacities and potentialities. Thus, through a suitable intervention strategy, the problem could be eliminated leading to the students’ acquisition of the requisite subtraction skills and successful learning of mathematics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 638, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purpose of Study", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 658, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thus, the purpose of this action research is to solve the problem of failure to subtract directed numbers faced by Form two students at a secondary school in Gweru, Zimbabwe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 700, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Statement of the problem", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 720, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The problem was that four students could not subtract directed numbers despite the fact that the subtraction concept had been taught in 4 consecutive lessons.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research questions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The following research questions guided this action research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 115, "width": 399, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Why are Form 2 students failing to subtract directed numbers in Mathematics?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 136, "width": 439, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. What are the specific errors made by Form two students with regards to subtraction of directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 175, "width": 439, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. How can the ‘having money- owing money’ strategy be used to solve students’ failure to subtract directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 219, "width": 439, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. How effective is the cooperative learning strategy in solving students’ failure to subtract directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 260, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Intended intervention strategy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 342, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The intended intervention strategy that was to be used in this action research to solve the problem of failure to subtract directed numbers is the cooperative learning strategy (as also advocated by Stoner, 2004; Cornelius-Ukpepi, Aglazor, & Odey, 2016) in conjunction with the use of number line and the ‘having money-owing money’ as teaching and learning techniques. The techniques will enable the use of concrete material in the teaching and learning of subtraction of directed numbers which makes this seemingly abstract concept interesting and real. Cooperative learning is a learner-centred instructional strategy in which students work together in small, heterogeneous groups to complete a problem, project, or other instructional goal, while teachers act as guides or facilitators. The cooperative learning strategy provides opportunities for productive struggle, in which students learn from their mistakes through explanations from their peers and teacher. The strategy also creates a positive dependency between group members as they work out problems on subtraction of directed numbers and can only finish successfully together. The strategy also provides supportive interaction between the group members as they attempt subtraction of directed number problems. The strategy also promotes both individual and group responsibility as they subtract directed numbers in groups. Furthermore, participants learn how to communicate in an appropriate way in small groups as they work out subtraction problems together.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The strategy utilises assessment of the group work and hence promotes collaboration between the group members. Since the group members want their group to attain good marks, they will ensure they promote peer learning, and put maximum effort to their task as a group. Thus, the use of the cooperative learning strategy and the techniques will provide the teacher with great potential to use their creativity to do further work on mathematics concepts as an alternative to merely relying on worksheets (Furner, Yahya & Duffy, 2005). The techniques utilize concrete objects used to help students ‘understand abstract concepts in the domain of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mathematics’ (McNeil & Jarvin, 2007). The use of these tools in teaching will entail teacher’s good purposeful planning and skills. The idea that children learn best through interacting with concrete objects has sparked much interest in the use of mathematics manipulatives such as the having money-owing money and number line, which are concrete objects that are designed specifically to help children learn mathematics (Ball, 1992; Amini, Helmanto & Hidayat, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 179, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cooperative learning strategy was specifically chosen for the above merits and its potential to solve the problem of students’ failure to subtract directed numbers. Thus, the strategy was expected to yield its intended purpose as had also been achieved by other researchers (e.g., Oni, 2018; Stoner, 2004) and advocated for by Cornelius-Ukpepi, Aglazor and Odey (2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SECTION 2: INTERVENTION PHASE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plan of Action", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 457, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This plan of action had two cycles. Cycle One had three sessions. The cooperative learning strategy was to be used to solve the four participants’ (students’) failure to subtract directed numbers. The cooperative learning strategy was to be used together with the number line and the having- money-owing money techniques which provided concrete objects (Ulrich, n.d., Wessman-Enzinger & Mooney , 2019) and facilitated the transition from concrete thinking to the abstract one in the conception of subtraction of directed numbers. This would facilitate the learning approach to start from the known to the unknown.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 457, "height": 259, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participants were divided into two sets of pair-groups. Thus, there were four participants (coded as A, B, C and D) altogether. The pair-groups would allow the participants to discuss among themselves without my interference. This cooperative learning strategy promotes more free discussions of subtraction of directed numbers to take place between peers. Participants would practice in pairs the questions given to them. The teacher (first researcher) would only play a facilitative role in their learning. Mainly chalk and chalkboard were used to demonstrate and explain concepts in both cycles. After discussion, the participants would be given group work as well as individual exercises, which helped to check whether the set objective had been achieved or not. Data were collected through interview schedules, observation checklists, exercises and test. The sessions started by understanding the participants’ problems through conducting a structured interview. This was then followed by the implementation of the plan which comprised of six activities and the last session ended by an evaluation exercise which intended to check on the effectiveness of the cooperative learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "strategy. Continued failure by participant D, as was highlighted in the evaluative test after the implementation of the cooperative strategy, led to Cycle 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 126, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 146, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cycle 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This cycle detailed the actual implementation of the planned three sessions and activities for the generation of data on subtraction of directed numbers. The sessions comprised of structured interview, implementation of strategy and effectiveness of strategy. These sessions were meant to answer the research questions in this study. Each session had a plan, implementation, results and observations and reflections. The four participants participated in all the three sessions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Session 1: Structured interview", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A structured interview with the four participants failing to subtract directed numbers was conducted. The purpose of the interview would also be explained before the interview, to ensure that the participants would be aware and comfortable in giving responses. The structured interview was to be conducted from 1300 hours in the participants’ classroom. The participants’ responses were recorded verbatim and their non-verbal communication was observed. The interview with each participant was planned to take at most 20 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of the interview plan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The interview with each of the 4 participants was conducted, one after the other. The purpose of the structured interview was to understand why the participants were failing to subtract directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 539, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The interview session was based on the following questions:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 560, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Why are you failing to subtract directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 580, "width": 350, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) What is it that I do that makes you fail to subtract directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 601, "width": 396, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) What do you expect me to do when teaching subtraction of directed numbers?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 415, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 : Participants' responses to structured interview, n=4 Interview question Responses Participants 1). Why are you failing to subtract directed numbers? a) I cannot tell the sign associated with the directed number. A, B, D b) I don’t know when the sign entails subtraction operation and when it entails number sign. A, B, C, D c) The concept of subtraction of directed numbers lacks real life examples A, B, C, D", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 75, "width": 405, "height": 148, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2). What is it that I do that makes you fail to subtract directed numbers? d) Your demonstrations and explanations are not clear e) You give us inadequate time to practice f) You mix several concepts at a go g) Your demonstrations are too few h) You don’t vary your teaching methods i) You don’t give us real life examples A, B, D A, B, C, D A, B, C, D A, C, D A, B, C, D A, B, C, 3). What do you expect me to do when teaching subtraction of directed numbers? j) Give clear explanations when presenting subtraction concept k) Present on a single concept at a time l) Give us more practice time m) Vary your teaching methods n) Use real life examples A, B, D B, C, D A, B, C, D A, B, C, D", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 445, "top": 214, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A, B, C", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 259, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the first question, responses indicate that participants A, B and D could not tell the sign associated with the directed number, which would then imply that the concept of subtraction of directed number was too complicated for them without this background knowledge. All the 4 participants highlighted that they did not understand when the sign entails subtraction operation and when it just entails number sign ( Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018). This implied that the participants had not understood the identification of signs associated with a number and the rules of subtraction operation. All the participants indicated that they felt that their understanding of the concept of subtraction of directed numbers would have been enhanced with the use of real-life examples.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 457, "height": 259, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From Question 2, responses from participants A, B and D indicated that the demonstrations and explanations during the presentation stage of the lesson were not very clear. All the four participants indicated that the teacher was giving them inadequate practice time to work on tasks. The 4 participants also indicated that the teacher was mixing several concepts in one goal. This implied that the participants’ failure to subtract directed numbers was attributable to poor presentation skills. Participants A, C and D highlighted that the teacher’s demonstrations were too few such that they were given exercises before they grasped the concept. All participants indicated that the teaching method was too teacher-centred and had little participants’ involvement. This made the mathematics lessons boring because the learners would always be listening to the all-knowing teacher. Participants A, B and C further indicated that the teacher never gave real life examples. This however, failed to support the well-known theory which states that effective learning takes place through learning from the known to the unknown.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 715, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In relation to Question 3, participants A, B and D suggested that the teacher needed to give clear explanations during the presentation stage of the lesson. Furthermore, participants B, C, and D highlighted that the teacher needed to present one concept at a time. This would enable", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the participants to grasp the concepts. All the four participants recommended that they should be given adequate time to practice given tasks. In addition, they all suggested that the teacher needed to vary teaching methods and incorporate concrete objects in the learning of subtraction of directed numbers so that they learn, as also highlighted by Sen, Tengah, Shahrill and Leong (2017) from concrete objects to abstract concepts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 178, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In our view, the interviews were successful because we gained more information than had been initially anticipated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 240, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the responses, we learnt that the teacher’s teaching method was boring and was not motivating to the participants, thus the teaching strategies had to be changed. We also thought of incorporating a variety of media and concrete examples as a way of enhancing teaching. The interviews also reflected to us that the teacher needed to logically sequence the development of subtraction of directed number concept. However, a notable weakness in the interview was that the teacher conducted the interview in which participants had to divulge her areas of weakness hence participants at first found it difficult to tell her what she was not doing well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the results of the interview in Session 1, we noted the importance of incorporating the cooperative learning strategy as a variation to the explicit strategy that the teacher had been using. This then led to Session 2, which was the implementation session.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 457, "width": 304, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Session 2: Implementation of cooperative learning strategy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 457, "height": 260, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Session 2 was meant to address the problems resulting from the interviews in Session 1. The session consisted of six activities which were meant to gradually develop the concept of subtraction of directed numbers in an endeavor to solve participants’ initial failure to subtract directed numbers. Four participants participated in the six activities of the implementation of the intervention strategy. As was suggested in interviews, the participants had to be given more practice time, use concrete objects, and use real life examples to enhance the grasping of the concept. The cooperative learning strategy promotes the use of group work/ peer learning as a better learning strategy compared to individual and competitive learning (Oni, 2018; Cornelius- Ukpepi, Aglazor & Odey, 2016; Stoner, 2004). The participants were divided into two heterogeneous and permanent pair groups throughout the implementation of the strategy. The use of permanent groups meant that the peers would be jointly assessed. It also helped in developing the spirit of “ours” and not “my”, which promoted joint effort in achieving the objectives. Each pair recorded on a worksheet the work attempted in each activity. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "teacher/researcher also used observation checklist to complement the responses from worksheets. The six activities are detailed below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 1: Identification of positive and negative numbers.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Our objective in giving this activity was to assist the participants to be able to identify positive and negative numbers, as a basis to the understanding of subtraction of directed numbers. We defined directed numbers as all the numbers written with a positive or negative sign (i.e., with a direction). Zero is in the neutral position and numbers to the right of zero or numbers greater than zero (0) are positive, while numbers to the left of zero or numbers less than zero are negative. The teacher used the number line to demonstrate and explain on the chalkboard, relating the distance and direction of the number from zero as a way of identifying positive and negative numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 313, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participants were given guided practice questions which they worked in pairs. For example: Identify these (a) -10 (b) +48 and the expected answers would be negative 10 and positive 48, respectively. Five such questions were given. Further, participants engaged in individual work on identifying positive and negative numbers. Participants B and C initially failed to identify +123 as a positive number but got it correctly at the second trial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 417, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "All the participants did well. The results from the pair work indicated that the participants could now identify the signs associated with the number, regardless of the number being single, double or triple digit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 500, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After having observed that the participants could identify the signs associated with numbers from pair work responses, the teacher then went on to further demonstrate that the “+” sign of a positive number may be omitted. For example, “+5” could be written as or is the same as 5, but negative numbers always carry their sign with them, otherwise leaving the sign will imply that the number is positive.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 603, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results from the pair work reflected to us that participants could work better when they assist each other. We attributed the good results as the benefits of cooperative learning strategy. As the participants were observed working in their respective pairs, we noticed that the strategy encouraged peer learning within the pairs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From both the individual exercise and pair work results, we concluded that the participants could now identify the sign associated with a number, when the direction is directly indicated. The results for Question 5 of the individual exercise indicated that participants B and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C had initially not grasped the concept of eliminating the sign for positive numbers. We could attribute this failure to the fact that only one example had been given, which could have been missed by the two participants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 136, "width": 352, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 2: Drawing and representing directed numbers on a number line", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 157, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this activity was to assist the participants to draw a number line and represent directed numbers on it. The teacher used a number line drawn on a manila sheet as well as ones drawn on the chalkboard. The teacher demonstrated how to circle the positions of (i) -1 and (ii) 5 on the number line as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 299, "width": 451, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 Pupils were then asked, in pairs to do five similar problems.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Participants B and D did not manage to draw the number line correctly. They skipped -9 on labelling the number line. Such a mistake explains the possibility of the participants getting wrong answers when subtracting directed numbers. The mistake was noticed and corrected when the teacher was observing and marking the pairs’ work sheets. It was observed that the cooperative learning strategy promoted group responsibility. Both participants B and D later managed to correctly circle the position of the numbers on the number line.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 506, "width": 457, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In terms of the pairs’ ability to circle the number on the number line, we felt that this was enabled by the skills developed in Activity 1. Circling the position was easier considering that in Activity 1 they had gained the knowledge that positive numbers were greater than zero or to the right of zero, while negative numbers were numbers less than zero or numbers to the left of zero. More independent practice questions with two-digit numbers were later given.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 239, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations of practice questions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results indicated that all the participants were able to draw and clearly label the number line stretching to 2-digit figures with no challenges. On the ‘circling of position’ exercise, participant D failed to circle -12, because the participant had changed the question to 12 instead of -12 as given. When asked to circle the position of zero on the number line, the same participant forgot that 0 was neutral, and labeled it on the number line as + 0. In this case the participant related to the fact that any number without an indicated sign meant that it was", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "positive, thus violating the neutrality rule and not fully grasping the concept of signed quantities (Ulrich, n.d.).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results reflected that the participants had mastered the concepts in the activities. The teacher needed to be careful in ensuring that the minor mistakes made by the participants were contained before they could develop into bigger challenges. The cooperative learning strategy, to this end, had been very useful in enhancing the mastering of the concepts covered so far; concepts which are part of the background to the understanding of subtraction of directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 272, "width": 329, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 3: Subtraction of positive numbers using the number line.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of the activity was to assist participants to subtract positive numbers using the number line. This was only possible provided the teacher first explained the rules that govern the subtraction of directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 355, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rule 1: - (+) = - this entails subtracting a positive number. The negative sign is the subtraction operation sign and the (+) implies a positive number.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rule 2: - (-) = + this implies subtraction of a negative number. The first negative sign represents the subtraction operation, while the second negative represents a negative number.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rule 2 would be considered in Activity 4. For Rule 1, subtraction of a positive number results in movement in the negative direction. Thus, when a negative is followed by a positive, the resultant effect on the operation is negative. It is important to note that subtraction problems begin by giving the negative sign of the operation, before giving the number to be subtracted. For instance, given 2-3, one needs to remember that a number such as 2 that has no sign before it means it is a positive number. The negative implies subtraction sign, and 3 is a positive number too. In this case, one goes to the +2 on the number line, and since subtraction means moving to the left, one then moves 3 steps in the negative direction. This can be illustrated on a number line as follows:2−3 = -1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 movements to the left", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 271, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 686, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "+2 +3 +4 +5 +6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 317, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Finish Start", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 727, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After demonstrating another example such as −1−3 = −4, the teacher then gave a similar 5- question exercise to be done in pairs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both groups managed to correctly draw and label the number line for use in subtracting positive directed numbers. In the first three questions, both groups managed to perform the subtraction operation using the number line. Pair 1 (A and C) moved in the opposite direction and obtained +9 instead of -9 for the problem 0-9. Pair 2 (B and D) also obtained +7 for 8-15 instead of -7. Maybe they thought that since the teacher said the concept relates to subtraction of positive number, then the answer would be positive. When this error was observed, the teacher further explained why correct and consistent use of the number line was still important at that stage.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 302, "width": 457, "height": 115, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of the number line made it easier to achieve the set activity objective. The number line was an effective media on teaching the concept. Similar successful results using the number line had been observed in previous studies (Bruno & Martinon 1999; Amini, Helmanto & Hidayat, 2020; Sari & Jaguthsing, 2021 ). The use of cooperative learning strategy also proved helpful to the participants because the teacher was monitoring their practice and noticed that they would find time to explain the concept to each other, thus promoting peer learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 427, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 4: Subtraction of negative numbers using the number line.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 447, "width": 457, "height": 136, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective in this activity was to help the participants subtract negative numbers using the number line. The teacher began by explaining Rule 2 which stipulated that -(-) = + thus implying subtraction of a negative number. The first negative sign represents the subtraction operation, while the second negative sign represents a negative number. It is important to note that subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number. Therefore, to subtract a negative number, one moves in the opposite way of a negative direction, that is to the right. Generally, two consecutive negative signs give a positive sign, that is (-) (-) = +.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 592, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For example, to solve 1 − (−2) by applying Rule 2 would result in 1+2. The number line could then be used to find the answer as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 634, "width": 385, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Example: 1- (-2) = +3 move two steps to the right", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 693, "width": 451, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 717, "width": 356, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Start Finish", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 737, "width": 394, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher also demonstrated and explained the following example: (−1) − (−5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case it is important not to confuse that the first negative, to the left of 1, imply negative number 1 (-1). By resolving the two consecutive negatives, one gets +. The question would then become -1 + 5. Then using the number line as before would result in -1- (-5) = +4. Participant C was then asked to demonstrate the example 0 − (−4) on the chalkboard with the assistance of fellow participants. The participant successfully solved the problem. The teacher gave the participants some more practice questions which they worked out in their pairs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 200, "width": 446, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 : Responses to pair-practice using number line to subtract negative directed numbers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 221, "width": 441, "height": 201, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Question Response Errors Pair 1 (A and C) Pair 2 (B and D) 1. (+2) − (−3) ✓ ✓ No 2. (−6) − (−4) ✓ ✓ No 3. (−3) – 0 ✓  Pair 2: obtained +3 instead of -3 4. 13 – (-5) ✓ ✓ No 5. -13- (-5)  ✓ Pair 1: obtained -18 instead of -8 Key: ✓ - able to  - unable to", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 441, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 457, "height": 239, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The set objective was partially achieved. Pair 1 managed to perform the subtraction of negative numbers well except on question 5 where their answer reflected that they thought the question was completely the opposite of question 4. We noted that perhaps they did not follow the correct steps in subtracting negative directed numbers. Maybe they also did not make effective use of the number line as they had been advised. Pair 2 managed to do well in the first and last two questions and failed the third question. We observed that they encountered a challenge probably because they failed to represent subtraction of zero on the number line. They ended up applying the involved negative signs, as if there were two consecutive signs, thus, obtaining positive 3. When the teacher also observed the errors, she requested the other pair to demonstrate on why and how they had resolved the same problem in their pair. She emphasized the need to ensure that the negative signs are one after another (consecutive) for them to be positive and the need to follow the procedures and avoid making assumptions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 711, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 731, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "We noted that the teacher could alternatively demonstrate the problem 1- (-2) as follows: Start at +1. Since we are subtracting, face the negative direction (i.e., left), Then because of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "second negative sign, do the opposite (i.e., instead of left now face right) and move two steps, then stop. The answer is + 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 457, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Do opposite (i.e., face right then move two steps and stop)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 185, "width": 451, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Start at +1, face left (negative direction) Finish", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 229, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The number line proved helpful in solving subtraction of negative numbers. We noted that the participants made errors maybe by not following the rules and procedures. However, the use of cooperative learning proved very helpful in developing teamwork and eliminating competition and rather promoted the spirit of group success. It also reflected to us that the participants had grasped the concept of subtraction of negative directed numbers. We reflected that the use of cooperative learning could indicate that some vocal group members might convince others and make errors, especially if group work was not divided to give each member responsibility.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The practice questions were diversified in terms of coverage. This enabled the participants to familiarize with each case and understand how to solve the involved subtraction in each case. The questions also included 2-digit problems as a way to expand the conceptual understanding by the participants. The participants were given the following independent practice questions: Use the number line to solve (a) +8- (-5), (b) – 7 – (-6), (c) 0- (-13), (d) -17 – (-3) and (e) 14 – (-5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 519, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 460, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Participant C had mastered the concept of subtraction using the number line. Participants A, B and D had problems in question (c). We observed that they had similar misconceptions where maybe they thought it was just the same as moving 13 steps from zero, like in number line construction, to obtain -13. Participant D, in addition failed parts (b) and (e) which indicated that probably he had not grasped well the concept of subtraction of negative numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 643, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although the use of the number line had proved helpful in solving subtraction problems, the teacher needed to clarify the difference between number line construction technique (putting signs) and subtraction operation techniques ( Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018) and the need not to confuse the two. Regardless of the error, the use of the number line proved to have assisted", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 50, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "participants A, B and C to master subtraction of negative directed numbers. However, the errors made by participant D highlighted to us that he still had challenges with the concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 433, "height": 32, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 5: Combining subtraction of both positive and negative numbers using number line.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 168, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this activity was to help the participants to use the number line to subtract combined problems on positive and negative directed numbers. As a way of checking whether the participants still recalled the skills, the teacher began the activity by asking the participants to use the number line to work out in pairs the questions such as (−12) − (+3) and (−7) − (−4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 251, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both pairs managed to use the number line to work out the above questions to obtain -15 and -3 respectively. The teacher only gave a few practice questions in this case because the concepts had been previously covered in Activities 3 and 4 and participants had worked in pairs in both cases.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Similar questions were given to work out as individual homework. The questions were (+3) – (−3), (−3) − (+3), (−17) – (−2), (+2) − (+16), and 10 – (−10). This was meant to establish whether the participants had fully mastered the subtraction of directed number skills using the number line or not.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 417, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Participants A and D were unable to work out (−3) − (+3). Participants A and D got 0 and +6 respectively, instead of -6. They failed to apply Rule 1 of consecutive opposite signs, which implied that – (+) = -. This meant the question would be -3-3 to get -6 instead. Participant A got -3 +3 to obtain 0 and participant D repeated the error of assumption and probably thought that (+3) – (−3) and (−3) − (+3) were the same and jumped into conclusion that the answer was 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 562, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective of the set activity was partly achieved. Generally, all the participants could use the number line to subtract directed numbers, except participant D. The participants could now work in groups well and helped each other to subtract directed numbers. However, the use of the number line limited the subtraction to smaller figures which could be represented on the given number line. Subtraction involving bigger figures seemed to render the number line technique useless. The over-reliance on the number line may entail problems especially with large numbers which makes the drawing and labeling time consuming, laborious and monotonous. This then led the researchers to think of another technique which could address the weaknesses of the number line.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "89", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 449, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 6: Subtraction of directed numbers using ‘having money-owing money’ technique.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective in this activity was to assist the participants to subtract directed numbers involving both small and big figures through the ‘having money-owing money technique.’ With this technique, the teacher made use of abstract money since real or concrete money was not available and because all participants were familiar with money in dollars ($) and also familiar with monetary gains and losses as in bookkeeping ( Wessman-Enzinger & Mooney, 2019). Aris, Putri, and Susanti (2017) found out that the use of multimedia such as money helped students to understand addition and subtraction of integers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 240, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher used money which is easier when building on abstract understanding. Firstly, the use of having money-owing money technique in performing the subtraction operation of directed numbers was explained. Using this technique, a positive number represents the money that one has, whereas a negative number represents money that one owes others. Given numbers were interpreted as dollars ($). Using this technique, the rule is that if one has money and owing others at the same time, one has to pay what s/he owes others first even if it does to settle the debt.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For example, 30 – 50 means that I have $30 (+30) and I owe others $50 (-50). This means that by the rules of this technique, I have to use the $30 to pay what I owe others first. I would be able to pay $30 of what I owed someone and I will be left owing $20 which is written in directed number form as -20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 468, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher demonstrated and explained the following second example: Given (+18) – (+7), the first thing was to apply the rules of consecutive signs and get (+18) – 7. This meant that a person had $18 but at the same time owed $7. Thus, one had to pay what was owed to others and would be left with $11, which is the same as +11, in directed number notation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 550, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The following example was also demonstrated: -100 – (-25). The first step was to apply the rule of consecutive signs to get: -100 +25. This now meant, one owes someone $100, but at the same time one has $25. So, one has to pay back the $25 and ends up owing $75 which is the same as -75 in directed number notation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 136, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participants were further given similar guided practice questions, which they answered through dramatization in their pairs after resolving the consecutive rules. For instance, in the first question (+40) - (+50) and after resolving the consecutive signs, the pairs got (+40)- 50. One participant in a pair had $40, but at the same time owed the second participant $50. So, the first participant paid the second participant the $40, and remained owing $10 which is equal to -10 in directed numbers. All the questions were attempted this way and all the participants did well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "90", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective of the activity was achieved. The participants enjoyed the dramatization method of learning. The participants indicated that the having money-owing money technique had the strength of providing real daily life experiences which made it is easier to apply to the concept of subtraction of directed numbers. We observed that in Question 2 for instance, the participants managed to apply the concept that -35-35 was as good as a case in which one owing $35 borrowed some more $35 and ended up owing $70 which is the same as -70. We felt that the participants had grasped the concept of directed numbers well. After the dramatization exercise the participants were given more independent practice questions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 262, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations on independent practice questions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "All the other participants except participant D were able to subtract directed numbers using the technique of having money-owing money (practice questions). Participant D managed to correctly answer three of the six questions. We observed that participant D had probably not thoroughly grasped the money concept and some of the errors could have been emanating from poor subtraction skills or abilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 386, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 457, "height": 218, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The technique of using money was easier to conceptualize because participants already understood money. The technique also was flexible enough to engage learners with difficulties on subtraction of directed numbers during the activity and thus, it could be manipulated to become fully learner-centred and addressed the problems of the participants. The technique also facilitated subtraction of larger numbers with little difficulty. The participants argued that the technique was easier to remember because of its practicality, than other techniques which may promote rote learning as one needs to cram that moving to the left means negative, and to the right means positive. The use of this technique within the strategy of cooperative learning allowed the participants to ‘move away’, on subtraction of directed numbers, from the concrete operation to the abstract one as proposed by Jean Piaget. The conceptualisation stage allowed the setting of higher order questions involving directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 417, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SESSION 3: EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This session was meant to test the effectiveness of the strategy. The teacher was not interested in the test scores of the participants, but instead, the participants’ ability to perform the subtraction operation on directed numbers. The teacher utilized a review assessment task to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy. The participants answered the evaluative test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 32, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "independently. All the concepts involved in the previous activities (1-6) were covered in the test. The test had 10 questions which were to be answered in 45 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 136, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The strategy of cooperative learning was partly effective in solving participants’ failure to subtract directed numbers. Three of the four participants could now subtract directed numbers with little difficulty. Participants A, B and C proved to have fully mastered the concept of subtraction of directed numbers through the use of cooperative learning strategy. Participant D seemed not to have mastered the concept, particularly with the use of the number line. Although in group work, the pair seemed to do well, it could then be argued that the performance of participant D could be attributed to participant B’s mastery. In this case, it can then be concluded that the use of cooperative learning strategy failed to reflect participant D’s failure, as it remained covered by B’s contribution to pair work.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 322, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 457, "height": 280, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The errors initially made by the other participants were remedied by the use of the cooperative learning strategy. The implementation of the strategy was logically sequenced which facilitated concept development. In implementing the strategy, the teacher also incorporated media which made it easier to explain the abstract concepts. The strategy utilized varied activity approaches including dramatization. The use of varied techniques enabled the teacher to keep the participants motivated and engaged. The strategy was more learner-centred and kept engaging the learners in activities. This gave participants ownership of their own learning and they were responsible of their success. Apart from contributing to participants’ mastery of the subtraction concept, the strategy also promoted other social skills such as team- work and good communication skills. However, the use of this strategy may fail to achieve the intended results when group members are not comfortable working together. In this case the group members may work in competition and not collaboratively, which we suspect was the case for pair 2 and minimal peer learning would thus take place. This could explain the case for participant D’s failure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Failure by participant D to compute most of the subtraction problems in Cycle 2 indicated to us that the cooperative strategy had failed to successfully solve the participant’s failure to subtract directed numbers. The researchers felt that the teacher could not leave the participant with the problem unsolved. They then considered proceeding to Cycle2 with participant D using the Counters Model as the new intervention strategy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cycle 2: Plan of action", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The plan of action for Cycle 2 had two sessions. The first session was the implementation of the counters model as the intervention strategy. In the second session the researchers evaluated the effectiveness of the counters strategy in solving the participant’s failure to solve directed numbers. The two-colour counters strategy was to be used. The plan of action for the teacher is detailed in the table below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 200, "width": 439, "height": 99, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3: Cycle 2- Plan of action CYCLE 2 Sub Research question Session Activities Data generating tools 1. How can I use the counters model/ strategy to solve students’ failure to subtract directed numbers? Session 1: Implementing the intervention strategy", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 244, "width": 444, "height": 172, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Activity 1: Using the counters model to subtract positive directed numbers. Exercises, observation check lists Activity 2: Using the counters model to subtract negative numbers Exercises, observation check lists Activity 3: Using the counters model to subtract both positive and negative numbers. Exercises, observation check lists 2. How effective is the counters strategy in solving the Form 2 pupils’ subtraction problems? Session 2: Effectiveness of strategy Review assessment task on subtraction of directed numbers.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 417, "top": 361, "width": 20, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Test", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 440, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cycle had two sessions: implementation of intervention strategy and effectiveness of strategy. The implementation of intervention strategy had three activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Session 1: Implementation of intervention strategy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 502, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This details the implementation of the counters model as an alternative to the cooperative learning strategy that was used in the previous cycle. The researchers chose the counters model because it utilizes counters of different colours which help to motivate and maintain the interest of the participants. The session began with a plan as detailed below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher intended to implement the counters model with one participant who had failed to subtract directed numbers. The teacher planned to use an exercise and observation checklist to record the responses to the activities done by the participant. It was intended to use a variety of instructional methods which are more participant-centred. When implementing the counters model, the teacher intended to have the first activity concerned with subtraction of positive directed numbers and the second activity would be on subtraction of negative directed numbers. The last activity in this session would be on subtraction of both positive and negative directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 391, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACTIVITY 1: Using the counters model to subtract positive directed numbers.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 95, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this activity was to assist the participant to subtract positive directed numbers using two-colour counters. The teacher assumed that the participant knew positive and negative numbers. She began the activity by explaining the two-colour counters model (Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018; Sen, Tengah, Shahrill & Leong, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 178, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When using two-colour counters to represent directed numbers, the blue counters represent positive and red counters represent negative numbers. It is important to note that there is a difference between negative and minus. Positive and negative signify the sign of the directed number. Plus or minus signify whether one has to add (plus) or subtract (minus). In this model, one should think of subtraction as take away, which means actual removal of things. ‘Take away’ also means one does not present both numbers of the subtraction question, only the first number.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 322, "width": 398, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For example, to work out 9 - (+3) using counters may be demonstrated as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both 9 and 3 are positive. Remember when performing subtraction operation, one represents only the first number. From this example only 9 counters are presented and they represent 9 positive numbers. The question requires that one takes away 3 positive counters. Since the 9 counters are positive, then one simply takes away the 3 counters, indicated by cancelled counters to remain with 6 positive counters (= +6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To subtract the (+3) from -5 using the counters model, one needs to also familiarize with the technique of obtaining zeros (0) as a neutral intervention as demonstrated by (Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018) where available counters cannot satisfy the required subtraction operation. With this technique, the addition of a positive counter and a negative counter at the same time, gives a neutral (zero) result, but would allow one to perform the required subtraction operation. This technique is also applied where the available counters are not adequate to perform the required subtraction operation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 627, "width": 364, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the example -5 – (+3), one starts with 5 negative counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 702, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The question requires the teacher to subtract 3 positive counters, which she does not have. In this case she brings the 3 sets of neutral counters, that is, the zero counters. She adds an equivalent number of both positive and negative counters as a way of bringing the required", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 50, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "positive counters to picture and enables the subtraction operation to be performed. The number of the required counters should always be matched with the number of the neutralizing counters, such that the overall effect of adding the counters will be zero. This is done as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 192, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the above illustration, the teacher now has the 3 positive counters to take away and this will be done by cancelling the counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 288, "width": 351, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case the remaining 8 negative counters is the answer, which is -8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher also demonstrated and explained the use of the counters in the problem of (+2) – (+6). In this case she started with 2 positive counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "But she was required to subtract 6 positive counters and had only 2 positive counters. This means she should add 4 zero sets as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 480, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Now she could subtract the 6 positive ones as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 555, "width": 420, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Her answer is the remaining counters with their respective sign, that is, negative 4 = -4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 585, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatively, given (+2) – (+6), one could then add the 6 zero sets as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 660, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the above, one can now subtract the 6 positive counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One remains with 2 positive counters and 6 negative counters. Recalling from the zero set, the combination of a positive and negative counter gives a zero result. So, the 2 positive counters will cancel out with two negative counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 190, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thus, the final answer is -4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher then gave the participant guided-practice questions and the results were as follows: For 8 – 11, the participant failed to utilise the concept of adding zero set while for 0-5 the participant was confused by starting with no counters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 273, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 294, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It was observed that the participant failed in the parts stated above because he could not apply the zero-set effect to these problems to enable the subtraction to be performed. We noted that the teacher needed to give more practice questions incorporating the ‘zero-set.’", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At first, we thought the counters model would be too difficult for the participant to comprehend. We were surprised to notice that the participant could work with little difficult than expected. The model incorporates a diversified range of skills, which promotes development of critical and logical thinking in subtraction of directed numbers. The counters model had also been used, with successful results, by (Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018). Our participant showed in this study that he had grasped the concept of subtraction using counters but needed further practice to ensure that the errors would be eliminated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 392, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACTIVITY 2: Using the counters model to subtract negative directed numbers.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective in this activity was to assist the participant to subtract negative directed numbers. The teacher began the activity by demonstrating how she could use the counters to solve -8 – (-3). She started with 8 negative counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 668, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From these counters, one should take away 3 negative counters. The teacher showed this by cancelling the 3 negative counters as shown below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 76, "width": 421, "height": 31, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The answer was represented by the remaining non-cancelled 5 negative counters, = - 5. The participant also demonstrated using counters (-2) – (-6) on a worksheet:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 133, "width": 290, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participant started with 2 negative counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 154, "width": 265, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From which 6 negative counters should be subtracted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 175, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participant then applied 6 zero sets to obtain the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 281, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This then allowed the participant to subtract the 6 negative counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 346, "width": 456, "height": 53, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participant then remained with 2 negative counters and 6 positive counters. The participant went on to apply the zero-set effect, so that the 2 negative counters cancelled out with 2 positive counters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 463, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thus, the answer was 4 as indicated by the 4 positive counters remaining.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 484, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The teacher requested the participant to demonstrate on the chalk board what would happen in case of 6 – (-1) of which the participant did well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 525, "width": 457, "height": 115, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From this demonstration, the teacher noticed that the participant had grasped the concept of counters and she had to move away from demonstrating the examples herself but shift to a participant-centred approach. In this case the participant was doing much of the demonstrations and practice which would maximise the participant’s interest and motivation. This allowed the teacher more time to observe the participant’s activities and guide him immediately when a misconception or error occurred.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 457, "height": 32, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After more participant-centered demonstrations which were well done, the teacher then gave the participant some five independent practice questions. These were all well done as well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 691, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 712, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results indicate that the participant could now solve subtraction of directed numbers using the counters. We observed that the participant enjoyed the counters strategy in solving subtraction of directed numbers. His participation had significantly increased. The participant", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 457, "height": 32, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "enjoyed working with colourful counters. The participant indicated that using different coloured objects was easier to visualize what would be happening, unlike with similar objects.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 136, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The above results indicated to us that the teacher had underestimated the participant’s ability to comprehend the counters model. Initially, she thought this would be very difficult to the participant, such that she incorporated it with skepticism.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACTIVITY 3: Solving subtraction problems involving both positive and negative directed numbers.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this activity was to assist the participant to solve subtraction problems involving both positive and negative directed numbers. Results from the previous activity highlighted that the participant had mastered the concept of using counters to subtract directed numbers, such that in this activity the teacher began by giving the following questions as guided practice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 351, "width": 414, "height": 13, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Participant’s results on the use of counters to solve guided practice questions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 374, "width": 359, "height": 137, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Question Expected answer Same result 1. Use the counters to indicate which subtraction statements have the same results. a) (+9) – (+5) +4  b) (-4) – (-9) +5  c) (+7)- (+2) +5  d) (+2) – (-3) +5  e) (-4) – (+1) -5  f) (-3) – (-2) -1 ", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 514, "width": 114, "height": 18, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key:  - same result", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 514, "width": 99, "height": 18, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " - not same result", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 575, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participant managed to use the counters model to obtain the above responses. The participant then indicated that only b), c) and d) had the same answer of +5. The participant managed to use counters to obtain the answers. He then compared the answers and indicated similar ones. The process was only possible with the correct use of counters otherwise failure would result in wrong answers and wrong decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 679, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 699, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "More questions which ranged from single digit to 2-digit numbers were given and this allowed the teacher to check if the participant could apply the concept to higher order questions. Since in these sessions, only one participant was involved, the easy grasp of the concept can be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 31, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "attributed to the benefits of one-on-one instruction method. Working with one participant enabled the teacher to address the areas of misconceptions as they arose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 286, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SESSION 2: EFFECTIVENESS OF THE STRATEGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This session was an evaluative one. The purpose was to assess the effectiveness of the counters model to solve the participant’s failure to subtract directed numbers. The teacher used a review assessment test with 10 questions, covering concepts in Activities 1-3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 210, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 230, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The participant managed to solve all the questions on subtraction of directed numbers using the counters model as the teacher expected. The results indicated that the strategy was effective in solving the participant’s failure to subtract directed numbers. The participant’s ability to solve both single and two-digit problems also indicated mastery of the concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 313, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 331, "width": 457, "height": 283, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The strategy was effective in solving the participant’s failure to solve subtraction of directed numbers. The use of two-colour counters helped to maintain the participant’s interest and motivation because the participant generally liked colourful objects. The success of the strategy can also be attributed to the fact that the participant already had an appreciation of the background information, which allowed the teacher to start at the implementation stage of the counters. The ‘zero-sets’ was another mathematically important concept, whose use enables understanding in other mathematical concepts such as equations and algebra (Sahat, Tengah & Prahmana, 2018; Sen, Tengah, Shahrill & Leong, 2017). However, the use of the counters was limited to smaller values that could only be represented by counters without the work being clumsy and tedious. This was difficult for the teacher to explain to the participant, and hence she deliberately left such questions. Also, the use of counters entailed concrete objects, which could possibly make it difficult to shift to abstract and conceptual understating of the concept. The strategy was more effective than we had initially thought it would be, considering that the participant was now working without peers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Summary", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The section began by detailing the plan of action which comprise two cycles. Cycle 1 had three sessions namely: structured interview, implementation of cooperative strategy and evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategy. The sessions addressed the four research questions in this action research. Cycle 1 had four participants and three of these had their problem solved by the cooperative learning strategy. Cycle 2 had one participant. The cycle had two sessions namely: implementation of counters model and evaluation of the effectiveness of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 457, "height": 76, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the strategy. The strategy managed to solve the participant’s failure to subtract directed numbers, beyond the teacher’s expectation. Since all the participants’ problems had been solved, Session Two of Cycle 2 brought the research to the end of Section 2. In the next section, overall findings and reflections will be highlighted and discussed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 245, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SECTION 3: POST-INTERVENTION PHASE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 187, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This section focuses on presenting the overall findings and reflections. Opportunities and limitations which were experienced are also discussed. Summary, concluding thoughts and recommendations sum up the section.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 270, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Overall findings and observations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A summary of the students’ errors with regards to subtraction of directed numbers were noted and some are listed as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 332, "width": 375, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Incorrectly identifying positive and negative numbers on the number line", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 353, "width": 451, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Not observing and not correctly using the subtraction rules, -(+) = -, +(-) = -, and -(-) = +", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 374, "width": 375, "height": 11, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Failure to distinguish – as an operation and – as a sign of a given number", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 392, "width": 418, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Failure to correctly apply the ‘zero-set effect’ when using the two-colour counters", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 415, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Failure to do the subtraction itself or the arithmetical computations, either mentally or by use of media.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 457, "width": 457, "height": 301, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One major finding of this research was the need for the researchers to be flexible enough to be able to use action research to solve some of the classroom problems as mentioned earlier. This entails us becoming ‘teacher-researchers.’ In this case one would enhance one’s teaching practices. The research also highlighted to us that when using the explicit strategy in the teaching practice, the teacher would be probably assuming that the learners were empty vessels, which proved not true from the sessions conducted. This also highlighted the need to move away from teacher-centred strategies to learner-centred ones as was reflected in the results. We also observed the importance of first establishing the learners’ abilities. We observed that the teacher should not just rely on assumed knowledge of the syllabus but should be creative and innovative. We also noted that the syllabus assumed an all-abilities class which is not what was actually experienced in practice. In addition, we needed to logically sequence concept development starting with what the learners know (known to the unknown approach) and the use of real-life examples and concrete objects proved helpful. The use of media and colourful objects had positive learning effects. Furthermore, we observed that the learners were bored and not motivated to sit and listen to the teacher always, yet we thought the teacher’s thorough", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "explanations would lead to learning. We observed that peer learning was more effective, instead. In the research we also found out that the teacher was not giving the learners adequate time to practice, which exacerbated the problems encountered in Mathematics. We noted that the use of the ‘counters strategy’ was enhanced by the use of ‘one-on-one’ to promote learning to take place.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 179, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reflections", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One of the major observations was that the teacher constantly checked with her learners to reflect on her practices. The teacher herself had this to say:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 241, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I was surprised to note that I had poor presentation skills, as I used to mix several concepts at one goal. I then attributed part of the learners’ failure to myself. This was very important as I could tell this myself.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 457, "height": 218, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The instruments used to collect information were effective because all the research questions were answered. For instance, the interview allowed the researchers to understand the reasons behind the failure, which would then need to be addressed. The placement of the interview in the first session allowed the logical sequencing of the subsequent sessions. The use of a structured interview enabled key issues to be considered and to ensure consistence of questions asked and responses obtained. The interview highlighted issues that maybe the teacher had never thought of, for example, the use of varied teaching approaches as well as the need to give adequate practice time. The participants’ failures in one session were addressed in the subsequent sessions. However, the use of structured interview could be argued to limit the respondents to the covered questions only. This means that any responses outside the scope of the questions could be deemed useless.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 520, "width": 457, "height": 156, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research also reflected the importance of incorporating media and different models in the teaching and learning process as also previously highlighted (Aris, Putri, & Susanti, 2017; Sen, Tengah, Shahrill & Leong, 2017; Steward, n.d.). These allowed the participants to visualize the concept and thus making understanding easier. The use of real objects such as money made it easier to graduate the learners from concrete objects to conceptual and abstract understanding. However, the counters and the number line had limitations on the shift from concrete to abstract, as the learner is supposed to make imaginations, which becomes difficult to teach and learn.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 686, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The strategies and techniques used could only utilize integers neglecting the fact that the concept of subtraction of directed numbers is also applicable to fractions and decimals. The media used could not allow the demonstration of such and the teacher left such concepts. The strategies only covered the arithmetic part of the directed numbers and neglected the algebraic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 40, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Solving Form Two Students’ Failure to Subtract Directed Numbers…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 453, "height": 32, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "part where the concept of directed numbers is also applicable (Steward, n.d., Wessman- Enzinger, & Mooney, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results from the counters strategy indicated that the teacher needed to move away from assuming that certain techniques will not be comprehended by the learners. The teacher had initially thought the counters model would be too difficult for the learners, but however, the results indicated otherwise.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 456, "height": 53, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ability of this action research to solve the participants’ problems reflected to us the need and the importance of going beyond the classroom limits to solve teaching and learning problems. In turn, this enhances teaching practices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 260, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results from the cooperative learning strategy and the counters model highlighted to us the importance and benefits of varied approaches to the teaching and learning process. The cooperative learning strategy highlighted the possibility of enhanced learning through group and peer learning. The use of one-on-one approach during the implementation of the counters model indicated the importance of utilizing such techniques, especially in remediation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 460, "height": 73, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the first cycle, the teacher gave all the four participants the same tasks because at the beginning she noticed that the participants had a common problem. However, at the end of Cycle 1 participant D emerged to have more serious problems than the other participants. It was apparent that the teacher needed to consider individual differences in the intervention activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 447, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research highlights a lot of lessons about teaching practices and the teacher- researchers, in this particular case, will be helped and challenged to continuously improve their own practices and enhance their professional development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 509, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limitations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 530, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although the students’ failure to subtract directed numbers were solved in this research, there were some limitations which could threaten the trustworthiness of the results. One major limitation was that of time. The time to meet with the participants was limited due to their packed timetable. Normally, for the purposes of this research, the researchers met the participants after 1600 hours, for an average time of one hour. At this hour, the participants would already be tired after a long day, notwithstanding that most learners prefer learning mathematics in the morning. At the end of the day the participants would have minimum concentration. Different results could be yielded if the research was to be done during the early hours of the day where learner participation is expected to be at maximum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 716, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One of the participants in this research was a day scholar, coming from a distant village, which forced the teacher to rush in her activities so that she could release the participant on time, to allow the student time to safely walk home. Another limitation was that the researchers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Linear: Journal of Mathematics Education Volume 4 (1), Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 31, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "had to conduct the research at the same time carrying out other duties elsewhere, and so had to budget time and resources, among other things.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 457, "height": 155, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this action research was to solve Form 2 students’ failure to subtract directed numbers. The study had two cycles. Cycle 1 had three sessions and four participants. In cycle 1 the teacher utilized the cooperative learning strategy together with the number line and the having-money-owing money techniques. Using this strategy, three participants managed to grasp the concept of subtraction of directed numbers. Cycle 2 had the one participant who had failed to grasp the concept using the cooperative strategy. The cycle had two sessions and utilized the counters model/ strategy. The strategy was effective in solving the participant’s failure to subtract directed numbers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 313, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As indicated from the reflections and limitations, the study can be extended to incorporate fractions, decimals and algebraic expressions for it to cover other important and examinable areas. We feel convinced that our research study is an eye-opener for further study by other researchers who may experience similar computational problems with directed numbers among the learners in different contexts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amini, M. Helmanto, F. & Hidayat A. (2020). Number lines in learning mathematic integer at the upper level. Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), pp. 19-25.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 495, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 29, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aris, R.M., Putri, R.I.I., & Susanti, E. (2017). Design Study: Integer Subtraction Operation Teaching Learning using Multimedia in Primary School. 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University of Georgia. http://www.uwyo.edu/wisdome/_files/documents/Ulrich.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 609, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 30, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wessman-Enzinger, N. M. & Mooney, E.S., (2019). \"Conceptual Models for Integer Addition and Subtraction\" Faculty Publications - School of Education. 247. https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/soe_faculty/247", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 92, "top": 40, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rekaracana", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 40, "width": 451, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© Jurusan Teknik Sipil Itenas | . Juni 2016 2 No. | 2 Vol Jurnal Online Institut Teknologi Nasional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 266, "top": 714, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 04 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 106, "width": 390, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 181, "width": 248, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "GUNGUN GUNAWAN 1 , PRIYANTO SAELAN. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 207, "width": 368, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Mahasiswa, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 235, "width": 345, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Dosen, Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 288, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 307, "width": 376, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penentuan proporsi pasir pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI hanya digunakan untuk mencapai nilai slump yang direncanakan dan tidak mempengaruhi kuat tekan beton. Mengingat kuat tekan beton pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI hanya dipengaruhi faktor air-semen saja. Jika kuat tekan beton pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI dianalisis menggunakan cara Dreux Gorisse, maka kuat tekan yang direncanakan berpeluang tidak tercapai. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena berdasarkan rumus Drex Gorisse, kuat tekan beton tidak hanya ditentukan oleh factor semen-air, tetapi juga oleh volume pasir dan rasio volume pasir terhadap volume agregat gabungan. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kuat tekan beton dicapai pada pasir dengan modulus kehalusan antara 2,5 dan 3,0.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 457, "width": 313, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : SNI, Dreux Gorisse, modulus kehalusan, proporsi pasir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 482, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 501, "width": 376, "height": 125, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Determination of sand proportion in concrete mix design by SNI methode only used to achieve the design slump and does not affect the compressive strength of concrete. Consider of the compressive strength of concrete at mix design by SNI methode only influenced by water-cement ratio. If the compressive strength of concrete at mix design by SNI methode analized by Dreux Gorisse methode, the compressive strength will not be achieved. This happen because on Dreux Gorrise methode, the compressive strength of concrete is not only determined by water- cement ratio, but also sand volume and ratio of sand volume to total aggregate volume. The test results in this research show that the compressive strength of concrete is achieved by sand with fineness modulus between 2,5 and 3,0.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 638, "width": 320, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: SNI, Dreux Gorisse, finenesse modulus, sand proportion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 714, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 05 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 257, "top": 80, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 105, "width": 430, "height": 125, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI mengungkapkan bahwa kuat tekan beton hanya ditentukan oleh rasio berat air terhadap berat semen. Sementara itu kelecakan campuran beton pada cara SNI ditentukan oleh jumlah air yang digunakan dalam 1 m 3 campuran beton sesuai dengan ukuran maksimum butiran agregat yang digunakan. Proporsi pasir dari total agregat (agregat halus dan agregat kasar) pada cara SNI ditentukan oleh nilai faktor air- semen, kelecakan (nilai slump) yang direncanakan, ukuran maksimum agregat, dan modulus kehalusan pasir. Mengingat kuat tekan beton pada perancangan campuran cara SNI hanya ditentukan oleh faktor air-semen, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penentuan proporsi pasir dalam agregat gabungan hanya dirancang untuk mencapai kelecakan (nilai slump) campuran yang direncanakan, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton yang akan dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 241, "width": 429, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika perancangan campuran beton cara SNI ini dikaji peluang ketercapaian kuat tekannya menggunakan rumus Dreux Gorisse, maka kuat tekan yang direncanakan berpeluang tidak tercapai. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena berdasarkan rumus Dreux Gorisse, kuat tekan beton tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor air-semen (pada rumus Dreux dinyatakan dalam faktor semen- air), juga ditentukan oleh volume pasir yang digunakan dalam 1 m 3 beton dan rasio volume pasir terhadap volume agregat gabungan (proporsi pasir dalam agregat gabungan). Memperhatikan peluang ketidaktercapaian kuat tekan beton yang dirancang dengan cara SNI, maka diperlukan penelitian untuk meninjau cara penentuan proporsi pasir dalam agregat gabungan pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 245, "top": 367, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 391, "width": 356, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1 Perancangan Campuran Beton dengan Cara SNI 03-2834-2002", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 403, "width": 429, "height": 63, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Cara SNI 03-2834-2002 menjelaskan persyaratan teknis perancangan proporsi campuran beton untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu acuan bagi para perencana dan pelaksanaan dalam merencanakan proporsi campuran beton untuk menghasilkan mutu beton sesuai dengan rencana. Rumusan perancangan campuran beton dapat dinyatakan dengan Persamaan 1 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 478, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= + 1,64 . ... (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 503, "width": 340, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dimana: = kuat tekan beton rata-rata yang ditargetkan umur 28 hari (MPa); = kuat tekan beton yang disyaratkan umur 28 hari (MPa);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 541, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= deviasi standar rencana (MPa).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 565, "width": 271, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2 Pengaruh Agregat Terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 577, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metoda Dreux Groisse dikembangkan di Perancis pada tahun 1979 dan didasarkan pada teori Bolomey dalam merumuskan kuat tekan beton. Rumusan perancangan campuran beton dapat dinyatakan dengan Persamaan 2 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 629, "width": 251, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= . . − 0,5 ... (2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 645, "width": 431, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "halmana: = kuat tekan silinder beton berdiameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm pada umur 28 hari (MPa); = kekuatan tekan mortar semen umur 28 hari (MPa);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 683, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= faktor granular (0,35-0,65);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 697, "width": 194, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= rasio berat semen terhadap berat air.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 715, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 06 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 93, "width": 430, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Besar faktor granular ( ) berdasarkan persamaan Thesia (2013) dinyatakan dalam Persamaan 3 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 123, "width": 232, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= . ... (3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 137, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "halmana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 155, "width": 257, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= konstanta yang nilainya diberikan pada Tabel 1 ; = volume pasir dalam 1 m beton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 188, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai untuk 0,4 < <0,6 (Sumber: Thesia, 2013)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 206, "width": 158, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No / 1. ≤ 0,26 3 2. 0,26 – 0,29 2 3. 0,29 – 0,39 1,8 4. 0,39 – 0,43 1,5 5. 0,43 – 0,49 1,8 6. ≥ 0,50 1,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 310, "width": 430, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian Maryanti (2004) membuktikan bahwa faktor granular ( ) dipengaruhi oleh gradasi agregat kasar. Pengaruh gradasi agregat kasar terhadap faktor granular diperlihatkan pada Gambar 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 519, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Relasi faktor koreksi ( ) dengan modulus kehalusan ( )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 543, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Modulus kehalusan agregat kasar oleh Maryanti didefinisikan pada Persamaan 4 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 579, "width": 343, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= ∑ % ...(4)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 608, "width": 430, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian Thesia dan Maryanti dapat disimpulkan bahwa volume pasir, proporsi pasir dalam agregat gabungan, dan gradasi agregat kasar sangat berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 657, "width": 431, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.3 Kajian Mengenai Pengaruh Proporsi Pasir yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI Terhadap Ketercapaian Kuat Tekan Beton", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 682, "width": 430, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mengingat perancangan campuran beton cara SNI berpeluang tidak tercapai jika dikaji menggunakan rumus Dreux Gorisse. Hal ini terjadi karena berdasarkan rumus Dreux Gorisse,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 714, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 07 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 430, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kuat tekan beton tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor air-semen. Kuat tekan beton pada rumus Dreux Gorisse ditentukan oleh volume pasir yang digunakan dalam 1 m 3 beton dan rasio volume pasir terhadap volume agregat gabungan (proporsi pasir dalam agregat gabungan). Kajian mengenai peluang ketercapaian kuat tekan beton yang komposisi bahannya dirancang dengan cara SNI dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil kuat tekan yang direncanakan menurut SNI dengan kuat tekan prediksi yang dihitung berdasarkan cara Dreux terhadap komposisi bahan dalam rancangan campuran tersebut disajikan pada Tabel 2 dan Tabel 3 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 173, "width": 373, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa, Slump 30 - 60 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 210, "width": 413, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bahan 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Semen (kg) 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 Pasir Berat (kg) 421,75 491,69 578,98 727,01 883,25 Volume (m 3 ) 0,164 0,192 0,226 0,284 0,344 Batu pecah (maks. 20 mm) Berat (kg) 1335,55 1264,35 1175,50 1024,82 865,76 Volume (m 3 ) 0,512 0,484 0,450 0,393 0,332 Air (kg) 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Rencana (MPa) SNI 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Dreux 27,60 29,21 29,50 29,86 27,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 365, "width": 373, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa, Slump 60 - 180 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 402, "width": 411, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bahan 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Semen (kg) 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 Pasir Berat (kg) 457,40 533,20 634,08 793,37 960,47 Volume (m 3 ) 0,178 0,208 0,247 0,309 0,375 Batu pecah (maks. 20 mm) Berat (kg) 1236,66 1159,50 1056,81 894,66 724,56 Volume (m 3 ) 0,474 0,444 0,405 0,343 0,278 Air (kg) 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Rencana (MPa) SNI 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Dreux 27,76 28,68 29,38 26,26 25,83", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 564, "width": 430, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan membandingkan kuat tekan beton yang dirancang menggunakan cara SNI terhadap kuat tekan beton untuk komposisi tersebut yang diprediksi dengan cara Dreux seperti pada Tabel 2 dan Tabel 3 , dapat diduga bahwa peluang ketercapaian kuat tekan beton yang dirancang dengan cara SNI untuk slump rencana 30–60 mm tercapai pada pasir dengan modulus kehalusan 2,0, 2,5, dan 3,0, sedangkan untuk slump 60–180 mm peluang ketercapaian kuat tekan beton terjadi pada pasir dengan modulus kehalusan 2,5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 651, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peluang ketercapaian ini didapat karena proporsi pasir yang ditentukan dalam cara SNI menghasilkan nilai yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai kuat tekan yang direncanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 687, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh karena itu agar dalam cara SNI penentuan proporsi pasir menggunakan grafik SNI masih tetap dapat digunakan dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton, maka diperlukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 715, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 08 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 430, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "suatu koreksi terhadap nilai kuat tekan rencana sehingga kuat tekan yang dirancang dapat dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 116, "width": 430, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketercapaian kuat tekan beton yang dirancang dilakukan dengan cara mengajukan suatu faktor koreksi dengan mempertimbangkan kuat tekan prediksi cara Dreux. Mempertimbangkan hasil kuat tekan prediksi cara Dreux yang selalu lebih kecil dari kuat tekan rencana, maka faktor koreksi dapat dirumuskan pada Persamaan 5 yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 177, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= . ...(5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 206, "width": 193, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "halmana: = kuat tekan yang ditingkatkan (MPa) = kuat tekan yang ditargetkan (MPa) = faktor koreksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 257, "width": 265, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "faktor koreksi yang diajukan adalah: = 1,10 untuk modulus kehalusan pasir ( ) 1,5 – 2,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 282, "width": 250, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= 1,15 untuk modulus kehalusan pasir ( ) 3,0-3,5", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 295, "width": 350, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan menggunakan Persamaan 5 nilai kuat tekan rencana ditingkatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 313, "width": 411, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil prediksi kuat tekan yang dirancang dengan cara SNI menggunakan kuat tekan sebagai dasar perancangan, disajikan pada Tabel 4 dan Tabel 5 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 350, "width": 395, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa, Slump 30 - 60 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD (Kuat Tekan Ditingkatkan) Bahan 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Semen (kg) 385,40 385,40 385,40 385,40 385,40 Pasir Berat (kg) 416,42 485,48 571,66 717,82 872,10 Volume (m 3 ) 0,162 0,189 0,223 0,280 0,340 Batu pecah (maks. 20 mm) Berat (kg) 1318,68 1248,38 1160,65 1011,87 854,83 Volume (m 3 ) 0,505 0,478 0,445 0,388 0,328 Air (kg) 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 Kuat tekan target (MPa) 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Kuat tekan yang ditingkatkan ( ) SNI (MPa) 33,00 33,00 33,00 33,00 33,00 Kuat tekan prediksi Dreux (MPa) 31,02 32,47 32,33 32,46 30,49", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 714, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 9 0 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 80, "width": 373, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 5. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 91, "width": 394, "height": 206, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Slump 60 - 180 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD (Kuat Tekan Ditingkatkan) Bahan 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Semen (kg) 415,82 415,82 415,82 427,08 427,08 Pasir Berat (kg) 450,93 525,67 625,12 777,82 941,63 Volume (m 3 ) 0,176 0,205 0,244 0,303 0,367 Batu pecah (maks. 20 mm) Berat (kg) 1219,19 1143,12 1041,87 877,11 710,35 Volume (m 3 ) 0,467 0,438 0,399 0,336 0,272 Air (kg) 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 Kuat tekan target (MPa) 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Kuat tekan yang ditingkatkan ( ) SNI (MPa) 33,00 33,00 33,00 34,50 34,50 Kuat tekan prediksi Dreux (MPa) 30,39 31,64 32,21 30,13 29,28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 241, "top": 314, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 337, "width": 124, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1 Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 356, "width": 275, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode untuk penelitian ini di perlihatkan pada Gambar 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 386, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mulai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 423, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kaji Literatur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 461, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hipotesa/Gagasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 501, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian/percobaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 510, "width": 117, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pemeriksaan sifat fisik agregat b. Komposisi bahan campuran beton", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 247, "top": 528, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Membuat benda uji", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 247, "top": 536, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Pengujian kuat tekan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 578, "width": 174, "height": 120, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menganalisis data hasil pengujian Kesimpulan Selesai Gambar 2. Prosedur kerja penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 715, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 10 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2 Pemeriksaan Agregat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 93, "width": 385, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pemeriksaan sifat fisik agregat halus dan agregat kasar tertera pada Tabel 6 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 116, "width": 405, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Pemeriksaan Sifat Fisik Agregat Parameter Agregat Kasar Agregat Halus Berat jenis kondisi SSD 2,525 2,431 Berat jenis kondisi kering udara 2,61 2,564 Modulus kehalusan ( ) (%) - 1,5 – 3,5 Kadar air kondisi SSD (%) 3,52 5,15 Kadar air kondisi kering udara (%) 2,3 1,1 Berat isi (gram/cm 3 ) 1,54 1,765 Kadar lumpur (%) 3,8 6,4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 246, "width": 400, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.3 Perancangan Campuran Beton untuk Pembuatan Benda Uji Cara Dreux", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 258, "width": 337, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil perhitungan komposisi bahan disajikan pada Tabel 7 dan Tabel 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 282, "width": 373, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 7. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa, Slump 30 - 60 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 305, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Duplikat dari Tabel 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 408, "height": 139, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bahan 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Semen (kg) 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 Pasir Berat (kg) 421,75 491,69 578,98 727,01 883,25 Volume (m 3 ) 0,164 0,192 0,226 0,284 0,344 Batu pecah Berat (kg) 1335,55 1264,35 1175,50 1024,82 865,76 Volume (m 3 ) 0,512 0,484 0,450 0,393 0,332 Air (kg) 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 Kuat Tekan Rencana (MPa) SNI 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Dreux 27,60 29,21 29,50 29,86 27,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 483, "width": 373, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 8. Komposisi Bahan dalam 1 m 3 Beton yang Dirancang dengan Cara SNI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 494, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "untuk Kuat Tekan Target 30 MPa, Slump 60 - 180 mm, Kondisi Agregat SSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 506, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Duplikat dari Tabel 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 532, "width": 408, "height": 139, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bahan 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 Semen (kg) 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 Pasir Berat (kg) 457,40 533,20 634,08 793,37 960,47 Volume (m 3 ) 0,178 0,208 0,247 0,309 0,375 Batu pecah Berat (kg) 1236,66 1159,50 1056,81 894,66 724,56 Volume (m 3 ) 0,474 0,444 0,405 0,343 0,278 Air (kg) 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 Kuat Tekan Rencana (MPa) SNI 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Dreux 27,76 28,68 29,38 26,26 25,83", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 714, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 11 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 196, "top": 80, "width": 223, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 104, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1 Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 116, "width": 430, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton untuk kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa dengan nilai slump 30-60 mm dan slump 60-180 mm disajikan pada Tabel 9 dan Tabel 10 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 150, "width": 422, "height": 144, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Tekan dengan Kuat Tekan Rencana 30 MPa dan Nilai Slump 30-60 mm Bahan Campuran Beton 1 2 3 4 5 D at a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 439, "height": 232, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semen (kg) 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 358,49 Pasir (kg) Ukuran 2,4 mm 0,00 0,00 0,00 181,75 353,30 Ukuran 1,2 mm 0,00 0,00 144,74 181,75 132,49 Ukuran 0,6 mm 0,00 245,85 144,74 0,00 132,49 Ukuran 0,3 mm 210,88 0,00 144,74 181,75 132,49 Ukuran 0,15 mm 210,88 245,85 144,74 181,75 132,49 Batu Pecah Ukuran 5-10 mm 440,73 417,24 387,92 338,19 285,70 Ukuran 10-20 mm 894,82 847,12 787,59 686,63 580,06 Air (Agregat Kering Udara) (kg) 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 Air Bebas (Agregat SSD) (kg) 162,62 160,94 158,82 155,20 151,35 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Slump Rencana mm 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 H as il Pe ng uj ia n Slump Aktual mm 30 30 40 35 15 Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI (MPa) 36,15 36,68 36,68 39,19 40,26 Kuat Tekan Aktual Rata-rata Umur 21 hari MPa 19,39 29,10 35,07 33,82 31,43 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual umur 28 hari MPa 20,41 30,63 36,92 35,60 33,09", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 445, "width": 430, "height": 134, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 10. Hasil Uji Tekan dengan Kuat Tekan Rencana 30 MPa dan Nilai Slump 60-180 mm Bahan Campuran Beton 6 7 8 9 10 D at a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 494, "width": 443, "height": 208, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semen (kg) 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 386,79 Pasir (kg) Ukuran 2,4 mm 0,00 0,00 0,00 198,34 384,19 Ukuran 1,2 mm 0,00 0,00 158,52 198,34 144,07 Ukuran 0,6 mm 0,00 266,60 158,52 0,00 144,07 Ukuran 0,3 mm 228,70 0,00 158,52 198,34 144,07 Ukuran 0,15 mm 228,70 266,60 158,52 198,34 144,07 Batu Pecah Ukuran 5-10 mm 408,10 382,63 348,75 295,24 239,11 Ukuran 10-20 mm 828,56 776,86 708,06 599,42 485,46 Air (Agregat Kering Udara) (kg) 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 Air Bebas (Agregat SSD) (kg) 193,16 193,91 194,90 196,47 198,10 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Slump Rencana mm 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 H as il Pe ng uj ia n Slump Aktual mm 65 70 70 75 105,5 Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI (MPa) 31,14 31,14 29,62 29,62 29,17 Kuat Tekan Aktual Rata- rata Umur 21 hari MPa 23,72 26,93 26,62 25,59 26,98 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual umur 28 hari MPa 24,96 28,35 28,02 26,94 28,40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 715, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 12 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 91, "width": 430, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton untuk kuat tekan rencana 30 MPa yang ditingkatkan dengan nilai slump 30-60 mm dan slump 60-180 mm disajikan pada Tabel 11 dan Tabel 12 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 128, "width": 356, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Tekan dengan Kuat Tekan Rencana 30 MPa dan Nilai Slump 30-60 mm (Kuat Tekan Ditingkatkan) Bahan Campuran Beton 11 12 13 14 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 107, "top": 240, "width": 2, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D at a", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 183, "width": 422, "height": 383, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semen (kg) 385,40 385,40 385,40 385,40 385,40 Pasir (kg) Ukuran 2,4 mm 0,00 0,00 0,00 179,46 348,84 Ukuran 1,2 mm 0,00 0,00 142,92 179,46 130,81 Ukuran 0,6 mm 0,00 242,74 142,92 0,00 130,81 Ukuran 0,3 mm 208,21 0,00 142,92 179,46 130,81 Ukuran 0,15 mm 208,21 242,74 142,92 179,46 130,81 Batu Pecah Ukuran 5-10 mm 435,16 411,97 383,02 333,92 282,09 Ukuran 10-20 mm 883,51 836,42 777,64 677,95 572,74 Air (Agregat Kering Udara) (kg) 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 190,00 Air Bebas (Agregat SSD) (kg) 162,98 161,32 159,23 155,66 151,86 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Slump Rencana (mm) 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 30 - 60 H as il Pe ng uj ia n Slump Aktual (mm) 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 30,00 Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI (MPa) 39,19 40,26 40,26 41,34 42,59 Kuat Tekan Aktual Rata-rata Umur 21 hari MPa 24,00 26,04 32,85 32,17 32,20 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual umur 28 hari (MPa) 25,26 27,41 34,58 33,86 33,90 Tabel 11. Hasil Uji Tekan dengan Kuat Tekan Rencana 30 MPa dan Nilai Slump 60-180 mm (Kuat Tekan Ditingkatkan) Bahan Campuran Beton 16 17 18 19 20 D at a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 98, "top": 473, "width": 429, "height": 233, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semen (kg) 415,82 415,82 415,82 427,08 427,08 Pasir (kg) Ukuran 2,4 mm 0,00 0,00 0,00 194,45 376,65 Ukuran 1,2 mm 0,00 0,00 156,28 194,45 141,24 Ukuran 0,6 mm 0,00 262,83 156,28 0,00 141,24 Ukuran 0,3 mm 225,47 0,00 156,28 194,45 141,24 Ukuran 0,15 mm 225,47 262,83 156,28 194,45 141,24 Batu Pecah Ukuran 5-10 mm 402,33 377,23 343,82 289,45 234,42 Ukuran 10-20 mm 816,86 765,89 698,05 587,66 475,94 Air (Agregat Kering Udara) (kg) 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 205,00 Air Bebas (Agregat SSD) (kg) 178,33 176,56 174,19 170,63 166,66 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Slump Rencana mm 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 60 - 180 H as il Pe ng uj ia n Slump Aktual (mm) 65,00 60,00 55,00 50,00 50,00 Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI (MPa) 39,19 39,19 40,26 42,59 43,84 Kuat Tekan Aktual Rata- rata Umur 21 hari MPa 30,04 28,69 30,60 35,26 37,37 Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual umur 28 hari (MPa) 31,62 30,20 32,21 37,12 39,34", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 714, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 3 11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 431, "height": 275, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika hasil pengujian pada Tabel 9 , Tabel 10 , Tabel 11 dan Tabel 12 disajikan dalam bentuk kurva yang menggambarkan pengaruh modulus kehalusan pasir terhadap kuat tekan beton, hasilnya diperlihatkan pada Gambar 3 , Gambar 4 , Gambar 5 dan Gambar 6 . R² = 0,9413 R² = 0,9872 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Ku a t Te k an (M Pa ) Modulus Kehalusan (FM) Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa) Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 390, "top": 240, "width": 117, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kuat Tekan Rencana Kondisi SSD (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 263, "width": 113, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 286, "width": 99, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa))", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 133, "top": 369, "width": 351, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3. Pengaruh modulus kehalusan (FM) terhadap kuat tekan beton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 379, "width": 398, "height": 250, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "untuk nilai slump 30-60 mm R² = 0,9564 R² = 0,8874 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 K u a t Te k an (M P a ) Modulus Ke halusan (FM) Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 391, "top": 491, "width": 100, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 514, "width": 118, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kuat Tekan Rencana Kondisi SSD (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 537, "width": 114, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 560, "width": 99, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 643, "width": 354, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4. Pengaruh modulus kehalusan (FM) terhadap kuat tekan beton untuk nilai slump 60-180 mm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 715, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 1 4 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 109, "top": 86, "width": 399, "height": 221, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "R² = 0,9564 R² = 0,8874 20,00 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 K u a t Te k a n (M Pa ) Modulus Kehalusan (FM) Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 392, "top": 168, "width": 101, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 191, "width": 118, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kuat Tekan Rencana Kondisi SSD (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 214, "width": 114, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 237, "width": 99, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 246, "width": 20, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(MPa))", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 133, "top": 321, "width": 351, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 5. Pengaruh modulus kehalusan (FM) terhadap kuat tekan beton untuk nilai slump 30-60 mm (kuat tekan ditingkatkan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 355, "width": 398, "height": 221, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "R² = 0,9689 R² = 0,9334 25,00 30,00 35,00 40,00 45,00 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 Ku a t T e k an (M P a ) Modulus Ke halusan (FM) Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 391, "top": 437, "width": 101, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 460, "width": 118, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kuat Tekan Rencana Kondisi SSD (MPa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 483, "width": 114, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Kuat Tekan Prediksi SNI Kondisi Kering Udara (MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 391, "top": 506, "width": 100, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Poly. (Prediksi Kuat Tekan Aktual", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 391, "top": 515, "width": 20, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(MPa))", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 590, "width": 351, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 6. Pengaruh modulus kehalusan (FM) terhadap kuat tekan beton untuk nilai slump 60-180 mm (kuat tekan ditingkatkan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 625, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 644, "width": 429, "height": 63, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian yang disajikan pada Gambar 3 dan Gambar 4 memperlihatkan bahwa nilai modulus kehalusan pasir berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton. Pada Gambar 3 dan Gambar 4 memperlihatkan bahwa semakin besar nilai modulus kehalusan pasir, maka semakin besar kuat tekan yang didapat, dengan nilai modulus kehalusan tidak lebih dari 3,5. Dengan nilai modulus kehalusan yang semakin besar maka kadar pasir yang didapat semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 40, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gungun Gunawan, Priyanto Saelan.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 714, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 15 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 430, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kecil. Dengan kadar pasir yang semakin kecil dan kadar semen yang tetap pada slump yang sama secara alamiah beton yang dihasilkan semakin padat. Hal ini diduga yang menyebabkan nilai kuat tekan beton meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 123, "width": 430, "height": 100, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan memperhatikan bentuk grafik pada Gambar 3 dan Gambar 4 dapat disimpulkan bahwa anggapan yang dianut oleh cara SNI yaitu nilai modulus kehalusan pasir hanya berpengaruh terhadap kelecakan campuran beton tidak sepenuhnya berlaku. Dari Gambar 3 dan Gambar 4 , secara grafis kuat tekan aktual yang mendekati kuat tekan prediksi terletak pada pasir dengan rentang modulus kehalusan 2,5-3,0 untuk nilai slump 30-60 mm, dan rentang modulus kehalusan 2,5-3,5 untuk nilai slump 60-180 mm. Dengan demikian maka penentuan proporsi pasir pada perancangan campuran beton dengan cara SNI hanya dapat digunakan untuk pasir dengan rentang modulus kehalusan 2,5-3,0.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 228, "width": 429, "height": 51, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika kuat tekan yang direncanakan ditingkatkan terlebih dahulu menjadi 10 % lebih tinggi (nilai = 1,1) untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya pengurangan kuat tekan beton yang terjadi pada Gambar 5 dan Gambar 6 , maka kuat tekan aktual ternyata tidak mendekati kuat tekan prediksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 284, "width": 429, "height": 88, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara teoritis agar penentuan pasir pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI dengan batasan modulus kehalusan pasir yaitu 1,5-3,5 pada grafik SNI dapat digunakan untuk semua rentang modulus kehalusan pasir (1,5-3,5) tanpa meningkatkan kuat tekan rencana, maka volume pasir yang digunakan dalam campuran beton dapat ditingkatkan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena berdasarkan rumus Dreux Gorisse, kuat tekan beton tidak hanya ditentukan oleh faktor air-semen (pada rumus Dreux dinyatakan dalam faktor semen-air), tetapi juga ditentukan oleh faktor granular , dimana nilai besarnya dirumuskan oleh Persamaan 6 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 372, "width": 420, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= . mengulang ...(3) halmana:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 398, "width": 246, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= konstanta yang nilainya diberikan pada Tabel 1 = volume pasir dalam 1 m 3 beton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 432, "width": 429, "height": 64, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika untuk suatu rasio volume pasir terhadap volume total agregat dinaikan sebesar 10 % (nilai = 1,1), maka besarnya faktor granular akan menjadi lebih besar 10 % dari faktor semula sehingga kuat tekan beton akan meningkat secara linier. Dengan demikian grafik SNI untuk penentuan proporsi pasir masih dapat digunakan dengan syarat volume pasir dalam agregat gabungan menjadi Persamaan 6 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 507, "width": 254, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= . ℎ ...(6)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 521, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "halmana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 540, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= faktor peningkatan volume pasir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 559, "width": 307, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Harga yang diusulkan disajikan pada Tabel 13 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 578, "width": 187, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 13. Harga yang Diusulkan FM pasir 1,5 – 2,0 1,20 2,0 – 3,5 1,10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 262, "top": 646, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 671, "width": 422, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian dan analisis hasil pengujian, dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 683, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(1) secara umum proporsi pasir berpengaruh terhadap kuat tekan beton;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 40, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tinjauan Mengenai Penentuan Proporsi Pasir dalam Agregat Gabungan pada Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara SNI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 715, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reka Racana - 16 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 80, "width": 431, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2) penentuan proporsi pasir pada perancangan campuran beton dengan cara SNI yang kuat tekannya mencapai kuat tekan prediksi bergantung pada tingkat kelecakan campuran beton.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 117, "width": 409, "height": 76, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk nilai slump 30-60 penentuan proporsi pasir yang mencapai kuat tekan prediksi didekati oleh pasir dengan modulus kehalusan pasir 2,5-3,0, sedangkan nilai slump 60- 180 didekati oleh pasir dengan modulus kehalusan 2,5-3,5. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kuat tekan pengujian yang mendekati kuat tekan prediksi setelah kuat tekan rencana ditingkatkan masih terletak pada pasir dengan rentang modulus kehalusan 2,5-3,5;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 192, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(3) jika kuat tekan rencana ditingkatkan maka kuat tekan hasil uji tidak berdekatan dengan kuat tekan prediksi. Oleh karena itu, cara ini tidak dapat dilakukan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 217, "width": 429, "height": 51, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(4) secara teoritis agar penentuan pasir pada perancangan campuran beton cara SNI pada grafik penentuan proporsi pasir pada SNI dapat digunakan untuk semua rentang modulus kehalusan pasir (1,5-3,5), maka volume pasir dalam agregat gabungan ditingkatkan menjadi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 208, "top": 267, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "= ℎ .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 280, "width": 266, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dimana harga yang diusulkan disajikan pada Tabel 13 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 310, "width": 98, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 335, "width": 429, "height": 88, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Maryanti, S. (2014). Studi Mengenai Pengaruh Gradasi Agregat Kasar Terhadap Faktor Granular Dalam Campuran Beton - Laporan Tugas Akhir, tidak diterbitkan. Bandung: Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas). Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2002). Tata Cara Pembuatan Rencana Campuran Beton Normal. Zakaria, T. (2013). Studi Mengenai Perancangan Campuran Beton Cara Dreux Gorisse – ITENAS - Laporan Tugas Akhir, tidak diterbitkan. Bandung: Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Institut Teknologi Nasional (Itenas).", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 7, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 123, "top": 89, "width": 354, "height": 63, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN METODE RESITASI BERBANTUAN MEDIA BULLETIN BOARD DISPLAY TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MIN 2 BENER MERIAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 175, "width": 259, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh: Rahmah, Daniah, dan Arusman Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Ar-Raniry Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 229, "width": 55, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 243, "width": 456, "height": 273, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The learning process at MIN 2 Bener Meriah already uses learning methods, but it is not optimal and not fully in accordance with the material being taught, the lack of media use, learning is student centered learning so that it causes students difficulty in understanding the material being taught. The purpose of this study was to determine student learning outcomes through the recitation method assisted by the bulletin board display media and student responses to the methods and media used. The data collection method used quasi-experimental with nonequivalent pre-test post-test control group design. Sampling was done by purposive sampling, namely the experimental class as many as 30 students and the control class as many as 30 students. The research instrument is a test in the form of multiple choice and a questionnaire. Analysis of learning outcomes using t-test and student responses using the percentage of respondents formula. Based on the results of data analysis, it was obtained (a) the results of the t test, namely tcount of 6.27 and ttable of 1.672 (tcount> ttable) so that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected and the regression test was Y = 71.50 + 0.09X, (b) response students to the recitation method assisted by bulletin board display media with a percentage of 69.3% agree. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an effect of using the recitation method with the help of bulletin board display media on student learning outcomes and students are happy and interested in the learning process using the bulletin board display media-assisted recitation method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 530, "width": 443, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Recitation Method, Bulletin Board Display Media, Learning Outcomes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 566, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 579, "width": 456, "height": 192, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pembelajaran di MIN 2 Bener Meriah sudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran, namun belum maksimal dan belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan, minimnya penggunaan media, pembelajaran bersifat student centered learning sehingga mengakibatkan siswa kesulitan dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa melalui metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dan respon siswa terhadap metode dan media yang digunakan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan quasi experimental dengan nonequivalent pre-test post-test grup control design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purposive sampling yaitu kelas eksperimen sebanyak 30 siswa dan kelas kontrol sebanyak 30 siswa. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah tes dalam bentuk pilihan ganda dan angket. Analisis hasil belajar menggunakan uji t dan respon siswa menggunakan rumus persentase responden. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data didapatkan (a) hasil uji t yaitu t hitung sebesar 6,27 dan t tabel sebesar 1,672 (t hitung >t tabel ) sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan uji regresi sebesar Y = 71,50 + 0,09X, (b) respon siswa terhadap metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dengan persentase sebesar 69,3% setuju. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display terhadap hasil belajar siswa dan siswa senang dan tertarik saat proses belajar menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 189, "width": 403, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Metode Resitasi, Media Bulletin Board Display, Hasil Belajar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 89, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 104, "width": 456, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tercapainya hasil belajar yang baik tidak hanya didukung oleh kurikulum atau siswa saja, namun ada faktor lain yang ikut berperan dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu guru dan dukungan sarana pembelajaran, seperti penggunaan metode dan media pembelajaran. Guru dituntut untuk menjalankan tugasnya dengan sebaik mungkin, seperti menggunakan metode dan media pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan materi yang akan diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 456, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menggunakan metode dalam proses pembelajaran dapat membantu mencapai hasil belajar yang baik, namun jika dipadukan dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan kualitas belajar sehingga mencapai hasil belajar yang lebih baik. Metode pembelajaran merupakan suatu cara guru dalam penyajian materi yang akan diajarkan kepada siswa selama proses belajar mengajar baik secara individu atau secara kelompok agar materi yang diajarkan dapat diserap dan dipahami oleh siswa dengan baik. Media pembelajaran adalah sebuah alat pendukung proses pembelajaran dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran sehingga terjadinya komunikasi yang baik antar guru dan siswa. Komunikasi tidak akan berjalan dengan baik tanpa adanya bantuan sarana penyampaian pesan atau media. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode dan media pembelajaran dapat membantu guru dalam penyajian materi yang menarik, dapat menciptakan kondisi belajar yang dapat memperoleh kemudahan siswa dalam memahami materi, dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan rasa ingin tahu siswa sehingga kegiatan belajar mengajar dapat berjalan dengan efektif, efesien, kondusif, meyenangkan dan meningkatkan kualitas hasil belajar siswa. Metode dan media pembelajaran tersebut dapat diciptakan sendiri oleh pendidik atau mengikuti yang sudah ditemukan sebelumnya, namun harus disesuaikan dengan materi yang akan diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 456, "height": 123, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menggunakan metode pembelajaran yang tepat merupakan suatu alternatif dalam mengatasi rendahnya daya serap siswa terhadap pelajaran untuk meningkatkan mutu pengajaran. 2 Media pembelajaran salah satu pendukung yang efektif dalam membantu proses belajar, terbatasnya media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu penyebab lemahnya mutu belajar siswa. 3 Media pada umumnya digunakan untuk mempermudah proses pembelajaran, menggunakan media pembelajaran saat proses belajar mengajar mempunyai arti penting, karena dapat menyederhanakan materi yang akan disampaikan kepada siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi penulis di MIN 2 Bener Meriah, dalam proses pembelajaran guru sudah menggunakan metode pembelajaran, namun belum maksimal dan belum sepenuhnya sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan, minimnya penggunaan media pembelajaran serta jarangnya pembelajaran yang bersifat student", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Abdul Wahab Rosyidi, Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, (Malang: UIN Malang Press, 2009), h. 19.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 725, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Syahraini Tambak, “Metode Resitasi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Jurnal Al- Hikmah, Vol. 13, No.1, 2016, h. 30-51.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Umar dan Satin Jurai Siwo Metro, “Media Pendidikan: Peran dan Fungsinya dalam Pembelajaran”, Jurnal Tarbawiyah, Vol. 11, No. 1, Edisi Januari - Juli 2014.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 202, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "centered learning sehingga mengakibatkan siswa kurang dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan. Potensi perkembangan siswa tidak berjalan baik jika jarang menerapkan pembelajaran yang bersifat student centered learning dalam proses pembelajaran, terlihat guru jarang melakukan diskusi di kelas, guru jarang memberikan kesempatan siswa untuk berpendapat, meskipun guru telah memberikan kesempatan berpendapat dan mangajukan pertanyaan, namun siswa tidak mau menjawab atau memberi argumen sebelum ditunjuk serta siswa hanya mendengar materi yang diajarkan bahkan ada sebagian siswa sibuk dengan kegiatannya sendiri seperti membuat gambar yang tidak berkaitan dengan materi yang di ajarkan dan siswa hanya mencatat materi yang terdapat pada buku tema ataupun yang dituliskan oleh guru di papan tulis, dengan demikian dapat mengakibatkan kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa, siswa merasa jenuh selama proses pembelajaran, kurangnya rasa ingin tahu siswa dan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 456, "height": 123, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara penulis dengan guru kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah, masalah yang sering ditemukan adalah tugas yang diberikan tidak dipertanggungjawabkan oleh siswa dengan baik, masih banyak siswa yang mencontek tugas milik temannya bahkan ada siswa yang tidak menyelesaikan tugas alasannya karena guru memberikan tugas yang kurang bervariasi dan tidak menarik bagi siswa. Berdasarkan fakta yang terjadi di sekolah penulis mengambil pilihan metode mengajar dengan menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 418, "width": 456, "height": 187, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media bulletin board display dijadikan sebagai tempat memajang karya siswa sehingga menciptakan minat belajar siswa, membangkitkan rasa memiliki bersama dan rasa tanggung jawab, mendorong siswa untuk menciptakan produk dan berinisiatif memecahkan masalah. 4 Menggunakan metode resitasi siswa dapat mengembangkan kemandirian siswa, membina tanggungjawab siswa, melatih anak berfikir kritis, meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dan melatih siswa mengisi waktu luangnya. 5 Menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah yang terjadi di sekolah, dapat membuat siswa berperan aktif, termotivasi belajar, dapat menghilangkan rasa jenuh siswa selama proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan rasa tanggung jawab siswa dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 457, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil belajar adalah perubahan yang terjadi pada diri siswa yang diamati dan diukur dari segi perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan. 6 Perubahan peningkatan kualitas hasil belajar siswa dapat dilihat dari adanya peningkatan serta perkembangan yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya, dengan demikian saat proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 691, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Nova Lanzha Rusdiana dan Sirajuddin, “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin dalam Pembelajaran IPS untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IVA Sekolah Dasar”, JPGSD, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2014, h. 1-12.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 725, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Syahraini Tambak, “Metode Resitasi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Jurnal Al- Hikmah, Vol. 13, No.1, 2016, h. 30-51. ISSN 1412 - 5382.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Supardi, Penilaian Autentik Pembelajaran Afektif, Kognitif, Psikomotor (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2015), h. 2.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran seorang guru perlu melakukan penilaian berupa tes, baik tes tulis, tes lisan dan penugasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 456, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Penelitian terdahulu yang dapat mendukung penilitian ini di antaranya yang dilakukan oleh M. Irfan di Universitas Sulawesi Barat yang berjudul “Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMA\". Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa kelas yang menggunakan metode resitasi sebesar 80,24 sedangkan kelas tanpa menggunakan metode resitasi sebesar 71,10, sehingga dapat dipahami bahwa menggunakan metode resitasi berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif biologi siswa. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 230, "width": 456, "height": 234, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Iqbalah Gladys Pahlawani dan Siradjuddin yang berjudul “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Kelas V”. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa nilai semakin meningkat, pembelajaran awal hanya 58% mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I 75%, siklus II meningkat 91% dan siklus III mencapai 95,8%, dengan begitu dapat dipahami bahaw menggunakan media papan bulletin dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. 8 Penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Dyah Sasmitasari Darma Pratiwi dan Mintohari yang berjudul “Pengaruh Media Papan Bulletin terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Siklus Air Siswa Kelas V SDN Pacarkeling VI Surabaya”, dari penelitian tersebut mendapatkan hasil dari nilai rata-rata pre test kelas kontrol sebesar 68,2 sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 66, Kelas eksperimen memperoleh nilai rata-rata post test sebesar 84,8 sedangkan kelas kontrol memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 79,1, dengan begitu dapat dipahami bahwa menggunakan media papan bulletin dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 481, "width": 132, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 456, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan bentuk Quasi-Experimental Design dengan disain penelitian Nonequivalent Pre Test Post Test Grup Control Design. Disain penelitian ini merupakan kelompok kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen yang tidak dipilih secara acak. 10 Penelitian ini melibatkan dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol, kedua kelas tersebut diberi perlakuan yang berbeda. Kelas eksperimen akan diberi perlakuan mengajar menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display sedangkan kelas kontrol tidak diberi perlakuan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display. Penulis akan menyajikan dan menganalisis data-data tersebut untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 M. Irfan, “Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMA”, Jurn al BIOMA,Vol. 1, No.01, 2019, h. 47-55.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 680, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Iqbalah Gladys Pahlawani dan Siradjuddin, “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Kelas V”, JPGSD, Vol. 06, No. 12, 2018, h. 2256-2265.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Dyah Sasmitasari Darma Pratiwi dan Mintohari, “Pengaruh Media Papan Bulletin terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Siklus Air Siswa Kelas V SDN Pacarkeling VI Surabaya”, JPGSD, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2018, h. 587-596.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Sugiyono, Meteode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2013), h. 79.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh variabel bebas X (metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display) terhadap variabel terikat Y (hasil belajar siswa kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah). Desain penelitian ini dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 136, "width": 441, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 01. Rancangan Penelitian Nonequivalent Control Group Design. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 152, "width": 451, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas Tes awal (Pre Test) Perlakuan Tes akhir (Post Test) Eksperimen O 1 X O 3 Kontrol O 2 - O 4 Keterangan: X = Perlakuan belajar yang menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 279, "width": 360, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O 1 dan O 3 = Skor pre test dan post test untuk kelas eksperimen O 2 dan O 4 = Skor pre test dan post test untuk kelas kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 456, "height": 171, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah yang terdiri dari 2 kelas berjumlah 60 siswa. Sampel adalah bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki populasi. 12 Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Teknik ini adalah teknik pengambilan sampel berdasarkan pertimbangan khusus sehingga layak dijadikan sampel penelitian. 13 Penulis memilih kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah sebagai sampel penelitian yaitu kelas Va berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas Vb berjumlah 30 siswa sebagai kelas kontrol. Pengambilan sampel ini karena tidak memungkinkan untuk mengamati seluruh objek disebabkan karena kemampuan peneliti dilihat dari tenaga, waktu, dana dan lebih mudah dalam penyebaran angket serta penelitian ini dapat dilakukan dengan lebih teliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 498, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MIN 2 Bener Meriah berlokasi di Desa Tingkem Bersatu, Kec. Bukit, Kab. Bener Meriah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Tanggal 11-16 November 2021 Semester Ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2021/2022. Instrumen dalam penelitian menggunakan soal tes dan lembar angket. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah menggunakan tes dan angket. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis uji coba instrumen meliputi validitas, reliabilitas, tingkat kesukaran, dan uji beda daya item. Selanjutnya analisis data hasil belajar siswa meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, uji hipotesis, dan uji regresi. Dan terakhir analisis data respon siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 653, "width": 438, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Belajar Siswa Menggunakan Metode Resitasi Berbantuan Media Bulletin Board Display", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 685, "width": 420, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil belajar siswa secara individu, siswa yang memenuhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Sugiyono, Meteode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017), h. 116.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 98, "top": 737, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Sugiyono, Meteode Penelitian .......... h. 81.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 455, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Yaya Suryana, Metode Penelitian Manajemen Pendidikan, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2015), h. 254.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 457, "height": 218, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ketuntasan minimal (KKM) di kelas eksperimen adalah 30 dari 30 siswa, dengan nilai rata-rata pre test 49,83 dan post test 76,33, dapat dilihat bahwa pada kelas eksperimen 30 dari 30 siswa memenuhi ketuntasan minimal (KKM) yaitu 70. Menurut Trianto keberhasilan proses pembelajaran di kelas dapat dikatakan tuntas jika terdapat 85% siswa yang tuntas belajarnya. 14 Pencapaian hasil belajar siswa pada kelas Va sebagai kelas eksperimen di MIN 2 Bener Meriah 100% siswa sudah memenuhi nilai berdasarkan kriteria ketuntasan maksimal secara individu yaitu KKM 70 dan telah memenuhi ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal dengan persentase 100%, dapat dibuktikan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa 76,3. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol Pencapaian hasil belajar siswa MIN 2 Bener Meriah dengan nilai rata-rata pre test 27,33 dan post test sebesar 63,00, dapat dilihat bahwa 16 dari 30 siswa yang memenuhi nilai berdasarkan kriteria ketuntasan minimal secara individu yaitu KKM 70 dan belum memenuhi ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal, dapat dibuktikan dengan nilai rata-rata siswa 63,00 sedangkan secara klasikal yaitu 53,33%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 456, "height": 218, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbedaan nilai rata-rata ini jelas terlihat dari perbedaan perlakuan saat proses pembelajaran yaitu ketika guru menjelaskan materi dengan menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display, siswa kelas eskperimen lebih aktif saat memperhatikan guru hal ini dikarenakan siswa termotivasi dalam suasana belajar yang baru, yaitu guru menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display untuk menyampaikan materi pembelajaran, sedangkan dikelas kontrol belum aktif, dikarenakan guru masih menggunakan metode konvesional yang biasa dilakukan, sesuai dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Penelitian lainnya yang dilakukan oleh Iqbalah Gladys Pahlawani dan Siradjuddin, menyatakan bahwa menggunakan media papan bulletin dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. 15 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa meningkat dari sebelumnya, hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa selama proses pembelajaran siswa dengan sungguh-sungguh dalam proses pembelajaran, bersemangat dan memiliki rasa ingin tahu siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 528, "width": 456, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hasil belajar siswa kelas kontrol yang tanpa menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display. Keadaan ini disebabkan proses pembelajaran menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display, dapat meningkatkan rasa ingin tahu siswa, tidak membosankan, menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang aktif serta dapat membantu siswa lebih mudah memahami materi pembelajaran yang disampaikan, karena selama pembelajaran berlangsung siswa dituntut untuk melakukan kegiatan seperti memperhatikan, diskusi antar teman dan guru, menyelesaikan tugas, menempelkan tugas rumah sebelum proses pembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 456, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Aniq Royani, “Penerapan Teknik Pembelajaran Kooperatif NHT dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman tentang Bumi Bagian dari Alam Semesta”, Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2017, h. 294-311.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 737, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Iqbalah Gladys Pahlawani dan Siradjuddin, “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Kelas V”, JPGSD, Vol. 06, No. 12, 2018, h. 2256-2265.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 294, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimulai melalui metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display. Hal ini sependapat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Diah Putri Anggun yang berjudul “Pengaruh Penggunaan Papan Bulletin dalam Model Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match (ICM) terhadap Kompetensi Kognitif Siswa SMA”. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 151, "width": 456, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan metode pembelajaran yaitu metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display secara keseluruhan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi tema 4 subtema 1 pembelajaran 1 di kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah. Hal ini relevan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh M. Irfan di Universitas Sulawesi Barat, menyatakan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas yang diajar menggunakan metode resitasi berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar kognitif biologi siswa. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 456, "height": 123, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meningkatnya hasil belajar siswa tidak terlepas dari peran seorang guru dalam proses pembelajaran, guru yang memiliki kepribadian yang baik serta memiliki pengetahuan yang luas sangat mendukung dalam mengarahkan suasana proses pembelajaran. Faktor yang paling penting yang dapat mempengaruhi belajar adalah apa yang telah diketahui siswa, jika seorang siswa mempelajari sesuatu, maka siswa tersebut akan lebih mudah dalam mendapatkan informasi baru, dengan demikian terjadilah pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 456, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil analisis data menggunakan uji t yaitu, t hitung ˃ t tabel. Nilai t hitung yang diperoleh yaitu 6,27 sedangkan t tabel dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 dan derajat bebas 58 adalah 1,672. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol di MIN 2 Bener Meriah, sehingga Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak, dengan demikian bahwa penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dapat meningkatan hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional pada materi pembelajaran tema 4 subtema 1 pembelajaran 1 di kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 512, "width": 456, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa juga terjadi karena pengaruh metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dalam pembelajaran. Penggunaaan model pembelajaran khususnya metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami serta dapat meningkatkan daya tarik, memotivasi siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran serta siswa dapat membaca kembali materi yang telah dipelajari yang tertera pada media bulletin board display. Metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display juga dapat memudahkan siswa dalam menerima materi pelajaran yang lainnya namun harus disesuaikan dengan materi yang disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 654, "width": 438, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Respon Siswa terhadap Penggunaan Metode Resitasi Berbantuan Media Bulletin Board Display", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 685, "width": 420, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respon siswa didapat dengan membagikan lembar angket kepada responden", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Diah Putri Anggun yang berjudul “Pengaruh Penggunaan Papan Bulletin dalam Model Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match (ICM) terhadap Kompetesi Kognitif Siswa SMA, Jurnal of Education in Mathematic, Science and Tecnology, Vol.1, No. 2, 2018, h. 34-39.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 M.Irfan , “Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMA”, Jurn al BIOMA,Vol. 1, No.01, 2019, h. 47-55.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 9, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 456, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yaitu sampel penelitian kelas eksperimen untuk diisi. Angket merupakan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan memberi pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawab. 18 Analisis uraian angket respon yang digunakan adalah melihat sikap siswa terhadap penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dan kecocokan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dengan materi pembelajaran yang disampaikan yaitu materi Tema 4 Subtema 1 Pembelajaran 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 456, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display mendapat tanggapan positif dari siswa, hal ini sesuai dengan hasil perhitungan dari penyebaran lembar angket. Hal ini sependapat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dedy Yusuf Aditya yang berjudul “Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa”. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respon siswa terhadap penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display pada materi Tema 4 Subtema 1 Pembelajaran 1 yang diisi oleh 30 siswa di kelas Va dan Vb setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dapat kita lihat sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 355, "width": 438, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pernyataan 1 “Metode resitasi dengan memberikan tugas di luar pengawasan pendidik dapat mengembangkan kemandirian siswa” diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 23,3% dan setuju 60%, hal tersebut berdasarkan wawancara penulis saat siswa diberi tugas siswa akan mencari tahu sendiri ataupun bekerja sama dengan teman di luar jam sekolah untuk menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan yang kemudia akan dipertanggungjawabkan di depan guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 450, "width": 438, "height": 123, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pernyataan 2 “Metode resitasi dengan tugas berbentuk teka-teki dan pengamatan langsung siswa dapat memotivasi siswa menyelesaikan tugas”, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 33,3% dan setuju 46,7%, hal tersebut saat siswa diberi tugas dengan bentuk yang bervariasi seperti halnya dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tugas berbentuk teka-teki, terlihat siswa sangat antusias dalam mengerjakannya, dapat menimbulkan diskusi antar siswa serta dapat membuat siswa lebih aktif lagi dalam bertanya saat siswa belum memahami tugas yang diberikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 575, "width": 438, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pernyataan 3 “Saya tertarik selama pembelajaran menggunakan Metode resitasi karena tugas dikerjakan berkolompok kemudian berdiksusi antar teman dan guru dapat meningkatkan rasa tanggung jawab siswa”, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 20% dan setuju 53,3 %, hal tersebut terlihat saat siswa diberikan tugas untuk dikerjakan secara berkelompok lebih tertarik dibandingkan dikerjakan sendiri karena dapat memudahka siswa dalam berbagi untuk menyelesaikan tugas, kemudia akan dipertanggungjawabkan bersama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 448, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Sugiyono, Metodelogi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017), h. 142.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 737, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Dedy Yusuf Aditya, Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa, Jurnal SAP, Vol.1, No. 2, Desember 2016, h. 165-174. ISSN: 2527-967X. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sap.v1i2.1023 .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 438, "height": 92, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pernyataan 4 “Saya tertarik selama pembelajaran menggunakan Metode resitasi karena tugas yang diberikan tidak memberatkan siswa sehingga siswa mau mengusahakan untuk menyelesaikannya, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 30,3% dan setuju 43,3%, hal tersebut dikarenakan tugas yang diberikan sesuai dengan materi yang di ajarkan dan mengerjakan tugas sambil bermain teka-teki dan menggambar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 183, "width": 441, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Pernyataan 5 “Penggunaan media pembelajaran bulletin board display membuat saya lebih memahami sistem organ peredaran darah pada manusia”, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 23,3% dan setuju 50%, hal tersebut dikarenakan materi yang di sampaikan pada media memiliki gambar serta dengan penjelasannya yang ringkas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 261, "width": 438, "height": 93, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Pernyataan 6 “Saya tertarik selama pembelajaran menggunakan Media bulletin board display dengan gambar dan tulisan penjelas dapat membantu memperjelas dan menyederhanakan informasi”, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 26,7% dan setuju 36,7%, hal tersebut dikarenakan materi yang di sampaikan pada media memiliki gambar serta dengan penjelasannya yang ringkas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 355, "width": 438, "height": 109, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Pernyataan 7 “Media bulletin board display dijadikan sebagai tempat untuk menempelkan tugas dapat mendorong rasa tanggung jawab siswa dalam menyelesaikan tugas”, diperoleh presentase sangat setuju 20% dan setuju 50%, hal tersebut saat siswa diberikan tugas saat proses pembelajaran siswa terlihat sangat antusias dalam mengerjakan tugas tersebut karena tugas yang diberikan akan ditempelkan pada papan media yang telah disediakan oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 465, "width": 438, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Pernyataan 8 “Media bulletin board display diletakkan di di depan kelas dapat memudahkan siswa membaca kembali informasi yang terdapat pada media”, diperoleh presentase sangat setuju 23,3% dan setuju 30%, hal tersebut dapat memudahkan siswa saat siswa ingin melihat kembali materi yang sudah diajarkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 544, "width": 438, "height": 76, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Pernyataan 9 “Konten dalam media pembelajaran bulletin board display memiliki bahasa, gambar dan warna yang jelas”, diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 20% dan setuju 46,7%, hal tersebut dapat membuat siswa tertarik dengan materi yang disampaikan dengan menggunakan media bulletin board display.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 622, "width": 438, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Pernyataan 10 “Saya tertarik jika kegiatan pembelajaran dilaksanakan menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display diterapkan pada materi lainnya” diperoleh persentase sangat setuju 10% dan setuju 50%, hal tersebut dikarenakan saat proses pembelajaran guru menggunakan metode yang mana saat memberikan tugas tidak memberatkan siswa dan mudah dimengerti serta saat proses pembelajaran menggunakan media bulletin board display dapat menyederhanakan materi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 732, "width": 438, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11. Pernyataan 11 “Saat kegiatan pembelajaran selesai, saya mendapatkan pengetahuan baru dengan pembelajaran menggunakan metode resitasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 781, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 89, "width": 420, "height": 92, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbantuan media bulletin board display” diperoleh persentase setuju 23,3 dan setuju 53,3, hal tersebut menambah pengetahuan siswa mengenai materi pembelajaran pada tema 4 subtema 1, siswa mengetahu bahwa tugas tidak hanya berbentuk pilihan ganda ataupun essay namun banyak bentuk tugas yang dapat dikerjakan seperti teka-teki silang, teka-teki gambar, pengamatan langsung dan menggambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 183, "width": 438, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. Pernyataan 12 “Menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display dapat meningkatkan rasa ingin tahu” diperoleh persentase setuju 23,3% dan setuju 36,7%, hal tersebut membuat siswa meningkatkan rasa ingin tahunya mengenai gambar yang tertera dalam media pembelajaran yang di tampilkan oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 456, "height": 171, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data respon yang telah diisi oleh siswa untuk pernyataan pada lembar angket menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata dari pernyataan mengenai sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display pada materi pembelajaran Tema 4 Subtema 1 Pembelajaran 1 sebesar 23,04% (siswa sangat setuju) dan mencapai 46,39% (siswa setuju). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa tertarik selama proses pembelajaran menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display yang sesuai dengan materi pembelajaran, khususnya pada materi pembelajaran tema 4 subtema 1 pembelajaran 1. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pembelajaran yang tidak hanya membutuhkan pemahaman konsep saja tetapi juga diperlukan kondisi kelas yang menyenangkan dan dapat memacu motivasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 450, "width": 72, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 463, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dengan penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi tema 4 Subtema 1 Pembelajaran 1 di kelas V MIN 2 Bener Meriah maka dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 526, "width": 447, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Adanya pengaruh penggunaan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display terhadap hasil belajar siswa saat proses pembelajaran pada materi pembelajaran, khususnya Tema 4 Subtema 1 Pembelajaran 1. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji t yaitu t hitung sebesar 6,27 dan t tabel sebesar 1,672 (t hitung > t tabel ) dan uji regresi sebesar Y = 71,50 + 0,09 X", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 80, "top": 604, "width": 447, "height": 61, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Respon siswa terhadap proses pembelajaran menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display yaitu siswa senang belajar menggunakan metode resitasi berbantuan media bulletin board display. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil data angket dengan persentase sebesar 69,3% setuju.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 35, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PIONIR: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN VOLUME 11 NO 1 2022 P-ISSN 2339-2495/ E-ISSN 2549-6611", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 238, "top": 89, "width": 123, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 120, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Wahab Rosyidi, Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, (Malang: UIN Malang Press, 2009),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 157, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aniq Royani, “Penerapan Teknik Pembelajaran Kooperatif NHT dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman tentang Bumi Bagian dari Alam Semesta”, Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2017,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 220, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dedy Yusuf Aditya, Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa, Jurnal SAP, Vol.1, No. 2, Desember 2016, h. 165-174. ISSN: 2527-967X. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sap.v1i2.1023 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 273, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diah Putri Anggun yang berjudul “Pengaruh Penggunaan Papan Bulletin dalam Model Pembelajaran Aktif Tipe Index Card Match (ICM) terhadap Kompetesi Kognitif Siswa SMA, Jurnal of Education in Mathematic, Science and Tecnology, Vol.1, No. 2, 2018,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 456, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dyah Sasmitasari Darma Pratiwi dan Mintohari, “Pengaruh Media Papan Bulletin terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Materi Siklus Air Siswa Kelas V SDN Pacarkeling VI Surabaya”, JPGSD, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2018,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 456, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iqbalah Gladys Pahlawani dan Siradjuddin, “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS Materi Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Kelas V”, JPGSD, Vol. 06, No. 12, 2018, h. 2256-2265.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 459, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. Irfan, “Pengaruh Penerapan Metode Resitasi terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa SMA”, Jurnal BIOMA,Vol. 1, No.01, 2019,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 456, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nova Lanzha Rusdiana dan Sirajuddin, “Penggunaan Media Papan Bulletin dalam Pembelajaran IPS untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IVA Sekolah Dasar”, JPGSD, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2014,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono, Metodelogi Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2017),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 576, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supardi, Penilaian Autentik Pembelajaran Afektif, Kognitif, Psikomotor (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2015),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 613, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syahraini Tambak, “Metode Resitasi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Jurnal Al-Hikmah, Vol. 13, No.1, 2016,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umar dan Satin Jurai Siwo Metro, “Media Pendidikan: Peran dan Fungsinya dalam Pembelajaran”, Jurnal Tarbawiyah, Vol. 11, No. 1, Edisi Januari - Juli 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 688, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yaya Suryana, Metode Penelitian Manajemen Pendidikan, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2015),", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri (2018), Vol. 6 No. 3, 157 – 164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 77, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "USULAN PENJADWALAN PRODUKSI BENANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE NEH DAN METODE ALGORITMA JOHNSON UNTUK MEMINIMASI WAKTU PRODUKSI DI PT. LAKSANA KURNIA MANDIRI SEJATI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 131, "width": 238, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Silvi Ariyanti 1) , Adianto 2) dan Ricky Miharja 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 145, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Dosen Program Studi Teknik Industri Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 157, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Dosen Program Studi Teknik Industri Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 168, "width": 306, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Alumni Program Studi Teknik Industri Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 207, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 432, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyaknya permintaan konsumen terhadap perusahaan, membuat produksi perusahaan mengalami keterlambatan untuk pengiriman. Pada saat ini kondisi penjadwalan di perusahaan belum dilakukan dengan optimal sehingga akan berpengaruh besar terhadap kinerja produksi perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memimalkan waktu produksi atau makespan dengan metode NEH dan Algoritma Johnson yang akan berdampak pada berkurangnya lateness produksi yang dialami oleh perusahaan. Metode Algoritma Johnson mencari makespan dengan cara pengurutan dengan melalui beberapa iterasi, dengan mencari waktu terpendek dari produksi atau SPT (Shortest Processing Time), adapula metode penjadwalan NEH mencari makespan dengan melakukan pengurutan berdasarkan LPT (Longest Processing Time) terlebih dahulu kemudian memasukkan job berdasarkan pengurutan tersebut satu persatu, yang akan melalui beberapa iterasi. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa metode penjadwalan NEH adalah yang paling tepat karena paling banyak mengurangi makespan dan mengecilkan waktu lateness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Penjadwalan, Job, NEH, Algoritma Johnson.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 391, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 430, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The number of consumer demand for the company, making the production of companies experiencing delays for delivery. At this time the condition of scheduling in the company has not been done optimally so it will have a big effect on the company's production performance. The purpose of this study is to minimize the time of production or makespan with NEH and Johnson algorithm that will affect the decrease of production lateness experienced by the company. The Algorithm Johnson method looks for the makepan by sorting through several iterations, by finding the shortest time of production or SPT (Shortest Processing Time), the NEH scheduling method for makespan by sequencing based on LPT (Longest Processing Time) are one by one, which will go through several iterations. In this study found that NEH scheduling method is the most appropriate because it reduces most makespan and minimizes latent time.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword: Schedule, Job, NEH, Algorithm Johnson", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 555, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 569, "width": 248, "height": 190, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen sesuai dengan due date yang telah ditentukan merupakan kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Banyak sekali faktor yang menentukan untuk meminimalkan waktu produksi, salah satu yang terpenting adalah penjadwalan produksi secara optimal. Dalam suatu kegiatan produksi, untuk mendapatkan suatu hasil yang optimum, maka seluruh aktivitas-aktivitas produksi terlebih dahulu harus direncanakan dengan baik. Penjadwalan produksi yang telah dilakukan diharapkan dapat mengurangi idle (waktu tunggu) mesin agar dapat dilakukan produksi secara optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 555, "width": 245, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi benang Acrylic. Perusahaan ini belum memiliki sistem penjadwalan yang optimal, dimana order yang masuk terlebih dahulu akan dikerjakan atau FCFS ( First Come First Serve ) , dan orderan yang lain harus mengantri. Pada sistem ini juga belum memandang kuantiti orderan sehingga masih banyak penumpukan order. Dalam proses operasionalnya PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati belum melakukan penjadwalan produksi secara optimal di mana dalam hal ini masih mengalami keterlambatan dalam pengiriman produk pada beberapa konsumennya. Perumusan masalah yang akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 456, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usulan Penjadwalan Produksi Benang Menggunakan Metode NEH dan Metode Algoritma Johnson untuk Meminimasi Waktu Produksi di PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Silvi Ariyanti, Adianto dan Ricky Miharja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 243, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibahas pada penelitian ini adalah bagaimana menentukan penjadwalan produksi sehingga dapat mempersingkat atau mengoptimalkan waktu penyelesaian akhir ( makespan ) secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 146, "width": 261, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas,diperlukan adanya penjadwalan produksi serta proses pengerjaan job yang lebih efektif pelaksanaan aktivitas proses produksinya, namun tetap memperhatikan dan mengutamakan kualitas produk. Pada penelitian ini, menggunakan metode NEH ( Nawaz, Enscore, and Ham) dan Algoritma Johnson sebagai pembanding dengan penjadwalan yang telah dilakukan oleh perusahaan. Dengan begitu, akan mendapatkan usulan metode yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan untuk mempersingkat waktu produksi atau memperkecil makespan yang berdampak pada berkurangnya lateness pengiriman perusahaan ke konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 380, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan Mesin Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 394, "width": 248, "height": 314, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan produksi merupakan salah satu tahap penting sebelum memulai kegiatan produksi. Waktu penyelesaian produk patut diperhitungkan oleh perusahaan. Keterlambatan produksi akan merugikan perusahaan karena dapat mengurangi kepercayaan pelanggan terhadap perusahaan. Bila produksi tersebut dapat diselesaikan terlalu awal dari due date yang telah ditetapkan, maka biaya simpan juga akan bertambah. Selain waktu penyelesaian produk, hal lain yang perlu diperhatikan oleh perusahaan adalah kebutuhan bahan baku, karena untuk dapat memproduksi suatu produk, maka bahan baku yang dibutuhkan harus sudah tersedia sebelum proses produksi dimulai. Dalam sebuah proses waktu pemesanan, dan jumlah persediaan bahan baku juga harus diperhitungkan. Dengan penjadwalan produksi yang baik tentunya mesin-mesin yang digunakan dapat dioperasikan sesuai dengan kapasitas yang dimiliki dan memperkecil kemungkinan timbulnya waktu yang tidak produktif dari mesin-mesin tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 711, "width": 241, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pembuatan jadwal harus diketahui lebih dahulu adalah kapasitas produksi mesin diukur berdasarkan bermacam-macam aturan yang dapat digunakan, diantaranya: (1) First", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 77, "width": 252, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Come First Server (FCFS) dimana urutan pekerjaan diproses berdasarkan urutan order/pesanan yang masuk. (2) Shortest Processing Time (SPT) dimana urutan pekerjaan dipilih berdasarkan waktu proses yang paling singkat. (3 ) Longest Processing Time (LPT) dimana urutan pekerjaan dipilih berdasarkan waktu proses yang paling lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 201, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Macam Penjadwalan Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 253, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan secara garis besar berdasarkan urutan proses produksinya dapat dibedakan dalam 2 macam yaitu pertama, Job Shop adalah pola alir dari N job melalui M mesin dengan pola aliran sembarang dan proses pengurutan pekerjaan untuk lintasan produk yang tidak beraturan. Penjadwalan pada proses produksi job shop salah satu ciri-cirinya adalah bentuk tata letak job shop biasanya digolongkan dari peralatan yang mempunyai fungsi yang mirip di suatu area [1]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 366, "width": 242, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang kedua, Flow Shop adalah proses penentuan urutan pekerjaan yang memiliki lintasan produk yang sama atau hampir sama. Pada dasarnya ada beberapa macam pola flow shop , antara lain: (a) Pure Flow Shop , Flow shop yang memiliki jalur produksi yang sama untuk semua tugas. Mesin disusun sesuai dengan alur proses yang ada dimana sebuah job diharuskan menjalani satu kali proses untuk tiap-tiap kondisi. Bentuk Pure Flow Sonata sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 532, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan Job pada Mesin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 546, "width": 247, "height": 190, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penetapan penjadwalan atau urutan job pada suatu produksi akan memberikan keuntungan: (1) Tenaga manusia dan mesin beserta kelengkapannya dapat digunakan seefektif mungkin. (2) Keterlambatan dan kemacetan dalam proses produksi dapat ditekan sekecil mungkin. (3) Penggunaan produksi dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dengan cara membandingkan pelaksanaan produksi dan rencana urutan yang telah disusun. (4) Total waktu dan proses secara keseluruhan dapat dicari sampai seminimal mungkin. (5) Keseimbangan dari operasi dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 739, "width": 236, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyelesaian dalam masalah penjadwalan ini dapat diklasifikasikan menurut jumlah mesin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 318, "top": 38, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri (2018), Vol. 6 No. 3, 157 – 164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 251, "height": 397, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan job yang dijadwalkan menjadi tiga macam yaitu: 1) Penjadwalan untuk N Jobs , 1 Mesin. 2) Penjadwalan untuk N Jobs , 2 Mesin. 3) Penjadwalan untuk N Jobs , M Mesin. Beberapa istilah umum yang digunakan dalam membahas masalah penjadwalan produksi [2]: 1) Waktu pengerjaan atau Processing Time (tij) adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan/ job ke-i pada mesin ke-j. 2) Waktu tunggu atau Waiting Time (Wij) adalah waktu yang dipergunakan oleh job /pekerjaan ke-i sebelum job tersebut diproses pada suatu mesin ke-j. 3) Batas akhir atau Due Date (di) adalah waktu yang diberikan setiap job /pekerjaan ke-i sebagai batas penyelesaian pekerjaan. 4) Allowance time (ai) adalah waktu longgar untuk proses diantara waktu ready/siap (ri) sampai dengan due date . 5) Waktu keseluruhan atau Completion time (Ci) adalah waktu yang diberikan pada setiap job /pekerjaan ke-I sebagai batas penyelesain pekerjaan. 6) Waktu keterlambatan atau Lateness Time (Li) adalah selisih dari completion time dikurangi due date . 7) Tardiness (Ti) adalah job yang terlambat diserahkan ke konsumen. 8) Earliness (Ei) adalah penyelesaian job lebih cepat dari batas waktu yang ditentukan. 9) Makespan (Ms) adalah waktu penyelesaian seluruh job pada shop.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 235, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan N Jobs 2 Mesin – Algoritma Johnson", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 518, "width": 247, "height": 232, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aturan Johnson adalah suatu aturan meminimumkan makespan dua mesin yang disusun paralel dan saat ini menjadi dasar teori penjadwalan [3]. Adapun prosedur Johnson memuat langkah: 1) Dapatkan waktu proses yang lebih kecil. Jika terdapat pada mesin A, tempatkan pekerjaan tersebut sebagai pekerjaan pertama pada mesin A. Jika terdapat pada mesin B tempatkan pekerjaan tersebut sebagai pekerjaan terakhir pada mesin B. 2) Pindahkan pekerjaan yang telah ditempatkan atau ditugaskan dan kembali ke langkah 1. Jika semua pekerjaan telah selesai ditempatkan, maka diperoleh urutan yang optimal. Jika terdapat dua pekerjaan mempunyai waktu sama, pada mesin sama dimana waktu tersebut lebih kecil dari waktu pada mesin lain, maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 77, "width": 242, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembagian penugasan untuk dua pekerjaan tersebut adalah sembarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 104, "width": 249, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk permasalahan penjadwalan dengan mesin yang lebih dari dua buah, akan sulit dipecahkan dengan metode ini. Untuk mengatasinya, maka digunakan Metode Campbell yang merupakan pengembangan dari metode Johnson.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 201, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan N Jobs M Machine", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 269, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjadwalan N job M mesin merupakan sebuah tipe static shop sequencing dimana n job harus diproses oleh m mesin. Seluruh pekerjaan tersebut diproses di awal periode pengerjaannya, serta tidak ada pekerjaan- pekerjaan baru yang datang selama periode tersebut ( static job arrival pattern ). Juga pekerjaan-pekerjaan tersebut tidak diperbolehkan saling melewati urutan yang telah ditentukan (pekerjaan-pekerjaan bertahan pada posisi satu urutan yang sama).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 366, "width": 251, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada teknik secara heuristic mampu memberikan urutan yang baik / urutan yang optimal dalam menyelesaikan problem penjadwalan N jobs M machines yaitu metode algoritma Campbell [4]. Metode ini dipakai untuk menjadwalkan N job pada mesin yang lebih dari dua dan merupakan pengembangan dari metode Johnson. Dengan demikian metode Johnson dapat dipakai sebagai dasar perhitungan urutan job pada mesin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 518, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Nawaz, Enscore, Ham (NEH)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 532, "width": 245, "height": 218, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Nawaz, Enscore, and Ham (NEH) ini dikembangkan oleh Muhammad Nawaz, E. Emory Enscore Jr, dan Inyong Ham pada tahun 1983.[5] “ In a general flowshop, where all the jobs must past through all the machines in the same order, certain heuristic algorithms propose that the jobs with higher total process time should be given higher priority than the jobs with less total process time ” yang artinya dalam penjadwalan flowshop secara umum, dimana semua job harus melewati semua mesin pada order yang sama. Algoritma heuristic ini mengusulkan bahwa job dengan total waktu proses yang lebih besar seharusnya diberikan prioritas yang lebih besar dari pada job dengan total waktu proses yang lebih kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 456, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usulan Penjadwalan Produksi Benang Menggunakan Metode NEH dan Metode Algoritma Johnson untuk Meminimasi Waktu Produksi di PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Silvi Ariyanti, Adianto dan Ricky Miharja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 238, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Algoritma NEH mengasumsikan job yang memiliki total waktu proses untuk semua mesin yang lebih besar harus didahulukan dibanding job dengan total waktu proses yang lebih kecil. NEH menginisialisasikan urutan job secara descending berdasarkan total waktu proses tiap job- nya. Kemudian dilakukan proses partial squence , yaitu menentukan urutan terbaik dari setiap posisi job yang mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 215, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 228, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flowchart", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 242, "width": 250, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini tentu memerlukan urutan pelaksanaan yang terencana dan terperinci agar penelitian dapat berjalan dengan baik. Dalam penelitian ini, pada awalnya dilakukan identifikasi masalah kemudian studi pustaka untuk mengetahui metode apa yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, kemudian menentukan tujuan dari penelitian. Setelah itu dilakukan pengumpulan data dan pengolahan data menggunakan Metode NEH dan Algoritma Johnson’s dari kedua metode tersebut dipilih metode yang terbaik untuk perbaikan produksi. Flowchart dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 752, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Flowchart Penelitian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 306, "top": 77, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi dan Definisi Variabel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 90, "width": 248, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel–variabel yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan , yaitu sebagai berikut : 1. Waktu Proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 132, "width": 222, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Waktu proses adalah waktu yang diperlukan untuk pengerjaan tiap operasi dalam tiap job , termasuk didalamnya waktu set up dan waktu persiapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 187, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Waktu Baku", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 201, "width": 266, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Waktu baku adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan pekerja dengan kemampuan rata-rata untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan secara normal.Waktu baku ini diperoleh melalui pengukuran waktu kerja dengan jam henti ( Stop Watch ) 3. Data Permintaan Data permintaan adalah jumlah pemesanan atau permintaan dari konsumen pada masing-masing tipe job . Data permintaan ini merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari perusahaan untuk permintaan tiap-tiap job pengerjaan, data ini diperlukan untuk menghitung total pengerjaan waktu untuk masing-masing job . 4. Data waktu pengerjaan job", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 435, "width": 237, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data ini merupakan pengolahan dari data waktu baku dan data permintaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 463, "width": 241, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Pengumpulan Data a. Data Primer Data primer adalah data yang diukur pada saat penelitian lapangan oleh peneliti pada obyek penelitian, dimana data diperoleh secara langsung di perusahaan yang sedang diteliti. b. Data Sekunder Data sekunder adalah data yang diperoleh peneliti dengan melakukan pengumpulan data yang telah ada di perusahaan (dokumen perusahaan) tanpa ada perhitungan terlebih dahulu.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 656, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flowchart Metode NEH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 670, "width": 255, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data yang pertama menggunakan Metode NEH ( Nawaz, Enscore and Smith) sebagai acuan usulan pergantian penjadwalan produksi. Flowchart pengggunaan metode NEH dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 318, "top": 38, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri (2018), Vol. 6 No. 3, 157 – 164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 85, "width": 171, "height": 249, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data penjadwalan Mulai Selesai Urutkan job dari yang terbesar Tentukan nilai k Tentukan job yang menempati urutan pertama", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 66, "top": 276, "width": 65, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hitung makespan &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 87, "width": 221, "height": 285, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mean flow time dari urutan yang ada X X Pilih urutan job dengan makespan terkecil Makespan sama? Nilai k = n job ? Ya Ya Tidak Pilih urutan job dengan mean flow time terkecil Mean time flow sama?", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 87, "top": 158, "width": 201, "height": 239, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak Pilih urutan job secara acak Ya Tidak Gambar 2. Flowchart Metode NEH", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 332, "top": 77, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 93, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makespan Riil Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 106, "width": 247, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari data yang telah diamati di perusahaan mengenai banyak job yang ada di perusahaan, waktu siklus, ketersediaan mesin, dan lainnya maka didapatkan hasil makespan perusahaan pada bulan Juli 2017. Waktu keseluruhan yang diperlukan perusahaan untuk menyelesaikan job pada bulan Juli 2017 adalah selama 960,87 jam atau selama 45,75 hari. Tabel dapat dilihat dibawah ini. Tabel Proses mencari makespan dan tabel makespan perusahaan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1 dan 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 258, "width": 239, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga dari hasil perhitungan makespan dari produksi perusahaan pada bulan Juli 2017 totalnya selama 960,87 jam untuk memenuhi seluruh permintaan dari perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 313, "width": 259, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapula usulan penjadwalan produksi yang dilakukan untuk meminimasi makespan . Hasil perhitungan yang dilakukan menggunakan metode NEH ( Nawaz, Enscore, dan Ham ) untuk meminimasi makespan, dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3 dan Tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 445, "width": 326, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Urutan Proses Job Perusahaan Job Mesin Blending Mesin Mixing Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) 1 B1 0 221,704 M1 221,704 286,23 2 B2 0 163,018 M2 163,016 201,252 3 B3 0 312,994 M3 312,994 386,404 4 B4 0 228,225 M4 228,225 281,753 5 B2 163,018 326,034 M2 326,034 364,269 6 B1 221,704 443,408 M4 443,408 495,407 7 B4 228,225 603,165 M2 603,165 691,105 8 B3 312,994 443,408 M1 443,408 473,996 9 B2 326,034 547,738 M4 547,738 599,737 10 B1 443,408 635,769 M3 635,769 680,886 11 B3 443,408 691,195 M1 691,195 749,312 12 B2 547,738 743,359 M4 743,359 789,241 13 B4 603,165 877,035 M3 877,035 941,269 14 B1 635,769 798,787 M2 798,787 837,022 15 B3 691,195 909,639", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 648, "width": 140, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M1 909,639 960,874", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 675, "width": 368, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Makespan Produksi Perusahaan Periode Urutan Job Penjadwalan Makespan Perusahaan (Jam) Juli 2017 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15 960,87", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 456, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usulan Penjadwalan Produksi Benang Menggunakan Metode NEH dan Metode Algoritma Johnson untuk Meminimasi Waktu Produksi di PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Silvi Ariyanti, Adianto dan Ricky Miharja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 77, "width": 332, "height": 276, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Urutan Proses Job Metode NEH Job Mesin Blending Mesin Mixing Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) 7 B1 0 374,94 M1 374,94 462,88 3 B2 0 312,99 M2 312,99 386,41 13 B3 0 273,87 M3 273,87 338,1 11 B4 0 247,79 M4 247,79 305,9 1 B4 247,9 469,49 M4 469,49 534,02 4 B3 273,87 502,1 M3 502,1 555,62 6 B2 312,99 534,7 M2 534,7 586,7 9 B1 374,94 596,64 M1 596,64 648,64 15 B4 469,49 687,94 M4 687,94 739,17 12 B3 502,1 697,72 M3 697,72 743,6 10 B2 534,7 727,06 M2 727,06 772,18 2 B1 596,64 759,66 M1 759,66 797,9 5 B4 687,94 850,95 M4 850,95 777,41 14 B3 697,72 860,73 M3 860,73 898,97 8 B2 727,06 857,47", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 343, "width": 369, "height": 88, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M2 857,47 888,06 Tabel 4. Makespan Metode Usulan Metode NEH Periode Urutan Job Penjadwalan Makespan Perusahaan (Jam) Juli 2017 7-3-13-11-1-4-6-9-15-12-10-2-5-14-8 898,97", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 449, "width": 236, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makespan Penjadwalan Usulan dengan Metode NEH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 476, "width": 242, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil perhitungan diatas dengan menggunakan metode NEH didapatkan urutan produksi yang berbeda dengan perusahaan, urutan job nya menjadi 7-3-13-11-1-4-6-9-15- 12-10-2-5-14-8 , dengan urutan tersebut maka diperoleh makespan selama 898,97 jam untuk menyelesaikan job pada bulan Juli 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 586, "width": 236, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makespan Penjadwalan Usulan dengan Algoritma Johnson", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 614, "width": 245, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain metode NEH sebagai metode usulan, adapula metode yang digunakan untuk mengurangi makespan perusahaan sebagai alternative, yaitu menggunakan Algoritma Johnson. Hasil perhitungan metode Algoritma Johnson dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 dan Tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 697, "width": 241, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 6s, diketahui bahwa urutan proses nya menjadi 7-3-1-13-11-4-9-6-15-12- 10-14-5-2-8 dengan menggunakan algoritma", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 448, "width": 236, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Johnson dan makespan nya menjadi 898,97 jam untuk menyelesaikan job pada bulan Juli 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 490, "width": 235, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbandingan dan Analisa Selisih Makespan Antar Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 517, "width": 257, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan selisih perbandingan antara waktu perusahaan dengan metode usulan untuk mengetahui penggunaan dengan waktu yang efektif. Selisih perbandingan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 586, "width": 246, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah di peroleh menggunakan kedua metode tersebut yaitu metode NEH ( Nawaz, Enscore, dan Ham) dan Algoritma Johnson adalah 898,97 jam dibandingkan makespan perusahaan yaitu selama 960,87 jam dengan selisih sebesar 61,9 jam atau sebesar 6,44%. Sehingga metode yang diusulkan lebih efektif dibandingkan metode yang digunakan oleh perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 318, "top": 38, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Industri (2018), Vol. 6 No. 3, 157 – 164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 185, "top": 77, "width": 228, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Urutan Proses Job Algoritma Johnson", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 92, "width": 367, "height": 252, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Job Mesin Blending Mesin Mixing Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) Kode Start (Jam) End (Jam) 7 B1 0 374,94 M1 374,94 462,88 3 B2 0 312,994 M2 312,994 386,405 1 B3 0 221,704 M3 221,704 286,23 13 B4 0 273,87 M4 273,87 338,104 11 B3 221,704 469,404 M3 469,404 527,5 4 B4 273,87 502,095 M4 502,095 555,624 9 B2 312,994 534,698 M2 534,698 586,697 6 B1 374,94 596,644 M1 596,644 648,643 15 B3 469,404 687,848 M3 687,848 739,083 12 B4 502,095 697,716 M4 697,716 743,598 10 B2 534,698 727,059 M2 727,059 772,176 14 B1 596,644 759,662 M1 759,662 797,897 5 B3 687,848 850,866 M3 850,866 889,101 2 B4 697,716 860,734 M4 860,734 898,969 8 B2 727,059 857,473", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 429, "height": 174, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M2 857,473 888,061 Tabel 6. Makespan Metode Usulan Algoritma Johnson Periode Urutan Job Penjadwalan Makespan Perusahaan (Jam) Juli 2017 7-3-1-13-11-4-9-6-15-12-10-14-5-2-8 898,97 Tabel 7. Perbandingan Selisih Makespan Periode Perusahaan (Jam) Metode NEH ( Nawaz, Enscore, Ham) (Jam) Metode Algirtma Johnson (Jam) Selisih (Jam) Persentase (%) Juli 2017 960,87 898,97 898,97 61,9 6,44", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 526, "width": 258, "height": 217, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan begitu perusahaan dapat memilih salah satu dari metode yang digunakan, guna mempersingkat waktu makespan. Pemilihan metode dapat disesuaikan dengan jumlah permintaan konsumen dan ketersediaan mesin yang ada. Adapula yang harus diperhatikan selain daripada penjadwalan produksi, yaitu mengenai ketersediaan bahan baku, kondisi di lapangan, kondisi mesin dan lainnya guna untuk memperkecil waktu siklus setiap produk. Serta pengawasan yang lebih ketat dan manajemen perusahaan dalam program peningkatan motivasi kerja 171 pada para pekerja agar bisa meminimasi waktu idle (menganggur) yang menyebabkan penumpukan job . Karena penjadwalan produksi tidak hanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 526, "width": 241, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mementingkan bagaimana job itu di selesaikan dengan waktu yang cepat,tetapi harus tetap memperhatikan mutu dan kualitas produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 581, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbandingan Lateness Antar Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 594, "width": 246, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada setiap job pasti memiliki batas waktu maksimal pengiriman yang telah ditentukan oleh kedua belah pihak yaitu konsumen dan produsen. Pada perusahaan PT. Laksana Kurnia memiliki deadline yang sama pada setiap job nya yaitu perusahaan memiliki due date selama 35 hari kerja atau selama 735 jam pada setiap job- nya. Perbandingan Lateness antar metode dapat dilihat pada Tabel 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 456, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usulan Penjadwalan Produksi Benang Menggunakan Metode NEH dan Metode Algoritma Johnson untuk Meminimasi Waktu Produksi di PT. Laksana Kurnia Mandiri Sejati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Silvi Ariyanti, Adianto dan Ricky Miharja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 77, "width": 420, "height": 253, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Perbandingan Lateness Antar Metode Job Due Date (Jam) Perusahaan (Jam) Metode NEH (Jam) Algoritma Johnson (Jam) Completion Lateness Completion Lateness Completion Lateness 1 735 286,23 0 534,02 0 286,23 0 2 735 201,252 0 797,9 62,9 898,969 163,969 3 735 386,404 0 386,41 0 386,405 0 4 735 281,753 0 555,62 0 555,624 0 5 735 364,269 0 777,41 42,41 889,101 154,101 6 735 495,407 0 586,7 0 648,643 0 7 735 691,105 0 462,88 0 462,88 0 8 735 473,996 0 888,06 153,06 888,061 153,061 9 735 599,737 0 648,64 0 586,697 0 10 735 680,886 0 772,18 37,18 772,176 37,176 11 735 749,312 14,312 305,9 0 527,5 0 12 735 789,241 54,241 743,6 8,6 743,598 8,598 13 735 941,269 206,269 338,1 0 338,104 0 14 735 837,022 102,022 898,97 163,97 797,897 62,897 15 735 960,874 225,874 739,17 4,17 739,083 4,083 Total 602,72 Total 472,29 Total 583,88", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 347, "width": 244, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 8 dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode NEH merupakan metode yang paling efektif untuk digunakan perusahaan karena memiliki nilai lateness yang paling kecil yaitu sebesar 472,29 jam dibandingkan dengan metode perusahaan yaitu sebesar 602,72 jam maupun Algoritma Johnson yang sebesar 583,88 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 472, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 485, "width": 241, "height": 273, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan yang dilakukan untuk job pada bulan Juli 2017 dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa metode NEH dan Algoritma Johnson memiliki makespan yang sama dengan total makespan 898,97 jam. Dengan begitu selisih waktu dengan perusahaan yakni selama 61,9 jam atau selama 2 hari 20 jam kerja atau memperkecil sebesar 6,44% dari makespan perusahaan. Selain itu, metode NEH memiliki nilai nilai lateness yang terkecil yaitu sebesar 472,29 jam dibandingkan metode lain yang memiliki nilai lateness yang lebih tinggi. Perusahaan dapat menerapkan metode NEH sebagai metode penjadwalan untuk memperkecil makespan , karena memiliki nilai lateness yang paling kecil. Urutan penjadwalan yang dapat diterapkan perusahaan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan metode NEH adalah 7-3-13-11-1-4-6-9-15-12-10-2-5-14-8. Selain itu, perusahaan juga harus mempertimbangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 347, "width": 243, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hal-hal yang membuat waktu siklus produk menjadi besar serta terus menjaga kondisi mesin tetap baik untuk menjaga kualitas benang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 416, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 430, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Ginting, Rosnani, 2009.“ Penjadwalan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 444, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mesin ”, Edisi I, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 240, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Herjanto,eddy,1999, “ Manajemen Produksi dan Operasi ”, PT. Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia,Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 499, "width": 236, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Kusuma, Hendra, 2002, “ Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi ”,Penerbit Andi, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 540, "width": 236, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Nasution, H.Arman,1999, “ Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi ”,PT.Guna Widya, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 582, "width": 245, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Pinedo, M.,1996 . Scheduling theory, algoritms and systems , New Jersey, United States of America: Prentice-Hall.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 289, "top": 795, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 290, "top": 783, "width": 23, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1911", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 183, "top": 70, "width": 329, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riwayat: Educational Journal of History and Humanities , 6(3) , 2023, pp. 1911-1918 P-ISSN: 2614-3917, E-ISSN: 2775-5037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24815/jr.v6i1.XXX", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 123, "width": 346, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Influence Of Fintech On Profit Growth In Umkm In Pangkalpinang City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 166, "width": 291, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Christine 1 * , Wendi 2 , Shella Pratamawati 3 , Nizwan Zukhri 4 1,2,3,4 Faculty of Economics, Universitas Bangka Belitung Correspondence Author: [email protected] *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 228, "width": 346, "height": 153, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis ada tidaknya pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara variabel fintech terhadap variabel pertumbuhan laba pada UMKM di Kota Pangkalpinang, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Metode yang peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan sumber data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner dengan skala likert. Jumlah reponden sebanyak 100 pelaku UMKM di Kota Pangkalpinang. Metode penentuan sampel yakni Nonprobability Sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan bantuan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa variabel fintech berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan laba pada UMKM di Kota Pangkalpinang yang dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi fintech secara parsial dari (uji t) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 serta nilai t hitung yaitu sebesar 9,835 > t tabel 1,661.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 406, "width": 344, "height": 141, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This study aims to test and analyze whether there is a positive and significant influence between fintech variables on profit growth variables in MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The method that the researchers used in this study was a quantitative method with a quantitative approach that used primary data sources obtained through the distribution of questionnaires with Likert scales. The number of respondents is 100 MSME players in Pangkalpinang City. The sampling method is Nonprobability Sampling with purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis techniques using the help of SPSS software version 25. The results revealed that fintech variables have a positive and significant effect on profit growth in MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City as evidenced by the partial fintech significance value of (t test) of 0.000 < 0.05 and the calculated t value of 9.835 > t table 1.661 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 574, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 587, "width": 210, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have become one of the sectors most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic which has hit the whole world including Indonesia since 2020. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) for Pangkalpinang City in 2021 there has been a significant increase in economic growth in Pangkalpinang City, which was 9.27 percent (YoY) which was higher than the economic growth of Bangka Belitung Province which grew by 5.05 percent (YoY) due to the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 574, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "contribution of MSMEs in the aspects of processing and trade.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 600, "width": 211, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The revival of MSMEs after the Covid- 19 pandemic was provoked by the digital era which is currently developing at lightning speed. The application of digitization to MSMEs is one of the solutions to improve the performance of MSMEs in terms of production, marketing and finance. Digitalization is important to do with MSMEs, because MSMEs are a vital tool for the economic growth of a region which even has an impact on economic growth for the country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 228, "width": 66, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 58, "top": 240, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 2023-03-28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 251, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted : 2023-07-25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 58, "top": 263, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published : 2023-08-31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 295, "width": 101, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Fintech, Profit Growth, MSMEs, Pangkalpinang City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 500, "width": 118, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Available online at http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/ riwayat/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1912", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 73, "width": 210, "height": 142, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The growth and development of MSMEs after the Covid -19 pandemic was supported by the use and application of existing technology. Digitizing MSMEs does not only use technology to sell products, but also allows MSMEs to be able to manage various other business aspects, one of which is the financial aspect. Finance in a business is very important to manage as well as possible in order to minimize losses and maximize profits for the business.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 214, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The phenomenon of digital acceleration has penetrated the financial", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 317, "top": 73, "width": 210, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "services industry so that it has transformed the financial services industry globally and created a new phenomenon in the financial sector, namely Financial Technology or what is commonly called Fintech . Financial Technology is related to technology, mobile , internet and even cloud computing (Unsal & Rayfield, 2019). Fintech was born to be a stimulus for the growth of MSMEs in Indonesia through Peer to Peer Lending , Equity Crowdfunding , E-Wallet and Personal Finance features (Suryanto, et al ., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 336, "width": 278, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Financial Technology Transaction Value for 2016-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 361, "width": 293, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Statista, 2022 Based on the data in Figure 1, it shows that Indonesia is the country with the highest projected value of fintech transactions during 2016-2022, with the value of fintech transactions in Indonesia projected to grow by an average of 15.5 per year during 2018-2022 and to USD 38.1 million in in 2022. This prediction is reinforced by the Indonesian Fintech Association ( Aftech ) which reports that the value of digital payment transactions in Indonesia is IDR 305.4 billion per year 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 542, "width": 210, "height": 194, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bank Indonesia explained that this fintech is a collaboration of financial services with technology that produces new products, services, technologies and business models that have an impact on monetary, financial stability, efficiency, smoothness and security in payment systems that are able to transform business into moderate. The presence of fintech does not only provide banking facilities or services, but creates new business models to help the public to be protected and requires fintech operators to be registered with Bank Indonesia or the Financial Services Authority or OJK (Rahma, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 735, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Financial Technology (Fintech) can create new opportunities for the economy to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 387, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "increase economic activity to make it more effective and efficient (Afifah, 2018). Fintech is coveted to be able to help MSMEs to deal with business problems such as limited access to funds, minimal promotional budgets , preparation of difficult financial reports and inefficiencies in cash payment transactions ( Ariani & Utomo, 2017; Sutarmin & Susanto, 2017; Suryanto et al , 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 516, "width": 210, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lightning-fast development of fintech certainly has positive and negative impacts on society. The positive impact of fintech is that it can provide new opportunities and innovations for the efficiency of MSME operational activities and also positively integrates the capital lending activities of MSME actors. Meanwhile, the negative impact is that people who lack technology literacy will feel that they are not ready to accept economic changes from the existence of fintech , so that fintech is considered to be able to cause creative destruction . Thus, directly or indirectly fintech has affected MSME activities, especially in the financial aspect, including MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City. This research will focus on the effect of fintech on MSMEs in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 288, "width": 343, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Filipina 3,74 4,64 5,69 6,84 8,05 9,28 10,46 Malaysia 3,7 4,7 5,9 7,3 8,8 10,3 11,66 Indonesia 14,2 17,67 21,61", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 254, "width": 322, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25,86 30,23 34,51 38,51 0 20 40 60 80", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 288, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1913", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 73, "width": 210, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pangkalpinang City and focus on the effect of fintech on profit growth in MSMEs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 113, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 128, "width": 211, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research method is a quantitative method with a quantitative approach using primary data which is then analyzed using statistical methods on the variables used in this study, namely the independent variable namely fintech (X1) on the dependent variable namely profit growth (Y) in MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City. The sampling technique in this study used the Nonprobability Sampling method with a purposive sampling technique with the following criteria: 1) The research will focus on MSMEs registered with the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 321, "width": 210, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pangkalpinang City Cooperative and PLUT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 336, "width": 210, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Office; 2) The period studied is 2020-2023; 3) MSMEs that have used and carried out transactions with fintech.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 73, "width": 210, "height": 220, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study uses primary data in the form of distributing questionnaires with a Likert scale. The data collection method was carried out by: 1) Distributing questionnaires to MSMEs offline (visiting MSMEs directly) and online (using Googleform assistance); 2) Give time to MSME actors to fill out the questionnaire; 3) Collecting data from the results of the questionnaire. The data analysis technique used in this study is quantitative analysis using the help of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 software with: 1) Descriptive Statistical Analysis; 2) Validity test; 3) Normality test;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 295, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Multicollinearity test; 5) Heteroscedasticity test; 6) Test simple linear regression analysis; 7) t test.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 380, "width": 134, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 210, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results of Descriptive Statistical Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 425, "width": 464, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Descriptive Statistics of Fintech and Profit Growth Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Sum Mean Std. Deviation Fintech 100 15 25 2167 21.67 2,878 Profit Growth 100 31 50 4138 41.38 3,792 Valid N (listwise) 100 Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 212, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 shows that the amount of data or N used in this study is 100 which shows a description of fintech variables and profit growth. The two variables in the study show a mean value > standard deviation value, so", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 470, "height": 234, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "it can be concluded that the data deviations that occur are low and the deviation values are average for the fintech and profit growth variables. Validity Test Results Table 2. Validity Test Results Statement R Count Information R Table Conclusion X1 0.910 > 0.165 Valid X2 0.921 > 0.165 Valid X3 0.904 > 0.165 Valid X4 0.916 > 0.165 Valid X5 0.872 > 0.165 Valid Y1 0.737 > 0.165 Valid Y2 0.667 > 0.165 Valid Y3 0.721 > 0.165 Valid Y4 0.231 > 0.165 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 302, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1914", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 457, "height": 187, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y5 0.737 > 0.165 Valid Y6 0.740 > 0.165 Valid Y7 0.439 > 0.165 Valid Y8 0.504 > 0.165 Valid Y9 0.494 > 0.165 Valid Y10 0.494 > 0.165 Valid Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023 The validity test is said to have passed if the calculated r value > r table. R table is obtained by the formula df = N-2. Df is the number of respondents, then df = 100 - 2 , then df = 98 and obtained r tables at a significance of 0.05 or 5% with a one-tailed", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 185, "width": 204, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "test and obtained r tables of 0.165. Based on the test results in Table 2, it shows that all statements from the variables X and Y passed the validity test because all the r calculated values were greater than the r table values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normality Test Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 468, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 266, "top": 483, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normal Probability Plots", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 204, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, researchers conducted a normality test using the Normal Probability Plot method. Decision making in this test is based on the criteria if the data spreads around the diagonal line and follows the direction of the diagonal line or the histogram graph, then it shows a normal distribution pattern, so that the regression model meets the assumption of normality. Based on Figure 2, it can be seen that the points are spread out and follow the direction of the diagonal line so that it can be stated that the regression model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 512, "width": 204, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "used in this study meets the assumption of normality. However, the normality test results using the Normal Probability Plot method tend to contain relative interpretations. So, in order to obtain more valid results, the researchers also used a normality test using the Kolmogorov- Smirnov method so that the interpretation related to the research results was further strengthened. Following are the results of the normality test with the Kolmogorov- Smirnov method .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 720, "width": 282, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Normality Test Results ( Kolmogorov-Smirnov )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 736, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1915", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 82, "top": 86, "width": 464, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unstandardized Residuals N 100 Normal Parameters a,b Mean ,0000000 Std. Deviation 2.69006232 Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,079 Positive ,075 Negative -.079 Test Statistics ,079 a. Test distribution is Normal. b. Calculated from data.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 202, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 214, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 205, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method , decision making is based on the criteria if significance > 0.05, then the data is normally distributed. Based on Table 3, it can be seen that the significance value of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is 0.079, which means that the fintech variable on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 243, "width": 204, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "profit growth has data that is normally distributed because the significance value is 0.079 > 0.05. So, it can be concluded that the regression model residuals in this study are normally distributed. So that the residual normality assumption has been fulfilled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity Test Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 377, "width": 194, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Multicollinearity Test Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 392, "width": 467, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 21,258 2,064 10,301 ,000 Fintech ,929 ,094 ,705 9,835 ,000 1,000 1,000 a. Dependent Variable: Profit Growth", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 142, "top": 474, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 205, "height": 191, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The multicollinearity test can be declared passed if the tolerance value is > 0.1 and the VIF value is <10, so that it can be said that there is no multicollinearity or the regression model in this study is free from multicollinearity. Based on Table 4 it can be seen that the tolerance value of each independent variable is greater than 0.10, namely fintech (1.000 > 0.10) and the VIF value of the independent variable is less than 10, namely fintech (1.000 <10). So it can be concluded that the independent variables in this study do not occur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 504, "width": 204, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "multicollinearity and non-multicollinearity assumptions for the regression model have been met.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 563, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heterescedasticity Test Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 578, "width": 204, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The heteroscedasticity test in this study was carried out using the scatterplot graph by looking at the pattern on the graph, if there is no specific pattern and it does not spread above or below the number 0 on the y axis, then there is no heteroscedasticity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1916", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 305, "top": 274, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 288, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Scatterplot Graph", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 303, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 443, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3 shows that in the scatterplot graph the dots do not overlap and spread randomly or irregularly above and below the number 0 on the Y axis. So it can be concluded that there is no heteroscedasticity problem in the", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 363, "width": 204, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "regression model so that the regression model is feasible to use.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 422, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simple Linear Regression Analysis Test Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 437, "width": 462, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Simple Linear Regression Analysis Test Results Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Q Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 21,258 2,064 10.301 ,000 Fintech ,929 ,094 ,705 9,835 ,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 512, "width": 153, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Profit Growth", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 524, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Research Results, Data processed, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 553, "width": 205, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test results listed in Table 5, it can be concluded that the simple linear regression equation is as follows: Y = 21.258 + 0.929 X. A constant of 21.258 explains that if fintech (X) value is 0, hence profit growth (Y) the value is 21.258. The regression coefficient of the fintech variable (X) is 0.929 explaining that if the fintech variable (X ) increases by 1%, the value of profit growth (Y) will increase or increase", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 204, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "by 0.929% assuming the other independent variables are constant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 553, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T test results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 568, "width": 204, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The t test in this study is a simple regression coefficient test used to determine whether the independent variable (X) has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (Y). The t test was carried out to test the hypotheses in this study, namely as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 672, "width": 142, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Determine the hypothesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 687, "width": 194, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ø Ho: Fintech has no positive and significant effect on profit growth for MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1917", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 86, "width": 194, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ø Ha: Fintech has a positive and significant effect on profit growth for MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 130, "width": 193, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Determine t count Based on the output in Table 6, the t count is 9.835.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 175, "width": 193, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Define t table T distribution table on . = 5 %", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 204, "width": 176, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(one-sided test) with degrees of freedom (df) n-2 or 100 – 2 = 98 (n is the number of respondents). With a one-sided test at significance = 0.05, the t table is obtained at 1.661.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 279, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Perform testing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 293, "width": 170, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ø Ho is accepted if t count <t table", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 308, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ø Ho is rejected if t count > t table", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 204, "height": 102, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The calculated t value is 9.835, while the t table value is 1.661, it can be concluded that because the t count > t table (9.835 > 1.661) then Ho is rejected. This means that fintech has a positive and significant effect on profit growth for MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 191, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that in this study a constant of 21.258 explains that if fintech (X) the value is 0, then profit growth (Y) value is 21.258. The regression coefficient value of the fintech variable ( X ) is 0.929 explaining that if the fintech variable (X ) increases by 1%, the value of profit growth (Y) will increase or experience an increase of 0.929% assuming the other independent variables remain constant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 191, "height": 129, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regression coefficient is positive, indicating that there is a positive relationship between fintech and profit growth. Based on the calculation results where the significant value of fintech is 0.000 <0.05 and it is known that the t value is 9.835 > from t table 1.661, fintech has a positive and significant effect on profit growth for MSMEs in Pangkalpinang City. So it can be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 86, "width": 190, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Based on statistical results, it can be concluded that it is very important for MSME actors to apply or use fintech or financial technology in their businesses so they can maximize the financial performance of their businesses and obtain maximum profits from their businesses .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 217, "width": 190, "height": 528, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES Afifah, N. (2018). Implementasi Financial Technology Dalam Pengembangan UMKM Di Indonesia. Essay Booklet; The Transformative Power of Fintech. Yogyakarta: HIMMAUGM. Apionita, Vinni, & Kasmawati. (2020). Pengaruh Current Ratio, dan Debt to Equity Ratio terhadap Pertumbuhan Laba Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Subsektor Batubara yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016- 2018. STIE Bankinang 46. Ariani, A., & Utomo, M. N. (2017). Kajian Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Tarakan. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 13(2), 99-118. Rahma, T. I. (2018). Persepsi Masyarakat Kota Medan Terhadap Penggunaan Financial Technology. At-tawassuth: jurnal ekonomi islam, 3(1). Suryanto, Rusdin, & Dai, R. M. (2020). Fintech as A Catalyst for Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 19(5), 1-12. Sutarmin, O., & & Susanto, A. (2017). Potensi Pengembangan Transaksi Non Tunai di Indonesia. Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA), 7(1), 1-12. Unsal, O., & Rayfield, B. (2019). Trends in financial innovation: Evidence from fintech firms. In", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 302, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1918", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 86, "width": 162, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Finance Review 20, 15-25.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "213 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PERLINDUNGAN KOLEKSI DI MUSEUM GEOLOGI MELALUI TINDAKAN PRESERVASI PREVENTIF", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 368, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alya Zahra Tiaranisa, Ute Lies Siti Khadijah, Samson CMS, Lutfi Khoerunnisa Perpustakaan dan Sains Informasi, Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Padjadjaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 286, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE INFO", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 220, "top": 286, "width": 57, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 311, "width": 100, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received : 1 Nov 2022 Accepted : 10 Des 2022 Published : 18 Des 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 299, "width": 445, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyword : Preservasi, Preventif, Museum Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan preservasi preventif untuk melindungi koleksi yang dilakukan di Museum Geologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan data hasil dari wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa telah dilakukan tindakan preservasi preventif seperti melalui pemantauan kebersihan koleksi, pengawasan pengaturan suhu, penanganan koleksi, serta perlindungan koleksi. Meski begitu dibutuhkan preservasi yang lebih intensif sehingga dapat mengurangi potensi adanya faktor penyebab kerusakan koleksi di Museum Geologi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 225, "top": 428, "width": 296, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to describe various preventive preservation measures as an action to protect the collections carried out at the Museum Geologi. The approach used in this study is qualitative based on data collected from interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of this study conclude that preventive preservation measures have been carried out such as monitoring collection cleanliness, monitoring temperature regulation, handling collections, and protecting collections. But, more intensive preservation is needed so as to reduce the potential for factors causing damage to the collection at the Museum Geologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 559, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 457, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 66 Tahun 2015 tentang Museum, museum adalah lembaga yang berfungsi melindungi, mengembangkan, memanfaatkan koleksi, dan mengkomunikasikannya kepada masyarakat. Lalu menurut Schouten dalam Gomes (2020) museum merupakan tempat berupa bangunan yang dijadikan sebagai tempat untuk memelihara dan memamerkan suatu koleksi atau barang barang yang memiliki nilai historis oleh orang banyak. Berdasarkan pendapat di atas dapat kita simpulkan bahwa museum merupakan lembaga non profit yang di dalamnya berisi barang-barang atau koleksi yang bernilai historis baik itu berupa benda maupun tak benda untuk tujuan pengkajian, pendidikan, dan kesenangan. Selain itu, tentunya berdasarkan undang-undang yang berlaku museum memiliki fungsi melindungi, mengembangkan, memanfaatkan koleksi, dan mengkomunikasikannya kepada masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 102, "width": 307, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBLIOTIKA: Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi Volume 6 Nomor 2, Tahun 2022, Hal 213 - 221 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um008vi12017p001", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 151, "width": 99, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eissn: 2579-3802", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "214 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 457, "height": 221, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut ICOM (International Council Of Museums) ada 9 fungsi dari museum,yakni : (I) pengumpulan dan pengamanan warisan, alam dan budaya, (2) dokumentasi dan penelitian ilm1ah. (3) konservasi dan preservasi, (4) penyebaran dan pemerataan ilmu untuk umum, (5) pengenalan dan penghayatan kesenian (6) pengenalan kebudayaan antardaerah dan antarbangsa, (7) visualisasi warisan alam dan budaya, (8) cermin pertumbuhan peradaban umat manusia (Sutaarga 1998). Seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya museum memiliki fungsi untuk memelihara dan memamerkan koleksi historis baik itu untuk tujuan pengkajian, pendidikan, maupun untuk kesenangan. Namun tentunya museum sebagai tempat pengelolaan barang atau koleksi bersejarah harus bisa mengelola dan memelihara dengan baik koleksi yang ada. Hal yang bisa dilakukan adalah preservasi, seperti kata Sutaarga (1998) Preservasi dan presentasi, atau pemeliharaan dan penyajian merupakan pokok kegiatan yang khas bagi setiap museum. Dalam hal ini preservasi bukan hanya hal yang harus dan bisa dilakukan di museum namun menjadi sebuah ciri khas di museum itu sendiri. Selain itu, preservasi juga merupakan salah satu dari 9 fungsi museum menurut (ICOM) sehingga dapat kita simpulkan bahwa preservasi memiliki peranan penting di sebuah museum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 456, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Museum Geologi Merupakan sebuah museum khusus yang terletak di Jl. Diponegoro No.57, Cihaur Geulis, Kec. Cibeunying Kaler, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat 40122. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Nomor 12 Tahun 2013 Tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Museum Geologi. Museum Geologi merupakan Unit Pelaksana Teknis di lingkungan Badan Geologi yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Kepala Badan Geologi. Museum Geologi memiliki tugas melaksanakan pengelolaan, penelitian, pengembangan, konservasi, peragaan, dan penyebarluasan informasi koleksi geologi. Museum ini diresmikan pada tanggal, 16 Mei 1929 dengan nama Geologisch Laboratorium. Geologisch Laboratorium didirikan dan dibangun oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda dengan tujuan untuk mendokumentasi hasil temuan dari para ahli geologi berupa batuan, mineral, serta fosil dari berbagai daerah di kawasan Hindia Belanda kala itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 457, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai salah satu lembaga yang bertanggung jawab dalam pemeliharaan koleksi yang berkaitan dengan geologi tentunya tindakan preservasi penting dilakukan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk perlindungan koleksi sehingga koleksi tersebut tidak kehilangan informasinya atau tidak kehilangan bentuknya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penulis tertarik mengulas tentang bagaimana perlindungan koleksi di Museum Geologi melalui tindakan preservasi lebih spesifiknya mengenai preservasi preventif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 457, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kajian penelitian yang pernah dilaksanakan oleh peneliti terdahulu berkaitan dengan penelitian yang diteliti saat ini yaitu “Perlindungan Koleksi di Museum Geologi Melalui Tindakan Preservasi Preventif” diantaranya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Karya ilmiah yang disusun oleh Yulifa Rizky Maulida Program Studi Kearsipan Sekolah Vokasi Universitas Gadjah Mada tahun 2021 dengan judul penelitian “Preservasi Preventif di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Kota Madiun: Digitalisasi Arsip Foto”. Adapun persamaannya yaitu pada kedua variabel yang diteliti berfokus pada tindakan preservasi preventif yang dilakukan sebagai upaya dalam melestarikan koleksi. Sedangkan pembeda berada di lembaga informasi yang diteliti yaitu arsip foto serta kegiatan preservasi yang diadakan yaitu digitisasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Karya ilmiah yang disusun oleh Annisa Fitriana Putri Rieswansyah dan Dewi Fitriyanti Mahasiswa Sarjana Universitas Padjadjaran tahun 2022 dengan judul penelitian “Kegiatan Preservasi di Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta sebagai Salah Satu Upaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "215 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelestarian Pengetahuan Masa Lampau”. Adapun pembeda penelitian ini dengan penelitian penulis berada pada fokus dari tindakan preservasi, dimana penulis hanya berfokus pada tindakan preservasi preventif saja berbeda dengan artikel tersebut yang membahas preservasi secara lebih luas. Sedangkan persamaan dari keduanya adalah pembahasan penelitian mengenai kegiatan preservasi di lingkungan museum menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 171, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis di atas masalah umum dari penelitian ini adalah mengenai “Perlindungan Koleksi di Museum Geologi Melalui Tindakan Preservasi Preventif” dan dapat dirumuskan secara khusus menjadi sebuah rumusan masalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 231, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Koleksi apa saja yang ada di Museum Geologi?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 427, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Bentuk tindakan apa saja yang dilakukan dalam melindungi koleksi di Museum Geologi?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Bagaimana tindakan preservasi preventif untuk melindungi koleksi yang dilakukan di Museum Geologi?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 323, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maka demikian,, penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tindakan preservasi preventif untuk melindungi koleksi yang dilakukan di Museum Geologi dan menjawab rumusan masalah di atas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 457, "height": 132, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan pada penelitian pada karya ilmiah dengan judul “Perlindungan Koleksi di Museum Geologi Melalui Tindakan Preservasi Preventif” , yaitu menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang dijalankan melalui survei langsung pada Museum Geologi. Penelitian di Museum Geologi Bandung ini dilakukan melalui survei (observasi dan wawancara) mengenai tindakan preservasi preventif terkait koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi untuk mengkaji analisis dan interpretasi dalam bentuk penjabaran berdasarkan penarikan kesimpulan hasil penelitian yang dikaitkan dengan hasil studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan kepada salah satu pemandu di Museum Geologi pada Rabu, 28 September 2022. Dengan hasil berupa data recorder beserta dokumentasi wawancara dan observasi di Museum Geologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah koleksi yang terpajang di Museum Geologi serta petugas yang memandu dan memberikan informasi terkait koleksi tersebut. Demikian dikarenakan perlu diketahui informasi mengenai tindakan preservasi preventif koleksi yang dilakukan di Museum Geologi secara lebih dalam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 623, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, maka data dikumpulkan menggunakan beberapa teknik, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 665, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Observasi, data penelitian akan dikumpulkan berdasarkan proses pengamatan secara langsung pada Museum Geologi. Menyertakan data yang terlihat dan terdengar mengenai situasi yang bersangkutan dengan data yang dibutuhkan di lokasi penelitian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 721, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Wawancara, data penelitian akan dikumpulkan berdasarkan jawaban dari pertanyaan terkait tindakan preservasi preventif koleksi kepada salah satu pemandu yang ada di Museum Geologi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "216 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Studi pustaka, data penelitian akan dikumpulkan secara tidak langsung berdasarkan referensi studi terdahulu dalam bentuk jurnal, makalah, buku, serta referensi lainnya yang bersangkutan dengan penelitian di Museum Geologi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 126, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Preservasi merupakan tindakan yang menjadi kunci agar koleksi dapat dimanfaatkan selama mungkin, sama hal nya seperti preservasi yang ada di Museum Geologi berdasarkan hasil dari observasi dan wawancara kepada salah seorang pemandu yang menginformasikan keterangan museum dan koleksi, terdapat beberapa penemuan beserta pembahasannya antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koleksi Museum Geologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 266, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Penempatan Koleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 457, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Museum Geologi yang didirikan pada tahun 1929 berada di bawah perlindungan pemerintah sebagai suatu peninggalan nasional yakni Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia, di dalamnya terdapat berbagai jenis koleksi yang erat kaitannya dengan temuan, peninggalan, maupun informasi mengenai Ilmu Pengetahuan Kebumian yang dikelola di museum tersebut. Contoh koleksi geologi yang ada di museum tersebut berdasarkan materi yakni antara lain berupa koleksi batuan, koleksi mineral, koleksi kristalografi, dan koleksi fosil. Adapula koleksi geologi berdasarkan fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi di bumi khususnya fenomena yang ada di Indonesia seperti fenomena bumi di dalam tata surya, fenomena gerakan lempeng kerak bumi aktif, fenomena gempa bumi, fenomena gunung merapi, fenomena tsunami, dan fenomena lainnya yang berkaitan dengan koleksi seperti fenomena bencana alam beserta peninggalan dari fenomena bencana tersebut yang menjadi bahan koleksi di museum. Selain itu, terdapat koleksi geologi berdasarkan sejarahnya seperti sejarah fosil manusia purba, fosil makhluk hidup primitif, dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 498, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kondisi Koleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 525, "width": 457, "height": 220, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meskipun koleksi-koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi terbilang memiliki ketahanan yang kuat contohnya seperti koleksi batuan dan mineral, namun setiap koleksi tetap memerlukan perlindungan agar dapat bertahan dalam keadaan yang baik dalam jangka waktu sepanjang- panjangnya. Dalam kegiatan observasi yang dilakukan, telah ditemukan beberapa hal yang dapat berpotensi menjadi faktor penyebab kerusakan atau ketidaklestarian koleksi serta fasilitas yang ada di Museum Geologi. Salah satunya ditemukan pada beberapa koleksi terdapat sarang laba- laba serta debu yang cukup tebal. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kebersihan perlu lebih diperhatikan. Banyaknya pengunjung juga dapat menjadi penentu seberapa besar potensi terjadinya kerusakan pada koleksi ataupun fasilitas museum. Terutama Museum Geologi yang memiliki rata-rata pengunjung mencapai 2000 setiap harinya, mulai dari kunjungan rombongan pelajar, maupun orang dewasa yakni wisatawan umum dan wisatawan asing. Akibatnya ditemukan sampah berupa minuman, alat tulis, dan sampah plastik di beberapa sudut yang dekat dengan koleksi. Tidak hanya itu, terdapat pula fasilitas berupa layar touchscreen yang mati dan rusak diakibatkan banyaknya tekanan ketika pelajar Sekolah Dasar menjadikan layar tersebut sebagai alas untuk menulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "217 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa temuan hasil observasi di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih tampak potensi faktor penyebab kerusakan yang ada di Museum Geologi, antara lain terdapat:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 307, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Debu tebal dan sarang laba-laba pada koleksi Museum Geologi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sampah berupa minuman, alat tulis, dan sampah plastik di beberapa sudut yang dekat dengan koleksi Museum Geologi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 302, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Fasilitas layar touchscreen yang pecah hingga mati dan rusak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 206, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akan tetapi dapat dikatakan bahwa koleksi atau bahan pustaka menjadi peran vital suatu lembaga informasi. Peran vital lembaga informasi yang dimilikinya perlu dioptimalisasi agar dapat mencapai tujuan dari lembaga informasi itu sendiri salah satunya adalah dengan meminimalisir adanya faktor penyebab kerusakan koleksi Museum Geologi. Hal tersebut dapat tercapai salah satunya adalah dengan menerapkan berbagai bentuk tindakan pelestarian serta perlindungan terhadap koleksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk Tindakan Preservasi Preventif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Preservasi berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu preservation yang berarti pemeliharaan atau pengawetan. Artinya tindakan preservasi yang dilakukan di museum merupakan tindakan yang dapat melindungi koleksi dari ancaman kerusakan melalui pemeliharaan atau pengawetan yang dilakukan. Sejalan dengan pengertian preservasi dari The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) pada (Harimukti, R. W., & Emdrawati, S., 2019) bahwa preservasi merupakan suatu upaya perlindungan budaya yang memiliki nilai historis melalui aktivitas atau tindakan dalam meminimalisir kerusakan fisik dan kimia untuk menghindari hilangnya informasi yang berada di dalamnya. Menurut The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) dalam Bertolin (2019) bahwasanya preservasi memiliki prinsip yang menuntut untuk,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 287, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Paham dan menghargai warisan budaya secara signifikan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 214, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Berhati-hati dalam melakukan intervensi ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 194, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menghormati keaslian dan integritas ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 575, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Mengusulkan intervensi reversibel untuk—sebanyak mungkin—menjaga keutuhan materi asli yang ada;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 252, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Memprioritaskan perawatan preventif dan efektif;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 643, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Memprioritaskan intervensi minimum: “lakukan sebanyak yang diperlukan dan sesedikit mungkin”;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Mengusulkan solusi desain yang kompatibel, yaitu, menggunakan bahan, teknik, dan detailing yang memadai berkaitan dengan material dan interaksi fisik-kimia-mekanis antara yang baru dan yang ada;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "218 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 440, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Meningkatkan penggunaan aset budaya dan pemeliharaan terprogram secara teratur yang diperlukan untuk memperluas masa kerja warisan budaya meningkatkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Tindakan multi-disiplin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 456, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara teknis tindakan preservasi dibagi menjadi dua yaitu tindakan preservasi preventif dan kuratif. Dalam tulisan ini penulis hanya akan fokus terhadap preservasi preventif merupakan tindakan perlindungan koleksi yang dilakukan sebelum adanya kerusakan atau sebagai pencegah terjadi kerusakan pada koleksi. Selain itu berdasarkan prinsip yang dikemukakan ICOMOS bisa kita ketahui bahwa tindakan preventif merupakan tindakan atau kegiatan yang harus diprioritaskan. Begitu pula dengan yang dilakukan di Museum Geologi dimana tindakan preservasi preventif diterapkan dalam upaya melindungi koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 456, "height": 206, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Direktorat Museum dijelaskan bahwa museum sendiri merupakan tempat yang berisi berbagai benda sebagai warisan budaya masa lampau dan merupakan suatu objek wisata penambah wawasan serta pengetahuan, karena tugas dari museum adalah untuk mengumpulkan, mendata, merawat, dan memamerkan koleksi yang memiliki tujuan sebagai sumber pemahaman untuk masyarakat umum (Brata et al., 2018). Demikian pula Museum Geologi yang dapat menjadi objek tempat untuk dimanfaatkan daya gunanya dengan baik oleh khalayak luas, maka perlu dilakukan suatu tindakan preservasi preventif demi melindungi koleksi. Karena tidak hanya fasilitas beragam yang dapat menunjang penyaluran informasi terkait koleksi dengan sangat baik seperti layar touchscreen yang menayangkan informasi terkait ilmu geologi, tapi Museum Geologi juga tentunya menyajikan beragam koleksi sebagai warisan budaya yang dapat dimanfaatkan hingga masa mendatang. Maka dari itu diperlukan perhatian yang intens baik pada koleksi maupun fasilitas agar dapat dioptimalisasikan. Optimalisasi tersebut dapat dilihat berdasarkan tindakan preservasi yang telah dijalankan oleh Museum Geologi, yakni dengan memperhatikan setiap segi seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 207, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pemantauan Kebersihan pada Koleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 457, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal yang menjadi perhatian utama dalam tindakan preservasi preventif di Museum Geologi adalah mengenai pemantauan kebersihan pada setiap koleksi. Pemantauan kebersihan tersebut diterapkan diiringi dengan aktivitas pembersihan seluruh koleksi di Museum Geologi secara rutin setiap 6 bulan sekali terutama untuk koleksi khusus seperti menghilangkan debu yang ada pada bebatuan. Pembersihan rutin tersebut dilakukan oleh petugas khusus dari luar lembaga yang mengerti bagaimana cara agar koleksi bersih dan tetap terlindungi. Namun tidak hanya itu, pemantauan kebersihan juga diterapkan setiap hari oleh cleaning service menggunakan kuas serta sapu sehingga sampah dan debu dapat dibersihkan dan Museum Geologi memiliki kebersihan yang baik setiap harinya meski terdapat banyaknya pengunjung yang datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 676, "width": 203, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pengawasan terhadap Suhu Ruangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 702, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, terkait dengan pengawasan terhadap suhu ruangan. Tindakan preservasi preventif dalam bentuk pengawasan terhadap suhu maupun kondisi termal ini menjadi salah satu hal yang diperhatikan pada Museum Geologi. Sebab Museum Geologi merupakan museum yang terletak di Bandung yakni daerah dengan suhu yang sejuk, maka Museum Geologi tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "219 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menyediakan AC melainkan hanya kipas exhaust karena diyakini bahwa kondisi termal di daerah Bandung sudah cukup menyesuaikan dengan suhu ruangan yang dibutuhkan dalam perlindungan koleksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 126, "width": 456, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akan tetapi berdasarkan hasil observasi, dari keempat ruang yang ada dalam Museum Geologi suhu yang dirasakan tiap ruangnya berbeda-beda. Perbedaan suhu yang paling terasa adalah di Ruang Geologi Indonesia dan Ruang Sejarah Kehidupan di sayap barat dan sayap timur lantai I. Perbedaan suhu keduanya begitu terasa. Di mana dalam ruang geologi indonesia di sayap barat yang berisi koleksi batuan dan mineral tersebut udara terasa sangat sejuk. Namun berbeda dengan ruang sejarah kehidupan di sayap timur, ruangan yang di dalamnya tersimpan berbagai macam fosil hewan, tumbuhan, hingga replika fosil manusia prasejarah ini udaranya terasa lebih panas dan dalam ruangan tersebut disediakan kipas berukuran besar yang membuat udara di dalam ruangan terasa sumpek dari ruangan lainnya. Kemungkinan hal tersebut terjadi akibat banyaknya pengunjung yang beristirahat di ruang sejarah kehidupan sebagai ruangan yang terletak pada akhir alur museum tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 302, "width": 456, "height": 102, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tindakan preservasi preventif dalam bentuk pengawasan terhadap suhu ruangan perlu lebih diperhatikan, karena seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Kusuma (2017) bahwa pada suatu ruangan kondisi termal (suhu, kelembapan, kecepatan angin dan radiasi matahari) memiliki pengaruh terhadap kondisi dari materi koleksi, kenyamanan pengunjung selama beraktivitas, dan memiliki kontribusi pada kerusakan koleksi yang ada di museum. Sehingga apabila ruangan di Museum Geologi tidak memiliki kondisi termal yang baik maka hal tersebut akan berpengaruh pada berbagai aspek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 417, "width": 329, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penanganan dan Penjagaan atau Perlindungan terhadap Koleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 444, "width": 456, "height": 206, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penanganan terhadap koleksi dilakukan khususnya terhadap koleksi yang rentan mengalami kerusakan yaitu pada fosil. Hal tersebut dimulai dari mengadakan beberapa tindakan yaitu penanganan dengan mengadakan replika fosil, tambalan fosil, dan penanganan khusus terhadap fosil asli. Pengadaan fosil replika ini disebabkan ada beberapa fosil asli yang tidak boleh dipajang dan ditampilkan. Meski fosil replika, namun fosil yang dipajang di Museum Geologi dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah. Adanya tindakan penambalan terhadap fosil juga dilakukan akibat terdapat beberapa fosil yang tidak utuh dan perlu ditambal sebagai agar fosil yang ditampilkan memiliki kemiripan bentuk sesuai dengan yang asli (rekonstruksi). Sedangkan untuk fosil asli, maka akan dilapisi dengan gipsum agar ketika koleksi tidak rentan rusak terutama pada tahap pengangkatan. Terdapat pula tahap di mana koleksi dipoles untuk mempercantik tampilan koleksi. Penanganan ini diikuti dengan tindakan preventif penjagaan atau perlindungan koleksi. Penjagaan atau perlindungan koleksi menjadi tahapan yang paling penting dalam memberikan perlindungan secara maksimal terhadap koleksi di Museum Geologi. Diterapkan dengan berbagai cara yaitu antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Mendesain tempat koleksi agar meminimalisir kerusakan faktor eksternal, yaitu terdapat kaca yang dapat melindungi koleksi. Namun terdapat pula koleksi yang tidak ditutup kaca karena memiliki permukaan yang kuat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 721, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menetapkan regulasi secara tegas bahwa pengunjung tidak boleh membawa makanan atau minuman, karena hal tersebut dapat menjadi faktor penyebab kerusakan koleksi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "220 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 70, "width": 383, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "apabila sampai makanan atau minuman mengenai koleksi dan berpotensi dapat mengganggu kebersihan ruangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Regulasi yang ditetapkan selain tidak boleh membawa makanan atau minuman adalah peraturan bahwa koleksi tidak boleh disentuh. Hal ini diterapkan dengan m eletakan stiker pada setiap koleksi agar pengunjung terus diperingati untuk tidak menyentuh koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Terdapat pemandu di setiap ruang peragaan yang bukan hanya bertugas untuk menjelaskan informasi terkait koleksi saja tetapi juga bertugas untuk mengingatkan pengunjung agar selalu mengikuti peraturan yang telah ditetapkan di Museum Geologi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Di setiap ruangan terdapat CCTV sebagai alat untuk memantau pengunjung agar terus mengikuti protokol yang sudah ditetapkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Memisahkan pintu masuk dengan pintu keluar pengunjung sehingga tidak terjadi penumpukan pengunjung di satu ruangan. Dengan ini, maka dapat meminimalisir potensi terjadi sentuhan terhadap koleksi yang tidak disengaja akibat pengunjung yang saling berdesakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 351, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 378, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 456, "height": 309, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ditarik simpulan berdasarkan uraian terkait bentuk-bentuk tindakan preservasi preventif yang telah dilaksanakan oleh Museum Geologi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlindungan koleksi di Museum Geologi melalui tindakan preservasi preventif dilakukan dengan menjalankan empat bentuk tindakan yakni (1) pemantauan terhadap kebersihan koleksi, (2) pengawasan terhadap suhu ruangan, (3) penangan terhadap koleksi, serta (4) penjagaan atau perlindungan terhadap koleksi di Museum Geologi. Bentuk yang diterapkan tersebut diterapkan agar dapat meminimalisir faktor-faktor penyebab kerusakan koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi. Perlindungan koleksi di Museum Geologi melalui tindakan preservasi dalam bentuk preventif ini telah dapat dengan baik berperan untuk mencegah terjadinya kerusakan pada koleksi. Namun meski begitu, dibutuhkan preservasi yang lebih intensif sehingga dapat mengurangi potensi adanya faktor penyebab kerusakan koleksi di Museum Geologi. Karena masih teridentifikasi bahwa masih tampak faktor penyebab kerusakan yang ada di Museum Geologi seperti pada kebersihan yang meskipun sudah diterapkan pembersihan secara rutin akan tetapi masih ada debu tebal dan sarang laba-laba pada koleksi Museum Geologi serta terdapat pula sampah berupa minuman, alat tulis, dan sampah plastik di beberapa sudut yang dekat dengan koleksi Museum Geologi. Selain itu, terkait pengawasan suhu ruangan masih belum ada pengawasan secara khusus meski terasa bahwa di setiap ruangan memiliki suhu yang berbeda-beda. Lantas mengenai penanganan dan penjagaan atau perlindungan terhadap koleksi sudah dilakukan dengan baik karena sejauh ini tidak pernah terjadi kerusakan pada koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi dan penerapan penjagaan seperti memasang CCTV, menyediakan stiker peringatan, dan bentuk tindakan preservasi preventif lainnya telah diterapkan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 728, "width": 32, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 321, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "221 | BIBLIOTIKA : Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan dan Informasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 457, "height": 206, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun saran terkait perlindungan terhadap koleksi yang ada di Museum Geologi yang ditujukan kepada pengelola koleksi Museum Geologi, yaitu pengelola Museum Geologi dianjurkan untuk lebih memperhatikan kebersihan baik pada ruangan maupun koleksi serta kondisi termal yang ada di setiap ruangan Museum Geologi. Karena sebagian besar faktor penyebab kerusakan yang terlihat berdasarkan hasil observasi adalah karena adanya debu, sarang laba-laba, sampah yang tersisa, serta terdapat temuan seperti kondisi termal yang tidak stabil. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kegiatan kebersihan secara khusus dengan lebih rutin dan intens. Dan akibat terdapat banyaknya pengunjung yang datang ke Museum Geologi dan menjadi salah satu faktor kondisi termal di setiap ruangan berbeda-beda, maka disarankan agar petugas dapat lebih memperhatikan kapasitas maksimal tiap ruangan dan tetap mengadakan pengecekan di awal masuk Museum Geologi. Hal ini dapat mencegah pelanggaran peraturan yang dilakukan oleh pengunjung seperti tidak boleh membawa makanan dan minuman ataupun menyentuh koleksi serta meminimalisir potensi terjadi sentuhan terhadap koleksi yang tidak disengaja akibat pengunjung yang saling berdesakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 290, "width": 95, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 316, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bertolin, C. (2019). Preservation of cultural heritage and resources threatened by climate change. Geosciences , 9 (6), 250.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brata, K. C., Brata, A. H., & Pramana, Y. A. (2018). Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Augmented Reality untuk Mendukung Pengenalan Koleksi Museum. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer (JTIIK), 5(3), 348.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 415, "width": 452, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gomes, D. D. C. (2020). MUSEUM TRANSPORTASI KLASIK TEMA: ARSITEKTUR POST MODERN (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Teknologi Nasional Malang).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kusuma, H. B. (2018). KENYAMANAN TERMAL PADA RUANG PAMERAN TETAP DI MUSEUM NASIONAL INDONESIA–JAKARTA. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni , 1 (2),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 486, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "501.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 513, "width": 452, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MAULIDA, Y. R. (2021). PRESERVASI PREVENTIF DI DINAS PERPUSTAKAAN DAN KEARSIPAN KOTA MADIUN: DIGITISASI ARSIP FOTO (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 450, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemerintah Indonesia. (2015). Peraturan Pemerintah No. 66 Tahun 2015 tentang Museum. Jakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 596, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putri, A. F., & Fitriyanti, D. (2022). Kegiatan preservasi di Museum Benteng Vredeburg Yogyakarta sebagai salah satu upaya pelestarian pengetahuan masa lampau. Al-Kuttab: Jurnal Kajian Perpustakaan, Informasi dan Kearsipan, 4(1), 79-90.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 653, "width": 450, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutaarga, M. A. (1998). Pedoman penyelenggaraan dan pengelolaan museum. Jakarta. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Harimukti, R. W., & Emdrawati, S. (2019, November 21). Ada Apa dengan Konservasi, Preservasi, dan Restorasi ? Retrieved October 31, 2022, from", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 724, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbyogyakarta/ada-apa-dengan-konservasi- preservasi-dan-restorasi-seri-konservasi-bagian-1/", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 475, "top": 783, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 98 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 192, "top": 94, "width": 135, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FINANCE | RESEARCH ARTICLE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 192, "top": 117, "width": 331, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Examining The Relationship Between Good Corporate Governance and Company Size on Stock Prices", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 192, "top": 184, "width": 331, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur 1* , Muhdi B. Hi. Ibrahim 2 , Yaya Sonjaya 3 , Muhammad Ridhwansyah Pasalo 4 , Najaradin Taotubun 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 216, "width": 319, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3,4,5 Department of Management, Faculty of Economic, Universitas Yapis, Papua, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]* , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 , [email protected] 4 , [email protected] 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 249, "width": 336, "height": 173, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: This study is the Effect of Good Corporate Governance Company Size on Stock Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017- 2019 period with the aim of knowing how the influence of good corporate governance ownership structure on company size on stock prices in both simultaneously and partially in companies’ manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017-2019. The Research Results conclude that Good Corporate Governance as measured by the board of directors, the board of commissioners has a negative and significant effect on stock prices, but the audit committee has a positive and significant effect on stock prices in 52 issuers during 2017-2019. Firm size as measured by the natural logarithm of total assets has a positive effect on stock prices. The greater the total assets owned by the company in the 52 issuers during 2017 to 2019 it will increase the share price. Ownership structure as measured by managerial ownership has a positive but not significant effect on stock prices, whereas institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. An increase in institutional ownership will trigger a decline in stock prices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 431, "width": 298, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Good Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure, Company Size, Stock Price JEL Classification Code: D53, F36, F38", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 499, "width": 90, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 523, "width": 393, "height": 178, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A capital market is a place for investors to invest their capital in continuing to grow. On the Indonesia Stock Exchange, listed companies are classified into nine sectors. One of the sectors that play an essential role in the Indonesian capital market is the manufacturing industry sector, which consists of three main sectors: the elemental & chemical industry, the various industrial sector, and the consumer goods industry sector (Ramsbottom et al., 2015; Spatacean, 2014; Trifonov, 2021). Indonesia's manufacturing industry's development can be seen by its significant contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Central Bureau of Statistics noted that in 2015 the assistance of the manufacturing industry to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 20.99%; in 2016, it was 20.52%; in 2017, it was 20.16%; in 2018, it was 19.86%, and in 2019 it was 19.62%. Based on this phenomenon, the company's performance in the manufacturing industry is not in good condition, so it will affect stock prices, which are reflected through the Price Earning Ratio (PER), where; PER itself is a variable that describes market psychology, namely in the form of market expectations and market perceptions of a stock. We can see that a stock's price decreases when the company's profit increases, or vice versa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 701, "width": 392, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Figure 1. This demonstrates that manufacturing industry companies' average closing share price movement fluctuated between 2015 and 2019. The average closing share price for manufacturing industry companies in 2015 was IDR 4,534. The average closing share price decreased to IDR 4,246 in 2016. In 2017, the average closing share price increased to IDR 4,998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 29, "top": 281, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: April 10, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 29, "top": 292, "width": 101, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revised: July 20, 2022 Accepted: September 22, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 29, "top": 323, "width": 137, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: Imran Syafei M. Nur, Department of Management, Faculty of Economic, Universitas Yapis, Papua, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 29, "top": 376, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 475, "top": 783, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 99 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 390, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, in 2018 there was another decrease to IDR 4,809. In 2019 the average closing share price again increased to IDR 5,030.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 97, "width": 391, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stock prices move randomly; this shows that stock price fluctuations depend on the information received. This information can be good news or bad news. The terrible report indicates that the information will have a negative impact on stock prices, namely a decrease in stock prices. On the other hand, good news suggests that this information will positively impact stock prices, namely an increase in stock prices (Mironiuc et al., 2015; Xiong et al., 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 371, "width": 367, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1: Movement of Average Closing Share Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 409, "width": 394, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The phenomenon of stock price fluctuations indicates that the performance of a company's management needs improvement so that the company's performance increases. However, it is often encountered that management has goals and personal interests that conflict with the company's main goals and even ignore the interests of shareholders. Management's interests will add costs to the company and affect the stock price, causing a decrease in profits. These differences in interests give rise to agency conflict (Charbel et al., 2013; Richardson et al., 2022). This conflict of interest between management and shareholders is the background to the need for good corporate governance, one of which is by paying attention to Good Corporate Governance (GCG).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 511, "width": 392, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 shows that the average closing share price movement in manufacturing industry companies from 2015-2019 has fluctuated. The average closing share price for manufacturing industry companies in 2015 was IDR 4,534. The average closing share price decreased to IDR 4,246 in 2016. In 2017, the average closing share price increased to IDR 4,998. However, in 2018 there was another decrease to IDR 4,809. In 2019 the average closing share price again increased to IDR 5,030.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 587, "width": 391, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stock prices move randomly; this shows that stock price fluctuations depend on the information received. This information can be good news or bad news. The bad news (bad news) indicates that the information will have a negative impact on stock prices, namely a decrease in stock prices. On the other hand, good news indicates that this information will positively impact stock prices, namely an increase in stock prices (Ramsbottom et al., 2015; Su et al., 2022; Sun, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 651, "width": 392, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The phenomenon of stock price fluctuations indicates that the performance of a company's management needs improvement so that the company's performance increases. However, it is often encountered that management has goals and personal interests that conflict with the company's main goals and even ignore the interests of shareholders. Management's interests will add costs to the company and affect the stock price, causing a decrease in profits. These differences in interests give rise to agency conflict (Kohlbeck & Luo, 2019; Lornudd et al., 2021; Richardson et al., 2022). It is this ICT of interest between management and shareholders that e background to the need for good corporate governance, one of which is by paying attention to Good Corporate Governance (GCG) (Borgholthaus et al., 2021; Habib & Jiang, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 177, "width": 229, "height": 179, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 2015 2016 2017 2018", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 448, "top": 343, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 100 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 393, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Indonesian Institute for Corporate Governance defines good corporate governance (GCG) as a process and structure implemented in running a company with the primary goal of increasing shareholders' welfare in the long term while taking into account the interests of other stakeholders (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2016). Good Corporate Mechanisms Governance is expected to increase supervision for the company, while the dimensions of Good Corporate Governance are the board of commissioners, board of directors, and audit committee. The board of commissioners is tasked with supervising company policies expected to improve company performance and increase market confidence. The more the number of commissioners, the more reliable the quality of financial reports because better supervision will show better company performance. This condition also impacts increasing market reaction to investor confidence to invest because stock prices will also increase (Mironiuc et al., 2015). The results of the research (Borgholthaus et al., 2021)show that the board of directors, independent commissioners, and institutional ownership positively influence the company's stock price. In contrast, research conducted by Henry (2010)shows that the mechanism of good corporate governance, as measured by the board of commissioners, has no effect or has a negative effect on market reactions measured by stock prices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 263, "width": 394, "height": 267, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The audit committee has to assist the board of commissioners in ensuring that the company has presented its financial reports somewhat following generally accepted accounting principles, ensuring that the company has implemented internal control, risk management, and good corporate governance, and ensuring that the external and internal audit functions are running well. When the audit committee carries out this task well, earnings management can be reduced so that stock prices will increase and the market will respond positively (Syafaatul, 2014). The results of research conducted by (Sondokan et al ., 2019) show that the mechanism of good corporate governance, as measured by the audit committee, has an influence or a positive effect on market reactions. In contrast, research conducted by (Nurdina & Suhardiyah, 2017) shows that the mechanism of good corporate governance, as measured by the audit committee, has no influence or negative effect on market reactions. In addition to Good Corporate Governance, the ownership structure can affect share prices and attract investors to invest in the company. The dimensions of the ownership structure are institutional ownership and managerial ownership. Managerial ownership is a management party that actively makes company decisions (managers, directors, or commissioners) and is allowed to own company shares (shareholders). Company owners or shareholders will ask management to improve their performance or increase the company's value so that its goals will be achieved. However, management often has goals and interests that conflict with the company's main goals and ignores shareholders' interests. This difference in interests results in the emergence of agency conflict. Agency conflict results in opportunistic management, resulting in falsely reported profits, which will cause the company's value to decrease in the future (Kohlbeck & Luo, 2019).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 529, "width": 394, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kohlbeck & Luo (2019) Suggests that there is a positive relationship between managerial ownership and firm value. The results of the research supporting Jensen and Meckling were conducted by Ullah et al. (2020), who found that managerial ownership positively affects firm value as reflected in stock prices. Different from his research (Minoja & Romano, 2021) state that managerial ownership has a negative and insignificant effect on stock prices. Institutional ownership has an essential meaning in monitoring management because the existence of institutional ownership can encourage an increase in more optimal supervision. This monitoring can guarantee prosperity for institutional ownership shareholders who, as supervisory agents, are to be pressured through sizable investments in the capital market. This is in line with research (Agostino & Ruberto, 2021) which states that institutional ownership positively affects company value, which is reflected through stock prices. In contrast, research conducted by (Duygun et al., 2018; Govindan et al., 2021) shows that ownership structure as measured by institutional ownership has no influence or negative effect on stock prices.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 695, "width": 391, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size is the size of the company in terms of total assets because the total assets of the entire company are more stable in movement and better reflect the wealth of company resources in managing the company (Duréndez & Madrid-Guijarro, 2018). The size of a company can affect its stock price of a company. The greater the total assets owned by the company, it shows that the larger the size of the company in maximizing company performance and the company's stock price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 101 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 393, "height": 165, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is higher, whereas if the company size is smaller, the company's stock price will also be lower (Rochmah Ika & Mohd Ghazali, 2012). The results of research conducted by Rochmah Ika & Mohd Ghazali (2012) show that company size as measured by total company assets has an influence or a positive effect on market prices. In contrast, research conducted by (Mokhtar et al., 2016) shows that company size, as measured by the company's total assets, has no influence or negative effect on market prices. Based on that, this research is: (1). Good Corporate Governance influences share prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015- 2019 Period; (2). How Does the Ownership Structure Affect Stock Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 Period; (3). How Does Company Size Affect Stock Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 Period; (4). Good Corporate Governance Influence, Ownership Structure, and Company Size on Share Prices in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 Period.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 249, "width": 236, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Literature Review and Hypothesis Development", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 276, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Stock Price", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 301, "width": 393, "height": 280, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stocks are one of the most popular capital market instruments for investors because they provide an attractive rate of return. Shares can signify a person's or unilateral equity participation (business entity) in a company or limited liability company. By including this capital, the party has claims on the company's income and assets and has the right to attend the general meeting of shareholders (GMS). The share price is the closing price of the stock market during the observation period for each stock sampled, and investors always observe its movements. One of the basic concepts in financial management is that the goal to be achieved in financial management is to maximize the company's value. This goal can be achieved for companies that have gone public by maximizing the market value of the share price in question. Thus, decision-making is always based on the consideration of maximizing the wealth of shareholders. Kandil & Chowdhury, (2014); Morris et al. (2020) states that share prices are formed through the mechanism of demand and supply of the capital market. If a stock experiences excess demand, the stock price tends to rise; conversely, if there is excess supply, the stock price tends to fall. According to Siregar & Batubara (2017), the stock price is the price of a share that occurs on the stock market at a particular time, determined by market participants and determined by the demand and supply of the shares concerned in the capital market. Furthermore, according to Morris et al. (2020), share prices determine the shareholders' wealth. Maximization of shareholder wealth translates into maximizing the company's share price. The price of a stock at any given time will depend on the cash flows that the 'average' investor expects to receive in the future if the investor buys the stock.\" Stock prices are influenced by two main factors: fundamental analysis and technical analysis. Fundamental analysis helps know the company's condition both quantitatively and qualitatively. This research uses fundamental quantitative analysis, which is reflected through the Price Earning Ratio (PER).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 593, "width": 80, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Agency Theory", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 618, "width": 396, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agency theory was proposed by Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling (1976). Agency theory discusses the relationship between the owner (principal) and the manager (agent). This agency theory explains the contractual relationship between the manager (agent) and the owner (principal). The company's owner gives decision-making authority to managers following the employment contract. Ullah et al. (2020) divides agency theory into 3 (three) assumptions, namely: assumptions about human nature, assumptions about the organization, and assumptions about information. Assumptions about human nature explain that Humans have the nature to be selfish (self-interest), have limited rationality (bounded rationality), and do not like risk (risk aversion) (Linardi, 2020). Organizational assumptions explain conflicts between members of the organization, efficiency as a productivity criterion, and the existence of Asymmetric Information (AI) between company owners and management. Assumptions about information are a concept that", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 102 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 391, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "explains that information is a commodity. Jensen and Meckling (1976) explain two problems that arise due to information asymmetry, namely: Moral Hazard, namely problems that arise if the agent does not carry out the things that have been mutually agreed upon in the work contract. Secondly, Adverse Selection, namely a situation where the principal cannot know whether a decision taken by the agent is based on the information he has obtained or occurs as negligence of duty. According to Charbel et al. (2013), in the concept of Agency Theory, management as an agent should be on behalf of the best interests of the shareholders. However, it is also possible that management is only concerned with its interests to maximize utility. Management that carries out operating activities that are not profitable for the company in the long term can harm the interests of the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 198, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Good Corporate Governance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 223, "width": 397, "height": 179, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Only now, experts still need help defining good corporate governance that can accommodate various interests. The non-accommodative definition for all parties interested in Good Corporate Governance has yet to be formed due to the cross-sectoral coverage of Good Corporate Governance. Good Corporate Governance can be approached from various disciplines, including macroeconomics, organizational theory, information theory, accounting, finance, management, psychology, sociology, and politics (Borgholthaus et al., 2021). Good Corporate Governance (GCG) is more indicated for the company's control and regulatory systems. The main objective of Good Corporate Governance is to create a system of checks and balances to prevent the misuse of company resources and continue to encourage growth. Company. The definition of good corporate governance (GCG), following BUMN State Decree No.117/2002, is a process and structure used by BUMN organizations to increase business success and corporate accountability in order to realize shareholder value in the long term and still pay attention to the interests of other stakeholders, based on statutory regulations and ethical values. According to (Borgholthaus et al., 2021), The main principles of GCG needed to support the achievement of company goals are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 414, "width": 376, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Transparency can be interpreted as information disclosure, both in the decision-making process and in disclosing material and relevant information about the company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 439, "width": 378, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Accountability is the clarity of functions, structures, systems, and responsibilities of the company's organs so that the management of the company is carried out effectively.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 465, "width": 377, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Responsibility (Responsibility), corporate responsibility is conformity (compliance) in the company's management to the principles of a healthy corporation and applicable laws and regulations.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 503, "width": 381, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Independence, or self-sufficiency, is a condition where the company is managed professionally without any conflict of interest or that is not following applicable laws and regulations and sound corporate principles.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 541, "width": 376, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Fairness, namely fair and equal treatment in fulfilling stakeholder rights that arise based on agreements and applicable laws and regulations.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 579, "width": 392, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the statement above, companies must provide opportunities for stakeholders to provide input and express opinions for the company's interests. Companies must provide equal and fair treatment to stakeholders following the benefits provided to the company. Companies must also provide opportunities to accept employees, have a career, and carry out their duties professionally without discriminating against ethnicity, religion, or race.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 655, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4. Ownership Structure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 680, "width": 392, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ownership structure or insider ownership is the composition, portion, comparison, or percentage between capital, and equity, including shares owned by people inside the company ( Insider Shareholders) and investors (outside shareholders) (Phillips et al., 2019). The ownership structure is a form of commitment from shareholders to delegate control to a certain level to managers. The company owner will show professional agents who have previously been selected through the selection and who will then carry out their duties to manage the company. In the end, this is required to maximize the company's value. The ownership structure can be calculated based", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 103 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 393, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "on the number of shareholder shares divided by the total number of existing shares. The composition of shareholders consists of insider ownership and outsider ownership. Outsiders can be domestic institutions, foreign institutions, governments, or domestic and foreign individuals; insiders are often referred to as managerial ownership or managerial ownership. According to (Govindan et al., 2021), the ownership structure is the structure of share ownership, namely the ratio between the number of shares owned by insiders and the number of shares owned by investors. In other words, the shareholding structure is the proportion of institutional and management ownership in the company's shareholding. In carrying out its activities, a company is represented by directors (agents) appointed by the shareholders (principals).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 198, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.5. Company Size", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 223, "width": 392, "height": 217, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size is a size, scale, or variable that describes the company's size based on several conditions, such as total assets, log size, market value, shares, total sales, total income, total capital, and others. The grouping of companies on the basis of operating scale is generally divided into three categories: large firms, medium-sized firms, and small firms (Susanty et al., 2022). Company size is a scale that can be calculated by the total assets and sales level, which can indicate the company's condition where a larger company will have an advantage in the source of funds obtained to finance its investment in obtaining profits. Company size can be used to represent the company's financial characteristics. Extensive, well-established companies will find it easier to obtain capital in the capital market than small companies. Because that ease of access means larger companies have greater flexibility. Variation of abnormal returns from stocks related to company size is influenced by company beta. This is due to changes in the risk of stocks and bonds during the return movement, according to (Mokhtar et al., 2016)Small companies that have low capitalization are more exposed to risk. These companies prefer to obtain funds from creditors rather than investors. Funds obtained from creditors are seen as easier for small-scale companies because the requirements needed to obtain loan funds are relatively easy compared to conducting an Initial Public Offering (IPO) on the Stock Exchange. Meanwhile, large companies tend to be the opposite, namely, choosing to obtain funds sourced from investors.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 451, "width": 164, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Research Method and Materials", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 478, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. Research Approach", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 506, "width": 392, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The paradigm of this research is descriptive quantitative research. Alleyne & Howard (2005) states that the descriptive format aims to describe and summarize various conditions, situations, or variables that arise in society and are the object of research. Septiani & Wuryani (2020) states that descriptive research aims to explain the characteristics of a phenomenon, and descriptive research will answer what, who, when, and why. Moreover, help researchers to explain the characteristics of the subjects studied and examine various aspects of certain phenomena. So that in this study, researchers will describe the influence of Good Corporate Governance, Ownership Structure, and Company Size on Market reactions in Manufacturing Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the Period 2015-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 632, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Population and Research Sample", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 660, "width": 393, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The population is data that concerns researchers within a specified scope and time. The population of this study is Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period, where 180 manufacturing companies that went public were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. As for the research sample collection used is using the Slovin formula with proportional sample determination was calculated based on the company in each sub-sector, so to determine the number of samples in each sub-sector, calculated by the formula: (population: total population) x the number of samples, so that the total sample of the research is 64 companies spread across various manufacturing sectors for the 2015-2019 period. The type of data used in this study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 104 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is secondary data, with the data collection technique used as documentation. The data source for this research was obtained from the ICMD website and the company's annual report.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 109, "width": 79, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3. Data analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 136, "width": 393, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The method used in analyzing the research data is multiple regression analysis. Multiple linear analysis helps look for the effect of two or more predictor variables on the criterion variable. Multiple regression analysis will be carried out if the number of independent variables is at least 2 (Ghozali, 2018). Following the explanation above, these independent variables include good corporate governance, share ownership structure, and company size. In contrast, the dependent variable, namely stock prices, is reflected through the Price Earning Ratio. Khamis & AbRashid (2018) states that the regression equation for the three predictors is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 238, "width": 253, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝛾𝛾 0 + 𝛾𝛾 1 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾 2 𝑆𝑆𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑆𝑆𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝛾𝛾 3 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑀𝑀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 + 𝜀𝜀 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 260, "width": 392, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, other tests are also used such as the Classical Assumption test, used to test whether the regression shows a significant and representative relationship, with the four classical assumption tests namely the normality test, mutilcollinearity test, autocorrelation test, and heteroscedasticity test. Then the T-test (partial testing), F test (simultaneous testing) and Determination Test. With statistical hypothesis and hypothesis testing, where the accuracy of the sample regression function in estimating the actual value can be measured from itsgoodness of fit . Statistically, at least this can be measured by the t-statistic value, the f statistic value, the correlation coefficient value and the determinant coefficient value (R 2 ). Statistical calculations are called statistically significant, if the statistical value test is in the critical area (area where Ho is rejected). Conversely, it is called insignificant if the statistical value test is in the area where Ho is accepted. The hypotheses from partial and simultaneous testing are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 412, "width": 383, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H01 : β = 0: It is suspected that there is no influence from Good Corporate Governance on stock prices as reflected in PER", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 438, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H01: β ≠ 0: It is suspected that there is no influence from Good Corporate Governance on stock prices as reflected in PER", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 464, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H02 : β = 0: It is suspected that there is no influence from the Share Ownership Structure on the Share Price as reflected in the PER", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 490, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H02: β ≠ 0:It is suspected that there is an influence from the Share Ownership Structure on Share Prices as reflected in the PER", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 515, "width": 382, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H03 : β = 0:It is suspected that there is no effect of company size on stock prices as reflected in PER", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 541, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H03: β ≠ 0: It is suspected that there is an influence of company size on stock prices as reflected in PER", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 567, "width": 383, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H04 : β = 0: It is suspected that there is no influence from Good Corporate Governance, Share Ownership Structure, and Company Size on Share Prices as reflected in PER", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 593, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H04 : β = 0: It is suspected that there is influence from Good Corporate Governance, Share Ownership Structure, and Company Size on Share Prices as reflected in PER.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 630, "width": 123, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 657, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1. Descriptive Statistical Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 684, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the estimation results performed using the Fixed Effect Model, the empirical model obtained is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 709, "width": 361, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1: Stock Price Model Estimation Results Dependent Variable: LOG(MARKETREACT) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C -3.717116 3.620881 -1.026578 0.3071", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 50, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 105 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 168, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dependent Variable: LOG(MARKETREACT) Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. Directors -0.158602 0.022593 -7.019924 0.0000*** Commisioners -0.060568 0.019964 -3.033858 0.0031*** Auditors 0.128927 0.123020 1.048013 0.0472** Log (Asset) 0.428461 0.125105 3.424817 0.0009*** Managerial owner 0.639232 0.707417 0.903614 0.3684 Institutional owner -1.591455 0.418838 -3.799690 0.0003*** R-squared 0.957952 Mean dependent var 18.94512 Adjusted R-squared 0.946761 S.D. dependent var 24.10581 S.E. of regression 0.378823 Sum squared resid 14.06370 F-statistic 837.8056 Durbin-Watson stat 2.353122 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 Source: Processing Results, 2021. Note: ***) significant at 1% **) significant at 5% level.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 150, "top": 253, "width": 313, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In accordance with the empirical results above, the model of this study becomes:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 279, "width": 361, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ln Marketreact= -3.71 - 0.15lndirectors - 0.06 lncommisioners + 0.12 lnauditors + 0.42 lnasset + 0.63 managerialowner – 1.51 institutionalowner + e", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 317, "width": 399, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• The value of the constant estimator is -3.71, which means that without involving the independent variables above, the average stock price will move down by -3.26 percent.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 343, "width": 397, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Good corporate governance as measured by the company's board of directors has a negative effect on share price, an increase in the board of directors will decrease the share price by 0.15 percent assuming other variables are held constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 382, "width": 398, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Good corporate governance as measured by the company's board of commissioners has a negative effect on stock prices, an increase in the board of commissioners will reduce the stock price by 0.06 percent assuming other variables are held constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 421, "width": 396, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Good corporate governance as measured by the company's audit committee has a positive effect on stock prices, an increase in the audit committee will increase the stock price by 0.33 percent assuming other variables are considered constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 460, "width": 397, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Company size as measured by total company assets has a positive effect on stock prices , an increase in company assets will increase stock prices by 0.12 percent assuming other variables are held constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 499, "width": 398, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• The managerial ownership ratio has a positive effect on stock prices, an increase in the managerial ownership ratio will increase the stock price by 0.63 percent assuming other variables are held constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 538, "width": 398, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Institutional ownership ratio has a negative effect on stock prices, an increase in institutional ownership ratio will reduce stock prices by 1.59 percent assuming other variables are held constant.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 589, "width": 153, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2. T-test (partial regression test)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 617, "width": 393, "height": 102, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The t-test is used to see the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable partially. For this purpose, testing the regression coefficients individually (Testing Individual Regression Coefficient) using the t-test. If the t-calculated absolute value obtained is greater than the t-estimated value at a certain level of significance and degrees of freedom (NT-Nk), then Ho is rejected. Determination of test criteria is based on a comparison between the p-value obtained with an alpha of 5%. If the p-value is greater than alpha 5% then ti is significant, and if the p-value is less than alpha 5% then it is significant. Explicitly the results of testing the significance of the effect of each variable on stock prices are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 446, "top": 50, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 106 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 72, "width": 345, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2: T-Test Variabel Probability (p-value) Info Directors 0.0000 Significant Commisioners 0.0031 Significant Auditors 0.0472 Significant Asset 0.0009 Significant Managerial Owner 0.3684 Significant Institutional Owner 0.0003 Significant Source: Processed Data, 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 192, "width": 396, "height": 63, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Testing the Influence of the Board of Directors on stock prices From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the board of directors’ variable is < 0.01. If the p-value is compared to the 5% significance level, the p-value obtained is still less than 5% so that Ho is rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that the board of directors has a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 255, "width": 397, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Testing the Influence of the Board of Commissioners on share prices From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the board of commissioner’s variable is 0.0031. If the p-value is compared to all significance levels, the p-value obtained is still greater than all α significance levels so that it can be concluded that the board of commissioners has had a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 319, "width": 398, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Testing the influence of the audit committee on stock prices From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the audit committee variable is 0.0391. If the p-value is compared to the significance level 5%, the p-value obtained is still less than the significance of α 5% so that it can be concluded that the audit committee has a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 382, "width": 167, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Testing the Effect of Assets on stock prices", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 395, "width": 390, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the company size variable as measured by total assets is 0.0472. If the p-value is compared to the 5% significance level, the p-value obtained is still less than the α significance of 5%, so it can be concluded that the number of assets has a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 446, "width": 233, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Testing the Effect of Managerial Ownership on stock prices", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 136, "top": 459, "width": 390, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the managerial ownership variable is 0.3684. If the p-value is compared to the 5% significance level, the p-value obtained is still greater than the α significance of 5% so that it can be concluded that managerial ownership has a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 510, "width": 397, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Testing the Effect of Institutional Ownership on stock prices From the results of the analysis that has been done, it is known that the p-value for the institutional ownership variable is 0.0003. If the p-value is compared to the 5% significance level, the p-value obtained is still less than the α significance of 5% so that it can be concluded that institutional ownership has a significant effect on stock prices during 2017-2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 586, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3. F-Test (Simultaneous Testing)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 613, "width": 395, "height": 130, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, in testing the suitability of the model, the F - test statistic was used to conclude whether the exogenous variables in the model together could describe a linear relationship with the endogenous variables. The F-test statistic value is 163.8704. The F- estimated values at the significance level of 1%, 5% and 10% at degrees of freedom df1=k-1=5 and df2=52-6-1=45 are as follows: Table 3: Simultaneous Test F df1 df2 α F-estimated F-Calculated Prob F-stat Info 5 45 1% 3.45 837.8056 0.000000 Significant 5% 2.42 Significant 10% 1.98 Significant", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 195, "top": 785, "width": 270, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY SA) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 37, "top": 19, "width": 249, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imran Syafei M. Nur, et al . Golden Ratio of Finance Management , Vol.2, Issue. 2 (2022)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 37, "top": 35, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52970/grfm.v2i2.175", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 37, "top": 50, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://goldenratio.id/index.php/grfm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 446, "top": 50, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN [Online]: 27766780", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 783, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 107 of 107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 72, "width": 392, "height": 64, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When compared, the calculated F-value obtained is still greater than the F- estimated value at all levels of significance so that Ho is rejected. Thus, it can be concluded that the variables of the board of directors, board of commissioners, audit committee, total assets, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership together have a significant effect on stock prices at 52 issuers during 2017-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 147, "width": 208, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.4. Coefficient of Determination (Adjusted-R 2 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 175, "width": 392, "height": 140, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coefficient of determination reflects the magnitude of the influence of changes in the independent variables in carrying out changes to the independent variables together, with the aim of measuring the correctness and goodness of the relationship between variables in the model used. The value of Adj.R 2 ranges from 0< Adj.R 2 <1. If the value of Adj.R 2 is getting closer to one, then the proposed model is said to be good because the higher the variation in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variable. Based on the results of the previous analysis, it is known that the coefficient of determination for the observed regression model is 0.946761. This value means that 94.67 percent of changes in the observed stock price variable during 2017-2019 are influenced by the board of directors, board of commissioners, audit committee, total assets, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership while the remaining 5.33% is influenced by other variables outside the model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 327, "width": 68, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 353, "width": 391, "height": 128, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the analysis and discussion related to market reactions that occurred in Eastern Indonesia, it can be concluded that: (1). Good Corporate Governance as measured by the board of directors, the board of commissioners has a negative and significant effect on stock prices, but the audit committee has a positive and significant effect on market reactions in 52 issuers during 2017-2019: (2). Company size as measured by the natural logarithm of total assets has a positive effect on stock prices. The greater the total assets owned by companies with 52 issuers from 2017 to 2019, the higher the stock price: (3). Ownership structure as measured by managerial ownership has a positive but not significant effect on stock prices, whereas institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on stock prices. An increase in institutional ownership will trigger a decline in share prices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 492, "width": 53, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 518, "width": 399, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agostino, M., & Ruberto, S. (2021). Environment-friendly practices: Family versus non-family firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 329, 129689. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129689 Alleyne, P., & Howard, M. (2005). An exploratory study of auditors’ responsibility for fraud detection in Barbados. Managerial Auditing Journal, 20(3), 284–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900510585618 Borgholthaus, C. J., Iyer, D. N., & O’Brien, J. P. (2021). The effects of firm aspirational performance on changes in leadership structure. 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[ { "left": 195, "top": 49, "width": 185, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 63, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 1, 2023, pp. 82-88", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 85, "width": 220, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EISSN 2579-8162 ISSN 2355-4150 https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/jagaditha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 136, "width": 448, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 177, "width": 195, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 210, "width": 322, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anak Agung Istri Winda Novitasari* and Ida Bagus Udayana Putra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 234, "width": 191, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar-Bali *E-mail:[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 408, "top": 268, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published: 1/03/2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 283, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to cite (in APA style):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 298, "width": 448, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Novitasari, A, A, I, W., Putra, I, B, U. (2023). The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha , 10 (1), 82-88. doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/jj.10.1.2023.82-88", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 347, "width": 392, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract —This research aims to analyze the role of organizational commitment in mediating the effect of job satisfaction and compensation on employee performance at the Ongan & Kimi Sushi. The sample in this research is the entire population of 30 people. This research uses a Likert scale to measure variables when testing the validity and reliability of variables. Data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews, and surveys. This research uses Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results of the research indicate (1) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, (2) compensation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, (3) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, (4) compensation has a positive effect and significant effect on employee performance, (5) organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, (6) organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance, and (7) organizational commitment partially mediates the relationship between compensation and performance employee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 507, "width": 392, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: compensation; employee per for mance; job satisfaction; or ganizational commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 549, "width": 112, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 561, "width": 211, "height": 199, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the current era of the industrial revolution 4.0, companies or business entrepreneurs are expected to be able to maintain their position and be able to compete with their competitors. In realizing this, every company must have competent, qualified, and professional human resources to achieve the desired goals. Human resources are the main asset for a company that are active planners and actors in various activities within the company. Human resources is a science or a way of managing relationships and the role of resources (labour) owned by individuals efficiently and effectively and can be used optimally so that the company, employees and society can achieve the maximum (Bintoro & Daryanto, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 538, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The role of human resources becomes increasingly important when it is associated with global developments full of competition between companies. One of the ways that companies do in facing competition is by empowering and exploring all the potential of their human resources to the fullest. In line with this, a company needs to increase its attention to the quality of its employees, both in terms of the quality of knowledge and skills, career and level of welfare, to improve employee achievement and performance to give all their abilities in achieving company goals.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 705, "width": 211, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee performance significantly affects the development of a company. Performance is the level of success of employees in completing their work. Performance is a manifestation of ability in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 435, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Page 82", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "form of actual work or is the result of work achieved by employees in carrying out tasks and jobs that come from the company (Priansa, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 125, "width": 211, "height": 152, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Ongan & Kimi Sushi is a Jimbaran grilled fish restaurant located in the capital Denpasar. This restaurant has a variety of menus, namely Balinese, Indonesian, Chinese, and Japanese cuisine. There is also a meeting room that can be rented out to visitors who want to hold a meeting, a playground that can be used as a place for children to play, and a picnic area that can be enjoyed by visitors with a nice and pretty river view. The use of social media is used as the most effective and efficient marketing tool to survive and thrive in the face of business competition.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 280, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One measure of a company's success in this increasingly fierce competition is to earn profits through achieving targets and increasing sales volume. Employee performance is a key to the company's success, as well as the company's ability to attract and retain customers. The better the employee's performance, the company's goals will be achieved, whereas if the employee's performance decreases, it will hinder the realization of company goals.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 211, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The realization of product sales at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi Restaurant in 2021 has not reached the product sales target set by the company. Sales targets have not been achieved indicating the ability of employees is not optimal in realizing the number of products sold at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi Restaurant. This condition means the increasing difference between the target and the realization achieved. The inability of employees to work determines the level of success of the company, so the company has not been able to obtain maximum profit. The following is the sales target data and realization of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 591, "width": 211, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Companies in carrying out their business operations need employees who have excellent performances in contributing, developing, and improving the company. Companies need to pay attention to employee organizational commitment that reflects the attachment to the company, can meet organizational goals and maintain loyalty to the company. Employees who have high organizational commitments will improve their performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 712, "width": 190, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Kaswan (2017),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 723, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "organizational commitment is a measure of an employee's willingness to stay with a company in the future. Employees who have a high", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "commitment to their company will continue to strive to develop themselves to improve the quality of their work, which will ultimately support the development of the company in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 137, "width": 211, "height": 221, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Muis et al. (2018), organizational commitment can be interpreted as a strong will as a member of the organization, which reflects employee performance in the organization and is a continuous process of expressing concern for its success and progress to remain in the organization. Studies conducted by Permata (2017); Padmanegara (2018) and Mardyana & Riana (2019) show that organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on mediating the impact of job satisfaction on employee performance. Studies conducted by Azikin et al. (2019); Sulastri (2020) and Triwahyuni & Ekowati (2017) show that organizational commitment has a positive and significant impact in mediating the effect of compensation on employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 362, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Many factors can affect employee performance, one of which is job satisfaction. Employee job satisfaction can significantly affect aspects of company life related to organizational commitment and performance (Gunawan et al., 2018). Job satisfaction is a positive attitude of the workforce towards feelings and behaviour towards work through evaluating one job as a sense of respect in achieving one of the main values of work (Afandi, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 494, "width": 211, "height": 268, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studies conducted by Destari (2017), Padmanegara (2018), Mardyana & Riana (2019), Prawira & Suwandana (2019) and Nasution (2021) show that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment and the performance of the employee. In addition to the phenomenon above, there is a gap between previous research, namely research conducted by Narasuci et al. (2018) which states that job satisfaction does not affect lecturer performance and Adhan et al. (2020) states that job satisfaction does not support lecturer performance when mediated through organizational commitment. In addition to job satisfaction, compensation also affects employee performance. Compensation is essential for employees because the amount of compensation is a measure of the value of the employee's work itself. According to Hasibuan & Malayu (2017), compensation is all income in the form of money, or goods directly or indirectly received by employees in return for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 43, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 83", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 228, "top": 772, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 74, "width": 153, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "services provided to the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 90, "width": 190, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studies conducted by Ridwan (2018),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 102, "width": 211, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manurung (2020), Permatasari (2020),", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 113, "width": 211, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armantari et al. (2021) and Majid (2021) show that compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Meanwhile, research conducted by Aromega et al. (2019) and Sulastri (2020) shows that compensation does not affect employee performance. Based on the background and the previous studies above, this study aims to analyze the role of organizational commitment in mediating the effect of job satisfaction and compensation on employee performance at Ongan & Kimi Sushi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 43, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 263, "width": 212, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Target Data and Realization of Product Sales of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi in 2021 Month Product Sales Target (Unit) Realiza- tion of Product Sales (Unit) Percent- age of Product Sales (%) January 25,000 14,250 57 February 25,000 15018 60 March 25,000 12025 48 April 25,000 10,369 41 May 25,000 11024 44 June 25,000 11,821 47 July 25,000 11,967 48 August 25,000 12,890 52 September 25,000 15,074 60 October 25,000 15,622 62 November 25,000 18,981 76 December 25,000 16,342 65 (Source: The Ongan & Kimi Sushi) II. CONCEPT AND HYPOTHESIS Factors that influence employee performance include organizational commitment, job satisfaction and compensation . These factors are considered likely to influence the improvement of the performance of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi employees. This study examines organizational commitment (Y1) as a mediation effect of job satisfaction (X1) and compensation (X2) on employee performance (Y2).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 740, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Conceptual Fr amewor k", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 333, "top": 75, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The hypothesis in this study are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 90, "width": 211, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1 : Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee organizational commitment H2 : Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee organizational commitment", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 168, "width": 211, "height": 180, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance H4 : Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance H5: Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance H6 : The role of organizational commitment mediates the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance H7 : The role of organizational commitment mediates the effect of compensation on employee performance", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 363, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 375, "width": 212, "height": 385, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research was conducted at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi which is located at Jalan Noja Saraswati No. 12A Denpasar. The Ongan & Kimi Sushi is a Jimbaran grilled fish restaurant located in the capital Denpasar. This restaurant has a variety of menus, namely Balinese, Indonesian, Chinese and Japanese cuisine. There is also a playground and a nice view of the river which is the main attraction and advantage of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi. Exogenous constructs often referred to as stimulus variables, are fixed in Indonesian and are often referred to as independent variables, namely variables that influence or become the cause or change or emergence of the dependent variable (Sugiyono, 2019). The exogenous constructs in this study are job satisfaction (X1) and compensation (X2). The endogenous construct is often referred to as the output variable and is often referred to as the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the variable that affects and is the result of the independent variable (Sugiyono, 2019). The endogenous constructs in this study are organizational commitment (Y1) and employee performance (Y2), where organizational commitment is also an endogenous intervening construct. The population of this study was all 30 employees of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi. This research used sampling techniques that saturated sampling or called a census. According to Sugiyono (2019), saturated sampling is a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 435, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Page 84", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 234, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sampling technique in which all members of the population are sampled, usually, if the population is relatively small, less than 30, or the researcher wants to make generalizations with trivial errors. Another term for a saturated sample is a census, where the entire population is sampled. Based on the explanation above, the sample used in this study is the entire population, namely all employees of The Ongan & Kimi Sushi, totalling 30 employees. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews and surveys. The research instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests. Determining the data scale used to measure the instrument in this study uses a Likert scale. This research uses the descriptive analysis method and inferential analysis. In analyzing the influence between exogenous variables and endogenous variables this study used Partial Least Square (PLS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 323, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 335, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data analysis in this study used the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis tool. The analysis process includes the outer model and the inner model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 385, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluation of the measurement model (outer model) is carried out through several approaches, namely.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 424, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Convergent Validity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 440, "width": 211, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results showed that all indicators that make up the research construct have an outer loading value greater than 0.50 and are statistically significant at the 0.05 level so they are said to be valid in terms of Convergent validity criteria. The calculation results can be seen more clearly in figure 2 and figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 43, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 772, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 705, "width": 202, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2. Outer loading and path coefficient be- tween constructs", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 311, "top": 205, "width": 207, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3. Bootstr apping/Statistical Test of Rela- tionships Between Constructs", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 333, "top": 247, "width": 96, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discriminant Validity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 263, "width": 211, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research results show that all construct indicator indices in each block show a higher value than other constructs in the same block. So that it meets the valid requirements in terms of discriminant validity criteria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 325, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Composite Reliability And Cronbach Alpha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 352, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research results show that the Composite reliability and Cronbach alpha values of all constructs meet the reliability requirements, namely with each index value greater than 0.70.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 415, "width": 211, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluation of the structural model (inner model) is carried out through several approaches, namely.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 453, "width": 208, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structural Model Evaluation Through R- Square (R2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results showed that the R-Square value of employee performance of 0.833 was included in the strong model criteria, meaning that job satisfaction, compensation and organizational commitment were able to explain variations in the performance of 83.30 percent, while the remaining 14.70 percent was explained by variations in other variables outside the research model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 590, "width": 208, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structural Model Evaluation through Q- Square Predictive Relevance (Q2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 617, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The calculation results produce an employee performance Q2 value of 0.496. Likewise, Q2 organizational commitment of 0.469 is a strong model. This means that the estimation model built in this study has a good level of prediction accuracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 691, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structural Model Evaluation through Goodness of Fit (GoF)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 718, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These results indicate that the model used is a large model, meaning that the model meets the requirements as a fit model.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 74, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Path Hypothesis Analysis and Testing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 43, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 126, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Path Analysis and Hypothesis Testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 77, "top": 241, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Research Results 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 283, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The calculation results in Table 2 can be explained as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 310, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that as job satisfaction increases, employee performance also increases significantly ( β = 0.232 ; P ≤ 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 373, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 396, "width": 211, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "commitment, meaning that as job satisfaction increases, organizational commitment also increases significantly ( β = 0.477; P ≤ 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 435, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that as organizational commitment increases, employee performance will improve significantly ( β = 0.410; P ≤ 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 509, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Compensation has a positive and significant effect on performance, meaning that as compensation increases, the performance also increases significantly ( β = 0.357; P ≤ 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 571, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Compensation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, meaning that as compensation increases, organizational commitment also increases significantly ( β = 0.365; P ≤ 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 633, "width": 211, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational Commitment mediates in part (partial mediation) the relationship between compensation and employee performance. This can be seen from the direct relationship between compensation and performance (Table 4.) is significant, as well as the indirect relationship between compensation and performance through organizational commitment is also significant (Table 3.)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 79, "width": 185, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Indir ect Relationship between J ob Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 100, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance through Mediation of Organiza-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 110, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tional Commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 190, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Research Results 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 214, "width": 202, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Dir ect Relationship between J ob Satis- faction and Compensation on Employee Perfor- mance through Mediation of Organizational Com- mitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 357, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Research Results 2022)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 373, "width": 211, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and performance. This can be seen from the direct relationship between job satisfaction and performance (Table 4.) which is significant, but the indirect relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance through organizational commitment is not significant (Table 3.).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 482, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of data processing that have been described in the analysis results, this section describes the discussion as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 533, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 560, "width": 211, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of calculating job satisfaction on organizational commitment indicate that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. The results of the study indicate that the higher the job satisfaction, the more significant the organizational commitment is, and vice versa, the worse the job satisfaction, the lower the organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 669, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Compensation on Organizational Commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 696, "width": 211, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of calculating compensation for organizational commitment indicate that compensation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. The results of the study indicate that the higher the compensation given, the organizational", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 435, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License Page 86", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 43, "width": 422, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment in Mediating the Effect of Job Satisfaction and Compensation on Employee Performance at The Ongan & Kimi Sushi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 772, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page 87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 772, "width": 292, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha EISSN 2579-8162 CC-BY-SA 4.0 License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "commitment also increases significantly, and vice versa, the worse the compensation, the lower the organizational commitment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 113, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 141, "width": 211, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of calculating job satisfaction on employee performance indicate that job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the study indicated that the higher the job satisfaction, the better the employee's performance, and vice versa, the worse the job satisfaction, the lower the employee's performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 249, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 277, "width": 211, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the calculation of compensation on employee performance indicate that compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the study indicate that the higher the compensation, the employee's performance also increases significantly, and vice versa, the worse the compensation, the lower the employee's performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 386, "width": 211, "height": 144, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance The results of calculating organizational commitment to employee performance indicate that organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the study indicate that the higher the compensation, the employee's performance also increases significantly, and vice versa, the worse the organizational commitment, the lower the employee's performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 533, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment Mediates the Effect of Job Satisfaction on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 572, "width": 211, "height": 141, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test results regarding the mediating role of organizational commitment on the effect of job satisfaction on performance, shows that organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance. This can be seen from the direct relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance, but the indirect relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance through organizational commitment is not significant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 716, "width": 211, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Organizational Commitment Mediates the Effect of Compensation on Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test results regarding the mediating role of organizational commitment on the effect of compensation on performance, shows that organizational commitment mediates a partial (partial mediation) of the relationship between compensation and employee performance. This can be seen from the direct relationship between compensation on employee performance is significant, as well as the indirect relationship between compensation on employee performance through organizational commitment is also significant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 242, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 253, "width": 211, "height": 234, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the description and results of the research analysis, the following research conclusions can be drawn: 1) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, meaning that as job satisfaction increases, organizational commitment also increases significantly. 2) Compensation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, meaning that as compensation is increased, organizational commitment also increases significantly. 3) Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that when job satisfaction increases, employee performance also increases significantly. 4) Compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that as compensation increases, employee performance also increases significantly. 5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 486, "width": 211, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that as compensation increases, employee performance also increases significantly. 6) Organizational commitment does not mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and employee performance. 7) Organizational commitment mediates partially (partial mediation) the relationship between compensation on employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 619, "width": 77, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 630, "width": 211, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adhan, M., Jufrizen, J., Prayogi, M. A., & Siswadi, Y. (2020). Peran Mediasi Komitmen Organisasi pada Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Dosen Tetap Universitas Swasta di Kota Medan. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(1), 1 – 15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 696, "width": 211, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afandi. (2018). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Teori, Konsep dan Indikator). Nusa Media. Armantari, Sugianingrat, & Mashyuni. (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 730, "width": 183, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja Pada CV.Duta Niaga Bali Denpasar. 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[ { "left": 193, "top": 36, "width": 211, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CRIPTA B IOLOGICA | VOLUME 1 | NOMER 1 | MARET 2014 | 33-42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 810, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| http://scri.bio.unsoed.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 530, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 380, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERKEMBANGAN OOSIT INDUK Osteochilus hasselti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 69, "width": 75, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C.V. YANG", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 88, "width": 467, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIBERI HORMON ESTRADIOL- 17β DAN PAKAN DENGAN KADAR PROTEIN BERBEDA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 152, "top": 139, "width": 290, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A NDRI P RAJAKA S ANTO , U NTUNG S USILO , G RATIANA E W IJAYANTI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 165, "width": 305, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jalan dr. Suparno 63 Purwokerto 53122", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 193, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 209, "width": 474, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The availability of fish seed is very important in fish propagation. Good quality of fish seeds were produced by a good brooder which characterized a large number of egg production at spawning. The aims of this research were to evaluate the oocytes development in the hard-lipped Barb ( Osteochilus hasselti C.V.) given 17β -estradiol, different percentage of protein in the diet, and their combination. This research was conducted experimentally applying Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was percentage of protein in the diet consisted of 4 levels namely 25% (P 1 ), 30% (P 2 ), 35% (P 3 ), and 40% (P 4 ), the second factor was dose of 17β -estradiol benzoate (EB) consisted of 3 levels namely 0 µg/kg of body weight (D 0 ), 126 µg/kg of body weight (D 1 ), and 210 µg/kg of body weight (D 2 ), thus there were 12 combinations of treatment with 3 replicates. The results showed that neither of protein proportion or 17β -estradiol affected the proportion of oocytes of any developmental stage (p>0,05) within the first two weeks post spawning. The treatments, however, significantly increased the proportion of oocytes at V3-V5, V6-V7, and post-vitellogenic stages (p<0,05) started at week 4 th post spawning. The GSI increased in correlation to the proportions of oocytes at stage ≥ V6 (r=0,701; p<0,01) and the dose of 17β - estradiol (r = 0.357, p <0.05). There was no significant different on GSI amongst the experimental group s. The HSI tend to decrease as the dose of 17β - estradiol increased (r = - 0.210, p> 0.05). In conclusion, the percentage of protein in the diet and different doses of 17β -estradiol improved oocyte development of Hard-Lipped Barb ( Osteochilus hasselti C.V.). K EY W ORDS : Osteochilus hasselti , 17β -estradiol, protein content of diet, oocyte diameter, oocyte proportion Penulis korespondensi: G RATIANA E W IJAYANTI | email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 385, "width": 91, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P E N D A H U L U A N", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 240, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberadaan benih penting dalam usaha budidaya perikanan. Benih yang baik harus dihasilkan dari induk yang baik pula. Induk ikan yang baik memiliki gonad yang mampu menghasilkan telur dalam jumlah optimum. Maka dari itu, salah satu usaha yang dilakukan untuk mendapatkan induk dengan gonad yang baik adalah dengan pemberian pakan berprotein tinggi dan pemberian hormon untuk membantu memacu perkembangan gonad ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 509, "width": 243, "height": 178, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas telur sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas dan kuantitas kandungan nutrien dalam pakan. Pakan yang diberikan pada ikan ada dua macam, yaitu pakan dengan protein dominan dari sumber hewani dan pakan dengan protein dominan dari sumber nabati. Batubara (2009), menjelaskan bahwa kuantitas dan kualitas pakan, yakni protein, lemak dan vitamin yang diberikan kepada induk merupakan faktor penting yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan kematangan gonad, jumlah telur yang diproduksi, dan kualitas telur serta larva. Halver dan Hardy (2002), menjelaskan bahwa intake protein atau asam amino sangat dibutuhkan oleh ikan karena digunakan secara langsung untuk pertumbuhan dan reproduksi serta mengganti jaringan yang rusak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 685, "width": 237, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan protein pada ikan beragam menurut sifat pemakan dari ikan tersebut. Ikan Mas ( Cyprinus carpio ) dan Blue Tilapia ( Oreochromis aureus ) masing- masing membutuhkan protein sebesar 38% dan 34% (Halver dan Hardy, 2002), sedangkan pada ikan Nila", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 743, "width": 236, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( Oreochromis niloticus ) yaitu 35% (Jauncey dan Ross,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 754, "width": 235, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1982) dalam Batubara, (2009)). Menurut Gunasekera et al. (1996) dalam Gunadi et al . (2010), ikan nila yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 386, "width": 242, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diberi pakan dengan kadar protein 20% dan 35% menghasilkan telur lebih banyak dalam setiap pemijahan dibandingkan dengan ikan nila yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein 10%. Hasil penelitian Djajasewaka et al . (2005) dalam Samsudin et al . (2010), menunjukkan bahwa untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gonad ikan nilem membutuhkan protein pakan dengan kadar 27-42%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 480, "width": 246, "height": 225, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor internal dalam induk yang juga sangat mempengaruhi perkembangan gonad adalah hormon. Salah satu hormon yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan gonad ikan adalah estradiol (E 2 ). Pada hewan ovipar termasuk ikan, E 2 mengontrol proses vitellogenesis pada hepar (Melamed dan Sherwood, 2005). Tingginya E 2 dalam plasma dapat mempercepat proses pematangan gonad. Dosis E 2 sebesar 200-600 µg/kg berat badan induk dapat meningkatkan kadar E 2 dalam plasma ikan baung ( Hemibagrus nemurus Blkr.) (Utiah, 2008). Keterlibatan E 2 dalam vitelogenesis telah diteliti pada berbagai jenis ikan, antara lain ikan mas ( Cyprinus carpio ) (Galas et al ., 1999), jambal siam ( Pangasius hypophthalmus ) (Indriastuti, 2000), Heteropneustes fossilis (Singh et al ., 2007), Kutum ( Rutilus frisii kutum ) (Heidari et al ., 2010), ikan tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Cornish, 1998), dan ikan lele dumbo ( Clarias gariepinus ) (Phartyal et al ., 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 702, "width": 241, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui: 1. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem yang diberi hormon estradiol- 17β dengan dosis berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 749, "width": 235, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem yang diberi pakan dengan kadar protein berbeda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A NDRI P RAJAKA S ANTO , G RATIANA E KA W IJAYANTI , U NTUNG S USILO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 241, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem yang diberi kombinasi antara estradiol- 17β dan pakan dengan kadar protein berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 111, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M E T O D E", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 130, "width": 238, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah induk betina ikan nilem ( O. hasselti C.V.) pasca mijah sebanyak 72 ekor; hormon e stradiol benzoat ( 17β -Estradiol benzoate, Batch No. 20090512, ARGENT Laboratories, Inc., Makati City, Philippines); GnRH analog (Syndel, Vancouver, Cannada); larutan NaCl 0,9%; alkohol 70%; larutan fiksatif Normal Buffered Formalin (NBF); methyllen blue , kemikalia untuk pengukuran kualitas air (DO dan COD); dan bahan - bahan untuk pembuatan pelet pakan ikan meliputi tepung ikan, tepung ampas tahu, tepung kecambah kedelai, tepung tapioka, vitamin kompleks dan air.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 246, "width": 242, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat-alat yang digunakan meliputi alat untuk pemijahan dan pemeliharaan, peralatan untuk pengukuran kualitas air, alat untuk pembuatan pelet, alat pembuatan dan penyuntikkan hormon estradiol, dan alat pengambilan dan evaluasi perkembangan oosit. Alat untuk pemijahan dan pemeliharaan induk ikan nilem meliputi 18 buah akuarium berkapasitas 90 l sebanyak beserta perlengkapan aerasinya, spuit injeksi volume 1 ml, dan kain basah, selang untuk penyiponan sepanjang 1 m.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 341, "width": 237, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan untuk pengukuran sifat fisik-kimia kualitas air meliputi kertas pH indikator dan thermometer dan botol Winkler untuk mengambil air saat pengukuran COD dan DO. Alat untuk pembuatan pelet meliputi timbangan, kompor, dandang, alat penggiling pelet, baki, dan oven. Alat untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 241, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembuatan larutan stok dan penyuntikan hormon estradiol- 17β meliputi vortex , tabung sentrifugasi mikro 1,5 ml, mikropipet 200µl, dan spuit injeksi 1 ml. Alat pengambilan sampel oosit meliputi kanula (Terumo Feeding Tube , FT 0880 Fr. 8, panjang 40 cm), spuit injeksi ukuran 3 ml, timbangan analitik dengan ketelitian 0,01 g,botol sampel, dan pipet transfer. Alat untuk evaluasi perkembangan oosit meliputi mikroskop cahaya, gelas objek, eye piece micrometer . Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Struktur dan Perkembangan Hewan, Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama sepuluh bulan yaitu bulan Juli 2012 – Maret 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 208, "width": 242, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan dasar yaitu, rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x3. Faktor pertama persentase protein dalam pakan terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu 25% (P 1 ), 30% (P 2 ), 35% (P 3 ), dan 40% (P 4 ), faktor kedua adalah hormon estradiol- 17β benzoat (EB) berdasarkan dosis yang sudah ditetapkan yaitu 0 µg/kg berat badan (D 0 ), 126 µg/kg berat badan (D 1 ), dan 210 µg/kg berat badan (D 2 ), dengan demikian terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan masing-masing dengan 3 ulangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 314, "width": 239, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari parameter utama dan parameter pendukung. Parameter utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu perkembangan oosit meliputi diameter oosit, proporsi oosit, morfologi oosit, jumlah oosit yang diperoleh, dan jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 . Parameter pendukung penelitian ini adalah Indeks Gonado- somatik (IGS) dan Indeks Hepato-somatik (IHS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 399, "width": 343, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 . Kombinasi Perlakuan antara Kadar Protein dalam Pakan dengan Dosis Estradiol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 416, "width": 444, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pakan (P) P 1 (25%) P 2 (30%) P 3 (35%) P 4 (40%) Dosis E 2 (D) D 0 (0 µg/ kg BB) P 1 D 0 P 2 D 0 P 3 D 0 P 4 D 0 D 1 (126 µg/ kg BB) P 1 D 1 P 2 D 1 P 3 D 1 P 4 D 1 D 2 (210 µg/ kg BB)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 249, "top": 459, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P 1 D 2 P 2 D 2 P 3 D 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 490, "top": 459, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P 4 D 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 470, "width": 484, "height": 110, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan: P = Persentase Protein dalam Pakan (P 1 =25%; P 2 =30%; P 3 =35%; P 4 =40%) , D= Dosis Estradiol - 17β yang diberikan (D 0 = 0 µg/kg BB; D 1 =126 µg/kg BB; D 2 =210 µg/kg BB) Akuarium yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah akuarium plastik yang memiliki volume 90 l. Jumlah akuarium yang digunakan adalah 12 buah. Setiap akuarium diisi ikan nilem pasca mijah masing-masing sejumlah 6 pasang. Sebelum digunakan akuarium dicuci, kemudian diberikan methyllene blue sebagai pencegahan penyakit agar selama penelitian nanti diharapkan ikan tetap hidup dan sehat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 579, "width": 242, "height": 202, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber protein hewani yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pelet ikan ini adalah tepung ikan dikombinasikan menggunakan bahan-bahan lain seperti tepung kedelai, ampas tahu, dan bekatul. Kadar protein dalam pakan yang ditargetkan adalah 25%, 30%, 35% dan 40%. Sebagai perekat digunakan tepung tapioka dengan komposisi 10% dari total jumlah pelet yang akan dibuat. Campuran komponen pakan dicetak menjadi pelet menggunakan alat penggiling daging, kemudian dikeringkan di dalam oven pada temperatur 70 ° C selama 2 hari. Kandungan protein dalam pelet yang dihasilkan dianalisis proksimat di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Unsoed untuk memastikan kandungan protein sesuai dengan formulasi bahan yang dibuat. Hormon estradiol- 17β yang digunakan dalam bentuk serbuk. Sebelum disuntikkan, dibuat stock sesuai dosis yang akan disuntikkan yaitu 126 µg/kg berat badan dan 210 µg/kg berat badan ikan. Larutan stock dibuat dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 495, "width": 239, "height": 254, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melarutkan 1 mg estradiol benzoat dengan 1 ml minyak zaitun. Estradiol yang telah dilarutkan dalam minyak zaitun kemudian dihomogenkan menggunakan vortex . Persiapan yang dilakukan meliputi seleksi induk ikan nilem betina matang gonad. Ikan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan induk pasca mijah. Induk pasca mijah diperoleh dengan menginduksi induk-induk betina dan jantan matang gonad menggunakan 0,5 mL/kg berat badan GnRH analog. Induk betina yang telah diinduksi dipasangkan dengan induk jantan, setiap akuarium diisi dengan satu induk betina dan satu induk jantan. Keberhasilan pemijahan ditandai dengan terdapatnya sel telur dalam jumlah banyak di dasar akuarium dan warna air yang keruh oleh warna milt. Induk yang telah memijah ditempatkan pada akuarium pemeliharaan dengan kepadatan 6 induk ikan betina dengan 6 induk ikan jantan dalam satu akuarium Satu minggu pasca pemijahan, induk dipelihara dalam akuarium dan diberi pakan sesuai dengan persentase protein yang sudah ditentukan selama 8 minggu. Pakan diberikan satu kali sehari sebanyak 3% dari bobot tubuh ikan. Estradiol- 17β diberikan sekali yaitu pada minggu pertama pasca mijah. Sedangkan untuk kontrol (0 µg/kg berat badan) hanya diinduksi dengan minyak zaitun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 748, "width": 236, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengambilan data dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali mulai minggu II, IV, VI, dan VIII melalui kanulasi. Pada minggu VIII oosit diambil untuk menghitung jumlah oosit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 36, "width": 211, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CRIPTA B IOLOGICA | VOLUME 1 | NOMER 1 | MARET 2014 | 33-42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 810, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| http://scri.bio.unsoed.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 530, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 238, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahapan ≥V6. Oosit yang diperoleh dimasukkan ke dalam botol sampel yang telah diisi dengan larutan fiksatif NBF. Sampel oosit diamati dan dihitung menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Diameter oosit diukur menggunakan eye piece micrometer yang telah telah dikalibrasi. Proporsi oosit pada masing-masing tahapan perkembangan dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 150, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proporsi Tahapan x = Σ oosit tahap x Σ oosit sampel total x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 179, "width": 234, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, dilakukan juga perhitungan jumlah oosit tahapan ≥V6, dengan menggunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 202, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Σ Oosit tahap ≥ V6 = berat gonad Σ Oosit tahapan ≥ V6 x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 235, "width": 243, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada minggu VIII, ikan dari semua kelompok perlakuan dibedah, diambil gonad dan heparnya guna perhitungan Indeks Gonado-somatik (IGS) dan Indeks Hepato-somatik (IHS). Menurut Effendie (2002) dalam Tuapetel (2009), perhitungan IHS, dan IGS dilakukan dengan metode Gravimetrik. Indeks Gonado-somatik (IGS) dihitung menggunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 313, "width": 70, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IGS = Wg Wt x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 341, "width": 74, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan : W g = Berat Gonad (g)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 359, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W t = Berat Tubuh (g)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 234, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks Hepato-somatik (IHS) dihitung menggunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 390, "width": 72, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IHS = Wh Wi x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 418, "width": 82, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan: W h = Berat hati ikan (g)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 436, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W i = Berat ikan uji (g)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 239, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas fisika-kimia air yang diukur meliputi pH, temperatur, COD, dan DO. Pengukuran COD menggunakan metode SNI 06-6989.15:2004, Sedangkan DO menggunakan metode SNI 06-6989.14:2004. Pengukuran keempat parameter tersebut dilakukan dua kali selama periode penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 515, "width": 236, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data proporsi oosit, IGS, IHS, dan jumlah oosit tahap ≥V6 dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Anova dua arah dengan signifikansi 5% (α=0,05) (Steel dan Torrie, 1993). Hasil uji Anova yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ. Data dalam bentuk persentase ditransformasi terlebih dahulu ke dalam bentuk Arcsin √x sebelum dianalisis. Keterkaitan antara nilai proporsi oosit, IGS, IHS, dan jumlah oosit ≥ V6 dengan persentase protein dalam pakan dan dosis estradiol- 17β yang diberikan dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 615, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H A S I L D A N P E M B A H A S A N", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 634, "width": 250, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proporsi oosit berbagai tahapan pada minggu ke-2 pasca mijah atau minggu pertama pasca induksi estradiol- 17β tampak pada Gambar 1.a. Proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 pada minggu kedua pasca mijah berkisar antara 40,49±17,91% pada P4D1 hingga 91,67±40,07% pada P2D1 ; tahap V6 -V7 berkisar antara 6,25±10,83% pada P2D1 hingga 34,42±25,00% pada P4D1; dan tahap post -vitelogenik berkisar antara 2,08±3,61% pada P2D1 hingga 42,76±3,90% pada P1D0. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa pemberian estradiol- 17β tidak memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata terhadap semua tahapan oosit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 245, "height": 401, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(p>0,05). Sementara itu, hasil uji Anova menunjukkan kombinasi pemberian pakan berprotein dan estradiol- 17β juga tidak meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3- V5, V6-V7 dan post-vitelogenik (p>0,05). Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa persentase protein dalam pakan yang diberikan meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 (p<0,05), selanjutnya hasil uji BNJ menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan protein 40% meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6- V7. Dinamika perkembangan oosit ikan nilem di minggu ke-4 disajikan pada Gambar 1.b. Proprosi oosit tahap V3-V5 berkisar antara 9,51±16,47% pada P1D0 hingga 97,71±32,69% pada P2D2. Proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 berkisar antara 1,19±1,35% pada P2D2 hingga 24,12±8,76% pada P1D2. Sedangkan Proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik berkisar antara 1,10±0,97% pada P2D2 hingga 50,07±46,66% pada P4D0. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa persentase protein dalam pakan yang diberikan meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dan V6-V7 (p<0,01). Pemberian estradiol- 17β meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dan V6-V7 (p<0,05). Hasil signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ yang menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kandungan protein 30% yang dikombinasikan dengan estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5, sedangkan pakan dengan kandungan protein 35% yang dikombinasikan dengan estradiol- 17β dosis 210 µg/kg BB meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7. Sementara itu, persentase protein dalam pakan dan estradiol- 17β yang diberikan tidak meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik (p>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 470, "width": 244, "height": 307, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinamika perkembangan oosit diamati kembali di minggu ke-6 pasca mijah (Gambar 1.c.) Proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 di minggu ini berkisar antara 27,84±23,93% pada P4D1 hingga 86,60±36,05% pada P4D0. Proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 berkisar antara 5,78±9,44% pada P2D0 hingga 32,72±13,18% pada P4D1. Proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik berkisar antara 4,35±1,82% pada P2D1 hingga 56,22±47,04% pada P3D0. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa persentase protein dalam pakan yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 (p<0,05), dan pemberian estradiol- 17β dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 (p<0,01). Hasil uji BNJ menunjukkan pakan dengan kandungan protein 30% meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5, sedangkan estradiol- 17β baik dosis 126 µg/k g BB maupun 210 µg/kg BB berpengaruh meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7. Pakan dengan kadar protein dan dosis estradiol- 17β yang berbeda tidak dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik. Dinamika perkembangan oosit ikan nilem pada minggu ke-8 tampak pada Gambar 1.d.). Proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 di minggu ini berkisar antara 26,01±10,1% pada P4D1 hingga 77,64±28,94% pada P1D2. Proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 berkisar antara 3,11±3,24% pada P2D0 hingga 48,36±36,70% pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A NDRI P RAJAKA S ANTO , G RATIANA E KA W IJAYANTI , U NTUNG S USILO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 250, "height": 155, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P3D1. Proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik berkisar antara 17,02±29,48% pada P3D1 hingga 69,79±10,79% pada P4D1. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan persentase protein dalam pakan (p<0,05) dan estradiol- 17β (p<0,01 ) meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7. Hasil uji BNJ menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan kandungan protein 35% yang dikombinasikan dengan estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7, sedangkan pemberian pakan dengan persentase protein berbeda dan estradiol- 17β tidak meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dan post- vitelogenik (p>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 223, "width": 246, "height": 120, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian pakan berprotein dan estradiol- 17β terhadap perkembangan oosit ikan nilem di minggu ke-2 pasca memijah belum menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang berarti. Pemberian pakan berprotein tampak tidak meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dan post-vitelogenik. Proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 menunjukkan peningkatan pada ikan yang diberipakan dengan protein 40%. Pemberian estradiol- 17β tidak meningkatkan proporsi oosit pada berbagai tahapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 341, "width": 241, "height": 436, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini kadar estradiol- 17β tidak diukur disetiap minggunya sehingga tidak diketahui secara pasti dinamika kadar estradiol- 17β pada ikan nilem setiap minggunya. Akan tetapi, kadar estradiol- 17β pada ikan nilem sudah dilakukan dalam penelitian Rahayuningsih (2012), yang diamati pada minggu pertama hingga minggu ke tiga pasca mijah. Hasil penelitian Rahayuningsih (2012), menunjukkan bahwa pada minggu pertama pasca induksi estradiol- 17β dengan dosis yang sama diberikan pada perlakuan ini, kadar estradiol- 17β di dalam plasma darah ikan nilem pascamijah belum meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena ovarium ikan nilem masih berada pada fase recovery pasca pemijahan. Fase ini ditandai dengan masih tingginya kadar progesteron (Asturiano et al ., 2002; Hoar et al ., 1983). Kadar progesteron ikan nilem saat minggu ke- 2 pasca mijah berisar antara 0,22-0,51 ng/ml lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan minggu pertama pasca mijah yaitu 0,22 ng/ml (Fannessia, 2011). Masa recovery pasca pemijahan pada ikan dapat berbeda-beda menurut spesiesnya. Menurut Zadmajid et al . (2012), kadar estradiol- 17β ikan gold fish ( Carassius auratus ) menurun drastis pasca ovulasi dan mencapai level terendah pada hari kelima pasca ovulasi, kemudian kadarnya di dalam plasma meningkat kembali secara perlahan saat memasuki vitelogenesis baru. Hal ini menyebabkan peran estradiol- 17β dalam menstimulasi hepar untuk mendeposisikan protein yolk (Vtg) ke dalam oosit berlangsung dengan frekuensi yang sangat rendah pada awal vitellogenesis (Campbell, 1978 dalam Luquet dan Watanabe, 1986). Peran protein dalam pakan dan estradiol- 17β dalam perkembangan oosit ikan nilem tampak pada minggu ke-4 periode pemeliharaan. Pada minggu ini secara umum proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dan post- vitelogenik mengalami peningkatan, namun tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 246, "height": 401, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7. Hasil penelitian Fannessia (2011), menunjukkan proporsi oosit ikan nilem tahap V3-V5 dan post-vitelogenik meningkat secara perlahan di minggu ke-3 dan minggu ke-4 pascamijah. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena adanya perkembangan oosit ke tahapan selanjutnya, yaitu dari tahapan yang lebih muda ke tahapan yang lebih matang. Peran pakan dan estradiol- 17β penting pada minggu ini. Peningkatan tahapan vitelogenik berakibat pada meningkatnya kebutuhan asam amino dan estradiol- 17β (Babin et al ., 2007). Pada minggu ke-6 pemeliharaan, secara umum rerata proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 lebih rendah dibandingkan pada minggu ke-4 pasca pemijahan. Rerata proporsi oosit dari semua perlakuan menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah oosit tahap V6-V7 dari minggu ke-4 ke minggu ke-6. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena adanya perekrutan tahapan V3- V5 ke tahapan V6-V7 sehingga menyebabkan penurunan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 pada periode tersebut. Hasil penelitian Fannessia (2011), menunjukkan bahwa proporsi oosit ikan nilem tahap V3-V5 cenderung mengalami penurunan di minggu ke-6 pascamijah, sedangkan proporsi oosit tahap V6- V7 mengalami peningkatan di minggu yang sama. Sementara itu, tahapan post-vitelogenik meningkat dari minggu ke-2 hingga minggu ke-6 pemeliharaan. Pakan dengan kandungan protein 30% baik tanpa pemberian estradiol- 17β maupun dengan kombinasi estradiol- 17β berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5. Pemberian estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB maupun 210 µg/kg BB dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 di minggu ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 470, "width": 240, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh persentase protein dalam pakandan estradiol- 17βterhadap proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 mulai tampak sejak minggu ke-4 pascamijah. Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Babin et al . (2007), bahwa peran asam amino dan estradiol- 17β meningkat selama tahap vitelogenesis akhir sampai menuju maturasi oosit. Akan tetapi, peningkatan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 tidak menyebabkan peningkatan terhadap proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 575, "width": 247, "height": 202, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada minggu ke-8 pemeliharaan, dinamika perkembangan oosit yang terjadi menunjukkan adanya penurunan rerata proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5 dari seluruh perlakuan yang diujikan. Proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 sedikit mengalami penurunan dibandingkan minggu sebelumnya, kecuali padapemberian pakan dengan kandungan protein 35% yang dikombinasikan dengan estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB, proporsi oosit tahapan V6-V7 mengalami peningkatan. Pada minggu ini proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik cenderung meningkat meskipun tidak signifikan. Peningkatan proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik diduga karena adanya perekrutan oosit tahap V6-V7 ke tahap berikutnya. Tahapan post-vitelogenik merupakan tahapan akhir dari perkembangan oosit sebelum memasuki maturasi (Nagahama, 1994). Hasil serupa dijumpai pada ikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 36, "width": 211, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CRIPTA B IOLOGICA | VOLUME 1 | NOMER 1 | MARET 2014 | 33-42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 810, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| http://scri.bio.unsoed.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 530, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 248, "height": 191, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gold fish ( Carassius auratus ) (Zadmajid et al ., 2012) dan ikan trout (Hoar et al ., 1983), kadar estradiol- 17β menurun pada tahapan post-vitelogenik sampai menjelang ovulasi. Pada tahapan tersebut peran estradiol- 17β menurun dan digantikan oleh peran MIH ( Maturation Inducing Hormone ) yaitu progesteron (17,20βP atau DHP) yang distimulasi oleh LH. Menurut Babin et al . (2007), LH menstimulasi sel granulosa pada oosit guna memproduksi MIH selama tahapan akhir vitellogenesis sampai penyelesaian GVBD. Oosit tahapan post-vitelogenik (PV) dapat tertahan sampai beberapa bulan sampai adanya stimulasi lingkungan, sosial, atau isyarat feromon sehingga memulai kembali proses maturasi akhir yang membuka kembali proses meiosis yang sempat tertahan (Yaron dan Levavi-Sivan, 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 258, "width": 242, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dinamika perkembangan oosit ikan nilem yang dipelihara selama 8 minggu, secara umum dapat dijelaskan bahwa: (1), Bila pakan yang diberikan memiliki kandungan protein yang rendah (25-30%), pemberian estradiol- 17β dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3- V5; (2), Bila pakan yang diberikan memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi (>30%), pemberian estradiol- 17β dapat menekan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 364, "width": 241, "height": 178, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selama vitellogenesis, ikan membutuhan protein sebagai bahan baku dalam proses sintesis protein yolk (vitellogenin) dan choriogenin lebih tinggi dari biasanya (Arukwe dan GoksØyr, 2003; Reidel et al ., 2010). Peningkatan kadar protein dalam pakan berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 di minggu ke- 2 (r=0,532; p<0,01). Secara umum kebutuhan pakan dengan kandungan protein di atas 30% dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap tersebut. Pakan dengan kandungan protein 35-40% baik untuk perkembangan gonad ikan karena dapat meningkatkan diameter telur dan berat kering yang tinggi, meskipun kandungan protein 35% menunjukkan hasil yang optimum (Abidin et al ., 2006; Trushenski et al ., 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 540, "width": 247, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengamatan histologis ovarium ikan nilem dalam penelitian Wijayanti et al . (2005), memperlihatkan bahwa pada tahapan vitelogenik-6 (V6) dan vitelogenik-7 (V7) berlangsung peningkatan deposisi globula dan granula yolk sehingga ukuran diameter oosit menjadi dua kali lebih besar bila dibandingkan tahapan vitelogenik-5 (V5). Dalam sintesis globula dan granula yolk diperlukan asam amino dan asam lemak sebagai bahan baku dan hormon estradiol- 17β sebagai pengatur dalam proses sintesisnya. Dengan demikian, selama proses tersebut dibutuhkan asam amino dan hormon estradiol- 17β dalam jumlah cukup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 692, "width": 248, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterkaitan antara ketersediaan asam amino dalam protein pakan dengan keberhasilan vitellogenesis juga dijumpai pada ikan lain. Pada ikan nila ( Oreochromis niloticus ), kandungan protein dalam pakan sebesar 32-40% menunjukkan perkembangan ke arah maturasi yang lebih cepat dibandingkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 250, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan kandungan protein kurang dari 25% (Gunasekera et al ., 1995). Pada ikan yang sama, menurut Pangkey (2011), kandungan protein sebesar 45% menunjukkan perkembangan gonad yang lebih cepat, akan tetapi fekunditas tertinggi ditemukan pada ikan yang diberikan pakan dengan protein sebesar 25-35%. Sedangkan pada ikan mas ( Cyprinus carpio ), pemberian pakan dengan kandungan protein 35% merupakan jumlah optimum yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gonad. Hal itu tampak pada peningkatan diameter dan fekunditasnya (Roberts, 2010; Manissery et al. , 2001).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 224, "width": 242, "height": 330, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis estradiol- 17β meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 baik di minggu ke- 4 (r=0,343; p<0,05) maupun di minggu ke- 6 (r=0,395; p<0,05). Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Heidari et al . (2010), bahwa peran estradiol- 17β pada perkembangan oosit Caspian kutum ( Rutilus frisii ) meningkat selama vitelogenesis dan mencapai puncaknya pada akhir vitelogenesis sebelum akhirnya menurun tajam selama maturasi. Estradiol- 17β berperan dalam peningkatan deposisi globula dan granula yolk ke dalam oosit, melalui stimulasi pada sel hepar untuk mensintesis Vtg (Hoar et al ., 1983). Kadar estradiol- 17β di dalam plasma darah ikan nilem diduga mengalami peningkatan di minggu ke-4 dan ke-6 masa pemeliharaan, meskipun rerata proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 mengalami penurunan pada minggu ke-4, sedangkan proporsi oosit tahap post-vitelogenik di minggu yang sama mengalami peningkatan. Hal itu dimungkinkan karena pada saat kadar estradiol- 17β meningkat di dalam darah, perkembangan oosit tahap V6-V7 yang sudah mencapai ukuran maksimal berkembang ke tahap post-vitelogenik, sehingga proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7 cenderung menurun pada minggu tersebut. Keberadaan estradiol- 17β yang cukup di dalam plasma darah akan meningkatkan perkembangan oosit selama vitelogenesis menuju maturasi (Nagahama, 1994).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 551, "width": 242, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian pada tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Cornish, 1998), ikan rainbow trout ( Onchorynchus mykiss ) (Nakamura et al ., 2009), dan sidat Anguilla japonica (Wang dan Lou, 2007) menunjukkan bahwa selama vitellogenesis peningkatan level estradiol- 17β dalam plasma meningkatkan perkembangan vitelogenik oosit. Jumlah oosit tahap ≥V6 yang diperoleh setelah 8 minggu pemeliharaan berkisar antara 372,18±324,29 butir pada PID0 hingga 868,80±285,61 butir pada P2D2 (Gambar 2). Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan dengan persentase protein berbeda tidak meningkatkan jumlah oosit tahap ≥V6 (p>0,05) ; sedangkan pemberian estradiol-17 β meningkatkan jumlah oosit tahap ≥V6 (p<0,05 ). Hasil uji BNJ menunjukkan bahwa dosis estradiol-17 β 210 µg/kg BB terbukti dapat meningkatkan jumlah oosit tahap ≥V6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A NDRI P RAJAKA S ANTO , G RATIANA E KA W IJAYANTI , U NTUNG S USILO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 742, "width": 437, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 . Dinamika Perkembangan Oosit Induk O. hasselti C.V. di Minggu ke-2 (a), ke-4 (b), ke-6 (c), dan ke-8 (d) Pemeliharaan yang Diberi Pakan Berprotein dan Estradiol- 17β", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 397, "height": 642, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,0000 0,2000 0,4000 0,6000 0,8000 1,0000 1,2000 1,4000 P1D0 P2D0 P3D0 P4D0 P1D1 P2D1 P3D1 P4D1 P1D2 P2D2 P3D2 P4D2 Pers en tas e Perlakuan Dinamika Perkembangan Oosit di M2 V3-V5 V6-V7 PV 0,0000 0,2000 0,4000 0,6000 0,8000 1,0000 1,2000 1,4000 P1D0 P2D0 P3D0 P4D0 P1D1 P2D1 P3D1 P4D1 P1D2 P2D2 P3D2 P4D2 Pers en tas e Perlakuan Dinamika Perkembangan Oosit di M4 V3-V5 V6-V7 PV 0,0000 0,2000 0,4000 0,6000 0,8000 1,0000 1,2000 1,4000 P1D0 P2D0 P3D0 P4D0 P1D1 P2D1 P3D1 P4D1 P1D2 P2D2 P3D2 P4D2 Pers en tas e Perlakuan Dinamika Perkembangan Oosit di M6 V3-V5 V6-V7 PV 0,0000 0,2000 0,4000 0,6000 0,8000 1,0000 1,2000 1,4000 P1D0 P2D0 P3D0 P4D0 P1D1 P2D1 P3D1 P4D1 P1D2 P2D2 P3D2 P4D2 Pers en tas e Perlakuan Dinamika Perkembangan Oosit di M8 V3-V5 V6-V7 PV", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 36, "width": 211, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CRIPTA B IOLOGICA | VOLUME 1 | NOMER 1 | MARET 2014 | 33-42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 810, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| http://scri.bio.unsoed.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 530, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 240, "height": 321, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 terdiri dari tahapan V6, V7 dan post-vitelogenik yang berada pada mid- vitelogenesis hingga post-vitelogenesis (Korta et al ., 2010). Uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan nilai IGS disebabkan karena peningkatan jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 (r=0,701; p<0,01). Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan deVlaming et al . (1982), bahwa semakin banyak jumlah oosit tahap mid-vitelogenik dan post vitelogenik akan menentukan seberapa besar IGS yang dihasilkan. Jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 memberikan gambaran seberapa besar jumlah oosit pada tahapan tersebut yang siap untuk diinduksi menuju maturasi. Peningkatan dosis estradiol-17 β menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 (r=0,496; p<0,01), namun pemberian pakan berprotein tidak meningkatkan jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 (r=0,160; p>0,05). Hal ini sejalan dengan pernyataan Mehdinejad et al . (2013), bahwa pemberian estradiol- 17 β meningkatkan tahapan vitelogenik oosit, sehingga keberadaan estradiol-17 β memacu perkembangan tahapan vitelogenik menuju post-vitelogenik oosit pada ikan mas ( Cyprinus carpio ). Secara umum, jumlah oosit tahap ≥ V6 perlu dihitung untuk mengetahui seberapa besar performa reproduksi ikan yang diberi pakan berprotein dan estradiol-17 β terhadap oosit tahapan tersebut yang dihasilkan. Oosit tahap ≥ V6 memiliki ukuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 70, "width": 242, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diameter ≥ 300 µm (Wijayanti et al ., 2005). Oosit tahap ini memiliki tingkat penyerapan globula dan granula yolk yang tinggi, sehingga kebutuhan asam amino dan estradiol-17 β meningkat selama tahapan ini. Semakin banyak proporsi oosit tahap vitelogenik akhir yang dihasilkan akan menentukan jumlah oosit yang dioviposisikan (Tyler et al ., 1990). Nilai IGS pada minggu ke-8 pemeliharaan berkisar 2,0±0,7% pada P4D1 hingga 7,0±2,0% pada P2D2 (Gambar 3). Pakan dengan persentase protein maupun dosis estradiol-17 β yang diberikan tidak meningkatkan nilai IGS ikan nilem (p>0,05). Hasil penelitian ini tidak berbeda dengan hasil penelitian Rahayuningsih (2012), yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai IGS ikan nilem yang diberikan estradiol-17 β dengan dosis serupa dalam penelitian ini tidak mengalami peningkatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 272, "width": 241, "height": 119, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil serupa juga terjadi pada beberapa ikan seperti ikan rainbow trout (Nakamura et al. , 2009) dan ikan balashark ( Balantiocheilus melanopterus Bleeker ) (Zairin et al. , 1996). Pemberian pakan berprotein dalam penelitian ini tidak meningkatkan nilai IGS ikan nilem. Hasil tersebut berbeda dengan hasil penelitian pada ikan baung (Mystus nemurus C.V.) yang menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan berprotein meningkatkan nilai IGS ikan tersebut (Muflikhah et al ., 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 558, "width": 299, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 . Jumlah Oosit tahapan ≥ V6 (V6 -PV) pada Ovarium Induk O. hasselti yang Diberi Pakan Berprotein dan Estradiol-17 β", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 747, "width": 359, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 . Nilai IGS Induk O. hasselti Pasca Pemberian Perlakuan Berupa Persentase Protein dalam Pakan (P) dan Dosis E2 (D) Selama 8 Minggu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 404, "width": 402, "height": 262, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "372,18 536,88 784,09 468,36 738,47 868,80 564,84 732,60 737,01 476,29 782,32 846,60 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 P1D0 P1D1 P1D2 P2D0 P2D1 P2D2 P3D0 P3D1 P3D2 P4D0 P4D1 P4D2 Rerat a Kombinasi Persentase Protein Pakan (P) dengan Dosis E2 (D) Jumlah Total Oosit Tahap ≥ V6 0,027 0,032 0,059 0,031", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 264, "top": 618, "width": 81, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,051 0,070 0,060", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 594, "width": 390, "height": 137, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,035 0,046 0,031 0,020 0,047 0,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 P1D0 P1D1 P1D2 P2D0 P2D1 P2D2 P3D0 P3D1 P3D2 P4D0 P4D1 P4D2 re ra ta IG S Kombinasi Persentase Protein Pakan (P) dengan Dosis E2 (D) Nilai Indeks Gonado Somatik (IGS)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 184, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A NDRI P RAJAKA S ANTO , G RATIANA E KA W IJAYANTI , U NTUNG S USILO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 246, "height": 145, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan nilai IGS pada ikan nilem berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatan dosis estradiol-17 β yang diberikan (r=0,357; p<0,05). Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Estay et al. (2012), yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan kadarestradiol-17 β berkorelasi positif dengan peningkatan nilai IGS pada ikan rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Stimulasi estradiol-17 β dalam sintesis Vtg di dalam hepar meningkatkan deposisi globula yolk dan lipid pada setiap tahapan vitelogenik sehingga menyebabkan nilai IGS meningkat (Rovara et al ., 2008; Cabrita et al. , 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 213, "width": 242, "height": 120, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai IGS ikan nilem dalam penelitian ini lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian terhadap nilai IGS ikan nilem sebelumnya. Hal tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah pola pemeliharaan. Ikan yang dipelihara di akuarium cenderung memiliki perkembangan gonad yang lebih lambat dibandingkan yang dipelihara di kolam meskipun kondisi kualitas air sama-sama dalam kisaran yang baik untuk mendukung reproduksi ikan nilem. Hasil penelitian Prayogo et al . (2008),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 242, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa nilai IGS ikan nilem betina pascamijah yang dipelihara dalam akuarium selama 8 minggu sebesar 7,3±0,8% dan pada penelitian Fannessia (2011), ikan nilem betina pascamijah yang dipelihara di akuarium selama 6 minggu memiliki nilai IGS 10,44±7,47%. Sementara itu, ikan yang dipelihara di kolam dengan periode pemeliharaan 6 minggu nilai GSI mencapai >16% (Soeminto et al. , 1995).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 176, "width": 242, "height": 145, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai Indeks Hepato Somatik (IHS) induk ikan nilem setelah 8 minggu pemeliharaan berkisar antara 0,6±0,4% pada P1D1 hingga 2,4±2,1% pada P1D0 (Gambar 4). Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa persentase protein pakan dan dosis estradiol-17 β yang diberikan tidak meningkatkan nilai IHS ikan nilem (p>0,05). Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Rahayuningsih (2012), yang menunjukkan bahwa pemberian estradiol-17 β tidak meningkatkan nilai IHS ikan nilem. Pemberian pakan berprotein juga tidak menunjukkan peningkatan terhadap nilai IHS pada ikan nila (Tyas, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 498, "width": 359, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 . Nilai IGS Induk O. hasselti Pasca Pemberian Perlakuan Berupa Persentase Protein dalam Pakan (P) dan Dosis E2 (D) Selama 8 Minggu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 688, "width": 359, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4 . Nilai IHS Induk O. hasselti Pasca Pemberian Perlakuan Berupa Persentase Protein dalam Pakan (P) dan Dosis E2 (D) Selama 8 Minggu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 716, "width": 242, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai IHS pada induk ikan nilem setelah 8 minggu pemeliharaan tidak berbeda secara nyata pada tiap- tiap perlakuan. Hal ini diduga selama proses vitellogenesis, hepar mensintesis Vtg dalam jumlah yang banyak sehingga menyebabkan nilai IHS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 716, "width": 240, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menurun. Selama vitellogenesis terjadi akumulasi protein yolk dan lipid pada oosit. Protein yolk dan lipid adalah material terbesar dalam oosit ikan (Brooks et al ., 1997). Selama vitellogenesis sampai waktu pemijahan, glikogen yang terdapat dalam hepar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 368, "width": 199, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,027 0,032 0,059 0,031 0,051 0,070 0,060", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 106, "top": 344, "width": 390, "height": 283, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,035 0,046 0,031 0,020 0,047 0,000 0,020 0,040 0,060 0,080 0,100 P1D0 P1D1 P1D2 P2D0 P2D1 P2D2 P3D0 P3D1 P3D2 P4D0 P4D1 P4D2 re ra ta IG S Kombinasi Persentase Protein Pakan (P) dengan Dosis E2 (D) Nilai Indeks Gonado Somatik (IGS) 0,024 0,006 0,014 0,013", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 262, "top": 597, "width": 241, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,010 0,011 0,017 0,011 0,009 0,013 0,014 0,010", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 534, "width": 390, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,000 0,010 0,020 0,030 0,040 0,050 P1D0 P1D1 P1D2 P2D0 P2D1 P2D2 P3D0 P3D1 P3D2 P4D0 P4D1 P4D2 re ra ta IHS Kombinasi Persentase Protein Pakan (P) dengan Dosis E2 (D) Nilai Indeks Hepato Somatik (IHS)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 36, "width": 211, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CRIPTA B IOLOGICA | VOLUME 1 | NOMER 1 | MARET 2014 | 33-42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 810, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| http://scri.bio.unsoed.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 530, "top": 809, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 71, "width": 241, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menjadi sumber energi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan metabolik selama perkembangan oosit (Hoar et al ., 1983; Wiegand, 1996; Reidel et al ., 2010). Faktor lingkungan juga memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan gonad ikan. Dalam penelitian ini diukur pula parameter kualitas air yang mendukung bagi kesehatan dan perkembangan ikan. Temperatur air dalam penelitian ini adalah 25-27°C, suhu tersebut merupakan suhu yang optimum untuk pertumbuhan ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 193, "width": 201, "height": 72, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 . Data Parameter Kualitas Air No. Parameter Kisaran Nilai 1. Temperatur (°C) 25 – 27 2. pH 7 3. DO (mg/l) 3,8 – 7,6 4. COD (mg/l) 8 - 48", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 269, "width": 245, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hoar et al. (1983), ikan yang hidup di daerah tropis, dapat berkembang biak dengan baik sepanjang tahun di perairan suhu yang tinggi (26- 31°C). Cornish dan Smit (1995), menyebutkan bahwa peningkatan temperature air mampu menginduksi vitellogenesis dan pemijahan pada ikan Cyprinidae. Nilai Dissolved Oxygen (DO) pada akuarium pemeliharaan berkisar antara 3,8 – 7,6 mg/l, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang berkisar antara 8 – 48 mg/l dan nilai pH 7 masih merupakan batas normal bagi pertumbuhan ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 404, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "K E S I M P U L A N D A N S A R A N", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 423, "width": 235, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan, kesimpulan yang diperoleh sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 446, "width": 243, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem dapat dipacu dengan pemberian estradiol- 17β . Pemberian estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB meningkatkan proprosi oosit tahap V3-V5, sedangkan dosis 210 µg/kg BB meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6- V7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 517, "width": 241, "height": 84, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem dapat dipacu dengan pemberian pakan dengan kandungan protein yang berbeda. Pemberian pakan dengan persentase protein 25-30% mampu memacu perkembangan oosit tahap V3-V5, sedangkan pakan dengan persentase 35-40% dapat memacu perkembangan oosit tahap V6-V7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 599, "width": 243, "height": 178, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Perkembangan oosit ikan nilem dapat dipacu dengan kombinasi pakan dengan kandungan protein dan estradiol- 17β dengan dosis berbeda . Pemberian pakan dengan persentase rendah (25- 30%) dan penambahan estradiol- 17β dosis 126 µg/kg BB dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V3-V5. Pemberian pakan dengan persentase tinggi (35-40%) dan penambahan estradiol- 17β dosis 210 µg/kg BB dapat meningkatkan proporsi oosit tahap V6-V7. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, untuk meningkatkan perkembangan oosit ikan nilem menuju maturasi yang lebih cepat, dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian pakan dengan persentase tinggi (35-40%) dan penambahan estradiol- 17β . Dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 71, "width": 243, "height": 84, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian ini tidak diukur kadar estradiol- 17β setiap minggunya. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar estradiol- 17β di minggu pertama hingga minggu ke delapan pemeliharaan untuk mengetahui dinamika kadar estradiol- 17β pad a ikan nilem tersebut. Perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa dengan pemeliharaan di kolam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 164, "width": 139, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "U C A P A N T E R I M A K A S I H", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 183, "width": 239, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini didanai oleh Riset Unggulan tahun anggaran 2012 atas nama GE Wijayanti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 364, "top": 211, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D A F T A R R E F E R E N S I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 230, "width": 236, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abassi Z, Shaikh SA, Abassi J. 2011. Serum cholesterol level during vitellogenesis of teleost fish, Cyprinus carpio . Pakistan J. 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[ { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 96, "width": 280, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA INCEST DENGAN KORBAN ANAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 329, "height": 225, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Oleh : Marwan Busyro Abstrak Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya penanggulangan terhadap tindak pidana incest dengan korban anak. Penulisan menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur (library research). Dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya tindak pidana incest dengan korban anak adalah karena rendahnya pendidikan dan ekonomi, lingkungan atau tempat tinggal, alkohol, kurangnya pemahaman terhadap agama dan peranan korban. Upaya dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana incest yang dapat dilakukan adalah: melalui tindakan preventif yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap elemen, diantaranya pencegahan yang dilakukan oleh individu, masyarakat, pemerintah, dan kepolisian dan tindakan represif yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum yaitu kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan Lembaga Permasyarakatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 375, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kata kunci : tindak pidana incest dan anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 401, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 414, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "1.1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Negara Republik Indonesia yang berlandaskan Pancasila dan Undang-undang Dasar 1945 (selanjutnya disebut UUD NRI Tahun 1945), mengatur setiap tingkah laku warga negaranya tidak terlepas dari segala peraturan-peraturan yang bersumber dari hukum. Negara hukum menghendaki agar hukum senantiasa harus ditegakkan, dihormati dan ditaati oleh siapapun juga tanpa ada pengecualian. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keamanan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "ketertiban, kesejahteraan dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Upaya perlindungan terhadap anak telah cukup lama dibicarakan baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia internasional tentang kekerasaan. Fenomena kekerasaan terhadap anak, dengan berbagai bentuknya nampaknya masih menjadi tren yang terus meningkat dalam masyarakat. Berita kasus anak yang diungkapkan pekerja media juga masih sebatas kasus yang masuk ke dalam catatan aparat penegak hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 219, "width": 327, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Pada hakikatnya anak tidak dapat mellindungi dirinya sendiri dari berbagai macam tindakan yang menimbulkan kerugian mental, fisik, sosial dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan dan penghidupan. Anak harus dibantu oleh orang lain dalam melindungi dirinya, mengingat situasi dan kondisinya, khususnya dalam kasus incest yang terjadi pada anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 327, "height": 150, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Selain berkewajiban untuk mencegah dan mengatasi sebuah kejahatan, kita juga mempunyai kewajiban untuk melindungi diri dan orang-orang terdekat, atau siapa saja dari sebuah ancaman kejahatan. Terlebih lagi kepada keluarga sebagai unit terkecil dalam sebuah masyarakat, dalam sebuah keluarga sendiri terdapat anggota yang sangat rawan menjadi korban kejahatan, yaitu anak. Sasaran yang sangat rawan menjadi korban kejahatan, yaitu anak. Sasaran yang sangat memiliki daya tarik tersendiri terhadap sebuah kejahatan beberapa dikarenakan oleh ketidakberdayaan anak dalam mencegah atau melindungi diri dari sebuah kejahatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 452, "width": 327, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Masalah kejahatan merupakan bagian dari perubahan sosial dan bukan hal yang baru, pada prinsipnya meskipun tempat dan waktunya berlainan namun tetap dinilai sama. Peningkatan kejahatan dari waktu ke waktu tidak dapat dihindari, dikarenakan bentuk perubahan sosial sebagai pendorongnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Semakin kompleksnya masyarakat dewasa ini, dapat mempengaruhi seseorang maupun kelompok tertentu dalam mempertinggi persaingan hidup terutama kebutuhan ekonomi yang ditandai dengan munculnya kesenjangan antara golongan kaya dan golongan miskin yang memunculkan berbagi jenis kejahatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 327, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Salah satu bentuk kejahatan yang sangat merugikan dan meresehkan masyarakat adalah kejehatan incest yang merupakan salah satu kejahatan seksual yang masih sangat tabu didalam masyarakat dan merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak pelanggaran hak asasi manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kejahatan seksual terhadap anak dapat terjadi kapan saja, dimana saja dan dilakukan oleh siapa saja, termasuk orang-orang yang dianggap sebagai pelindung seperti ayah kandung/tiri, paman,kakek atau saudara. Korbannya bukan saja anak perempuan, anak laki-lakipun berpotensi menjadi korban, walaupun dari kasus-kasus terungkap korban umumnya anak perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 327, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Secara lintas-budaya incest lebih bersifat emosional daripada masalah hukum, maka istilah tabu lebih dipilih daripada sekedar larangan. Namun, meskipun diakui dalam antropologi sebagai hal yang universal, ketabuan incest dipandang secara berbeda dalam masyarakat yang berbeda, dan pengetahuan tentang pelanggarannya pun menimbulkan reaksi yang sangat berbeda dari masyarakat ke masyarakat. Beberapa masyarakat menganggap incest hanya meliputi mereka yang tinggal dalam satu rumah, atau yang berasal dari klan atau keturunan yang sama; masyarakat lain menganggap incest meliputi “saudara sedarah”; sedangkan yang lainnya lagi lebih jauh mengkaitkannya dengan adopsi atau perkawinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Incest antara orang dewasa dan anak di bawah umur dianggap sebagai bentuk pelecehan seksual anak. Kasus ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "terbukti menjadi salah satu bentuk pelecehan masa kanak-kanak paling ekstrim, seringkali menjadi trauma psikologis yang serius dan berkepanjangan, terutama dalam kasus incest yang dilakukan orangtua. Orang dewasa yang masa kecilnya pernah menjadi korban incest dari orang dewasa seringkali menderita rasa rendah diri, kesulitan dalam hubungan interpersonal, dan disfungsi seksual, serta berisiko tinggi mengalami gangguan mental, termasuk depresi, kecemasan, reaksi penghindaran fobia, gangguan somatoform , penyalahgunaan zat, gangguan kepribadian garis-batas, dan gangguan stres pasca-trauma yang kompleks. Akibat psikologis makin diperparah dengan adanya stigma dari masyrakat mengenai nilai kehormatan dan keparawanan seorang perempuan, sehingga anak yang menjadi korban perkosaan akan merasa dirinya tidak lagi berharga dan membawa aib. Hal inilah yang perlu menjadi perhatian bagi aparat penegak hukum dalam menjatuhkan pidana bagi pelakunya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Tindak pidana incest merupakan perbuatan yang tidak bermoral dimana seorang ayah terhadap puteri kandungnya sendiri mencerminkan kelainan pada aktivitas seksual si pelaku yang dikenal dengan dengan istilah incest yaitu hubungan seksual antara ayah dengan anak kandungnya, ibu dengan anak kandungnya, kakak dengan adiknya. Incest dapat diartikan hubungan seks keluarga sedarah (yang tidak boleh dinikahi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 327, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kejahatan incest terhadap anak sebagai korbannya merupakan salah satu masalah sosial yang sangat meresahkan mesyarakat sehingga perlu dicegah dan ditanggulangi. Oleh karena itu masalah ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian serius dari semua kalangan terutama kalangan kriminolog dan penegak hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 327, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas, maka penulis tertarik untuk mengkajiapa sebenarnya yang menjadi faktor penyebab sehingga terjadinya tindak pidana incest serta upaya apa yang harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "ditempuh dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana incest dengan judul upaya penanggulangan terhadap tindak pidana incest dengan korban anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "1.2. Tujuan Penulisan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 164, "width": 327, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya penanggulangan terhadap tindak pidana incest dengan korban anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 219, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "1.3. Metode Penulisan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Penulisan menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur ( library research ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2. Uraian Teoritis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2.1. Definisi Kriminologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kriminologi merupakan ilmu pengatahuan yang mempelajari kejahatan dari berbagai aspek. Nama kriminologi pertama kali dikemukakan oleh P. Topinard (1830-1911), seorang ahli antropologi prancis. Kriminologi terdiri dari dua kata yakni kata crime yang berarti kejahatan dan logos yang berarti ilmu pengetahuan, maka kriminologi adalah ilmu tentang kejahatan (Alam dan Amir Ilyas 2010:1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 395, "width": 327, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Pengertian kriminologi (Hari Saherodji, 1980:9) yaitu: mengandung pengertian yang sangat luas, dikatakan demikian, karena dalam mempelajari kejahatan tidak dapat lepas dari pengaruh dan sudut pandang. Ada yang memandang kriminologi dari sudut perilaku yang menyimpang dari norma-norma yang berlaku dalam masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Menurut Bonger (Hari Saherodji, 1980:9) kriminologi sebagai “ilmu pengetahuan yang bertujuan menyelidiki gejala kejahatan seluas- luasnya”. Menurut Moeljatno, (1986:6) menyata - kan bahwa “kriminologi merupakani lmu pengetahuan tentang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "kejahatan dan kelakuan jelek dan tentang orangnya yang tersangkut pada kejahatan dan kelakuan jelek itu”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 327, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian singkat di atas ditarik suatu pemikiran, bahwa kriminologi adalah bidang ilmu yang cukup penting dipelajari karena dengan adanya kriminologi, dapat dipergunakan sebagai kontrol sosial terhadap kebijakan dan pelaksanaan hukum pidana. Munculnya lembaga-lembaga kriminologi dibeberapa perguruan tinggi sangat diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangan-sumbangan dan ide-ide yang dapat dipergunakan untuk mengembangkan kriminologi sebagai science for welfare of society.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 192, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2.2. Pengertian Delik (Tindak Pidana)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Pertama-tama dikemukakan arti delik dalam hukum pidana positif, delik itu sama pengertiannya dengan peristiwa pidana atau tindak pidana. Menurut rumusan para ahli hukum dari terjemahan strafbaarfeit yaitu perbuatan yang melanggar atau bertentangan dengan UU atau hukum, perbuatan mana yang dilakukan dengan kesalahan seseorang yang dapat diper- tanggungjawabkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 327, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Istilah-istilah yang pernah digunakan, baik dalam perundang-undangan yang ada maupun dalam berbagai literature hukum sebagai terjemahan dari istilah strafbaar feit antara lain tindak pidana. Dapat dikatakan istilah resmi dalam perundang- undangan Pidana kita. Hampir seluruh pertauran perundang- undangan menggunakan istilah tindak pidana, seperti dalam UU Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 Tentang Hak Cipta, UU Nomor 3 Tahun 1971 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan beberapa ketentuan perundang-undangan lainnya. Ahli hukum yang menggunakan istilah ini seperti Wirjono Prodjodikoro. Istilah lain untuk strafbaar feit adalah peristiwa pidana yang digunakan oleh beberapa ahli hukum misalnya R. Tresna, H. J. Van Schravendijk, A. Zainal Abidin Farid. Pembentuk UU juga pernah menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 246, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "istilah peristiwa pidana, yaitu dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara 1950. Selain istilah-istilah diatas, istilah lain yang sering digunakan adalah delik, yang sebenarnya berasal dari bahasa latin delictum juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan strafbaar feit .Istilah ini dapat dijumpai dalam berbagai literature yang ditulis oleh beberapa ahli hukum seperti E. Utrecht, walaupun beliau juga menggunakan istilah lain yakni peristiwa pidana. Begitu juga A. Zainal Abdin Farid, pernah menggunakan istilah delik serta Moeljatno juga menggunakan istilah ini, walaupun menurut beliau lebih tepat dengan istilah pidana. Begitu juga istilah seperti pelanggaran pidana, dapat dijumpai dalam tulisan M. H. Tirtaamidjaja, perbuatan yang boleh dihukum, yang digunakan oleh kami, begitu juga Schravendijk. Perbuatan yang dapat dihukum, digunakan oleh pembentuk Undang-undang dalam UU Nomor 12/Drt Tahun 1951 Tentang Senjata Api dan Bahan Peledak serta perbuatan pidana, digunakan oleh Moelijatno dalam berbagai tulisannya (Adami Chazawi, 2008:68).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 327, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Penganut aliran dualistis seperti Roeslan Saleh (Andi Zainal Abidin Farid, 2007:230) merumuskan strafbaar feit atau menurut istilah beliau perbuatan pidana sebagai berikut: Peraturan- peraturan melarang dilakukannya perbuatan tertentu. Perbuatan- perbuatan tertentu yang dilarang oleh peraturan-peraturan itulah yang dinamakan “perbuatan pidana”. Dalam peraturan-peraturan itu ditentukan pula apakah akibat dari dilanggarnya larangan. Apakah akibat dari dilakukannya perbuatan tersebut, yaitu diancamnya orang yang melakukan perbuatan tersebut dengan pidana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 479, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Merujuk kepada rumusan strafbaar feit yang telah dikemukakannya Roeslan Saleh kemudian berkesimpulan, bahwa yang dilarang adalah perbuatannya, dan yang diancam dengan pidana adalah orang yang melakukan perbuatan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, kita dapat mengemukakan bahwa delik (tindak pidana) adalah perbuatan yang diancam dengan hukuman kepada barangsiapa yang melakukannya.Mulai dari hukuman yang serendah-rendahnya sampai kepada yang setinggi-tingginya dengan pelanggaran yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2.3. Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 191, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kata “kesusilaan” dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia yang disusun oleh Departamen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan tahun 1989. Kata “susila” dimuat arti sebagai berikut : 1. Baik budi bahasanya, beradab, sopan,tertib;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 246, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2. Adat istiadat yang baik, sopan santun, kesopanan, keadaan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "3. Pengetahuan tentang adat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 274, "width": 327, "height": 81, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Dengan demikian makna dari “kesusilaan” adalah tindakan yang berkenaan dengan moral yang terdapat pada setiap diri manusia, makna dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa pengertian delik kesusilaan adalah perbuatan yang melanggar hukum, dimana perbuatan tersebut menyangkut etika yang ada dalam diri manusia yang telah diatur dalam perundang-undangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 327, "height": 96, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Tindak pidana kesusilaan diatur dalam Buku II KUHPidana. Penulis akan membahas beberapa jenis delik terhadap kesusilaan, dimana delik tersebut berkaitan erat dengan incest yang akan dibahas sebagai berikut: 1. Perzinaan 2. Pemerkosaan 3. Pencabulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2.4 . Incest", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 478, "width": 327, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Belakangan ini, banyak sekali ditemukan baik di media maupun kehidupan nyata, seorang anak menjadi korban kekerasan seksual yang dilakukan anggota keluarga sendiri yang lazim disebut incest . Incest atau inses dalam kamus besar bahasa Indonesia adalah hubungan seksual antara orang-orang yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "bersaudara dekat yang dianggap melanggar adat, hukum dan agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 327, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Menurut Sawitri Supardi Sadarjoen, incest adalah hubungan seksual yang dilakukan oleh pasangan yang memiliki ikatan keluarga yang kuat, seperti misalnya ayah dengan anak perempuannya, ibu dengan anak laki-lakinya, atau antar sesama keluarga kandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 192, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Kartini Kartono(1989:255), incest adalah hubungan seks diantara pria dan wanita di dalam atau diluar ikatan perkawinan, dimana mereka terkait dalam hubungan kekerabatan atau keturunan yang yang dekat sekali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 329, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Sofyan S. Willis (1994:27) mengemukakan pengertian incest sebagai berikut: Hubungan kelamin yang terjadi antara dua orang diluar nikah, sedangkan mereka adalah kerabat dekat sekali. Selanjutnya pendapat incest yang dikemukakan oleh Supratik (1995:101) mengatakan bahwa: taraf koitus antara anggota keluarga, misalnya antara kakak lelaki dengan adik perempuannya yang dimaksud adalah hubungan seksual.Atau antara ayah dengan anak perempuannya, yang dilarang oleh adat dan kebudayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 327, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Dari pengertian diatas dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Incest adalah hubungan seksual yang terjadi di antara anggota kerabat dekat, biasanya adalah kerabat inti seperti ayah, atau paman. Incest dapat terjadi suka sama suka yang kemudian bias terjalin dalam perkawinan dan ada yang terjadi secara paksa yang lebih tepat disebut dengan perkosaan. Incest digambarkan sebagai kejadian relasi seksual; diantara individu yang berkaitan darah, akan tetapi istilah tersebut akhirnya dipergunakan secara lebih luas, yaitu untuk menerangkan hubungan seksual ayah dengan anak, antar saudara. Incest merupakan perbuatan terlarang bagi hampir setiap lingkungan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Freud (Sawitri Supardi Sadarjoen, 2005:74) berkesimpulan bahwa dasar tabu incest adalah apabila incest dibenarkan maka akan terjadi persaingan, perebutan pasangan dalam lingkungan, antara ayah-ibu-saudara-saudara. Jelas bahwa persaingan atau perbuatan semacam itu akan membawa kehancuran keluarga dan suku bangsa sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 327, "height": 109, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kemudian Freud (Sawitri Supardi Sadarjoen, 2005:74) menambahkan bahwa disposisi psikis yang dibawa sejak lahir akan tetap efektif apabila mendapat persaingan tertentu daripada proses percampuran darah antara individu yang tidak ada kaitan darahnya. Selain itu, tidak ada satu generasi pun yang akan mampu mempertahankan disposisi psikis yang positif dalam garis keturunan yang sama. Kecuali itu, ketakutan kastrasi pada fase phallic menghambat pelampiasan fantasi incest", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2.5. Anak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 327, "height": 136, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Secara umum peraturan perundang-undangan di berbagai Negara terutama pada pendekatan usia tidak ada keseragaman perumusan tentang anak. Kaitannya dengan itu maka Suryana Hamid (2004:21) menguraikan bahwa di amerika, batas umur anak delapan sampai delapan belas tahun. Di Australia disebut anak apabila berumur minimal 18 tahun dengan maksimal 16 tahun, di Inggris batas umur anak 12 tahun dan maksimal 16 tahun sedangkan di Belanda yang disebut anak adalah apabila berumur antara 12 sampai 18 tahun, demikian juga Srilangka, Jepang, Korea, Filipina, Malaysia dan Singapura.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Di Indonesia ada beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang anak, misalnya Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 tentang Peradilan Anak, Undang-Undang Nomor 4 tentang Kesejahteraan Anak, Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak dan Berbagai peraturan lain yang berkaitan dengan masalah anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 123, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Menurut Pasal 1 ayat (1) dan (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1997 adalah sebagai berikut: Anak adalah orang yang dalam perkara anak nakal telah mencapai umur 8 (delapan) tahun tetapi belum mencapai umur 18(delapan belas) tahun dan belum pernah kawin. Anak nakal adalah: a. Anak yang melakukan tindak pidana, b. Anak yang melakukan perbuatan yang terlarang bagi anak baik menurut peraturan perundang-undangan maupun menurut perauran hukumlain yang hidup dan berlaku dalam masyarakat yang bersangkutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 233, "width": 74, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "3. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 246, "width": 327, "height": 191, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Usaha penanggulangan suatu kejahatan, apakah itu menyangkut kepentingan hukum seseorang, masyarakat maupun kepentingan hukum Negara., tidaklah mudah seperti yang dibayangkan karena hampir tidak mungkin dmenghilangkannya. Tindak kejahatan atau kriminalitas akan tetap ada selama manusia masih ada dipermukaan bumi ini, kriminaitas akan hadir pada segala bentuk tingkat kehidupan masyarakat. Kejahatan amatlah kompleks sifatnya, karena tingkah laku dari penjahat itu banyak variasinya serta sesuai pula dengan perkembangan yang semakin canggih dan dipengaruhi oleh kemajuan teknologi dan berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya tindak pidana incest , dimana semakin meuasnya informasi melalui media elektronik maupun media cetak dari seluruh belahan dunia yang tidak melalui tahap penyaringan terhadap adegan-adegan yang berbau negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat dari tayangan yang berbau pornografi mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan tindak pidana kesusilaan antara lain pencabulan, perkosaan dan perzinahan. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan upaya menanggulanginya baik secara jalur hukum atau tindakan represif dan secara jalur non hukum atau tindakan preventif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "a. Tindakan Preventif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 123, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "1). Individu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 327, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap individu adalah berusaha untuk terus mencoba agar tidak menjadi korban kejahatannya khususnya incest , salah satunya adalah tidak memberikan kesempatan atau ruang kepada setiap orang atau setiap pelaku untuk melakukan kejahatan. Salah satunya yaitu dengan jalan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "- Menghindari pakaian yang dapat menimbulkan rangsangan seksual terhadap lawan jenis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "- Tidak tidur bersama dengan anggota keluarga yang berlainan jenis yang telah dewasa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 274, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "2). Masyarakat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 327, "height": 109, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kehidupan masyarakat adalah suatu komunitas manusia yang memiliki watak yang berbeda-beda satu sama lainnya, sehingga kehidupan masyarakat merupakan salah satu hal yang penting dimana menentukan dapat atau tidaknya suatu kejahatan dilakukan. Dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat perlu adanya poa hidup yang aman dan tentram sehingga tidak terdapat ruang atau untuk terjadinya kejahatan, khususnya kejahatan dibidang asusila terutama incest terhadap anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 327, "height": 136, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Pencegahan terhadap kejahatan asusia yang merupaka suatu usaha bersama yang harus dimulai sedini mungkin pada setiap anggota masyarakat. Upaya yang dilakukan agar mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana kesusilaan yaitu menciptakan suasana yang tidak menyimpang dengan tata nilai yang dianut oleh masyarakat. Adapun usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat untuk mencegah yaitu dengan jalan mengadakan acara silaturahi antara anggota masyarakat yang diisi dengan ceramah- ceramah yang dibawakan oleh tokoh masyarakat dilingkungan tempat tinggal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 327, "height": 122, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "3). Usaha yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Dalam usaha penanggulangan kejahatan, pemerintah juga tidak lepas dari hal ini, menginggat pemerintah merupakan perpanjangan tangan dari Negara maka pemerintah mempunyai kekuasaan dan wewenang yang lebih tinggi dari masyarakat dan bertanggungjawab atas kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang aman dan tentram. Banyak hal yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebagai upaya penanggulangan kejahatan asusila terutama incest , diantaranya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 233, "width": 327, "height": 122, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "- Mengadakan penyuluhan hukum. Upaya penyuluhan hukum sangatlah penting dilakukan, mengingat bahwa pada umumnya pelaku kejahatan, khususnya tindak pidana incest adalah tingkat kesadaran hukumnya masih relative rendah, sehingga dengan adanya kegiatan penyuluhan ini diharapkan mereka dapat memahami dan menyadari, bahwa tindak pidana incest itu merupakan perbuatan melanggar hukum serta merugikan masyarakat, yang diancam dengan Undang-undang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 327, "height": 122, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "- Mengadakan penyuluhan keagamaan Agama merupakan petunjuk bagi umat manusia untuk mendapat kesejahteraan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Melalui penyeluhan keagamaan diharapkan keimanan seseorang terhadap agama kepercayaannya semakin kokoh, serta dimanifestasikan dalam perilaku sehari-hari di dalam masyarakat, serta untuk melakukan kejahatan menyangkut tindak pidana asusila terutama tindak pidana incest dapat dialihkan kepada hal-hal yang positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 72, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "4). Kepolisian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Kepolisian sebagai salah satu instansi penegak hukum, juga memandang peranan yang sangat penting demi terwujudnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 150, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "kehidupan yang aman dan tentram. Usaha yang dilakukan polisi dalam upaya penanggulangan kejahatan diantaranya adalah melakukan patrol rutin untuk meningkatkan suasana kamtibmas dalam kehidupan masyarakat, selain itu kepolisian juga secara rutin memberikan penyuluhan hukum terhadap masyarakat. Selain itu kepolisian juga secara rutin memberikan penyuluhan hukum terhadap masyrakat. Selain itu aparat kepolisian dalam melakukan patroli diharapkan mampu membangun komunikasi yang baik dengan masyarakat sehingga tercipta hubungan yang harmonis anntara polisi dengan masyarakat yang nantinya akan melahirkan kerjasama yang baik diantara keduannnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "b. Upaya Represif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 274, "width": 327, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Selain upaya preventif diatas, juga diperlukan upaya represif sebagai bentuk dari upaya penanggulangan kejahatan asusila termasuk incest. Penanggulangan yang dilakukan secara represif adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum, berupa penjatuhan atau pemberian sanksi pidana kepada pelaku kejahatan, dalam hal ini dilakukan oleh kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan Lembaga permasyarakatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 327, "height": 164, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Selain tindakan preventif yang dapat dilakukan oleh kepolisian, kepolisian juga dapat melakukan tindakan-tindakan represif. Tindakan represif yang dilakukan harus sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah ditetapkan dan atas perintah atasan tertinggi kepolisian tersebut. Tindakan tersebut harus mendapat perintah dari atasan dikarenakan jika terjadi kesalahan prosuder dan lain sebagainya yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi pelaku ataupun masyarakat, hal tersebut menjadi tanggung jawab atasan. Sehingga aparat yang bekerja dilapangan dalam melakukan tindakan tidak sewenang-wenang. Tindakan tersebut dapat berupa pelumpuhan terhadap pelaku, melakukan penangkapan, penyelidikan, penyidikan dan lain sebagainya. Sementara bagi pihak kejaksaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "adalah meneruskan penyidikan dari kepolisian dan melakukan penuntutan dihadapan majelis hakim pengadilan negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Sementara di pihak hakim adalah pemberian pidana maksimal kepada pelaku diharapkan agar pelaku dan calon pelaku mempertimbangkan kembali untuk melakukan dan menjadi takut dan jera untuk mengulangi kembali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Sementara bagi pihak Lembaga Permasyarakatan memberikan pembinaan terhadap narapidana yang berada di Lembaga Permasyarakatan berupa pembinaan mental agama, penyuluhan hukum serta berbagai macam keterampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 246, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "4. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "4.1. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 327, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Faktor-faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya tindak pidana incest dengan korban anak adalah karena rendahnya pendidkan dan ekonomi, lingkungan atau tempat tinggal, alkohol, kurangnya pemahaman terhadap agama dan peranan korban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Upaya dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana incest yang dapat dilakukan adalah: melalui tindakan preventif yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap elemen, diantaranya pencegahan yang dilakukan oleh individu, masyarakat, pemerintah, dan kepolisian dan tindakan represif yang dilakukan oleh aparat penegak hukum yaitu kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan dan Lembaga Permasyarakatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "4.2. Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 327, "height": 95, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Untuk mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana incest sangat diperlukan peran aparat penegak hukum agar jika terjadi suatu tindak pidana incest hendaknya masyarakat harus tanggap dan berusaha mengambil tindakan dan melaporkan kepada pihak yang berwajib serta diperlukan professionalism dalam menangani tindaka pidana incest yang terjadi ditengah masyarakat. Harus dilakukan upaya untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran hukum posotif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jurnal Warta Edisi : 52", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 50, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "April 2017 | ISSN : 1829 - 7463", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 548, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 327, "height": 68, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "dalam masyarakat dengan cara melakukan penyuluhan hukum, Dalam hal ini juga sangat diperlukan peran aktif masyarakat, tokoh masyarakat serta ulama memberikan pemahaman mengenai dampak kejahatan dari sudut pandang agama, moral etika dan juga menganai dampak yang ditimbulkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 244, "width": 327, "height": 40, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Alam, A, S, dan Ilyas, Amir. 2010. Pengantar Kriminologi, Makassar: Pustaka Refleksi Books. Chazawi, Adami, 2002. Pelajaran Hukum Pidana I, Jakarta: Raja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 285, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 299, "width": 327, "height": 67, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Farid, Andi Zainal Abidin, 2007. Hukum Pidana I, Jakarta: Sinar Grafika. Hamid, Suryana, 2004. Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana, Jakarta: PPPKPH-UI. Kartini, Kartono, 1989. Psikologi Abnormal dan Abnormalitas Seksual,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 327, "height": 123, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Jakarta:Mandar Maju. Moeljatno. 1986. Kriminologi. Jakarta: Bina Aksara.. Saherodji H, Hari. 1980. Pokok-pokok Kriminologi, Jakarta : Aksara Baru. Supardi Sadarjoen, Sawitri, 2005. Bunga Rampai Kasus Gangguan Psikoseksual, Bandung: Refika Aditama. Supratik, 1995. Mengenai Perilaku Abnormal, Jakarta: KANISUS Weda, Made Darma, 1996. Kriminologi, Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 490, "width": 327, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 468, "page_height": 612, "text": "Willis, Sofyan, 1994. Problema Remaja dan Pemecahannya. Jakarta: IKAPI.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 801, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 87, "width": 410, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perancangan Enterprise Architecture sebagai Masterplan Pengembangan Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi Menggunakan Framework TOGAF ADM", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 194, "top": 154, "width": 208, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ade Indra Saputra * , Rahma Wahdiniwaty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 182, "width": 422, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Magister Sistem Informasi, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Jl. Dipati Ukur 112-116 Bandung * Korespondensi: Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 218, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima: 11-11-2023 ; Review: 10-12-2023; Disetujui: 12-07-2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 242, "width": 470, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara sitasi: Saputra, A.I., Wahdiniwaty, R., 2024., Perancangan Enterprise Architecture sebagai Masterplan Pengembangan Teknologi Dan Sistem Informasi Menggunakan Framework TOGAF ADM, Jurnal Tata Kelola dan Kerangka Kerja TI, 10(1): 15-21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 314, "width": 468, "height": 156, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK – PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang konsultan dan pengembangan SDM khususnya konsultan pengembangan SDM dan tes psikologi. Berdasarkan observasi di lapangan perkembangan teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi pada PT XYZ kurang berjalan dengan baik, masih terjadi penumpukkan pemohon tes psikologi sim di outlet serta tidak adanya dokumentasi teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang bisa di jadikan sebagai acuan untuk melakukan pengembangan teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi. Sehingga PT XYZ saat ini menghadapi permasalahan di sebabkan beberapa hal seperti tidak tertatanya teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi. Oleh sebab itu dengan di butuhkan pengembangan teknologi dan sistem informasi yang lebih baik untuk mencapai tujuan untuk memiliki teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang selaras dengan visi dan misi perusahaan dengan membangun sebuah enterprise architecture. Adapun Langkah dalam mengatasi permasalahan pada PT XYZ adalah dengan merancang arsitektur enterprise menggunakan framework TOGAF ADM dimana perancangan EA ini berdasarkan arsitektur visi, arsitektur bisnis, arsitektur sistem informasi, arsitektur teknologi serta opportunities and solutions. Hasil dari penelitian ini menghasil sebuah blue print yang akan di jadikan sebagai acuan atau masterplan perusahaan untuk pengembangan teknologi dan sistem informasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 477, "width": 389, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci – Enterprise Architecture Framework, Masterplan, Pengembangan, TOGAF ADM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 515, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. P ENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 532, "width": 236, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi komputer dan handphone saat ini sangat mendukung perkembangan aplikasi sistem informasi yang begitu sangat canggih dan mudah dipahami, sehingga pengembangan aplikasi sistem informasi pun sudah semakin mudah untuk di bangun. Di era yang serba canggih dan modern ini teknologi sangat berperan penting dalam menjalankan aktivitas bisnis untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 236, "height": 133, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi dan sistem informasi sangat mendukung kinerja perusahaan dalam meningkatkan efektifitas dalam memenuhi keinginan konsumen [1]. Ada beberapa faktor peranan teknologi dan sistem informasi dalam suatu perusahaan, seperti pertumbuhan komputasi pervasive , meningkatnya popularitas web , serta dengan hadirnya proses bisnis baru [2]. Karena kepopuleran web yang di akses melalui Internet identik sebagai standar interface pada layanan- layanan yang ada di internet . Web di manfaatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 509, "width": 236, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk melakukan komunikasi melalui e-mail hingga chatting . Beberapa alasan mengapa web digunakan sebagai strategi teknologi perusahaanya, yaitu karena akses informasi lebih mudah, pengaturan server lebih mudah, informasi mudah di distribusikan, multiplatform , informasi dapat di sampaikan melalui web browser pada sistem operasi apapun karena berbagai tipe data disajikan dengan adanya standar dokumen pada web [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 618, "width": 236, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi memberikan solusi terbaik dalam menjawab berbagai hal untuk menunjang aktivitas fungsi bisnis seperti halnya pelayanan, di era yang serba modern ini dibutuhkan sebuah perangkat teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang efektif dan efisien dalam melakukan pelayanan terhadap customer . Pelayanan terhadap customer juga harus di penuhi karena dengan memastikan pelayanan terbaik akan memberikan kesan baik terhadap perusahaan [1], [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 739, "width": 236, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang konsultan dan pengembangan SDM khususnya konsultan pengembangan SDM dan tes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 803, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 92, "width": 236, "height": 374, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "psikologi. PT XYZ berdiri pada tahun 2021 yang saat ini beroperasi dalam pelaksanaan tes psikologi (kesehatan rohani) SIM (Surat Izin Mengendara) pada salah satu Polda di Indonesia sebagai pelaksana pelayanan tes kesehatan rohani untuk menjadi persyaratan dalam penerbitan SIM Baru, Perpanjangan, Peningkatan, Hilang dan Rusak. Berdasarkan observasi di lapangan perkembangan teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi pada PT XYZ kurang berjalan dengan baik, masih terjadi penumpukkan pemohon tes psikologi sim di outlet serta tidak adanya dokumentasi teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang bisa di jadikan sebagai acuan untuk melakukan pengembangan teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi. Sehingga PT XYZ saat ini menghadapi permasalahan di sebabkan beberapa hal seperti tidak tertatanya teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi apa saja yang sudah ada, baik yang sedang dikembangkan dan digunakan serta tidak adanya dokumentasi terhadap aplikasi maupun infrastruktur teknologi serta proses bisnis untuk dilakukan analisa penumpukkan antrian di outlet . Sehingga menyulitkan dari sisi pengembangan baik dari infrastruktur ataupun aplikasi dan membuat tujuan visi dan misi dari perusahaan sedikit terhambat. Oleh sebab itu maka di perlukan sebuah template atau framework untuk menata semua teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang terdapat di PT XYZ sebagai masterplan atau acuan untuk melakukan pengembangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 466, "width": 236, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehubungan dengan di butuhkan pengembangan teknologi dan sistem informasi yang lebih baik untuk mencapai tujuan untuk memiliki teknologi dan aplikasi sistem informasi yang selaras dengan fungsi bisnis perusahaan. Oleh karena itu maka di usulkan enterprise architecture menggunakan kerangka kerja TOGAF ADM untuk mendukung pengembangan Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi pada PT XYZ. TOGAF ADM yang di usulkan untuk merancang enterprise architecture sehingga dapat menghasilkan Blueprint sebagai panduan atau masterplan teknologi pada PT XYZ yang mencakup ruang lingkup arsitektur bisnis, arsitektur data, arsitektur aplikasi, dan arsitektur teknologi sebagai desain arsitektur perusahaan. Dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja TOGAF yang selain meberikan metode yang detail juga flexible dan bersifat open source .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 698, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. M ETODOLOGI P ENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 715, "width": 236, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan flowchart penelitian diperlihatkan pada Gambar 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 364, "top": 310, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 346, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Planning (Perencanaan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 371, "width": 236, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan perencanaan dalam penelitian sangatlah penting, jika tidak direncanakan dengan baik maka pada saat proses penelitian akan tidak ter-arah, maka diperlukan perencanaan yang lebih baik lagi. Dari perencanaan ini penulis berangkat dimulai dari menemukan masalah hingga mengarah ke analisis. Adapun cara melakukan perancanaan pada tahap ini adalah dengan menemukan semua kebutuhan untuk melakukan penelitian ini sehingga memudahkan dalam melakukan pengerjaan perancangan enterprise architecture atau bisa dikatakan system request pada bagian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik observasi dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung ke lapangan. Begitu melakukan studi literatur terhadap penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya dan membuat schedule penelitian serta peralatan yang di gunakan hingga penelitian ini selesai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 590, "width": 36, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 602, "width": 237, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahapan ini penulis mulai melakukan analisis pada objek penelitian dilapangan dimulai dengan mempelajari kebutuhan yang ditemukan. Adapun teknik yang dilakukan pada tahapan ini adalah dengan Requirement Gathering (pengumpulan kebutuhan) dan menggambar Business Process Modeling menggunakan metode BPMN ( Business Process Modeling Notation )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 710, "width": 38, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 723, "width": 236, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap design ini penulis mulai melakukan perancangan enterprise architecture sesuai framework enterprise architecture yang telah dipilih yaitu menggunakan TOGAF ADM. Bagian ini penulis akan mengikuti tahapan framework TOGAF ADM hingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 803, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 92, "width": 236, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyelesaian rancangan. Setelah tahap analisa dan pengumpulan data sudah lengkap maka di lanjutkan tahap design enterprise architecture dalam tahap/fase penyelesaiannya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 141, "width": 234, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Tahap Memodelkan Arsitektur Visi Pada tahap ini peneliti melakukan permodelan arsitktur fungsi bisnis menggunakan value chain, pada tahap ini akan di bagi menjadi 2 (dua) yaitu aktivitas utama dan aktivitas pendukung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 218, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tahap Memodelkan Arsitektur Bisnis Pada tahap ini memodelkan arsitektur bisnis peneliti menggunakan aplikasi Enterprise Architect , selama memodelkan proses bisnis dilakukan validasi dan analisa waktu proses serta resrouces dalam memaksimalkan aktivitas fungsi bisnis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 307, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Tahap Memodelkan Arsitektur Sistem Informasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 332, "width": 234, "height": 195, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap ini peneliti akan memodelkan arsitektur sistem informasi kedalam 2 bagian yaitu arsitektur data dan arsitektur aplikasi. Pada arsitektur data yang di rincikan dalam tabel yang berisikan entity data kemudian tipe data yang digunakan. Tahap memodelkan arsitektur data akan di gambar dalam sebuah relasi antar tabel yang di gambar dalam sebuah ERD. Untuk arsitektur aplikasi akan di modelkan diagram menggunakan use case dan class digaram . 4. Tahap Memodelkan Arsitektur Teknologi Pada tahap memodelkan arsitektur teknologi peneliti menggunakan aplikasi online yaitu draw.io dalam menggambarkan model arsitektur teknologi saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 42, "top": 553, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 236, "height": 96, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagian terakhir ini merupakan bagian dari impelementasi atau penerapan hasil rancangan ke perusahaan, tetapi bagian ini penulis hanya menampilkan output berupa knowledge dan blueprint dari hasil rancangan yang dapat dibahas atau didiskusikan lebih lanjut. Dari hasil ini maka dapat menjadi masterplan perusahaan dalam melakukan pengembangan teknologi dan sistem informasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 667, "width": 236, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melalui metode penelitian ini yang nantinya akan di bahas secara terperinci bagaimana merancang sebuah arsitektur enterprise yang mengikuti dari kerangka pemikiran TOGAF ADM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 722, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. H ASIL DAN P EMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 739, "width": 236, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap tahap analisa dilakukan untuk merancang Blueprint Enterprise Architecture dari PT XYZ. Sesuai dari tujuan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 92, "width": 236, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merancang EA pada PT XYZ, mengetahui aplikasi yang selaras dengan visi dan misi, mengatur manajemen data yang baik dan merumuskan proses perusahaan yang terorganizir serta mempercepat waktu proses dan resources yang digunakan tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 176, "width": 125, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.1) Preliminary Phase", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 317, "top": 194, "width": 224, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phase ini diawali dengan mendefinisikan Tim EA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 206, "width": 228, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Tabel 1) Tabel 1. Pendefinisian Tim Enterprise Architecture Role Stakeholder S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 265, "width": 222, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Membangun Visi Arsitektur A, C, I C C C, I R, I - - Membangun Bisnis Arsitektur A, C, I C C C, I R, I C C", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 326, "width": 236, "height": 277, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada struktur organisasi, Direktur (S1) berada di puncak hierarki, memimpin keseluruhan operasional dan pengambilan keputusan strategis. Di bawah Direktur, terdapat berbagai departemen yang masing-masing dipimpin oleh manajer atau kepala departemen. Departemen Keuangan (S2) bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan keuangan perusahaan, sementara HRD (S3) mengurus sumber daya manusia dan kebijakan terkait karyawan. Manajer IT (S4) mengawasi infrastruktur teknologi informasi, memastikan semua sistem berjalan dengan baik. Enterprise Architect (S5) berperan dalam merancang arsitektur perusahaan, menciptakan integrasi yang efisien antara berbagai sistem dan proses. Operator (S6) menjalankan tugas operasional sehari-hari, memastikan kelancaran proses bisnis. Terakhir, Pemohon (S7) merupakan individu atau unit yang mengajukan permintaan atau kebutuhan tertentu, yang kemudian diproses oleh departemen terkait. Struktur ini memastikan setiap fungsi bisnis memiliki peran dan tanggung jawab yang jelas, mendukung operasional perusahaan yang efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 603, "width": 236, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran setiap stakeholder yang terlibat didalam tim enterprise architecture , berikut ini penjelasannya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 628, "width": 233, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Responsible (R), orang yang akan melakukan pekerjaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 655, "width": 215, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Accountable (A), sebagai penanggung jawab", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 669, "width": 233, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Consulted (C), sebagai sumber informasi tentang pekerjaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 696, "width": 194, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Informed (I), pemberi informasi tentang kemajuan pekerjaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 309, "top": 735, "width": 186, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tools untuk membangun model enterprise architecture sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 760, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Business Processing Modeling Notation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 772, "width": 39, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( BPMN )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 803, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 92, "width": 166, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Unified Modeling Language ( UML )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 61, "top": 130, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Architecture Vision Phase", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 112, "top": 283, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Value Chain PT XYZ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 319, "width": 236, "height": 253, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 3, arsitektur visi dimodelkan dan dibagi menjadi dua yaitu aktivitas utama dan aktivitas pendukung. Aktivitas utama meliputi mengelola dan melaksanakan tes psikologi SIM, mengoordinasikan setiap pekerjaan di lapangan, mengelola dan mendistribusikan perlengkapan, serta mengelola keluhan pelayanan. Aktivitas utama di perusahaan ini juga lebih menekankan pada proses bisnis dalam pelayanan tes psikologi SIM dan administrasi keuangan agar selalu tepat di setiap outlet. Pelayanan psikologi SIM meliputi registrasi, pelaksanaan tes, pembayaran tes, dan penyetoran pembayaran ke kantor. Aktivitas utama lainnya termasuk pengelolaan logistik persediaan alat tes dari kantor ke outlet, serta koordinasi pekerjaan di lapangan. Selain aktifitas utama, PT. XYZ juga mempunyai aktifitas pendukung, antara lain mengelola sumber daya keuangan, mengelola teknologi informasi, mengembangkan dan mengelola human capital , dan mengelola hubungan kerjasama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 584, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Business Architecture Phase", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 602, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Proses Bisnis Perekrutmen Pegawai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 614, "width": 236, "height": 145, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekrutmen di PT XYZ dilakukan saat perusahaan membutuhkan karyawan baru untuk mengisi posisi yang kosong. Proses perekrutan di perusahaan ini hampir sama dengan perusahaan lainnya, dimulai dengan pengumuman rekrutmen di media sosial. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengumpulan berkas lamaran, konfirmasi pemanggilan untuk datang ke kantor, dan kemudian wawancara. Jika calon karyawan berhasil melalui tahap wawancara, mereka akan dipanggil untuk mulai bekerja. Setelah itu, data mereka akan diarsipkan oleh bagian HRD (Gambar 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 203, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Proses Bisnis Rekrutmen Pegawai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 239, "width": 208, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Proses Bisnis Absensi Pegawai Proses absensi petugas sudah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 265, "width": 236, "height": 84, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menggunakan aplikasi, apabila petugas sudah datang sebelum melaksanakan pelayanan maka petugas melakukan absen melalui aplikasi. Kemudian pegawai HRD melakukan rekap absensi harian petugas yang akan di laporkan ke Manager HRD setiap bulan karena absensi berpengaruh ke penggajian petugas (Gambar 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 355, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Proses Bisnis Absensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 379, "width": 236, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Proses Bisnis Pelayanan Psikologi SIM Pelayanan tes psikologi sim merupakan proses utama yang di jalankan di outlet berada di pusat pelayanan penerbitan sim yang dilaksanakan oleh petugas operator untuk melakukan tes psikologi kepada pemohon. Penyetoran uang pembayaran tes psikologi sim yang dilakukan oleh pemohon di petugas di outlet. Setelah selesai pelayanan petugas melakukan penyetoran dan mengkonfirmasi jumlah setoran yang telah di transfer (Gambar 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 621, "width": 191, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Proses Bisnis Penyetoran Uang Pembayaran dari Petugas ke Kantor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 661, "width": 236, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Proses Bisnis Usulan Rekrutmen Pegawai Proses rekrutmen pegawai usulan ini di harapkan dapat membantu tugas dari HRD dalam melakukan penerimaan pegawai baru sehingga lebih efektif menyesuaikan penerimaan pegawai baru dengan kebutuhan perusahaan (Gambar 8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 803, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 207, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Proses Bisnis Usulan Rekrutmen Pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 230, "width": 223, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Proses Bisnis Usulan Pelayanan Tes Psikologi SIM", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 256, "width": 236, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pelayanan tes psikologi usulan ini di harapkan dapat mempercepat proses pelayanan di petugas dan meringan pekerjaan petugas di outlet sehingga dengan adanya proses bisnis usulan ini dapat membuat lebih efektif dan efisien. Dimana pemohon dapat melakukan tes secara mandiri dan online serta memilih metode pembayaran sesuai yang di inginkan (Gambar 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 473, "width": 174, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Proses Bisnis Usulan Pelayanan Tes Psikologi SIM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 506, "width": 185, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Information System Architecture Phase", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 538, "width": 236, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada fase ini lebih menekannkan pada bagaimana arsitektur sistem informasi dikembangkan. Requirement Management pada fase information system architecture di tinjau dari 2 (dua) aspek, yaitu arstiektur aplikasi dan arsitektur data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 612, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Arsitektur Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 625, "width": 236, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arsitektur Data PT XYZ dimodelkan dalam bentuk relasi, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 10. Model ini menggambarkan bagaimana data-data utama perusahaan saling berinteraksi dan berhubungan satu sama lain. Dalam arsitektur ini, terdapat berbagai entitas data yang diidentifikasi sebagai komponen kunci, seperti data karyawan, data pelanggan, data transaksi, dan data inventaris.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 722, "width": 236, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap entitas memiliki atribut khusus yang mendetail, serta relasi yang menjelaskan bagaimana entitas-entitas tersebut terhubung. Sebagai contoh, data karyawan mencakup atribut seperti nama, posisi, dan departemen, sementara data transaksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 92, "width": 236, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mencakup atribut seperti tanggal transaksi, jumlah, dan produk yang terlibat. Relasi antar entitas ini memfasilitasi aliran informasi yang efisien dan memastikan integritas data dalam sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 140, "width": 236, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain itu, model relasi ini juga membantu dalam mengidentifikasi potensi redundansi data dan area yang memerlukan optimalisasi lebih lanjut. Dengan memiliki gambaran yang jelas tentang bagaimana data saling terhubung, PT XYZ dapat meningkatkan efisiensi operasional, mendukung pengambilan keputusan yang lebih baik, dan meningkatkan responsivitas terhadap kebutuhan bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 477, "width": 165, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. Arsitektur Data PT XYZ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 515, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Arsitektur Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 528, "width": 236, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arsitktur Aplikasi dimodelkan dalam bentuk class diagram (Gambar 11)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 720, "width": 202, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 11. Class Diagram Aplikasi Psikologi SIM (Struktur Program)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 210, "top": 43, "width": 308, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, 2024, 15 -21 ISSN: 2460-1799 P-ISSN: 1432-602743", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 803, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 21, "top": 92, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.2) Technology Architecture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 110, "width": 236, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemetaan kondisi arsitektur teknologi saat ini diperlukan untuk mehat bagaimana kondisi arsitektur teknologi dan perangkat teknologi saat ini yang diguakan apakah sudah teknologi saat ini sudah memadai atau belum. Berikut merupakan hasil analisis arsitektur teknologi saat ini di PT XYZ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 201, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Platform Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 236, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini penjelasan platform aplikasi sebagai infrastruktur teknologi yang sedang digunakan (Gambar 12).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 434, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Platform Aplikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 458, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Infrastruktur Topology", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 472, "width": 237, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini akan digambarkan bagaimana kondisi topology saat ini yang mendukung berjalannya fungsi bisnis dalam penggunaan perangkat teknologi untuk mengakses sistem aplikasi yang saat ini berjalan (Gambar 13).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 673, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13. Infrastruktur Topology", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 696, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opportunities and Solution", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 727, "width": 236, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada fase ini membahas peluang dan solusi yang berada dalam perusahaan yang di modelkan dalam bentuk tabulasi (Tabel 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 92, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Tabulasi Gap Sistem Informasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 109, "width": 195, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aplikasi Modul Analisis Aplikasi Psikologi SIM Modul Outlet Modul Operator Modul Absensi Modul Pemohon Modul Pembayaran Modul Soal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 168, "width": 179, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Add Modul Registrasi Mandiri Add Modul Tes Psikologi Mandiri Add Aplikasi Rekruitmen Modul Membuat Akun Add Modul Mengisi Data Diri Add Modul Mengunggah Dokumen Persyaratan Add", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 277, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. K ESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 294, "width": 236, "height": 337, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggunaan framework TOGAF dengan metodologi TOGAF ADM dalam merancang enterprise architecture PT XYZ menghasilkan dokumentasi blueprint yang dapat dijadikan masterplan perusahaan. Blueprint tersebut mencakup arsitektur bisnis dengan tujuh proses bisnis utama dan dua usulan baru, arsitektur data dengan enam entitas dan penambahan lima entitas baru serta perbaikan konsep diagram ERD, arsitektur aplikasi dengan dua use case dan satu class diagram, serta arsitektur teknologi dengan platform aplikasi dan topologi. Penggunaan framework TOGAF terbukti membantu merancang enterprise architecture yang harmonis dengan fungsi bisnis perusahaan. Arsitektur bisnis yang diusulkan mempercepat proses HRD dan pelayanan tes psikologi SIM, membuat proses rekrutmen lebih efisien dan mengurangi waktu pelayanan tes psikologi dari maksimal 1 jam 2 menit menjadi maksimal 19 menit. Selain itu, pemodelan aplikasi menggunakan UML seperti ERD, use case, dan class diagram telah dilakukan, dengan usulan pengembangan aplikasi rekrutmen pegawai baru dan modul tes mandiri. Pendataan perangkat teknologi di PT XYZ mencatat adanya 1 unit server, 27 unit laptop, 1 unit komputer desktop, 40 unit printer struk, 54 unit Samsung Tab, dan modem wifi untuk penggunaan petugas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 643, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 669, "width": 236, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dr. Rahma Wahdiniwaty, Dra., M.Si., atas dukungan dan bimbingan penuh yang diberikan sehingga jurnal ini dapat terwujud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 729, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 755, "width": 233, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] A. I. Saputra and R. 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[ { "left": 72, "top": 22, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 22, "width": 206, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-3847 (Print), 2614-350X (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 41, "width": 451, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 8, No. 1, May 2019, pp: 51-56 Accredited rank 3 by DIKTI, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018 DOI: 10.30994/sjik.v8i1.172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 265, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: http://strada.ac.id/sjik | Email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 512, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 82, "top": 97, "width": 435, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention and its Complications in Bangsal District of Kediri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 206, "top": 144, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Erva Elli Kristanti 1 , Vitaria Wahyu Astuti 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 156, "width": 221, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Medical Surgical Nursing, STIKES RS. Baptis Kediri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 167, "width": 174, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Basic Nursing, STIKES RS. Baptis Kediri Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 201, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received 13 September 2018; Accepted 1 February 2019; Published 22 May 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 227, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 454, "height": 199, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pre-diabetes is the beginning of diabetes. Pre-diabetes is not yet included in diabetes but can become Diabetes Mellitus. Pre-diabetes is characterized by fasting blood sugar levels of 100-125 mg/dl and blood sugar 2 hours after eating 140-199 mg/dl. The pre-diabetes condition can naturally develop diabetes but can be prevented. Therefore, it is very important to know the attitude in preventing pre-diabetes and its complications so that behaviors that lead to healthy life can be achieved. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of pre-diabetes and describe the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention and its complications in Bangsal District of Kediri. The design used in this study was descriptive. The study population was all who were at risk of pre-diabetes in Bangsal District of Kediri. The samples were 30 respondents taken with quota sampling technique according to the inclusion criteria. The research variable was description of the attitude of pre- diabetes prevention in Bangsal District of Kediri. Data analysis was presented in the frequency distribution table. The results showed that the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention and its complications were mostly sufficient as many as 18 respondents (60%) and less than half were good as many as 12 respondents (40%). Based on the results it can be concluded that the attitude of prevention of pre- diabetes and its complications in Bangsal District of Kediri was sufficient so that there was necessary to increase attitudes that lead to increase in health status.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 455, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Attitude, pre-diabetes prevention", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 214, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2019 STIKes Surya Mitra Husada All right reserved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 452, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open-acces article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 594, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 620, "width": 453, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and is characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels exceeding normal followed by disorders of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins because the body's insulin deficiency, both relative and absolute (Darmono, 2007 in Hasdianah, 2012). The most diabetes mellitus in Indonesia is DM type 2 with almost more than 90% of all populations (Diabetes Center and Lipid Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, 2005). DM type 2 can actually be prevented, especially with improvements in lifestyle, activity, diet and treatment. Diabetes begins with metabolic syndrome caused by a disturbance of insulin secretion by the pancreas. Blood sugar levels rise above normal or often referred to as pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes has not yet been categorized as diabetes but carries complications in the incidence of DM (Soewondo & Pramono, 2011). According to the American Diabetes Association (2016) states that pre-diabetes is characterized by fasting blood sugar levels of 100-125 mg/dl and blood sugar 2 hours after eating 140-199 mg/dl. The pre-diabetes condition can naturally develop diabetes but can be prevented (Twigg, et al, 2007). According to the International Diabetes Federation (2000) in the Center for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 24, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention…..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 513, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 453, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diabetes and Lipid (2007) Indonesia's population above the age of 20 by 125 million suffering from diabetes is estimated to enter diabetes conditions around 4.6%. This assumption is expected to continue to increase until 2020 to 8.3 million patients. While according to Eliza & Sofitri (2012) the prevalence of pre-diabetes in Indonesia is estimated at around 300 million Indonesian population has entered pre-diabetes (Elliza & Sofitri, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 453, "height": 173, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pre-diabetes can be experienced by anyone with several risk factors including age more than equal to 25 years with an increase in fasting blood sugar by 1-2 mg per year and blood sugar two hours after eating 5.6-13 mg per year (Twigg, et al ., 2007 and WHO in Wulandari, 2014). The condition of pre-diabetes can increase the risk of atherosclerosis caused by endothelial damage to blood vessels due to increased blood sugar and can increase the risk of diabetes mellitus, heart disease and other macro-vascular diseases (Ciccone, et al, 2014), pre-diabetes also causes hyperinsulinemia which plays a role in increasing re-absorption of uric acid in the proximal renal tubule resulting in hyperuricemia which leads to the condition of Diabetes so prevention efforts must be carried out by checking blood sugar for a maximum of 1 month (Ellyza & Sofitri, 2009). Pre-diabetes does not cause typical symptoms and most are asymptomatic therefore it is important to know its prevention (Evans, P.H., Winder, R., Greaves C.J., & Campbell, 2007). Efforts to improve health behavior through health promotion activities by providing health education are one solution to prevent pre-diabetes (Sovia, Etty Rekawati & Kuntarti, 2013). Through health education it is expected that knowledge will increase where knowledge is one component in the formation of attitudes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Attitude is a mental and nervous state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting direct influence on individual responses to all objects and related situations (Stonea et al, 2005 in Abolghasemi & Sedaghat, 2015). Attitude is not yet an action or activity, but it is a predisposition of action or behavior (Soekidjo Notoatmojo, 2011). The attitude component consists of cognitive components, affective components and cognitive components (Wawan & Dewi, M, 2010 and Evans et al, 2007). Meanwhile, according to Mubarak Iqbal, et al (2007) states that attitude consists of three components, namely the attitude component consists of beliefs or beliefs, ideas and concepts of an object, emotional life or emotional evaluation of an object, and the tendency to act (trend to behave). These three components together can form a total attitude. Whereas the attitude if associated with education can mean a response to the educational material provided. Attitudes are influenced by many factors including personal experience, the influence of others who are considered important, cultural influences, mass media, educational institutions and religious institutions and emotional factors (Mubarak Iqbal, et. Al, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 453, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The design of this study was descriptive to describe the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention and its complications in Bangsal District of Kediri. This research was conducted on 23 April - 23 May 2018 in Bangsal District of Kediri which consisted of 7 RWs with the taking of respondents according to the inclusion criteria through quoata sampling technique and the number of respondents in RW 1, 5 respondents, RW 2 were 5 respondents, RW 3 as many as 5 respondents, RW 4 as many as 5 respondents, RW 5 as many as 5 respondents, RW 6 as many as 5 respondents and RW 7 as many as 5 respondents. Total respondents in the study were 30 who met the inclusion criteria. The research variable was the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention in Bangsal District of Kediri. Data collection is done by giving a questionnaire with a total of 25 questions. The collected data is carried out descriptive analysis test using frequency distribution test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 657, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 681, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Characteristics of Pre-diabetes in Bangsal District of Kediri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 453, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of the study, it was found that respondents in the Bangsal District consisting of 7 RWs had an average age of respondents was 55 years with the youngest age of 34 years and the oldest age was 75 years. The average body weight of respondents was 63.9 kg with the lowest weight 49 kg and the highest is 97 kg. The waist circumference of the respondent was on average 94.6 cm with the smallest waist circumference of 67 cm and the largest waist circumference", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 24, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention…..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 513, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 453, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "was 116. Respondents had an average height of 155.9 cm with a minimum height of 145 cm and a maximum height of 168 cm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 112, "width": 416, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The attitude of pre-diabetes prevention and its complications in Bangsal District of Kediri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 137, "width": 402, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 Attitude of Pre-diabetes Prevention and its Complications in Bangsal District of Kediri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 164, "width": 430, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Attitude Of Prediabetes Prevenstion and Its Complications in Bangsal Variables District of Kediri (n=30) f % − Very good 0 0 − Good 12 40,0 − Sufficient 18 60,0 − Poor 0 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 280, "width": 452, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the table above it can be seen that the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention and its complications was sufficient was as many as 18 respondents (60%) and less than half with good prevention attitude of 12 respondents (40%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 330, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 356, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Characteristics of Pre-diabetes in Bangsal District of Kediri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 381, "width": 453, "height": 262, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Characteristics of respondents in Bangsal District of Kediri based on the average study age of respondents was 55 years with the lowest age of 34 years and the highest age was 75 years. Based on the results of the study, the majority of respondents had entered Pre-diabetes as many as 19 respondents (63.3%). As age increasing, the function of the pancreas decreased physiologically. Decreased pancreatic function could result in less sensitive pancreas to react when insulin in the blood drops. Physiologically the pancreas would provide positive feedback by increasing insulin production when insulin in the blood drops. However, in the pre-diabetes the pancreas did not react so that insulin was not produced sufficiently to normalize blood sugar levels (Smeltzer & Bare, 2001). This was also evidenced by the results of the pre-diabetes survey respondents mostly entering pre- diabetes as many as 19 respondents (83.3%). Researcher assumed that age could affect insulin production because the pancreas had decreased physiologically in insulin secretion. According to WHO in Wulandari (2014) states that every increase in age of more than 25 years will naturally increase blood glucose around 1-2 mg/dl per year and blood glucose after meals around 5.6-13 mg/dl per year. According to the analysis of researcher, the increase in age affects the function of the pancreas in producing insulin so that insulin was not sufficiently produced. Normally insulin acts to maintain blood sugar levels. But if the quantity of insulin decreased in number, blood sugar continues to circulate throughout so that blood sugar levels could not be distributed by the body to organs that needed it, such as the muscles. This happened because the amount of insulin as a mediator of blood sugar channels to the muscles decreased in number. The result of a lack of insulin was an increase in blood sugar levels. This mechanism was also referred to as insulin resistance which meant that insulin sensitivity to blood sugar decreased.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 647, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disease Control and Prevention National Diabetes Statistics Report (2014) and Heikes (2008) are associated with increasing age by increasing blood sugar levels. Pre-diabetes occurs over the age of 20 years and in the age range of less than 44 years to more than 57 years there will be an increase in blood sugar levels both fasting blood sugar and after eating. An increase in blood sugar levels above normal causes a person to fall in pre-diabetes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 710, "width": 452, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondents in Bangsal District of Kediri also had an average waist circumference of 95.6 with a minimum body weight of 49 kg and a maximum body weight of 97 and an average height of 156.9 cm. According to the results of research conducted by Darmayanti, D (2014) states that anthropometry consisting of weight; height is a measurement technique that can be done to detect central obesity. Central obesity is related to blood sugar control disorders and results in insulin resistance. Researchers assume that respondents with obesity conditions have a high risk of entering", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 24, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention…..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 513, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 75, "width": 452, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "pre-diabetes. This opinion is supported by the results of research conducted by Pramono (2011) and Andan, Mulyati, Isworo (2013) which state that there is a positive correlation between the middle level between anthropometry and obesity and central obesity. This is also evidenced by the calculation of the average BMI of respondents in the average body weight and height of respondents had entered the BMI criteria for excess body weight with a score of 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 454, "height": 287, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results also showed that respondents had an average waist circumference of 94.6 cm. According to the results of research conducted by Tandra (2009) waist circumference is one indicator of metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes mellitus. Metabolic syndrome occurs because insulin receptors cannot capture blood sugar and are then stored in the muscle. The impact that occurs when insulin is not sensitive to blood sugar is an increase in blood sugar levels. According to the assumption of the researcher, the difference in waist circumference variance is caused by the pre- diabetes condition; blood sugar levels experience an increase above normal but do not lead to a diagnosis of diabetes. Pre-diabetes can occur where one of the risk factors is waist circumference. So, the waist circumference could not be used as a reference to assess the condition of pre-diabetes. This opinion was confirmed by Heikes (2008) which states that waist circumference is one of the criteria for factors that influence a person to enter pre-diabetes with a waist circumference of more than 98 cm. The results showed an average waist circumference of 94.6 cm is a risk factor that can lead to pre-diabetes if the respondent does not have a good attitude in preventing an increase in waist circumference because it is above the normal value of the average waist circumference of a woman. According to Hartono (2005) and Utaminingsih (2009) in Manungkalit, Kusnanto & Purbosari (2015) waist circumference is one way to measure the distribution of fat in the body. Normal size of waist circumference in Asians (women 80 cm and men 90 cm) if it exceeds the normal value then the risk of developing coronary heart disease due to changes in metabolism, including sensitivity to insulin and increase the production of bad fats in the body and is the main factor triggering the onset of degenerative diseases Diabetes mellitus. According to the assumption of researchers the waist circumference above normal can cause metabolic disorders that can increase blood sugar a level increase above normal as in pre-diabetes but does not directly cause blood sugar levels to rise significantly as in diabetes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 454, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results also showed that the most respondents' blood pressure was normal to pre- hypertension. In theory, blood pressure can affect the increase in blood sugar. Because blood pressure can trigger the onset of metabolic syndrome which results increases in blood sugar. In addition, the result of the study showed that the majority of respondents did not work Pre-diabetes was closely related to lack of physical activity. According to Pramono (2011) physical activity, lacking intermediate to strong correlation with pre-diabetes conditions. The results of other studies conducted by Retno, D (2012) also state that there is a positive relationship between pre-diabetes and physical activity. This is evidenced from the results of the study that the majority of respondents did not work so the researchers assumed that lack of physical activity could affect the lack of movement and this could lead to the occurrence of pre-diabetes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 454, "height": 174, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to the assumption of researchers physical activity is very useful for the use of blood sugar. During physical activity the muscle will contract to cause movement. Contraction of the muscle is the result of the breakdown of sugar stored in the muscle which is then converted into energy. Energy is then needed by the muscles to produce movement. The use of stored sugar will then affect the decrease in blood sugar levels because the use of sugar in the muscles does not require insulin as the mediator. This is also in line with research conducted by Puji, Heru & Agus, S (2007) which states that physical activity can trigger regulation and control of blood sugar levels, because when doing physical activity there will be the use of glucose in the muscles that do not require insulin as a mediator use of glucose into muscle cells so that blood sugar levels decrease. Conversely the lack of physical activity carried out by respondents can have an impact on the increase in blood sugar above normal because blood sugar will be circulated back to the blood so that an increase in blood sugar levels. This is consistent with the pre-diabetes criteria proposed by Heikes (2008) that the risk of pre-diabetes conditions is also influenced by physical activity. So researchers assume that lack of physical activity can increase blood sugar levels and lead to pre-diabetes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 733, "width": 454, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the study showed that the parents or siblings had the most major history but did not have DM children but were included in the pre-diabetes condition. According to the Pre-diabetes Consensus Statement (2008) a history of parents or siblings with Diabetes Mellitus is a factor that could not be changed but not all diabetes changes to DM type 2. Diabetes which occurs due to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 24, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention…..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 513, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "abnormalities in the pancreas will be genetically inherited. The risk of pre-diabetes increases more in the offspring of parents or siblings with Diabetes Mellitus as well as a history of diabetes in pregnancy. Pre-diabetes apart from genetic factors is also caused by non-genetic factors such as diet, lack of physical creativity and this can affect the incidence of pre-diabetes even though the family does not have a history of hereditary DM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 454, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results showed that respondents in the Kediri City Ward had normal blood pressure to pre-hypertension. According to Garber et al (2008) maintaining blood pressure of less than 130-80 mmHg can minimize the progress of pre-diabetes. Respondents in pre-diabetes have normal blood pressure to pre-hypertension. Researchers assume that blood pressure rises from normal can affect the body's metabolism, which results in an increase in blood sugar levels. This opinion is confirmed by the results of a study conducted by Pramono (2011) that the incidence of pre-diabetes can be affected by blood pressure. Increased blood pressure can inhibit the pancreas in producing insulin so that blood sugar levels increase from normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 454, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition, respondents in the pre-diabetes condition in the ward of the Kediri city ward were the most with the lowest level of education at the level of junior high school education. Education is a means to provide information guided to achieve a goal. Through education information messages can be delivered. In general, the lower the education and understanding of health. This is in line with the results of research conducted by Fajrinayanti & Ayubi D (2008) which states that pre-diabetes behavioral factors are influenced by family knowledge, family type, family income and family health care practices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 454, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on this, the researchers assumed that the pre-diabetes condition had not been categorized as diabetes mellitus where chronic insulin resistance had occurred; respondents with BMI above normal could affect the use of glucose in the muscles and increase the risk of complications from pre-diabetes. During the pre-diabetes condition, you can do the activity or exercise, the sugar level will be used by the body as energy so that blood sugar decreases. However, in the condition of a high category of body mass index is not balanced with activity, there will be a significant increase in blood sugar levels. It is also associated with high lipid conditions when overweight can also interfere with insulin sensitivity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 441, "width": 426, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Attitudes of Pre-diabetes Prevention and its complications in Bangsal District of Kediri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 467, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The pre-diabetes prevention attitude and its complications were considered sufficient by respondents with a male gender of 75%, while the attitude assessment was given quite a lot by respondents with a junior high school level (73.3%), while the assessment was sufficient also given a lot of respondents with the most work history is private. Attitude changes relate to the lack of a supporting factor for the emergence of motivation in achieving goals (Yusnita, 2001). Attitude is a response or reaction that is still closed from a stimulus or object (Syafrudin and Yudiha, 2009). A person's attitude is influenced by trust, emotional life, and the tendency to act. Attitudes can be formed after a new stimulus. Stimulus can be information obtained directly or through the media. Information can be easily accepted if it attracts readers' interests as well as the media presented. Before giving the book, the information received by the respondents was very limited so that the attitude was not well formed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 644, "width": 454, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results showed that the attitude of pre-diabetes prevention its complication was sufficient. This would certainly affect the prevention behavior of pre-diabetes because attitude was a component of closed behavior. So that it was hoped that efforts would be made to improve positive attitudes towards pre-diabetes prevention and its complications in the Bangsal District of Kediri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 24, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description the Attitude of Pre-Diabetes Prevention…..", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 151, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 513, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 103, "width": 453, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abolghasemi, & Sedaghat. (2015). The Patient’s Attitude Toward Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a Qualitative study. Relig Health 54:1191–1205 DOI 10.1007/s10943-014-9848-9 J . Diakses tgl 11 Nopember 2018. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs10943-014-9848-9.pdf.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 455, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "American Diabetes Association. (2016). Prediabetes. Diakses di http://www.diabetes.org/are-you-at- risk/prediabetes/belajar tentang prediabeteshttp://www.diabetes.org/newsroom/press-releases/2016/first-of-its- kind-psa-campaign-targets-86-million-american-adults-with-prediabets.html?loc=news_ad-council english _jan2016?referrer=http://www.diabetes.org/?loc=logo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 208, "width": 391, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bare, B., G., & Smeltzer, S., C. (2001). Buku Ajar Keperawatan Medika l Bedah . Jakarta: EGC.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ciccone, M., M., Scicchitano, P., & Camel, M., et al. (2014). Endotelial Function in Pre diabates, Diabetic and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review. Journal Diabetes Metabolism. ISSN: 2155-6156 JDM, an open access journal Volume 5 • Issue 4 • 1000364.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 451, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ellyza, Nasrul, & Sofitri. (2012). Hiperurisemia Pada Pradiabetes. Diakses dalam jurnal Andalas ISSN: 2301- 7406 vol 1 no 2 di akses di http:// jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id tgl 15 Januari 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 453, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evans, P., H., Winder, R., Graves, C., J., & Campbell, J., L. (2007). Development of an Educational ‘Toolkit’ for health professional and their patient with prediabates: The WAKEUP study (Ways of Addresing Knowledge Education and Understanding in Prediabates). Journal compilation © 2007 Diabetes UK.Diabetic Medicine. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02130. diakses pada tgl 27 Januari 2016 di https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51384732.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 316, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasdianah. (2012). Mengenal Diabetes Melitus. Jilid 1 . Nuha Medika: Kediri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 410, "width": 446, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mubarak, & Iqbal, et al. (2009). Ilmu Keperawatan Komunitas Pengantar dan Teori. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 355, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Notoatmodjo, S. (2011). Kesehatan Masyarakat Ilmu dan Seni . Rineka Cipta; Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 453, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pusat Diabetes dan Lipid Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. (2007). Penatalaksanaan Diabetes Melitus Terpadu; FKUI, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 452, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Soewondo, & Pramono, L., A. (2011). Prevalence, Characteristics, and Predictor of Prediabetes in Indonesia. Medical Journal Indonesia Vol 20 No 4 November 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 532, "width": 452, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sovia, Etty, & Kuntarti. (2013). Hubungan Karakteristik Keluarga dan perilaku Perawatan Kesehatan keluarga dengan Kejadian Prediabetes Pada Usia Dewasa Menengah di Kelurahan Cisalah Pasar Kecamatan Cimanggis Kota Depok. Tesis. Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan Program Magister Keperawatan Komunitas. Depok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 453, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Twigg, S., M., Davis, T., & Kamp, M. (2007). Australian Diabetes Society; Australian Diabetes Educators Association. Prediabetes: a position statement from the Australian Diabetes Society and Australian Diabetes Educators Association. The Medical Journal Of Australia, Volume 186. Number 9, Capther 460-465. diakses tgl 27 Januari 2016 di https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6346117.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 636, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wawan, A., & Dewi, M. (2010). Teori dan Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Manusia. Nuha Medika, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wulandari. (2014). Pengaruh Pemberian Brokoli Kukus (Bassica Oleracea) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa Wanita Prediabetes. Skripsi Program Gizi Fakultas Universitas Sumatera Utara. Diakses tgl 19 Juli 2016 dihttp://eprints.undip.ac.id/45193/1/646_Nirmaya_Esthi_Wulandari.pdf.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 65, "width": 450, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Efektivitas Mesin Injection 2500 Ton di Bagian Produksi PT.XYZ Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 112, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Widiyanti Putri 1* , Ade Momon 2 , Wahyudin 3 , Salim Fikri 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 137, "width": 411, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3,4 Program Studi Teknik Industri Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Indonesia * Koresponden email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 175, "width": 447, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima: 10 Oktober 2022 Disetujui: 31 Oktober 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 201, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT. XYZ is an industrial company that focuses on manufacturing automotive components. The company also has many branches in various countries such as in the USA, India, China, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia. The machine used in this company is an injection molding machine. PT. XYZ focuses its company on manufacturing car interior components. Many activities are carried out in it such as the injection process, painting to assembly. Data for the injection engine of 2500 TON experienced downtime or damage for the last three months (January-March 2022) which was 10,055 minutes, where the highest injection engine downtime data occurred in January 2022 of 3685 minutes. It is necessary to evaluate the injection machine to be able to determine the effectiveness of the injection machine using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method by looking for values from availability, performance to quality. Based on the results obtained in these three months, it does not meet international standards at an OEE score of 85%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 353, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: OEE, injection machine, effectiveness, productivity, downtime", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 471, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT. XYZ sebuah perusahaan industri yang memfokuskan bergerak dibidang komponen manufaktur otomotif. Perusahaan ini pun memiliki banyak cabang di berbagai negara seperti di USA, India, China, Jepang, Vietnam, Thailand dan Malaysia. Adapun mesin yang digunakan pada perusahaan ini yaitu mesin injection molding . PT. XYZ memfokuskan perusahaannya untuk membuat komponen interior mobil. Banyak kegiatan yang dilakukan didalamnya seperti proses injection , painting hingga assembly . Data mesin injection 2500 TON mengalami downtime atau kerusakan selama tiga bulan terakhir (Januari-Maret 2022) yaitu sebanyak 10.055 menit, dimana data downtime mesin injection tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari 2022 selama 3685 menit. Hal tersebut perlu dilakukannya sebuah evaluasi terhadap mesin injection untuk dapat mengetahui nilai efektivitas mesin injection menggunakan metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) dengan mencari nilai dari availability , performance hingga quality . Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh pada ketiga bulan tersebut belum memenuhi nilai standar internasional pada OEE sebesar 85%. Kata Kunci: OEE, mesin injection, efektivitas, produktivitas, downtime", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 558, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 470, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu faktor pendukung keberhasilan suatu industri manufaktur dalam menghasilkan barang yang berkualitas tinggi tepat waktu dan dengan biaya rendah adalah proses produksi yang efisien. Selain sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang andal dan fasilitas pendukung lainnya, mesin industri merupakan komponen penting dari sebuah manufaktur. bisnis industri. Akibatnya, mesin industri membutuhkan perawatan khusus yang berkelanjutan untuk memastikan kelancaran operasi industri [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 634, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mesin adalah sebuah alat dalam memproduksi atau membuat sebuah produk. Kinerja suatu mesin dilihat dari perawatan sebuah mesin itu sendiri. Perawatan bertujuan untuk mencegah terjadinya suatu breakdown pada sebuah mesin agar produksi tidak terhambat. Mesin pada umumnya mempunyai umur untuk digunakan yang berbeda beda. Adapun dengan berjalannya waktu, kinerja suatu mesin itu akan menurun dan tentu saja hal itu akan berdampak pada hasil produksi. Kejadian ini sering terjadi pada perusahaan yang bergerak di berbagai bidang khususnya yang menggunakan sebuah mesin untuk produksi. Salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi menggunakan sebuah alat mesin salah satunya yaitu pada PT.XYZ. Kegiatan evaluasi dan pemeliharaan merupakan salah satu langkah atau upaya untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan mengenai fasilitas produksi dan langkah untuk mensupport produktivitas ditingkatkan dilakukan dengan cara pemeliharaan yang intensif dan melakukan perawatan jangka panjang atau bersifat kontinu sehingga mesin dapat digunakan dengan sebaik mungkin. Kesiapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 64, "width": 470, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "suatu mesin perlu diperhatikan karena untuk mengetahui apakah perencanaan suatu produksi sudah sesuai ataukah belum dengan proses jumlah suatu produksi [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 470, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses produksi dapat terhenti karena mesin dan peralatan yang tidak berfungsi. Terhentinya suatu proses di lini produksi sering kali disebabkan oleh masalah pada mesin atau peralatan produksi. Beberapa contoh termasuk kerusakan pada mesin yang tidak ditemukan selama proses produksi, laju produksi yang lebih lambat dari mesin, atau waktu yang lama untuk menyiapkan dan menyesuaikan mesin, yang dapat menyebabkan produk yang salah [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 471, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mesin Injeksi Plastik adalah sebuah alat yang memproduksi suatu produk dari berbagai jenis bahan dari material yang terbuat dari plastik yang dipanaskan melalui berbagai proses didalamnya. Adapun berbagai material bahan plastik seperti GPPS.HIPS, ABS, PS, P.E dan P.P dengan standar temperatur yang berbeda beda. Adapun jika mesin tidak bekerja dengan baik akan menyebabkan defect atau cacat pada produk yang dihasilkan, misalnya terjadinya shink mark, blackdot, burning, flow line dan lain sebagainya. Produk yang baik tidak akan berkurangnya berat ataupun ukuran pada produk yang dihasilkan itu sendiri. Dengan adanya kondisi tersebut, diupayakan perusahaan dapat melakukan tindak pemeliharaan yang baik pada mesin yang digunakan agar tidak terjadinya breakdown mesin yang menyebabkan produk tidak sesuai atau tidak berproduksi terhadap apa yang telah diharapkan semestinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 266, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menerapkan Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) adalah salah satu hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah rendahnya produktivitas produksi yang disebabkan oleh downtime mesin. TPM adalah metode pengelolaan peralatan yang berbeda untuk produktivitas dan pemeliharaan yang lebih baik [4]. Total Productive Maintenance atau TPM merupakan sistem yang digunakan untuk perawatan atau pemeliharaan pada sebuah mesin untuk meningkatkan kualitas hasil produksi [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 329, "width": 471, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "OEE adalah sebuah perhitungan dari alat ukur metrik sebagai ouput TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) yang berguna untuk perawatan atau pemeliharaan suatu mesin [6]. Suatu operasi produksi yang dijalankan dan diukur untuk mencari seberapa efektif dalam sebuah matrix merupakan pengertian dari Overall Equipment Effcetiveness [7]. Overall Equipment Effcetiveness adalah sebuah pengukuran proses produksi yang diterima di seluruh dunia untuk mengetahui losses dalam produksi [8]. Selain itu, perhitungan Ketersediaan, Kinerja, dan Kualitas menghasilkan nilai OEE. [9]. Bekerja secara maksimal dalam mesin merupakan keinginan dari setiap perusahaan, baik dari terbuangnya waktu walaupun tentunya hal tersebut tidaklah mudah. Maka dari itu sangatlah diperlukan dalam mengukur menggunakan Overall Equipment Effcetiveness. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai efektivitas mesin Injection 2500 ton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 468, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 481, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian yang kami lakukan pada PT.XYZ yang sebelumnya melakukan riset atau studi literatur sesuai dengan topik penelitian [10].. Adapun tahapan-tahapan kami dalam penelitian ini dapat dilihat dari diagram alir atau flowchart seperti Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 726, "width": 124, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 . Metode Penelitian Sumber: [11]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 760, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut ini adalah contoh standar benchmark global yang ditetapkan oleh Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 264, "top": 535, "width": 84, "height": 183, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mula i Studi Literatur Survey Pendahuluan Identifikasi Masalah Perumusan Masalah Pengumpulan Data Pengolahan Data Analisis Data Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4197", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 64, "width": 471, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Nilai OEE = 100%, kegiatan produksi sempurna tanpa defect dalam hasil produksi, performance yang tinggi dan ketersediaan mesin yang baik (tidak adanya downtime ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 471, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Nilai OEE = 85% , kegiatan produksi kelas dunia. Nilai ini merupakan goal perusahaan dalam jangka panjang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 114, "width": 470, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Nilai OEE = 60%, kegiatan produksi wajar tetapi perlu adanya tindakan improvement dari perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 127, "width": 470, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Nilai OEE = 40%, kegiatan produksi tidak wajar dengan skor rendah mengharuskan adanya improvement dan menganalisis penyebab terjadinya downtime suatu mesin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 239, "top": 164, "width": 140, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Deskripsi pengukuran Deskripsi Nilai Availability >90% Performance >95% Quality Rate >99% OEE 85% Sumber: Pengolahan data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 259, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Availability", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 272, "width": 453, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Availability adalah keadaan dimana ketersediaan atau suatu mesin beroperasi dengan perbandingan antara operation time dan loading time . Rasio yang menunjukkan berapa banyak waktu yang digunakan untuk tugas-tugas operasi mesin atau peralatan. Waktu produksi dan waktu henti yang efektif terkait erat dengan tingkat ketersediaan. [12]. Berikut merupakan rumus untuk mencari Availability sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 333, "width": 132, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 341, "width": 105, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑥 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 366, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 378, "width": 341, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loading time : waktu tersedia mesin yang direncanakan Operation time : mengurangi waktu pemuatan selama waktu henti mesin [13]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 416, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Performance", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 429, "width": 453, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Performance merupakan perbandingan hasil dari perbandingan jumlah banyaknya yang diproduksi dikalikan dengan lamanya waktu untuk dilakukannya suatu proses produksi ( Operation time ). Adapun rumus yang digunakan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 465, "width": 169, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 × 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 479, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 498, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Quality", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 510, "width": 451, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuantitas produk yang dihasilkan selama suatu proses produksi dibandingkan dengan kualitas produk yang baik. Berikut adalah rumus yang digunakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 546, "width": 162, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 579, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Menghitung OEE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 457, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perhitungan dari Overall Equipment Effcetiveness (OEE) yaitu dari perkalian antara Availability , Performance dan Quality yang telah kita hitung sebelumnya. Adapun rumus yang digunakan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 629, "width": 209, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑂𝐸𝐸 = 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 × 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran menggunakan OEE dapat melakukan sebuah evaluasi dan perawatan yang tepat dan optimal sebagai penunjang meningkatkan sebuah produktivitas mesin. Oleh karena itu pengukuran ini dapat mengetahui manakah area yang perlu untuk ditingkatkan mengenai efektivitas suatu mesin [14]. Berdasarkan penelitian – penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, metode OEE adalah metode yang tepat untuk melakukan pengukuran kinerja mesin injection 2500 TON di PT XYZ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 730, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 742, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengolahan data menggunakan metode OEE sebagai tahapannya. Pengumpulan data penelitian dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu pengumpulan data sekunder yaitu data yang sudah ada, misalnya company", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4198", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 64, "width": 471, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "profile . Sedangkan pengambilan data langsung di lapangan contohnya loading time, downtime, cycle time, output dan defect baik dari sestem maupun dari checksheet perusahaan [15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 451, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Langkah pertama dari perhitungan OEE yaitu menghitung nilai Availability atau ketersediaan dari suatu mesin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 126, "width": 402, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai Availability Bulan Loading Time (Minute) Downtime (Minute) Operation Time (Minute) Availability (%) Januari 15860 3685 12175 77% Februari 17595 3585 14010 80% Maret 11855 2785 9070 77% Sumber: Pengolahan data (2022) 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑥 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 259, "width": 152, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 12175 15860 𝑥 100% = 77%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 284, "width": 312, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan mencari nilai dari Performance", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 296, "width": 452, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Efisiensi kinerja adalah rasio waktu yang tersedia untuk melakukan proses produksi dengan jumlah yang diproses dikalikan dengan waktu siklus yang ideal [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 334, "width": 402, "height": 169, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Performance Bulan Output (pcs) Cycle Time (Minute) Operation Time (Minute) Performace (%) Januari 9950 1.25 12470 100% Februari 11440 1.25 14935 96% Maret 7940 1.25 10345 96% Sumber: Pengolahan data (2022) 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 × 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑂𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 9960 × 1.25 12470 × 100% = 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 321, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan mencari nilai dari Quality Rasio", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 528, "width": 363, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Nilai Quality Rasio Bulan Output (pcs) Defect (pcs) Quality (%) Januari 9950 3 100% Februari 11440 11 100% Maret 7940 5 100% Sumber: Pengolahan data (2022) 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝐷𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑥 100% 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 10269 − 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 669, "width": 112, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10269 𝑥 100% = 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 692, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan akhir untuk mencari nilai dari OEE", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 710, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑂𝐸𝐸 = 𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 × 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 × 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 728, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑂𝐸𝐸 = 79% × 100% × 100% = 79%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 746, "width": 377, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehingga hasil rekapitulasi perhitungan bulan Januari – Maret 2022 sebagai Tabel 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 63, "width": 284, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Data hasil rekapitulasi nilai OEE bulan Januari – Maret 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 75, "width": 362, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulan Availability (%) Performance (%) Rate of Quality (%) OEE (%) Januari 79% 100% 100% 79% Februari 85% 96% 100% 81% Maret 77% 96% 100% 74% Sumber: Pengolahan data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 182, "width": 471, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi menggunakan sebuah alat mesin salah satunya yaitu pada PT.XYZ. Kegiatan evaluasi dan pemeliharaan merupakan salah satu langkah atau upaya untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan mengenai fasilitas produksi dan langkah untuk mensupport produktivitas ditingkatkan dilakukan dengan cara pemeliharaan yang intensif dan melakukan perawatan jangka panjang atau bersifat kontinu sehingga mesin dapat digunakan dengan sebaik mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan nilai OEE diperoleh pada bulan Januari sebesar 79%, Februari sebesar 81% dan Maret sebesar 74%. Namun pada ketiga bulan tersebut belum memenuhi nilai standar internasional pada OEE sebesar 85%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 296, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 . Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 310, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang kami lakukan terdapat saran dalam proses produksi pada waktu operasi lebih dipersempit dan hasil produksi bisa lebih ditingkatkan agar mendapatkan nilai efektivitas pada OEE yang cukup baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 348, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Target perusahaan perlu diketahui oleh semua pekerja agar mengetahui apa yang ingin dicapai oleh perusahaan agar membuat pekerja bergerak lebih cepat, ritme kerja lebih teratur dan belajar lebih bertanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 386, "width": 471, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlunya pemahaman atau edukasi kepada pekerja betapa pentingnya tindakan pemeliharaan agar produksi berjalan dengan optimal tanpa adanya masalah pada suatu mesin dan perlunya bersinergi tiap departemen, baik dari departemen produksi dengan departemen maintenance agar tidak terjadinya suatu kesalahan informasi pada proses produksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 449, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 471, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] D. Cahyadi, I. Rahmita, Y. Yusuf, N. Diterima, and N. Direvisi, “Analisis Perhitungan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Pada Mesin Rolling Stand 3 (Section Mill) Untuk Meningkatkan Efektivitas Mesin Di Pt. Krakatau Wajatama Informasi Artikel Abstrak,” J. Tek. Mesin Untirta , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 82–86, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jwl.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] E. Tammya and D. Herwanto, “Analisis Efektivitas Mesin Debarker Dengan Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Di PT. XYZ Kuningan, Jawa Barat,” J. Sains, Teknol. dan Ind. , vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 20–27, 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 548, "width": 473, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] O. F. Christi and E. Yuliawati, “Peningkatan Efektivitas Mesin Tmc Segmen Cbe 1160 Melalui Analisis Overall Equipment Effectiveness (Oee) (Studi Kasus : Pt. E-T-a Indonesia),” J. SENOPATI Sustain. Ergon. Optim. Appl. Ind. Eng. , vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 64–75, 2020, doi: 10.31284/j.senopati.2020.v1i2.527.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 599, "width": 470, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] M. Musyafa’ah and A. Sofiana, “Analysis of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Application Using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and Six Big Losses on Disamatic Machine PT. XYZ,” Opsi , vol. 15, no. 1, p. 56, 2022, doi: 10.31315/opsi.v15i1.6630.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 637, "width": 470, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] V. Indriawanti and M. Bernik, “Analisis Penerapan Total Productive Maintanance (TPM) dengan Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) pada Mesin Printing,” J. Tek. Ind. , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 42–52, 2020, doi: 10.25105/jti.v10i1.8388.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 675, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[6] A. G. Ramadhani, D. Z. Azizah, F. Nugraha, and M. Fauzi, “Analisa Penerapan TPM (Total Productive Maintenance) Dan OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) Pada Mesin Auto Cutting Di PT XYZ,” J. Ilm. Tek. dan Manaj. Ind. , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 59–69, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[7] A. Wahid, “Penerapan Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Produksi Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Pada Proses Produksi Botol (PT. XY Pandaan – Pasuruan),” J. Teknol. Dan Manaj. Ind. , vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 12–16, 2020, doi: 10.36040/jtmi.v6i1.2624.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 36, "width": 347, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume VII, No.4, Oktober 2022 Hal 4195 - 4200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 799, "width": 16, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 85, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2528-3561 e-ISSN : 2541-1934", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 64, "width": 471, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[8] J. B. Tambang, M. Weri, D. Yulhendra, D. T. Pertambangan, F. Teknik, and U. N. Padang, “Analisis Efektivitas Alat Gali-Muat Menggunakan Metoda Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Overburden di Pit Central PT Saptaindra Sejati Site Adaro Mining Operation,” J. Bina Tambang , vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 182–189, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 112, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[9] J. Adhiwikarta, E. Haryanto, and S. Hermawan, “Analisis Kinerja Mesin CNC Wire Cutfanuc Robocutα C400ib Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Pada PT. XYZ,” J. Tek. Ind. SISPROTEK UNIVAL , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32–42, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 150, "width": 470, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[10] M. A. Pradaka and J. Aidil SZS, “Analisis Total Productive Maintenance Menggunakan Metode OEE dan FMEA pada Pabrik Phosporic Acid PT Petrokimia Gresik,” J. Tek. Ind. , vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 280–289, 2021, doi: 10.25105/jti.v11i3.13087.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[11] S. Fikri and A. E. Nugraha, “Usulan Perancangan Alat Bantu Perpindahan Barang yang Ergonomis dari Stasiun Kerja Mesin Shearing ke Mesin Bending di PT . XYZ,” J. Serambi Eng. , vol. VII, no. 4, pp. 3933–3940, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 226, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[12] J. Hardono, “Analisa Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) Menggunakan Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Pada Mesin CNC Milling,” J. Tek. , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 105–115, 2020, doi: 10.31000/jt.v9i2.3689.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 263, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[13] K. Hafiz and E. Martianis, “Analisis Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) pada Mesin Caterpillar Type 3512B,” SINTEK J. J. Ilm. Tek. Mesin , vol. 13, no. 2, p. 87, 2019, doi: 10.24853/sintek.13.2.87-96.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[14] H. Kartika and C. S. Bakti, “Analisa Produktivitas Sistem Perawatan Mesin Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) di PT.YMN,” J. Ilmu Tek. dan Komput. , vol. 3, no. 1, p. 31, 2019, doi: 10.22441/jitkom.2020.v3.i1.004.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 471, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[15] Sibuea, Hotman Pardamean. \"Implementasi Total Productive Maintenance Dengan Metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) Pada PT Mechmar Jaya Industri.\" Jurnal Manajemen Rekayasa Dan Inovasi Bisnis, Vol.1, no.1, p.34-45, 2022.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 107, "width": 412, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI MODEL AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (ARIMA) UNTUK PERAMALAN JUMLAH PENUMPANG KERETA API DI PULAU SUMATERA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 149, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah 1 , Dadang Ruhiat 2 , Dini Andiani 3 1,2,3 Program Studi Matematika FMIPA Universitas Bale Bandung email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 207, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 230, "width": 366, "height": 183, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan dan peramalan runtun waktu saat ini sering digunakan di berbagai bidang termasuk di bidang transportasi, baik transportasi darat, laut maupun transportasi udara. Akhir-akhir ini masyarakat banyak menggunakan transportasi darat dengan menggunakan jasa layanan dari PT. Kereta Api Indonesia. Terkait hal tersebut, penelitian ini membahas tentang pemodelan dan peramalan jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia secara khusus untuk wilayah operasi di Pulau Sumatera dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode Box-Jenkins, yaitu model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Pemodelan dan peramalan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera selama 11 (sebelas) tahun terakhir yaitu dari periode Januari 2006 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Model ARIMA terbaik untuk peramalan adalah model yang memenuhi syarat signifikansi parameter, white noise dan memiliki nilai MAPE ( Mean Absolute Percentage Error ) yang terkecil. Hasil analisis menunjukkan model terbaik untuk peramalan jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera adalah model ARIMA (1,1,1) dengan nilai MAPE in sample sebesar 12.28% dan nilai MAPE out of sample untuk kalibrasi model sebesar 5.11%. Dengan demikian model ARIMA (1,1,1) cocok dan layak digunakan untuk peramalan jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 425, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Box-Jenkins , ARIMA, MAPE, Kalibrasi, Peramalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 39, "width": 316, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018 p-ISSN 2541-0660, e-ISSN 2597-7237 © 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 81, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 442, "height": 180, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peramalan pada dasarnya merupakan suatu dugaan atau perkiraan atas kejadian di waktu mendatang. Peramalan merupakan alat bantu yang penting dalam perencanaan yang efektif dan efisien (Makridakis, dkk., 1999: 3). Peramalan sering digunakan pada bidang ekonomi, perencanaan produksi, peramalan penjualan, dan kontrol stok. Meramal juga dapat didasarkan pada keahlian penilaian, yang ada pada gilirannya didasarkan pada data historis dan pengalaman (Makridakis, dkk., 1999: 519). Tingkat keakuratan hasil peramalan dalam pemilihan metode peramalan harus dilakukan dengan teliti agar bisa dipertanggungjawabkan. Salah satu metode peramalan yang sering digunakan adalah runtun waktu ( time series ). Runtun waktu ( time series ) adalah analisis yang mempertimbangkan pengaruh waktu secara beruntun. Data-data yang dikumpulkan berdasarkan urutan waktu seperti, jam, hari, minggu, bulan, kuartal, semester, dan tahun dapat dianalisis menggunakan metode runtun waktu. Data runtun waktu dapat dijadikan dasar dalam pengambilan ketentuan untuk meramalkan kejadian yang terjadi di era yang akan datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) adalah model yang sangat populer dan sering digunakan dalam pemodelan data runtun waktu. Model ARIMA merupakan model peramalan yang menghasilkan ramalan-ramalan berdasarkan sintesis dari pola data secara historis. Dalam membuat peramalan model ARIMA tidak menggunakan variabel independen tetapi menggunakan nilai-nilai sekarang dan nilai-nilai lampau dari variabel dependen untuk menghasilkan peramalan jangka pendek yang akurat. Metode ARIMA sering digunakan untuk peramalan di berbagai bidang, salah satunya bidang transportasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 442, "height": 152, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Transportasi umum yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia salah satunya adalah kereta api. Masyarakat memilih kereta api karena masyarakat membutuhkan transportasi massal dengan waktu tempuh relatif lebih cepat, terhindar dari kemacetan, nyaman, harganya ekonomis, tingkat keselamatan yang cukup tinggi, dan salah satu angkutan jarak jauh yang lebih efektif. Selain itu, kereta api menjadi transportasi alternatif terutama di daerah perkotaan yang sangat padat dengan angkutan perkotaan. Dalam realitanya, tidak jarang permintaan akan angkutan penumpang kereta api jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kapasitas seat yang disediakan, sehingga sering menimbulkan penumpukan penumpang di berbagai stasiun (Sari dkk, 2016: 131). Permasalahan tersebut sering dihadapi seluruh daerah operasi PT. Kereta Api Indonesia khususnya di pulau Sumatera. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara untuk mengatasinya dilakukan peramalan jumlah penumpang kereta api yang akan datang menggunakan model ARIMA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini beberapa penelitian menggunakan metode Box-Jenkins untuk pemodelan data runtun waktu. Indayani (2009), melakukan peramalan jumlah penumpang kereta api menggunakan metode Box-Jenkins. Ruhiat dan Effendi (2018), melakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh faktor musiman pada pemodelan deret waktu untuk peramalan debit sungai dengan metode SARIMA. Efendi (2017), dalam skripsinya melakukan analisis peramalan jumlah penumpang kereta api menggunakan metode SARIMA. Tando, Komalig dan Nainggolan (2016), melakukan prediksi jumlah penumpang kapal laut di pelabuhan laut Manado menggunakan model ARMA. Desvina dan Syahfitra (2016), melakukan prediksi pertumbuhan perdagangan luar negeri provinsi Riau menggunakan metode Box-Jenkins .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 641, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari paparan di atas peneliti termotivasi untuk melakukan studi literatur tentang analisis data runtun waktu menggunakan model ARIMA. Penerapannya dalam bidang transportasi, khususnya jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di pulau Sumatera. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan model ARIMA terbaik yang mampu menirukan dan meramalkan perilaku data historis, meramalkan jumlah penumpang kereta api menggunakan model ARIMA terbaik dan mengetahui tingkat kebaikan model ARIMA terbaik yang diperoleh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 32, "width": 341, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 146 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 146-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 90, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan untuk peramalan jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di pulau Sumatera menggunakan pendekatan metode Box-Jenkins, yaitu model ARIMA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 118, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode ARIMA dengan derajat AR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 118, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ", derajat selisih dan derajat MA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ", maka modelnya ditulis ARIMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 132, "width": 443, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang mempunyai bentuk umum sebagai berikut (William W. S. Wei, 2006):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 169, "width": 224, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( ) (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 38, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 212, "width": 105, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": data pada periode ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 226, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": konstanta model", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 240, "width": 186, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": koefisien parameter moving average", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 165, "top": 255, "width": 178, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": koefisien parameter autoregressive", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 171, "top": 271, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": data pada waktu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 157, "top": 287, "width": 175, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": nilai kesalahan pada waktu ke – t : nilai kesalahan pada saat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan dan peramalan melalui metode ARIMA terdiri atas beberapa tahapan, antara lain: identifikasi model, penaksiran parameter, uji diagnostik dan uji kebaikan model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Identifikasi Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 377, "width": 309, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi model dilakukan dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 390, "width": 297, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Membuat plot data untuk pengecekan pola musiman atau tidak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 404, "width": 441, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Stasioneritas data, untuk melihat data stasioner dalam variansi atau dalam mean. Jika tidak stasioner dalam rata-rata maka dilakukan differencing, sedangkan jika tidak stasioner dalam variansi maka dilakukan transformasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 446, "width": 441, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Plot ACF dan PACF untuk melihat apakah data telah stasioner setelah dilakukan transformasi dan differencing , selain itu melihat plot ACF dan PACF juga dapat menduga model yang memungkinkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Penaksiran Parameter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap selanjutnya yaitu mencari nilai penaksiran dari model yang memungkinkan kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji signifikansi parameter model. Pengujian tersebut dilakukan untuk pemeriksaan bahwa model tersebut signifikan, yang berarti model layak digunakan. Proses penaksiran dan uji signifikansi parameter dapat dilakukan menggunakan software SPSS17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 583, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Uji Diagnostik atau Tahap Verifikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 597, "width": 344, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji diagnostik White noise dan distribusi normal dilakuan melalui uji-uji berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 153, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Autokorelasi pada Nilai Sisa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui apakah autokorelasi dari nilai sisa berbeda dengan nol atau tidak atau bersifat White noise dilakukan melalui uji Ljung-Box dengan hipotesis statistik:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 652, "width": 140, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Residual bersifat white noise )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 218, "top": 667, "width": 169, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Residual tidak bersifat white noise )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan persamaan statistik uji Ljung-Box sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 711, "width": 153, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "∑ ̂", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 709, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 31, "width": 202, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah, Dadang Ruhiat & Dini Andiani • 147", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 71, "width": 150, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimana: : statistika uji Ljung-Box", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 99, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": merupakan autokorelasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 113, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": waktu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 127, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": menyatakan banyaknya sisaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 141, "width": 180, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": banyaknya parameter yang diduga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 155, "width": 439, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria keputusan yaitu apabila p-value maka terima H 0 dan apabila p-value maka tolak H 0 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 181, "width": 200, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Asumsi Residual Berdistribusi Normal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 195, "width": 456, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui residual berdistribusi normal dilakukan dengan uji normalitas residual. Uji nomalitas residual dilakukan dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dengan hipotesis statistik: H 0 : Residual berdistribusi normal. H 1 : Residual tidak berdistribusi normal. dan persamaan statistik uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov adalah sebagai berikut: Nilai |F T – F S | terbesar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 263, "width": 441, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(3) dimana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 291, "width": 133, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": probabilitas komulatif normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 305, "width": 184, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": probabilitas komulatif empiris Kriteria keputusan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) Jika nilai |F T – F S | terbesar < nilai tabel kolmogorov smirnov atau > , maka Ho diterima, Ha ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Jika nilai |F T – F S | terbesar > nilai tabel kolmogorov smirnov atau < , maka Ho ditolak, Ha diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 402, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Uji Kebaikan Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 416, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan model terbaik dilakukan melalui uji kebaikan model yang diperoleh dari nilai sisa. Terdapat beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk uji kebaikan model berdasarkan nilai sisa, salah satunya adalah Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Untuk menghitung MAPE digunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 473, "width": 6, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "∑", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 395, "top": 476, "width": 116, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 493, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 507, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": nilai percentage error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 521, "width": 121, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": banyaknya pengamatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 29, "width": 341, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 148 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 148-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 132, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Identifikasi Model", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 98, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Plot Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan plot data jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 223, "top": 391, "width": 166, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Plot Data Runtun Waktu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 411, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plot data Gambar 1 memperlihatkan bahwa data belum stasioner terhadap variansi dan mean , karena seiring perjalanan waktunya data menunjukkan adanya trend , maka harus di stasionerkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Stasioneritas Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 86, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Transformasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plot data runtun waktu setelah distasionerkan melalui transformasi natural log disajikan pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 120, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 212, "top": 711, "width": 185, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Plot Data Hasil Transformasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 31, "width": 202, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah, Dadang Ruhiat & Dini Andiani • 149", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari plot Gambar 2 terlihat bahwa data masih belum stasioner dalam variansi maupun mean . Hal ini bisa dilihat masih ada unsur trend dalam data sehingga perlu dilakukan transformasi lanjutan melalui differencing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 126, "width": 78, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Differencing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 140, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut merupakan plot data runtun waktu penumpang kereta api yang sudah ditransformasi dan differencing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 364, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 158, "top": 380, "width": 208, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Plot Data Hasil Transformasi dan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 380, "width": 60, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Differencing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 408, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada plot data hasil transformasi dan differencing , diperoleh bahwa data sudah stasioner dan sudah tidak ada unsur trend . Untuk lebih memastikan apakah data sudah stasioner dalam variansi dan mean yaitu dengan melihat plot ACF dan PACF.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Plot ACF dan PACF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plot ACF ( Autocorrelation Function ) dan PACF ( Partial Autocorrelation Function ) akan disajikan pada Gambar 4 dan Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 679, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 159, "top": 689, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Plot ACF Hasil Transformasi dan Differencing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 31, "width": 341, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 150 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 150-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 272, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 285, "width": 274, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Plot PACF Hasil Transformasi dan Differencing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari plot ACF dan PACF hasil seluruh data ditransformasi dan differencing terlihat bahwa data sudah stasioner dalam variansi dan dalam mean , karena pada lag-lag awal telah cut off . Setelah diperoleh data stasioner dalam variansi dan mean langkah selanjutnya yaitu menduga model yang cocok untuk digunakan. Dari analisa data di atas model ARIMA yang akan digunakan yaitu model ARIMA (2,1,1). Walaupun tidak menutup kemungkinan terdapat model ARIMA lain yang terbentuk. Model-model ARIMA yang diduga cocok untuk data runtun waktu dari jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 407, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. ARIMA (2,1,1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 421, "width": 83, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. ARIMA (2,1,0)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 435, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. ARIMA (1,1,1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 449, "width": 83, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. ARIMA (1,1,0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 462, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. ARIMA (0,1,1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 476, "width": 443, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah diperoleh model-model ARIMA yang mungkin, langkah selanjutnya adalah mengestimasikan parameternya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 229, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Estimasi Parameter Model dan Uji Signifikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 443, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memperoleh model sementara, langkah selanjutnya adalah estimasi parameter model sementara dengan bantuan software SPSS 17. Berikut merupakan output estimasi parameter dari software SPSS 17:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 574, "width": 382, "height": 143, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Perbandingan ARIMA Nilai Berdasarkan Model ARIMA (2,1,1) ARIMA (2,1,0) ARIMA (1,1,1) ARIMA (1,1,0) ARIMA (0,1,1) Sig. 0.005 (0.134) 0.006 (0.390) 0.005 (0.149) 0.005 (0.555) 0.05 (0.102) AR (1) Sig. - 0.173 (0.257) - 0.804 (0.000) - 0.222 (0.050) - 0.594 (0.000) - AR (2) Sig. 0.055 (0.675) - 0.352 (0.000) - - - MA (1) Sig. 0.714 (0.000) - 0.670 (0.000) - 0.773 (0.000)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 29, "width": 201, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah, Dadang Ruhiat & Dini Andiani • 151", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 96, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tahap Verifikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 84, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah selanjutnya akan dilakukan tahap verifikasi dengan grafik ACF residual dan PACF residual dan uji kenormalan residual. Resume hasil pengujian disajikan pada tabel berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 118, "width": 397, "height": 89, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Perbandingan Model Berdasarkan Asumsi ARIMA (2,1,1) ARIMA (2,1,0) ARIMA (1,1,1) ARIMA (1,1,0) ARIMA (0,1,1) White Noise Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Tidak terpenuhi Terpenuhi Normalitas Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Terpenuhi Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 217, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Uji Kebaikan Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian kebaikan model dilakukan terhadap semua kemungkinan model yang ada. Resume nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) untuk beberapa model disajikan pada tabel berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 278, "width": 352, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Nilai MAPE ARIMA (2,1,1) ARIMA (2,1,0) ARIMA (1,1,1) ARIMA (1,1,0) ARIMA (0,1,1) MAPE 12.283 12.657 12.277 13.583 12.343", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 331, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 3 terlihat bahwa nilai MAPE dari semua model yaitu antara 10% sampai 20% yang berarti semua model cukup bagus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 136, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Pemilihan Model Terbaik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah selanjutnya melakukan pemilihan model terbaik dari semua kemungkinan model dengan cara melihat ukuran-ukuran standar ketepatan peramalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari semua tabel di atas, model yang terpilih adalah model ARIMA (1,1,1) karena signifikansi pada koefisien AR (1) dan MA (1) tanpa melihat koefisien konstan, terpenuhi dari semua asumsi dan mempunyai nilai MAPE in sample yang paling kecil yaitu sebesar 12.277 atau 12.28%. Dengan demikian terlihat bahwa model ARIMA (1,1,1) merupakan model terbaik untuk data jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 529, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Peramalan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memperoleh model terbaik langkah selanjutnya adalah menentukan peramalan untuk periode ke depan. Dalam pembahasan ini akan diramalkan jumlah penumpang untuk 12 periode ke depan. Hasil peramalannya disajikan pada Tabel 4 yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 30, "width": 341, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 152 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 152-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 71, "width": 258, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Peramalan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 234, "top": 86, "width": 135, "height": 183, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bulan Hasil Peramalan Jan-2017 529 Feb-2017 553 Mar-2017 552 Apr-2017 556 Mai-2017 559 Jun-2017 563 Jul-2017 567 Aug-2017 570 Sep-2017 574 Okt-2017 577 Nov-2017 581 Des-2017 585 Sumber: Hasil Pengolahan Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 283, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 4 dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil analisis menggunakan model ARIMA (1,1,1) mengalami kenaikan setiap bulannya kecuali bulan Maret. Berikut ini plot data setelah dilakukan peramalan 12 periode kedepan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 478, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 494, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Plot Hasil Peramalan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perhitungan peramalan jumlah penumpang kereta api untuk periode selanjutnya dengan menggunakan model ARIMA (1,1,1) dapat dituliskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 591, "width": 96, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Kalibrasi Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 443, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah terakhir dalam analisis runtun waktu adalah melakukan kalibrasi. Kalibrasi pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan data perbandingan hasil peramalan dan data aktual selama 10 bulan. Data perbandingan hasil ramalan dan data asli untuk periode kedepan dapat disajikan dalam Tabel 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 29, "width": 201, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah, Dadang Ruhiat & Dini Andiani • 153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 71, "width": 364, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Perbandingan Hasil Ramalan dan Data Asli untuk 8 Periode Kedepan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 88, "width": 347, "height": 229, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bulan Periode n Aktual 2017 Forecast 2017 | | Januari 133 590 529 0.103 Febuari 134 505 553 0.095 Maret 135 558 552 0.011 April 136 568 556 0.021 Mei 137 588 559 0.049 Juni 138 542 563 0.039 Juli 139 641 567 0.115 Agustus 140 536 570 0.063 September 141 577 574 0.005 Oktober 142 572 577 0.009 Jumlah 0.511 MAPE 5.112 Sumber: Hasil Perhitungan Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 327, "width": 442, "height": 46, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Tabel 5 diperoleh nilai MAPE out of sample 5.11% itu artinya tingkat keakuratan model sebesar 94.89%, maka dapat dikatakan peramalan dengan model ARIMA (1,1,1) cukup baik. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 577, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Analisis Data", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 106, "top": 598, "width": 407, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Plot Hasil Peramalan dan Data Aktual untuk Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api Tahun 2017", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 637, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari grafik Gambar 7 terlihat saling berpotongan di beberapa titik dengan selisih yang tidak terlalu besar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil peramalan menggunakan model ARIMA (1,1,1) dapat melakukan peramalan dengan hasil yang memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 396, "width": 329, "height": 169, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 B an yak p e n u m p an g Tahun 2017 Grafik Kalibrasi Model Aktual Forecast", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 76, "top": 32, "width": 342, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 154 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 154-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 102, "width": 369, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 122, "width": 439, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Model ARIMA terbaik yang mampu menirukan dan meramalkan perilaku data historis berdasarkan uji signifikansi tanpa melihat koefisien konstan, tahap verifikasi dan uji kebaikan model yang telah terpenuhi adalah model ARIMA (1,1,1). Dengan menggunakan bantuan software SPSS 17 diperoleh hasil analisis nilai parameter sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 241, "top": 178, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "; ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 205, "width": 194, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maka diperoleh persamaan sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Model ARIMA (1,1,1) memiliki nilai MAPE in sample 12.28% dan nilai MAPE out of sample (kalibrasi) 5.11%. Dengan demikian nilai MAPE out of sample lebih kecil dari MAPE in sample . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa metode ARIMA (1,1,1) layak digunakan untuk prediksi data runtun waktu dari jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hasil peramalan jumlah penumpang PT. Kereta Api Indonesia di Pulau Sumatera untuk 12 periode ke depan menggunakan metode ARIMA (1,1,1) yaitu bulan Januari 2017 sebanyak 529 penumpang, bulan Februari 2017 mengalami kenaikan sehingga banyaknya penumpang adalah 553, bulan Maret 2017 mengalami penurunan sehingga banyaknya penumpang menjadi 552, bulan April 2017 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2017 diprediksi jumlah penumpang akan naik terus hingga mencapai 585 penumpang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 77, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REKOMENDASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian dan pembahasan dalam studi literatur tentang data runtun waktu menggunakan metode ARIMA, penulis dapat memberikan beberapa saran yang sekiranya layak untuk disampaikan dari hasil penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pemodelan data runtun waktu terhadap data yang sama, yaitu data jumlah penumpang PT KAI di Pulau Sumatera, dapat dicoba dengan menggunakan beberapa model lainnya antara lain SARIMA, ARIMAX, ESTAR, ARCH, GARCH dan SSA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 508, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Proses pengolahan dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini selain dapat digunakan bantuan software SPSS 17, juga dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan beberapa software lainnya, yaitu Minitab, Eviews, SAS dan R.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 116, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Dadang Ruhiat, S.Si, MPSDA, M.Stat dan Dini Andiani, S.Si, M.Pd yang telah mendukung dan membimbing dalam penyelesaian penelitian ini hingga bisa tersusun dalam paper untuk dipublikasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desvina, A.P. dan Syahfitra, M. 2016. Aplikasi Metode Box-Jenkins dalam Memprediksi Pertumbuhan Perdagangan Luar Negeri Provinsi Riau . Jurnal Sains Matematika dan Statistika . Vol 2 No 2, Hal 12-20, Juli 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efendi, S.R. 2017. Analisis Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api dengan Metode SARIMA . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 32, "width": 201, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isop Siti Nurjanah, Dadang Ruhiat & Dini Andiani • 155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dikirim: 26 Juni 2018; Diterima: 17 September 2018; Dipublikasikan: 29 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara sitasi: Nurjanah, I.S., Ruhiat, D., dan Andiani, D. 2018. Implementasi Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) untuk Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Sumatera. Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika . Vol 3 No 2, Hal 145-156, September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indayani, E.F. 2009. Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api dengan Menggunakan Metode Box- Jenkins ( Studi Kasus di PT. Kereta Api ( persero) DAOP VI Yogyakarta ) . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 443, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makridakis, S., Wheelwright, S.C.dan McGee, V.E. 1983. Metode dan Aplikasi Peramalan Jilid 1. Terjemahan oleh Untung Sus Andriyanto dan Abdul Basith 1999. Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: Erlangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ruhiat, D. dan Effendi, A. 2018. Pengaruh Faktor Musiman pada Pemodelan Deret Waktu untuk Peramalan Debit Sungai dengan Metode SARIMA . Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika. Vol 2 No 2, Hal 117-128, Maret 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 443, "height": 69, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, D.P., Darmawan, G. dan Soemartini. 2016. Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api Lodaya Jurusan Bandung-Solo Menggunakan Model Reg-ARIMA dengan Variasi Kalender (Studi Kasus: PT. kereta api Indonesia). Prosiding Seminar Nasional MIPA 2016. Peran Penelitian Ilmu Dasar dalam Menunjang Pembangunan Berkelanjutan : 131-135. Jatinangor, 27-28 Oktober 2016: Departemen Statistika, FMIPA Universitas Padjajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 275, "width": 447, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tando, J., Komalig, H., dan Nainggolan, N. 2016. Prediksi Jumlah Penumpang Kapal Laut di Pelabuhan Laut Manado Menggunakan Model Arma. Jurnal de Cartesian . Vol 5 No 2, Hal 95-99, September 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wei, W.W.S. 2006. Time Series Analysis Univariate and Multivariate Methods, Second Edition. New York: Pearson Education. https://www.bps.go.id/LinkTableDinamis/view/id/815. Diakses Tanggal 30 Desember 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 29, "width": 342, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• 156 Jurnal Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika Vol 3 No 2, Hal 156-156, September 2018", "type": "Page header" } ]

[ { "left": 43, "top": 753, "width": 501, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 493, "top": 765, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "390", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 137, "width": 462, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 190, "width": 418, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurul Istiqomah 1, * Bagus Haryono 2, and Argyo Demartoto 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 207, "width": 330, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Master of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 222, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126, Surakarta, Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 237, "width": 358, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 252, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Sebelas Maret, 57126, Surakarta, Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 267, "width": 271, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding Author: [email protected]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 300, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 297, "width": 83, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 327, "width": 94, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Publication Info: Research Article", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 385, "width": 169, "height": 115, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to cite: Istiqomah, N., Haryono, B., & Demartoto, A. (2020). Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta. Society, 8(2), 390- 402.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 527, "width": 157, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 557, "width": 167, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 629, "width": 162, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is an open-access article.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 682, "width": 154, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "License: Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 327, "width": 309, "height": 376, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition (Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR) are children who must receive assistance and motivation to achieve their rights. In practice in real life, they are temporarily forced to be in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA) as a result of violating the law. It should not make them shunned, but instead, they must be assisted. Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition need enforcement of the fulfillment of their rights. The existence of Sahabat Kapas as a nonprofit non- governmental organization (NGO) located in Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia, provides concerns and solicitudes for Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. This research aims to analyze and describe the forms of social practice based on habitus in Sahabat Kapas organization. This research used a qualitative research method with Bourdieu’s genetic structuralism approach. Informants were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using participant observation techniques in the field, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data were analyzed in three stages, including data reduction, data presentation, and ended with concluding. Data were verified by source triangulation. The results showed that Sahabat Kapas became an alternative to assist Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition conducted in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 703, "width": 309, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development Children (LPKA). The social practices conducted by Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 43, "width": 191, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Society, 8 (2), 390-402, 2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 61, "width": 253, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN: 2338-6932 | E-ISSN: 2597-4874 https://society.fisip.ubb.ac.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "391", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 131, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: June 14, 2020;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 70, "width": 141, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted: August 3, 2020;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published: August 31, 2020;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 55, "width": 309, "height": 144, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Children with Special Condition are following the capital they have and the history of the habitus they conduct. Relational social capital is at stake by assistants with prison officers and how to build relationships with children. Economic capital refers to the efforts made by Sahabat Kapas to get funds to support assistance through entrepreneurship and opening donations. Cultural capital includes the whole intellectual/knowledge gained by assistance through training that is useful to assist children in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 199, "width": 309, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development Children (LPKA). Symbolic capital is manifested in the form of awards from the government for Sahabat Kapas and assistance awards for children in the form of gifts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 258, "width": 57, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 258, "width": 237, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AKKR; Assistance; Children with Special Condition; NGO; Sahabat Kapas; Social Practice; Vulnerable Children", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 325, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 340, "width": 513, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Children are the most precious gift from God for each family. Those who are vulnerable and often become victims of violence perpetrated by parents, the community, and peers, are considered weak figures. The child dependency rate is still high on the family and environment to fulfill their basic rights. According to the Directorate-General of Corrections (DGC) Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, the number of children in the Institute for Special Development Children (Indonesian: Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak or LPKA) is increasing annually, as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 459, "width": 407, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Number of Children in Conflict with the Law (CCL) in Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 485, "width": 211, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Year Number of Cases 2015 2,270 Cases 2016 2,319 Cases 2017 2,446 Cases 2018 2,932 Cases 2019 3,568 Cases", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 581, "width": 484, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2020)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 626, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Article 1 Paragraph 1 of Laws of the Republic Indonesia, Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Laws of the Republic Indonesia Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, “Child is someone who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years old, including children who are still in the womb” ( Republik Indonesia, 2014 ). Whereas according to Article 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), “For the purposes of the present Convention, a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier” ( United Nations, 1989 ). The Convention on the Rights of the Child by the Republic of Indonesia was ratified through", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "392", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Presidential Decree, Number 36 of 1990. “With reference to the provisions of Articles 1, 14, 16, 17, 21, 22 and 29 of this Convention, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia declares that it will apply these articles in conformity with its Constitution” ( Presiden Republik Indonesia, 1990 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 114, "width": 513, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition (Indonesian: Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR) who are in conflict with the law in various cases and forced to undergo sanctions or punishment in correctional institutions/detention centers/LPKA are not suspects. They are victims of violence perpetrated by parents, the community, and peers. Those who are forced to undergo punishment in prison remain children who need attention and assistance. Yayasan Sahabat Kapas (Sahabat Kapas Foundation), or known as Sahabat Kapas, is a legal entity registered in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia based on Ministerial Decree Number AHU-367.AH.10.04 of 2010. The management and assistants of Sahabat Kapas consist of people who are sensitive to the needs of children who are temporarily forced to be in correctional institutions/detention centers/LPKA ( Sahabat Kapas, 2019b ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 278, "width": 513, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Children who are in Surakarta Class I Detention Center, located in Central Java Province, Indonesia, are AKKR who conflict with the law in various cases and forced to undergo sanctions or punishment. Class I Detention Center in Surakarta consists of children from various regions in Central Java Province, Indonesia, such as Karanganyar, Wonogiri, Boyolali, and Surakarta. Cases of children in Surakarta Class I Detention Center have increased from year to year, as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 382, "width": 504, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Number of Children in Conflict with the Law (CCL) in Surakarta Class I Detention", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 397, "width": 211, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Center Year Number of Cases 2017 624 Cases 2018 645 Cases 2019 688 Cases 2020 552 Cases", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 503, "width": 484, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (2020)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 548, "width": 513, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data on cases of children in Surakarta Class I Detention Center is not a small number, it is necessary to have an action taken by Sahabat Kapas in helping to fulfill the rights of the child. Children in detention need help from various parties, both from the government and the private sector. Actions taken by Sahabat Kapas are an act of concern for children in detention centers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 637, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Literature Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 652, "width": 513, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahabat Kapas office is located on Jalan Jambu II No. 36 RT 09 RW 04 Pondok Tohudan, Colomadu, Karanganyar, Central Java Province, Indonesia ( Sahabat Kapas, 2019b ). The service areas of Sahabat Kapas are the ex-residency of Surakarta (Surakarta, Klaten, Wonogiri, Sragen, Boyolali, Sukoharjo, and Karanganyar), which focuses on Wonogiri Detention Center, Surakarta Detention Center, Klaten Correctional, and Kutoarjo Institute for Special Development Children ( Sahabat Kapas, 2019a ). Since August 2009 until today, Sahabat Kapas have assisted 127 boys and 2 girls in Vulnerable and Special Conditions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "393", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Assistance provided by Sahabat Kapas Foundation is a distribution, in which the distribution cannot be interpreted narrowly. In a social context, distribution is the practice of allocating and sharing something usually contested or valuable. The concept of the arena or field according to Bourdieu is a competitive market that has various types of capital, including social, economic, cultural, and symbolic capital that can be used and utilized ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2012, p. 583, as cited in Fatmawati, 2020 ). The concept of Habitus and Field: (Habitus x Capital) + Field = Social Practice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 173, "width": 68, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Habitus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 188, "width": 513, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habitus is mental or cognitive structures ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2014, p. 903 ) with which people relate to the social world. Habitus describes a set of tendencies that encourage social actors or actors to act and react in certain ways. Habitus is a product of history, as a legacy from the past which is influenced by the existing structure. Habitus is a product of history that creates individual and collective actions and accordingly conforms to the patterns evoked by history. Individual habits are obtained through their life experiences and have certain functions in the history of the social world in which they occur. Individual life experiences obtained from historical results are then internalized within and used to feel, understand, realize, and assess the social world. It is through these patterns that individuals produce their actions and also judges them (habitus controls the thoughts and choices of individual actions) ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2003, p. 522 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 352, "width": 513, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A habitus is obtained as a result of long-term work in a position in the social world. Thus, habitus varies depending on where and how someone's position in the world because not everyone has the same habitus. However, people who occupy the same position in the social world tend to have the same habitus. In this sense, habitus can also be a collective phenomenon ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2003, p. 522 ). The existence of various kinds of habitus means that the social world and its structures do not force themselves uniformly on all actors.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 441, "width": 513, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habitus can be lasting and can also change, in the sense that it can be transferred from one arena to another. Although habitus is a legacy of experience or a product of structural internalization, habitus can change according to the arena in which it is located. However, people with improper habitus are often called Bourdieu as hysteresis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 501, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habitus produces, also produced by the social world. On the one hand, habitus is a \"structured structure” meaning, habitus is a structure that compiles the social world. On the other hand, habitus is a “structured structure” meaning, habitus is a structure composed of the social world. In other words, Bourdieu describes habitus as the dialectic of internalizing externalities and externalizing internalities ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2003, p. 523 ). According to Bourdieu, it is a practice that mediates between habitus and the social world. On the one hand, through the practice of habitus created; and on the other hand, the social world was created from the results of practice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 620, "width": 513, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although habitus is an internalized structure that limits thought and choice of action, it does not determine it ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2014, p. 905 ). Habitus only suggested what actors in the social world should think and do. In determining choices, actors use in-depth consideration that is conscious of choices, even though the decision-making process reflects the role of habitus. The concept of habitus Bourdieu has an important role in this research to find out how a Non- Governmental Organization (NGO) assists Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition, what their conditions are before and after getting assistance from Sahabat Kapas. What habits are conducted by assistants of Sahabat Kapas for these children are mainly intending to return the joy and happiness of children.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "394", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 54, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Field", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 69, "width": 513, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bourdieu argued that the field is a social network between objective propositions in a social order that emerged separate from individual consciousness and will ( Ritzer & Goodman, 2012, p. 582 ). The field is intended as a special space within the community, in which there is an effort to fight for resources (capital) and also for the sake of gaining particular access close to the power hierarchy. The field can also be interpreted as a type of competitive open market, where various kinds of capitals, including economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capitals are available.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 173, "width": 513, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Competition happens to get more sources so that the difference between one agent with another. The more resources you have, the higher the structure you have. These differences provide a social hierarchical structure and gain legitimacy as if it were a scientific process. The field in this research is the field of assistance. Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition assistance who are in correctional institutions/detention centers/LPKA, this is due to the limitations of children to access the outside world of detention. The distribution of the arena by Sahabat Kapas in assisting children is a social practice that allows the involvement of various parties.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 307, "width": 64, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Capital", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 322, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Capital is obtained when someone has the right habitus. The exact ownership of habitus and capital provides a greater opportunity to succeed in the field. The position as an actor to succeed in the field is determined by the relative amount and weight of capital owned. These capitals enable actors to control their and other actors’ destiny. According to Bourdieu, there are four classifications of capital, including:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 397, "width": 513, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Social capital, which includes relationships or social networks owned by actors (individuals or groups) related to other parties. This capital is the amount of existing and potential resources. Social capital is also manifested in the form of social relations carried out by individuals in a social environment. The relationship is closely intertwined with the existence of a reliable social network.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 471, "width": 513, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Economic capital refers to the channel of funds or material obtained that can be used for all purposes to be achieved. Agencies compete with each other for economic capital through various investment strategies using the accumulation of economic capital. Discusses habitus about economic capital obtained by Sahabat Kapas to support the assistance of children in detention centers such as donations and the “Onjel” Program (fundraising program as well as the product’s brand managed by Sahabat Kapas). Because with donations and the “Onjel” Program, it will help to support the process of assisting children so that their basic rights can be fulfilled. While this is not based on government or state funds.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 591, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Cultural capital includes all intellectuals that can be produced through formal or non- formal education. This capital is related to the position of someone who is inseparable from power in symbols.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 635, "width": 513, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Symbolic capital includes all forms of prestige, status, authority, and legitimacy ( Bourdieu, 2012, p. 67 ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 680, "width": 513, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Capital owned by Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in correctional institutions/detention centers/LPKA consists of the following capital:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 725, "width": 513, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Social Capital. This capital is owned by each assistant who will carry out rehabilitation of children in detention centers. The assistant knows the training process. This capital is used", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "395", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 55, "width": 492, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "to communicate with prison officials so that permission is given for assistance. Besides, the assistants also establish communication with children, the diverse conditions of children are a challenge for the assistants. Therefore, social capital is important for assistants in carrying out social practices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 114, "width": 513, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Economic Capital. Capital owned by Sahabat Kapas is obtained from entrepreneurship called the “Onjel” Program. From here, income can be obtained to encourage the sustainability assistance of Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. Besides, there are open donation activities carried out through Sahabat Kapas website.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 174, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Cultural Capital. This capital includes all intellectuals produced through education or training. Assistants who do not yet have the stock of knowledge to enter the detention center will be given several training sessions on material following the module. Formal training is opened once a year. Before assisting, a case assessment from a child is held to facilitate the selection of material to be used.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 248, "width": 513, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Symbolic Capital. This capital shows the authority of Sahabat Kapas who has obtained permission from the detention/prison officer in assisting. The assistant has the power to rehabilitate children in the prison. However, it does not limit children to get their rights such as picket in the detention center, meeting family, and so on.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 323, "width": 513, "height": 133, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Capital owned by Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in detention/prisons is social capital and cultural capital. For social capital, children have social capital embeddedness. For those who can adapt to the assistants of Sahabat Kapas, it will be easier to re-integrate with their environment. For children who have a quiet nature and do not want to talk at all tend to be slower to re-integration. For cultural capital, children who get assistance by being given special material following the case experienced will open their way of thinking to be wiser. Knowledge is given by the assistant through individual counseling, group counseling, and large class discussions. They are invited to empathize with the victims and feel it.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 457, "width": 513, "height": 104, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research used Bourdieu’s theory of social practice to find out how social practices are in assisting the Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition conducted by Sahabat Kapas. The practice carried out by Sahabat Kapas in assisting children aims to provide new habits and encourage children to be able to adapt. The child has self-strong capital with the assistance of Sahabat Kapas, through the provision of assisting material which is done once a week. The presence of Sahabat Kapas also provides capital to support the Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 576, "width": 150, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Research Methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 591, "width": 513, "height": 148, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research used a qualitative method with a descriptive technique which is a research that tends to be more in-depth, with the research strategy of a case study. This research focuses on Yayasan Sahabat Kapas and its activities and was conducted in March 2020. Bourdieu stated that social action cannot be merely defined as a product of a series of external rules. The rules are those that arise from the socialization process ( Lee, 2006 ). Informants, who were considered relevant to the criteria and were still actively assisting in Sahabat Kapas, were selected using a purposive sampling technique. This technique was performed by determining the informant, which consists of Director of Sahabat Kapas as a key informant, psychologist staff and administrative staff as the main informants, and volunteers as the supporting informants. It aims to obtain trusted information for accountability in research results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "396", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 148, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data collection techniques in this research were conducted in two ways, which consist of primary and secondary data. Primary data was conducted using informant observation techniques in the field and in-depth interviews. Meanwhile, secondary data obtained from literature and documentation studies. The data analysis technique is an interactive analysis that starts with data reduction, data presentation, and ends with concluding ( Miles & Huberman, 2007 ). Data reduction was done by reducing the data as needed in this research concerning the research objectives. Subsequently, a data presentation was made related to social practices in Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. Finally, data verification was carried out through the triangulation of sources, and conclusions were drawn from all data that has been reviewed in the research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 218, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 233, "width": 513, "height": 178, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1. Habitus of Assistance for Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition According to Pierre Bourdieu, habitus is obtained through repeated practice or learning causes it to be pre-conscious ( Mutahir, 2011, p. 58, as cited in Nurdiansyah, 2016, p. 4 ). The process carried out repeatedly applied by the environment of each subject of this research forms a persistent and strong habitus for assistants in Sahabat Kapas by creating all kinds of programs for the achievement of the objectives of assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition ( Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR). The process of recognition or rehabilitation performed by Sahabat Kapas is carried out repeatedly through counseling given by the assistance or psychologist, in which the counseling is done individually or in groups. Individual counseling is performed based on the individual's needs, while group counseling is conducted at a maximum of 13 meetings. Therefore, children understand even at the same time enjoy the way or process conducted by Sahabat Kapas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 412, "width": 513, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The environment around prisons/detention centers and the will within individuals or groups encourage the subjects to become or form an atmosphere of pleasant assistance to fulfill children's rights. In addition to forming comfort, love, and enjoyment of programs conducted, such as play, the environment created between the children and the assistance can shape the children's interest so the children become cheerful and can get rid of their problems in the past.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 501, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2. The Field of Sahabat Kapas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 516, "width": 513, "height": 237, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The field is a social space that refers to the whole social life ( Bourdieu, 2010 ). In the context or scope of Sahabat Kapas as an organization, the field is considered as a place where individuals fight over various forms of capital, from social, economic, cultural, to symbolic capitals. According to Bourdieu, in the field, there is an effort to struggle for resources to achieve or obtain a position in the field ( Mutahir, 2011, p. 54, as cited in Nurdiansyah, 2016, p. 4 ). Fighting the filed produces a dynamic structure without the awareness of the individuals within it. In this case, Sahabat Kapas has the field of an event or program that is held, such as 1) Program for children assistance in detention centers in four locations, which consist of the Wonogiri Detention Center, Surakarta Detention Center, Klaten Correctional, and Kutoarjo Institute for Special Development Children. Regarding the physical field, this assistance is conducted to provide motivation or encouragement for children to remain cheerful in achieving their future goals. 2) “Onjel” Program is aimed at raising funds to increase child assistance and campaigning on children’s issues through creative programs. 3) Reintegration is an activity conducted by Sahabat Kapas to assist children when they are released or post-free. The program is focused on preparing families and the environment to make children remain comfortable, providing better access to education, training, and work opportunities. 4) The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "397", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "promotion of children’s rights is conducted by socialization in Community School (a collaborative activity between Sahabat Kapas, Klaten Institute for Special Development Children, Yayasan Setara, UNICEF, and Agency of Surakarta for Community Empowerment, Women’s Empowerment, Child Protection, and Family Planning) ( Sahabat Kapas, 2015 ) and social media. There are interrelated structures within the field that place individuals in a social position. According to Bourdieu, “habitus underlies the field and the capital owned by each place them into an interconnected structure between its positions” ( Bourdieu, 2012, p. 12 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 174, "width": 219, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.3. The Capital Contention in the Field", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 188, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every program in Sahabat Kapas has the socio-economic structure of diverse groups. An existing program in an organization would require considerable economic capital. Groups that have economic capital are those consisted of workers who fund the needs of activities through open donations. In this case, those who are willing to support the assistance of Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition can give their donations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 263, "width": 513, "height": 133, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besides, the economic capital also obtained through “Onjel” Program, which aims to increase efforts to assist Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in the form of entrepreneurship and campaign on child issues. The profits of the sales from this program are used to support each of the assistance programs of Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition. Another form of economic capital is to prepare the overall tools used for socialization. Economic capital generated from Sahabat Kapas will later be channeled in the form of assisting equipment such as holding training every once a year, purchasing paper for children’s games in detention/prisons, transportation costs for the assistants, and child counseling equipment. So that children get maximum assistance from Sahabat Kapas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 397, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social capital aims to make the social network that occurs between the assistant and the children to be safe and comfortable to returns children’s joy and create new happiness. Sahabat Kapas and their staffs need to build trust in children. Trust is a product of good social capital. The existence of good social capital is marked by the presence of a solid social organization and creates a harmonious life.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 481, "width": 420, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“The biggest encouragement that develops Kapas (Sahabat Kapas) is the smile of children in prison. After we meet them, there must be a sense of addiction wanting to return to their activities again. Therefore, the smile doesn't disappear. The smile represents their happiness and passion. This is what makes us all in Kapas always eager to back and learn with them” (Interview, Dian Sasmita, Founder of Sahabat Kapas, May 15, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 587, "width": 513, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social capital was obtained by the assistants of Sahabat Kapas through the training process. Training is conducted once a year and role play was conducted before entering the detention center. This is done to establish good communication with children in detention centers and officials in detention centers. An assistant who can communicate with children will make it easier for children to reintegrate, be confident, and be ready to return to the community when they are free from detention. The communication created between the child and the assistant of Sahabat Kapas is conducted through several stages, first, the introduction of the child with the assistant, secondly, with catharsis at this stage, the child is invited to tell anything about himself, about what happens inside, and thirdly, children are invited to play together, at this stage one can also capture material delivered by the assistant. This capital needs hard work if the assistant is confronted with a child who tends to be quiet. Quiet children need a special", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "398", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "psychologist to consult with so that the handling of children is appropriate. Adaptable children will find it easier to return cheerful and happy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 84, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cultural capital is channeled through knowledge owned by children’s assistant. It is done during the socialization of children in detention/prison centers. In this case, Yayasan Sahabat Kapas has strong cultural capital. Each assistant has good communication skills with children through individual and group counseling. When communicating, the language used is interesting and following the needs of children, so that they become cheerful again.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 159, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The knowledge possessed by the assistant is channeled to children through individual counseling. Individual counseling is given to each child with special indications following reports from the assistant and prison staff and children's willingness in counseling. Counseling material provided to children following the modules implemented by Sahabat Kapas. Individual counseling is given as long as the child is still in the detention center continuously, while group counseling is only given to children who have been selected or grouped by case. This group counseling cannot be given by just any assistants; only experienced assistants can provide group counseling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 278, "width": 513, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Group counseling consists of at least 5 children and a maximum of 10 children. Group counseling consists of 13 sessions and is further divided into several sub-sessions and stages: the first stage is an introduction; the second stage is the child catharsis rooms, where children can vent feelings, continue to have gender recognition, health, and then establish healthy communication, then a new adjustment stage, and an assimilation stage. The whole material given to children gives different effects on children. Some children tend to be more aggressive, in the sense that children can recover quickly and be able to communicate with assistants more closely. Some children tend to be more introverted and didn’t talk too much.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 398, "width": 513, "height": 133, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This symbolic capital is demonstrated by the existence of power within the assistants of Sahabat Kapas. This capital shows the authority of Sahabat Kapas who has obtained permission from the detention/prison officer in assisting. The assistant has the power to conduct rehabilitation on children in detention. However, it does not limit children to get their rights such as picket in detention centers, meeting family, and so on. This symbolic capital is obtained by Sahabat Kapas through various events or programs held with the enthusiastic reception of the Minister of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. It proves that Sabahat Kapas is a representative institution of the government and community organizations that can participate to fulfill children’s rights in detention/prison centers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 547, "width": 253, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.4. The Practice of Struggle of Sahabat Kapas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 561, "width": 513, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A result of the formulation of habitus, capital, and field in social practice is what ultimately determines whether Sahabat Kapas can get recognition and status from the government. In the field of Sahabat Kapas, the social practices of the founders and staff determine themselves. The assistance given to the children is determined by the children's condition whether they feel safe and comfortable. It is indicated by the big smile on their faces.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 636, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The habitus of children can later be used to measure whether they can be positive again with new norms or even vice versa, they will be negative. Social practices have essential characteristics so that these practices can work properly. A practice occurs because of space and time ( Mutahir, 2011, as cited in Nurdiansyah, 2016 ). The struggle of Sahabat Kapas is not only limited to assisting children in prisons/detention centers but also regular monitoring and supervision to check and know the condition of post-free children. It is done through a reintegration program by focusing on family readiness in accepting the children, facilitating children by providing access to education, training, and employment opportunities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "399", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 88, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are times when in carrying out these practices there is a shift due to the psychological condition of the child. Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition who are in Surakarta Class I Detention Center certainly need assistance following the case experienced. Children with psychic conditions that have improved will receive assistance as well. Conversely, children who are still experiencing pressure, it will be difficult to accept and tend to be more silent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 144, "width": 513, "height": 59, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thus, Sahabat Kapas have their habitus in assisting children in the field of detention/prison centers. It is explained by Finance (1994, p. 4) as cited by Badjuri & Yuwono (2002) in the four program planning indicators of activity, including input, process, output, and outcome, as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 267, "width": 315, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Finance (1994) as cited by Badjuri & Yuwono (2002)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 297, "width": 513, "height": 297, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Input can be seen from what is owned by Sahabat Kapas before conducted a process of assisting children. Sahabat Kapas has a vision, mission, strategic role, and mandate that underlie its establishment as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that specializes in providing services to children, especially those who are vulnerable and in special condition according to the needs of each child. Sahabat Kapas categorizes the types of assistance by using various capitals, such as social, economic, cultural, and symbolic capital. In conducting its activities in the process of obtaining a good output, quality assistance is applied by holding the four capitals. In assisting, Sahabat Kapas provides individual or group counseling services. Counseling is done not only with the material, but also play in groups to make the children feel happy and cheerful again. Motivation is given individually and according to the needs of the children. Besides, there is a reintegration program, where children will be given the provision of knowledge and skills, as well as access to education that had previously been stopped. From the series of processes performed, it will produce the output or the immediate results. The output of the activities conducted by Sahabat Kapas is that the children will experience the previous or new condition. Every socialization material delivered by the assistants becomes knowledge or cultural capital for individual children. Thus, the level of children’s trauma and children’s attitudes become much better than before the assistance. The release of the children is done by preparing the family, as well as supervising the parents so that the children do not experience the same thing. The child grows and develops to be a more confident person and there are no obstacles in socialization with the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 595, "width": 513, "height": 134, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Outcome or the long-term effects of the process of activities performed in research in Sahabat Kapas show that it has been assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition for eleven years. The outcome can be known from the supervision process conducted through parents or even the children come by themselves to Sahabat Kapas to tell stories or just play. Therefore, it can be seen that changes in behavior patterns exhibited by children have returned to the outside world for the sake of a good future. Labeling given by the community is a big obstacle for the children to return to the community. Hence, family readiness to look after children is required. The assistance provided creates character and education, coaching certificates that can be used after being released.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 226, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INPUT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 209, "top": 226, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROCESS OUTPUT OUTCOME", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 195, "top": 252, "width": 211, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Program Planning Indicators", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "400", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 54, "width": 499, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Results of the Assisting Activity Process of Sahabat Kapas to Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 98, "width": 350, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indicators Yayasan Sahabat Kapas Input 1. Vision and Mission, Roles, Strategy, Mandate.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 134, "width": 77, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Assistance:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 149, "width": 97, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Social Capital;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 164, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Economic Capital;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 179, "width": 110, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Cultural Capital;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 162, "top": 194, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Symbolic Capital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 479, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Process Assistance is conducted in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA) by performing various activities, such as repressive socialization (delivery of material on sex and reproduction), playing with the assistants, and providing knowledge of entrepreneurial skills.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 308, "width": 43, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Output", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 286, "width": 239, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Children are happy in facing their future;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 300, "width": 397, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Parents further enhance child care and supervision after being assisted;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 315, "width": 403, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Increase children’s confidence with the reintegration program, so that there are no obstacles in socialization and growth.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 369, "width": 53, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Outcome", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 346, "width": 403, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Post-free changes can be seen from the pattern of children’s behavior to be more open to parents;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 376, "width": 325, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Assistance is conducted to create character and education;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 391, "width": 337, "height": 30, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Coaching certifications that can be used after being released. Source: Primary Data (2020)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 436, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 451, "width": 513, "height": 148, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The implementation of habitus and capital to a particular domain produces a Doxa. This Doxa is a children’s trust in the correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA) for the assistants of Sahabat Kapas. The rules made by the domain are Sahabat Kapas in assisting Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition ( Anak-Anak dalam Kondisi Khusus dan Rentan or AKKR) in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). According to Bourdieu, Doxa is a direct loyalty (trust and acceptance) to the rules of the game in practice between habitus and field, and which rules make the world view taken for granted ( Bourdieu, 2010, pp. 120-121 ). In other words, agents will not see a value in a field without trust. When the agent does not have that, then the agent cannot participate in the battle in the field.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 600, "width": 513, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A belief arises when the assistants provide comfort and security for Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). The rules that are created involve the belief in learning that continues to be good and implemented by it. These values produce information about the actions and thoughts of Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). In this case, Doxa supports certain social arrangements in a field, which privileges the dominant group, the assistants of Sahabat Kapas. This position is unconsciously accepted by Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 14, "width": 463, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social Practice of Sahabat Kapas in Vulnerable Children and Children with Special Condition Assistance in Surakarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 767, "width": 501, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020. Owned by Author(s), published by Society . This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-SA license. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 493, "top": 778, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "401", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 55, "width": 513, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These regulations are knowledge of fulfilling the basic rights of children in correctional institutions/detention centers/Institute for Special Development Children (LPKA). Besides, to stay afloat and children can be met their needs need to follow the assistance conducted by the assistants of Sahabat Kapas. When one of them does not follow, then individual counseling will be charged.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 144, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Acknowledgment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 159, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The authors would like to thank Universitas Sebelas Maret for its support, facilities, and services provided during this research. The authors also would like to thank all informants who have contributed during the research process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 218, "width": 215, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Declaration of Conflicting Interests", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 233, "width": 513, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The authors have declared no potential conflicts of interest concerning the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 292, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 307, "width": 513, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badjuri, A., & Yuwono, T. (2002). Kebijakan Publik Konsep dan Strategi. 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Retrieved from", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 189, "width": 218, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://sahabatkapas.org/en/about-us/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 204, "width": 513, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "United Nations. (1989). OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 248, "width": 159, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "__________________________", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 276, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "About the Authors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 306, "width": 513, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Nurul Istiqomah, a graduate student at Master of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 336, "width": 177, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-Mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 364, "width": 513, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Bagus Haryono , obtained his Doctoral degree from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in 2011. The author is an Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 409, "width": 200, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-Mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 437, "width": 513, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Argyo Demartoto, obtained his Doctoral degree from Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, in 2012. The author is an Associate Professor at the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 482, "width": 239, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-Mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 45, "top": 77, "width": 493, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 320, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sri Sudaryani Sy. Abd. Azis Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Herlina Jusuf Universitas Negeri Gorontalo Laksmyn Kadir Universitas Negeri Gorontalo", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 468, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara jenis kelamin, pengetahuan ibu dan status gizi balita dengan kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif melalui pendekatan survey analitik dengan desain Cross Sectional Study. Populasi ada balita yang datang berkunjung di Puskesmas Momunu pada saat penelitian dilakukan. Jumlah Sampel sebanyak 155 balita yang dihitung dengan rumus slovin. Data yang didapatkan kemudian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji yang digunakan yaitu chi square dengan nilai ? = 0,05. Berdasarkan hasil temuan dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan jenis kelamin balita (? value 0,000), pengetahuan ibu (? value 0,000), status gizi balita (? value 0,000) dengan kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 411, "width": 128, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 441, "width": 501, "height": 100, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usia balita sangat penting untuk pematangan manusia. Keberhasilanpertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di masa depan sangat bergantung padaperkembangan dan pertumbuhan mereka selama masa bayi. Karena sistemkekebalan tubuhnya masih berkembang, balita sangat rentan terhadappenyakit. Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (juga dikenal sebagai ISPA)adalah penyebab umum rawat inap dan penyakit di antara pasien. ISPAadalah infeksi saluran pernapasan atas atau bawah yang dapat menyebabkanberbagai gejala dan penyakit. Kemenkes (2017) menyatakan bahwa ISPAmerupakan Airborne Bone Disease yang dapat disebarkan melalui pernapasanudara yang terkontaminasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 554, "width": 501, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahkan sekarang, ISPA tetap menjadi salah satu pembunuh penyakitmenular terkemuka di dunia. Angka kematian tahunan akibat ISPA adalah4,25 juta. Pada tahun 2019, harapan hidup rata-rata seseorang denganinfeksi saluran pernapasan bawah adalah 2,9 tahun lebih pendek daripadatanpa penyakit (WHO, 2019). Balita paling berbahaya. Sekitar 1,6 jutaanak di bawah usia lima tahun meninggal setiap tahun akibat pneumonia,menjadikan ISPA sebagai penyebab utama rawat inap anak. Jumlah kematianorang dewasa (usia 25 hingga 59) adalah 1,65 juta (Aryani, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 641, "width": 509, "height": 125, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di daerah berpenghasilan rendah, ISPA merupakan penyebab utamakematian bayi (terutama pada bayi berusia kurang dari dua bulan). Dinegara berkembang, Indonesia memiliki salah satu tingkat ISPA tertinggi.Di Indonesia, ISPA secara konsisten menjadi penyebab utama kematian bayidan balita. Di rumah sakit dan klinik, ISPA sering menempati urutan 10besar penyakit yang paling banyak diobati. Karena ISPA memiliki dampakyang sangat besar bagi penderitanya—tidak hanya bayi dan balita, tetapijuga orang dewasa—dan karena dapat berfungsi sebagai pemicu penyakitlain, penyakit ini terus menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia(Kemenkes RI, 2017). Sedangkan pada tahun 2019, angka kejadian (per 1000anak di bawah usia lima tahun) di Indonesia sebesar 20,56 persen,menurut statistik dari subdirektorat ISPA Kementerian Kesehatan. Angkakejadian ISPA diprediksi mencapai 3,55 persen secara nasional pada tahun2019 (Kemenkes RI).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 505, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cakupan ISPA balita di Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2019 sebesar 52,3%,tahun 2020 sebesar 60%, dan tahun 2021 target cakupan ISPA balitasebesar 65%; namun hanya 3 kabupaten (dari total 13) yang dapat mencapaitarget nasional ISPA balita (Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah,2021). Menurut Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Buol, ISPA merupakan salah satudari 10 besar penyakit yang paling umum di daerah tersebut. DinasKesehatan Kabupaten Buol melaporkan antara tahun 2019 sampai dengantahun 2021 terdapat total 7198 kasus ISPA pada balita (44,3%), 7460kasus (45,7%), dan 5839 kasus (34,8%) ISPA pada balita (Dikes,Pengendalian Kependudukan dan KB, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 177, "width": 509, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut data tahun 2019, Puskesmas Momunu mengalami peningkatan kasusISPA terbanyak di Kabupaten Buol. Kasus ISPA pada balita pada tahun 2019sebanyak 1.082 kasus, terhitung 68,8 persen; pada tahun 2020, terdapat690 kasus, terhitung 43,8 persen; dan pada tahun 2021, terdapat 695kasus, terhitung 44,2 persen. Menurut profil Puskesmas Momunu tahun2021, kasus ISPA merupakan yang terbanyak di antara 10 gangguan yangpaling banyak dirawat di sana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 252, "width": 501, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dua dari sebelas anak dalam studi pendahuluan mengalami gizi buruk,dan sembilan ibu mengatakan bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif juga sangatberpengaruh; Namun, tiga orang ibu mengatakan bahwa pengetahuan ibu jugasangat berpengaruh karena masih ada ibu dengan balita yangpengetahuannya masih rendah sehingga kurang memahami pentingnyapemberian gizi yang cukup. Meskipun ISPA paling umum terjadi pada anakkecil, penyakit ini tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat diwilayah tangkapan Puskesmas Momunu pada tahun 2021 karena dampaknya yangluas terhadap korbannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 352, "width": 507, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Petugas program ISPA Puskesmas Momunu menemukan bahwa ibu denganijazah SMA atau kurang memiliki kejadian ISPA yang lebih tinggi padaanak balita mereka dibandingkan dengan mereka yang bergelar sarjana.Berdasarkan pendataan kesehatan balita di Puskesmas Momunu, 21 pasienbalita tersebut mengalami gizi kurang. Ini karena kombinasi asupanmakanan yang tidak mencukupi dan fakta bahwa mereka tidak disusui secaraeksklusif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 427, "width": 502, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakta yang ada dan tingginya kejadian ISPA paida balita di wilayahpelayanan Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol menunjukkan perlunyapenelitian lebih lanjut., menarik peneliti untuk mengetahui “RisikoKejadian Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut pada Balita diPuskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 490, "width": 72, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 519, "width": 508, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian kuantitatif melalui pendekatan survey analitikdengan desain Cross Sectional Study. Penelitian telahdilakukan di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol pada bulan Februari-Maret2023. Populasi balita yang datang berkunjung di Puskesmas Momunu padasaat penelitian dilakukan. Jumlah Sampel sebanyak 155 balita yangdihitung dengan rumus slovin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 582, "width": 129, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 609, "width": 509, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode utama pengumpulan informasi untuk penelitian ini adalahmelalui informasi dengan ibu dari anak yang didiagnosis ISPA. Datasekunder mengacu pada informasi yang diperoleh dari sumber yang sudahada sebelumnya seperti publikasi ilmiah, situs web perusahaan, dansejenisnya. Kuesioner, wawancara dengan responden, dan dokumen pendukungmembentuk instrumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 672, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan dan Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 699, "width": 497, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengeditan, pengkodean, tabulasi, dan pembersihan adalah semualangkah yang terjadi setelah pengumpulan datia. Analisis data dilakiukanseciara univariat dain bivariat. Anialisis univariat dengan memberikanpenjelasan rinci tentang frekuensi dan distribusi masing-masingvariabel, dan uji chi-square untuk analisis bivariat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 51, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 49, "top": 106, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis Kelamin Balita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 126, "width": 395, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frekuensi (n) Persentase (%) Laki-Laki 115 74,2 Perempuan 40 25,8 Jumilah 155 100,0 Table 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Responden berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin Balita", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 236, "width": 505, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada penelitian ini sebagian besar balita berjenis kelamin laki- laki yaitu sebanyak 115 orang (74,2%), sedangkan balita berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 40 orang (25,8%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 288, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan Ibu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 44, "top": 308, "width": 394, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frekuensi (n) Persentase (%) Baik 56 36,1 Cukup 70 45,2 Kurang 29 18,7 Jumlah 155 100,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 397, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Balita", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 43, "top": 431, "width": 498, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada penelitian ini sebagian besar ibu balita berpengetahuan cukup mengenai penyakit ISPA pada balita yaitu sebanyak 70 orang (45,2%), sedangkan ibu yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 56 orang (36,1%) dan berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 29 orang (18,7%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 495, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Status Gizi Balita", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 515, "width": 395, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frekuensi (n) Persentase (%) BB Normal 105 67,7 BB Kurang 36 23,2 Risiko BB Lebih 14 9,0 Jumlah 155 100,0 Table 3. Status Gizi Balita", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 638, "width": 496, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada penelitian ini sebagian besar balita berat badan normal yaitu sebanyak 105 orang (67,7%), sedangkan balita dengan berat badan kurang sebanyak 36 orang (23,2%) dan balita dengan risiko berat badan lebih sebanyak 14 orang (9,0%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 44, "top": 690, "width": 483, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis Kelamin Kejadian ISPA Total ρ value Tidak ISPA ISPA n % n % N % Laki-laki 59 38,1 56 36,1 115 74,2 0,000 Perempuan 38 24,5 2 1,3 40 25,8 Jumlah 97 62,6 58 37,4 155 100,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 82, "width": 329, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 116, "width": 499, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada 115 orang balita (74,2%) yangberjenis kelamin laki-laki, yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 56 orang(36,1%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 59 orang (38,1%). Pada 40orang balita (25,8%) yang berjenis kelamin perempuan, yang mengalamiISPA sebanyak 2 orang (1,3%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 38orang (24,5%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 191, "width": 503, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji chi square mendapatkan ρ value sebesar 0,000. Pemenuhanhipotesis yaitu ρ value (0,000) < α (0,05). Diinterpretasikan bahwaada hubungan jenis kelamin dengan kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita diPuskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 44, "top": 242, "width": 487, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetah uan Ibu Kejadian ISPA Total ρ value Tidak ISPA ISPA n % n % N % Baik 43 27,7 13 8,4 56 36,1 0,000 Cukup 47 30,3 23 14,8 70 45,2 Kurang 7 4,5 22 14,2 29 18,7 Jumlah 97 62,6 58 37,4 155 100,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 337, "width": 342, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 43, "top": 371, "width": 495, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada 56 orang ibu balita (36,1%) berpengetahuan baik, yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 13 orang (8,4%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 43 orang (27,7%). Pada 70 orang ibu balita (45,2%) yang berpengetahuan cukup, yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 23 orang (14,8%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 47 orang (30,3%). Pada 29 orang ibu balita (18,7%) yang berpengetahuan kurang, yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 22 orang (14,2%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 7 orang (4,5%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 459, "width": 506, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji chi square mendapatkan ρ value sebesar 0,000. Pemenuhan hipotesis yaitu ρ value (0,000) < α (0,05). Diinterpretasikan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 44, "top": 510, "width": 484, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Status Giizi Kejadian ISPA Total ρ value Tidak ISPA ISPA n % n % N % BB Normal 78 50,3 27 17,4 105 67,7 0,000 BB Kurang 6 3,9 30 19,4 36 23,3 Risiko BB Lebih 13 8,4 1 0,6 14 9,0 Jumlah 97 62,6 58 37,4 155 100,0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 616, "width": 317, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 43, "top": 650, "width": 492, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pada 105 orang balita (67,7%) beratbadan normal, yang mengalami ISPiA sebanyak 27 orang (19,4%) dan yangtidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 78 orang (50,3%). Pada 36 orang balita(23,3%) berat badan kurang, yang mengalami ISPA sebanyak 30 orang(19,4%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPiA sebanyak 6 orang (3,9%). Pada 14orang balita (9,0%) dengan risiko berat badan lebih, yang mengalami ISPAsebanyak 1 orang (0,6%) dan yang tidak mengalami ISPA sebanyak 13 orang(8,4%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 737, "width": 503, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji chi square mendapatkan ρ value sebesar 0,000. Pemenuhanhipotesis yaitu ρ value (0,000) < α (0,05). Diinterpretasikan bahwaada hubungan status gizi dengan kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 234, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balita diPuskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 102, "width": 117, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 130, "width": 488, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Jenis Kelamin dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPApada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 172, "width": 501, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan menunjukkan bahwa anak laki-laki lebih mungkin terkena ISPAdibandingkan anak perempuan di Puskesmas Momunu di Kabupaten Buol. Nilai0,000 untuk memungkinkan kita menyimpulkan ini. Menurut penelitian,lebih banyak laki-laki daripada perempuan yang dilaporkan mengalamiISPA, sedangkan perempuan lebih banyak daripada laki-laki yangmelaporkan tidak pernah mengalami ISPA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 247, "width": 510, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Para peneliti telah menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada variasi biologisyang jelas antara usia anak balita yang menyebabkan perbedaan yangdiamati dalam prevalensi ISPA antara jenis kelamin. ISPA lebih seringterjadi pada balita laki-laki dibandingkan balita perempuan. Bayilaki-laki mungkin berisiko lebih besar terkena ISPA daripada bayiperempuan. Ini mungkin karena variasi hormonal dan sistem kekebalanantara jenis kelamin. Karena laki-laki seringkali lebih aktif daripadaperempuan, mereka juga lebih mungkin terpapar bahan kimia penyebabISPA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 335, "width": 508, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan penelitian ini konsisten dengan penelitian sebelumnya yangdilakukan di sekitar Puskesmas Kota Timur yang sama di Kota Gorontalooleh Dengo et al. (2023) yang menemukan p-value = 0,039 (0,05) antarajenis kelamin dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita usia 24-59 bulan. Enampuluh lima balita laki-laki (34,9%) dan enam puluh tiga balita perempuan(34,8%) lebih sering mengalami ISPA dibandingkan kelompok jenis kelaminlainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 410, "width": 497, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sari (2018) di Wilayah KerjaPuskesmas Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu, hubungan antara jenis kelamin denganprevalensi ISPA pada balita signifikan pada p = 0,006. Risiko ISPA padabalita laki-laki 3.750 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan balitaperempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 460, "width": 508, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukamawa mengklaim bahwa ISPA dapat menyerang siapa saja tanpamemandang ras, agama, usia, maupun tingkat sosial ekonomi. Insiden ISPAagak lebih tinggi pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan, terutama padabalita; perbedaan ini kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh fungsi parubalita laki-laki yang belum berkembang (Firza et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 522, "width": 501, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Genetika memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam membentuk sistemkekebalan, terutama pada usia muda, yang dapat menjelaskan mengapa jeniskelamin dapat memengaruhi terjadinya ISPA. Identitas seks ditentukanoleh ada tidaknya sejumlah kromosom X; perempuan memiliki kromosom XX,sedangkan laki-laki memiliki kromosom XY. Penelitian yang diterbitkandalam bioessay mengungkapkan bahwa microRNAs pada kromosom X terlibatdalam imunitas dan keganasan. MicroRNA adalah sejenis RNA yang memainkanperan penting dalam biosintesis makromolekul yang lebih besar sepertiDNA dan protein. MicroRNA lebih banyak terjadi pada wanita dibandingkanpria karena peningkatan jumlah kromosom X pada wanita (Utami et al.,2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 635, "width": 506, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 677, "width": 501, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Korelasi antara pendidikan dengan angka kejadian penyakit saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pada balita ditemukan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol ini. Ini adalah hasil dari memasukkan 23,749 untuk 2 dan 0,000 untuk. Analisis data menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan tinggi yang tidak mengalami ISPA, ibu dengan tingkat pengetahuan rendah mengalami ISPA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 752, "width": 490, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telah dikemukakan oleh para peneliti bahwa keakraban seorang ibu dengan ISPA memengaruhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 495, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemampuannya untuk melihat gejala peringatan, mengambil tindakan pencegahan, dan merawat anaknya secara efektif jika dia tertular penyakit tersebut. Jika ibu mengetahui apa yang harus dicari pada anak dengan ISPA, kemungkinan diagnosisnya lebih cepat daripada nanti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 114, "width": 502, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mendapatkan perhatian medis untuk ISPA sesegera mungkin dapat mengurangi kemungkinan komplikasi dan mempercepat pemulihan pasien. Melindungi bayi dari paparan virus atau bakteri penyebab ISPA menuntut ibu untuk menguasai strategi pencegahan. Ibu yang mendapat informasi lebih mungkin melakukan tindakan pencegahan, seperti sering mencuci tangan, vaksinasi, dan lingkungan rumah yang bersih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 189, "width": 509, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemahaman orang tua tentang ISPA adalah sumber penting untuk membantu anak mengembangkan rutinitas yang sehat. Pengetahuan atau kognisi adalah area krusial di mana tindakan (perilaku) seseorang terbentuk. Kemungkinan kejadian ISPA pada anak dapat diminimalkan seminimal mungkin jika ibu memiliki pemahaman yang kuat tentang kondisi tersebut, dan hal ini kemungkinan besar akan berdampak baik pada kesehatan anaknya (Notoatmodjo, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 277, "width": 506, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada unsur baik dan buruk yang ibu ketahui tentang ISPA. Caraseseorang merasakan sesuatu didasarkan pada persepsi mereka tentangnilai dan daya tarik estetisnya. Pandangan yang lebih optimis berkembangsebagai respons terhadap peningkatan keakraban dengan fitur yang disukaiobjek. Jika Anda tahu sedikit tentang suatu topik dan memutuskan inginmempelajarinya lebih lanjut, Anda mungkin lebih termotivasi untukmelakukannya. Para ibu, sebagai pengasuh utama, bertanggung jawab untukmenyadari kebutuhan dan kekurangan mereka yang tidak terpenuhi.Mengetahui bahwa anak-anak mereka memiliki hak, termasuk hak atasperawatan medis, dapat membantu para ibu membentuk keyakinan yangmemotivasi mereka untuk menjaga kesehatan anak mereka sendiri. Semakinberpengetahuan seseorang, semakin jelas jalan mereka. Sehingga para ibuyang berpendidikan dapat mendekati pengobatan balitanya yang kurangsehat dengan objektivitas dan keterbukaan yang lebih besar, khususnyadalam kasus sindrom paru menular pada bayi dan anak kecil (ISPA)(Syamsi, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 439, "width": 503, "height": 100, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan penelitian ini sejalan dengan Wulaningsih dan Hastuti (2018)yang menemukan adanya hubungan bermakna (=0,031) antara pengetahuan ISPAorang tua dengan prevalensi ISPA pada balita di Desa DawungsariKecamatan Pegandon Kabupaten Kendal. Dua puluh responden (60,6%) yangmenjawab survei dan memahami ISPA secara menyeluruh tidak pernahmengalami kondisi tersebut. Lima belas (75%) responden yang mengalamikejadian ISPA juga memiliki pemahaman yang sesuai tentang ISPA. Namun,sebelas orang (57,9%) mengatakan bahwa pengetahuan mereka tentang ISPAkurang dari rata-rata. Orang mungkin berasumsi bahwa lebih sedikit kasusISPA akan terjadi jika orang tua mengetahui lebih banyak tentang kondisitersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 552, "width": 464, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Bali tadi Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 594, "width": 509, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol kejadian ISPA berhubungan dengan keadaan gizi balita. Nilai 0,000 untuk menghasilkan hasil ini. Menurut penelitian, anak di bawah 5 tahun dengan indeks massa tubuh lebih rendah lebih mungkin terkena ISPA daripada rekan mereka yang berbobot normal. Ketika balita kekurangan berat badan, itu menunjukkan mereka tidak cukup makan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 657, "width": 505, "height": 87, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkaran setan dapat berkembang antara malnutrisi dan ISPA. Balita yang sudah kekurangan gizi berisiko lebih besar terkena ISPA, dan penyakit itu sendiri dapat berdampak negatif pada status gizi mereka karena berkurangnya asupan makanan dan meningkatnya kebutuhan gizi selama proses penyembuhan. Nafsu makan berkurang, mual, muntah, dan masalah makan dan minum adalah kemungkinan efek samping infeksi saluran pernapasan akut pada balita. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan kurangnya perkembangan dan unsur penunjang kesehatan dalam makanan. ISPA jangka panjang atau berat dapat berdampak pada kondisi pola makan atau berat badan seseorang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 757, "width": 444, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Status gizi merupakan faktor risiko Penyakit Pernafasan Akut pada balita karena dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 506, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebabkan terganggunya sistem hormonal dan pertahanan tubuh balita yang keduanya dapat menyebabkan penyakit ISPA. Daya tahan tubuh yang lemah membuat balita gizi buruk lebih rentan terhadap infeksi ISPA dan memperlama timbulnya gejala dibandingkan dengan balita dengan keadaan gizi sehat. Oleh karena itu, daya tahan tubuh yang sehat dan terhindar dari ISPA membutuhkan pola makan yang tepat dan seimbang. Karena bayi dan balita terbukti lebih rentan terhadap ISPA (Darmawan et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 164, "width": 492, "height": 87, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respon imunologi tubuh dan daya tahan tubuh terhadap infeksi sangatdipengaruhi oleh nutrisi yang dikonsumsi. Salah satu variabel utamadalam menjaga keseimbangan ini adalah status gizi, dan malnutrisi energiprotein (PEM) dapat menurunkan daya tahan tubuh dan meningkatkanvirulensi patogen, mengganggu keseimbangan dan menyebabkan infeksi.penyakit, terutama penyakit menular, lebih sering terjadi pada balitapenderita ISPA karena keadaan gizi anak yang rendah. Balita yang kuranggizi lebih mungkin tertular dan menderita infeksi infeksi untuk jangkawaktu yang lebih lama daripada balita yang gizinya baik (Prasiwi et al.,2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 264, "width": 497, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan penelitian ini menguatkan orang-orang dari Giroth et al.(2022), yang menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk menentukan persyaratanchi-square tidak terpenuhi (pvalue = 0,003 = 0,05) dan menyimpulkanbahwa ada korelasi antara status gizi balita dengan prevalensi ISPA.Respons imun yang sehat memungkinkan tubuh menangkis penyakit menular,tetapi karena nutrisi memburuk, pertahanan tubuh melemah, menyebabkanmasalah seperti pertumbuhan terhambat, kekebalan terganggu, dankerusakan mukosa (termasuk di saluran pernapasan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 352, "width": 508, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Malnutrisi dan gizi buruk terbukti memiliki korelasi yang signifikandengan prevalensi ISPA dalam penelitian yang dilakukan di Surakarta olehWidyawati et al. (2020), dengan nilai p kurang dari 0,05 untuk keduavariabel. ISPA terjadi 8,63 kali lebih sering pada balita dengan statusgizi rendah dibandingkan pada balita dengan gizi cukup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 415, "width": 213, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 444, "width": 509, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada hubungan jenis kelamin balita (ρ value 0,000), pengetahuan ibu (ρ value 0,000), status gizi balita (ρ value 0,000) dengan kejadian Penyakit ISPA pada Balita di Puskesmas Momunu Kabupaten Buol. Oleh karena itu disarankan kepada Puskesmas menyebarkan informasi akurat tentang penularan, gejala, dan tindakan pencegahan ISPA kepada masyarakat luas. Kemampuan masyarakat untuk mengidentifikasi dan menghindari bahaya ISPA dapat ditingkatkan dengan pendidikan yang memadai..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 532, "width": 148, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 562, "width": 501, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aryani, N. & Syapitri, H. 2018. Hubungan Kebiasaan Merokok Anggota Keluarga Di Dalam Rumah Dengan ISPA Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Helvetia Tahun 2016. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Lingkungan Hidup , 3(1): 1–9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 612, "width": 486, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Darmawan, M., Kumala, D. & Arsesiana, A. 2016. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahan dan Sikap Ibu dalam Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Bayi Usia 1-12 Bulan di Puskesmas Pahandut Palangka Raya. Dinamika Kesehatan , 7(2): 98–109.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 662, "width": 475, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengo, S.W., Kadir, L. & Amalia, L. 2023. Factors Associated With The Incidence Of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) In Children Aged 24-59 Months In The East City Puskesmas Region. Gorontalo Journal and Science Community , 7(3): 272–280.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 712, "width": 491, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinas Kesehatan Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana 2021. Profil Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Buol. Dinas Kesehatan Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 749, "width": 506, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 2021. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Profil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 / 8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 15, "width": 237, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Vol 15 No 2 (2023): Suplemen", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesehatan Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah , 1–377.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 102, "width": 505, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Firza, D., Haratah, D.R., Wardah, R., Alviani, S. & Rahmayani, T.U. 2020. Angka Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan dengan Jenis Kelamind an Usia di UPT Puskesmas Dolok Merawan . Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 152, "width": 486, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Giroth, T.M., Manoppo, J.I.C. & Bidjuni, H.J. 2022. Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Tompaso Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Keperawatan , 10(1): 79.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 189, "width": 502, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemenkes 2017. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 27 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 239, "width": 489, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemenkes RI 2019. Health Statistics (Health Information System) . Short Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 277, "width": 472, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notoatmodjo 2017a. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. In Applied Nursing Research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 314, "width": 386, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notoatmodjo, S. 2017b. Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan . Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 339, "width": 491, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prasiwi, N.W., Ristanti, I.K., D, T.Y.F. & Salamah, K. 2021. Hubungan Antara Status Gizi dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita. Cerdika Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia , 1(5): 560–566. Tersedia di https://cerdika.publikasiindonesia.id/ index.php/cerdika/article/view/81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 389, "width": 504, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, N.N. 2018. Faktor-Faktor Risiko yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ratu Agung Kota Bengkulu Tahun 2018 . Poltekkes Kemenkes Bengkullu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 427, "width": 503, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syamsi, N. 2018. Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Balita Tentang Dengan Kejadian Ispa Pada Balita Diwilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bontosikuyu Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada , 6(1): 49–57.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 477, "width": 502, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Utami, P.M.N., Purniti, P.S. & Arimbawa, I.M. 2018. Hubungan Jenis Kelamin, Status Gizi Dan Berat Badan Lahir Dengan Angka Kejadian ISPA Pada Balita Di Puskesmas Banjarangkan II Tahun 2016. Intisari Sains Medis , 9(3): 135–139.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 527, "width": 392, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "WHO 2019. Pusat Pengobatan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Berat . WHO.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 552, "width": 491, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widyawati, W., Hidayah, D. & Andarini, I. 2020. Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Angka Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Balita Usia 1-5 Tahun di Surakarta. Smart Medical Journal , 3(2): 59.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 602, "width": 485, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wulaningsih, I. & Hastuti, W. 2018. Hubungan Pengetahuan Orang Tua tentang ISPA dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Desa Dawungsari Kecamatan Pegandon Kabupaten Kendal. Jurnal Smart Keperawatan , 5(1): 90.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 450, "top": 816, "width": 85, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 / 8", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2130 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 123, "width": 395, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Legal Analysis of Compensation for Infringement of Trademarks of Non- Synonymous Goods in Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 170, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fransisca Giovany Andri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 185, "width": 386, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia, Jl. Prof. Dr. HR. Boenjamin 708 Kotak Pos 115 Purwokerto 53122 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 286, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 301, "width": 399, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This paper abstracts on damages for infringement of marks of non-similar goods, the protection for trademarks has been regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, yet in reality, infringements against trademarks still occur. This research discusses the application of the first-to-file principle and compensation in cases of dissimilar goods trademark infringement. The research employs a normative juridical research method with a legislative approach. The legal sources utilized are secondary data obtained from literature materials, with primary legal materials including Decision Number 836 K/Pdt.Sus- HKI/2022 and Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. The data analysis method used in this research is qualitative normative analysis. The research findings indicate that the first-to-file principle is applied not only to trademark registration for similar goods but also to dissimilar goods. The compensation that can be awarded to the legitimate trademark owner is immaterial compensation, the amount of which is determined by the judge considering the positions of the parties involved. The Directorate General of Intellectual Property in examining trademark registration applications must be more meticulous, and judges, in determining the amount of immaterial compensation, must prioritize justice.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 503, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Compensation; Trademark Infringement; Dissimilar Goods", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 542, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 557, "width": 399, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan ini mengabstraksi tentang ganti rugi atas pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis, Perlindungan bagi merek telah diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, namun dalam kenyataannya pelanggaran terhadap merek masih terjadi. Penelitian ini membahas penerapan prinsip first to file dan pemberian ganti rugi dalam kasus pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Sumber hukum yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari bahan pustaka dengan bahan hukum primer berupa Putusan Nomor 836 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022 dan Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Metode analisa data pada penelitian ini yaitu normatif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip first to file diterapkan tidak hanya terhadap pendaftaran merek untuk barang sejenis namun juga berlaku bagi barang tidak sejenis. Ganti rugi yang dapat diberikan bagi pemilik sah merek adalah ganti rugi immateriil dengan besaran yang ditetapkan hakim dengan mempertimbangkan kedudukan para pihak. DJKI dalam memeriksa permohonan pendaftaran merek harus lebih teliti lagi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2131 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagi hakim dalam memutus besarnya ganti rugi immateriil harus mengutamakan nilai keadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 150, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Ganti Rugi; Pelanggaran Merek; Barang Tidak Sejenis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 178, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 193, "width": 400, "height": 295, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hak atas merek merupakan salah satu hak kekayaan intelektual yang harus dilindungi oleh Negara, karena merek mempunyai fungsi yaitu sebagai alat pembeda antara barang atau jasa yang satu dengan barang atau jasa yang lain, terutama barang atau jasa yang sejenis. Sehingga masyarakat dapat mengerti serta dapat membedakannya antara merek terkenal dan tidak terkenal. Merek mempunyai arti yang sangat penting oleh karena itu perlu adanya perlindungan terhadap merek atau hak atas merek kepada pemegang merek terdaftar. 1 Suatu merek jika ingin mendapatkan perlindungan dan memperoleh hak eksklusif, maka merek tersebut harus didaftarkan ke kantor Ditjen Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI). Terdapat dua macam sistem dalam pendaftaran merek yaitu sistem pendaftaran deklaratif dan sistem konstitutif. Sistem deklaratif adalah sistem yang menyatakan hak merek itu terbit dengan adanya pemakaian yang pertama. Sistem deklaratif ini menganut prinsip first to use , yaitu bahwa fungsi pendaftaran itu tidaklah memberikan hak, melainkan hanya memberikan dugaan atau sangkaan menurut undang-undang bahwa orang yang mereknya terdaftar itu merupakan yang berhak sebenarnya sebagai pemakai pertama dari merek yang didaftarkan. Sistem konstitutif adalah suatu sistem yang mengatakan hak merek itu baru terbit setelah dilakukan pendaftaran yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum. Sistem konstitutif ini menganut prinsip first to file , yaitu cara seseorang memperoleh hak merek tergantung pendaftarannya. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 489, "width": 400, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendaftaran merek di Indonesia menganut stelsel konstitutif. Menurut stelsel konstitutif, pihak yang mendaftarkan suatu merek terlebih dahulu adalah satu- satunya pihak yang berhak atas merek tersebut dan pihak ketiga harus menghormati hak pendaftar merek sebagai hak mutlak dalam pendaftaran suatu merek. 3 Stelsel konstitutif ini menganut prinsip first to file yang berarti apabila permohonan yang diajukan telah memenuhi persyaratan minimum sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 13 Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, pemohon yang permohonannya diajukan terlebih dahulu dan terdaftar terlebih dahulu, maka pihak tersebutlah yang berhak atas perlindungan mereknya. 4 Meskipun pendaftaran merek sudah diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, namun pada realitasnya masih banyak kasus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 677, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Andhika Richardo Kaparang, “Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Merek Berdasarkan Ketentuan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia”, Jurnal Lex Privatum 13, no.2, (2024):1-7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Atika Sandra Dewi, “Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemegang Merek di Indonesia”, Jurnal Hukum Kalam Keadilan . 6, no. 1, (2018): 16-29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 735, "width": 315, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Sudaryat, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (Bandung: Oase Media, 2010), hlm. 30. 4 Sudaryat, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (Bandung: Oase Media, 2010), hlm. 30.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2132 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 399, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelanggaran merek yang terjadi. Pelanggaran merek merupakan perbuatan yang umumnya ditengarai oleh sebuah produsen atau pelaku usaha dengan modus memproduksi barang-barang dengan mencantumkan merek yang dianggap bereputasi baik dan familier di kalangan masyarakat luas, yang mana merek yang ditempeli pada produknya itu bukan merupakan haknya. Dengan begitu pula produsen atau pelaku usaha itu tentu saja meraih keuntungan besar tanpa mengeluarkan biasa, waktu, dan tenaga untuk membuat dan “membangun” reputasi merek dengan cara memperkenalkan kepada masyarakat. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 400, "height": 340, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia pernah terjadi suatu kasus sengketa merek Starbucks, di mana dalam sengketa ini melibatkan dua pihak yaitu antara Starbucks Corporation yang berkedudukan di Amerika Serikat sebagai Penggugat dan PT Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company yang berkedudukan di Indonesia sebagai Tergugat. Starbucks Corporation mempunyai m erek kopi “Starbucks” dan sudah membuka banyak gerai kopi di berbagai negara termasuk di Indonesia, sedangkan PT Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company merupakan sebuah perusahaan rokok yang mempunyai merek “Starbucks” yang mana merek tersebut memiliki persamaan dengan merek kopi milik Starbucks Corporation. PT Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company pertama kali mendaftarkan mereknya pada tahun 1992 dan telah dilakukan perpanjangan pada tahun 2002 dan 2011 sedangkan Starbucks Corporation baru mendaftarkan mereknya di Indonesia tahun 2005. Terhadap kasus ini, Mahkamah Agung dalam Putusan Nomor 836 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022 menyatakan bahwa PT Sumatra Tobacco Trading Company beritikad tidak baik pada waktu mendaftarkan merek “Starbucks” dan membatalkan merek “Starbucks” milik PT S umatra Tobacco Trading Company. Mahkamah Agung juga menyatakan bahwa merek “Starbucks” milik Starbucks Corporation merupakan merek terkenal. Pada kasus tersebut barang milik Penggugat dan Tergugat terdaftar di kelas yang berbeda, sehingga perlu dikaji apakah prinsip first to file dapat diterapkan terhadap dua kelas barang yang berbeda jenis. Selain itu, dalam suatu pelanggaran merek tentunya ada pihak yang dirugikan dan dapat diputus mengenai ganti kerugian yang harus dibayarkan kepada pihak yang dirugikan sehingga dalam pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis perlu dianalisis bagaimana pemberian ganti ruginya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 583, "width": 399, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, penulis merumuskan masalah yang akan dibahas dalam penelitian ini, pertama bagaimanakah penerapan prinsip first to file dalam kasus pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis? Lalu yang kedua, bagaimana pemberian ganti rugi dalam kasus pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 657, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Cherry Fajrini Rafli, dan Rani Apriani, “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pemilik Merek atas Pemalsuan Merek oleh Pelaku Usaha Melalui Transaksi Perdagangan Elektronik ( E- Commerce )”, Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan 8, no. 22, (2022): 181-190.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2133 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 369, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang mengacu pada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan. 6 Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan yaitu pendekatan yang mengacu pada aturan yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari bahan pustaka dengan bahan hukum primer berupa Putusan Nomor 836 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2022 dan Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku dan jurnal hukum. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini melalui studi kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini. Bahan hukum yang telah diperoleh berupa bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder diuraikan dan dihubungkan sedemikian rupa, untuk menjawab permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan. Cara pengolahan bahan hukum dilakukan secara deduktif yakni menarik kesimpulan dari suatu permasalahan yang bersifat umum terhadap permasalahan konkret yang dihadapi. 7 Data yang diperoleh akan disajikan dalam bentuk uraian yang disusun secara sistematis dan logis. Keseluruhan data yang diperoleh akan dihubungkan satu dengan yang lainnya, disesuaikan dengan pokok permasalahan yang diteliti sehingga merupakan satu kesatuan yang utuh secara logika. Metode analisa data pada penelitian ini yaitu normatif kualitatif, yaitu dengan menjelaskan suatu kejadian dengan mengumpulkan informasi yang terperinci. 8 Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan menghimpun data melalui penelaahan bahan kepustakaan atau data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, baik berupa dokumen-dokumen maupun peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 508, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan Prinsip First to File dalam Kasus Pelanggaran Merek Barang Tidak Sejenis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 400, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah merek merupakan kekayaan yang sangat berharga secara komersial. Merek merupakan aset perusahaan yang dibangun dengan berbagai upaya dalam jangka waktu yang bisa jadi cukup lama. Merek suatu perusahaan sering kali lebih bernilai dibandingkan dengan aset riil perusahaan tersebut. 9 Dengan demikian, merek merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam dunia bisnis. Merek sangat erat kaitannya dengan dunia perdagangan baik berupa perdagangan barang maupun jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 666, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Johnny Ibrahim, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif (Malang: Bayumedia, 2006), hlm. 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 689, "width": 364, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Johnny Ibrahim, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif (Malang: Bayumedia,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 702, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2006), hlm. 12.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 712, "width": 364, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (Bandung: Alfabeta,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 725, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2013), hlm. 10.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Lindsey Et.al, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Suatu Pengantar (Bandung: Asian Law Group dan PT Alumni, 2005), hlm. 20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2134 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fungsi merek dalam dunia perdagangan adalah agar konsumen dapat membedakan hasil suatu produk tertentu dengan produk lainnya untuk barang atau jasa yang sejenis. 10 Merek merupakan salah satu aset perusahaan yang nilainya tinggi karena merek merupakan hak kekayaan immateriil (tak berwujud). Merek adalah suatu yang melekat dan berkaitan pada suatu produk, bukan produk itu sendiri yang dapat dinikmati secara fisik. Meskipun merek hanya berupa nama maupun tanda tertentu, merek mampu menghasilkan nilai ekonomi yang tinggi ketika produk terkait dapat menarik minat masyarakat. 11 Perlindungan merek merupakan salah satu dari hak milik industrial yang harus dilindungi. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari ketentuan Article 1 Paris Convention for Protection of Industrial Property yang menyebutkan 12 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 271, "width": 381, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The countries to which this Convention applies constitute a Union for the protection of industrial property.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 301, "width": 381, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The protection of industrial property has as its object patents, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks, service marks, trade names, indications of source or appellations of origin, and the repression of unfair competition.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 345, "width": 381, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Industrial property shall be understood in the broadest sense and shall apply not only to industry and commerce proper, but likewise to agricultural and extractive industries and to all manufactured or natural products, for example, wines, grain, tobacco leaf, fruit, cattle, minerals, mineral waters, beer, flowers, and flour.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 419, "width": 381, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Patents shall include the various kinds of industrial patents recognized by the laws of the countries of the Union, such as patents of importation, patents of improvement, patents and certificates of addition, etc.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 479, "width": 400, "height": 131, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlindungan merek merupakan salah satu agenda dalam menjamin pertumbuhan ekonomi di suatu negara. Adanya perlindungan hukum bagi pemilik merek yang sah dimaksudkan untuk memberikan hak yang sifatnya eksklusif (khusus) bagi pemilik merek ( exclusive right ) agar pihak lain tidak dapat menggunakan tanda yang sama atau mirip dengan yang dimilikinya baik untuk barang atau jasa yang sama atau hampir sama. “Hak khusus tersebut cenderung bersifat monopoli, artinya hanya pemilik merek yang dapat menggunakannya”. 13 Menurut pendapat Kotler seperti yang dikutip oleh Sri Mulyani, menyebutkan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan suatu bangsa,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 639, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Esti Aryani, “Pelanggaran Hak atas Merek dan Mekanismenya di Indonesia” Jurnal Wacana Hukum 10, no. 1, (2012): 117-132.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 666, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Sujana Donandi, Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia (Intellectual Property Rights Law in Indonesia) (Sleman: Deepublish, 2019), hlm. 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 692, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Rani Fadhila Syafrinaldi, dan David Hardiago, “TRIPs Agreement dan Standarisasi Hukum Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Industri di Indonesia”, Jurnal UIR Law Review 5, no. 1, (2021): 19-29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 732, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Agung Sujatmiko, “Aspek Yuridis Lisensi Merek dan Persaingan Usaha”, Jurnal Hukum Pro Justitia 26, no. 2, (2008): 113-127.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2135 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 354, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yaitu modal, yang terdiri dari: pertama natural capital (modal alami) seperti misalnya tanah, air, kayu, mineral, dan sebagainya; kedua, physical capital (modal fisik), seperti mesin-mesin, bangunan, fasilitas publik lainnya; ketiga, human capital (modal insani) yakni nilai produktif sumber daya manusia, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI); dan keempat, social capital (modal sosial) yakni nilai-nilai keluarga, masyarakat, berbagai organisasi yang dibentuk masyarakat. 14 Pendaftaran merek diperlukan untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi produsen pemilik suatu barang atau jasa. Terdapat dua prinsip yang dikenal dalam pendaftaran merek yaitu prinsip first to use dan first to file . Prinsip first to use memberikan perlindungan bagi pihak pertama yang menggunakan suatu merek, di mana menurut prinsip ini yang memiliki hak kepemilikan atas suatu merek adalah orang yang pertama kali menggunakan merek tersebut. 15 Prinsip first to file memberikan perlindungan bagi pihak pertama yang mendaftarkan suatu merek, di mana menurut prinsip ini orang yang berhak atas merek adalah pendaftar pertama yang mendaftarkan mereknya dengan itikad baik. 16 Indonesia menganut prinsip first to file dalam sistem pendaftaran merek, sehingga orang yang pertama kali mendaftarkan suatu merek maka dia yang berhak atas kepemilikan merek tersebut. Menurut hukum merek di Indonesia suatu merek harus didaftarkan ke Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual (DJKI) sehingga terdaftar dalam Daftar Umum Merek dan pemilik merek akan mendapatkan sertifikat merek sebagai bukti kepemilikan. 17 Perlindungan merek di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang- undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Pada pasal 21 ayat (1) undang-undang tersebut dinyatakan bahwa suatu permohonan pendaftaran merek ditolak jika memiliki persamaan pada pokoknya atau keseluruhannya dengan 18 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 479, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Merek terdaftar milik pihak lain atau dimohonkan lebih dahulu oleh pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 508, "width": 334, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Merek terkenal milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 523, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Merek terkenal milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa tidak sejenis yang memenuhi persyaratan tertentu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 553, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Indikasi Geografis terdaftar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 608, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Sri Mulyani, “Hak Kekayaan Intelektual sebagai Collateral (Agunan) untuk Mendapatkan Kredit Perbankan di Indonesia”, Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 12, no. 3, (2012): 568-577. 15 Damar Ramadhana Tanjung, Rinitami Njatrijani & Bagus Rahmanda,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 642, "width": 400, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Penerapan Prinsip “First to File” dalam Sengketa Merek Terkenal”, Jurnal Law, Development & Justice Review 6, no. 2, (2023): 111-128. 16 Damar Ramadhana Tanjung, Rinitami Njatrijani & Bagus Rahmanda, “Penerapan Prinsip “First to File” dalam Sengketa Merek Terkenal”, Jurnal Law, Development & Justice Review 6, no. 2, (2023): 111-128.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 701, "width": 400, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Rendy Alexander, “Penerapan Prinsip “First to File” pada Konsep Pendaftaran Merek di Indonesia”, Jurnal Kertha Semaya 10, no. 9, (2022): 2110-2121.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 724, "width": 399, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Raditya Permana, Panduan Kekayaan Intelektual (KI) untuk Pelaku Usaha (Semarang: Saraswati Nitisara, 2017), hlm. 23.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2136 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, pasal 21 ayat (2) juga mengatur bahwa suatu permohonan merek ditolak jika merek tersebut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 152, "width": 382, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Merupakan atau menyerupai nama atau singkatan nama orang terkenal, foto, atau nama badan hukum yang dimiliki orang lain, kecuali atas persetujuan tertulis dari yang berhak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 197, "width": 382, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Merupakan tiruan atau menyerupai nama atau singkatan nama, bendera, lambang atau simbol atau emblem suatu negara atau lembaga nasional maupun internasional, kecuali atas persetujuan tertulis dari pihak yang berwenang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 256, "width": 382, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Merupakan tiruan atau menyerupai tanda atau cap atau stempel resmi yang digunakan oleh negara atau lembaga pemerintah, kecuali atas persetujuan tertulis dari pihak yang berwenang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 315, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merek tidak dapat didaftarkan karena merek tersebut 19 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 330, "width": 266, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Didaftarkan oleh pemohon yang beritikad tidak baik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 345, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, moralitas keagamaan, kesusilaan, atau ketertiban umum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 375, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Tidak memiliki daya pembeda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 390, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Telah menjadi milik umum; atau 5. Merupakan keterangan atau berkaitan dengan barang atau jasa yang dimohonkan pendaftarannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 399, "height": 87, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pasal 21 ayat (3) UU No. 20 Tahun 2016 disebutkan bahwa permohonan merek dapat ditolak apabila diajukan oleh pemohon yang beritikad tidak baik. Maksud dari pemohon yang beritikad tidak baik dalam pasal tersebut yaitu pemohon yang berniat mengikuti, menjiplak, atau meniru merek pihak lainnya guna kepentingan usaha yang dijalankannya, menyesatkan, mengecoh konsumen, serta memicu kondisi persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 400, "height": 132, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 6 bis Konvensi Paris mengatur perlindungan hukum terhadap barang sejenis, di mana pasal ini berbunyi : “Negara peserta diminta menolak, baik atas dasar perundang-undangan merek yang dimiliki, atau atas dasar permintaan pihak berkepentingan, permintaan pendaftaran atau pembatalan pendaftaran dan melarang penggunaan merek yang sama dengan atau merupakan tiruan dari atau menimbulkan kebingungan dari suatu merek yang : a. menurut pertimbangan pihak yang berwenang di negara penerima pendaftaran merupakan merek terkenal atau telah dikenal luas sebagai merek milik seseorang yang berhak memperoleh perlindungan sebagaimana diatur dalam konvensi; b. digunakan untuk produk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 676, "width": 401, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Buku Panduan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (Tangerang, 2013), hlm. 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 718, "width": 401, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Ruri Suci Muliasari, Budi Santoso dan Irawati, “Pelanggaran Prinsip Itikad Baik dalam Sengketa Merek Internasional”, Jurnal Notarius 14, no. 2,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2021): 972-989.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2137 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 235, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sama atau sejenis. 21 Pasal tersebut memberikan perlindungan bagi merek terkenal untuk barang sejenis karena dapat menimbulkan kebingungan masyarakat. Perlindungan barang yang tidak sejenis kemudian diakomodir dalam pasal 16 ayat (3) TRIPs Agreement . Pasal tersebut menyatakan bahwa: “Pasal 6 bis Konvensi Paris berlaku juga untuk barang atau jasa yang tidak mirip dengan barang atau jasa untuk mana suatu merek didaftarkan, sepanjang penggunaan dari merek dagang yang bersangkutan untuk barang atau jasa dimaksud secara tidak wajar akan memberikan indikasi adanya hubungan antara barang atau jasa tersebut dengan pemilik dari merek dagang terdaftar yang bersangkutan.” Pasal tersebut memberikan perluasan perlindungan hukum terhadap merek terkenal, yang mengatur mengenai barang atau jasa tidak sejenis dapat merugikan kepentingan pemilik merek terkenal. 22 Indonesia sebagai anggota World Trade Organization (WTO) telah meratifikasi TRIPs Agreement . TRIPs Agreement mewajibkan semua anggota WTO untuk menyesuaikan hukum nasionalnya dengan Konvensi Paris. 23 Berdasarkan ketentuan tersebut, maka prinsip pendaftaran merek di Indonesia yaitu prinsip first to file diterapkan juga untuk barang tidak sejenis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 375, "width": 387, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian Ganti Rugi dalam Kasus Pelanggaran Merek Barang Tidak Sejenis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 390, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Undang-undang Merek, yang termasuk pelanggaran merek adalah 24 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 419, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Menggunakan merek yang sama pada keseluruhannya dengan merek yang terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang yang sama dan/atau jasa yang sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 464, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menggunakan merek yang mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya dengan merek yang sudah terdaftar milik pihak lain untuk barang dan/atau jasa sejenis yang diproduksi dan/atau diperdagangkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 508, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menggunakan tanda yang mempunyai persamaan secara keseluruhan dengan indikasi geografis milik pihak lain untuk barang yang sama atau sejenis dengan barang yang terdaftar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 400, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada dua teori untuk menentukan ada tidaknya persamaan merek yang satu dengan yang lain, yaitu teori Holistic Approach dan Dominancy . Menurut teori Holistic Approach , untuk menentukan ada tidaknya persamaan merek harus dilihat secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 655, "width": 400, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Denny Felano, “Kajian Yuridis atas Kemenangan Merek Lokal Serupa terhadap Merek Terkenal Internasional dalam Kaitannya dengan Paris Convention dan TRIPS serta Nice Agreement”, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 18, no. 4, (2021): 526-540. 22 Insan Budi Maulana, “Merek Terkenal Menurut TRIPS Agreement dan Penerapan dalam Sistem Merek Indonesia” Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 7 , no. 13, (2006): 110–129.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Valerie Selvie, “Perlindungan Hukum Merek Terkenal Tidak Terdaftar di Indonesia” Jurnal Gloria Juris 6, no. 2, (2006): 152-163.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Syahriyah Semaun, “Perlindungan Merek terhadap Merek Perdagangan Barang dan Jasa”, Jurnal Hukum Diktum 14, no. 1, (2016): 107-123.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2138 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keseluruhan baik dari bunyi, arti, ejaan, ataupun dari tampilan, sedangkan menurut teori Dominancy , hanya unsur yang paling dominan. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 152, "width": 400, "height": 325, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gugatan pelanggaran merek dapat diajukan oleh pemilik merek apabila mereknya dipergunakan oleh pihak lain tanpa seizin dari pemilik merek tersebut. Gugatan dapat diajukan ke Pengadilan Niaga dalam wilayah hukum domisili tergugat. 26 Sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang berlaku sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis gugatan yang diajukan itu dapat berupa ganti rugi dan/atau penghentian semua perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan merek tersebut. 27 Gugatan ganti rugi ( damages ) adalah pembayaran sejumlah uang sebagai kompensasi atas suatu tindakan pelanggaran, ganti rugi umumnya berdasarkan pada jumlah yang seharusnya diterima oleh pemilik merek jika pelanggaran merek tidak terjadi. 28 Dalam gugatan ini, pihak penggugat harus bisa membuktikan bahwa dirinya dirugikan oleh perbuatan tergugat, dan tujuan pemberian ganti adalah untuk menempatkan penggugat pada situasi yang sama seperti sebelum pelanggaran terjadi. Dalam menuntut ganti rugi, pemilik merek yang sah wajib memperinci apa saja kerugian yang diderita termasuk kerugian materiil dan/atau immateriil. 29 Kerugian materiil adalah kerugian ekonomi atas hilangnya keuntungan yang seharusnya diperoleh pemilik merek sah jika tidak ada pelanggaran merek, sedangkan kerugian materiil merupakan kerugian yang berkaitan dengan hal yang tidak dapat diukur dengan angka misalnya rusaknya reputasi merek yang asli apabila barang atau jasa yang menggunakan merek secara tanpa hak tersebut kualitasnya lebih rendah. 30 Dalam ilmu hukum dikenal beberapa kategori dalam hal ganti rugi di antaranya 31 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 479, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Ganti rugi nominal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 494, "width": 364, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ganti rugi nominal yaitu ganti rugi berupa pemberian sejumlah uang, meskipun kerugian sebenarnya tidak bisa dihitung dengan uang, bahkan bisa jadi tidak ada kerugian materiil sama sekali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 560, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Emmy Yuhassarie, Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dan Perkembangannya (Jakarta: Pusat Pengkajian Hukum, 2005), hlm. 22.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 583, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Novita Permata Sari, dan Ni Luh Gede Astariyani, “Pengajuan Gugatan Ganti Rugi Merek Terkenal Berdasarkan Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016”, Kertha Wicara : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 3, (2019): 1-12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 618, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Patrichia Weyni Lasut, “Penyelesaian Sengketa Gugatan atas Pelanggaran Merek menurut Undang-undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis” Jurnal Lex et Societatis 7, no. 1, (2019): 66-75.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 652, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Rahmi Jened, Hukum Merek (Trademark Law) Dalam Era Globalisasi dan Integrasi Ekonomi (Jakarta: Kencana, 2017), hlm. 23.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 675, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Chandra Gita Dewi, Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Merek (Sleman: Deepublish, 2019), hlm. 31.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 698, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Henny Novianti, Joko Sriwidodo dan Sartono “Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Persamaan Hak atas Merek dalam Persaingan Dagang”, Journal of Legal Research 4, no. 2, (2022): 309-328.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Susanti Adi Nugroho, Hukum Persaingan Usaha di Indonesia Dalam Teori dan Praktik serta Penerapan Hukumnya (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2012), hlm. 21 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2139 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 123, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Ganti rugi penghukuman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 138, "width": 364, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ganti rugi penghukuman yaitu suatu ganti rugi dalam jumlah besar yang melebihi dari jumlah kerugian yang sebenarnya, ganti rugi itu dimaksudkan sebagai hukuman bagi si pelaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 182, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Ganti rugi aktual.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 197, "width": 364, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ganti rugi aktual yaitu ganti rugi yang didasarkan atas kerugian yang benar- benar diderita secara aktual dan dapat dihitung dengan mudah sampai ke nilai rupiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 256, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar tuntutan ganti rugi memenuhi syarat sebagai dalil gugatan, maka harus memenuhi 3 (tiga) unsur yaitu 32 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 286, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Merek yang digunakan tergugat mempunyai persamaan pada pokoknya atau pada keseluruhan dengan merek orang lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 315, "width": 193, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Merek orang lain itu sudah terdaftar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 330, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Penggunaan tanpa hak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 360, "width": 399, "height": 310, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kasus pelanggaran merek barang tidak sejenis ganti rugi yang dapat diberikan kepada pemilik merek yang sah adalah ganti rugi immateriil, karena kerugian yang mungkin dapat ditimbulkan dari adanya pelanggaran merek beda jenis adalah rusaknya reputasi merek yang asli atas kualitas barang dari merek tiruan. Immateriil menurut terminologi hukum diartikan “tidak bisa dibuktikan” sehingga kerugian immateriil merupakan kerugian yang diderita akibat perbuatan melawan hukum yang tidak dapat dibuktikan, dipulihkan kembali dan atau menyebabkan terjadinya kehilangan kesenangan hidup sementara, ketakutan, sakit, dan terkejut sehingga tidak dapat dihitung berdasarkan uang. 33 Pada praktiknya di Indonesia hingga sekarang, pemenuhan tuntutan kerugian immateriil diserahkan kepada hakim dengan prinsip ex aequo et bono , hal ini yang kemudian membuat kesulitan dalam menentukan besaran kerugian immateril yang akan dikabulkan karena tolak ukurnya diserahkan kepada subjektivitas hakim yang memutus. Pemenuhan tuntutan ganti kerugian immateriil sering mengalami kendala yang tidak mudah dalam pemenuhannya. Hal ini karena pemohon harus membuktikan dalilnya tersebut yang sudah barang tentu tidak semudah membuktikan kerugian materil. Pada umumnya penderita yang menuntut ganti kerugian harus dapat membuktikan besarnya kerugian. Akan tetapi karena kesulitan pembuktian tersebut, hakim dapat menentukan besarnya kerugian menurut rasa keadilan. Putusan Mahkamah Agung tanggal 23 Mei 1970 Nomor 610 K/SIP/1968 menentukan “meskipun tuntutan ganti kerugian jumlahnya dianggap tidak pantas, sedangkan penggugat tetap pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 689, "width": 400, "height": 68, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 Satino Sulastri, dan Yuliana Yuli, “Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Merek (Tinjauan terhadap Merek Dagang Tupperware Versus Tulipware)”, Jurnal Yuridis 5, no. 1, (2018): 160-172. 33 Rivo Krisna Winastri, Ery Agus Priyono dan Dewi Hendrawati, “Tinjauan Normatif terhadap Ganti Rugi dalam Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum yang Menimbulkan Kerugian Immateriil (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Istimewa Jakarta No. 568/1968.G). Diponegoro Law Journal 6, no. 2, (2017): 1-18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2140 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tuntutannya, hakim berwenang untuk menetapkan berapa pantasnya harus dibayar. Kompensasi ganti kerugian immateriil hanya dapat diklaim jika kerugiannya nyata telah diderita karena mengklaim kompensasi tanpa ada kerugian yang nyata tidak ada artinya. Pemberian kompensasi immateriil dapat dikatakan kompensasi sebagai hukuman (di Amerika Serikat dan Inggris, diizinkan meminta kompensasi kerugian sebagai hukuman bagi pelaku). Hukum di Indonesia tidak mengatur secara pasti besarnya tuntutan ganti rugi immateriil, namun hakim dalam memutus ganti rugi immateriil harus mempertimbangkan kedudukan atau status sosial ekonomi para pihak. 34 Pendapat lain mengenai syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh hakim dalam memberikan pertimbangan suatu putusan dikemukakan oleh Groot sebagai berikut 35 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 277, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hakim harus memberikan pertimbangan terhadap dalil-dalil penting yang dikemukakan oleh para pihak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 307, "width": 382, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fakta-fakta yang dijadikan dasar memutus, harus dikemukakan secara cukup jelas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 336, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pertimbangan hakim harus jelas dan tidak boleh memberi peluang untuk penafsiran yang berbeda-beda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 366, "width": 381, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Hakim harus memberi gambaran yang cukup jelas dan menguraikan secara lengkap mengenai jalan pikirannya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 396, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Dasar alasan dipakai hakim harus dapat membenarkan kesimpulan yang ditarik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 131, "top": 425, "width": 382, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Pertimbangan hukum yang dikemukakan oleh hakim tidak boleh bertentangan satu sama lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 399, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut sistem hukum Belanda, pengadilan dapat memperkirakan kerugian dengan cara yang paling sesuai untuk kasus tertentu. Dalam hal adanya kerugian immateriil, kompensasi akan ditentukan secara adil dan layak oleh pengadilan. 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 529, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 399, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merek merupakan aset berharga dalam dunia bisnis yang memerlukan perlindungan hukum untuk mencegah pelanggaran. Perlindungan merek diatur dalam Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 Tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis, di mana Indonesia menganut prinsip first to file dalam pendaftaran merek, baik untuk barang sejenis maupun tidak sejenis. Dalam kasus pelanggaran merek barang tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 643, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34 Heri Hartanto, dan Anugrah Adiastuti, “Mekanisme Penentuan Ganti Kerugian Terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup”, Jurnal Asosiasi Dosen Hukum Acara Perdata (ADHAPER ) 3, no. 2, (2017): 222-243.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 678, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35 Rai Mantili, “Ganti Kerugian Immateriil terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum dalam Praktik: Perbandingan Indonesia dan Belanda”, Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum De Jure 4, no. 2, (2019): 296-321.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36 Rai Mantili, “Tanggung Jawab Renteng Ganti Kerugian Immateriil atas Perbuatan Melawan Dihubungkan dengan Asas Kepastian Hukum”, Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum 4, no. 1, (2019): 88-111.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2141 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 399, "height": 102, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sejenis, gugatan dapat diajukan ke Pengadilan Niaga dengan tuntutan ganti rugi immateriil. Namun, penentuan besaran kerugian immateriil sering kali menjadi subjektifitas hakim, karena sulitnya pembuktian dan belum adanya ketentuan yang pasti dalam hukum Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, pengadilan dapat memberikan kompensasi immateriil yang adil dan layak berdasarkan kondisi para pihak dan pertimbangan hukum lainnya sehingga mewujudkan keadilan dalam kasus-kasus serupa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2142 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 152, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alexander, Rendy. (2022). Penerapan Prinsip “First to File” pada Konsep Pendaftaran Merek di Indonesia. Jurnal Kertha Semaya . 10(9). 2110-2121.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 182, "width": 399, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aryani, Esti. (2012). Pelanggaran Hak atas Merek dan Mekanismenya di Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 197, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Wacana Hukum . 10(1). 117-132.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 211, "width": 397, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewi, Atika Sandra. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemegang Merek di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Kalam Keadilan . 6(1). 16-29.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewi, Chandra Gita. (2019). Penyelesaian Sengketa Pelanggaran Merek . Sleman: Deepublish.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 271, "width": 400, "height": 117, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Direktorat Jenderal Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Kementerian Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia. (2013). Buku Panduan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual . Tangerang. Donandi, Sujana. (2019). Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual di Indonesia (Intellectual Property Rights Law in Indonesia) . Sleman: Deepublish. Felano, Denny. (2021). Kajian Yuridis atas Kemenangan Merek Lokal Serupa terhadap Merek Terkenal Internasional dalam Kaitannya dengan Paris Convention dan TRIPS serta Nice Agreement. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia . 18(4). 526-540.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 389, "width": 400, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hartanto, Heri dan Anugrah Adiastuti. (2017). Mekanisme Penentuan Ganti Kerugian Terhadap Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Asosiasi Dosen Hukum Acara Perdata (ADHAPER ). 3(2). 222-243.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibrahim, Johnny. 2006. Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif . Malang: Bayumedia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 464, "width": 399, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jened, Rahmi. (2017). Hukum Merek (Trademark Law) Dalam Era Globalisasi dan Integrasi Ekonomi. Jakarta: Kencana.Kaparang, Andhika Richardo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 493, "width": 364, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2024). Penegakan Hukum terhadap Pelanggaran Merek Berdasarkan Ketentuan Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia. 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Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Merek (Tinjauan terhadap Merek Dagang Tupperware Versus Tulipware). Jurnal Yuridis . 5(1). 160-172.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 612, "width": 400, "height": 72, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syafrinaldi, Rani Fadhila dan David Hardiago. (2021). TRIPs Agreement dan Standarisasi Hukum Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Industri di Indonesia. Jurnal UIR Law Review. 5(1). 19-29. Tanjung, Damar Ramadhana, Rinitami Njatrijani & Bagus Rahmanda. (2023). Penerapan Prinsip “First to File” dalam Sengketa Merek Terkenal. Jurnal Law,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 686, "width": 400, "height": 58, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Development & Justice Review . 6(2). 111-128. Undang-undang No. 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Winastri, Rivo Krisna, Ery Agus Priyono dan Dewi Hendrawati. (2017). Tinjauan Normatif terhadap Ganti Rugi dalam Perkara Perbuatan Melawan Hukum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 46, "width": 364, "height": 18, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As- Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 71, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 2 (2024) 2130 - 2144 E-ISSN 2656-8152 P-ISSN 2656-4807 DOI: 10.47476/assyari.v6i2.6972", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 776, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2144 | Volume 6 Nomor 2 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 123, "width": 400, "height": 57, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang Menimbulkan Kerugian Immateriil (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Istimewa Jakarta No. 568/1968.G). Diponegoro Law Journal . 6(2). 1-18. Yuhassarie, Emmy. (2005). Hak Kekayaan Intelektual dan Perkembangannya . Jakarta: Pusat Pengkajian Hukum.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 333, "top": 62, "width": 187, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1, Nomor 2, 2021 ISSN 2809- 6401 (p), 2809-0500 (e) http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/jsq", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 789, "width": 147, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.19109/jsq.v1i2.10384", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 287, "top": 789, "width": 256, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 141, "width": 279, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara: Tinjauan Terhadap QS. Al-Baqarah [2]: 143", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 264, "top": 197, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 185, "top": 210, "width": 245, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 249, "width": 245, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ris’an Rusli Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang ris’[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 307, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 322, "width": 400, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam Nusantara merupakan sebuah tema yang hingga saat ini masih menyimpan tanda tanya besar dan perdebatan di kalangan para pemikir Islam. Tulisan ini mengulas konsep moderat dalam Islam Nusantara dengan tinjauan terhadap QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif- intepretatif, didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa moderat dalam Islam Nusantara menerangkan adanya moderasi Islam yang sangat tepat untuk menjadi wasathiyah dengan melestarikan tradisi-tradisi lokal di Nusantara . Tujuan moderasi Islam Nusantara ini untuk menjaga toleransi dan perdamaian di Nusantara. Peran moderasi berarti Islam telah melengkapi agama semua agama, dalam arti bahwa Islam merupakan agama yang dibawa oleh Nabi sebagai kasih sayang kepada dunia yang tertuang dalam moderasi, toleransi, dan perdamaian, untuk seluruh umat manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 486, "width": 295, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Moderasi, Islam Nusantara, QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 513, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 528, "width": 400, "height": 150, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam Nusantara is a theme that until now still has a big question mark and debate among Islamic thinkers. This paper reviews the concept of moderation in Islam Nusantara with a review of QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143. By using the descriptive-interpretative method, it is concluded that moderate Islam in Nusantara explains the existence of Islamic moderation which is very appropriate to become wasathiyah by preserving local traditions in the archipelago. The purpose of this moderation of Islam Nusantara is to maintain tolerance and peace in the archipelago. The role of moderation means that Islam has completed the religion of all religions, in the sense that Islam is a religion brought by the Prophet as compassion for the world which is contained in moderation, tolerance, and peace, for all mankind.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 678, "width": 300, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Moderation, Islam Nusantara, QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "117 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 102, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 443, "height": 134, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada abad ke-20 ini, umat Islam di Indonesia mulai dihadapkan dengan problematika adanya gagasan baru yang dapat membahayakan aqidah umat, bahkan dapat membawa umat kedalam kekafiran, khususnya masyarakat awam. Di dalam pidatonya, rektor UNIDA, Prof. Dr. Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi, MA, menyampaikan bahwa gerakan ini merupakan metode para Orientalis Barat yang mempengaruhi negara-negara Islam agar tunduk dan mengikuti arus globalisasi ‘ala Barat. 1 Gagasan tersebut bukan lagi sebuah wacana, tetapi sudah menjadi gerakan yang ikut mengubah wajah Islam bahkan peradaban Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 443, "height": 185, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak lain adalah Islam Nusantara, yang secara resmi digaungkan pada tanggal 1 sampai 5 Agustus 2018, dan menjadi tema Muktamar Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) yang ke-33 di Jombang, “Meneguhkan Islam Nusantara untuk peradaban Indonesia dan Dunia”. 2 Hal ini juga disepakati oleh presiden Republik Indonesia yang menyatakan: “Alhamdulillah, Islam Kita Islam Nusantara, Islam yang penuh sopan santun, penuh tata krama dan toleransi”. 3 Juga disampaikan oleh menteri Agama Indonesia 4 yang menyatakan bahwa Islam Nusantara adalah ajaran Islam yang menekankan prinsip-prinsip ajaran yang moderat bersifat toleransi akan keberagaman Indonesia sesuai dengan UUD 1945 dan ideologi pancasila, yang akhirnya menciptakan negara damai dengan karakter budaya lokal yang bervariasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 442, "height": 134, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gagasan tersebut sudah dipopulerkan pada era Gus Dur yang menyatakan “Pribumisasi Islam”. 5 Tujuannya tidak lain untuk mengkolaborasikan antara agama Islam dan budaya pribumi. Dengan alasan bahwa Indonesia memiliki budaya lokal yang sangat beragam, sehingga karakteristik setiap budaya pun juga berbeda. Hal ini menyebabkan metode Islamisasi setiap daerah juga berbeda-beda sesuai karakteristik lokal, 6 dan berujung pada bentuk negosiasi dalam berasimilasi yang saling menerima satu sama lain. Maka, muncullah kegiatan yang berbau agama dengan kolaborasi budaya lokal. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 442, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akhirnya, gagasan ini seakan menjadi nilai atau paradigma bagi para pencetusnya untuk mengubah ideologi Indonesia yang pancasila menjadi khilafiyah Islamiyah , dengan ciri khas Indonesia yang berwatak moderat, toleran,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 647, "width": 392, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Seminar Nasional Fakultas Ushuuddin, UNIDA, Siman, Ponorogo, 18 September 2015.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Akhmad Sahal, Dari Ushul Fiqh hingga faham kebangsaan, Kenapa Islam Nusantara, (Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2016), 16.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 685, "width": 413, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Muhammd Guntur Romli, Islam Kita Islam Nusantara, (Tangerang: Ciputat School, 2016), 17.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 440, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Lihat: https://www.kemenag.go.id/berita/296936/menag-suarakan-islam-nusantara-di- frankfurt, diakses: 18/11/2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Abdullah Ubaid, Nasionalisme dan Islam Nusantara , (Jakarta: Kompas, 2015), xi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 441, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Azyumardi Azra, Jaringan Global dan Lokal Islam Nusantara, (Bandung: Mizan Pustaka, 2002), 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 179, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Abdullah Ubaid, Nasionalisme dan..., xi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "118 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ramah. Seperti ungkapan presiden Indonesia yang ke-dua “Indonesia adalah negerinya muslim moderat” 8 atau Indonesia dengan mayoritas umat Muslim harus mampu menciptakan watak moderat yang khas agar menjadi acuan bagi seluruh Muslim di dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 443, "height": 220, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan landasan bahwa Islam Nusantara memiliki karakteristik yang moderat atau selalu mencari jalan tengah sehingga tidak radikal bahkan tidak ekstrim. 9 Maka, muncullah bentuk pro dan kontra dari landasan tersebut yang menyatakan bahwa, Islam Nusantara hanya merupakan gagasan untuk mengkotak-kotakkan Islam, anti Arab, dan mirip dengan metode yang dilakukan kelompok JIL (Jaringan Islam Liberal). 10 Hal tersebut seakan bertujuan untuk membendung gerakan wahabi yang sudah menjamin eksistensi budaya lokal, yang tidak bertentangan dengan nilai Islam. Sedangkan Islam adalah agama yang bersifat universal, karena ia adalah agama yang rahmatan lil’alamin 11 sesuai dengan al-Qur’an yang artinya: “Kami tiada mengutus rasul-rasul sebelum kamu (Muhammad), melainkan untuk menjadi rahmat bagi alam semesta” (QS. al-Anbiya’ [21]: 7). Ayat ini mengandung arti bahwa agama dengan rahmat bagi seluruh umat, tanpa memandang ras, status sosial, atau budaya tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 443, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun bentuk dari rahmat bagi seluruh umat dalam Islam adalah bersikap moderat yang mencakup inklusif serta toleran yang ramah dan cinta kedamaian. Hal ini terbukti dalam al-Qur’an yang artinya: “Dan demikian pula kami telah menjadikan kamu umat islam, umat yang adil dan pilihan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas perbuatan manusia dan agar rasul (Muhammad) menjadi saksi atas perbuatan kamu (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143) .” Dari uraian di atas menunjukkan, bahwa Islam adalah agama yang moderat dengan segala perbedaan yang ada pada kehidupan manusia, baik dari segi agama, derajat sosial, bahkan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indoneisa, moderat memiliki arti menghindar dari perilaku yang ekstrim ke arah dimensi atau jalan tengah. 12 Makna lain Islam moderat adalah kelompok masyarakat dengan visi dan misi yang sama menjunjung tinggi toleransi serta perdamaian sesuai dengan ajaran agama Islam. 13 Di dalam journal INJECT (Interdiciplinary Journal of Communication) tertulis, bahwa moderat yaitu “Menyelaraskan antara kekhasan individual yang dimiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Toto Suharto, “ Indonesianisasi Islam: Penguatan Islam Moderat Dalam Lembaga Pendidikan Islam Di Indonesia”, al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2017, 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 445, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Mohamad Guntur Romli, Islam kita Islam Nusantara , (Tanggerang: Ciputat School, 2016), 68.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Akhmad Sahal, Dari Ushul Fiqh..., 16.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Habibi Muhammad Luthfi, Islam Nusantara: Relasi Islam dan Budaya Lokal , Shahih, Vol. 1, No. 1, Januari-Juni, 2016, 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Tim penyususn Kamus Pusat Bahasa , Kamus Bahasa Indonesia , (Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa, 2008), 67.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 388, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Sri Yunanto, Islam Moderat vs Islam Radikal, (Yogyakarta: Media Pressindo, 2018), xxv.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "119 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "oleh masing-masing umat dan bangsa, dengan keutamaan atau keburukan yang terjadi pada semua umat dan bangsa. 14 Ajaran Islam yang moderat atau wasathiyah yaitu prinsip pertengahan, adil, berimbang dan tidak berlebihan dalam ajaran Islam. 15 Dengan demikian, term moderat adalah sebuah penekanan bahwa Islam sangat membenci kekerasan, karena berdasarkan catatan sejarah, tindak kekerasan akan melahirkan kekerasan baru. Padahal, Islam diturunkan Allah adalah sebagai rahmat bagi seluruh masyarakat dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu, tulisan ini akan mengulas sedikit lebih jauh konsep moderat dalam Islam Nusantara yang ditendensikan berdasarkan QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143. Tujuannya untuk mengungkap apakah konsep moderat gerakan Islam Nusantara, serta apa respon atau kritikan moderat dalam Qur’an terhadap Islam Nusantara. Dengan begitu, penulis akan menitik-fokuskan studi pada dua hal, yakni mengungkapkan makna moderat ( wasathiyah ) Islam Nusantara, serta kritikan dalam Islam dengan moderat Islam Nusantara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 443, "height": 169, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini termasuk kategori penulisan kepustakaan ( library research ), yaitu penulisan yang dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan literatur (kepustakaan), baik berupa buku, catatan, maupun laporan hasil penulisan dari penulisan terdahulu. 16 Hal ini disebabkan karena unsur-unsur yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini berupa bahan-bahan tekstual, seperti buku, makalah, jurnal, dan sumber-sumber pustaka lainnya. 17 Dilihat dari aspek subjek matter -nya, menurut M. Atho Mudzar, penulisan ini dapat dikategorikan dalam penulisan budaya. Penulisan budaya merupakan sebuah model penulisan yang memiliki konsen terhadap pemikiran, nilai-nilai, dan ide budaya sebagai produk berpikir manusia. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data-data yang dirujuk dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan teknik studi dokumentasi, yakni dengan melihat berbagai data yang berbentuk dokumen tertulis, baik data primer maupun data sekunder. Setelah data-data relevan terkumpul, maka selanjutnya dilakukan uji keabsahan data untuk menilai keaslian dan kelayakan data-data tersebut dijadikan sebgai rujukan. Maka metode yang digunakan oleh penulis ada dua. Pertama, metode Interpretasi, di mana penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Hanum Jazimah Puji Astuti, “Islam Nusantara: Sebuah Argumentasi Beragam Dalam Bingkai Kultural” , Journal INJECT, Vol 2, No 1, Juni 2017, 29.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Rohmadi, Al-Wasatiyyah fil Islam Menurut Yusuf Al-Qaradawi dan Refleksi Kritis Terhadap Ekstremisme, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2012, ix.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 M. Iqbal Hasan, Pokok-Pokok Materi Penulisan dan Aplikasinya , (Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia, 2002), 339", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 341, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Masri Singarimbun, Metodologi Penulisan Survey, (Jakarta: LP3ES, 1989), 45.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 747, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 M. Aatho Mudzar, Pendekatan Studi Islam dalam Teori dan Praktek, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 1992), 37.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "120 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyelami isi buku dan sedapat mungkin menangkap arti dan makna yang dimaksud. Kedua, metode Deskriptif, adalah pemaparan yang sistematis, faktual, dan akurat mengenai naskah dengan cara deduksi maupun induksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 200, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengertian Moderat (Wasathiyah)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata moderat berasal dari bahasa Araba, wasathiyah, yang saat ini sudah bukan kata asing lagi. Studi tentang frasa ini sudah sejak kurang lebih satu abad. 19 Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa wasathiyah berdampak besar bagi kehidupan masyarakat saat ini. Jika dilihat secara bahasa, wasathiyah sendiri berasal dari kata wasath yang berarti moderat atau medium. Makna kata wasath di dalam kamus Lisanul Arab bermakna pertengahan atau di antara kedua ujung. Arti lainnya yakni al-wasthu dengan harakat sin sukun yang berartikan nama suatu tempat ataupun zaman. Terdapat pula arti lain yang menunjukkan bahwa ia adalah sifat awsathis- syai’ atau pertengahan yakni yang paling utama. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 443, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di dalam kamus Munjid, wasathiyah berasal dari kata wasatha-yasithu- wasthan-wasithathan, yang bermakna al-makan aw al-qaum atau diartikan duduk di antara keduanya, wasatha al-qoum atau pertengahan antara kebenaran dan keadilan. Wasutha - yasithu atau diartikan suatau yang mulia, dan tawassath al-qaum bermakna berdiri sebagai penengah dan pembenar. 21 Sedangkan wasath dalam kamus Wasith bermakna penggerak dari segala sesuatu atau yang paling adil. Juga bermakna wasathahum aw wasith yaitu tempat yang paling tengah atau pertengahan di antara dua kerumunan. 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 443, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata wasath juga memiliki istilah lainnya yakni al-qisth, tawazun, wal i’tidal. 23 Al-qisth bermakna adil, 24 tawazun berarti keseimbangan, 25 dan i’tidal beartikan mediasi antara dua hal ataupun banyak hal. Singkatnya, wasth berati suatu keadilan dalam jalan kebenaran, tanpa ada condong kebagian atas ataupun bawah. Seperti yang dipikiran para pakar teoritis yang berbeda-beda pendapat, maka makna wasathiyah pun berbeda. Namun, perbedaan ini sangat menonjol khusunya pada para pemikir Muslim dan Barat, di antaranya oleh Yusuf al- Qardhawi berasaskan al-Qur’an yakni di dalam firman Allah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, Misykat , (Jakarta: INSIST, 2012), 133.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Muhammad bin Makram bin Ali Jamuluddin Ibn Mandzur, Lisanul Arab, (Beirut: Dar Shodir, 1414 H), Juz XV, 426-428.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 390, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Louis bin Naquil Dzhahir Ma’luf, Munjid , (Beirut-Libanon: Dar al-Masyriq, 2005) 900.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 439, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Majiduddin Abu Thahir Muhammad bin Ya’qub Al-Fairuz Abadi, Al-Qamus al-Muhit, (Beirut-Libanon, Percetakan Risalah, 1426 h), , Juz I, 692.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Ibn Mandzur, Lisanul Arab., 377.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 202, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Al-Fairuz Abadi, Al-Qamus Al-Muhit, 1238.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 279, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Ibrahim Musthafa, Mu’jam Wasith , (Kairo: Dar Da’wah), 588.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "121 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 92, "width": 32, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "َكِلَذَكَو", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 92, "width": 407, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "اًديِهَش ْمُكْيَلَع ُلوُسَّرلا َنوُكَيَو ِساَّنلا ىَلَع َءاَدَهُش اوُنوُكَتِل اًطَسَو ًةَّمُأ ْمُكاَنْلَعَج “Dan demikian (pula) kami Telah menjadikan kamu (umat Islam), umat yang adil dan pilihan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) manusia dan agar Rasul (Muhammad) menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) kamu.“ (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 443, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ibn Jarir al-Thabari, al-wasth bermakna di antara kedua tepi atau suatu keadilan. 26 Adapun wasth adalah sebab suatu pertengahan dalam agama tanpa ada berlebihan seperti Nasrani dalam peribadatannya, tanpa ada pengurangan seperti Yahudi yang mengganti kitab Allah dan memalingkannya, akan tetapi menjadi suatu pertengahan dan adil di antara keduanya. Adapun penekanan di sini bahwa Islam menjadi penengah baik dari segi aqidah, ibadah ataupun muamalah di antara manusia, dan hukum-hukum dalam suatu kehidupan masyarakat. 27 Dari pandangan ini menunjukkan bahwa wasathiyah sejatinya telah dimulai sejak munculnya Islam itu sendiri dan bukan suatu ide baru di era kontemporer saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 443, "height": 134, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun wasthiyha menurut al-Ashafahani diartikan sebagai antara dua ujung ataupun letak suatu keadilan tanpa ada kelebihan dan kekurangan. 28 Adapun wasth menurut Ibn ‘Asyur di dalam al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir, mengartikan secara bahasa sebagai suatu sifat pertengahan di antara dua bentuk. Sedangkan secara istilah yakni nilai-nilai Islam berasas atas akal yang sehat tanpa berlebihan. 29 Merujuk pada QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143 di atas, al-Jazairi memahami redaksi ummatan wasathan dengan memberi makna umat pilihan dan suatu keadilan dengan penunjuk ke jalan yang lurus. 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 491, "width": 443, "height": 100, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas, disebutkan bahwa wasatahiyah merupakan sifat yang terpuji tanpa ada kecondongan ke-sifat ushuli serta berlebihan pada batasan- batasan Allah. Adapun wasathiyan sendiri adalah sifat yang diberikan Allah khusus umat muslim, yaitu ketika suatu umat istiqamah dalam menjalankan perintah Allah. Sifat ini juga menjadi standar suatu moderasi, baik dalam hal muamalah sesama manusia di dunia ataupun di dalam agamanya di akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 443, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka wasathiyah menjadi suatu ciri khas bagi Muslim tanpa mengikuti agama lainnya, yakni bersikap moderat ketika berdakwah dan bersifat toleransi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Abu Ja’far Ibn Jarir al-Thabari, Jami’ul Bayan fi Ta’wilil Qur’an, (Tt.p: Risalah, 1420 H), Juz XXIV, 142.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 672, "width": 368, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Yusuf Qardhawi, Islam Jalan Tengah , Terj. Alwi A.M, (Bandung: Mizan, 2017), 22.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Abu Qasim al-Husain bin Muhammad al-Ma’ruf Bi al-Raghib Al-Asfahani, Tafsir al-Raghib Al-Asfahaniy, (Fakultas Sastra- Universitas Tanta, 1420 H) Juz I, 612.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Muhammad Thahir Ibn ‘Asyur, al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir, (Tunis: Percetakan Tunis, 1984 H), 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Jabir bin Musa Abu Bakar Al-Jazairi, Aisar Tafasir Li Kalam al-‘Aliyi al-Kabir, (Madinatul Munawwaroh, Perpustakaan Ulum dan Hikam, 1424 H), Juz V, 125.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "122 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 445, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menentang suatu hal yang berlebihan, serta bersifat radikal ataupun fundamental. Radikalisme dalam arti memahami Islam dengan nafsu dan logika murni, karena cenderung tidak ilmiah. Moderasi Islam berartikan penolakan ekstrimisme dalam bentuk tirani dan kepalsuan, dan inilah sifat manusia yang benar dan sehat yakni belum tercampur unsur-unsur negatif dalam suatu pemahaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 190, "width": 218, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sejarah Munculnya Islam Nusantara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 207, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejarah munculnya Islam Nusantara di Indonesia, menurut Rizem Aizid, berdasarkan tiga hal. 31 Pertama , bahwa Islam datang di bawa oleh kaum Gujarat di abad ke 13 Masehi. Sebab demikian, karena pedagang Gujarat menyiarkan Islam ditengah-tengah perdagangan mereka ketika di Nusantara. Dengan dalil adanya batu nisan atas nama Sultan Muhith, Raja Syalhi di mana beliau dari daerah Gujarat. 32 Teori pertama ini didukung oleh tokoh Barat lainnya, Marco Polo, seorang penjajah dari Italia. Ketika berhenti di Perlak pada tahun 1929, ia menyatakan bahwa banyak orang Gujarat yang masuk Islam dan berapa banyak orang India yang mengajarkan ajaran Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 361, "width": 443, "height": 186, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, teori Mekkah. Ini didukung oleh sejarawan Indonesia termasuk Naquib al-Attas, Hamka, A. Hasji, dan Muhammad Yunus Jamil. Menurut Hamka, bahwa daerah Arab ada sejak kekhilafahan abad ke-7 dan berkembang pesat pada abad ke-13 sehingga dapat membentuk politik Islam. 33 Toeri kedua ini telah menjadi tolak-belakang dengan teori sebelumnya yang mengatakan bahwa Islam dibawa oleh orang India melalui perdagangan. Ketiga, teori Persia. Yang sepakat dengan teori Gujarat bahwa Islam telah ada sejak abad ke-13 dari Muharram. Tetapi yang membawa teori ini adalah bangsa Persia dengan bukti adanya kesamaan 10 Muharram atau Asyura, yang disepakati oleh syekh-syekh di Iran. 34 Maka, tidak ada keraguan bahwa teori ini dibawa oleh para masayikh Iran dan juga kelompok Syiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari ketiga teori ini pun dapat diperjelas bahwa Indonesia sendiri belum menerima nilai-nilai Islami secara langsung, akan tetapi secara lokalisasi sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Nusantara. Islam dalam hal ini telah dieksplorisasi sesuai dengan konteks lokalnya 35 . Oleh karena itu, jelas bahwa Islam Nusantara adalah bentuk budaya untuk nilai Islam dengan budaya lokal Nusantara. Istilah-istilah ini dapt dibuktikan dengan gerakan yang sudah terorganisisr, yakni ketika Jamaah Nahdatul Ulama (NU) sebagai salah satu jamaah yang besar di Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 335, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 Rizem Aizid, Sejarah Islam Nusantara, (Yogyakarta: DIVA Press, 2016), 21.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 193, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 Rizem Aizid, Sejarah Islam Nusantara ., 21.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33 Nur Khalik Ridwan, Gerakan Islam Kultural, (Yogyakarta: Jamaah Nahdiyin Mataram, 2015), 15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 152, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34 Rizem Aizid, Sejarah Islam..., 21.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 355, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35 Abdullah Ubaid, Nasionalisme dan Islam Nusantara , (Jakarta: Kompas, 2015) , xi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "123 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membumingkan suatu konferensi bertema Islam Nusantara di dalam Muktamarnya yang dilaksanakan di Jombang dengan tema “ Meneguhkan Islam Nusantara untuk Peradaban Indonesia dan Dunia”. 36 Istilah ini-pun bukan istilah yang baru, tetapi juga sudah pernah dilontarkan pula oleh ketua PBNU KH. Said Aqil Siroj, yakni pada acara Istighotsah persiapan Ramadhan dan Pembukaan Konferensi Nasional bagi jamaah NU pada Ahad 14 Juni 2015 di masjid Istiqlal Jakarta. 37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 443, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah Islam Nusantara sebelumnya dikenal dengan sebutan Pribumisasi Islam pada masa periode Gus Dur dengan maksud sama, yaitu mengadopsi Islam dan disesuaikan dengan budaya lokal. 38 Kemudian berkembang menjadi istilah Islam di Nusantara dan akhirnya terpopuler dengan istilah Islam Nusanatara. Dalam acara Istighatsah menyambut Ramadhan dan pembukaan muktamar NU, bahwa presiden ketujuh saat itu menyatakan bahwa Islam Nusantara adalah Islam yang sangat beradab dan penuh toleransi. 39 Menteri agama saat itu juga menyatakan bahwa Islam Nusantara adalah ajaran Islam yang menegakkan prinsip moderat, toleran, tanpa mengklaim keabsahan agama lainnya, yang bersatu dalam keberagaman Bhineka Tunggal Ika, sesuai dengan UUD 1945, dan ideologi Pancasila di bawah NKRI. 40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 442, "height": 169, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di waktu lain, KH. Said Aqil Siraj mengenalkan Islam Nusantara dengan Islam yang sosial dengan budaya, tidak terlalu keras dan sulit dalam penyesuaian dengan budaya Indonesia karena advokasi melalui adopsi budaya, sangat menghargai budaya, dan sangat jauh berbeda dengan Islam Arab yang selalu bertentangan dengan sama saudara Muslim, bahkan adanya perang saudara. 41 Sedangkan menurut Ali Masykur di dalam bukunya Islam Nusantara , ia menekankan bahwa Islam Nusantara itu Islam dengan pendekatan budaya, dan bukan menentang budaya bahkan menanamkan nilai Islami dengan unsur kebudayaan. Dengan menjaga budaya lokal, juga diikuti teks dan konteks Islami sendiri sesuai dengan ajaran Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 443, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pernyataan yang ada, belum ada kepastian akan suatu makna Islam Nusanatara. Hal ini dikarenakan perbedaan pendapat para tokoh-tokoh yang ada. Perkembangan Islam Nusantara berevolusi melalui fakta, bahwa budaya telah dikembangkan dengan karakteristik yang khas toleransi, perdamaian, kerukunan, serta juga persaudaraan. Oleh karena itu, gerakan ini merupakan perwujudan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 335, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36 Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara.., 9. 37 Abi Attabi’, Antologi Islam Nusantara , (Yogyakarta: Aswaja Pressindo), iii.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 146, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38 Guntur Romli , Islam Kita..., 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 183, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39 Abdullah Ubaid, Nasionalisme dan..., xi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40 Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara..., 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41 Guntur Romli, Islam Kita..., 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "124 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam yang bersifat universal Islam sehingga Islam mejadi benar untuk setiap waktu dan tempat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 443, "height": 168, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diperjelas pula dari pembahasan sebelumnya bahwa secara bahasa dari kata al-wasath berartikan kebaikan, keadilan, kemuliaan, dan segala bahasa dengan artian yang sama. Adapun dari perkataan ulama dan sebagian mufassir menjelaskan tanpa ada kecondongan antara wasth dan wasathiyah , maka bagi seluruh wasathiyah bermakna wasath , dan tidak disetiap wasath memiliki bukti atas wasathiyah -nya. Dari penjelasan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman wasathiyah tidak diketahui tanpa memahami dasarnya. Sedangkan segala hal yang berlebihan maka disebut keluar dari batas wasathiyah , segala hal yang terlalu kurang juga disebut bertentangan dengan batas wasathiyah . Sementara jalan yang lurus sangat sesuai dengan nilai wasathiyah bahkan lebih tinggi derajatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 298, "width": 443, "height": 117, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wasathiyah di Islam Nusantara sesuai dengan ajaran para ulama terdahulu dengan menjaga ajaran lokal untuk menarik perhatian penduduk lokal di Nusantara agar menerima ajaran Islam dan menjaga persatauan antar masyarakat. Oleh karena itulah muncul bentuk bacaan Qur’an dengan logat Jawa, dan pemuliaan baju-baju adat Jawa berbanding dengan Timur Tengah. Dengan begitu dimaksudkan agar Islam Nusantara menjadi patokan gambaran Islam di tempat- tempat lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Konsep Moderat Islam Nusantara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 447, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan moderat di Islam Nusantara, berdasarkan kesepakatan ulama Ushul Fiqh bahwa Syariat Islam adalah langsung dari perintah Allah yang bertujuan sebagai maslahat dan pencegahan suatu bahaya bagi hambanya dengan jalan maqasid syariah . 42 Maka, tidak salah bahwa para mujtahidin terdahulu banyak memfatwakan pembahasan-pembahasan dengan mencari ayat-ayat syariah dan hukum-hukum yang berlaku darinya, di mana dari sana terbentuklah suatu hukum dari perkara yang dibahas. Dari suatu bahasan akan terbentuk dari hasil kaidah syariah, yang di dalamnya terdapat maksud yang harus dilaksanakan, yakni penekanan suatu manfaat dalam suatu ilmu dan akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 443, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Maslahat adalah suatu kebaikan dan manfaatnya akan terbentuk dalam pelaksanaan kulliyat-al-khams atau lima prinsip dasar, 43 yakni hifdzu al-din, hifdzu al-nafs, hifdzu al-nasl, hifdzu al-aql, dan hifdzu al-mal. Adapun Islam Nusantara sendiri meyakini konsep lima prinsip dasar tersebut yang tercermin dalam ideologi Indonesia. 44 Dalam konteks pembahasan ini, Allah telah menurunkan firman-firman-Nya yang menyatakan bahwa Islam memiliki konsep moderasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42 Muhammad Nashiruddin, “ Ta’lil Ahkam dan Pembaruan Ushul Fiqh”, Journal Ahkam, Vol. XV, (2015), 21.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 152, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43 Abi Attabi’, Antologi Islam..., 71. 44 Abi Attabi’, Antologi Islam..., 75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "125 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam segala hal, baik keyakinan, peribadatan, sikap etika, perilaku, serta dalam segi hukum sosial tanpa ada ekstrimisasi. 45 Ini tertuang dalam penjelasan QS. al- Maidah [5]: 87;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 144, "width": 349, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "َنيِذَّلا اَهُّ يَأَيَ ََّللَّا َّنِإ اوُدَتْعَ ت َلََو ْمُكَل َُّللَّا َّلَحَأ اَم ِتاَبِ يَط اوُمِ رَُتُ َلَ اوُنَمآ َنيِدَتْعُعْلا ُُّ ُِحِ َلَ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 171, "width": 407, "height": 47, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu haramkan apa-apa yang baik yang Telah Allah halalkan bagi kamu, dan janganlah kamu melampaui batas. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang melampaui batas.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 443, "height": 219, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Islam Nusantara, ia memiliki beberapa metodologi dalam menyelidiki konsep moderasinya, yaitu dengan menggunakan istilah “menjaga dan mengambil” maqasid syariah . 46 Cara ini digunakan untuk mencapai peran agama sebagai budaya di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, Islam Nusantara cukup identik dengan adat istiadat atau tradisi sebagai aturan normatif umum tentang metode dalam konsep moderat. 47 Di antara subjeknya adalah imamat yang dibentuk untuk menyukseskan nubuwat yang imamat dalam penjagaan agama dan kebijakan dunia, diperbaiki dengan adat sebagaimana diperbaiki oleh teks, kerusakan tidak dapat hilang dengan kerusakan, jika menyempit suatu perkara akan melebar dan jika melebar akan menyempit, untuk mencegah kejahatan yang diutamakan dari mencari keselamatan, untuk turun ke realitas yang lebih tinggi pada seusatu yang ideal, di rumah selama mereka berada di rumah mereka, lingkungan mereka selama mereka berada di lingkungan mereka. 48", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 443, "height": 116, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian, Islam adalah agama yang menengah yang melarang tindakan ekstremis, baik di bidang iman, sikap, perilaku, perlakuan manusia atau undang-undang. 49 Moderasi Islam menolak umatnya baik secara kesluruhan ataupun individual dan menjaga dari hal yang berbentuk ekstrim, menyerukan makna keadilan, moderasi, integritas, keseimbangan dan rasa hormat terhadap yang lain yang dianjurkan oleh Islam, serta menyerukan penolakan gambar kekerasan, kekejaman, kemarahan, balas dendam dan terorisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 443, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karenanya moderasi dalam persepsi dan keyakinan, tidak terlalu memihak secara ruh atau materi. Moderat dalam bentuk koordinat dan teratur, tidak meninggalkan seluruh hidup untuk perasaan dan hati nurani, juga tidak menyerahkannya kepada undang-undang dan disiplin, sebagaimana firman Allah dalam QS. al-Nahl [16]: 126 berikut ini;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 662, "width": 268, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "َنيِرِباَّصلِل ٌرْ يَخ َوَُلَ ُْتُْرَ بَص ْنِئَلَو ِهِب ْمُتْ بِقوُع اَم ِلْثِِبِ اوُبِقاَعَ ف ْمُتْ بَ قاَع ْنِإَو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 201, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45 Sholih Habibullah, Wasathiyah Al-Islam , 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46 Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara Dari..., 16.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "47 Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara Dari..., 61.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "48 Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara Dari..., 66.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "49 Yusuf Qardhawi, Islam Jalan…, 22.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "126 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 92, "width": 407, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Dan jika kamu memberikan balasan, maka balaslah dengan balasan yang sama dengan siksaan yang ditimpakan kepadamu. Akan tetapi jika kamu bersabar, sesungguhnya Itulah yang lebih baik bagi orang-orang yang sabar.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika pendekatan budaya terhadap syariah yang membuat Islam di Nusantara lebih moderat bukanlah ajaran Islam Nusantara khususnya, tetapi telah menjadi ciri umum advokasi Islam di berbagai daerah di dunia. 50 Karena sikap Islam terhadap tradisi dan budaya lokal, hanya dijelaskan dalam kajian ilmu pengetahuan Ushul Fiqh dengan jalan yang jelas. Moderasi bagi pemikir Muslim Hamed Fahmy Zarkshi, merupakan sebuah keseimbangan antara teks dan konteks. 51 Moderasi tidak boleh cenderung pada konteks situasi atau lingkungan politik dan melampaui teks. Kewenangan adat atau maslahat lebih dipilih, dan lebih cenderung mengkontekstualisasikan situasi tanpa teks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 383, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Moderat dalam Islam Nusantara Berasaskan QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana penjelasan dimuka, bahwa moderat berasal dari kata wasathiyah yang bertendensikan QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 372, "width": 407, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "َكِلَذَكَو اًديِهَش ْمُكْيَلَع ُلوُسَّرلا َنوُكَيَو ِساَّنلا ىَلَع َءاَدَهُش اوُنوُكَتِل اًطَسَو ًةَّمُأ ْمُكاَنْلَعَج “Dan demikian (pula) kami Telah menjadikan kamu (umat Islam), umat yang adil dan pilihan agar kamu menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) manusia dan agar Rasul (Muhammad) menjadi saksi atas (perbuatan) kamu.“", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 446, "height": 152, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moderasi dalam ayat tersebut berarti bagi seluruh umat Islam, yakni mengikuti ajaran Nabi Muhammad SAW sebagai akhir dari para Nabi dan pelengkap ajaran Islam. 52 Maknanya adalah umat pertengahan merupakan umat yang mengikuti ajaran Rasulullah, sehingga menjadi umat yang moderat, umat yang adil, pertengahan, yang terpilih sebaik-baik umat. Moderasi di sini dapat dimaknai sebagai karakteristik yang utama dalam kehidupan, yang terdiri dari tiga makna dasar bagi manusia, yaitu sebagai hakim, tegas dalam kehidupan, dan keberanian. Seluruh karakteristik ini, harus bersifat pertengahan tanpa berlebihan, yang berarti ekstremisme dalam fundamentalisme dan radikalisme. 53", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam sebagai umat yang akrab dengan moderasi dalam pikiran dan perasaan mereka adalah umat Islam yang tidak menafikan apa yang mereka ketahui, bukan umat yang menentang penelitian ilmiah dan pengetahuan lainnya. Bukan pula umat yang bersikap tengah yang mengikuti segala sesuatu yang berasal dari segala seuatu, tetapi juga memiliki filosofi dan prinsip-prinsip", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 186, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50 Yusuf Qardhawi, Islam Jalan…, 62. 51 Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, Misykat ..., 183.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 173, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52 Sayyid Qutub, Fi Dzilalil Qur’an, 158.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 169, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53 Sabri Mide, Ummatan Wasatan... , 78.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "127 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 134, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kehidupan. Tujuannya bukan untuk menolak secara langsung, melainkan untuk mengamati dan memeriksa sebelum menolaknya. Dalam kehidupan seorang Muslim juga memiliki sistem dan pandangan hidup. Muslim tidak hanya mematuhi hati nurani, tetapi juga memiliki perilaku dan syariah dalam hidup. Tetapi umat wasathan menyeimbangkan hati nurani dengan hukum Allah, dengan referensi dan ajaran dengan menyesuaikan sistem masyarakat pada umumnya. sistem yang bukan pendahuluan atau wahyu langsung, tetapi sistem wahyu dengan menjalankan sesuai ajaran. 54", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 443, "height": 220, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berkenaan dengan konsep moderasi Islam di bidang fiqh atau syariah, benar bahwa dalam beberapa metode Islam diajarkan tentang kepentingan umum. Dalam buku Islam Nusantara dari asal usul fiqh hingga nasionalisme, metode yang digunakan oleh Abdul Muqsit al-Ghazali, yakni maslahah, maqasid syariah , kelima prinsip dasar dan ada beberapa aturan lainnya. 55 Tetapi dari aturan sebelumnya yang identik dengan konsep adat dan metodenya, menghasilkan standar penilaian menggunakan adat dengan menjelaskan aturan secara umum tanpa benar-benar menjelaskan kinerja aturan. Contohnya adalah dalam konsep melestarikan yang lama dan memperkenalkan yang baru, tanpa menjelaskan cara mengesahkan undang-undang baru tentang adat istiadat. Aturan apa yang harus dipenuhi ketika menjadi tradisi lokal sebagai dasar hukum yang dapat diterima, antara banyak tradisi di Nusantara dan budaya, dan bagaimana mereka dapat digunakan sebagai argumen dalam hukum Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 442, "height": 185, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semua itu seolah-olah metode Nusantara sendiri melupakan peran al- Qur’an dan sunnah dalam teks-teks usulan, terutama dalam menentukan maslahah dan kerusakan. Seolah-olah ada masalah baru, itu harus diselesaikan dan ketika terjadi kerusakan harus ditinggalkan. Dengan kata lain, kelima prinsip dasar tadi dapat diselesaikan dengan teks-teks agama dari al-Qur’an dan sunnah, karena masalah diperlakukan atas dasar kepentingan bersama. Jika suatu kepentingan tadi bertentangan dengan teks al-Qur’an dan sunnah di bidang muamalah dan adat istiadat berubah dengan mengubah maslahahnya, maka maslahah tadi adalah lebih uatama dari yang lain, dan ini tidak dapat dikatakan oleh bertentangan dalam teks semata namun juga gagasan pikiran. 56 Sebaliknya, juga menerapkan banyak bagian yang menunjukkan perlunya menjaga hal ini. 57", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 443, "height": 49, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Itulah sebabnya kadang-kadang pandangan yang samar muncul dari beberapa pembawa Islam Nusantara, seperti memotong tangan bagi pencuri yang tidak wajib, karena yang penting adalah bahwa hukuman yang terkait dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 722, "width": 191, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54 Sayyid Qutub, Fi dzilalil Qur’an, 158-159.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55 Husein Muhammad, Islam Nusantara Dari..., 107.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 747, "width": 274, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56 Nashiruddin, “Ta’lil Ahkam dan Pembaruan Ushul Fiqh”.., 26.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 759, "width": 240, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57 Abdul Maqsith Ghazali, Islam Nusantara Dari..., 106.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "128 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebabkan efek jera. Ini merupakan bentuk bertindak dalam teori berdasarkan sesuatu penyebabnya dengan maqasid dan maslahah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 443, "height": 203, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa uraian di atas termasuk bertindak dalam teori berdasarkan sesuatu yang bergantung pada maqasid dan maslahah. Contoh lain dalam hukum suatu pezina adalah rajam sebagai balasan bagi pelaku untuk mencegah dan memperbaikinya, dan akhirnya mengganti aturan dengan undang-undang lain atas dasar tujuan syariah dan maslahah. Sementara batas hukum dalam Islam tidak dipandang dengan satu jalan, seperti menyangkal hukum memotong tangan dan rajam berdasarkan tujuan “ hifdzu al-nafs” (menjaga diri), meskipun memotong tangan pelaku adalah bentuk reformis yang digambarkan dalam “ hifdzu al-mal” bagi orang lain, dan ini juga tujuannya. Termasuk hifdzu al-nafs dan hifdzu al-ardh , yang menjaga kehidupan dan menghormati orang lain yang mungkin berniat melakukannya. Agar tidak mencuri, misalnya, banyak melakukan perzinahan dan membunuh dengan batasan yang dianggap reaksi dan bukan tindakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 443, "height": 168, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam bukanlah agama seperti semua agama lain, tetapi komprehensif: baik dari kepercayaan, masyarakat, negara, dan berbagai sistem ekonomi, politik dan moralitas, dan keistimewaan Islam sendiri bahwa Islam memandang secara keseluruhan, bukan memecah belah kehidupan tetapi memandangnya secara keseluruhan. Moderasi Islam tidak hanya merupakan karakteristik yang khas, tetapi juga salah satu ciri khas terbesar umat Islam, yang Allah sebut sebagai “umat yang moderat” yang harus dipertahankan setiap kali penyimpangan darinya terjadi dalam masyarakat Islam. Secara intelektual atau perilaku, umat moderat harus mempertahankan moderasinya dalam iman, moralitas, undang- undang dan perilaku terhadap ekstremisme dalam bentuk apa-pun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 62, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 443, "height": 151, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pemaparan yang cukup singkat di atas, penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa konsep moderat dalam Islam Nusantara dengan berdasarkan QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 143 menerangkan moderasi Islam Nusantara sangat tepat untuk menjadi wasathiyah dengan melestarikan tradisi lokal di Nusantara . Tujuan moderasi Islam Nusantara ini untuk menjaga toleransi dan perdamaian di Nusantara. Peran moderasi berarti Islam telah melengkapi agama semua agama, dalam arti bahwa Islam merupakan agama yang dibawa oleh Nabi sebagai kasih sayang kepada dunia yang tertuang dalam moderasi, toleransi, dan perdamaian, untuk seluruh umat manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "129 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 114, "width": 443, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abadi, Majiduddin Abu Thahir Muhammad bin Ya’qub Al-Fairuz. Al-Qamus Al- Muhit. Beirut-Libanon, Percetakan Risalah, 1426 H.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 149, "width": 446, "height": 82, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aizid, Rizem. Sejarah Islam Nusantara. Yogyakarta: DIVA Press, 2016. Al-Asfahani, Abu Qosim Al-Husain bin Muhammad al-Ma’ruf Bi al-Raghib. Tafsir al-Raghib Al-Asfahaniy. Fakultas Sastra- Universitas Tanta, 1420 H. Al-Jazairi, Jabir bin Musa Abu Bakar. Aisar Tafasir Li Kalam al-‘Aliyi al-Kabir. Madinatul Munawwaroh, Perpustakaan Ulum dan Hikam, 1424 H.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 445, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Thabari, Abu Ja’far Ibn Jarir. Jami’ul Bayan fi Ta’wilil Qur’an. T.tp: Risalah, 1420 H.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 269, "width": 369, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Attabi’, Abi. Antologi Islam Nusantara . 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Al-Wasatiyyah fil Islam Menurut Yusuf Al-Qaradawi dan Refleksi Kritis Terhadap Ekstremisme, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "130 | Semiotika-Q , Vol. 1, No. 2, Desember 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 794, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlaila Radiani dan Ris’an Rusli : Konsep Moderat Dalam Islam Nusantara…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 445, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seminar Nasional Fakultas Ushuuddin, UNIDA, Siman, Ponorogo, 18 September 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 445, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahal, Akhmad. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 151, "top": 74, "width": 328, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manfaat Pemisahan Sampah Organik dan Anorganik Melalui Media Buku Ilustrasi Anak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 165, "top": 131, "width": 295, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ardani Ari Suseno 1 ) , Nabila Ulul Albab 2) , Sonde Martadireja 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 156, "width": 297, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1), 2), 3) Desain Komunikasi Visual Politeknik PalComTech Jl. Basuki Rahmat No.05, Palembang 30129, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] 1) , [email protected] 2) , [email protected] 3) ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 216, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 485, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Garbage was defined as the residue of people's daily activities. In the social environment, to facilitate decomposition, garbage was generally grouped into two simple parts; namely organic garbage and inorganic garbage. garbage management was needed to reduce the possibility of positive and negative impacts to the environment. Economic value was grouped into positive impact, while the source of odors and disease clusters were grouped as negative impact. In this study, the focus of the problem is on the negative group. Because if garbage is allowed to pile up in one place in community settlements, it will become a source of unpleasant odors so that it can then become an area for germs to develop. This condition is an indication that the garbage had not been managed properly and could worsen the surrounding environment. Therefore, proceeded from the scientific visual communication design, then at least hazard information and proper garbage processing method needed to be made. Knowledge of garbage separation to reduce environmental pollution would be better if known or understood since childhood. The choice of work form for dissemination of this information was children illustration book. The process of realizing this illustration book work used several stages, the first stage was the process of collecting data about garbage and its processing, then data on the type of book that match the target audience. The second stage was the process of making books, in this stage it went through several processes from pre-production to production.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 412, "width": 204, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Illustration, Children, Health, Garbage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 446, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 469, "width": 485, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampah diartikan sebagai sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia. Di lingkungan sosial masyarakat, untuk mempermudah penguraian, umunya sampah dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian sederana; yaitu sampah organik dan sampah anorganik. dibutuhkan pengelolaan sampah yang untuk mengurangi kemungkinan dampak positif dam negatif ke lingkungan. Nilai ekonomis dikelompokkan dalam dampak positif, sedangkan, sumber bau dan kluster penyakit masuk dalam kelompok negatif. Pada penelitian ini, fokus masalah ada pada kelompok negatif. Karena apabila sampah dibiarkan menumpuk disatu tempat di pemukiman masyarakat, akan menjadi sumber bau yang tidak sedap sehingga kemudian dapat menjadi wilayah berkembangnya bibit penyakit. Kondisi ini menjadi indikasi bahwa sampah belum dikelola dengan baik dan dapat memperburuk kondisi lingkungan disekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, berangkat dari keilmuan desain komunikasi visual, maka paling tidak informasi bahaya dan cara pengolahan sampah yang tepat perlu dibuat. Pengetahuan tentang pemisahan sampah untuk mengurangi timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan, akan lebih baik jika diketahui atau dipahami sejak anak-anak. Pilihan bentuk karya untuk penyebaran informasi ini adalah buku ilustrasi anak. Proses mewujudkan karya buku ilustrasi ini menggunakan beberapa tahapan, tahap pertama yaitu proses pengumpulan data mengenai sampah dan proses pengolahannya, kemudian data mengenai jenis buku yang sesuai dengan target pembaca. Tahap kedua yaitu proses pembuatan buku, dalam tahap ini melewati beberapa proses dari pra produksi sampai produksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Ilustrasi, Anak, Kesehatan, Sampah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 232, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang sangat pesat memberikan dampak terhadap lingkungan dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu dampak yang dihasilkan dari pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk adalah meningkatnya jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas masyarakat sehari-hari. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah, sampah adalah sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia atau proses alam yang berbentuk padat. Sampah merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia, karena pada dasarnya semua manusia pasti menghasilkan sampah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 232, "height": 193, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada umumnya sampah yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat meliputi sampah organik dan sampah anorganik. Sampah organik adalah sampah yang berasal dari bahan-bahan hayati. Jenis sampah ini bersifat dapat dengan mudah didegradasi atau diuraikan dalam proses alami, baik secara aerob maupun anaerob. Penguraian itu dilakukan oleh mikroba pengurai yang terdapat di alam. Oleh karena itu, sampah organik bersifat biodegradable (Nugroho, 2019). Contoh sampah organik seperti sisa makanan, sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, daun kering dan sebagainya. Sampah ini bisa dikatakan sebagai sampah ramah lingkungan. Bahkan sampah ini dapat diolah lebih lanjut menjadi pupuk tanaman. Tetapi apabila sampah tidak dikelola dengan benar akan memicu timbulnya penyakit, selain itu juga akan timbul bau yang kurang sedap akibat dari hasil pembusukan sampah organik yang cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 232, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampah anorganik adalah sampah yang berasal dari bahan-bahan nonhayati. Bahan non hayati dapat berupa produk sintetik, hasil olahan teknologi bahan tambang, hasil olahan bahan hayati, dan sebagainya. Bahan-bahan tersebut umumnya sulit diuraikan dalam proses alami. Contohnya seperti kantong plastik, botol minuman, sisa kain, ban bekas, dan lainnya. Sampah anorganik juga bisa menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat bila dikelola dengan tepat. Tetapi apabila sampah anorganik ini tidak dikelola dengan tepat dapat mengakibatkan penceraman lingkungan, karena sampah anorganik tergolong zat yang sulit terurai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 568, "width": 232, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saat sampah organik dan anorgnik tercampur, maka dapat menyebabkan sulit terurainya sampah organik dan hilangnya nilai ekonomis dari sampah anorganik itu sendiri. Apabila keadaan tersebut berlangsung terus menerus maka akan mengakibatkan sampah menumpuk di tempat penampungan sampah. Selain itu juga apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka dapat memperburuk kondisi lingkungan di sekitarnya. Yaitu, menjadi sumber bau yang tidak sedap sehingga kemudian dapat menjadi bibit penyakit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 232, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan narasi kondisi di atas, maka dibutuhkan pengelolaan sampah yang baik untuk mengurangi dampak buruk ke lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengetahuan tentang pemisahan sampah untuk mengurangi timbulnya pencemaran lingkungan, dan akan lebih baik jika pengetahuan terserbut diketahui atau di pahami sejak anak-anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 73, "width": 232, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan keilmuan dan keahlian penulis, untuk media yang digunakan dalam mengedukasi anak tentang pentingnya memisahkan sampah organik dan anorganik ini, penulis memilih menggunakan media buku cerita dengan ilustrasi penuh bergaya gambar dan cerita yang mudah dipahami oleh anak. Ilustrasi sendiri, menurut definisinya adalah seni gambar yang dimanfaatkan untuk memberi penjelasan atas suatu maksud atau tujuan secara visual (Kusrianto, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 177, "width": 232, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengedukasi anak tentang pentingnya memisahkan sampah organik dan anorganik dengan menggunakan media buku ilustrasi. Manfaat bagi penulis yaitu dapat meningkatkan wawasan pengetahuan tentang manfaat pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik, selain itu penulis juga dapat menerapkan ilmu yang diperoleh selama perkuliahan. Kemudian manfaat bagi target audience (anak-anak) yaitu mendapatkan pembelajaran mengenai manfaat pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 303, "width": 233, "height": 274, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis kualitatif. Menurut (Suharsaputra, 2018) metode penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang dapat diamati. Caranya adalah mewawancarai objek penelitian di tempat pengolahan sampah. Dalam proses pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan objek penelitian (tempat) berupa TPS (Tempat Pengolahan Sampah) Kalidoni karena di tempat tersebut penulis bisa mendapatkan data mengenai cara dan manfaat pengolahan sampah organik dan anorganik. Selain itu penulis juga melibatkan anak-anak sebagai objek penelitian ( target audience ) dikarenakan anak- anak lebih mudah diberikan materi dasar untuk pondasi mereka. Kemudian dengan menjadikan anak-anak sebagai target audience merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi intensitas pemakaian gawai pada anak-anak. Lalu berdasarkan data yang didapat dilapangan tersebut, kemudian penulis menjadikannya pedoman dasar untuk diolah menjadi bentuk karya desain komunikasi visual (sesuai hasil pilihan penulis) yaitu buku ilustrasi dengan gaya gambar dan bercerita untuk anak-anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 597, "width": 67, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 620, "width": 233, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melewati proses pengumpulan data, selanjutnya penulis mulai masuk ke tahap pembuatan buku ilustrasi yang diawali dengan proses pra produksi sampai produksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 677, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Praproduksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 700, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap praproduksi meliputi beberapa proses yaitu penentuan alur cerita buku, kemudian pembuatan konsep cerita yang menjadi landasan utama dalam pembuatan buku ilustrasi anak ini. Setelah menentukan konsep cerita, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menerjemahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 232, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kalimat dikonsep cerita menjadi gambaran sketsa dasar dalam bentuk storyboard. Konsep atau naskah cerita buku ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Sepulang sekolah aku sedang berjalan kaki. Lalu, aku menemukan tumpukan sampah yang tidak sedap. “ Duhhh.. bau sampahhh”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hampir sampai dirumah, ada orang yang sedang membakar sampah, “Aduhh asapnyaa.. bikin dadaku sesak, mataku juga perih”. Akupun terbatuk dan langsung menutup hidung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 218, "height": 69, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Sesampai dirumah, aku cerita ke Ibu “ Bunda, tadi Azmi nyium bau busuk samapah disana. Terus ketemu orang bakar sampah asapnya bikin batuk dan mataku perih. Lalu Bunda menjawab “Waduh itu gak baik sebenarnya. Yaudah, masuk dulu ganti baju terus makan”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Setelah masuk kedalam rumah, aku dan bunda siap-siap untuk makan siang. Lalu bunda mengajakkua ke tempat pengolahan sampah untuk melihat langsung proses pengolahan sampah. “ nah, besok kan hari libur. Nanti Bunda ajak Azmi ke tempat pengolahan sampah”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 218, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Keesok harinya bunda memanggilku “Azmi, sudah siap belum. Ayo kita pergi ketempat pengolahan sampah sekarang”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Aku dating dan menggampiri ibu. “lho kok bawa sampah Bun?. Ibu menjawab” iya nanti bunda jelasin disana”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Azmi dan Ibu pergi ke tempat pengolahan sampah sambil membawa sampah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Sesampai ditempat pembuangan sampah, Azmi berkata “Ohh ini ya bun tempat pengolahan sampahnya”. “Iya, disinalah tempat pengolahan sampah yang didaur ulang kembali”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 476, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Bunda dan Azmi melihat proses pengolahan sampah organik. “Nah, kayak gini proses pengolahan sampah organik”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10. Bunda dan Azmi melihat proses pengolahan sampah anorganik. “Nah, kayak gini proses pengolahan sampah anorganik”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11. Setelah itu Bunda menyampaikan pesan-pesan. “ dengan melakukan pengolahan sampah yang benar, berarti kita sudah berupaya untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan yang kita cintai ini. Yuk budayakan buang sampah sesuai tempatnya”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 66, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12. Permainan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 637, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 232, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap produksi penulis membuat sketsa berdasarkan storyboard yang telah dibuat sebelumnya. Dalam pembuatan sketsa yang dilakukan dengan cara digital menggunakan perangkat lunak Adobe Photoshop CC 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 401, "top": 314, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Sketsa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 337, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setalah sketsa dibuat maka dilanjutkan dengan tahap pewarnaan. Dalam proses pewarnaan ini penulis melewati beberapa tahapan, pertama mewarnai dengan warna dasar (solid) kemudian setelah itu dilanjutkan dengan memberikan warna gelap terang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 379, "top": 642, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pewarnaan buku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 665, "width": 232, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembuatan buku ilustrasi ini menggunakan beberapa landasan konsep, yaitu layout , huruf, dan warna. Penjelasnnya adalah: Pertama , pada layout penulis menerapkan satu gambar llustrasi untuk dua halaman yang berdampingan. Konsep seperti ini diharapkan dapat memberikan ruang yang lebih luas bagi pembaca untuk menikmati buku ilustrasi tersebut nantinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 745, "width": 232, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedua , huruf pada buku ilustrasi ini menggunakan tiga jenis huruf sans serif atau “tanpa kaki” untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 232, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memberikan kesan dinamis dan ceria yang sesuai dengan karakter anak-anak. Ketiga jenis huruf tersebut adalah bakso sapi, future, dan candy beans.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 232, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Huruf bakso sapi digunakan sebagai judul buku dikarenakan jenis huruf ini memiliki karakter dan ciri khas yang kuat. Jenis huruf futura digunakan sebagai narasi dalam buku dikarenakan jenis huruf ini memiliki tingkat keterbacaan yang tinggi sehingga memudahkan pembaca dalam membaca cerita pada buku tersebut. Lalu, jenis huruf candy beans digunakan sebagai dialog karakter ibu dan anak dalam buku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 335, "width": 227, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Huruf future, Bakso sapi, dan Candy beans.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 232, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketiga , warna yang akan digunakan dalam buku ini menggunakan kombinasi warna analogus dan komplementer. Warna analogus itu sendiri adalah warna- warna yang berdekatan dalam roda warna, sedangkan warna komplementer adalah warna yang letaknya berlawanan dalam roda warna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 565, "width": 225, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Visualisai aturan warna complementer dan analogus. (Sumber (CartoCSS, 2019))", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 50, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Buku", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 634, "width": 232, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil akhir dari proyek tugas akhir ini adalah buku ilustrasi anak dengan judul “Aku Bisa Memilah Sampah”. Buku ilustrasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu anak-anak dalam memahami mengenai manfaat pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 692, "width": 232, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Buku ini diawali dengan cerita tentang seorang anak yang baru pulang sekolah. Kemudian di tengah perjalanan dia terganggu dengan aroma tumpukan sampah dan asap hasil pembakaran sampah. Si anak pun melaporkan kejadian itu kepada ibunya. Keesokan harinya ibunya mengajak anak untuk melihat proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 73, "width": 232, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengolahan sampah di Tempat Pengolahan Sampah (TPS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 96, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampul depan buku ilustrasi ini dirancang dengan suasana alam yang bersih dan nyaman terutama bagi anak, dalam sampul depan penulis mengilustrasikan seorang anak dengan ekspresi bahagia karena sudah bisa membuang dan memilah sampah sebagaimana mestinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 154, "width": 233, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai identitas buku, penulis memilih huruf bakso sapi pada judul yang memiliki penekanan dibanding objek lain dengan cara meletakkannya di posisi atas dengan ukuran yang cukup besar. Kemudian dari segi warna huruf, penulis menggunakan warna yang sama dengan batang pohon untuk memberikan kesatuan pada desain sampul depan tersebut. Selanjutnya sampul depan ini dicetak dengan ukuran 20x20 cm dan menggunakan bahan hard cover greyboard ukuran 3mm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 491, "width": 133, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Sampul depan buku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 513, "width": 232, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagian isi buku ini diawali dengan pengenalan tokoh yang ada terlebih dahulu. Ulul Azmi sebagai anak dan Hanifah adalah ibu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 668, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Pengenalan tokoh dalam buku.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 323, "top": 691, "width": 234, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerita dimulai dari karakter Ulul Azmi yang berjalan pulang dari sekolah, kemudian di tengah perjalanan dia mencium aroma tidak sedap dari tumpukan sampah. Dalam ilustrasi ini penulis menggunakan warna yang kontras antara objek utama (karakter anak dan tumpukan sampah) dengan warna latar belakang yang menggunakan warna analogus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 207, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Ulul Azmi mencium aroma sampah.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 230, "width": 232, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lalu penggambaran Ulul Azmi sedang mengadu pada ibunya tentang aroma sampah yang mengganggu dirinya dengan menunjuk ke arah jalan yang sebelumnya dilaluinya. Dalam ilustrasi ini penulis menggunakan jenis layout rata kiri, lalu penulis meletakkan close up karakter ibu di pojok kanan atas untuk mengisi ruang kosong di area tersebut dan juga sebagai tempat untuk menulis dialog. Warna objek utama dibuat berlawanan dengan latar belakang yang memungkinkan karakter tetap menjadi jadi titik pusat perhatian walaupun dengan ukuran yang tidak terlalu besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 491, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Ulul Azmi mengadu pada Ibunya.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 514, "width": 232, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hanifah (Ibu) mengajak Ulul Azmi ke Tempat Pembuangan Sampah untuk memberi pengetahuan tentang sampah secara langsung. Layout yang digunakan dalam ilustrasi ini adalah rata tengah untuk memberikan keseimbangan dalam ilustrasi ini. Penulis juga meletakkan objek yang kontras dengan latar belakang seperti kedua karakter, bangunan dan peralatan pengolah sampah di tengah-tengah untuk memberikan kesatuan pada objek penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 755, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Hanifah (Ibu) mengajak Ulul Azmi ke TPS.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 323, "top": 85, "width": 233, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan tentang proses pengolahan sampah pada ilustrasi ini menggunakan bentuk infografis untuk memudahkan pembaca dalam memahami isi materi yang disampaikan. Objek TPS sebagai latar belakang diblur untuk membuat pembaca dapat lebih fokus membaca infografis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 275, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. Penjelasan pengolahan sampah", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 323, "top": 298, "width": 233, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada akhir cerita, karakter hanifah (Ibu) memberikan pesan dan nasehat untuk pembaca tentang pengolahan sampah yang benar.. Pada halaman ini penulis menggunakan warna hitam pada tulisan supaya kontras dan dapat memudahkan dalam membaca.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 490, "width": 189, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 11. Pesan dan nasehat (kesimpulan).", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 323, "top": 512, "width": 233, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada akhir isi buku, terdapat tambahan yaitu permainan interaktif yang diharapkan dapat menghilangkan rasa bosan saat membaca buku, dan juga dapat membuat anak-anak dapat berinteraksi langsung dengan materi yang disampaikan dalam buku. Permainannya adalah memasukkan sampah sesuai tempatnya dan labirin sampah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 353, "top": 732, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Sisipan permainan interaktif.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 270, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BESAUNG JURNAL SENI DESAIN DAN BUDAYA VOLUME 5 No.1 Maret 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 37, "width": 95, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN PRINT :2502-8626 ISSN ONLINE : 2549-4074", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 232, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lalu, sampul belakang buku ilustrasi “Aku Bisa Memilah Sampah” ini menggunakan konsep yang sama dengan sampul depan, namun hanya menampilkan gambar pemandangan kosong tanpa objek karakter dan kotak sampah lalu menambahkan paragraf tentang penjelasam singkat isi buku ini. Aturan desain tata letak yang digunakan dalam desain ini adalah rata tengah, kemudian meletakkan tulisan di tengah dengan warna hitam dengan latar belakang biru langit yang membuatnya menjadikannya sebagai pusat perhatian dalam desain sampul belakang tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 438, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13. Sampul belakang buku.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 478, "width": 232, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permasalahan sampah yang menumpuk salah satunya diakibatkan oleh pengolahan sampah yang kurang maksimal. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan cara memisahkan sampah sesuai jenisnya supaya sampah tersebut dapat diolah menjadi sesuatu yang berguna seperti pupuk kompos, bahan biji plastik, dan kerajinan tangan yang dapat mengurangi volume sampah di sekitar masyarakat. Mengenai permasalahan di atas, diperlukan edukasi tentang pemisahan sampah, dalam hal ini anak-anak menjadi target sasaran ( audience ) untuk mendapat edukasi masalah tersebut dikarenakan anak-anak memiliki rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi. Dengan menggunakan buku ilustrasi diharapkan dapat membuat anak-anak memahami masalah pemisahan sampah organik dan anorganik sejak dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 65, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DaftarPustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 232, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kusrianto, A. (2009). Pengantar Desain Komunikasi Visual . CV Andi Offset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 232, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nugroho, F. (2019). Berkah Mengolah Sampah (A. Firmayani (ed.)). CV Sindunata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 232, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Republik Indonesia. (2008). Undang-undang No.18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengolahan Sampah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 73, "width": 233, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suharsaputra, U. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan Tindakan . PT Refika Aditama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 108, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 132, "width": 232, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CartoCSS. (2019). CartoCSS Color Mixing Functions . https://carto.com/help/tutorials/cartocss-color- mixing-functions/", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 515, "top": 43, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "276", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 69, "width": 323, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0000000000000000000000000000000 ISSN: 1410-8917 e-ISSN: 2597-9914", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 71, "width": 224, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 91, "width": 256, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 111, "width": 240, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Scientific and Applied Chemistry", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 191, "top": 135, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal homepage: http://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/ksa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 168, "width": 464, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Effect of Microencapsulation Techniques on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Functional Beverage Based on Red Betel Leaf Extract ( Piper crocatum )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 238, "width": 249, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mega Safithri a,* , Susi Indariani b , Rosalina Yuliani a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 263, "width": 437, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia b Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center (Biopharmaca), Institute for Research and Community Service, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 305, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 328, "width": 148, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.8.276-282", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 355, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 193, "top": 355, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 379, "width": 467, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: Received: 21 st January 2020 Revised: 15 th July 2020 Accepted: 17 th July 2020 Online: 31 st August 2020 Keywords: antioxidants; CUPRAC; maltodextrin; ready to drink (RTD); total phenol Functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract have antioxidant activity, but they still have a bitter taste. This study aims to determine the effect of microencapsulation on phenol content, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of functional drinks based on betel leaf extract. Microencapsulation of functional drinks was made using maltodextrin coatings with concentrations of 10% and 20%. Antioxidant activity was tested by the CUPRAC method. The ready to drink (RTD) functional drink has a total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 782.30 ± 2.54 mg GAE/g and 1660.19 ± 31.67 µmol Tr/g, respectively. These values are higher than microencapsulated functional drinks with maltodextrin (MM). The microencapsulated functional drink with 10% maltodextrin coating (MM10) is the chosen formulation since it has the smallest particle size (1.283 µm), total phenolic content of 12.90 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 189.41 ± 1.88 µmol Tr/g.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 512, "width": 331, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Microencapsulated functional drinks provide sensory quality that is not significantly different (p <0.05) from ready to drink (RTD) drinks.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 548, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 566, "width": 228, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Functional drinks are included in the functional food category. One of Indonesia's herbal plants with health benefits and can be used as a functional food is red betel leaf ( Piper crocatum ) [1]. It contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, which have potential as antioxidants [2]. Antioxidants are molecules or compounds that play a role in inhibiting the oxidation of the substrate that is easily oxidized. This compound is often known as a compound that can counteract or reduce free radicals [3]. Free radicals are groups that contain one or more unpaired electrons in the outer orbitals. These free radicals can react with the molecules around them to get an electron pair to obtain new free radicals [4]. The accumulation of free radicals in the body can cause oxidation of fat compounds, damaging proteins, and DNA. Free radicals that react in mitochondria cause the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are reactive, causing an aging process [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 549, "width": 227, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Red betel leaf and cinnamon leaf extract formulation are known to reduce blood glucose levels in rats because they have antihyperglycemic activity and increase the number of β -pancreatic cells to reduce blood glucose levels in mice [6]. Development of functional drink formulations based on red betel leaf extract has been carried out, with several spice extracts such as cinnamon, red ginger, and lime juice. The beverage is known to have antioxidant and anti- α -glucosidase activities at 873.2 μg/mL and 88.7%. However, sensory tests on these functional drinks have an undesirable taste on a scale of 2.7 ± 1.1 out of 1-5 [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 693, "width": 227, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Microencapsulation techniques can be used to protect active compounds against adverse environmental conditions so that the desired condition is obtained. Microencapsulation is the process of coating the core material in solid particles, liquid, or gas droplets. This technique can be applied to reduce volatile compounds, slowing lipid oxidation, and increase the stability of taste [7]. The microencapsulation process in grape seed oil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 516, "top": 43, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "277", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activity [8].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 91, "width": 227, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The process of making microencapsulation requires a coating to protect the core material. One of the coatings which are often used for food is maltodextrin. Maltodextrin is an excellent coating material because it has a high solubility in water, produces low viscosity, is tasteless, and is biodegradable [9]. This study aims to determine the effect of microencapsulation on antioxidant activity, total phenol, and sensory quality of functional drinks based on betel leaf extract.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 201, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 218, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Tools and Materials", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 236, "width": 227, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The tools used in the manufacture of microencapsulated beverage powder based on red betel leaf extract were homogenizer (Armfield), and spray dryer (B190). Then, the equipment used to determine the antioxidant activity of the CUPRAC method was an ELISA microplate reader (Epoch), micropipette (ThermoScientific), sonicator (B1510), vortex (BI Type 37600 mixer), and microplates. While, the instrument used to determine total phenolic levels was the UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific-Genesys 20, USA). Furthermore, the instrument used for particle measurement was the Particle Size Analyzer (Beckam Coulter Delsa TM Nano and Malvern).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 392, "width": 228, "height": 184, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The materials -used to make red betel extract drink powder- were red betel leaves, cinnamon, red ginger (medicinal plant gardens of the IPB Biopharmaca Study Center), and lime (Pasar Anyar Bogor) and distilled water. While the coating material used in making microencapsulation was DE 10 food-grade maltodextrins (Lihua-PRC). For the determination of the antioxidant activity of the CUPRAC method used materials such as CuCl 2 .2H 2 O (Merck®, Germany) Neocuproine (Sigma Aldrich®, USA), ammonium acetate buffer pH 7 (Merck®, Germany) and Trolox standards (Sigma Aldrich®, USA). Materials used in the determination of total phenolic levels are the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Merck, Germany), Na 2 CO 3 (Merck, Germany), 70% ethanol solvent CAS 64-17-5 (Merck, Germany), and gallic acid standards (Merck, Germany).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 583, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Sample preparation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 601, "width": 227, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Red betel leaves, red ginger, and cinnamon were sorted and washed and drained. The three ingredients were cut into small pieces and dried in an oven at 50°C for three days. Red betel leaves, red ginger, and dried cinnamon were then blended and filtered to obtain a sample with a size of 40 mesh. The sample was stored in a zip-lock plastic at room temperature [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 688, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Sample extraction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 706, "width": 227, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Red betel leaf extract was prepared by adding 10 grams of red betel leaf sample to 200 mL of distilled water in a ratio (1:20) and boiled for 15 minutes in a closed container. After that, the sample was filtered using a cloth, and the filtered volume (filtrate) was measured. The filtrate was then added with distilled water until the total volume became 100 mL. Making red ginger extract", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and cinnamon used the same method as making red betel leaf extract. The difference was in the addition of distilled water, where the manufacture of red ginger extract and cinnamon used a ratio of 1:10. The preparation of lime juice extract was done by squeezing the lime using a simple lime press to separate the juice from lime seeds. Lime juice was made into a stock of lime extract solution. The prepared stock solution was then stored at 8°C [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 160, "width": 161, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4. Ready to drink (RTD) formulation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 178, "width": 227, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stock solutions of red betel leaf extract and cinnamon were mixed with a ratio of 42% (v/v) and 28% (v/v) so that the basic formula for functional drinks was obtained. The basic formula was added to the stock solution of red ginger extract and lime juice with 15% (v/v) each (Table 1). The mixture of the ingredients was stirred until homogeneous and stored in bottles at 8°C [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 265, "width": 227, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Functional drink formula Material RTD MM10 MM20 Betel red (%) 42 42 42 Cinnamon (%) 28 28 28 Ginger (%) 15 15 15 Lime (%) 15 15 15 Maltodextrin (%) - 10 20 Note: RTD (ready to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink with 10%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 384, "width": 227, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maltodextrin), MM20 (microencapsulated drink with 20% maltodextrin)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 414, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.5. Preparation of microencapsulated drinks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 431, "width": 227, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The RTD drink stock solution was taken as much as 100 mL and given a maltodextrin coating material with concentrations of 10%, and 20% (w / v) (Table 1). The solution was then homogenized using a homogenizer (Armfield) at a speed of 15000 rpm for 30 minutes [10]. Furthermore, the homogenate was dried using a spray dryer (B190) with an inlet temperature of 140°C, an outlet temperature of 80°C, nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm, a feed pump of 2000 mL/hour to obtain a microencapsulated beverage powder [11].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 553, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.6. Particle size analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 570, "width": 227, "height": 195, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The samples analyzed for particle size were microencapsulated functional drinks and RTD functional drinks. The difference between the preparation of the two samples was at the dissolution stage of microencapsulated beverage powder. Microencapsulated functional drinks weighed 1 gram and then dissolved with 5 mL of distilled water. After that, three drops of each sample of the microencapsulated functional beverage and RTD were then taken and then dissolved again in 5 mL of double distilled water in a beaker glass and homogenized [12]. A small amount of liquid was put into a cuvette and placed in the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) slot. Next, object preparation slots were closed and analyzed with input data in the form of a solvent refractive index, thickness, and laser beam intensity adjustments. Laser beam shooting was carried out at 30 different sample field points. The particle size results and polydispersity index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 516, "top": 43, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "278", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 62, "width": 226, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "can be seen in the cumulative method's output on the Z D and PDI values [12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 91, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.7. Determination of total phenolic content", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 109, "width": 227, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total phenol levels can be determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. A total of 0.2 mL samples of functional drinks (RTD, MM10, MM20) were mixed into 2.5 mL of 10% Folin – Ciocâlteu reagent and 2 mL of 7.5% Na 2 CO 3 , then incubated for 30 minutes at 25°C. The mixture was then measured for absorbance with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 765 nm. Total phenolic red betel leaf extract is expressed as milligrams (mg) gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry extract weight (mg GAE g sample). The standard used was gallic acid at various concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 175 ppm [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 253, "width": 196, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.8. Antioxidant activity test using the CUPRAC method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 282, "width": 228, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A total of 50 μL CuCl 2 .2H 2 O 0.01 M, 50 μL Neocuproine 7.5 x 10 -3 M, 50 μL ammonium acetate buffer pH 7, and 50 μL drinks in distilled water were put into a microplat e well. The total volume of each well was 200 μL. The measurement of antioxidant capacity used a standard Trolox curve with concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 μM. Blanks were prepared with a mixed solution mixed with a solvent, instead of a beverage solution. After that, the microplate was incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature and in a dark condition. Absorbance was measured using a microplate reader ELISA at a wavelength of 450 nm [14].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 427, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.9. Sensory analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 445, "width": 227, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sensory analysis of functional drinks of microencapsulation of red betel leaf extract was performed with a favored test [2]. The panelists consisted of 30 students. In the sensory test, 5-10 mL of RTD and MM10 red betel functional drinks were served. Panelists were asked to taste the two functional drinks and then compare the level of color and flavor of the sample using a 5-point hedonic scale with the description: very like = 5, like = 4, little like = 3, dislike = 2, and immensely dislike = 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 567, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.10. Data analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 584, "width": 227, "height": 126, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "All data obtained were displayed in the form of mean values and standard deviations. Furthermore, the data was processed and analyzed by ANOVA analysis of a single randomized complete design system (CRD) to determine the effect of the treatment on the measured parameters. The further test used was the Duncan test to determine the difference between the mean parameters measured by the appearance of the data as mean and standard deviation (SD). Significant differences between the parameters measured were indicated by p values <0.05 [15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 717, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 735, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. The yield of functional drinks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 752, "width": 227, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A spray dryer of 300 mL of MM10 functional drink solution was obtained 12.07 grams, while 300 mL of MM20 functional beverage solution was obtained 16.76", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "grams. These results indicate that maltodextrin, used as a coating material for drinks with a greater concentration, produces higher drink powder. Thus, the yield of MM10 drinks (4.02%) is smaller than that of MM20 (5.59%). The results of this study are in line with the treatment of the addition of maltodextrin concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) that have a significant effect ( α = 0.05) on the yield value of noni leaf instant drinks produced. The more amount of maltodextrin added, the higher the yield of the product. This is due to the use of maltodextrin in beverage products to increase the volume and increase the material's total solids so that the yield obtained is higher [10].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 185, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Particle Size and Polydispersity Index of Functional Drinks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 247, "width": 227, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analysis of functional beverage particles based on red betel leaf extract in this study was conducted using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The average particle size and polydispersity index can be seen from the results of the cumulant method on the Z-average and polydispersity index (PI) (Table 2). RTD functional drinks have the largest average particle size, which is 2,384 ± 479.9 µm, while MM10 functional drinks have the smallest average particle size, which is 1,283 ± 100.4 µm. Based on this data, the value of the polydispersity index (PI) is also varied for each sample. The highest PI value was found in MM10 of 0.319, while the lowest PI value is found in RTD functional drinks, which is 0.114.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 404, "width": 191, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Particle size and polydispersity index of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 414, "width": 138, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "functional drinks Drink samples average particle size (µm)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 432, "width": 227, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "polydispersity index RTD 2384 ± 479.9 0.114 MM10 1283 ± 100.4 0.319 MM20 1716 ± 149.6 0.175 Note: RTD (ready to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink with 10%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 428, "top": 515, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maltodextrin),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 515, "width": 28, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MM20", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 527, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(microencapsulated drink with 20% maltodextrin)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 544, "width": 227, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The average diameter of the particle size of MM10 and MM20 drinks is smaller than that of RTD drinks. This is when making microencapsulation solutions; there; there are stages of sizing, electrostatic interactions, and ionic gelation. This process produces dots of nanopolysaccharide C, which are ready to absorb the active compound from the beverage extract to produce microparticles with a smaller size compared to the particle size of RTD drinks [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 655, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the microencapsulation drinks obtained, the particle size was analyzed using a particle size analyzer (PSA). The principle of measuring PSA is based on the principle of scattering light. Particles that scatter the light will form the angle of light scattering, which is inversely proportional to the size of the particles [17]. The results of particle measurements using PSA are interpreted in the form of particle distribution to describe the overall sample conditions [18]. Table 2 shows that the average diameter of the functional beverage particles MM10 and MM20 obtained were included in the microparticles. This", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 346, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282 279", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is because the particle size is above 1000 nm. Particles resulting from the microencapsulation process have sizes between 1- 5000 μm [19].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 103, "width": 227, "height": 171, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition to particle size, the microencapsulation polydispersity index value can also be determined by PSA. The polydispersity index (PI) shows the particle size distribution parameters. The range of polydispersity index (PI) of a particle is at 0.0 to 1.0. The smaller the polydispersity index value indicates the increasingly homogeneous particle size distribution [20]. The polydispersity index (PI) higher than 0.5 indicate heterogeneous particle distribution, whereas the polydispersity index (PI) closer to 0 indicate uniform (homogeneous) particle distribution [21]. The results showed that the distribution of functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract had a relatively uniform (homogeneous) particle distribution. This is indicated by a polydispersity index of less than 0.5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 282, "width": 199, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3. Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activities of Functional Drinks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 311, "width": 228, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Measurement of total phenolic content was carried out by the Folin – Ciocâlteu method, which used gallic acid as the standard. Based on the measurement of the absorbance of the gallic acid solution, the line equation y = 0.005x - 0.0005 is obtained with an R 2 value of 0.9915. The total phenolic content in functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract showed significantly different results (p <0.05). RTD functional drinks have the highest total phenolic content, amounting to 782.30 ± 2.54 mg GAE/g, while MM20 functional drinks obtained the smallest total phenolic content, which is 9.68 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g (Table 3). In vitro, the release of active compounds in the encapsulation material was slow compared to the non-encapsulated active substances [22]. This causes the measured bioactive compounds to be lower than those that are not encapsulated. The release of bioactive compounds is slow due to having to pass through a homogeneous system of microencapsulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 525, "width": 227, "height": 102, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Total phenolics of functional drinks Drink samples Average total phenolic (mg GAE/g) RTD 782.30 ± 2.54 c MM10 12.90 ± 0.01 b MM20 9.68 ± 0.06 a Note: RTD (ready to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 617, "width": 20, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "with", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 617, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 617, "width": 228, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maltodextrin), MM20 (microencapsulated drink with 20% maltodextrin). The same letters in each column indicate that the value is not significantly different at the real level of 95% (p> 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 669, "width": 228, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This functional drink contains several phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids found in red betel leaves, the highest component of these drinks. The addition of spices to the functional drink composition based on red betel leaf extract can increase the total phenolic content [2]. Analysis of the total phenolic content of RTD functional drinks in previous studies has been carried out and obtained results of 1385.25 ± 0.96 μ g/mL. The difference in results is due to the addition of stevia sweetener to RTD functional drinks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "in previous studies [2]. Stevia contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenol compounds so that the total phenolic content of the RTD functional drinks is higher than the RTD functional drinks in this study [23].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 126, "width": 227, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The treatment of variations in the amount of maltodextrin in the manufacture of microencapsulated functional drinks showed significantly different results (p <0.05) in total phenolic content. As maltodextrin is added, the total phenolic content decreases. This is caused by the increasing number of total solids contained in drinks in the form of maltodextrin as a coating material so that the total phenol measured is less [11]. Also, the encapsulant material (maltodextrin) causes the phenol compound's bioactive compounds to be coated, so that not all bioactive components of the beverage can react with reagents measuring the total phenol content [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 270, "width": 227, "height": 172, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The most antioxidant activity of functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract is obtained in RTD fun ctional drinks, which is 1636.38 ± 31.64 μmol Tr/g extract. At the same time, the lowest is found in MM20 functional drinks, which is 125.96 ± 1.54 μmol Tr/g extract. The results obtained are significantly different (p <0.05) as well as the total phenolic content (Table 4). Decreased antioxidant activity in microencapsulated drinks is caused by the coating material so that the release of bioactive components becomes slower. This results in a decreasing number of bioactive components that can be active [22]. Another factor that causes a decrease in antioxidant activity is the content of phenolic compounds in MM10, and MM20 functional drinks are smaller than RTD drinks (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 450, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Antioxidant capacity of functional drinks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 468, "width": 227, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Drink samples Average anti oxidant capacity (μmol Tr/g extract) RTD 1636.38 ± 31.64 c MM10 189.41 ± 1.88 b MM20 125.87 ± 1.54 a Note: RTD (ready to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 552, "width": 227, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "with 10% maltodextrin), MM20 (microencapsulated drink with 20% maltodextrin). The same letters in each column indicate that the value is not significantly different at the real level of 95% (p> 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 604, "width": 227, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The antioxidant activity of functional RTD based red betel leaf extract with the addition of sweetener stevia obtained the antioxidant capacity to reduce DPPH free radicals of 873.21 μg/mL [2]. These results are different from the results obtained in this study. The difference in the antioxidant activity results in the two methods is caused by differences in the mechanism of free radical reduction. The DPPH method reduces free radicals by hydrogen capture, while the mechanism of the free radical reduction in the CUPRAC method is done by electron donation [24]. The synergistic effect of the phenolic component in the sample can also affect the antioxidant capacity [25].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 760, "width": 227, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The treatment of maltodextrin concentration also gave the same results as the total phenolic content. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 515, "top": 43, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 322, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "functional drink MM10 has the highest antioxidant activity of 189.50 ± 1.88 μmol Tr/g extract. Microencapsulation drinks with the treatment of maltodextrin variations gave significantly different results (p <0.05) on antioxidant activity. The addition of maltodextrin causes the total solids in drinks to be higher, resulting in less measured antioxidant activity. Increasing the concentration of maltodextrin causes a decrease in antioxidant activity [11]. Maltodextrin causes bioactive compounds of phenols to be coated so that not all bioactive components of drinks can function as antioxidants [16]. Maltodextrin has many hydroxyl groups that bind O groups to phenol compounds through hydrogen bonds [26]. Maltodextrin has a reliable binding power with coated compounds to protect bioactive components and sensitive components (taste, color, and vitamins) [27]. Maltodextrin can form a hydrogel matrix and adhesion. The microcapsules produced by maltodextrin are dry, uniform in size, and not sticky [28]. The characteristic of maltodextrin is that it is soluble in water and can protect active compounds encapsulated from oxidation and is a safe coating material. The use of maltodextrin is usually used as a binder, coating, crusher, and filler [29]. Thus, to test the bioactivity of microencapsulated drinks is more appropriate to be done in vivo, as encapsulants can be released in specific organs. Bioactive micro-size can quickly enter the cell and carry out their functional activities [30].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 392, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4. Sensory Quality of Functional Drinks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 409, "width": 227, "height": 219, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MMM 10 was sensory analyzed and compared with RTD drinks. Sensory analysis or organoleptic analysis is a test based on human sensing to assess a food product's quality and safety [31]. The results of sensory testing of MMM 10 functional drinks on RTD functional drinks (Table 5) show that the overall taste, aroma, and acceptance parameters are not significantly different (p <0.05) but are significantly different (p <0.05) in color parameters. Color is one of the essential food products' parameters, which is the first assessment of consumer preferences [32]. Based on the results of the sensory analysis show that the color of functional drinks MMM 10 (scale 3.07 ± 0.87) is significantly different (p <0.05) from functional drinks (RTD) (scale 2.50 ± 0.86) (Figure 1). MM10 functional drinks have a brighter color compared to RTD functional drinks. This is because the encapsulation process can protect the active compound from the functional drink so that it is not immediately split in the water matrix [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 635, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Sensory quality of functional drinks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 654, "width": 212, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Drink samples Aroma Taste Color Overall reception RTD 3.20 ± 1.01 a 1.60 ± 0.77 a 2.50 ± 0.86 a 2.17 ± 0.91 a MM10 3.27 ± 0.83 a 1.70 ± 0.70 a 3.07 ± 0.87 b 2.30 ± 0.75 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 731, "width": 227, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Note: RTD (ready to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink with 10% maltodextrin). The same letters in each column indicate the value is not significantly different at the real level of 95% (p> 0.05)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 196, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 208, "width": 213, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Color of RTD drinks (a) and MM10 drinks (b)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 230, "width": 227, "height": 195, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RTD functional drinks have a bitter taste arising from red betel leaf extract as the most significant component of these functional drinks [2]. Based on the results of sensory analysis, it is found that the taste of MM10 functional drinks (1.70 ± 0.77) and RTD functional drinks (1.60 ± 0.87) are not significantly different (p <0.05). The results of the sensory analysis of RTD drinks in this study are much lower than the functional drinks of RTD in previous studies (2.7 ± 1.1) [2]. This is because in making RTD functional drinks in this study, do not use food additives sweetener (stevia) to see the effect of microencapsulation techniques with unsweetened maltodextrin coating ingredients on a bitter taste. Thus, this study's results indicate that microencapsulation of red betel RTD drinks using a coating agent maltodextrin has no significant effect (p <0.05) on the taste of the drink.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 432, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Overall Recapitulation of Drink Test Results", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 451, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Drink samples RTD MM10 MM20 Average particle size (µm) 2384 ± 479.9 1283 ± 100.4 1716 ± 149.6 Polydispersity index 0.114 0.319 0.175 Average total phenolic (mg GAE/g) 782.30 ± 2.54 c 12.90 ± 0.01 b 9.68 ± 0.06 a Average antioxidant capacity (μmol Tr/g extract) 1636.38 ± 31.64 c 189.41 ± 1.88 b 125.87 ± 1,54 a Sensory Quality Aroma 3.20 ±", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 586, "width": 99, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.01 a 3.27 ± 0.83 a", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 320, "top": 610, "width": 195, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Taste 1.60 ± 0.77 a 1.70 ± 0.70 a Color 2.50 ± 0.86 a 3.07 ± 0.87 b Overall reception 2.17 ± 0.91 a 2.30 ± 0.75 a Note: RTD (ready", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 681, "width": 227, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "to drink), MM10 (microencapsulated drink with 10% maltodextrin),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 704, "width": 227, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MM20 (microencapsulated drink with 20% maltodextrin). The same letters in each column indicate the value is not significantly different at the real level of 95% (p> 0.05)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 756, "width": 227, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aroma is also an essential parameter in sensory analysis. The sensory analysis results show that the two", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 517, "top": 43, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "281", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 62, "width": 227, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "functional drinks are not significantly different (p <0.05). They are located on a scale of 3.27 ± 0.83 for MM10 and 3.20 ± 1.01 for RTD functional drinks. Another sensory analysis parameter is overall acceptance. The sensory results of the two functional drinks have a level of acceptance that is not significantly different (p <0.05), where MM10 functional drinks are on a scale of 2.30 ± 0.75, while the functional drinks RTD are on a scale of 2.17 ± 0.91. Previous research stated that the sensory quality of functional drinks based on cat whiskers leaf extract had a preference value of microencapsulated drinks of 5.55, while RTD functional drinks were 3.31 on a scale of 1-9 [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 218, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 236, "width": 227, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Functional drinks based on red betel leaf extract are successfully microencapsulated with the best coating concentration of 10% maltodextrin. Microencapsulation using the maltodextrin coating material reduced the particle size of functional drinks and decreased the total number of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity (CUPRAC method). The sensory quality of MM10 functional drinks is not significantly different (p <0.05) with RTD functional drinks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 345, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 363, "width": 227, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Anton Rahmadi, Bohari Bohari, Pangan Fungsional Berkhasiat Antioksidan , Mulawarman University Press, 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 399, "width": 228, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] M Safithri, A Kurniawati, Syaefudin, Formula of Piper crocatum, Cinnamomum burmanii , and Zingiber officinale extracts as a functional beverage for diabetics, International Food Research Journal , 23, 3,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 439, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, 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Y. Zhao, G. H. Zhang, Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs): Fabrication, characterization and applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 15, 8, (2011), 3813-3832 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.019", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 721, "width": 227, "height": 51, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[20] M. Danaei, M. Dehghankhold, S. Ataei, F. Hasanzadeh Davarani, R. Javanmard, A. Dokhani, S. Khorasani, M. R. Mozafari, Impact of Particle Size and Polydispersity Index on the Clinical Applications of Lipidic Nanocarrier Systems, Pharmaceutics , 10, 2,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 186, "top": 43, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23 (8) (2020): 276 – 282", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 515, "top": 43, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "282", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 62, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2018), 57", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 72, "width": 192, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10020057", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 62, "top": 88, "width": 228, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[21] Eriawan Rismana, Susi Kusumaningrum, Olivia Bunga P, Idah Rosidah, Marhamah, Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Nanopartikel Kitosan – Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis ( Garcinia mangostana ), Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia , 14, 3, (2012), 189-196 https://doi.org/10.29122/jsti.v14i3.925", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 154, "width": 227, "height": 71, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[22] Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu, Aishwarya Devi, Farhath Khanum, Chlorogenic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles with sustained release property, retained antioxidant activity and enhanced bioavailability, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 10, 3, (2015), 203-211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2014.09.005", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 231, "width": 228, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[23] D. Preethi, T. M. Sridhar, P. Josthna, C. V. Naidu, Studies on antibacterial activity, phytochemical analysis of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) - An important calorie free biosweetner, Journal of Ecobiotechnology , 3, 7, (2011), 5-10", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 287, "width": 228, "height": 71, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[24] Reşat Apak, Kubilay Güçlü, Mustafa Özyürek, Burcu Bektaşoğlu, Mustafa Bener, Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity Assay for Antioxidants in Human Serum and for Hydroxyl Radical Scavengers, in: D. Armstrong (Ed.) 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[ { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F307", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 192, "width": 255, "height": 343, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak— Sistem transportasi sudah bergerak menuju kearah gaya hidup dalam penggunaannya, Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada aktivitas kegiatan bersepeda saat ini yang hanya digunakan untuk kebutuhan jarak dekat, olahraga, berkumpul bersama teman, dan mengembangkan minat. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada masyarakat terutama yang tinggal dikota besar yang didukung dengan adanya aktivitas dan kegiatan pendukung oleh pemerintah maupun seperti instansi seperti lomba , sepeda santai, car free day. Tidak hanya itu program program pemerintah yang mendukung penggunaan sepeda, pengurangan polusi, dan kemacetan dengan dilihat dari perkembangan alat transportasi umum yang terus ditingkatkan dengan upaya agar masyarakat perkotaan yang memiliki aktivitas yang dinamis dapat beralih pada alat transportasi umum. Dengan upaya pemerintah tersebut maka perlu didukung dengan kebutuhan pengguna sepeda dalam menggunakan alat transportasi umum atau fasilitas umum lainnya. Dengan adanya fenomena dan potensi kedepannya maka dibutuhkan sepeda yang dapat menunjang aktifitas dan kebutuhan pengguna di perkotaan dengan aktifitas yang dinamis dan mobilitas tinggi. Sepeda tersebut harus memenuhi aspek kebutuhan pengguna seperti sepeda yang ringkas untuk dibawa dan dipindahkan dalam kendaraan umum atau kebutuhan lainnya dan ringan untuk mempermudah pengguna dalam membawa. Dari kedua konsep yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna maka ditemukan desain sepeda untuk diperkotaan dengan konsep mudah dibawa dan ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 548, "width": 222, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci— Sepeda Perkotaan, Mudah Dibawa, Ringan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 577, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 592, "width": 254, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ERKEMBANGAN pengguna sepeda di perkotaan semakin meningkat, disebabkan oleh gaya hidup sehat, kesadaran terhadap lingkungan dan kondisi lingkungan diperkotaan yang menjadikan sepeda tidak hanya sebagai alat transportasi tetapi gaya hidup ini dapat menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap kebutuhan pengguna perkotaan [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 661, "width": 254, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal ini terjadi karena daerah perkotaan memiliki daya tarik yang cukup memikat dalam bidang ekonomi dan industri bagi masyarakat yang ada di sekitarnya. Akibatnya, jumlah penduduk yang tinggal di kota ini semakin padat. Kondisi ini berdampak pada meningkatnya kebutuhan penduduk akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 192, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hunian, perkantoran, terutama sarana dan prasarana transportasi [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 215, "width": 254, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tahun 2011 sampai sekarang mulai berkembang kegiatan baru dalam rangka mengurangi polusi kota dengan bersepeda di Indonesia. Di Surabaya sendiri banyak kegiatan dan organisasi yang berkumpulan mulai dari kegiatan Go Green, Weekend Bike, Tour de East Java, sampai Bike to Work [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 284, "width": 254, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masyarakat antusias dalam menanggapi kegiatan tersebut. Mulai kaum muda sampai kaum tua menanggapi baik kegiatan ini, dan pengguna sepeda di kota – kota Indonesia pun meningkat. Sepeda urban yang kebanyakan di kuasai oleh fixie , tandem dan fold bike.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 342, "width": 255, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Melihat dari kebijakan pemerintah di beberapa kota yang banyak menciptakan fasilitas untuk kalangan pengguna sepeda seperti jalur khusus untuk pengguna sepeda, dan beberapa program terkait berkendara ramah lingkungan. Sepeda adalah sarana transportasi alternatif yang sudah tidak bisa lagi dipandang sebelah mata dalam segi kebutuhannya [4]. Hal ini menjadikan perlu adanya sistem pada sepeda yang dapat mempermudah dalam ruang terbatas dan kebutuhan pengguna dalam menggunakan transportasi umum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 445, "width": 255, "height": 90, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sepeda lipat adalah sebuah terobosan baru dalam bidang alat transportasi yang masuk dalam kendaraan roda dua. Dengan bentuknya yang menarik sepeda lipat ini menjadi trend dimasyarakat. sepeda jenis ini banyak yang menjadikannya sebagai incaran saat membeli sepeda karena bentuk dan desainnya yang unik. Juga dari sisi fungsi nya yang sangat tepat dalam menjawab kebutuhan akan efisiensi ruang penyimpanan [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 537, "width": 255, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Banyaknya peminat terhadap sepeda lipat juga menimbulkan banyak produsen sepeda berlomba menciptakan sepeda lipat dengan kreasi masing masing perusahaan. Sudah banyak sepeda lipat yang beredar di pasaran sekarang. Namun, desainnya masih dapat dikembangkan. Sebagai contoh, ukuran yang masih kurang ringkas untuk dibawa dalam kendaraan umum dan cara melipat yang masih tidak praktis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 618, "width": 254, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Banyak desain sepeda lipat yang ditujukan untuk muat ke dalam bagasi mobil sehingga masih lebih besar dan merepotkan jika dibawa ke dalam kendaraan umum. Jika ada yang sudah mengatasi dua masalah itu, biasanya harganya menjadi mahal. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan menghasilkan desain yang mudah dibawa dalam mobilitas dan ringan dalam segi bobot, dan biaya sehingga dapat menarik minat masyarakat untuk beralih menggunakan kendaraan umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 51, "width": 435, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain Sepeda yang Mendukung Aktivitas dan Gaya Hidup Masyarakat Kota Metropolitan dengan Konsep Mudah Dibawa dan Ringan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 144, "top": 126, "width": 329, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Shohihatul Kholilah, Bambang Tristiyono, dan Hertina Susandari Departemen Desain Produk , Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 597, "width": 16, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F308", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 53, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 71, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Tahap Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 85, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Studi Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 97, "width": 254, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mengumpulkan data yang digunakan sebagai data sekunder yang diambil dari jurnal, buku, dan lain-lain untuk menunjang riset desain yang dilakukan. Literatur review dibutuhkan untuk mencari jurnal yang relevan dengan perancangan yang sedang dilakukan. Jurnal ini dapat berupa apa yang sudah pernah dilakukan oleh orang lain, atau masih berupa rencana jangka panjang. Dari hasil review beberapa literatur ini maka didapatkan beberapa hal yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 188, "width": 253, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Standar ukuran bagasi pada kereta, Bus, dan apartemen tipe studio", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 211, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Kajian sikologi masyarakat urban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 223, "width": 227, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Desain Folding Bike yang telah sukses di negara lain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 234, "width": 258, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Sistem kuncian yang digunakan pada folding bike yang sudah ada", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 257, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Ergonomi mengendarai sepeda", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 268, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Sepeda lipat yang ada di Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 54, "top": 292, "width": 247, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Beberapa hasil diatas dapat juga dijadikan acuan dalam tinjauan pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 315, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Observasi Lapangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 326, "width": 255, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap pengambilan data berikutnya yakni melakukan observasi lapangan pada pengguna sepeda lipat untuk mengetahui rincian aktivitas pengguna selama beraktivitas menggunakan sepeda, kebiasaan pengguna dan perlakuan pengguna terhadap sepeda lipat. Selanjutnya hasil observasi digunakan untuk data primer, serta digunakan untuk mengonfirmasi masalah yang ada di jurnal dan dilapangan. 3) Affinity Diagram Metode berikutnya yaitu membuat affinity diagram Kawakita, penindakan lebih lanjut dari metode – metode sebelumnya. Affinity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 441, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "diagram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 441, "width": 254, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan masalah dan fenomena yang ada didapat dari hasil pengumpulan data sebelumnya. Selanjutnya dari semua isu permasalahan yang didapatkan dikelompokkan sesuai kata kunci yang sesuai sehingga membantu dalam pembuatan konsep desain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 510, "width": 254, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap pengumpulan data pendukung lainnya adalah pengambilan data sekunder yakni literatur dari jurnal, majalah, artikel dari web resmi, dan studi sebelumnya yang berkaitan guna menunjang vaiditas data primer yang dilakukan sebelumnya [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 574, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Eksplorasi Ide", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 588, "width": 249, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sketsa brainstorming : hasil dari data primer dan sekunder diolah kemudian diproses kembali melalui sketsa-sketsa untuk memunculkan ide baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 628, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Pemilihan Alternatif Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 643, "width": 257, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dari eksplorasi ide kemudian dipilih dan dikerucutkan kedalam beberapa alternative desain kemudian dipilih sesuai dengan indicator dan mengacu pada hasil riset dan desain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 695, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Studi dan Analisa Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 709, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alternatif yang telah dipilih dikembangkan menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 242, "width": 248, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "lebih detail dengan bantuan riset-riset yang telah dilakukan dan sesuai dengan konsep desain seperti aspek teknis, bentuk, dan semacamnya [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 282, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Digital Modelling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 296, "width": 248, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain yang terpilih kemudian disimulasikan secara digital untuk mendapatkan alternatif desain hingga terwujud desain akhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 336, "width": 66, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F. Prototyping", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 351, "width": 254, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain akhir yang terpilih direalisasikan dalam bentuk prototype berskala 1 : 1 menggunakan material aslinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 380, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "G. Usability Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 394, "width": 255, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap terakhir melakukan pengujian prototype menggunakan usability testing , yakni mencobakan kepada target user untuk mengetahui kekuatan, ketahanan beban dan kenyamanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 452, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. KONSEP DAN ANALISIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 470, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Konsep Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 484, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ide dan percobaan yang telah dilakukan kemudian diolah untuk menemukan konsep desain melalui brainstorming. Berikut adalah brainstorming yang dihasilkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 530, "width": 254, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Brainstorming tersebut menghasilkan 2 kata kunci dalam konsep desain, antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 551, "width": 255, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "• Konsep mudah dibawah disini berarti memiliki desain yang compact, ketika dalam posisi terlipat ukuran sepeda semakin kecil. Nyaman digunakan saat sepeda dalam keadaan normal maupun terlipat. Dan memiliki mekanisme pelipatan yang mudah dan singkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 609, "width": 254, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "• Konsep desain Ringan berarti sepeda lipat yang memiliki bobot kurang dari 10 kilo sehingga harus memilih material yang ringan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 655, "width": 148, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Analisa Penggunaan Kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 669, "width": 59, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 681, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Ban pada sepeda diharuskan dapat melewati dan beradaptasi pada dua jenis jalur jalan yang berbeda yaitu jalanan aspal dan paving.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 59, "width": 235, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Objective Tree Konsep Desain Mudah Dibawa Compact Ketika dilipat semakin kecil Mobilitas Mudah dibawa dan nyaman saat dalam sepeda terlipat maupun normal Mekanisme Proses pelipatan yang mudah dan singkat Ringan Bobot sepeda Bobot sepeda kurang dari 10 kilo Material Pemilihan material yang ringan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F309", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 458, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Size Sepeda diharuskan memaksimalkan ruang dan berat yang seefisien mungkin sehingga menggunakan ban roda 16 “ dan material frame yang mengejar kebutuhan tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 501, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Analisa Geometri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 515, "width": 254, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Analisa Geometri berfungsi dalam menentukan dimensi dan ukuran dari satu titik komponen ke komponen lain. Geometri sepeda mengacu pada jenis sepeda lipat kecil dengan roda 16”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 561, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 573, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Sadle menuju handle bar (740 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 584, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Tinggi seatpost dari tanah (900 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 595, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Tinggi bottom bracket dari tanah (280 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 607, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Tinggi toptube dari tanah (530 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 618, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Wheelbase bike (1040 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 630, "width": 255, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Geometri dari sepeda folding tersebut kita jadikan acuan, lalu kita kembangkan lebih lanjut untuk mengejar konsep compact, yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa pertimbangan struktur dan kekuatan dari banyaknya rangka yang digunakan agar lebih ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 46, "top": 699, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Sadle menuju handle bar (740 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 46, "top": 710, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Tinggi seatpost dari tanah (900 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 46, "top": 722, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Tinggi bottom bracket dari tanah (280 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 317, "top": 392, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Tinggi toptube dari tanah (470 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 317, "top": 403, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Wheelbase bike (1040 mm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 415, "width": 255, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian geometri dari sepeda acuan United yang sudah diberi tanda dimensi nya kita aplikasikan kepada desain kita, setelah itu dikembangkan lebih lanjut menjadi lebih minimalis berdasarkan pertimbangan aspek kekuatan dan juga kenyamanan ergonomi ketika mengendarai, mulai dari perubahan wheelbase, tinggi kemudi dan juga dudukan tapi tetap tidak mengurangi dimensi panjang dari dudukan dengan kemudi dari acuan United [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 515, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Analisa Akses Mengendarai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 529, "width": 254, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Analisa Ergonomi berfungsi dalam menentukan dimensi sepeda yang sesuai dengan kenyamanan user pria dan wanita dalam menggunakan sepeda, untuk itu diperlukan persentil anthropometri konsumen. Menurut Wilhelm Humpert (2015) terdapat 3 postur mengemudi sepeda jenis city bike yaitu all- round, trekking, dan sport.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 598, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Laki-laki 95 Persentil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 610, "width": 254, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil sepeda diukur berdasarkan kalkulasi dari pengukuran tinggi badan user laki-laki dengan tinggi 175 cm dan ditemukan berbagai lekukan garis pangkal paha menekuk maksimal pada pedal,sudut kemiringan bahu, dan sudut kemiringan lengan ketika mengemudi pada ukuran pria dengan persentil terbesar yang ada di daerah indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 687, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Wanita 50 Persentil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 698, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil sepeda diukur berdasarkan kalkulasi dari pengukuran tinggi badan user wanitadengan tinggi 150 cm dan ditemukan berbagai lekukan garis pangkal paha menekuk maksimal pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 238, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Geometri Folding Bike United Trifold", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 69, "top": 426, "width": 227, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Geometri folding bike United Trifold dengan desain", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 372, "top": 214, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3. Hasil Kalkulasi User 95%tile", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 371, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4. Hasil Kalkulasi User 50%tile", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F310", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 539, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pedal,sudut kemiringan bahu,dan sudut kemiringan lengan ketika mengemudi pada ukuran wanita dengan persentil sedang yang ada di daerah indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 582, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Analisa Posisi Membawa Sepeda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 596, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Ditarik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 607, "width": 59, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 619, "width": 255, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kelebihan dari cara membawa sepeda dengan posisi ditarik adalah tidak menggunakan tenaga yang berlebih, sedangkan kekurangannya terletak pada kuncian dari sepeda harus benar- benar menjaga agar sepeda tidak terbuka ketika ditarik. 2) Dijinjing Keterangan : Posisi tersebut memiliki kelebihan mudah untuk dioperasionalkan karena masih terlihat oleh jarak pandang kita dan tidak perlu memikirkan akses yang mengganggu. Dan kekurangannya mengeluarkan tenaga yang berlebih ketika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 446, "width": 254, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menjinjing bobot yang berat sehingga dapat menimbulkan kelelahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 469, "width": 254, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Digendong Keterangan : Dibawa dengan cara digendong memiliki kelebihan cara membawanya lebih terhendel dan kedua tangan lebih mudah untuk melakukan aktifitas selain itu tidak perlu memikirkan akses yang mengganggu karena semua berada dalam kendali kita. Kekurangannya mengeluarkan tenaga yang berlebih ketika menggendong bobot yang berat sehingga dapat menimbulkan kelelahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 584, "width": 53, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 594, "width": 254, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari gambar di atas kita menemukan berbagai alternatif posisi membawa sepeda ketika sedang dilipat yang dari beberapa kemungkinan tersebut bisa mempengaruhi desain kita. Dari ketiga operasional membawa sepeda lebih condong memilih dijinjing karena faktor efektif diletakan maupun dibawa, dan juga tidak perlu membuat mekanisme yang rumit untuk mendesain sistem kuncian sepeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 274, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 5. Posisi ketika ditarik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 518, "width": 143, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 6. Posisi ketika digendong", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 268, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7. Posisi ketika dijinjing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 370, "top": 426, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 6. Brainstorming Sketsa Ide", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F311", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 365, "top": 53, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 71, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Eksplorasi Ide", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 85, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pencarian ide awal dengan brainstorming sketsa untuk menemukan transformasi awal secara umum dan morfologi bentuk yang sesuai konsep desain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 119, "width": 255, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari Sketsa diatas kita mendapatkan keysketch yang akan dikembangkan menjadi desain alternatif tahap pertama. Dengan berbagai macam sketsa kasar dengan berbagai macam jenis kuncian kita kembangkan. Dan dalam aspek sketsa ini kita hanya menentukan bentuk yang sesuai dengan pertimbangan dari Design Requirement and Objective tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 196, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Alternatif Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 211, "width": 232, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun untuk melihat gambar desain, dengan berbagai alternative bisa dilihat pada gambar 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 240, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Pemilihan Alternatif Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 254, "width": 241, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rentang penilaian dari angka 1-5 mengindikasikan nilai dari setiap alternatif desain yang mengacu pada parameter item berdasarkan sumber. Berikut deskripsi masing-masing parameter:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 301, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Kekuatan Struktur (0,5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 312, "width": 255, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Struktur rangka utama merupakan komponen yang paling utama dalam mendesain ride on toys yang menentukan keberhasilan perwujudan sistem transformable. Hal ini karena struktur rangka dipengaruhi oleh distribusi beban dan gaya pengendara yang dianalisis dalam analisis geometri. Apabila rangka memiliki jumlah part lepas pasang paling sedikit dan tidak mengenai titik kritis, maka nilai rates semakin baik [3]. 2) Sistem Operasional Pelipatan (0,3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 404, "width": 255, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Komponen penting prioritas kedua adalah kemudahan dalam mengoperasionalkan pelipatan sepeda maka pemilihan kuncian pada sepeda lipat merupakan hal penting agar pengguna lebih mudah dalam mengoperasionalkan sepeda. 3) Kemudahan Produksi (0,2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 461, "width": 254, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator berikut memiliki poin paling rendah karena merupakan prioritas paling terakhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 496, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Deskripsi Rates:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 507, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alternatif 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 519, "width": 255, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada indikator kekuatan struktur, rates bernilai 3 karena memiliki banyak rangka pada frame belakang. Untuk indikator system operasional pelipatan, rates bernilai 4 karena system lipat yang digunakan memiliki kemudahan operasional dan tidak perlu alat bantu tambahan saat lepas pasang. Melihat dari aspek kekuatan sambungan, efisiensi penguncian, daya tahan perawatan, pertimbangan proses produksi, maupun estetika.Sehingga didapatlah pemilihan Sistem kuncian lipat yaitu jenis Quick Release milik Dahon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 622, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk kemudahan produksi bernilai paling kecil yakni 1 karena membutuhkan waktu lama untuk membuat rangka belakang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 668, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alternatif 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 680, "width": 255, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rates bernilai 3 pada kekuatan struktur karena memiliki banyak rangka pada frame belakang. Untuk indikator system operasional pelipatan memiliki rates yang sama bernilai 4 karena system lipat yang digunakan memiliki kemudahan operasional dan tidak perlu alat bantu tambahan saat lepas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 337, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7-3. Alternatif Desain ke-3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 247, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7-1. Alternatif Desain ke-1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 437, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7-2. Alternatif Desain ke-2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 171, "top": 460, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 471, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemilihan alternative desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 66, "top": 496, "width": 94, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N o Paramete r Item W Deskrip", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 487, "width": 217, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "si Alternatif 1 Alternatif 2 Alternatif 3 Rate s Tota l Rate s Total Rates Tota l 1 Kekuatan Struktur 0,5 Struktur Rangka 3 1, 5 3 1, 5 3 1,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 272, "top": 541, "width": 5, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 566, "width": 5, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 83, "top": 554, "width": 194, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sistem Operasio nal Pelipatan 0,3 Mekanis me operasion al 4 1, 2 4 1, 2 4 1,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 272, "top": 570, "width": 5, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 595, "width": 5, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 54, "top": 587, "width": 237, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudah an Produksi 0,2 Produse n 1 0, 2 2 0, 4 3 0, 6 Total 1 2, 9 3, 1 3, 3 Keterangan: 1= Sangat Kurang 3= Cukup 5= Sangat Baik 2= Kurang 4= Baik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F312", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 442, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pasang. Sedangkan untuk kemudahan produksi bernilai 2 karena pembuatan rangkanya sedikit agak lama dibandingkan alternatif 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 488, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 499, "width": 254, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada alternatif 3, memiliki kekuatan struktur paling baik sehingga rates bernilai 3. Untuk indikator system operasional pelipatan, rates bernilai 4 karena system lipat yang digunakan memiliki kemudahan operasional dan tidak perlu alat bantu tambahan saat lepas pasang. Melihat dari aspek kekuatan sambungan, efisiensi penguncian, daya tahan perawatan, pertimbangan proses produksi, maupun estetika.Sehingga didapatlah pemilihan Sistem kuncian lipat yaitu jenis Quick Release milik Dahon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 603, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk kemudahan produksi bernilai paling besar yakni 4 karena rangka yang digunakan tidak terlalu banyak sehingga proses produksinya bisa cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 643, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Desain Final", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 658, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut ini adalah desain final yang sesuai dengan konsep", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 669, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mudah Dibawa dan Ringan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 687, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Prototype", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 701, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut ini adalah dokumentasi hasil prototipe dari produk yang dihasilkan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 215, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F. Usability Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 229, "width": 255, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain terpilih yang dilakukan usability testing kepada pengguna dengan bobot 75 kg untuk mengetahui ketahanan beban, struktur, dan kenyamanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 264, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil usability testing :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 275, "width": 226, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pada desain akhir, rangka yang dikembangkan dapat menahan beban 75 kg.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 298, "width": 255, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Sambungan yang digunakan juga mampu mentransformasi dengan presisi untuk setiap perubahan fase lipatan V. KESIMPULAN Penelitian dan perancangan ini bertujuan untuk mengkonseptualisasi dan menghasilkan desain sepeda lipat, dimana kebutuhan yang padat dari masyarakat urban yang semakin meningkat. Berikut merupakan kesimpulan yang didapatkan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 413, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Keperluan sebuah segment kendaraan yang dapat menjawab isu penempatan ruang terbatas dimana era nya sudah sangat efisien dan efektif dalam berbagai hal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 448, "width": 254, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Menjadikan sepeda ini mampu bersaing di era yang semakin dibutuhkan masyarakat perkotaan yaitu sepeda dengan simpel dan ergonomis untuk dibawa dan digunakan dalam kondisi apapun yang menyangkut penggunaan ruang terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 505, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Pada penelitian ini mendefinisikan value dari sepeda ini yang merupakan kenyamanan serta kebebasan dalam melakukan mobilitas dimanapun dan kapanpun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 384, "top": 551, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 563, "width": 255, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terimakasih kepada Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember yang telah memberikan saya kesempatan belajar. Terimakasih kepada para dosen khususnya dosen pembimbing saya Pak Bambang Tristiyono dalam menyususn riset ini dari awal hingga selesai. Mengucapkan terima kasih juga kepada Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia yang telah memberikan dukungan finansial melalui Beasiswa Bidik Misi tahun 2014- 2019. Penulis juga diperkenankan menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada sponsor penyedia dana penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 249, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 8. Desain Final", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 411, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 9. Hasil Prototype", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 350, "top": 190, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 10. Prototype Desain Akhir.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL SAINS DAN SENI ITS Vol. 8, No. 2 (2019), 2337-3520 (2301-928X Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F313", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 53, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 66, "width": 251, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] D. T. B. Kurniawan, “Desain Sepeda Kampus sebagai Sarana Penunjang Mobilitas Mahasiswa di Dalam kampus, Studi Kasus: Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember,” 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 112, "width": 210, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[2] E. T. Ramadhan and B. Tristiyono, “Design", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 126, "width": 199, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Requirements & Objectives Sepeda Listrik untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 135, "width": 213, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Siswi Sekolah Menengah Melalui Riset Konsumen,”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 149, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J. Sains dan Seni ITS , vol. 8, no. 1, May 2019, doi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 160, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10.12962/j23373520.v8i1.41899.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 170, "width": 246, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[3] S. . Leonard, “Sepeda Hybrid 16 inch dengan Sistem Portable,” 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 195, "width": 247, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[4] A. Fathan, “Desain Urban Folding Bike 2020 dengan Konsep Dinamis Efektif dan Compact,” 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 216, "width": 220, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[5] M. P. Putri and B. Tristiyono, “Desain Sepeda Kampus Yang Menunjang Sistem Bike-Share", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 241, "width": 203, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Generasi Keempat(+) Untuk Kawasan Kampus Universitas Indonesia Dengan Konsep Unisex,” J. Sains dan Seni ITS , vol. 7, no. 2, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.12962/j23373520.v7i2.36357.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 282, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GADJAH MADA JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGY (GAMAJPP) VOLUME 5, NO. 1, 2019: 1-14 ISSN: 2407-7801 DOI: 10.22146/gamajpp.48582", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 785, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 90, "width": 410, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menjawab Tantangan Pengasuhan Ibu Bekerja: Validasi Modul", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 108, "width": 395, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“ Smart Parenting ” untuk Meningkatkan Parental Self-Efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 141, "width": 153, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitri Hayati 1 & Arum Febriani 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 156, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 186, "width": 454, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. This study aimed to validate \"Smart Parenting\" a training module to increase feeling of competence in carrying out the duties as parent, or Parental Self-Efficacy (PSE) of working mothers with toddler. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental design in a model of untreated control group design with dependent pretest, posttest, and follow up among 12 participants. Six participants were in treatment group, and the other six were in control group. \"Smart Parenting\" was arranged based on Work-Family Balance and Domain Specific Parenting for Toddler. The maternal self-efficacy was measured using the short version of Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index-Toddler Scale. The statistical analysis using Mann Whitney Test showed that there was a difference (p<0.05) in mother’s PSE between experimental group and control group. This research concluded that the \"Smart Parenting\" training program is effective for the purpose of increasing PSE for working mothers with toddlers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 379, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : parental self-efficacy; parenting program; working mothers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 455, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi modul pelatihan \" Sm art Parenting \" untuk meningkatkan perasaan kompetensi ibu bekerja yang memiliki toddler dalam melaksanakan tugas mereka sebagai orangtua, atau Parental Self-Efficacy (PSE). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi-eksperimen dengan model the untreated control group design with dependent pretest, posttest, and follow up pada 12 partisipan, enam partisipan dalam kelompok perlakuan, dan enam partisipan dalam kelompok kontrol. Modul \" Sm art Parenting \" disusun berdasarkan Work-Fam ily Balance dan Dom ain Specific Parenting for Toddler . Pengukuran efikasi ibu merujuk pada versi singkat dari SEPTI-TS ( Self-Efficacy for Parenting Tasks Index-Toddler Scale ). Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan PSE yang signifikan (p< 0,05) antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program pelatihan \" Sm art Parenting \" efektif untuk meningkatkan PSE ibu bekerja yang memiliki toddler .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 395, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : efikasi diri pengasuhan; ibu bekerja; program pelatihan pengasuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 632, "width": 205, "height": 84, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks keluarga Indonesia, khususnya Jawa, salah satu sifat perempuan yang baik yang dijelaskan dalam Serat Yadyasusila adalah gem ati yaitu menunaikan kewajiban sebagai istri dengan baik, meliputi merawat rumah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 194, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Korespondensi mengenai isi artikel ini dapat dilakukan melalui [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 761, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 atau melalui [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 316, "top": 632, "width": 205, "height": 84, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tangga, mengatur keuangan, dan mendidik anak (Hariwijaya dalam Roqib, 2007). Oleh karena itu, ibu memiliki tanggung jawab terkait dengan urusan domestik rumah tangga dan anak-anak (Khotimah, 2009). Hal ini juga berlaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 38, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAYATI & FEBRIANI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 9, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 427, "top": 785, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 205, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagi ibu yang bekerja. Selain harus bekerja profesional di luar rumah, sebagai ibu rumah tangga ibu juga memiliki kewajiban menyelenggarakan dan mengatur rumah (Nafisah, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 150, "width": 205, "height": 353, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran ganda yang ibu jalankan seringkali membawa dilema tersendiri yang membuat ibu merasa kurang yakin dengan pengasuhan yang dijalankannya, terutama ketika anak masih kecil ( toddler /anak usia 2-3 tahun). Ibu rentan merasa sedih, merasa bersalah, merasa tidak maksimal sebagai ibu karena tidak bisa mendampingi proses tumbuh kembang anak secara optimal di masa golden age , sebagaimana yang diungkapkan oleh Mia (nama samaran) dan Tiwi (nama samaran). Perasaan bersalah ibu ini lebih besar daripada perasaan bersalah ayah (Borelli, Nelson, River, Birken, & Moss-Racusin, 2016). Ibu yang bekerja juga membawa pengalaman dari tempat kerja ke dalam rumah (Crouter & McHale, 2005) seperti yang diungkapkan Hana (nama samaran) dan Tiwi. Keduanya mengungkapkan bahwa mereka masih membawa permasalahan di kantor ke dalam rumah sehingga memengaruhi pengasuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 205, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Praktik pengasuhan yang dilakukan orangtua meliputi pemahaman dan responsitivitas orangtua.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 205, "height": 220, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemahaman orang tua terhadap kebutuhan dan kemampuan anak dalam setiap tahap perkembangan membuat orangtua dapat merespon anak secara empatik serta menyediakan stimulasi yang memadai untuk mendukung tumbuh kembang anak (Levins & Munsch, 2011). Praktik pengasuhan orang tua salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh parenting cognition (Smith, 2017). Parenting cognition adalah apa yang dipikirkan orang tua tentang anak-anak mereka dan bagaimana mereka memikirkan cara membesarkan anak-anak tersebut (Holden, 2015). Salah satu konstruk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 205, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membangun parenting cognition adalah self-perception dan salah satu jenis self- perception tersebut adalah feeling of self efficacy (Holden, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 135, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parental self efficacy (PSE)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 150, "width": 205, "height": 189, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan turunan dari konsep self efficacy yang dikemukakan oleh Albert Bandura (Sansom, 2010). PSE adalah estimasi penilaian diri sendiri terhadap kemampuan menjalankan peran sebagai orang tua untuk memberikan pengaruh positif ke dalam tingkah laku dan perkembangan anak mereka (Coleman & Karraker, 2003). Self-efficacy ini merupakan kunci perubahan tingkah laku individu dalam sistem Bandura (Alwisol, 2009). Oleh karena itu parental self-efficacy menentukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 484, "top": 328, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "praktik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 343, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengasuhan yang dijalankan orang tua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 358, "width": 205, "height": 203, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam studi terdahulu, terbukti bahwa PSE berpengaruh terhadap pengasuhan (Wittkowski, Garrett, Calam, dan Weisberg, 2017; Coleman dan Karraker, 1998), menentukan parental warm th dan parental control (Izzo, Weiss, Shanahan, & Rodriguez-Brown, 2000), memengaruhi proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak, penyesuaian anak (Jones & Prinz, 2005), perilaku agresif anak (Rachmawati & Hastuti, 2017), serta meningkatkan aktivitas fisik anak dan mengurangi screen tim e pada anak (Huilan, Wen, dan Chris, 2015) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 565, "width": 205, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PSE sendiri dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Dari studi terdahulu, faktor-faktor tersebut adalah persepsi orangtua terhadap anak (Coleman & Karraker, 2000); pengalaman orangtua (Coleman & Karraker, 2000; Tomczewski, 2009); usia anak (Coleman & Karraker 2000); pendapatan keluarga (Coleman & Karraker, 2000; Yu, 2011); tingkat pendidikan orangtua (Coleman & Karraker, 2000); pengetahuan orangtua (Tomczewski, 2009); dukungan pasangan, keluarga, teman dan komunitas (Yu, 2011); keterlibatan orangtua (Dewi &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 38, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGASUHAN, IBU BEKERJA, SMART PARENTING, PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 785, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 205, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indrasari, 2017); dan fatigue (kelelahan yang sangat dan terus-menerus) serta dukungan informasional (pemberian nasihat, pengarahan dan masukan) (Ningrum, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 150, "width": 205, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan peran ganda yang dijalankan ibu bekerja, ibu membutuhkan keseimbangan peran dalam keluarga maupun pekerjaannya. Keseimbangan kerja-keluarga ibu mengalami fase terendah ketika berada pada tahap anak terkecil berusia prasekolah dan tahap remaja (Wepfer, Brauchli, Jenny, Hämmig, dan Bauer (2015).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 283, "width": 205, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keseimbangan kerja-keluarga adalah pencapaian ekspektasi terkait dengan peran yang dinegosiasikan dan dibagikan antara individu dan mitra perannya dalam domain kerja dan keluarga (Grzywacz dan Carlson, 2007). Dalam perannya di dalam keluarga, tercapainya harapan ibu ini menunjukkan tingkat keyakinan pengasuhan yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 417, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 205, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan dukungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 432, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "informasional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 205, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan menstimulasi terbentuknya keseimbang- an kerja-keluarga untuk meningkatkan PSE ibu bekerja dengan anak toddler maka peneliti menyusun sebuah modul pelatihan “ Sm art Parenting ”. Bentuk pengembangan PSE yang tepat adalah melalui training (Polivanova, Vopilova, & Nisskaya, 2016). Oleh karena itu modul ini dikemas dalam bentuk training yang menggunakan sumber-sumber PSE yang disebutkan oleh Bandura (1997), yaitu enactive m astery experiences, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion , dan psychological", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 640, "width": 205, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and affective states . Penyampaian modul menggunakan metode experiential learning . Metode ini menekankan pada pengalaman individu dan juga kemampuannya dalam merefleksikan pengalamannya untuk membentuk pengetahuan. Menurut Kolb (2015), metode ini dapat membantu mengatasi kesulitan belajar karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 205, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berasal dari pengalaman-pengalaman yang dialami. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah modul pelatihan “Sm art Parenting ” bisa meningkatkan P arental Self Efficacy ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak toddler .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 401, "top": 188, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipan penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 211, "height": 309, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan di Bantul, Kota Yogyakarta dan Sleman. Partisipan penelitian ini pada awalnya berjumlah 17 orang, namun hanya 12 partisipan (6 orang menjadi kelompok kontrol dan 6 orang menjadi eksperimen) yang dimasukkan dalam analisis statistic , karena lima orang partisipan merupakan outlier . Teknik sam pling yang digunakan adalah purposive sam pling dengan kriteria inklusi sebagai berikut: (1) ibu bekerja penuh waktu minimal 40 jam/minggu; (2) memiliki anak berusia 2-3 tahun yang tinggal serumah; (3) memiliki suami yang tinggal serumah; (4) bersedia menjadi partisipan dengan mengikuti program pelatihan selama 1 pekan dan menandatangani inform ed consent . Dari data demografi diketahui usia partisipan berada pada rentang 26-35 tahun, dengan tingkat pendidikan D3 - S2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 568, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrum en penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 583, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 instrumen. Kuesioner dem ografi . Informasi yang diungkap dalam kuesioner demografi adalahdata personal partisipan seperti usia dan jumlah anak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 657, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Modul Pelatihan “Sm art Parenting”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 672, "width": 211, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Modul ini disusun berdasarkan dimensi keseimbangan kerja-keluarga (Greenhaus, Collins & Shaw, 2003) yaitu peningkatan keseimbangan waktu dan keterlibatan, serta domain PSE untuk toddler (Van Rijen, Gasanova, Boonstra & Huijding, 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 38, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAYATI & FEBRIANI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 9, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 427, "top": 785, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 233, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yaitu nurturance, playing, routine dan discipline . Modul terdiri dari 3 bagian, yaitu panduan training , buku materi untuk peserta serta buku tugas untuk peserta. Pelatihan sendiri terdiri dari empat sesi, sesi pertama mengenai peran orangtua bagi anak, sesi kedua mengenai waktu berkualitas dan keterlibatan orangtua pada dunia anak, sesi ketiga mengenai materi pengasuhan anak untuk anak toddler , dan sesi keempat (dilaksanakan sepekan setelah sesi 1, 2,dan 3) merupakan sesi refleksi dan sesi sharing . Jeda 1 pekan merupakan sesi online dimana trainer memberikan motivasi harian dengan media sosial ( WhatsApp ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 313, "width": 211, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tes pengetahuan pengasuhan . Tes pengetahuan terdiri dari 8 soal. Contoh pertanyaan adalah Apa saja manfaat bermain bagi anak? Dan permainan apa saja yang cocok untuk anak toddler ?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 387, "width": 211, "height": 220, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala Self-Effficacy for Parenting Tasks Index-Toddler Scale (SEPTI-TS) versi pendek (Van Rijen et al ., 2014) yang telah diadaptasi oleh Lubis dan Hildayani (2015). Contoh aitem dalam skala tersebut adalah “Sulit bagi saya untuk bermain dan bersantai dengan anak saya” dan ”Anak saya merasa sangat dicintai oleh saya” Pengisian jawaban skala menggunakan 6 skala Likert (Sangat Tidak Setuju – Sangat Setuju). Uji coba skala dilakukan oleh peneliti, melibatkan 164 orang. Uji coba dilakukan secara online menggunakan googleform di seluruh Indonesia kecuali Sleman, Kotamadya Yogyakarta dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 211, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bantul yang merupakan wilayah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian. SEPTI-TS versi pendek memiliki 26 aitem, namun setelah uji coba, 4 aitem gugur karena memiliki nilai koefisien < 0,30, yaitu aitem 1,2, 5 dan aitem 22. Oleh karena itu skala baru yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memiliki 22 aitem. Reliabilitas skala baru yang dihitung menggunakan formula Cronbach’s Alpha adalah α = 0,862. Hal ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa skala yang baru memiliki reliabilitas yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 135, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen kuasi dengan desain untreated control group design with dependent pretest , posttest and follow up . Desain penelitian ini menggunakan kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok pembanding yang tidak diberikan perlakuan (Shadish, Cook & Campbel, 2002). Penempatan partisipan ke dalam kedua kelompok menggunakan teknik non random ize , partisipan yang bersedia mengikuti pelatihan secara penuh menjadi kelompok eksperimen, sedangkan yang tidak bersedia menjadi kelompok kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 358, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 373, "width": 214, "height": 248, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu (1) studi pendahuluan, meliputi observasi di PAUD/TK Alam Avicena, Bantul serta wawancara kepada tiga ibu bekerja dengan anak toddler ; (2) persiapan penelitian, meliputi penyusunan program dan modul pelatihan, buku materi dan buku kerja untuk partisipan, pencetakan poster, penyusunan lembar observasi, pembuatan lembar evaluasi pelaksanaan, ujicoba skala, serta pemilihan trainer dan observer; (3) pelaksanaan penelitian, meliputi validasi isi dan validasi fungsional. Validasi isi digunakan untuk memastikan apakah modul yang disusun adalah valid, tidak terbatas pada makna tercapai-tidaknya tujuan pemberian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 625, "width": 211, "height": 145, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "intervensi saja, tetapi mencakup juga makna keselarasan antara isi materi yang diberikan dalam pelatihan dengan tujuannya (Azwar, 2018). Sedangkan validasi fungsional adalah validasi yang ditujukan untuk memastikan bahwa modul intervensi memang berfungsi secara empirik sesuai dengan tujuannya (Azwar, 2018). Validasi fungsional ini meliputi pelaksanaan intervensi, dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 129, "top": 38, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGASUHAN, IBU BEKERJA, SMART PARENTING, PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 785, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 212, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penghitungan skor skala. Intervensi berupa serangkaian program pelatihan parenting yang terdiri dari 4 sesi offline (2 kali pertemuan dengan jeda 1 pekan), dan 6 hari sesi online dan tugas rumah. Total pelaksanaan intervensi 8 hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengam bilan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 194, "width": 211, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan paper based questionnaire dan Googleform . Follow up dilakukan 2 pekan setelah intervensi. Analisis tambahan dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap 5 partisipan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 283, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode analisis data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 211, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, yaitu Mann Whitney U untuk menguji apakah ada perbedaan m ean dari gain score (selisih skor dua pengukuran) pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen. Sebagai analisis tambahan dilakukan Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test dan Friedman’s Anova untuk menguji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 211, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perbedaan pretest-posttest-follow up kelompok eksperimen. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan program SPSS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validasi isi dilakukan oleh enam orang ahli yang memberikan penilaian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap modul dengan rentang nilai 1 (sangat tidak relevan) - 5 (sangat relevan). Nilai Aiken V masing-masing kegiatan berada pada rentang nilai 0,667 – 0,958. Sedangkan nilai Aiken V secara keseluruhan yaitu 0,849. Hal ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 164, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa isi modul “ Sm art Parenting” memiliki validitas isi yang baik (V > 0,50). Para ahli juga memberikan masukan kualitatif seperti penggunaan bahasa, metode, alokasi waktu, ice breaking dan hal-hal teknis terkait proses pelatihan. Modul kemudian direvisi setelah mendapat saran dari para ahli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 298, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validasi fungsional Modul Pelatihan ”Sm art Parenting”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 160, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada histogram kelompok kontrol (Gambar 1) diketahui bahwa NHY, RF, OET, ATN memiliki perbedaan skor yang cukup drastis (> 10 poin). Pada histogram kelompok eksperimen (Gambar 2) LA memiliki skor yang menurun pada saat posttest . Kelima partisipan tersebut kemudian dimasukkan dalam data outlier sehingga tidak diikutkan dalam uji statistic. Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji Mann Whitney dengan langkah-langkah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 38, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAYATI & FEBRIANI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 9, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 427, "top": 785, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 366, "width": 214, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengujian merujuk pada Field (2009). Hasilnya adalah z sebesar -2,246 dan p- value sebesar 0,025 (p<0,05). Bisa disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada skor PSE antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok eksperimen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 463, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 463, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "analisis tambahan, dilakukan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test . Dari uji tersebut diketahui bahwa nilai z sebesar 2,207b dengan p-value 0,027 (< 0,05). Bisa disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest pada kelompok eksperimen. Selain itu juga dilakukan Uji Friedman’s Anova, dengan hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 211, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "significance value pengujian adalah 0,006 ( p- value <0,05). Bisa disimpulkan bahwa pada pengujian pretests-posttest-follow sekaligus, modul “ Sm art Parenting ” berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan PSE ibu pada kelompok eksperimen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai data tambahan, peneliti melakukan wawancara kepada NST, LA, FBR (kelompok eksperimen) dan RF, ATN dan OET (kelompok kontrol). NST memiliki tren skor yang semakin naik, NST", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 366, "width": 211, "height": 323, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merasa berhasil membentuk sebuah rutinitas yang baik untuk anaknya. LA memiliki skor turun pada periode pretest- posttest , LA memiliki banyak idealisme pada saat pertemuan pertama namun gagal dilaksanakan. FBR memiliki kenaikan skor terbanyak, FBR melakukan tugas sesuai prosedur. RF memiliki peningkatan skor tertinggi di kelompok kontrol, RF menerima bonus akhir tahun yang digunakan untuk membayar tunggakan uang sekolah anaknya. OET memiliki peningkatan skor tertinggi setelah RF, OET mengikuti komunitas parenting dan mempratikkan materi yang disampaikan dalam program komunitas parenting tersebut. ATN memiliki tren skor yang semakin menurun di kelompok kontrol. ATN memiliki beban pekerjaan yang meningkat drastis, sehingga mengganggu hubungan dengan suami, anak dan teman sejawat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 400, "top": 708, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak tahun 2000-an tren pengasuhan memasuki masa transisi dari program", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 38, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGASUHAN, IBU BEKERJA, SMART PARENTING, PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 785, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada orang tua dan membekalinya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 105, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 214, "height": 219, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterampilan tertentu, ke program yang bertujuan pada identitas keorangtuaan, pengalaman, keyakinan dan persepsi, kepercayaan diri, dan kecemasan orang tua (Smith dalam Polivanova, Vopilova, & Nisskaya, 2016). Salah satu konsep yang semakin popular akhir-akhir ini adalah parental self efficacy dan bentuk pengembangan PSE yang tepat adalah melalui training (Polivanova et al. , 2016). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi modul pelatihan “ Sm art Parenting ” dalam meningkatkan parental self efficacy ibu bekerja yang memiliki anak toddler .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, modul “ Sm art Parenting ” memiliki validasi isi yang baik. Validasi isi yang baik menunjukkan bahwa modul tersebut telah valid, sesuai dengan tujuan intervensi, dan tercapai keselarasan antara isi materi yang diberikan dalam pelatihan dengan tujuannya (Azwar, 2018) yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 447, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "meningkatkan parental self efficacy . Modul tersebut juga memiliki validasi fungsional yang baik. Partisipan mengalami peningkatan skor PSE yang signifikan setelah mendapat pelatihan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 521, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, dari penelitian diketahui bahwa pengetahuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 536, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengasuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "partisipan juga meningkat secara signifikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bertambahnya pengetahuan pengasuhan seiring dengan meningkatnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PSE. Tomczewski (2009) mengungkapkan bahwa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 211, "height": 145, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetahuan orang tua berhubungan dengan PSE. Hal ini memperkuat pendapat Bandura (1997) yang menjelaskan bahwa pengetahuan merupakan modal bagi individu untuk memberikan penilaian terhadap efikasi dirinya. Spot dan Conroy (dalam Coleman & Karraker, 1998) juga mengungkapkan bahwa efikasi diri memiliki hubungan positif dengan tendensi spesifik dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perilaku konkret, seperti usaha orang tua untuk mengedukasi dirinya sendiri mengenai pengasuhan, misalnya dengan mengikuti program pendidikan orang tua dan membaca literatur yang relevan dengan pengasuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 164, "width": 211, "height": 145, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu hal yang dinilai efektif mendukung keberhasilan pelatihan ini adalah desain/metode pelatihan. Menurut Burke dan Hutchins (2008) salah satu yang memengaruhi proses transfer dari suatu pelatihan yaitu desain/metode pelatihan. Hal ini selaras dengan pendapat Afiatin, Sonjaya dan Pertiwi (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu hal yang memengaruhi keberhasilan program", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 313, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelatihan adalah desain atau transfer pembelajaran meliputi tujuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 343, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran, relevansi konten, instruksi, metode, media dan strategi pengelolaan diri yang relevan dengan transfer pelatihan. Pelatihan “ Sm art Parenting ”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 417, "width": 211, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan pendekatan experiential learning. Pendekatan ini menekankan pada fase “ doing ” dan “ reflection ” dalam tahapan proses belajarnya. Polivanova et al. (2016) mengungkapkan bahwa pengembangan efikasi diri dimungkinkan melalui refleksi, latihan kreatif dan melalui pembuatan strategi pengasuhan anak serta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 536, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengambilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 536, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keputusan independen", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam konteks lingkungan yang mendukung. Tahap “ doing ” dan “ reflection ” ini bisa lebih dijiwai oleh partisipan dengan mengikuti permainan, role-play , diskusi, studi kasus juga presentasi. Tahap selanjutnya adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 640, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“ thinking ” dan “ planning ”. Pada tahap ini partisipan diajak untuk memikirkan pola pengasuhan yang selama ini dijalankan dan kemudian distimulasi untuk merencanakan perbaikan yang bisa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 714, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 714, "width": 211, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipan diberikan kesempatan untuk memasuki experiential learning cycle yang kedua dengan mempratikkan atau melakukan perbaikan-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 38, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAYATI & FEBRIANI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 9, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 427, "top": 785, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 144, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perbaikan yang telah direncanakan selama waktu jeda antara pertemuan pertama dengan pertemuan kedua dan kemudian merefleksikannya dalam buku kerja setiap hari. Pada pertemuan kedua, partisipan akan distimulasi untuk memasuki tahap “ thinking ” dan “ planning ” yang kedua kalinya. Secara umum dalam pelatihan ini terdapat dua siklus experiential learning yang dialami oleh partisipan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, hasil penelitian ini menguatkan penelitian-penelitian se- belumnya yang menggunakan metode experiential learning sebagai metode belajar yang efektif untuk meningkatkan self", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 211, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "efficacy . Penelitian terdahulu yang menggunakan metode ini antara lain penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wardhani (2018) untuk meningkatkan parental self efficacy ibu dengan anak usia SD, Zhu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2018) untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri pekerja, Jarpe-Ratner, Folkens, Sharma, Daro, dan Edens (2016) untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri memasak, serta Watters, Stabulas-Savage, Toppin, Janal, dan Robbins (2015) untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri dokter gigi dalam menangani pasien dengan perawatan kesehatan yang khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 211, "height": 264, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil evaluasi pelatihan, sesi yang paling banyak dipilih sebagai sesi yang paling menarik adalah sesi Ceritaku- Ceritamu (sesi keempat). Sesi ini adalah sesi saat masing-masing partisipan diminta bercerita mengenai kekhawatiran atas ketidakpastian yang dirasakan, bercerita mengenai pengalaman pengasuhan mereka yang berhasil serta pengalaman mereka dalam melakukan tugas rumah khususnya terkait “toples kebaikan”. Partisipan yang lain diminta mencari inspirasi apa yang dapat mereka pelajari dari cerita masing-masing partisipan dan menuliskan kalimat apresiasinya dalam sebuah kartu apresiasi yang kemudian diserahkan kepada partisipan yang bercerita tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandura (1989) mengungkapkan bahwa riwayat pencapaian keberhasilan masa lalu memainkan peran yang utama dalam memunculkan efikasi diri. Menurut Alwisol (2009) salah satu cara induksi PSE melalui pengalaman performansi adalah perform ance exposure , yaitu menonjolkan keberhasilan yang pernah diraih. Hal inilah yang membuat sesi sharing dimungkinkan menjadi sesi yang bisa menguatkan PSE. Dalam sharing tersebut partisipan diminta untuk menceritakan pengalaman pengasuhan yang positif yang selama ini dijalani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 283, "width": 211, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandura (1997) juga menyebutkan bahwa sumber efikasi diri yang lain adalah vicarious experience atau pengalaman orang lain. Orang lain yang dimaksud disini adalah orang lain yang dianggap berkedudukan setara. Alwisol (2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 373, "width": 211, "height": 159, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengemukakan salah satu cara induksi PSE melalui vicarious experience adalah dengan live m odeling , yaitu dengan mengamati model yang nyata. Partisipan mengaku bahwa setelah mendengarkan cerita dari masing-masing partisipan, mereka menyadari bahwa ternyata ibu-ibu bekerja yang lain memiliki tantangan yang sama, dan ternyata ibu-ibu yang lain bisa mengatasi tantangan yang timbul dengan cara masing-masing dan bisa berhasil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 536, "width": 211, "height": 234, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada sesi ini, partisipan juga diminta untuk menceritakan kekhawatirannya terkait pengasuhan yang dijalankan serta bagaimana mereka mengantisipasinya seperti yang telah dituliskan pada pertemuan pertama. Sharing tentang antisipasi ini bisa menumbuhkan PSE melalui perform ance exposure dan live m odelling . Masing-masing partisipan bisa saling menginspirasi, saling belajar satu sama lain. Baik kekhawatiran maupun langkah-langkah untuk antisipasi yang dirasakan masing-masing partisipan mungkin berbeda satu-sama lain. Dengan sharing partisipan menjadi terbuka wawasannya sehingga memiliki ide untuk", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 129, "top": 38, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGASUHAN, IBU BEKERJA, SMART PARENTING, PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 519, "top": 785, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperbaiki", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 212, "height": 174, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengasuhan yang dijalaninya. Beberapa kekhawatiran yang diungkapkan partisipan antara lain anak menjadi lebih dekat dengan orang lain yang mengasuhnya seharian, pengaruh buruk dari lingkungan sekitar, misalnya teman bermain, televisi, dan sebagainya, bullying , dan masalah kesehatan anak. Dari penelitian ini partisipan distimulasi untuk memikirkan antisipasi terhadap munculnya kekhawatiran-kekhawatiran tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 211, "height": 307, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Polivanova et al ., (2016) meng- ungkapkan, bahwa dalam pengasuhan banyak hal yang tidak bisa diprediksikan sebelumnya. Orang tua tidak bisa memprediksikan bahwa pengasuhan yang dijalankan saat ini akan membawa kesuksesan pada sepuluh tahun mendatang atau tidak. Oleh karena itu toleransi terhadap ketidakpastian dan kemampuan untuk bertindak yang tepat dalam situasi yang tidak pasti merupakan hal penting dalam meningkatkan efikasi diri pada orang tua modern (Polivanova et al. , 2016). Menurut Schunk (1983) efikasi diri mengacu pada penilaian tentang seberapa baik individu dapat mengatur dan menetapkan tindakan dalam situasi tertentu yang mungkin mengandung unsur-unsur yang ambigu, tidak dapat diprediksi, dan mungkin menimbulkan stress.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 565, "width": 211, "height": 205, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian kartu apresiasi dalam pelatihan ini juga dimungkinkan mampu menumbuhkan PSE melalui verbal persuasion. Alwisol (2009) menyebutkan bahwa salah satu cara induksi PSE melalui verbal persuasion adalah interpretive treatment, yaitu membentuk interpretasi baru untuk memperbaiki interpretasi lama yang salah. Dalam penelitian ini, partisipan mengaku bahwa sebelumnya mereka menganggap praktik pengasuhan yang mereka jalani biasa-biasa saja, namun ternyata bisa menginspirasi orang lain. Penguatan bahwa pengasuhan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 212, "height": 159, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mereka lakukan adalah benar, bahkan bisa menginspirasi orang lain untuk melakukan hal serupa bisa memunculkan interpretasi baru. Hal ini akan menguatkan keyakinan partisipan bahwa mereka mampu mengasuh dengan baik. Suzuki, Holloway, Yamamoto, dan Mindnich (2009) mengungkapkan bahwa ibu yang memiliki PSE tinggi merasakan dukungan yang tinggi pula dari teman-temannya. Temuan dari Borelli et al. (2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 239, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menguatkan hal tersebut, yaitu bahwa ibu yang memiliki PSE tinggi merasakan dukungan dari teman-teman dan suaminya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 298, "width": 211, "height": 175, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas rumah yang diberikan dalam bentuk aktivitas bersama anak juga dimungkinkan mendukung keberhasilan pelatihan ini. Coleman dan Karraker (1998) mengemukakan bahwa salah satu yang berpengaruh dalam menumbuhkan efikasi diri ibu adalah pengalaman nyata antara ibu dan anak. Dewi dan Indrasari (2017) mengemukakan bahwa keterlibatan orang tua dalam pengasuhan ( parental involvem ent ) berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap PSE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 477, "width": 211, "height": 174, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain melalui perform ance exposure, m astery experience juga ditumbuhkan melalui self-instructed perform ance . Alwisol (2009) menerangkan bahwa self-instructed perform ance adalah melatih diri untuk melakukan yang terbaik. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari jumlah koin yang terkumpul dalam “toples kebaikan”. Dari tugas tersebut, partisipan mengaku bahwa mereka terdorong untuk melakukan suatu kebaikan kepada anak jika di akhir hari belum memasukkan koin ke dalam toples.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 655, "width": 211, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada saat pelatihan, partisipan dilatih untuk melakukan perbaikan pengasuhan secara terstruktur, Setelah pelatihan berakhir, setiap partisipan diharapkan dapat mengembangkan materi yang didapat dan menyesuaikannya dengan kondisi pengasuhan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 759, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dihadapi masing-masing. Keberhasilan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 253, "top": 38, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HAYATI & FEBRIANI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 427, "top": 785, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam kedua kondisi tersebut membawa dampak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 91, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 211, "height": 248, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbeda dalam pengembangan PSE. Feist, Feist, dan Roberts (2017) mengungkapkan bahwa tugas yang diselesaikan oleh diri sendiri lebih efektif meningkatkan efikasi diri daripada dengan bantuan orang lain. Sejalan dengan Feist et al. (2017), temuan dari partisipan NST menyatakan bahwa dirinya merasa senang meskipun sudah tidak ada tugas dari siapapun, namun tetap bisa membentuk rutinitas anak setelah pelatihan berakhir. Hal ini menguatkan pendapat Dowling (2014) dan Buchanan dan Glazt (2015) bahwa praktik pengasuhan yang ibu jalankan berhubungan dengan parental self-efficacy . Sumber", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 328, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "efikasi lain yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 343, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikembangkan dalam pelatihan ini adalah psychological and affective states .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 211, "height": 115, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penghitungan koin kebaikan, pemberian kartu apresiasi dan pemberian sertifikat bisa meningkatkan penghargaan partisipan terhadap dirinya sendiri. Salah satu partisipan mengaku bahwa baru sekali ini dirinya merasa dihargai sebagai ibu karena diberikan sertifikat “ Best Mom Award ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 211, "height": 115, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor lain yang dimungkinkan turut menyumbang keberhasilan pelatihan ini adalah karakteristik trainer . Burker dan Hutchins (2008) menjelaskan bahwa karakteristik trainer meliputi kecakapan atau pengetahuan terhadap materi pelatihan, pengalaman profesional, serta pengetahuan terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 211, "height": 159, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "prinsip pengetahuan. Trainer yang membawakan modul dalam penelitian ini adalah seorang psikolog anak, sehingga dinilai dari kecakapan profesionalitasnya bisa terpenuhi. Trainer bisa menumbuhkan PSE partisipan melalui verbal persuasion dengan cara suggestion dan exhortation . Menurut Alwisol (2009) suggestion adalah proses memengaruhi dengan kata-kata berdasar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 744, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepercayaan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 744, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sedangkan exhortation adalah nasihat ataupun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peringatan yang mendesak/memaksa. Dalam hal ini, trainer dimungkinkan dipercaya oleh partisipan karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengalaman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akademis, pengalaman pekerjaannya maupun pengalaman praktik pengasuhan karena trainer juga memiliki anak usia toddler seperti halnya partisipan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 194, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor eksternal lain yang mungkin berpengaruh adalah lingkungan kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 224, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Burke dan Hutchins (2008)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 239, "width": 211, "height": 85, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengungkapkan bahwa faktor lingkungan kerja dapat memengaruhi proses transfer dalam pelatihan. Faktor lingkungan kerja ini meliputi hal-hal yang bisa memengaruhi transfer pelatihan diluar pelatihan itu sendiri. Selama pelatihan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 328, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peneliti memfasilitasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan menyediakan kids zone bagi ibu yang membawa anak supaya partisipan bisa berkonsentrasi penuh terhadap materi pelatihan. Area yang digunakan untuk kids zone berada di ruangan yang terpisah dengan ruang utama pelatihan, namun masih bisa terakses dengan mudah karena ruangannya saling berhadap-hadapan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 462, "width": 211, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipan LA mengaku bahwa pelatihan “ Sm art Parenting ” merupakan pelatihan paling ramah anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 506, "width": 211, "height": 264, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian juga diketahui bahwa beberapa partisipan dalam kelompok kontrol memiliki kenaikan/penurunan skor PSE yang cukup besar. Padahal, kelompok kontrol adalah kelompok pembanding yang tidak diberi perlakuan sehingga diprediksikan tidak akan mengalami perubahan yang berarti pada skor variabel dependennya setelah eksperimen selesai (Azwar, 2016). Oleh karena itu peneliti melakukan wawancara terhadap ATN, OET dan RF. Dari wawancara diketahui bahwa dimungkinkan ada faktor lain yang memengaruhi PSE yaitu pendapatan, dukungan informasional dan dukungan sosial dari orang terdekat. Hal ini menguatkan beberapa penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 129, "top": 38, "width": 340, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGASUHAN, IBU BEKERJA, SMART PARENTING, PARENTAL SELF-EFFICACY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-JOURNAL GAMAJPP", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 785, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 211, "height": 189, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebelumnya. Colemann dan Karraker (2000) serta Yu (2011) mengungkapkan bahwa semakin tinggi pendapatan maka semakin tinggi pula PSE. Yu (2011) juga mengungkapkan bahwa dukungan sosial termasuk faktor yang memengaruhi PSE. Dukungan sosial ini bisa bersumber dari pasangan, orang tua, maupun komunitas. Temuan Young (2012), Gao, Sun, dan Chan (2014) mengungkapkan hal yang sama. Menurut Sevigny dan Loutzenhiser (2009) fungsi relational seperti kepuasan pernikahan dan fungsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 211, "height": 144, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keluarga memprediksi PSE ibu. Khusus padad kasus ATN, hubungan yang tidak baik dengan orang lain membuat stress meningkat. Bloomfield dan Kendall (2012) menyatakan bahwa ibu yang memiliki PSE yang rendah memiliki tingkat stres yang tinggi dan sebaliknya. Alwisol (2009) mengungkapkan bahwa emosi yang kuat dan stres dapat menurunkan efikasi diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 402, "width": 211, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu keterbatasan dalam penelitian adalah jumlah sampel yang terlalu sedikit. Sedikitnya jumlah partisipan menyebabkan metode analisis data menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 211, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "analisis non- parametrik, sehingga memiliki kelemahan dalam power efficiency . Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini juga terletak pada tidak adanya prosedur uji coba modul. Oleh karena itu trainer tidak berkesempatan untuk memperagakan modul dalam bentuk role play .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 596, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 211, "height": 145, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pelatihan “ Sm art Parenting ” berpengaruh secara signifikan dalam meningkatkan PSE ibu bekerja dengan anak toddler . Dari penelitian tersebut juga diketahui bahwa PSE bersifat fluktuatif dan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, antara lain faktor pendapatan, dukungan informasional dan dukungan sosial dari orang terdekat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 30, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 91, "width": 211, "height": 174, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dapat menjadi alternatif program pengasuhan yang selama ini banyak menekankan pada keterampilan pengasuhan. Selain itu, peneliti selanjutnya bisa lebih menggali faktor- faktor apa saja yang secara khusus banyak memengaruhi PSE ibu yang bekerja yang memiliki anak usia toddler . Terkait dengan intolerance of uncertainty , peneliti selanjutnya bisa menggali lebih lanjut mengenai hubungan antara intolerance of uncertainty dengan PSE. Selain itu, Modul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 269, "width": 211, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“ Sm art Parenting ” juga masih perlu diuji cobakan pada partisipan dengan tingkat pendidikan SMA atau yang lebih rendah dalam jumlah partisipan yang lebih banyak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 382, "top": 358, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 387, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afiatin, T., Sonjaya, J. A., & Pertiwi, Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 402, "width": 217, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "G. (2013). Mudah dan sukses m enyelenggarakan pelatihan: Melejitkan potensi diri . Yogyakarta: Kanisius. Alwisol. (2009). Psikologi kepribadian (Edisi revisi). 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K. (2022). Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing, 5 (2), 239-251. https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v5i2.1732", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 448, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: 2-July-2022 Published: 8-December-2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v5i2 Accepted : 20 - November-2022 URL: https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v5i2.1732", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 277, "top": 467, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 492, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebebasan dalam memberikan komentar di media sosial membuat warganet leluasa berkomentar. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menjabarkan bentuk-bentuk serta fungsi disfemisme pada komentar akun Instagram @kpipusat dan implementasinya digunakan sebagai bahan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada jenjang SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data pada penelitian ini berupa ungkapan disfemisme pada komentar akun Instagram @kpipusat. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak dengan teknik lanjutan simak bebas libat cakap dan teknik catat. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik lanjutan BUL atau Bagi Unsur Langsung dan metode padan dengan teknik lanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ditemukannya data berupa bentuk dan fungsi disfemisme. Bentuk-bentuk disfemisme pada kolom komentar akun Instagram @kpipusat berupa kata, klausa, dan kalimat. Sedangkan fungsi yang ditemukan yaitu fungsi mencemooh berupa hinaan, menyindir, atau menjatuhkan, fungsi mengungkapkan kejengkelan, fungsi menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan, dan fungsi menunjukkan gambaran negatif terhadap seseorang atau sesuatu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 676, "width": 388, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : bentuk-bentuk disfemisme, Instagram, bahan ajar bahasa Indonesia, SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 765, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "240", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 109, "top": 106, "width": 380, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Forms of Dyphemism on Instagram @kpipusat Account and its Implementation as Indonesian Teaching Materials in Senior High School", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 144, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 169, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The freedom to comment on social media allows netizens to freely comment. The purpose of this research is to describe the forms and functions of dysphemism in the comments of the Instagram account @kpipusat and its implementation is used as Indonesian language learning material at the high school level. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data in this study are expressions of dysphemism in the comments of the Instagram account @kpipusat. The data collection method used in this study is the listening method with advanced techniques, free listening, conversation, and note-taking techniques. The data analysis method used the distribution method with the advanced BUL technique (Bagi Unsur Langsung) and the matching method with advanced techniques. The results of this study indicate that the data found in the form and function of dysphemism. The forms of dysphemism in the comments column of the Instagram account @kpipusat are in the form of words, clauses and sentences. Meanwhile, the functions found are in the form of ridicule (insulting, insinuating, or dropping), the function of expressing annoyance, the function of showing disapproval, and the function of showing a negative image of someone or something.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 354, "width": 390, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : forms of dysphemism, Instagram, Indonesian language teaching materials, Senior High School", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 400, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 413, "width": 429, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebebasan dalam memberikan komentar di dunia maya yang digunakan untuk menyampaikan sebuah pendapat membuat warganet leluasa berkomentar, tetapi dalam memberikan komentar harus memperhatikan adab-adab berkomentar di media sosial. Kusumastuti dkk. (2021) berpendapat bahwa maraknya perubahan bahasa yang terjadi seiring berkembangnya teknologi saat ini, salah satunya Instagram. Media tersebut digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyampaikan pesan, sehingga dapat berkomunikasi antara pengguna satu dengan pengguna lain yang lebih luas jangkauannya dengan saling berbagi foto maupun video.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 429, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media sosial terutama Instagram banyak warganet dalam memberikan komentar tanpa memperhatikan adab-adab tersebut, bahkan lebih mengarah ke ceplas-ceplos atau asal bicara. Setiap ada kesalahan atau adanya suatu penyimpangan tanpa memandang suatu individu atau lembaga sudah dapat dipastikan akan mendapatkan komentar negatif dari warganet. Ramadhani dkk., (2021) menjelaskan bahwa Instagram sebagai media yang digunakan untuk mengolok-olok, menghina dan menjelek-jelekan. Perihal ini, penerapan disfemisme di Instagram menunjukkan ketidaksukaan warganet pada orang lain lewat unggahannya baik foto maupun video.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 429, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merujuk pada gagasan Sinambela (2019), komunikasi selalu menggunakan bahasa, termasuk pada media daring, dan hal tersebut menimbulkan adanya perkembangan bahasa lisan maupun tulis yang tidak melulu baik akibat penyampaian informasi yang sering kali disampaikan dengan penggunaan istilah- istilah tabu yang sering kali digunakan masyarakat. Pendapat Olimat (2020) menjelaskan bahwa pengguna bahasa juga berusaha untuk menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 753, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 776, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "241", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 429, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengetahuan tentang cara komunikasi dengan orang lain dengan pemilihan kata secara baik untuk penyampaian pesan yang mudah dipahami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 132, "width": 428, "height": 144, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merujuk pada gagasan Arini dkk. (2015), ketidaknyamanan dalam berkomunikasi ditimbulkan oleh beragam faktor, seperti ketidaktepatan penggunaan kata maupun ungkapan atau tidak terpenuhinya aturan main penggunaan ungkapan, sehingga kemudian timbul adanya kesan tidak sopan akibat ambiguitas yang menimbulkan perbedaan pandangan serta makna konotasi. Senada dengan pendapat Khasan dkk. (2014) menyatakan bahwa porsi disfemisme yang semakin besar pada suatu media massa mengindikasikan perilaku berbahasa yang berkembang di lingkungan masyarakat semakin buruk. Masyarakat kemudian terbiasa menggunakan kata berdifemisme, lugas, namun abai terhadap etika, dan hal tersebut sebagai wujud konsekuensi logis dari kasarnya bahasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 429, "height": 236, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Warganet dalam hal berkomentar menggunakan bahasa ragam tulis dengan keragaman gaya bahasa. Bahasa eufemisme dan disfemisme merupakan salah satunya penggunaan gaya bahasa yang digunakan warganet. Eufemisme dideskripsikan sebagai penggunaan kata lain sebagai pengganti kata kasar untuk kepentingan pemerhalusan kata. Di sisi lain, terdapat ungkapan kasar atau makian yang disampaikan untuk kepentingan menyuguhkan kritik dan hal tersebut diistilahkan sebagai disfemisme Jayanti dkk. (2019). Disfemisme diterapkan untuk kepentingan membicarakan orang serta sekelumit hal yang mengganggu guna mengungkapkan ketidak setujuan melalui cara meremehkan ataupun merendahkan. Disfemisme juga dapat dideskripsikan sebagai penanda pada kaum politik ataupun kelompok yang membicarakan lawannya, kaum feminis yang membicarakan pria, serta kaum pria yang membicarakan wanita Handayani (2020). Faktanya, dalam bidang larangan umum ini tidak selalu jelas secara pasti mana yang istilah tabu dan mana yang disfemistik (seperti dalam kasus penggunaan kata Iblis dengan setan atau bercinta dengan bersetubuh), yang mengarah pada identifikasi tabu yang sering dengan disfemisme (Gómez, 2012) dan pendapat Ruiz (2015) mengenai penggunaan disfemisme yang digunakan kebanyakan mengarah seksualitas).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 429, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekarang ini, media sosial bermunculan sangat banyak, seperti Youtube, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Tiktok . banyaknya media sosial tersebut yang paling banyak diminati salah satunya adalah instagram. Dilansir dari website Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia (AJII) https://apjii.or.id/ menerangkan bahwa penggunaan media sosial yang cukup besar digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia pada tahun 2019-2020 yaitu pada posisi pertama diduduki oleh Faceebook yang merupakan media sosial yang sering digunakan dalam berinternet dengan pengguna di Indonesia sebanyak 65,8% dari jumlah populasi (APJII, 2020). Selanjutnya, ada Youtube dengan pengguna di Indonesia sebanyak 61,0% dari jumlah populasi. Kemudian, Instagram di posisi ketiga dengan pengguna sebanyak 42,3% dari jumlah populasi di Indonesia. Sedangkan, pada posisi keempat ada WhatApp dengan pengguna di Indonesia sebanyak 31,1% dari jumlah populasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 429, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berlandaskan data tersebut, bisa diambil kesimpulan bahwa Instagram mempunyai elektabiltas tinggi di media sosial. Hal tersebut, menjadikan fokus riset ini mengkaji akun Instagram @kpipusat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lanjutan yang mengkaji tentang disfemisme, sebelumnya ada beberapa penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 765, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "242", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 429, "height": 183, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang mengkaji tentang penggunaan disfemisme. Penelitian yang dilakukan Ayupradani dkk. (2021) yang berjudul Ujaran Disfemisme dalam Twitter @fiersaBesari Mengenai Kritikan kepada Pemerintah, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif sehingga hasil yang didapat berupa adanya ujaran disfemisme sebanyak 23 ujaran dan ditemukan latar belakang sebanyak 6, yakni merendaahkan, sikap tidak suka, penghinaan, menunjukkan hal negatif terhadap lawan, menunjukkan kemarahan dan mengumpat. Penelitiannya membahas mengenai penggunaan disfemisme, akan tetapi yang menjadikan beda dengan penelitian ini adalah terletak pada sumber data, pada riset tersebut sumber data diambil dari akun twitter @fiersaBesari, sedangkan pada riset yang akan dilakukan ini sumber data diambil dari akun Instagram @kpipusat. Selain itu, persamaan pada kedua riset ini yaitu sama-sama mengkaji penggunaan disfemisme di media sosial. Namun, secara keseluruhan, kajian tersebut dapat dijadikan referensi bagi peneliti untuk memberikan pembahasan yang lebih rinci.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 429, "height": 157, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, penelitian sejenis yang dilakukan oleh Rahmawati & Ariesta (2020) yang berjudul Dysphemism in Online News Headlines: Student Demonstrations dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif sehingga hasil riset yang didapat berupa ditemukannya 10 data disfemisme, termasuk 9 kata dan 1 frasa. Dalam penelitian tersebut membahas tentang bentuk disfemisme pada headline berita online demonstrasi mahasiswa. Penelitian tersebut mengambil objek dari media massa berupa berita online. Hal yang menjadikan perbedaan dengan penelitian ini berupa sumber data dan kajian penelitian tersebut hanya berfokus pada bentuk tuturan disfemisme, sedangkan pada penelitian ini diperluas dengan menambah fungsi penggunaan disfemisme. Adapun persamaannya terletak pada kajiannya yaitu membahas disfemisme. Namun, secara keseluruhan dapat dijadikan tumpuan dalam riset yang akan mengkaji mengenai disfemisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 428, "height": 183, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikutnya, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sagala (2019) yang berjudul Kajian Eufemisme dan Disfemisme pada Komentar Para Netizen dalam Youtube Berita Kumparan.com (Edisi Menko Polhukam Wiranto Ditusuk Orang di Pandeglang). Pada penelitiannya menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian analisis isi, sehingga hasil yang didapat yakni 6 kata dan 8 frasa mengandung eufemisme sedangkan 10 kata dan 7 frasa mengandung disfemisme dan dari 31 data masing-masing memiliki fungsi penggunaan eufemisme dan disfemisme. Dalam penelitian tersebut membahas tentang eufemisme dan disfemisme dalam berita kumparan.com, namun yang menjadikan perbedaan dalam penelitian ini adalah kajian pembahasan lebih terfokus pada penggunaan disfemisme serta perbedaan lain terletak pada sumber data. Sedangkan persamaannya terletak pada deskripsi bentuk dan fungsi disfemisme. Akan tetapi, secara menyeluruh dapat dijadikan referensi untuk kajian yang membahas mengenai disfemisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 429, "height": 64, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketiga penelitian terdahulu tersebut memiliki perbedaan dan persamaan terhadap penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian Ayupradani dkk sama-sama meneliti bentuk dan fungsi disfemisme, namun berbeda sumber data. Penelitian Rahmawati dan Ariesta dengan penelitian Sagala memiliki persamaan dibagian metode penelitian, sedangkan objek kajian dan sumber datanya berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 429, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjabarkan bentuk serta fungsi disfemisme dalam kolom komentar akun Instagram @kpipusat dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 753, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 776, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "243", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 429, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "implementasinya sebagai bahan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pengajar bahasa Indonesia sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan ajar serta peneliti selanjutnya mengenai disfemisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 428, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan peneliti pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Moleong (2014) mengungkapkan bahwa penelitian kualitatif dideskripsikan sebagai suatu penelitian yang dilaksanakan untuk kepentingan pemahaman terhadap fenomena yang dirasakan ataupun dialami oleh subjek penelitian yang kemudian dijabarkan melalui mekanisme penggunaan rangkaian kata berkonteks khusus dan memanfaatkan beragam metode alamiah. Objek penelitian ini berupa disfemisme, karena peneliti ingin berfokus pada disfemisme untuk mengetahui bentuk dan fungsi disfemisme. Sedangkan Subjek dalam penelitian ini merupakan komentar warganet terhadap setiap unggahan mengenai kasus perundungan antar pegawainya dan unggahan dalam menginformasikan sanksi teguran terhadap program siaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 429, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data dalam penelitian ini berupa ungkapan disfemisme pada akun Instagram @kpipusat. Data diambil selama kurun waktu 3 bulan yaitu pada bulan Agustus, September, Oktober tahun 2021. Sumber data penelitian ini yakni disfemisme dalam akun Instagram @kpipusat. Metode penyediaan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode simak. Selanjutnya, dalam teknik penyediaan data digunakan dua teknik, yaitu teknik SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) dan teknik catat. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data yaitu dengan menggunakan metode agih dan padan. Sudaryanto (2015) berpendapat bahwa “rangka kerja metode agih memiliki alat penentu yang jelas dan konsisten dijadikan bagian sasaran penelitian itu sendiri dari bahasa objek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 429, "height": 169, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, Sudaryanto menjelaskan bahwa teknik pada metode agih diklasifikasikan menjadi teknik dasar dan lanjutan. Teknik dasar tersebut diistilahkan sebagai BUL atau Bagi unsur Langsung. Pengistilahan tersebut didasarkan atas cara kerja analisis yang membagi satuan lingual data menjadi beberapa klasifikasi unsur atau bagian yang kemudian dipandang sebagai suatu bagian yang langsung membentuk satuan lingual. Alat penggeraknya adalah daya bagi yang bersifat intuitif lingual, sedangkan alat penentunya adalah jeda, baik yang silabik maupun sintaktik Sudaryanto (2015). Teknik lesap, yaitu penghilangan atau pelesapan unsur satuan lingual sehingga dihasilkan tuturan dengan bentuk ABC, ABD, ACD, atau BCD jika tuturan data semula berbentuk ABCD Sudaryanto (2015). Serta teknik ganti, yaitu penggantian unsur satuan lingual sehingga dihasilkan tuturan dengan bentuk ABCS, ABSD, ASCD, SBCD, jika tuturan data semula berbentuk ABCD Sudaryanto (2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 668, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 429, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disfemisme sebagai bahasa kasar atau suatu ujaran yang memiliki makna kasar ditemukan dalam kolom komentar pada akun Instagram @kpipusat yang merupakan data hasil penelitian. Data disfemisme diambil sejalan dengan adanya permasalahan internal di KPI Pusat. Data tersebut diperoleh karena berisikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 765, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "244", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ungkapan disfemisme dalam kolom komentar yang menanggapi unggahan akun Instagram @kpipusat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 337, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Bentuk dan Fungsi Disfemisme pada Instagram @kpipusat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 159, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Bentuk Kata dan Fungsi Disfemisme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 429, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata ialah suatu bentuk bahasa terkecil yang bebas dan mempunyai makna Kurniawati (2011). Bentuk disfemisme kata merupakan salah satu bentuk yang paling banyak digunakan warganet untuk berkomentar di akun Instagram @kpipusat. Berikut beberapa analisis disfemisme berbentuk kata serta fungsi yang diperoleh dari hasil klasifikasi data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 251, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) @jarkungs: Hahaha tolol (K20/020/17082021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 429, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (1) adanya tuturan pada kata tolol yang merupakan disfemisme berupa kata dasar. Kata tolol merupakan kata kasar, sehingga kata tersebut dapat digantikan ke makna yang lebih halus seperti kurang pandai. Pada tuturan di atas apabila kata tolol diganti dengan kata kurang pandai , maka kalimatnya akan menjadi netral seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1a) @jarkungs: Hahaha kurang pandai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 428, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata tolol dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2022) memiliki makna “sangat bodoh; bebal”. Kata tolol digunakan seseorang untuk mencela orang lain atau bisa dirinya sendiri. Hal tersebut merupakan ungkapan yang bermakna kasar jika digunakan untuk mengomentari seseorang yang dianggap bodoh atau tidak cepat menanggapi sesuatu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 443, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan konteks di atas, kata tolol memiliki fungsi untuk mencemooh yaitu dengan menghina. Kata tersebut merupakan julukan yang menggunakan istilah dari abnormalitas mental.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 496, "width": 231, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) @kang_drakor: bacot (K08/008/09082021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 429, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (2) tuturan di atas ditemukan kata bacot yang merupakan bentuk disfemisme berupa kata dasar. Karena pada kata tersebut memiliki bentuk lain yang mempunyai makna lebih halus yang dapat dijadikan tuturan sebagai pengganti kata bacot . Kata tersebut dapat digantikan dengan makna yang lebih halus sebagai berikut yakni banyak bicara . Kata tersebut memiliki makna lebih halus dibanding kata bacot. Tuturan tersebut jika diubah dengan makna lebih halus maka berbentuk seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 609, "width": 277, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2a) @kang_drakor: banyak bicara (K08/008/09082021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 429, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lebih lanjut kata bacot dalam KBBI (2022) memiliki makna mulut. Kata bacot sendiri banyak digunakan untuk mengomentari seseorang yang dapat mengganggu orang sekitar, karena kata bacot digunakan dalam arti yang negatif. Kata bacot digunakan sebagai fungsi untuk mencemooh yaitu dengan menghina. Kata tersebut memiliki nilai rasa penghinaan terhadap karakter yang dituju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 753, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 776, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "245", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 211, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Bentuk Frasa dan Fungsi Disfemisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Frasa adalah suatu gabungan dari kata yang terdiri dari dua kata atau lebih. Frasa hanya menempati satu fungsi, seperti fungsi predikat, subjek dan keterangan, atau objek Kurniawati (2011). Berikut beberapa analisis disfemisme berbentuk frasa yang diperoleh dari hasil klasifikasi data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 172, "width": 353, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) @panji.dot: ORANG KPI MANUSIA SAMPAH ( F04/042/01082021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (3) adanya tuturan yang mempunyai makna disfemisme pada frasa manusia sampah . Frasa tersebut bermakna kasar karena manusia sampah cenderung mengarah ke manusia yang telah dibuang karena sudah tidak layak atau tidak berguna lagi. Dalam tuturan di atas manusia sampah ditujukan kepada orang-orang KPI dengan maksud untuk menghina. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya penggantian agar bermakna lebih halus. Maka tuturan tersebut menjadi seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 285, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3a) @panji.dot: ORANG KPI MANUSIA TIDAK BERGUNA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 298, "width": 429, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Frasa manusia sampah dikelompokkan ke dalam bentuk disfemisme yang bermakna kasar. Sehingga frasa tersebut dapat digantikan dengan manusia tidak berguna karena frasa tersebut bermakna halus atau netral. Frasa manusia sampah dalam KBBI (2022) memiliki pengertian “1. Barang atau benda yang dibuang karena tidak terpakai lagi; 2. Hina”. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa manusia sampah berarti manusia yang dibuang karena tidak berguna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 428, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan konteks di atas frasa manusia sampah termasuk ke dalam fungsi menunjukkan gambaran negatif terhadap seseorang. Frasa tersebut memiliki nilai rasa penghinaan terhadap karakter yang dituju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 430, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) @nurrrrahman: KPI? Tikus Berdasi? (F38/076/14092021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 130, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (4) tuturan di atas ditemukan frasa yang berbentuk disfemisme yaitu pada frasa tikus berdasi . Frasa tersebut adalah frasa yang mempunyai makna kasar yaitu mengilustrasikan manusia yang mempunyai jabatan tetapi suka menjajah di negerinya sendiri. Hal tersebut diilustrasikan dengan hewan yaitu tikus. Dengan demikian frasa tikus berdasi bermakna kasar jika digunakan untuk berkomentar terhadap orang lain. Frasa yang bermakna kasar tersebut dapat digantikan dengan makna yang lebih halus yaitu koruptor, karena koruptor merupakan seseorang yang memiliki jabatan tinggi akan tetapi masih menjajah di negerinya sendiri, seperti penggelapan uang rakyat. Jika tuturan di atas diubah ke makna yang lebih halus, maka tuturannya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 583, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4a) @nurrrrahman: KPI? Koruptor?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 429, "height": 64, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Frasa tikus berdasi merupakan sebuah majas metafora yang merupakan adanya perbandingan suatu benda dengan benda lain akan tetapi memiliki sifat yang sama atau hampir sama. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa tikus berdasi dengan koruptor adalah suatu perbandingan yang memiliki sifat yang sama, akan tetapi penggunaan kata koruptor lebih halus dibanding frasa tikus berdasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tuturan dari aku Instagram @nurrrrahman memiliki fungsi mencemooh dengan unsur menyindir. Frasa tersebut memiliki nilai rasa perbandingan manusia dengan hewan yang dianggap memiliki perilaku tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 765, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "246", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Bentuk Kalimat dan Fungsi Disfemisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalimat bukan hanya ditentukan dari banyaknya kata yang menjadi unsurnya, tetapi dapat dikenali dari intonasinya. Berikut beberapa analisis disfemisme berbentuk kalimat yang diperoleh dari hasil klasifikasi data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 158, "width": 414, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5) @bataviamasonry: Predator di sarang sendiri . Baru sok bertindak pas udah viral. Budaya bejat. Sok jaga moral taunya busuk (KL09/091/17082021)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 429, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (5) ditemukan tuturan kalimat yang menunjukkan bentuk disfemisme, tuturan tersebut yaitu predator di sarang sendiri . Kalimat tersebut memiliki makna kasar karena kata predator merupakan hewan yang hidupnya memangsa hewan lain, sedangkan sarang merupakan rumah untuk tempat tinggal burung. Maka tidaklah pantas kalimat tersebut digunakan untuk berkomentar kepada orang lain. Dengan demikian kalimat tersebut dapat diubah menjadi makna yang lebih halus, maka kalimatnya menjadi seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 284, "width": 414, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5a) @bataviamasonry: Pemburu di rumah sendiri . Baru sok bertindak pas udah viral. Budaya rusak. Sok jaga moral taunya busuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tuturan di atas menunjukkan adanya disfemisme bentuk kalimat yang mengandung nilai rasa penghinaan terhadap karakter seseorang dan fungsi tuturan tersebut yakni mengungkapkan kejengkelan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 363, "width": 414, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6) @irfan.131020: Oh ini markasnya orang orang bangsat yang ngizinin mantan napi kasus pelecehan ditayangin di tv? (KL13/095/01092021)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 429, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (6) terdapat tuturan yang menunjukkan disfemisme yaitu pada kalimat markasnya orang orang bangsat yang ngizinin mantan napi kasus pelecehan. Kalimat tersebut bermakna kasar karena pada kalimat markasnya orang-orang bangsat menunjukkan bahwa KPI Pusat dijadikan tempat orang yang bertabiat jahat. Sedangkan pada kalimat mantan napi kasus pelecehan yang berarti bahwa mantan orang hukuman pada kasus pelecehan. Kalimat tersebut jika digunakan dapat menyinggung perasaan orang lain. Oleh karena itu dapat digantikan dengan makna yang lebih netral atau halus. Jika tuturan di atas diubah ke makna yang lebih halus, maka tuturannya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 515, "width": 414, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6a) @irfan.131020: Oh ini tempatnya orang orang yang bertabiat jahat yang ngizinin mantan orang hukuman kasus pelecehan ditayangin di tv?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 540, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan konteks tuturan di atas memiliki fungsi menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan. Selain itu, tuturan tersebut mengandung nilai rasa penghinaan terhadap karakter yang dituju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 429, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini dapat diimplementasikan sebagai bahan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di SMA. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan bentuk dan fungsi disfemisme yang terdapat pada komentar Instagram @kpipusat yang tidak sepantasnya di utarakan di media sosial yang dapat di akses oleh segala kalangan yang terutama genarasi muda yang ditakukan menjadi contoh dan dipergunakan oleh generasi muda. Oleh Karena itu upaya mengedukasi adalah cara yang terbaik untuk menanamkan sikap yang baik bagi siswa SMA. Wiharja (2019) menyampaikan suatu gagasan bahwa penginovasian disfemisme dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 753, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 776, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dilaksanakan melalui mekanisme pengubahan disfemisme menjadi eufemisme atau penyantunan ungkapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 132, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan upaya tersebut siswa SMA dapat mempergunakan ungkapan yang lebih santun disaat memberikan masukan atau komentar terhadap suatu keadaan dalam masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 428, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengimplementasian Bentuk Disfemisme dalam bahan ajar SMA mengenai bentuk disfemisme yang terdapat pada Kolom Komentar @kpipusat. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan dalam implemetasi hasil penelitian ini dalam bahan ajar SMA untuk mengurangi penggunaan bentuk disfemisme. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 238, "width": 414, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Para Guru atau Pengajar dapat membuat forum diskusi dengan para siswa mengenai penggunaan bentuk disfemisme menjadi ungkapan yang santun sehingga dapat memberikan pemahaman dan pembelajaran terhadap para siswa SMA. Dikarenakan dengan adanya komunikasi dua arah siswa dapat mengunakan informasi tersebut sebagai referensi untuk berfikir bukan hanya sekedar perintah semata yang pada umunya siswa inggin melanggar perintah yang diucapakan dikarekan tidak ada sistem komunikasi dua arah yang dilakukan atara siswa dan guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 344, "width": 414, "height": 143, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Terjadinya proses diskusi para guru dapat memberikan pemahaman terhadap siswa mengenai dampak negatif yang akan terjadi apabila seseorang menggunakan bentuk disfemisme dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Contoh tindakan negatif tersebut apabila siswa menggunakan bentuk disfemisme terhadap sesama siswa kemungkinan yang akan terjadi adalah permusuhan antar mereka. Disisi lain apaila seseorang menggunakan kalimat yang lebih santun untuk menegur seseorang yang memiliki kesalahan kemungkinan besar hal tersebut dapat diterima dan menyelesaikan masalah. Dengan memberikan contoh tersebut dapat memberikan suatu sudut pandang terhadapa siswa agar dapat menentukan pemikiran meraka dan mengabil keputusan untuk menggunakan kalimat yang lebih santun.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 489, "width": 414, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Inovasi bentuk disfemisme menjadi bahasa yang santun, sehingga dapat berfungsi dalam bidang pendidikan. Setelah terjadi komunikasi dua arah yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa dapat dilakukan proses kerja kelompok antar siswa untuk memodifikasi bentuk-bentuk disfemisme yang terdapat pada kolom komentar @kpipusat untuk dimodifikasi kedalam ungkapan yang lebih santu dan baik untuk digunakan dalam komunikasi di masyarakat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 429, "height": 143, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini diimplementasikan sebagai bahan ajar pada materi Bahasa Indonesia kelas X SMA, tepatnya mengenai teks eksposisi. Materi teks eksposisi tersebut tertuang dalam kompetensi dasar 3.4 yakni “Menganalisis struktur dan kebahasaan teks eksposisi” dan kompetensi dasar 4.4, yakni “Mengkontruksi teks eksposisi dengan memerhatikan isi (permasalahan, argument, pengetahuan, dan rekomendasi), struktur dan kebahasaan ”. Materi teks eksposisi dapat digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran bahwa penggunaan disfemisme dapat ditemukan pada Instagram @kpipusat. Bahan teks eksposisi sebagai bahan ajar bahasa Indonesia karena dalam menulis karangan eksposisi siswa mampu berpikir kritis atau provokatif. Anda juga dapat menggunakan susunan kata yang tepat sesuai dengan maksud yang ingin disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 765, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 119, "width": 425, "height": 143, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut adanya perbandingan antara penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Berikut perbandingan antara penelitian terdahulu dengan penelitian ini. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Aziza (2021) yang berjudul “Pergeseran Makna dalam Penggunaan Bahasa Gaul di Sosial Media Instagram (Kajian Makna Eufemisme dan Disfemisme).” Hasil temuanya berupa bahwa keberadaan konten Instagram memunculkan beragam reaksi warganet dalam mengekspresikan emosi ke dalam komentar, namun hal tersebut tidak memengaruhu perubahan makna eufemisme dan disfemisme. Hasil penelitian Aziza juga menyuguhkan data bahwa ditemukan banyak makna disfemisme akibat pengaruh dari bahasa gaul atau kekinian yang memperburuk makna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 265, "width": 425, "height": 103, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Relevasi penelitian Aziza dengan penelitian ini yaitu sama-sama menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan data penelitian berupa kata dan kalimat yang digunakan warganet di Instagram. Sedangkan perbedaan penelitian tersebut dengan penelitian ini adalah pada teknik analisis data. Penelitian Aziza menggunakan metode agih sedangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan dan agih. Penelitian tersebut menambahkan kajian eufemisme dalam penelitiannya, tetapi hasilnya hanya terbatas pada penggunaan makna yang digunakan warganet di Instagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 368, "width": 426, "height": 119, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Anshori dkk. (2021) dengan judul “ The Tr anslation of Dysphemism on Youtube.” Kajian penelitian tersebut yakni mengeksplorasi bagaimana ekspresi bahasa seksual yang berkaitan dengan disfemisme diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Indonesia melalui fitur CC ( Closed Caption ). Hasil temuannya berupa diperoleh 30 disfemisme yang terdiri dari 16 item yang termasuk dalam kategori alat bantu seksual dengan satuan kebahasaan berupa frasa, 11 item yang termasuk dalam kategori organ seksual dengan satuan kebahasaan berupa kata-kata, dan 3 item termasuk dalam kategori alat kelamin dengan satuan kebahasaan berupa frasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 489, "width": 425, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Relevansi penelitian tersebut dengan penelitian ini adalah sama-sama menganalisis dalam bidang disfemisme dan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sedangkan perbedaannya terletak pada pembahasannya. Pada penelitian tersebut berfokus pada bentuk dan makna disfemisme, sementara itu pada penelitian ini berfokus terhadap bentuk, fungsi serta pemanfaatan disfemisme. Dalam penelitian tersebut metode kurang dijelaskan secara rinci.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 567, "width": 426, "height": 132, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang berjudul “ Kajian Bahasa Disfemia pada Kolom Komentar Netizen di Intagram” . Penelitian dilakukan oleh Rohhayati dkk. (2020). Kajian pada penelitian tersebut membahas disfemisme yang terdapat dalam komentar netizen di Instagram @detik.com. Penelitian ini membahas bentuk bahasa disfemisme dan fungsi penggunaan disfemisme oleh netizen di kolom komentar Instagram. Hasil dari penelitian tersebut menyuguhkan suatu informasi bahwa terdapat tiga wujud kebahasaan disfemisme dalam kolom komentar di Instagram @detik.com yang berupa kata, frasa, serta ungkapan. Selain itu, terdapat suatu simpulan bahwa disfemisme tersebut difungsikan sebagai pengekspresian rasa jengkel, pemberian tekanan, hingga mempertegas makna dan wujud ekspresi kemarahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 701, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal yang menjadi persamaan dengan penelitian ini adalah sama-sama mengkaji penggunaan disfemisme dalam akun Instagram. Perbedaannya terletak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dwi Sutanto, Gallant Karunia Assidik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Disfemisme pada Akun Instagram @kpipusat dan Implementasinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Indonesia di SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 753, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, dan Asing Vol. 5, No. 2, 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 494, "top": 776, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 106, "width": 426, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pada sumber data yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini sumber data yang digunakan yaitu akun Instagram @kpipusat dan kajian bahasan berupa bentuk, fungsi penggunaan disfemisme dan pemanfaatan disfemisme. sedangkan penelitian Rohhayati et al., (2020) sumber data yang digunakan adalah akun Instagram @detik.com dan kajian bahasan dibatasi hanya bentuk dan fungsi penggunaan disfemisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Simpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 429, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan maka peneliti penyimpulkan bahwa adanya bentuk disfemisme pada komentar akun Instagram @kpipusat yaitu berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat. Selain itu, ditemukan fungsi disfemisme sindiran berupa ejekan hinaan, cemooan, fungsi yang menunjukkan ketidaksetujuan, fungsi yang menunjukkan gambaran negatif terhadap seseorang, dan fungsi mengungkapkan kejengkelan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 429, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementasi hasil penelitian ini dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia menyangkut tujuan pembelajaran yang dicapai setelah mempelajari gaya bicara disfemisme, fungsi disfemisme, dan kata-kata atau bentuk kebahasaan yang terlibat dalam faktor-faktor pembentuk munculnya disfemisme. Bentuk kolom komentar untuk diunggah ke akun Instagram mereka @kpipusat, menerapkan metode untuk menemukan gaya bahasa yang secara kreatif menggabungkan gaya bahasa yang saling bertentangan, dan melacak evolusi media sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 429, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anshori, S., Nababan, M. R., Djatmika, & Wiratno, T. (2021). The Translation of Dysphemism on YouTube. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on English Language and Teaching (ICOELT-8 2020) , 579 , 300 –305. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210914.057", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 489, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "APJII. (2020). Survei Pengguna Internet APJII 2019-Q2 2020: Ada Kenaikan 25,5 Juta Pengguna Internet Baru di RI. Jakarta: Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 429, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arini, A.R., Juita, Novia., & Burhanuddin, D. (2015). Ungkapan Tabu dalam Tuturan Peserta pada Acara Indonesia Lawyers Club di Stasiun TV One. Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajaran , 3 (1), 103 –111. https://doi.org/http://ejournal.unp.ac.id/index.php/bsp/article/view/4911", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ayupradani, N. T., Kartini, E. R., Minastiti, S., Pratiwi, D. R. (2021). Ujaran Disfemisme dalam Twitter @FiersaBesari Mengenai Kritikan kepada Pemerintah. 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[ { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 232, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Vol. 5, 1 (June, 2024), pp. 1465-1476 ISSN: 2721-1150 EISSN: 2721-1169", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 423, "top": 794, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://jurnaledukasia.org", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 455, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 241, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette 1 , T.G. Ratumanan 2 , Sumarni Rumfot 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 175, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 239, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 239, "width": 50, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 259, "width": 107, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Character education management; driving elementary school", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 216, "top": 253, "width": 305, "height": 415, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research was motivated by the lack of optimal implementation of character education at driving elementary schools in Amahai sub- district. This is because the role of teachers in instilling the concept of character education tends to be less than optimal, there is still a lack of opportunities given to teachers to develop their potential in character education, the existence of external school factors, and the lack of supervision patterns in the implementation of character education. The aim of this research is to analyze the planning, organization, implementation, supervision and evaluation of character education management at the Driving Elementary School in Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency. This type of research is field research, using a qualitative research approach to analyze and describe the management of character education at driving elementary schools in Amahai sub-district. The research took place at 2 driving elementary schools in Amahai sub-district, in February- April 2023. This research data was obtained using observation, interviews and documentation techniques. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman method. Based on the results of the research, conclusions that can be given regarding the management of character education at the Driving elementary school in Amahai District are: (1) Planning begins with a program planning meeting at the beginning of the year which involves all school components. (2) Organizing is carried out by all teachers without being based on a Decree from the school principal. (3) Implementation is carried out in an integrative manner by all teachers including the school principal. (4) Supervision and evaluation are carried out by the internal supervisor, namely the Principal. (5) Character values in the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile which are characteristic, namely national morals, morals towards nature, mutual cooperation and religious morals. (6) Inhibiting and supporting factors are internal and external.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 342, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 361, "width": 84, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 2024-03-27 Revised 2024-05-17 Accepted 2024-06-30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 677, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 733, "width": 241, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author: Frida Sapulette Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1465 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 126, "width": 454, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan karakter merupakan suatu pondasi bangsa yang sangat penting dan perlu ditanamkan sejak dini kepada anak-anak, terutama para peserta didik di sekolah-sekolah (Hasibuan dkk, 2018:193). Pembentukan karakter menjadi sangat penting diterapkan dalam sistem pendidikan Indonesia. Hal ini diperkuat dengan pendapat Yuliana et al (2016:109-114) bahwa realitas situasi di sekolah-sekolah sekarang dengan maraknya kekerasan, pemerkosaan dan pembunuhan, ini membuktikan ada yang perlu dilakukan dan diperbaiki. Selain itu merujuk pada catatan kementrian kementrian pendidikan kebudayaan, riset dan teknologi mengungkapkan 25% peserta didik di Indonesia mengalami berbagai bentuk perundungan berdasarkan hasil Assment Nasional (AN) 2022. Dilanjutkan, Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI) mencatat 226 kasus kekerasan secara fisik dan psikis termasuk perundungan terhadap anak, jumlahnya terus meningkat sepanjang 2022, sebagian kasus kekerasan terjadi di lingkungan sekolah/madrasah. Perilaku seperti ini merupakan tanda kemerosotan moral dan etika seorang pelajar di Indonesia. Banyak faktor yang menjadi pemicu dalam kasus ini salah satunya situs jejaring sosial yang kurang menekankan pada filter akses sehingga anak-anak dan remaja dapat dengan mudah mengaksesnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 454, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun perlu diperhatikan, dalam penerapan/implementasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah, semua komponen (stakeholders) harus dilibatkan, termasuk komponen-komponen pendidikan itu sendiri, yaitu isi kurikulum, proses pembelajaran dan penilaian, kualitas hubungan, penanganan atau pengelolaan mata pelajaran, pengelolaan sekolah, pelaksanaan aktivitas atau kegiatan kokurikuler, pemberdayaan sarana prasarana, pembiayaan, dan ethos kerja seluruh warga dan lingkungan sekolah. Dengan demikian, pendidikan karakter itu harus dilandasi oleh budaya sekolah itu sendiri, artinya sekolah perlu membangun budaya yang kondusif demi memacu dan menunjang pembekalan karakter bagi pribadi-pribadi siswa itu sendiri. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Kurniawati (2022) yang mengemukakan bahwa hal yang lebih urgent dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan karakter ini adalah diharapkan tidak hanya siswa yang secara langsung dibentuk karakternya, tetapi juga guru sebagai pendidiknya. Sehingga pengimplementasian pendidikan karakter dapat dijalankan dan mampu menghasilkan siswa dan guru yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 454, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya untuk mengimplementasikan pendidikan karakter adalah melalui pendekatan holistik, yaitu mengintegrasikan perkembangan karakter kedalam setiap aspek kehidupan sekolah. Sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan karakter perlu melakukan: (1) mengumpulkan guru, orang tua, dan peserta didik bersama-sama mengidentifikasi unsur-unsur karakter yang mereka ingin tekankan; (2) memberikan pelatihan bagi guru bagaimana mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter ke dalam kehidupan sehingga menjadi budaya sekolah; (3) menjalin kerjasama dengan orang tua dan masyarakat agar peserta didik dapat mendengar dan melihat bahwa perilaku karakter itu penting bagi keberhasilan di sekolah dan bagi diri mereka sendiri: (4) memberikan kesempatan kepada kepala sekolah, guru, orang tua dan masyarakat untuk menjadi model perilaku sosial dan moral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlu diperhatikan dalam membentuk dan mengembangkan karakter pada peserta didik dalam suatu lembaga pendidikan, diperlukan adanya kerjasama antara pemerintah, guru, peserta didik, orang tua dan lingkungan sekitar. Dengan adanya kerjasama antara sekolah dan lingkungan masyarakat, pendidikan karakter bisa dilaksanakan dengan baik, dan untuk mewujudkan kerjasama yang baik, diperlukan pengelolaan yang baik pula. Pengelolaan dalam dunia pendidikan disebut dengan manajemen pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 679, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen pendidikan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam mengembangkan pembentukan karakter peserta didik di sekolah, karena manajemen merupakan proses dimana guru, peserta didik dan masyarakat saling bekerja sama memberikan pemikiran-pemikiran guna untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Menurut Agus Wibowo (2012:6) diperlukan adanya manajemen pendidikan khususnya manajemen pendidikan karakter agar implementasi pendidikan karakter disekolah bisa berjalan efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1466 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen pendidikan karakter yang efektif akan jadi sangat penting untuk mendukung segenap komponen pendidikan di sekolah dalam mengaplikasikan pendidikan karakter. Melalui manajemen pendidikan yang efektif akan terjalin kerja sama dan komunikasi yang sinergis antara pemerintah, pengelola sekolah, komite sekolah, masyarakat dan orang tua peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 454, "height": 320, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengamatan dan wawancara sederhana dengan beberapa narasumber yakni kepala sekolah dan guru pada SD Negeri 39 Maluku Tengah (D.P, E.L dan B.L) serta kepala sekolah dan guru pada SD Kristen Haruru (S.A, O.M dan T.S) sebagai bagian dari kajian awal untuk mengetahui permasalahan yang ada di lapangan, secara umum dapat digambarkan bahwa (1) manajemen pendidikan karakter sudah dilaksanakan, tetapi belum secara optimal, penerapan pendidikan karakter belum benar-benar menjadi budaya; (2) Peranan guru dalam menanamkan konsep pendidikan karakter cenderung kurang maksimal, masih kurangnya kesempatan yang diberikan kepada guru untuk mengembangkan potensinya dalam pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan worshop, dan pelatihan-pelatihan, karena kegiatan worshop dan pelatihan lebih difokuskan pada pengembangan kompetensi pedagogik dan professional; (3) Dalam proses pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter sering juga diperhadapkan dengan situasi dimana sikap sikap peserta didik yang cepat terpengaruh dengan sikap teman yang lain, lingkungan dan juga sikap yang cenderung sulit untuk berubah dari perilaku yang lama; (4) Masih adanya guru yang memilki kecenderungan kurang sabar dalam menghadapi perilaku peserta didik sehingga terkadang mengeluarkan kata atau tindakan yang menjurus pada perundungan; (5) Ketersediaan sarana prasarana penunjang pengembangan pendidikan kararkter yang kurang memadai menjadi salah satu penghambat pengembangan pendidikan karakter disekolah; (6) Pola pengawasan dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan karakter yang masih lemah karena tanggung jawab pengawasan lebih banyak menjadi tanggung jawab guru kelas, akibatnya peserta didik terus mengulang sikap yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan pendidikan karakter; (7) Tidak adanya sanksi yang mengikat terhadap pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter sehingga pelaksanaanya hanya berlandaskan kesadaran pribadi; (8) Belum adanya tim khusus yang diberikan tanggung jawab untuk mengawasi pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter; (9) Perubahan kurikulum yang terjadi secara cepat mengakibatkan guru belum beradaptasi dan masih merasa nyaman dengan kurikulum sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 453, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang di atas, Peneliti merasa tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter Pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 525, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 454, "height": 212, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, hal ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang manajemen pendidikan karakter pada sekolah penggerak dari aspek perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan dan pengawasan serta evaluasi dengan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua Sekolah Dasar Penggerak angkatan pertama di kecamatan Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, yaitu SD Negeri 39 Maluku Tengah dan SD Kristen Haruru yang merupakan subjek penelitian sedangkan objek penelitiannya adalah manajemen pendidikan karakter pada sekolah dasar penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai. Sesuai dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif maka peneliti berperan sebagai instrumen utama dalam pengumpulan data yang berpegang pada pedoman observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen utama dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dimana daya penalaran atau daya pikir dari peneliti itu sendiri merupakan alat penelitiannya (Sugiyono, 2011). Pengecekan keabsahan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi metode yang merupakan bagian dari kriteria derajat kepercayaan. Triangulasi metode dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan informasi atau data dengan cara yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1467 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbeda. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan sebagai jawaban dari permaslaahan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 138, "width": 156, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 42 data yang berkaitan dengan fokus penelitian. 20 data yang terkait dengan manajemen pendidikan karakter di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah, dan 22 data yang terkait manajemen pendidikan karakter di SD Kristen Haruru. Manajemen pendidikan karakter pada SD Negeri 39 Maluku Tengah terdiri dari 3 data perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter, 3 data pengorganisasian manajemen pendidikan karakter, 3 data pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter, 2 data evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter, 6 nilai karakter sebagai ciri khas sekolah dasar penggerak dan 3 data faktor penunjang dan penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter. Manajemen pendidikan karakter pada SD Kristen Haruru terdiri dari 3 data perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter, 2 data pengorganisasian manajemen pendidikan karakter, 3 data pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter, 4 data evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter, 4 nilai karakter sebagai ciri khas sekolah dasar penggerak dan 5 data faktor penunjang dan penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 284, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 348, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 362, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kajian terhadap dokumentasi sekolah terkait perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah menunjukan bahwa perencanaan, manajemen pendidikan karakter dilakukan setiap tahun, yang melibatkan pihak sekolah dan pemangku kepentingan. Kurikulum yang digunakan telah dikembangkan dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila, sebagaimana tuntutan tujuan Sekolah Penggerak. Seperti penjelasan kepala sekolah berkut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 429, "width": 432, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Pendidikan karakter sangat dibutuhkan di SD khususnya di sekolah penggerak yang mengutamakan nilai karakter. Perencanaan diawali dengan penentuan tema dimensi profil pelajar Pancasila (ada 6 dimensi profil pelajar Pancasila) yang perlu ditanamkan bagi peserta didik, Tema tersebut dijabarkan dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas. Memang tidak ada panitia khusus yang bertanggungjawab merencanakan dan melaksanakan pendidikan karakter, semua guru berperan aktif. Tujuan utamanya adalah mengubah karakter anak menjadi lebih baik. Karena anak SD masih ada dalam tahap perkembangan sehingga pendidikan karakter peserta didik itu penting ditanamkan sedini mungkin. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelusuran tersebut penulis menemukan RKJM, RKT, dan RKAS yang di dalamnya memuat mengenai program penguatan karakter peserta didik yang dituangkan dalam beberapa kegiatan seperti kegiatan terprogram, kegiatan spontan dan kegiatan pembiasaan. Dalam RKAS terdapat Standar Pengembangan Budaya dan Lingkungan Sekolah yang meliputi pengembangan budaya bersih, penciptaan lingkungan sehat, asri, indah, rindang, sejuk, pemenuhan sistem sanitasi/drainasi, penciptaan budaya tata krama, serta peningkatan kerjasama dengan lembaga lain yang relevan. Dari temuan tersebut membuktikan bahwa perencanaan mengenai penanaman nilai- nilai karakter peserta didik benar-benar dilaksanakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 645, "width": 246, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pengorganisasian Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 658, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indikator aspek pengorganisasian pendidikan karakter dalam penelitian ini adalah pembagian beban kerja, tugas dan kewenangan, yang meliputi struktur organisasi/tim, penanggung jawab pendidikan karakter, serta sarana prasarana penunjang pendidikan karakter. Semua aspek memiliki keterkaitan satu sama lain, untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang komprehensif maka dideskripsikan secara holistik. Dalam proses pengorganisasian pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah, kepala sekolah D.P (16 Maret 2023) menyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 739, "width": 433, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Seperti sudah dijelaskan bahwa tujuan kita selaku sekolah penggerak adalah u ntuk menanamkan karakter peserta didik, dan guru memiliki peran penting di situ. Saya sendiri selaku kepala sekolah tentu tidak bisa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1468 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 95, "width": 432, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bekerja sendiri, tapi dibantu teman-teman guru yang bertindak sebagai wali kelas. Tidak ada struktur organisasi atau tim untuk mengkoordinir pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 122, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai proses pengorganisasian ini, melalui studi dokumentasi penulis tidak menemukan dokumen-dokumen berupa SK Penunjukan tugas kepada salah satu guru dalam rangka menumbuhkan karakter peserta didik. Adapun SK yang penulis temukan adalah SK terkait dengan pembagian penanggung jawab kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tahap pengorganisasian manajemen Pendidikan karakter di sekolah ini belum berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 203, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pelaksanaan Manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 216, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indikator aspek pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dalam penelitian ini adalah bentuk kegiatan yang dilaksanakan, pengintegrasian nilai karakter pada setiap mata pelajaran dalam merancang RPP, bentuk pengembangan kompetensi guru, jadwal pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter, serta pihak yang dilibatkan dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah, Kepala sekolah D.P (16 Maret 2023) menyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 297, "width": 432, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Bent uk kegiatan utamanya yaitu penilaian project P5, karena di situ setiap anak akan dinilai penalaranya, kreativitasnya, kemandiriannya, disiplin, bertanggungjawab, dsb dinilai setiap sabtu dan dalam proses pembelajaran. Pengintegrasian nilai-nilai karakter pelajar Pancasila dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran, mulai dari penyusunan CP, TP, ATP. Di sana sudah inklusif nilai-nilai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 365, "width": 433, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal senada disampaikan oleh guru J.P bahwa “Dalam merancang RPP di sekolah telah memuat nilai-nilai karakter. Nilai karakter yang paling sering muncul dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas yaitu disiplin, bertanggungjawab, kreativitas, gotong royong, saling menghargai, kerjasama. Yang paling sulit diterapkan adalah disiplin dan menghargai pendapat teman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter ini tak banyak dokumen yang dapat penulis temukan hanya saja penulis menemukan dokumen berupa notulen rapat yang memuat keputusan penerapan atau pelaksanaan Pendidikan karakter pada peserta didik. Pada notulen rapat tersebut tertulis bahwa pelaksanaan Pendidikan karakter pada peserta didik dilakukan setiap hari dari awal peserta didik masuk ke lingkungan sekolah sampai peserta didik pulang sekolah. Mengenai bentuknya dapat dilakukan dalam kegiatan terprogram, spontan dan pembiasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 513, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 526, "width": 454, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indikator aspek evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu pelaksanaan evaluasi, pihak yang melakukan evaluasi, cara penilaian, serta ketercapaian program pendidikan karakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 567, "width": 454, "height": 118, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti yang disampaikan oleh D.P (16 Maret 2023) kepala SDN 39 Maluku Tengah berikut: “Ya, sebagai pemimpin pembelajar itu mema ng menjadi tanggung jawab saya. Bukan cuma soal pendidikan karakter, tapi juga kesiapan mengajar guru. Instrumen pendidikan karakter untuk menilai guru tidak ada, hanya berupa catatan-catatan kecil. Jika dalam pengawasan ada temuan, maka akan dievaluasi. Pertama-tama saya akan memanggil guru tersebut secara pribadi untuk mendiskusikannya. Evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter dilakukan melalui observasi terhadap perilaku peserta didik, secara lisan, perbuatan, raut muka, gerak badan, dan sebagainya. Evaluasi ini dimaksudkan untuk mengukur apakah anak sudah memiliki satu atau sekelompok karakter yang diterapkan di sekolah dalam kurun waktu tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 688, "width": 271, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Nilai karakter sebagai ciri khas Sekolah Dasar Penggerak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 702, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di SDN 39 Maluku Tengah melalui proses pembelajaran dan pembiasaan. Nilai-nilai karakter yang dikembangkan dari kegiatan tersebut, sebagai berikut : 1. Upacara Bendera; 2. Menerapkan Kebersihan ; 3. Pelaksanaan ibadah usbu serta doa sebelum dan sesudah belajar; 4. Mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter ke dalam mata pelajaran; 5. Keteladanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 756, "width": 433, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu nilai karakter yang dikembangkan melalui kegiatan pengintegrasian pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1469 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karakter ke dalam mata pelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan karakter bagi peserta didik dapat dilakukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan mengintegrasikan nilai karakter dalam setiap mata pelajaran. Transformasi nilai karakter yang dibahas berjalan searah dari guru kepada peserta didik. Terkait hal ini, I.A (13 Maret 2023) guru SDN 39 Maluku Tengah yang menyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 162, "width": 433, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Pendidikan karakter adalah tanggung jawab semua guru untuk diajarkan kepada peserta didik pada saat belajar dan memberikan materi pelajaran serta contoh teladan yang baik dalam berucap, bersikap dan bertindak dalam pergaulan sehari-hari .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 203, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Keteladanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 216, "width": 454, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keteladanan harus selalu ditampilkan dalam segala aspek pendidikan dan dilakukan secara kontinyu, agar lebih mudah diserap dan diterima oleh peserta didik. Sebagaimana yang dikemukakan oleh E. L (9 Maret 2023) guru SDN 39 Maluku Tengah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 257, "width": 432, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Tugas gur u sangat penting untuk membina peserta didik di kelas. Karena melalui bimbingan guru, peserta didik dapat menunjukan nilai-nilai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila. Guru harus menjadi role model bagi peserta didik dan ada hal-hal yang disepakati untuk dilakukan oleh guru dan peserta didik di kelas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keteladanan seorang guru tercermin dari tutur kata, penampilan, dan pergaulan. Pendidikan karakter tiadak hanya di dalam kelas tetapi juga di luar kelas, tidak lagi terbatas pada ceramah nilai- nilai karakter, akan tetapi juga dalam pembiasaan, keteladanan dan juga dalam kegiatan ektrakurikuler.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor penunjang dan penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 392, "width": 454, "height": 131, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor tersebut terdiri dari factor internal dan factor eksternal. Terkait factor internal. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa karakter yang dimiliki peserta didik berbeda-beda sehingga guru harus berusaha memahami karakter masing-masing anak. Ada sebagian peserta didik yang senang bermain, ada yang senang bergerak dan sangat aktif, serta ada yang senang bekerja dalam kelompok, Akan tetapi, di sinilah kendalanya karena guru akan merasa kesulitan untuk dapat memahami karakter peserta didik dengan jumlah peserta didik yang melebihi guru. Sedangkan faktor eksternal Keluarga berperan aktif dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter sejak dini terhadap anaknya. Keluarga merupakan wahana pertama dan utama dalam membangun nilai-nilai karakter. Jika dalam keluarga sudah gagal dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter baik terhadap anak, maka akan sulit bagi lembaga di luar keluarga untuk memperbaikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 526, "width": 432, "height": 51, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terkait hal ini, I.A (13 Maret 2023) guru SDN 39 Maluku Tengah menjelaskan bahwa “ Faktor penghambat misalnya lingkungan sekitar peserta didik, serta guru sendiri yang sulit berubah. Untuk mengelola faktor-faktor tersebut adalah koordinasi dan komitmen bersama antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua peserta didik di rumah untuk menerap kan pendidikan karakter peserta didik”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 594, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter di SD Kristen Haruru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 607, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kajian terhadap dokumentasi sekolah terkait perencanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter di SD Kristen Haruru menunjukan bahwa perencanaan,manajemen pendidikan karakter dilakukan setiap tahun, yang melibatkan pihak sekolah dan pemangku kepentingan. Kurikulum yang digunakan telah dikembangkan dengan mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila, sebagaimana tuntutan tujuan Sekolah Penggerak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terkait dengan proses perencanaan pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SD Kristen Haruru, Kepala sekolah S.A (6 Maret 2023) menjelaskan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 715, "width": 433, "height": 51, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“untuk SDK Haruru, pendidikan karakter telah diintegrasikan dalam kurikulu m, jadi secara nyata proses perencanaannya berjalan bersamaan dengan proses pembelajaran di kelas. Tujuannya untuk membentuk karakter peseta didik, yang mungkin kurang terbentuk dengan baik di rumah bisa dibentuk di sekolah. Hasilnya sangat nyata. Contohnya kebiasaan-kebiasaan peserta didik yang kurang baik dapat dibentuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1470 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 95, "width": 433, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan pendidikan karakter di sekolah. Kalau memperhatikan KOSP, secara jelas telah diintegrasikan nilai-nilai profil Pelajar Pancasila. Jadi sudah ada dalam kurikulum. Sebagai sekolah Kristen, pengembangan karakter memang menjadi fokus utama kami. Sesuai visi sekolah, kami juga mengutamakan pendidikan karakter sebagai salah satu program sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu penulis juga menemukan dokumen berupa visi dan misi sekolah yang di dalamnya memuat tentang capaian yang ingin dicapai sekolah terkait pendidikan karakter di tahun mendatang. Selain hasil temuan tersebut dari hasil observasi penulis, penulis menemukan beberapa jadwal dan foto kegiatan yang tertempel di madding seperti jadwal pramuka dan jadwal ibadah usbu. Dari temuan tersebut membuktikan bahwa perencanaan mengenai penanaman nilai-nilai karakter peserta didik benar-benar dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 230, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pengorganisasian manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam proses pengorganisasian pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SD Kristen Haruru, Kepala Sekolah S.A (6 Maret 2023) menyampaikan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 454, "height": 186, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Tidak ada struktur organisasi atau tim untuk mengkoordinir pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah kami. Berbeda dengan satuan pendidikan SMP dan SMA, di SD kan belum memiliki guru BP atau BK. Maka pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di sekolah kami dipercayakan kepada guru agama. Selain itu semua guru berperan dalam menerapkan Pendidikan karakter karena tugas utama dewan guru adalah membentuk karakter peserta didik. Hal ini tercermin dalam RPP yang disusun harus memuat nilai-nilai tersebut. Pengembangan pendidikan karakter peserta didik sampai saat ini memang belum memerlukan dana yang signifikan. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan jika diperlukan, sekolah akan mendukung dan memfasilitasinya. Sampai saat ini sarana dan prasarana penunjang pun belum memadai. Kami masih menggunakan ruang kelas sebagai tempat pembentukan karakter. Ke depan kami bercita-cita memiliki ruang chapel atau ruang doa yang akan dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat pembentukan karakter Mengenai proses pengorganisasian ini, melalui studi dokumentasi penulis tidak menemukan dokumen-dokumen berupa SK Penunjukan tugas kepada salah satu guru dalam rangka menumbuhkan karakter peserta didik. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tahap pengorganisasian manajemen Pendidikan karakter di sekolah ini belum berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 459, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pelaksanaan Manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter peserta didik di SD Kristen Haruru menurut keterangan kepala sekolah S.A (6 Maret 2023) adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 499, "width": 433, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Bentuk pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi foto-foto aktivitas peserta didik di sekolah ketika pagi, ada guru piket yang menyambut peserta didik datang ke sekolah dengan salam dan kesantunan. Sampai pulang sekolah, jika ada peserta didik yang lalai menerapkan 5S akan diingatkan oleh guru. Hal ini sudah jadi pembiasaan di sekolah kami. Pelaksanaannya melalui pembiasaan. Artinya kegiatan seperti doa pagi dan doa pulang selalu kami lakukan setiap hari. Pembiasaan yang baik akan berdampak pada perbaikan nilai karakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pelaksanaan manajemen pendidikan karakter ini tak banyak dokumen yang dapat penulis temukan hanya saja penulis menemukan dokumen berupa notulen rapat yang memuat keputusan penerapan atau pelaksanaan Pendidikan karakter pada peserta didik. Pada notulen rapat tersebut tertulis bahwa pelaksanaan Pendidikan karakter pada peserta didik dilakukan setiap hari dari awal peserta didik masuk ke lingkungan sekolah sampai peserta didik pulang sekolah. Mengenai bentuknya dapat dilakukan dalam kegiatan terprogram, spontan dan pembiasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 661, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Evaluasi manajemen pendidikan karakter", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi terhadap pengawasan, monitoring dan evaluasi di SD Kristen Haruru dilakukan secara berkala, baik harian, mingguan, bulanan, triwulan, semester dan tahunan. Pengawasan pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter ini dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah. Pengawasan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mencari tahu tentang kelemahan dan kekuatan yang terjadi selama pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter, baik dari aspek materi maupun kinerja peserta didik dan juga guru yang melaksanakan pendidikan karakter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 756, "width": 432, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil temuan penulis tersebut sejalan dengan apa yang disampaikan oleh S.A (6 Maret 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1471 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 221, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "selaku kepala SD Kristen Haruru sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 108, "width": 432, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Untuk pengawasan dari pihak luar sekolah, memang tidak ada. Pengawasan dilakukan secara internal oleh saya, selaku kepala sekolah, secara lisan. Pengawasan dilakukan secara bersamaan dengan monitoring proses pembelajaran, apabila ada kelalaian dalam hal pembentukan karakter, maka akan saya tegur pada saat rapat evaluasi dengan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 162, "width": 271, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Nilai karakter sebagai ciri khas Sekolah Dasar Penggerak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter di SD Kristen Haruru melalui proses pembelajaran dan pembiasaan. Nilai-nilai karakter yang dikembangkan dari kegiatan tersebut, sebagai berikut :1. Upacara Bendera; 2. Menerapkan kebersihan; 3. Pelaksanaan ibadah usbu serta doa sebelum dan sesudah belajar; 4. Mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter ke dalam mata pelajaran; 5. Keteladanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 230, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan karakter bagi peserta didik dapat dilakukan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan mengintegrasikan nilai karakter dalam setiap mata pelajaran. Transformasi nilai karakter yang dibahas berjalan searah dari guru kepada peserta didik. Terkait hal ini, N.W (7 Maret 2023) guru SD Kristen Haruru mengemukakan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 284, "width": 433, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Setiap mata pelajaran di sekolah telah terintegrasi den gan nilai karakter profil pelajar Pancasila. Berbeda dengan Kurikulum 2013, kurikulum merdeka belajar yang digunakan saat ini lebih menekankan peran aktif peserta didik. Hal ini tentu mendukung pengembangan karakter peserta didik yang baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 338, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor penunjang dan penghambat penerapan pendidikan karakter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, peneliti melakukan observasi bahwa faktor pendukung pendidikan karakter bagi peserta didik adalah keteladanan dan pengajaran guru di sekolah, orang tua di rumah dan lingkungan masyarakat sekitar. Jika yang ditemukannya baik, maka baik pula karakternya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 405, "width": 432, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terkait hal ini, Kepala SD Kristen Haruru S.A (6 Maret 2023) memberikan penjelasan : “Faktor pendukung terbesar yaitu keikhlasan guru dan peserta didik sendiri untuk memperbaiki diri masing-masing. Sebagai kepala sekolah, saya hanya bisa memberikan motivasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 459, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 282, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen pendidikan karakter pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 486, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan merupakan kegiatan awal dari serangkaian kegiatan yang ada dalam proses manajemen Pendidikan tak terkecuali manajemen Pendidikan karakter. Perencanaan dalam manajemen memegang peranan dan fungsi yang sangat penting untuk menentukan arah organisasi. Apa saja yang akan dilakukan akan menentukan keberhasilan sebuah organisasi, oleh karena itu kematangan sebuah perencanaan sangat menentukan keberhasilan sebuah organisasi. Maka proses yang dilakukan oleh pihak SDN 39 Maluku Tengah menyangkut fungsi perencanaan pada manajemen pendidikan karakter dengan mengadakan rapat, menentukan tujuan, menyusun program dan mengintegrasikan sudah sangat tepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 594, "width": 454, "height": 172, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil temuan penelitian tersebut sesuai dengan yang diungkapkan Marwiyati (2020:152) bahwa, pendidikan karakter juga mesti secara sengaja direncanakan, ada semacam niat, kehendak, dan kemauan untuk secara sengaja mengembangkan pendidikan karakter di sekolah. Tanpa adanya niat atau keinginan, pendidikan karakter akan bersifat marjinal dalam kinerja sebuah sekolah. Langkah- langkah yang dilakukan SDN 39 Maluku Tengah tak lepas dari peran dan fungsi Kepala Sekolah sebagai pimpinan pendidikan, Supriadi (2021:264-272) menjabarkan fungsi Kepala Sekolah adalah sebagai berikut: (1) membantu guru memahami, memilih, merumuskan tujuan pendidikan. Kepala Sekolah bersama-sama dengan guru dan tata usaha bersama-sama merumuskan tujuan pendidikan yang ingin dicapai oleh sekolah secara bersama-sama yang dilakukan pada awal tahun ajaran baru atau awal semester. (2) menggerakkan guru-guru, tata usaha, peserta didik, dan anggota masyarakat untuk menyukseskan program-program pendidikan di sekolah. (3) Menciptakan sekolah sebagai suatu lingkungan kerja yang harmonis, sehat, dinamis, dan nyaman, sehingga segenap anggota sekolah dapat bekerja dengan penuh produktivitas dan memperoleh kepuasan kerja yang tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1472 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 454, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikain dapat disimpulkan bahwa langkah-langkah perencanaan dalam manajemen Pendidikan karakter peserta didik pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah sudah sangat sesuai dengan langkah-langkah perencanaan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 135, "width": 454, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain perencanaan, proses pengorganisasian diketahui bahwa Kepala Sekolah sebagai manajer tidak hanya membagi tugas-tugas kepada bawahannya, akan tetapi juga mengarahkan dan memotivasi semua stakeholder sekolah dan juga peserta didik-siswi di sekolah agar tujuan dari penedidikan yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya dapat tercapai. Kegiatan ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Niswah dan Setiawan (2021: 115-132) bahwa pengarahan atau penggerakan sangat penting untuk membuat semua anggota organisasi mau bekerja sama dan bekerja ikhlas serta bergairah untuk mencapai tujuan sesuai dengan perencanaan dan usaha-usaha pengorganisasian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 454, "height": 172, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan perencanaan yang dituangkan dalam RKS dan RKAS, maka langkah selanjutnya adalah pengorganisasian. Kepala sekolah menyatakan bahwa pengorganisasian yang dilakukan memperhatikan 5W dan 1H yaitu apa kegiatan yang akan dilakukan, dimana akan dilaksanakan, kapan akan dilaksanakan, siapa yang akan melaksanakan, mengapa mengapa harus dilaksanakan, dan bagaimana pelaksanaanya, hal ini dilakukan dengan tujuan agas semuanya tepat sasaran dan efisien. Hal ini sesuai dengan makna organizing yang dikemukakan oleh Saefrudin (2018:1-16) yang menyatakan bahwa Organizing adalah proses membagi kerja ke dalam tugas-tugas yang lebih kecil, membebankan tugas-tugas itu kepada orang yang sesuai dengan kemampuannya, dan mengalokasikan sumber daya, serta mengkoordinasikannya dalam rangka efektivitas pencapaian tujuan organisasi. Sehingga dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepala sekolah dalam proses pengorganisasian sudah sesuai dengan yang disampaikan oleh Saifudin tersebut karena dengan mengacu pada 5W dan 1H kepala sekolah berusaha dengan sungguh-sungguh menganalisis mengenai kebutuhan pada tahap organizing ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Pendidikan karakter pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah dilaksanakan secara integratif oleh semua guru termasuk kepala sekolah sendiri, tidak hanya guru agama. Sedangkan mengenai pelaksanaan program harian penanaman karakter itu melekat pada aturan yang ditetapkan dalam tata tertib sekolah, mulai dari kehadiran peserta didik tepat waktu, berdoa, pelaksanaan KBM, tanggung jawab peserta didik dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas di kelas, tanggung jawab peserta didik dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas di rumah. Menurut Ritonga (2020: 43-55), penggerakan atau pelaksanaan merupakan usaha untuk menciptakan iklim kerja sama di antara staf pelaksana program sehingga tujuan organisasi dapat tercapai secara efektif dan efisien. Fungsi penggerakan tidak terlepas dari fungsi manajemen lainnya. Fungsi Penggerakan (actuating) haruslah dimulai pada pimpinan organisasi. Seorang pemimpin harus mampu bersikap yaitu objektif dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan organisasi melalui pengamatan, objektif dalam menghadapi perbedaan dan persamaan karakter stafnya baik sebagai individu maupun kelompok manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemimpin mempunyai tekad untuk mencapai kemajuan, peka terhadap lingkungan dan adanya kemampuan bekerja sama dengan orang lain secara harmonis. Dengan kata lain, pemimpin harus peka dengan kodrat manusia yaitu mempunyai kekuatan dan kelemahan, tidak mungkin akan mampu bekerja sendiri dan pasti akan memerlukan bantuan orang lain, manusia mempunyai kebutuhan yang bersifat pribadi dan sosial, dan pada diri manusia kadang-kadang muncul juga sifat- sifat emosional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 661, "width": 454, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pelaksanaan pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah juga sejalan degan apa yang disampaikan oleh Rosyad (2019:59-72) yang menyatakan bahwa penerapan pendidikan karakter di sekolah setidaknya dapat ditempuh melalui empat alternatif strategi secara terpadu. Pertama, mengintegrasikan konten pendidikan karakter yang telah dirumuskan ke dalam seluruh mata pelajaran. Kedua, mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter kedalam kegiatan sehari-hari di sekolah. Ketiga, mengintegrasikan pendidikan karakter ke dalam kegiatan yang diprogamkan atau direncanakan. Keempat, membangun komunikasi kerjasama antar sekolah dengan orang tua peserta didik. Yang terakhir adalah pengawasan dan evaluasi, yang mana Pengawasan terhadap manajemen Pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1473 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karakter pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah dilakukan melalui monitoring dan evaluasi yang erat kaitannya dengan perencanaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 122, "width": 454, "height": 131, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengawasan dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah, hal ini bertujuan agar program kerja yang telah ditetapkan dan disepakati bersama, dapat terlaksana sesuai dengan target pencapaian yang diinginkan. Hasil temuan penulis diatas menyatakan bahwa evaluasi pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah membutuhkan penilaian khusus. Penilaian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi secara objektif, berkelanjutan dan menyeluruh tentang proses dan hasil yang dicapai, sehingga nantinya digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menentukan tindakan selanjutnya. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang diungkapkan Magdalena et., al (2020: 244-257) yang menyatakan bahwa, evaluasi merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui keadaan suatu objek dengan menggunakan alat (instrumen) tertentu dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan standar tertentu untuk memperoleh kesimpulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan melalui observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara dapat terlihat bahwa evaluasi pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter peserta didik pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah dilakukan secara langsung berupa pengamatan perilaku dan sikap peserta didik, tanpa instrument terukur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Idrus (2019:162), setiap kegiatan pengawasan memerlukan tolok ukur atau kriteria untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan dalam bekerja, yang dalam penilaian kinerja (evaluasi) disebut Standar Pekerjaan. Tanpa tolok ukur, maka tidak satupun sistem kontrol yang dapat dilakukan secara efektif. Oleh karena itu, pengukuran suatu sistem kontrol terdiri dari standar (tolok ukur), proses pengukuran (penilaian), koreksi dan umpan balik yang diberlakukan dapat menjadi motivasi untuk meningkatkan kinerja dalam organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 392, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat beberapa hal penting yang menjadi point penting pada SDN 39 Maluku Tengah, yaitu adanya kerjasama dan kolaborasi antara guru dan peserta didik dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar mengajar. Guru dapat menemukan cara-cara unik dalam penyampaian materi pembelajaran, guna menarik minat peserta didik untuk mendalami pelajaran serta mengasah keterampilan hidup peserta didik melalui setiap bahan ajar yang disajikan. Metode penyampaian nilai karakter yang dilakukan oleh guru perlu disesuaikan dengan tiap bahan ajar dan karakteristik mata pelajarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 472, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam mengimplementasikan pendidikan karakter peserta didik, tentu terdapat faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Adapun faktor pendukung dalam implementasi pendidikan karakter peserta didik di sekolah adalah pembiasaan yang dilakukan di sekolah yang lebih menekankan pada peraturan yang disesuaikan dengan pembelajaran. Selain itu, orang tua dan lingkungan masyarakat juga bisa menjadi faktor pendukung implementasi pendidikan karakter. Implementasi pendidikan karakter peserta didik dapat dilakukan dengan cara pembiasaan dan penekanan kepada peserta didik yang diterapkan di sekolah. Pembiasaan yang dilakukan di sekolah bisa membuat peserta didik menerapkan pendidikan karakter, tidak hanya itu saja pembiasaan yang di dapat dari keluarga dan lingkungan masyarakat juga dapat membantu pembentukan karakter yang baik sesuai dengan karakter anak bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengingat sekarang banyak kemerosotan karakter, maka pendidikan karakter perlu diterapkan di dunia pendidikan untuk menjamin anak-anak memiliki kepribadian yang baik dalam kehidupanya, menjadi modal untuk anak menjalani kehidupan di masa depan, membantu anak untuk menghormati orang lain, dan memberikan pelajaran mengenai nilai-nilai budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen pendidikan karakter pada SD Kristen Haruru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentuk perencanaan pendidikan karakter di SD Kristen Haruru yang dilakukan baik dalam bentuk kegiatan pembelajaran maupun kegiatan luar sekolah seperti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dengan memasukan nilai-nilai karakter yang dikembangkan yang tujuan juga untuk mengembangkan kreativitas peserta didik. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang di ungkapkan Thomas Lickona dalam bukunya Abdullah Munir (2018) bahwa pendidikan untuk membentuk kepribadian seseorang melalui pendidikan budi pekerti, yang hasilnya dilihat dalam tindakan nyata seseorang yaitu tingkah laku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1474 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang baik, jujur, bertanggung jawab, menghormati hak orang lain, kerja keras dan sebagainya. Perencanaan paling awal dalam pendidikan karakter adalah dengan penetuan tujuan. Tujuan tersebut selaras dengan yang dikatakan oleh Wiyani (2019:17) yaitu tujuan pendidikan karakter adalah menguatkan dan mengembangkan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang dianggap penting dan perlu sehingga menjadi kepribadian peserta didik yang khas Sebagaimana nilai-nilai yang dikembangkan, mengoreksi perilaku peserta didik yang tidak bersesuai dengan nilai-nilai yang dikembangkan oleh sekolah dan membangun koneksi yang harmonis dengan keluarga masyarakat dalam memerankan tanggung jawab karakter bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pengorganisasian pendidikan karakter peserta didik pada SD Kristen Haruru dilaksanakan oleh semua guru kelas bagi peserta didik. Jadi apabila ada suatu masalah yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan karakter peserta didik maka akan dtindaklanjuti oleh guru kelas atau wali kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu dalam proses pengorganisasian diketahui bahwa Kepala Sekolah sebagai manajer tidak hanya membagi tugas-tugas kepada bawahannya, akan tetapi juga mengarahkan dan memotivasi semua stakeholder sekolah dan juga peserta didik-siswi di sekolah agar tujuan dari penedidikan yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya dapat tercapai. Kegiatan ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Niswah dan Setiawan (2021:115-132) bahwa pengarahan atau penggerakan sangat penting untuk membuat semua anggota organisasi mau bekerja sama dan bekerja ikhlas serta bergairah untuk mencapai tujuan sesuai dengan perencanaan dan usaha-usaha pengorganisasian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Wiyani (2019:52), pelaksanaan merupakan kegiatan untuk merealisasikan rencana menjadi tindakan nyata dalam rangka mencapai tujuan secara efektif dan efesien. Sehingga akan memilki nilai. Dilihat dari penjabaran mengenai nilai-nilai karakter yang sering ditanamkan guru dalam pembelajaran di SD Kristen Haruru telah menanamkan nilai-nilai karakter dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi terkait dengan penanaman nilai-nilai karakter yang ditanamkan guru. Sedangkan pada kegiatan ekstrakulikuler Kegiatan berjabat tangan dengan guru-guru di gerbang ketika peserta didik berangkat sekolah dan sepulang sekolah sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara dapat terlihat bahwa evaluasi pelaksanaan pendidikan karkater dilakukan dengan pengamatan perilaku dan sikap peserta didik, sesuai dengan yang dikatakan oleh kepala sekolah yaitu prosedur evaluasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah ini dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan perubahan tingkah laku peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 526, "width": 454, "height": 145, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pengamatan tersebut dapat mengetahui peserta didik mana yang melanggar aturan. Jika terus berlanjut kepribadian peserta didik yang kurang baik itu maka akan memanggil orang tua murid atau wali murid. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang diungkapkan Dharma Kesuma (2020), menyatakan bahwa evaluasi merupakan upaya untuk mengetahui keadaan suatu objek dengan menggunakan alat tertentu dan membandingkan hasilnya dengan standar tertentu untuk memperoleh kesimpulan. Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter menuntut peran serta guru dan peserta didik seperti yang tertera sebelumnya. Kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah selama proses belajar mengajar yang berlangsung berperan aktif pada peserta didik. Hal ini sesuai dengan salah satu prinsip kegiatan pembelajaran yang potensial dan dapat mengembangkan karakter peserta didik yaitu supaya peserta didik terfasilitasi dalam mengenal, menjadi peduli dan menginternalisasi karakter serta peserta didik diberikan peran aktif dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 454, "height": 91, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun segala hal sudaah direncanakan secara baik tetapi ada beberapa factor yang mempengaruhi penanaman karakter dapat terlaksana atau tidak. Faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan manajemen Pendidikan karakter di SD Kristen Haruru meliputi faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Factor pendung seperti Kegiatan yang sudah terprogram dan dukungan dari semua warga sekolah, orang tua / wali muri dan masyarakat sekitar dan Kondisi lingkungan yang selalu melakukan budaya sekolah untuk membangun nilai-nilai karakter. Sedangkan factor penghambat seperti Terbatasnya kontrol dari sekolah setelah pulang sekolah. Dalam hal ini pihak sekolah tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 51, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 5, 1 (June 2024): 1465-1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 51, "width": 45, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1475 of 1476", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 786, "width": 453, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frida Sapulette, T. G Ratumanan, S. Rumfot / Manajemen Pendidikan Karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat memantau kegiatan anak di rumah dan lingkungannya. Keberagaman karakter peserta didik dan beberapa peserta didik yang susah diatur serta keterbatasan guru dalam mengamati peserta didik. Lingkungan tempat tinggal peserta didik yang dapat mempengaruhi dan menghambat karkater peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 161, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 180, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perencanaan Manajemen pendidikan karakter pada SD Penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai diawali dari rapat perencanaan program pada awal tahun yang melibatkan semua komponen sekolah. Rapat membahas mengenai penentuan tujuan Pendidikan karakter, penyusunan program dan pengintegrasian nilai-nilai karakter pada peserta didik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengorganisasian pendidikan karakter peserta didik pada SD Penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai dilaksanakan oleh semua guru tanpa berdasarkan Surat Keputusan dari kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 455, "height": 78, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pelaksanan Pendidikan karakter pada SD Penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai dilaksanakan secara integratif oleh semua guru termasuk kepala sekolah sendiri, tidak hanya guru agama. Penanaman karakter melekat pada aturan yang ditetapkan dalam tata tertib sekolah, mulai dari kehadiran peserta didik tepat waktu, berdoa, pelaksanaan KBM, tanggung jawab peserta didik dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas di kelas, tanggung jawab peserta didik dalam melaksanakan tugas- tugas di rumah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 455, "height": 37, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengawasan dan evaluasi Pendidikan karakter pada SD Penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai dilakukan oleh pengawas interen yaitu Kepala Sekolah. Pelaksanaanya dilakukan sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi kepala sekolah penggerak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 383, "width": 454, "height": 37, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Nilai karakter pada dimensi profil pelajar Pancasila yang menjadi ciri khas pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak di kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah yaitu akhlak bernegara, akhlak kepada alam, bergotong royong, dan akhlak beragama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Faktor penghambat dan faktor penunjang dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter pada Sekolah Dasar Penggerak di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah bersifat internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal berasal dari dalam diri kepala sekolah, guru dan peserta didik. Sementara factor eksternal berasal dari keluarga dan lingkungan sekitar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Idrus. 2019. Evaluasi dalam Proses Pembelajaran Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam. Vol. 9 No. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 524, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "162", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 453, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lickona, Thomas. 2013. Character Matters (Persoalan Karakter) Bagaimana Membantu Anak Mengembangkan Penilaian yang Baik, Integritas dan Kebijakan Lainnya, Juma Abdu Wamaung & Jean Antunes Rudolf Zien (ter). 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[ { "left": 85, "top": 758, "width": 243, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 | Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 88, "width": 445, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIKAP ORANG TUA TENTANG PENDIDIKAN SEKS PADA REMAJA DI DESA JATILENGGER RT 04/ RW 02 KECAMATAN PONGGOK KABUPATEN BLITAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nining Istighosah 1 , Yunita Dwi Wulansari 2 1,2 Akademi Kebidanan Dharma Husada Kediri Jawa Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 452, "height": 190, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia hingga kini pendidikan seks terus ditolak banyak pihak. Pendidikan sekss dicurigai sebagai kegiatan kontra produktif dan mengarah pada pornografi. Akses terhadap pendidikan seks juga minim, serta hanya sebagian orang tua bersikap positif terhadap pendidikan seks yang diberikan kepada remaja. Banyak orang tua yang bersikap canggung untuk terbuka dengan anak-anak tentang persoalan seksualitas. Padahal, dengan sikap keliru tersebut, anak justru akan berusaha mencari sendiri pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan seksual. Akibatnya pengetahuan yang diperoleh bisa setengah-setengah atau bahkan keliru sehingga dapat menjerumuskan anak pada hal yang negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif . Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh orang tua di Desa Jatilengger RT 04/ RW 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar sebanyak 30 responden. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah positif sebanyak 14 responden (46,66%). Dari berbagai komponen sikap didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah negatif 16 sebanyak responden (53,33%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 449, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pemberian informasi pada orang tua khususnya yang mempunyai anak pada usia remaja tentang pentingnya pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan menggunakan pendekatan sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangan remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 256, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Sikap Orang Tua, Pendidikan Seks, Remaja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 447, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Korespondensi: Ds. Pesantren RT 009/RW 002 Kediri Jawa Timur HP: 081231352032 ,email: [email protected]", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nining Istighosah : Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Remaja Di Desa Jatilengger Rt 04/ Rw 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 758, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 6, No. 1 April 2018 | 30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 82, "width": 68, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 222, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat anak memasuki usia remaja tugas dan tanggung jawab orang tua untuk mendidik anaknya semakin besar, karena remaja adalah seorang yang sedang tumbuh menuju proses pematangan yaitu peralihan dari masa kanak-kanak menuju dewasa. Namun pada tahap ini emosinya belum dapat mengikuti perkembangan fisiknya sehingga sering menimbulkan gejolak maka pada masa ini perlu mendapat perhatian. Salah satunya adalah pendidikan tentang seks agar anak berperilaku sehat baik secara fisik, mental maupun reproduksinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 222, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia hingga kini pendidikan seks terus ditolak banyak pihak. Pendidikan sekss dicurigai sebagai kegiatan kontra produktif dan mengarah pada pornografi. Akses terhadap pendidikan seks juga minim, serta hanya sebagian orang tua bersikap positif terhadap pendidikan seks yang diberikan kepada remaja. Banyak orang tua yang bersikap canggung untuk terbuka dengan anak-anak tentang persoalan seksualitas. Padahal, dengan sikap keliru tersebut, anak justru akan berusaha mencari sendiri pengetahuan yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan seksual. Akibatnya pengetahuan yang diperoleh bisa setengah-setengah atau bahkan keliru sehingga dapat menjerumuskan anak pada hal yang negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 521, "width": 224, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di dunia khususnya di negara maju seperti Amerika sebanyak 9% remaja pernah melahirkan bayi dengan 62 kelahiran per 1000 perempuan,sedang di Indonesia sendiri sebanyak 100 kelahiran per 1000 perempuan. (Menurut survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 618, "width": 222, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut data Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia 2012, 39% remaja mempunyai teman yang sudah pernah melakukan hubungan seks pranikah dan 6,9% responden pernah melakukan hubungan seks pranikah. Menurut survey Komnas Perlindungan Anak 2012 , 93,7% remaja pernah ciuman dan oral seks,62,7% remaja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 714, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMP", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak perawan,21,2% remaja SMU pernah aborsi dan 97% pernah nonton film porno.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 82, "width": 222, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2006 sekitar 26% remaja mengalami hamil di luar nikah. Sedangkan pada tahun 2010 menjadi 37% mengalami hamil pra nikah. Angka ini meningkat 11% dari tahun 2006. (Notoatmodjo,2011)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 164, "width": 222, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kasus seks pra nikah yang melibatkan remaja atau anak dibawah umur makin meningkat. Sejak bulan Januari hingga Maret 2011, setidaknya terjadi 25 kasus pencabulan serta persetubuhan dan beredar 3 video seks yang diperankan oleh remaja di Kabupaten Blitar. (Data Unit Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak Polres Blitar 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 275, "width": 222, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimana sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja di Desa Jatilengger RT 04/ RW 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 368, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 391, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menjelaskan suatu fenomena yang ada di masyarakat. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Semua orang tua di Desa Jatilengger RT 04/ RW 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar sebanyak 30 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 511, "top": 38, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 | Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 112, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Karakteristik responden berdasarkan umur di Desa Jatilengger RT04/RW02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 317, "width": 222, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar dari 30 responden di atas terlihat bahwa 17 responden (56,66%) berusia >35tahun, 12 responden (40%)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 317, "width": 222, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berusia diantara 31-35 tahun, dan 1 responden (3,33%) berusia diantara 26-30 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 358, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. KarakteristikResponden Berdasarkan Pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan diagram diatas sebanyak 10 responden (33,33%) berpendidikan SD, 5 responden (16,67%) berpendidikan SMP, 11 responden (36,67%) berpendidikan SMA, 4 responden (13,33%) perguruan tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 186, "width": 424, "height": 390, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pekerjaan 56,66% 40% 3,33% >35 tahun 31-15 tahun 26-30 tahun 33,33% 16,67% 36,67% 13,33% SD SMP SMA PT", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nining Istighosah : Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Remaja Di Desa Jatilengger Rt 04/ Rw 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 758, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 6, No. 1 April 2018 | 32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 82, "width": 455, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan diagram 4 responden ( 6,66%) bekerja sebagai tani, 24 responden (80%) bekerja sebagai wiraswasta, dan 4 responden (13,33%) bekerja sebagai PNS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 351, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Informasi yang Diperoleh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 222, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar diketahui sebanyak 11 responden (36,66%) pernah memperoleh informasi tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja dan 19 responden (63,33%) tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 302, "width": 221, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pernah memperoleh informasi tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 358, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan sumber informasi yang Diterima", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 222, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dilihat dari gambar IV.7 dari 30 responden diketahui sebanyak 9 responden (81,82%) pernah memperoleh informasi tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja dari televisi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 508, "width": 221, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diketahui sebanyak 2 responden (18,18%) memperoleh informasi dari surat kabar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Komponen Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Remaja Di Desa Jatilengger RT04/RW02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 618, "width": 372, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Kriteria sikap Komponen Sikap Kognitif % Afektif % Konatif % 1 Positif 24 80% 15 50% 11 36,66% 2 Negatif 6 20% 15 50% 19 63,33% Total 30 100% 46 100% 46 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 199, "width": 37, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36,66%", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 174, "top": 213, "width": 282, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63,33% pernah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 420, "top": 231, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ti dakpernah", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 511, "top": 38, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33 | Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 222, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas menunjukan bahwa, komponen sikap kognitif dari 30 responden diketahui sebanyak 24 responden 80% menanggapi pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan perilaku positif dan6 responden 20% menanggapi pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan perilaku negatif, komponen sikap afektif dari 30 responden diketahui sebanyak 15 responden 50% menghadapi pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 89, "width": 222, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seks pada remaja dengan sikap positif dan 15 responden 50% menghadapi pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan sikap negatif dan sikap konatif dari 30 responden diketahui sebanyak 11 responden 36,66% menanggapi pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan perilaku positif dan 19 responden 63,33% menanggapi pendidikan seks pada remaja dengan perilaku negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 214, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 236, "width": 222, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari segi komponene sikap kognitif orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja di Desa Jatilengger Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar dengan sikap positif sebanyak 24 responden (80%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari segi komponen kognitif pembentukan sikap, sikap seseorang dipengaruhi olehhal yang berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, pandangan, keyakinan, yaitu hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan bagaimana orang mempersepsikan terhadap sikap.(Wawan, 2010 : 32).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 222, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan atau pandangan seseorang disini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya media masa atau sumber informasi dan pengalaman pribadi juga dapat mempengaruhi sikap. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 11 responden 36,66 % orang tua pernah mendapat informasi tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja dan 19 responden 63,33% orang tua belum pernah mendapat informasi tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja. Hal itu sesuai dengan teori yang dikemukakan Azwar bahwa media masa mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam pembentukan opini dan kepercayaan orang. Meskipun pengaruh media masa tidak sebesar pengaruh interaksi individual secara langsung namun dalam proses pembentukan dan perubahan sikap, peranan media masa tidakkecil artinya (Azwar, 2011: 34). Informasi yang diperoleh mempengaruhi pemikiran individu dalam menentukan sikap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 236, "width": 222, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi yang kurang pada individu dapat mempengaruhi sikap dari pada individu itu sendiri. Dari 11 responden 36,66% yang sudah pernah memperoleh informasi mengenai pendidikan seks pada remaja 9 responden 81,82% memperoleh informasi dari televisi, 2 responden 18,18% memperoleh informasi dari surat kabar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 346, "width": 222, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedikitnya sumber informasi akan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sikap seseorang, semakin banyak media masa yang disediakan dan informasi yang diperoleh maka semakin banyak pula seseorang itu dan mengerti, sehingga semakin banyak informasi akan mempengaruhi sikap seseorang, akan tetapi ketersediaan media masa tanpa didukung kehendak dan kemauan seseorang juga belum bisa menjamin baiknya sikap seseorang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 498, "width": 222, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Orang tua yang memperoleh informasi mengenai pendidikan seks pada remaja akan cenderung bersikap positif. Hal ini karena para orang tua menjadi lebih memahami tentang hakikat dan tujuan pendidikan seks yang diberikan pada remaja tersebut. Maka dari itu perlu adanya sumber-sumber informasi yang memadai mengenai pendidikan seks pada remaja, baik melalui lembaga pendidikan, atau lembaga-lembaga terkait lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 650, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Sikap Negatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 664, "width": 222, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap negatif orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja di Desa Jatilengger RT04/RW02 Kecamatan Ponggok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nining Istighosah : Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Remaja Di Desa Jatilengger Rt 04/ Rw 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 758, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 6, No. 1 April 2018 | 34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 82, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Blitar dilihat dari komponen kognitif sebanyak 6 responden (20%). Dari komponen kognitif pembentukan sikap, sikap dipengaruhi oleh representasi apa yang dipercayai atau diketahui oleh individu pemilik sikap,berkaitan dengan pengetahuan, pandangan, keyakinan, yaitu hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan bagaimana orang mempersepsikan terhadap sikap. (Wawan, 2010 : 32)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 220, "width": 222, "height": 245, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan10 responden (33,33 %) berpendidikan SD, 5 responden (16,67%) berpendidikan SMP, 11 responden (36,67%) berpendidikan SMA, dan 4 responden (13,33%) perguruan tinggi. Hal ini sesuai teori yang dikemukakan Sobur bahwa keteraturan dari berbagai informasi yang harus kita asimilasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, dikatakan memiliki fungsi pengetahuan.Sikap tersebut adalah skema penting yang memungkinkan kita mengorganisasi dan mengolah berbagai informasi secara efisien tanpa harus memperhatikan detailnya (Sobur, 2011: 370).Tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh dalam mengolah dan mencerna informasi-informasi yang diperoleh sehingga sikap yang ditimbulkan bervariasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 222, "height": 273, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan tingkat pendidikan yang rendah maka pengetahuan terhadap objek tertentu juga rendah. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan sikap seseorang terhadap suatu objek tersebut. Orang tua yang mempunyai pengetahuan yang kurang tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja akan cenderung bersikap negatif. Mereka mungkin menganggap pendidikan seks yang diberikan pada remaja suatu hal yang tidak perlu atau tabu untuk dibicarakan. Kemudian banyaknya orang tua yang berpendidikan rendah ini perlu diberikan informasi yang mudah dimengerti tentang pentingnya pendidikan seks pada remaja misalnya melalui perkumpulan RT/RW maupun sosialisasi dari dinas pendidikan ataupun dinas terkait lainnya agar para orang tua dapat merubah pandangan maupun sikapnya tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 82, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Komponen Afektif Sikap", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 95, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Sikap Positif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 109, "width": 222, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apabila dilihat dari komponen afektif pembentukan sikap, sikap positif orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja sebanyak 15 responden (50%). Dari segi afektif sikap seseorang ini terbentuk dari perasaan individu terhadap objek sikap dan menyangkut masalah emosi. Aspek emosional inilah yang biasanya berakar paling dalam sebagai komponen sikap dan merupakan aspek yang paling bertahan terhadap pengaruh-pengaruh yang mungkin akan mengubah sikap seseorang. Komponen afektif menyangkut masalah emosional subjektif seseorang terhadap suatu objek sikap.Secara umum komponen ini disamakan dengan perasaan yang dimiliki terhadap sesuatu.(Wawan, 2010 : 32)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 344, "width": 222, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perasaan senang atau tidak senang pada sesuatu dapat dipengaruhi oleh interaksi sosial yang dialami oleh individu juga dapat mempengaruhi sikap individu. Interaksi sosial bisa berbentuk di dalam atau diluar rumah. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa 18 responden 60% orang tua mempunyai kebiasaan sehari-hari di rumah, dan 12 responden 40% orang tua mempunyai kebiasaan sehari-hari diluar rumah. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang dikemukakan Azwar, bahwa sikap sosial terbentuk dari adanya interaksi sosial yang di alami oleh individu (Azwar, 2011: 30). Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri, karena itu sosialisasi dan komunikasi dengan lingkungan sekitar perlu dijaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 578, "width": 222, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apabila orang tua ada pada lingkungan yang kondusif, mereka akan memperoleh sifat- sifat positif yang mengembangkan nilai-nilai insaninya. Karena lingkungan yang kodusif bisa menyebabkan interaksi yang kondusif. Interaksi yang kondusif ini yang dapat membentuk kepribadian seseorang yang tampak dari cara bicara, berfikir maupun cara pandangnya terhadap sesuatu, tentunya pandangannya yang positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 716, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu interaksi sosial yang positif yang dilakukan orang tua baik dari aktifitasnya yang dilakukan di dalam rumah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 511, "top": 38, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35 | Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 222, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ataupun di luar rumah perlu di pertahankan atau dijaga agar dapat membentuk sikap atau pandangan yang positif terhadap objek tertentu khususnya tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap Negatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 172, "width": 222, "height": 232, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari segi komponen afektif pembentukan sikap,sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja sebanyak 15 responden (50%). Dari segi afektif sikap seseorang dipengaruhi oleh perasaan individu terhadap objek sikap dan menyangkut masalah emosi. Aspek emosional inilah yang biasanya berakar paling dalam sebagai komponen sikap dan merupakan aspek yang paling bertahan terhadap pengaruh-pengaruh yang mungkin akan mengubah sikap seseorang. Komponen afektif menyangkut masalah emosional subjektif seseorang terhadap suatu objek sikap.Komponen ini yang berhubungan dengan rasa senang atau tidak senang terhadap objek sikap. (Wawan, 2010 : 32).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 222, "height": 300, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasa senang atau tidak senang dapat dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman pribadi cenderung membentuk sikap negatif terhadap sesuatu. Pengalaman ini diaplikasikan ke sikap tanpa dimusyawarahkan, tanpa meminta pendapat orang lain. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui sebanyak 30 responden (100%) memiliki status menikah. Jadi tidak terdapat responden yang berstatus janda/duda. Sikap negatif ini tumbuh karena mempunyai beragam pengalaman, baik itu pahit maupun manis dari orang terdekat orang tua yaitu suami atau istrinya. Hal ini sesuai yang dikemukakan oleh Azwar, bahwa individu cenderung untuk memiliki sikap yang konfornis, terhadap orang yang dianggapnya penting domotifasi oleh keinginan untuk berafiliasi atau beranggota dan keinginan itu untuk menghindari konflik dengan orang yang dianggap penting tersebut (Azwar, 2011: 32). Individu yang dianggap penting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 89, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan orang terdekat dan paling sering berinteraksi dengan respomden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 117, "width": 222, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Orang yang terdekat dengan orang tua atau orang yang dianggap penting dapat mempengaruhi pengambilan sikap seseorang. Apabila orang yang terdekat tersebut tidak memberi dukungan atau bersikap negatif terhadap objek tertentu maka berpengaruh besar pada pengambilan sikap seseorang tersebut, karena pada umumnya individu cenderung untuk memiliki sikap yang searah dengan orang yang dianggap penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 269, "width": 222, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu orang terdekat dari orang tua perlu memberikan dukungan atau memberikan pandangan yang positif terhadap pendidikan seks pada remaja ini, hal ini karena mereka memiliki peran yang besar dalam pembentukkan sikap orang tua tersebut. Dengan dukungan yang positif atau sikap yang positif tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja dari orang terdekat maka orang tua akan bersikap searah atau positif pula. Berdasarkan Komponen Konatif Sikap a. Sikap Positif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 434, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dilihat dari komponen konatif pembentukan sikap positif orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja sebanyak 11 responden (36,66%). Dari segi konatif menunjukkan bagaimana prilaku atau kecenderungan berprilaku yang ada didalam diri seseorang berkaitan dengan objek sikap yang dihadapinya. Komponen ini berhubungan dengan kecenderungan bertindak terhadap objek sikap. (Wawan, 2010 : 32).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 572, "width": 222, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecenderungan bertindak terhadap sesuatu objek ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh umur atau kedewasaan seseorang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 30 responden di atas terlihat bahwa 17 responden (56,66%) berusia >35tahun, 12 responden (40%) berusia diantara 31-35 tahun, dan 1 responden (3,33%) berusia diantara 26- 30tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 696, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Soemarmi, 2006), semakin tua usia individu semakin meningkat pula", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nining Istighosah : Sikap Orang Tua Tentang Pendidikan Seks Pada Remaja Di Desa Jatilengger Rt 04/ Rw 02 Kecamatan Ponggok Kabupaten Blitar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 758, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 6, No. 1 April 2018 | 36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 82, "width": 222, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kematangan berbagai fungsi fisiologi. Dengan bertambahnya umur maka pertumbuhan seseorang akan berlangsung terus meneruskepada tingkat kematangan tertentu pada fungsi-fungsi jansmani. Semakin cukup umur tingkat kematangan kekuatan seseorang akan lebih matang dalam berfikir dan bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 192, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semakin dewasa seseorang maka semakin banyak pengalaman-pengalaman hidup yang telah di dapat yang kemudian tertanam nilai- nilai pada dirinya, dan kemudian dapat mempengaruhi seseorang dalam pengambilan sikap atau perilaku pada objek tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 289, "width": 222, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan kedewasaan orang tua diharapkan semakin terbukanya wawasan dan pengetahuan terhadap objek tertentu. Dan orang tua juga diharapkan semakin mampu menilai atau memberikan pandangan yang positif tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja ini. Selanjutnya dengan pandangan yang positif tersebut kemudian dapat merubah sikap orang tua yang negatif menjadi bersikap positif tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap Negatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dilihat dari komponen konatif pembentukan sikap, sikap negatif orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja sebanyak 19 responden (63,33%). Dari segi konatif sikap dipengaruhi oleh hal berhubungan dengan kecenderungan bertindak terhadap objek sikap. (Wawan, 2010 : 32).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 82, "width": 222, "height": 176, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pribadi yang cenderung acuh atau sibuk dalam kehidupan sehari-hari secara tidak langsung mempengaruhi pembentukan sikapnya. Disini orang tua yang terfokus dengan urusan pekerjaannya sehingga mereka tidak mempunyai waktu untuk memperhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang dialami remaja. Dengan situasi seperti ini orang tua akan cenderung membentuk sikap negatif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 30 responden 2 responden 6,66% bekerja sebagai petani, 24 responden bekerja wiraswasata, 4 responden PNS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 261, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesibukan orang tua inilah yang dapat membentuk sikap negatif, karena dengan kesibukannya orang tua cenderung bersikap acuh dan tidak memperhatikan perubahan- perubahan yang terjadi di sekitarnya khususnya perubahan pada pergaulan para remaja pada saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 358, "width": 222, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu perlu meningkatkan sosialisasi tentang pendidikan terhadap orang tua melalui kelompok belajar, perkumpulan RT/RW, kelurahan. Agar para orang tua dapat lebih memahami tentang pendidikan seks remaja. Dan supaya para orang tua dapat merubah pandangan dan sikapnya tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja. Kemudian dengan perluasan informasi pada institusi terkait seperti Dikbud, Diknas, KUA dan instansi kesehatan untuk penyebarluasan pendidikan seks remaja pada orang tua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 574, "width": 222, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari berbagai komponen sikap didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah positif sebanyak 14 responden (46,66%). Dari berbagai komponen sikap didapatkan bahwasanya sikap orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja adalah negatif 16 sebanyak responden (53,33%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 573, "width": 221, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya anggapan tabu pada beberapa orang tua tentang pendidikan seks pada remaja perlu mendapatkan perhatian dari petugas kesehatan mengenai pemberian informasi mengenai kesehatan reproduksi dan pendidikan seks dengan pendekatan sesuai tahap perkembangan remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 520, "top": 38, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 737, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37 | Jurnal Kebidanan Dharma Husada Vol. 7, No. 1 April 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 223, "height": 158, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Azwar, Syaifudin. 2009. Sikap Manusia dan Teori Pengukurannya . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Hidayat, A. Aziz Alimul. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kebidanan & Teknik Analisis Data. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Maryam, Siti. 2012. Peran Bidan yang Kompeten Terhadap Suksesnya MDG’s. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Notoadmodjo, Soekidjo. 2010. Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Notoadmodjo, Soekidjo. 2011. Kesehatan Masyarakat Ilmu dan Seni . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Nawita, Muslik. 2013. Bagaimana Menjelaskan Seks pada Anak. Bandung: Yrama Widya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 89, "width": 222, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nursalam. 2003. Konsep dan Penerapan Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 123, "width": 222, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "__________. 2011. Konsep dan Penerapan Metodologi Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Suherman, A. Sherly. 2013. Edukasi Seks untuk Remaja. Bandung: Yrama Widya. Sunaryo. 2004. Psikoogi Untuk Keperawatan. Jakarta: EGC.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 204, "width": 222, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmadi, Abu. 2008. Psikologi Sosial . Jakarta : PT. Rineka Cipta Wawan, Dewi. 2010. Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Manusia. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika. Admin. (2009). Pendidikan Seks pada Remaja. Available from : http://www.inimedanbung.com", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 75, "top": 55, "width": 449, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KINERJA PASAR MODAL NEGARA – NEGARA BERKEMBANG DI ASIA PASIFIK SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 106, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belliwati Kosim 1 , Sri Rizki Maulani 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 121, "width": 234, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Indonesia [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 182, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Info Artikel :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 81, "top": 197, "width": 101, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima 30 Maret 2021 Direview 14 April 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 224, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disetujui 7 Mei 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 168, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 197, "width": 276, "height": 106, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purpose – The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any differences in capital market performance in developing countries in Asia Pasific before and during the covid 19 pandemic Design/methodology –The research design used in this study is a quantitative method with a descriptive and comparative research method, namely to determine whether to know the effect between two or more variables. The data analysis methods used to answer the hypothesis used data normality and Paired Sample t Test.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 303, "width": 275, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Findings - Based on the test results (Paired Sample t Test) showed that there were differences in capital market performance in developing countries in Asia Pacific before and during the Covid 19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 251, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 266, "width": 153, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks Saham, Covid 19, Paired Sample t Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 351, "width": 146, "height": 120, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Publishing Institution : Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. Alamat : Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani 13 Ulu Palembang Sumatera Selatan (30263) E-Mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 355, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Access this article online", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 267, "top": 369, "width": 62, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Quick Response Code:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 375, "width": 31, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 359, "top": 390, "width": 140, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jurnal.um-palembang.ac.id/motivasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 416, "width": 119, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 2548-1622 e-ISSN: 2716-4039 Jurnal MOTIVASI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 481, "width": 114, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 498, "width": 194, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan proses kenaikan output yang diukur dengan produk domestik regional bruto.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 542, "width": 194, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertumbuhan ekonomi bertujuan untuk peningkatan ekonomi yang berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 571, "width": 194, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penelitian Darwanto (2007:4) menyatakan bahwa terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Faktor – faktor tersebut antara lain sumber daya alam, tenaga kerja, investasi modal, kewirausahaan, transportasi, komunikasi, komposisi sektor industri, teknologi, pasar ekspor, situasi perekonomian internasional, kapasitas pemerintah daerah, pengeluaran pemerintah dan dukungan pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan suatu ukuran kuantitatif yang menggambarkan perkembangan suatu perekonomian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 473, "width": 194, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "daerah dalam suatu tahun tertentu (Permana dan Rahrdjo, 2013:4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 502, "width": 195, "height": 281, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu cerminan perekonomian suatu negara adalah pasar modal. Pasar modal adalah pertemuan antara pihak yang memiliki kelebihan dana dengan pihak yang membutuhkan dana dengan cara memperjualbelikan sekuritas. Dalam Undang – Undang No. 08 Tahun 1995 tentang pasar modal, mendefinisikan suatu kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan penawaran umum dan perdagangan efek, perushaaan publik yang berkaitan dengan efek yang diterbitkannya, serta lembaga dan profesi yang berkaitan dengan efek. Pasar modal juga dapat didefinisikan sebagai perdagangan instrumen keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 56, "width": 194, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( securitas ) jangka panjang, baik dalam bentuk modal sendiri (stocks), maupun utang (bonds), baik yang diterbitkan oleh pemerintah (public authorities) maupun oleh perusahaan keuangan (financial market ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 151, "width": 194, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasar modal memiliki peranan yang penting terhadap perekonomian suatu negara karena pasar modal menjalankan dua fungsi, yaitu fungsi ekonomi dan fungsi keuangan. Dalam fungsi ekonomi, pasar modal menyediakan fasilitas untuk mempertemukan dua kepentingan, yaitu pihak yang memiliki kelebihan dana (investor) dan pihak yang memerlukan dana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 324, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(emiten) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 343, "width": 194, "height": 417, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja Pasar Modal Indonesia pada tahun 2019 tercatat cukup positif di tengah perkembangan geopolitik dan ekonomi global yang terus bergerak dinamis. Peningkatan jumlah investor dan pertumbuhan industri pasar modal juga menunjukkan kepercayaan investor dan pelaku pasar modal yang begitu besar terhadap fundamental dan prospek ekonomi Indonesia. Catatan positif pasar modal Indonesia naik meski hanya 1,70 sepanjang tahun 2019, negara Pakistan dengan Karachi 100 indeks naik 0,30% disusul CSE All Share naik 0,46% kemudian Dhaka Stock Exchange naik 2,05% serta National Stock Exchange naik 0,85%. Adapun bursa dengan kinerja terbaik di Asia Tenggara di 2019 yaitu indeks VN Vietnam yang melesat naik hingga 8,12% disusul Strait Times Index (STI) serta PSEI Filipina naik 4,68%. Di peringkat kelima setelah IHSG yaitu indeks SETI Thailand", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 56, "width": 194, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "naik 0,99%. Sebaliknya, indeks FTSE BM Malaysia sepanjang tahun 2019 ini terkoreksi hingga 4,43%. Dengan kinerja tersebut, indeks saham negeri Jiran menjadi indeks dengan kinerja terburuk tidak hanya di Asia Tenggara, melainkan di Asia Pasifik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 189, "width": 195, "height": 139, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Virus yang memicu guncangan rantai pasokan di Tiongkok kini telah menyebabkan guncangan ekonomi global. Ekonomi negara berkembang di Asia Timur dan Pasifik, yang sedang memulihkan diri dari ketegangan perdagangan ( trade tension) dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 335, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berjuang terhadap covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 357, "width": 197, "height": 395, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akibatnya, pasar modal Indonesia sepanjang 2020 masih menunjukkan pelemahan. Dari bursa di kawasan Asia pasifik, Indonesia mengalami penurunan indeks harga saham gabungan atau IHSG terbesar kedua di bawah Filipina. IHSG ditutup pada posisi 5.114,71 posisi ini turun 18,81% ytd (21/7). Tertinggi yaitu Filipina (PSEI) yang ditutup di posisi 6.136,31 pada hari yang sama posisi ini turun 21,48% ytd, Pakistan (Karachi 100) turun 1,34% ytd, Bangladesh (Dhaka Stock Exchange) turun 0,17% ytd, India ( National Stock Exchange) turun 0,10% ytd selanjutnya Thailand (SET) turun 12,91% ytd. Vietnam (Vn) yang ditutup turun 1,55%ytd. Sebaliknya dua bursa mengalami penguatan yaitu Malaysia (KLCI) naik 0,51% ytd kemudian Sri Lanka (CSE All Share) naik 0,11% ytd dan yang tertinggi China (Shanghai) naik 8,88%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 56, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 75, "width": 194, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumusan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 190, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 209, "width": 194, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada permasalahan maka tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 316, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. K AJIAN P USTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 333, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Investasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 352, "width": 177, "height": 243, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Investasi pada hakikatnya merupakan sejumlah dana pada saat ini dengan harapan untuk memperoleh keuntungan di masa mendatang. Orang yang melakukan investasi disebut investor.Tujuan dari investasi itu sendiri untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan investor. Kesejahteraan dalam hal ini adalah kesejahteraan moneter yang bisa diukur dengan penjumlahan pendapatan saat ini ditambah nilai saat ini pendapatan masa datang (Tandelilin, 2010:8)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pasar Modal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 630, "width": 177, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum pasar modal merupakan tempat bertemunya penjual dan pembeli untuk melakukan transaksi dalam rangka memperoleh modal. Penjual dalam pasar modal merupakan perusahaan yang membutuhkan modal (emiten) , sehingga mereka berusaha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 56, "width": 177, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk menjual efek – efek di pasar modal, sedangkan pembeli (investor) adalah pihak yang ingin membeli modal di perusahaan yang menurut mereka menguntungkan.Modal yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 151, "width": 177, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diperdagangkan merupakan modal yang bila diukur dari waktunya merupakan modal jangka panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 209, "width": 177, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Undang – Undang Pasar Modal No. 08 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal mendefinisikan pasar modal sebagai “Kegiatan yang bersangkutan dengan penawaran umum dan perdagangan efek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 324, "width": 177, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perusahaan publik yang berkaitan dengan efek yang diterbitkannya serta lembaga dan profesi yang berkaitan dengan efek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 400, "width": 177, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasar modal merupakan pasar untuk instrument keuangan jangka panjang yang bisa diperjualbelikan, baik dalam bentuk utang maupun modal sendiri (Darmadji dan Fakhruddin, 2011:1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 496, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Indeks Saham", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 515, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan suatu investor memilih investasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 534, "width": 184, "height": 224, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam suatu saham, memerlukan data historis terhadap pergerakan saham di bursa. Di dalam transaksi pada bursa terjadi pada setiap saat hingga pergerakan harga pun terjadi dalam tiap waktu. Dari ribuan kejadian dan fakta historis yang terjadi di bursa harus dapat disajikan dengan sistem tertentu hingga menghasilkan suatu informsai yang sederhana. Dengan informasi yang sederhana investor dapat menafsirkan informasi tersebut higga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 198, "height": 225, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat mengambil keputusan investasi terhadap saham. Bentuk informasi yang dipandang sangat tepat untuk menggambarkan pergerakan harga saham dimasa lalu adalah suatu indeks harga saham yang memebrikan deskripsi harga – harga saham pada suatu saat tertentu maupun dalam periode tertentu pula (Sunariyah, 2006:136). 4. Faktor–Faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakan Indeks Harga Saham", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 287, "width": 184, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut pandana (2009) Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakan indeks harga saham adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 344, "width": 185, "height": 224, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Domestik. Faktor domestik yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap indeks saham berupa faktor – faktor fundamental suatu negara seperti inflasi, pendapatan nasional, jumlah uang yang beredar, suku bunga maupun nilai tukar rupiah. Berbagai faktor fundamental tersebut dianggap dapat berpengaruh pada ekspektasi investor yang akhirnya berpengaruh pada pergerakan indeks.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 574, "width": 184, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Asing Faktor asing merupakan salah satu implikasi dari bentuk globalisasi dan semakin terintegrasinya pasar modal di seluruh dunia. Kondisi ini", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 670, "width": 169, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memungkinkan timbulnya pengaruh dari bursa – bursa maju terhadap bursa yang sedang berkembang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 739, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 756, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Desain Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 56, "width": 195, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dan komparatif(Sugiyono, 2017:35-36).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 151, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sumber Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 170, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber data yaitu data sekunder.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 190, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metode Pengumpulan Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 219, "width": 191, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi.Dokumentasi merupakan suatu bentuk pengabadian, arsip ataupun barang – barang peninggalan yang diabadikan (Suharsimi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 314, "width": 190, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arkunto, 2013:266).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 353, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 372, "width": 184, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik untuk melihat kinerja pasar modal negara – negara di Asia Pasifik selama 6 bulan sebelum dan 6 bulan selama pandemi covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 487, "width": 184, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling . Purposive Sampling adalah metode yang digunakan untuk mengambil sampel penelitian didasarkan pada beberapa kriteria tertentu. Sampel yang harus dipilih harus memenuhi kriteria sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 640, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Seluruh Pasar Modal di negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 678, "width": 183, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Negara dengan tingkat pertumbuhan covid 19.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 716, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Penduduk etnis cina di suatu negar. Data diperoleh melalui dokumentasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 56, "width": 169, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan mengakases situs www.wikipedia.com", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 94, "width": 184, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan kriteria tersebut di atas, jumlah pasar modal negara-negara berkembang di kawasan Asia Pasifik sebanyak 16. Sehingga diperoleh sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 10 pasar modal di negara – negara berkembang di kawasan Asia Pasifik dengan indeks saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 248, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Metode Analisis Adapun metode analisis data yang digunakan data penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 306, "width": 130, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Statistik deskriptif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 325, "width": 177, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "adalah untuk menganalisis data yang terkumpul dan dipergunakan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik dari masing-masing variabel yang akan digunakan sebagai bahan analisis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 440, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Statistik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 459, "width": 170, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji statistikyang digunakan dengan tujuan agar penelitian dapat dibuat kesimpulan pengujian hipotesa dengan generalisasi, dan analisis yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 536, "width": 80, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 555, "width": 169, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas Data Pengujian normalitas data untuk mengetahui apakah data berdistribusi normal atau tidak.Uji normalitas data dengan tingkat ketentuan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 683, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Jika nilai signifikansi (Sig.) >", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 146, "top": 702, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,05 maka data penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 146, "top": 721, "width": 95, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 372, "top": 56, "width": 155, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Jika nilai signifikansi (Sig.) < 0,05 maka data penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 390, "top": 94, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak berdistribusi normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 132, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Uji hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 351, "top": 151, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Paired Sample t Test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 170, "width": 176, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Paired Sample T-test merupakan uji parametrik untuk hipotesis sama atau tidak berbeda antara dua variable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 247, "width": 163, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika t hitung > t abel maka H 0 ditolak dan H a diterima, artinya ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemic covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 358, "width": 163, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika t hitung ≤ t tabel maka H 0 diterima dan H a ditolak. Artinya tidak ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandmei covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 446, "width": 177, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS for Windows Versi 16 .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 513, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 529, "width": 206, "height": 242, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Uji Statistik Deskriptif Berdasarkan tabel uji paired samples statistic diperlihatkan ringkasan hasil statistik deskriptif dari kedua sampel yang diteliti yakni sebelum pandemi dan selama pandemi. Untuk kinerja pasar modal yang diukur dengan nilai indeks saham sebelum pandemi covid 19 diperoleh nilai rata – rata atau mean sebesar 14,11712. Sedangkan kinerja pasar modal yang diukur dengan nilai indeks saham selama pandemi covid 19 diperoleh rata – rata atau mean sebesar 13,4861.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 56, "width": 191, "height": 300, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah data indeks saham yang digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian adalah sebanyak 60. Untuk nilai Std. Deviation (standar deviasi) pada sebelum pandemi sebesar 9,38286 dan selama pandemi sebesar 9,01112. Terakhir adalah nilai Std.Error Mean untuk sebelum pandemi sebesar 1,21132 dan untuk selalama pandemi sebesar 1,16333. Karena nilai rata – rata indeks saham sebelum pandemi covid 19 14,11712> selama pandemi13,4861 , maka itu artinya secara deskriptif ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal sebelum pandemi covid 19 dengan hasil rata – rata kinerja pasar modal selama pandemi covid 19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 362, "width": 191, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kinerja pasar modal memiliki kinerja yang baik pada saat sebelum adanya pandemi covid 19 dibandingkan dengan selama adanya pandemi covid 19. Selanjutnya untuk membuktikan apakah perbedaan tersebut benar – benar nyata (signifikan) atau tidak, maka perlu menafsirkan hasil uji paired t test yang terdapat pada tabel output “Paired Samples Test”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 553, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hasil Uji Statistik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 198, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas Data Hasil uji normalitas data dapat dilihat pada tabel One Sample Kolmogorov", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 630, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Smirnov Test berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 649, "width": 138, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji Normalitas Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 671, "width": 173, "height": 96, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Transform_ Sebelum Pandemi Transform _Selama Pandemi N 60 60 Normal Parameters a Mean 14.1172 13.4861 Std. Deviation 9.38286 9.01112 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .162 .175 Positive .162 .175", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 60, "width": 178, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negative -.115 -.119 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z 1.254 1.352 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .086 .052 Sumber: hasil pengolahan data, 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 371, "top": 137, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Uji Normalitas Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 156, "width": 184, "height": 453, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan Software SPSS for windows versi 16 yang telah disajikan pada tabel diatas, diperoleh nilai Sig. untuk variabel kinerja pasar modal yang diukur dengan indeks saham sebelum pandemi covid 19 sebesar 0,086, dan variabel kinerja pasar modal yang diukur dengan indeks saham selama pandemi covid 19 sebesar 0,052. Karena nilai tersebut lebih besar dari 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa nilai kinerja pasar modal yag diukur dengan indeks saham sebelum pandemi dan selama pandemi covid 19 berdistribusi normal. Untuk kinerja pasar modal yang diukur dengan indeks saham sebelum pandemi dan selama pandemi covid 19 memiliki data yang tidak normal. Sehingga datanya perlu ditransformasikan ke Log, Ln, Sqrt sehingga asumsi normalitas terpenuhi dan pengujian hipotesis dilaksanakan dengan analisis statistik parametik yaitu uji Paired Sample t Test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 615, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 635, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Uji Paired Sample t Test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 654, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk Hasil dapat di lihat pada tabel di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 401, "top": 692, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 705, "width": 182, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Uji Paired Sample t Test Paired Differences Mean 63101 Std. Deviation 2.25310 Std. Error Mean .29087", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 59, "width": 173, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "95% Confidence Interval of the Difference .04898 1.21305 t 2.169 Df 59 Sig. (2- tailed .034", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 194, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Output SPSS yang diolah penulis,2021", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 157, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel “ Paired Samples Test”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 177, "width": 184, "height": 166, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan nilai t tabel dengan taraf nyata ( α ) 0,05 (df) = n-1 =( 60 -1) = 59 sebesar 2,00100. Nilai t hitung sebelum dan selama pandemi sebesar 2,169, maka t hitung > t tabel atau nilai Sig. (2- tailed) adalah sebesar 0,034<0,05 maka H o ditolak dan H a diterima maka dapat dikatakan bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 349, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 424, "width": 184, "height": 300, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian yang telah diuraikan di atas, hasil yang diperoleh adalah adanya perbedaan kinerja pasar modal yang signifikan pada negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19. Investor yang hendak melakukan investasi di masa pandemi covid 19 sebaiknya memperhatikan analisis fundamental terhadap saham – saham yang akan dibeli dimana analisis fundamental membuat investor dapat mengetahui prospek perusahaan dan mempredeksi return di masa yang akan datang. Investor yang akan melakukan investasi di masa pandemi covid 19", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 730, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "harus bersikap hati –hati dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 56, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperhitungkan kemungkinan jangka panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 94, "width": 184, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indeks diperlukan sebagai sebuah indikator utama untuk menggambarkan pergerakan harga.Indeks sebagai indikator untuk mengetahui tingkat perkembangan dan penurunan pasar modal, dan sebagai indikator tingkat keuntungan dari saham dan juga sebagai tolak ukur kinerja suatu portofolio investasi.Perhitungan indeks menjelaskan pergerakan harga saham yang terdapat di bursa melalui sistem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 304, "width": 184, "height": 224, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perdagangan.Adanya perubahan modal emiten dan faktor lainnya yang tidak terkait dengan harga saham dapat menyesuaikan nilai dasar secara cepat.Informasi yang relevan dan kondisi pasar modal dapat dijadikan landasan pemain pasar modal untuk mempertimbangkan keputusan.Tetapi tidak semua informasi yang akurat bagi investor, sebagai hasilnya investor harus dengan akurat menilai suatu informasi sebelum membuat keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 534, "width": 184, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kinerja pasar modal yang baik dilihat dari indeks saham di pasar modal sebagai acuan investasi bagi para investor, keberadaa indeks saham sangat membantu para investor untuk menentukan apakah akan menjual, menahan atau membeli suatu atau beberapa saham. Pergerakan indeks saham bersifat sensitive terhadap kondisi perekonomian maupun politik suatu negara.Oleh sebab itu, indeks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 56, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saham juga kerap menjadi cerminan dari kondisi makro ekonomi suatu negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 132, "width": 47, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 198, "height": 255, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji paired t test menunjukkan bahwa t hitung > t tabel atau dengan nilai Sig. (2-tailed) < 0,05 artinya H o ditolak dan H a diterima yang menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan kinerja pasar modal negara – negara berkembang di Asia Pasifik sebelum dan selama pandemi covid 19. Jika dilihat dari nilai rata – rata (mean) dalam uji statistik deskriptif kinerja pasar modal sebelum pandemi covid 19 lebih baik dibandingka dengan kinerja pasar modal selama pandemi19 covid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 33, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 198, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah melakukan pengamatan dan pembahasan peneliti ingin memberikan beberapa saran yang bermanfaat bagi semuanya, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 198, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bagi Akademis Perlu ada analisis yang lebih luas karena masih banyak permasalahan – permasalahan yang terkait dengan pasar modal baik dari sekor perekonomian suatu kawasan yang diukur dengan variabel lainnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 198, "height": 109, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bagi investor Agar dapat mempertimbangkan kembali dalam memutuskan berinevtasi di Pasar Modal Asia Pasifik. Investor sangat disarankan untuk melakukan analisis fundamental dan teknikal terlebih dahulu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 56, "width": 184, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebelum melakukan investasi di Pasar Modal Asia Pasifik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 94, "width": 138, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bagi Perusahaan atau emiten", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 113, "width": 184, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan atau emiten yang terdafaftra di Bursa harus tetap menjaga kestabilan ditengah peristiwa – peristiwa yang melanda yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap pasar modal modal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 209, "width": 184, "height": 148, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan diharapkan memberikan kepastian kinerja kepada investor agar investor lebih percaya akan kinerja yang dilakukan perusahaan ditengah peristiwa – peristiwa yang memberikan dampak negatif seperti peristiwa diberlakukannya lockdown terkait virus corona .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 382, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 402, "width": 213, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Andrea Lidwina (2020) Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara - negara di Asia Melambat. Jurnalisme Data, Diakses 16 Oktober 2020, from http:// katadata.co.id/ariayudhistira/infogr afik/5f066c591f0da/pertumbuhan- ekonomi-negara-negara-di-asia- melambat .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 515, "width": 213, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Ardhani, P & Ardiyanto,M.D (2011) Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum Dan Dana Alokasi Khusus Terhadap Pengalokasian Anggaran, Belanja Modal (Studi Pada Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota Di Jawa Tengah). Journal Of Accounting , 16.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 628, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Darmadji dan Fakhruddin (2011) Pasar Modal Indonesia (Edisi 3). Jakarta : Salemba Empat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 672, "width": 213, "height": 88, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Darwanto & Yulia Yustikasari (2007) Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) terhadap Pengalokasian Anggaran Belanja Modal . Simposium Nasional Akuntansi X.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 781, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MOTIVASI Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis Volume 6 Nomor 1 2021", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 21, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Belliwati Kosim, Sri Rizki Maulani", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 55, "width": 457, "height": 281, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Ihya Ulum Aladin (2019) Naik 1,7% Selama 2019 IHSG Kalah Oleh 3 Bursa Negara Di Asia Tenggara. Finansial, Diakses 16 Oktober 2020, from https://katadata.co.id/happyfajrian/finansi al/5e9a4c3ca5bc3/naik-17-selama-2019- ihsg-kalah-oleh-3-bursa-negara-di-asia- tenggara . 6) Pandana Pasaribu, Wilson RL Tobing dan Haymans Manurung (2009). Pengaruh Variabel Makro Ekonomi Terhadap IHSG. Jurnal keuangan.2008 7) P edoman Usulan Penelitian (2019). Palembang: Lembaga Penerbit Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang. 8) Permana, D.Y., & Rahardjo, S.N. (2013) Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Alokasi Khusus terhadap Pengalokasian Anggaran Belanja Modal (Studi pada Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah) . Journal of Accounting, 2(4): 4.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 129, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9) Sugiyono (2017) Metode Penelitian Pendekatan Kualitatif, Kunatitatif dan R&D. Bandung : Alfabeta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 174, "width": 212, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10) Tandelilin, E. (2010). Portofolio dan Investasi Teori dan Aplikasi . Yogyakarta:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 204, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kanisius.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 208, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 464, "top": 38, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 160, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 49, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "124", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 789, "width": 163, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https:doi.org/10.31763/businta.v5i2.455", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) on twitter data with Indonesia keyword", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Edi Surya Negara 1,* , Dendi Triadi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 327, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a Data Science Interdisciplinary Research Center, Computer Science, Universitas Bina Darma, Palembang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 176, "width": 177, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 [email protected]*; 2 [email protected] * corresponding author", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Social media is one of the factors that causes changes in people's social interactions. From social media, humans get a lot of information because the scope of social media is unlimited. Social media exists in many different forms, including social networks, internet forums, weblogs, social blogs, micro blogging, wikis, podcasts, images, videos, ratings and social bookmarking [1]. Of the many social media Twitter is one of the most popular.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Twitter exists as a means of communication to exchange information about events in the real world, short messages on twitter in general Influence various events experienced by users in real-time [2]. The huge Twitter data can be used as a data source for online news webs. However, with the many topics extracted from Twitter data, the incoming data has a variety of topics which causes difficulties in identifying the topics from the data set taken and will require a lot of time if it has to be done manually by humans. Meanwhile, the data is potentially needed to provide information as quickly as possible [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Summarization is a frequent biomedical text mining activity that heavily relies on information extraction. Summarization is the process of automatically finding the most salient features of one or more papers and representing them in a logical manner. It has recently attracted significant interest as a result of the massive growth of unstructured data in the biomedical arena, such as scholarly papers and clinical data. [4]. A large volume of news stories presents a potential difficulty in the work of automatic classification. The debates over how to classify English news stories have been extensively", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 216, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A CT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 266, "width": 45, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 276, "width": 73, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received August 4, 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 286, "width": 81, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revised August 20, 2021 Accepted September 2, 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 252, "width": 323, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Digital transformation causes an increase in the volume of information in the form of text such as news. On social media, a lot of news is uploaded in such a fast time and one of them is Twitter. Twitter is a social media service that has served many users, making it one of the social media that has very large data. From this very large data, it can be used as a news source for online news web. However, with the many topics extracted from Twitter data, the incoming data has a variety of topics which causes difficulties in identifying the topics from the data set taken and will require a lot of time if it has to be done manually by humans. Meanwhile, the data is potentially needed to provide information as quickly as possible. This study aims to classify topics on data taken from Twitter automatically so that it can make a classification on the news taken, can be more effective and efficient and does not take as much time as done manually by humans. The research was conducted using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method. News documents that will be classified are Indonesian news documents and will be classified into topics to be determined. The results of the research using topic modeling using the LDA method concluded that the number of topics formed from 9094 tweet data was 10 topics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 438, "width": 203, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC – BY-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 320, "width": 40, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords Classification Text Mining", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 350, "width": 51, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "News Documents", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 90, "top": 360, "width": 84, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Natural Language Processing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 198, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "125", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 442, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "examined. This differs from the automatic categorisation of Indonesian news articles. The implemented classification method is confined to classical methods such as Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machine. Both techniques are rigorous in their classification of documents into a single topic. As a result, we employ one of the Topic Modeling techniques, in which a document is represented as a distribution of topics, each of which is represented by a set of words. Latent Dirichlet Allocation is the technique used. The experimental investigation is conducted using a 10-fold cross validation technique and numerous parameters, including the number of subjects (5, 10, and 15) and both LDA hyperparameters (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1). The result indicates that the best overall accuracy is approximately 70% when categorizing documents of Indonesian news stories into five categories, including economic, tourist, criminal, sport, and politics. [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 199, "width": 442, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Classification using independent variables has been widely implemented using the Naive Bayes method and the results depend on the features used, and do not apply if the conditional probability is zero. while classification using the SVM method there are many texts that cannot be classified correctly due to high dimensional characteristics, still rigid and performance depending on the selection of kernel functions causing data sparseness problems [6].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This article presents text classification with a topic modeling approach with the aim of classifying news topics for online news webs using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method. The news texts that will be used in this study include the results of crawling Twitter data using the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by Twitter to produce text data sets based on updates uploaded by Twitter users. The crawling process is successful on Twitter data using the Application Programming Interface and has produced informative data through the Crawling process [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method has been carried out by several previous researchers. But this article presents topic modeling using the keyword \"Indonesia\" by crawling the data create_at, id, id_str, text, entity, metadata, source, user, geo, coordinates, retweet which will be used for online news web development with the topic of information modeling, sentiment analysis and geolocation graph mapping.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Literature Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1. Social Media", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Social media is a type of media that is comprised of three components: an information infrastructure and tools for producing and disseminating media content; and Individuals, organizations, and industries make and consume media information in digital form in the form of personal communications, news, ideas, and cultural items. [8]. Social media and other online media are a place for information and a place for disseminating information that can be accessed for anyone who wants to find information easily through the internet, either through smartphones or with computers/laptops. Social media is defined as an online information technology tool that enables users to connect easily via the internet in the form of text messages, audio, video, and photographs [9].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2. Twitter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 575, "width": 442, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Twitter is an online social networking and microblogging website that enables users to send and read text-based messages of up to 140 characters, which was raised to 280 characters on November 7, 2017 and is referred to as tweets. Jack Dorsey founded Twitter in March 2006, and the social networking platform launched in July. Since its inception, Twitter has grown to become one of the top ten most visited websites on the Internet and has been termed the \"internet's short message service.\" Since its inception in 2006, Twitter has grown to be one of the most popular social media platforms on the planet. Indonesia has been a Twitter user since the service's launch and is one of the most productive users. Indonesia has approximately 29 million Twitter users. In 2014, Indonesia was rated sixth in terms of the number of tweets. Numerous pieces of information can be gleaned from the social media platform Twitter, which is becoming increasingly popular. It is used for a variety of purposes, including public, government, and business purposes. Twitter users share a range of different types of tweets. Users can express their opinions on shared tweets. The term \"topic\" refers to the substance of numerous tweets that cover the same subject. By running topic analysis on these tweets, you may determine the primary themes being discussed by people at the moment [10].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "126", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 464, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3. Topic Modelling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The notion of topic modeling is made up of three entities: \"word,\" \"document,\" and \"corpora.\" The term \"word\" refers to the fundamental unit of discrete data in a text, which is defined as a piece of vocabulary that is indexed for each unique word in the document. The term \"Document\" refers to an array of N words. Corpora is the plural version of corpus, which is a collection of M documents. While \"subject\" refers to the distribution of a specific vocabulary word. To put it simply, each document in the corpus contains a unique fraction of topics mentioned based on the words included within [11]. The basic idea of Topic Modeling is a topic consisting of words certain words that make up the topic, in a document may be composed of several topics and probabilities. While human thought documents are something that can be observed but topics, topic distribution per document, and labeling on each topic are hidden structures, therefore topic modeling helps to find topics and words contained in the document [12]. The concept of topic modeling is aimed at right in Fig. 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 386, "width": 130, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 1. Topic Modeling Concept", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 152, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4. Latent Dirichlet Allocation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 442, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a topic modeling and analysis method that is currently in great demand. In analyzing large documents, LDA is present as one of the methods that can be used. One of the functions of LDA is that it can be used to summarize, cluster, and connect or process large data, this is because LDA can produce a list of topics that are weighted in each document [13]. LDA is an analysis method on very large documents. LDA can be used to summarize, cluster, connect or process very large data because LDA produces a list of topics that are weighted for each document [13]. The Dirichlet distribution is used to obtain the topic distribution for each text, and the LDA generating process uses the Dirichlet results as a proposal for allocating words in the document to different subjects. However, from a human perspective, documents are visible elements, whereas topics, their distribution within documents, and the classification of words inside topics are hidden structures; thus, this approach is named Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) [11]. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a method in topic modeling that provides flexibility in organizing, understanding, searching and summarizing electronic archives that have proven to be successfully implemented quite well in the text field and information retrieval. Blei represents the LDA method as a probabilistic model visually as shown in Fig. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method used in this study is to use a Text Mining approach with the main objective of classifying text based on modeling topics. Iteratively, the research steps are arranged based on the framework shown in the sub-chapter of the research stages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In summary, the development of the topic modeling method began with the creation of the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) algorithm, which attempted to address issues with the tf-idf scheme's dimension reduction. Then, the LSI method was developed utilizing the maximum likelihood or Bayesian approach, dubbed the Probabilistic LSI (PLSI) method, which incorporates the concept of probability [14]. Although the PLSI method can be useful for probabilistic modeling of topics, it does not fully produce probabilistic models at the document level. To solve this problem, the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method emerged [11]. While the LDA method can perform effectively at the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 198, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "127", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 73, "width": 442, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "document level for documents that contain a large number of subjects, it cannot be used optimally for topic modeling in datasets that contain compact language, such as the twitter dataset. To accomplish this, we require the appropriate method for modeling topics on a small dataset, which is why LDA was developed into twitter-LDA for the purpose of modeling topics on the twitter dataset [15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 296, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 2. Topic modeling visualization with LDA method [11].", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1. Research Stages", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was conducted by following the main framework of Text Mining which is divided into four stages. The framework is shown in Fig. 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 536, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 3. Research stages", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Fig. 3 it is explained that the research was carried out by preparing the data in advance, if the data has been prepared it will proceed to the topic modeling stage with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method, after the data is processed with this method, it will proceed to visualization to display the results of the data that has been processed. If the visualization has been completed, the data obtained will enter the results and discussion stage [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 259, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Modeling Topics with Latent Dirichlet Allocation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At the Stages, the modeling topic with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) consists of several stages, namely: Document, Pre-Processing, Modeling Topic, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Output Document, these stages are shown in Fig. 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In general, the classification of text based on modeling topics using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm is carried out using five main stages. The first stage is to prepare a document or dataset that has followed the format in data processing. The second stage is pre-processing, where at this stage the data is cleaned. The third stage is modeling with the aim of classifying text by preparing training data as the main model for topic classification. The fourth stage is to run the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm to calculate and execute the test data that has been prepared. The fifth stage is the result or output of the resulting modeling topic [17].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "128", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 464, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 166, "top": 317, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 4. Modeling Topic Stage with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Corpus Pre-Processing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In conducting modeling topics with LDA, steps are needed to prepare the data so that it can be processed at the next stage, this stage is called the corpus pre-processing stage [18]. The sub-activities of the corpus preprocessing stage are shown in the Fig. 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 589, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 5. Sub-activity of the corpus pre-processing stage [19]", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 442, "height": 118, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The inputted document will be formed into a lovercase with the intention that the same word but different in capitals and not, is considered the same word. Furthermore, the Takenization process is the process of separating the data in the sentence into single word pieces or termed words. Stopwords are common words that have no meaning and usually occur in large numbers [20]. Given the high frequency of occurrence of stopwords in a document, making the step of eliminating stopwords is very important, because it will make the topic not interpreted properly. In the stemming process it is used to change the form of a word into the root word of the word. The stemming process will eliminate all affixes, which consist of prefixes, insertions, suffixes and combinations of prefixes and suffixes on derived words, because text data needs to be formed into basic words so that there are no words that are the same but different because of affixes [21].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 198, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "129", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4. Modeling Topics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Latent Dirichlet Allocation stage aims to ensure that the topic model generated from the topic modeling results carried out on the document is correct, both in the form of topics and words in the topic. In the Topic Model Validation stage, the topic's level of truth is adjusted according to the Perplexit method and based on the level of coherence [22]. Here is how the LDA algorithm works, which will be shown in the (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 153, "width": 423, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃(𝑊, 𝑍, ∅, 𝜑; 𝛼, 𝛽) = ∏ 𝑝(𝜑 𝑖 ; 𝛽) ∏ 𝑃(∅ 𝑗 ; 𝛼) ∏ 𝑃 (𝑍 𝑗,𝑡 |∅ 𝑗 )𝑃(𝑊 𝑗,𝑡 |𝜑𝑍 𝑗,𝑡 ) 𝑁 𝑡=1 𝑀 𝑗=1 𝐾 𝐼=1 (1) Note:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 217, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M : Shows the number of documents", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 235, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N : The number of words in a particular document (document i N_words)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 252, "width": 308, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Α : Dirichlet prior parameter on the topic distribution per document", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 271, "width": 284, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Β : Dirichlet prior parameter in the word-by-topic distribution", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 291, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∅ i : Topic distribution for document i", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 309, "width": 172, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "φ k : Word distribution for the topic k", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 330, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "z ij : Topic for the jth word in document i", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 348, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "w ij : Specific word.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 442, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this section, we will discuss the results of the Twitter text mining trial for Topic classification on the online news web with a text mining approach using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The trial was carried out with the aim of facilitating decision making in choosing topics to be made for news on the online news web [23].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1. Implementation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 442, "height": 119, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In conducting this research, it has been carried out in several stages, the first stage is Crawling Twitter data. At this stage the crawling of twitter data is carried out with the keyword \"Indonesia\" as the hashtag. Then the results of the crawl are changed from json to csv format before going to the next stage. The next stage is topic modeling with the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method, at this stage it will be managed through the Text preprocessing process, where there will be two actions to be taken, namely Lowercase and Tokenizing before finally arriving at the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) stage. From the results of the implementation of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) stage, it will be visualized in the form of a word cloud to make it easier to understand. With visualization, it is hoped that it will make it easier for decision makers what topic to take in making news on the online news web [24].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2. Crawling Implementation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 442, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This twitter data crawl uses the twitter search API as the processed source text. In the process of crawling data using the python programming language. How to use it is to run the source code that has been prepared. In the management it takes a Consumer key, consumer secret as authentication to access steam twitter that has been provided by the search API [25]. In downloading tweets, the keyword \"Indonesia\" is written in the source code. After running it will download tweet data and then save it in json form and change it into csv form to continue to the next process. From the process carried out when the source code is finished, the data obtained is complete information containing information about the text of the tweet itself in the form of created_at, id, id_str, text, entities, metadata, source, user, geo, coordinates, retweeted, and others concerned. with full profile of wteet author or twitter user and saved in json form. Fig. 6 shows the small description of 9094 twitter data in json form obtained.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "130", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 464, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 233, "top": 262, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 6. Crawling results in json form", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3. Implementation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage the topic modeling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation is the stage where the Latent Dirichlet Allocaion process is called. This process is unsupervised learning where machine learning looks for previously undetected patterns in a data set without pre-existing labels and with minimal human supervision. So that the results of this method will be taken by the researcher through the results of the LDA and it is concluded that the topic belongs to a certain category. Topics that will be formed from the processed documents are ten topics. To get maximum results, the document will be trained with vector data that has been previously input. Fig. 7 presents the result of the topic call source code.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 622, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 7. Results of topic calling", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 643, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4. Visualization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 442, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At the visualization stage, it will be done using wordcloud. Wordcloud are words that exist, depicted in a visualization where the size of the letters depends on the frequency with which the word appears in the text. From the results of the previous process will be directly displayed by means of wordcloud. The results of the visualization can be seen in Fig. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 40, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2614-0047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 40, "width": 198, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Social Informatics Theory and Application", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 39, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "131", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 51, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 5, No. 2, September 2021, pp. 124-132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 789, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara & Triadi (Topic modeling using latent dirichlet allocation)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 248, "top": 288, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fig. 8. Display of wordcloud", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After doing the analysis and testing that was done previously, the resulting data shows that Latent Dirichlet Allocation can be used for text mining. The data generated from the twitter API crawling process is 9094 documents. From the 9094 document data produced, it was cleaned using text processing and generated tweet data from 9094 to 2909 and resulted in 10 main topics. From the process of this medeling topic, it can be concluded that Latent Dirichlet Allocation can be used for text mining.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 264, "top": 415, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Acknowledgment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 441, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We thank the Data Science Interdisciplinary Research Center Universitas Bina Darma for providing laboratory facilities in conducting this research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 464, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] A. M. Kaplan and M. Haenlein, “Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media,” Bus. 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[ { "left": 113, "top": 39, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2720-9199 p-ISSN 2541-0148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 793, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "76 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 245, "top": 91, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 138, "top": 151, "width": 351, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 210, "top": 193, "width": 224, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hanafi Ashad 1 , Sudarman Supardi 2 , Anwar Mappiasse 3 , A. Muh Ikram Zhahir 4 , Diaz Prabowo Surya 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 228, "width": 213, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3,4,5) Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Muslim Indonesia Jl. Urip SumoharjoKM 05 Makassar, 90231, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 249, "width": 332, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email : [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 284, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 399, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemakain batu bara di Indonesia semakin meningkat mengakitbatkan semakin melimpahnya limbah batu bara berupa fly ash yang tergolong limbah B3 yang jika dimanfaatkan dapat berkontribusi positif terhadap lingkungan. Fly ash memiliki karakteristik pozzolan sehingga jika dilibatkan sebagai material subtituen pada campuran beton disinyalir dapat berefek positif pada kinerja beton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh keberadaan fly ash batu bara sebagai substitusi parsial semen terhadap kuat tekan beton dan juga mengetahui kadar presentase fly ash batu bara yang optimum yang memberikan kuat tekan terbesar pada beton. Metode penelitian berbasis eksperimen di laboratorium meliputi pengujian karakteristik dasar material, mix design, dan pengujian kuat tekan beton. Sampel dibuat berbentuk silinder dengan ukuran 15x30 cm. Variasi kadar substitusi fly ash sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% terhadap jumlah semen. Beton diuji setelah mencapai umur 28 hari. Data yang diperoleh dari pengujian secara sekuensial di laboratorium membuktikan bahwa substitusi fly ash antara 0% sampai dengan 12,49% meningkatkan nilai kuat tekan beton dengan nilai optimal sebesar 35,59Mpa pada kadar 12,49%. Subtitusi fly ash dengan kadar yang melebihi 12,49% berdampak pada penurunan kekuatan beton. Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa pada kadar tertentu, pemanfaatan limbah batubara fly ash bisa meningkatkan nilai kuat tekan beton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 482, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: bahan substitusi parsial semen, beton, limbah batubara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 505, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 528, "width": 385, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The use of coal in Indonesia is increasing, causing the abundance of coal waste that we called fly ash which is classified as B3 waste which, if used, can contribute positively to the environment. Fly ash has pozzolanic characteristics so that if it is involved as a substituent material in the concrete mixture it is alleged that it can have a positive effect on concrete performance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the presence of coal fly ash as a partial substitution of cement on the compressive strength of concrete and also to determine the optimum percentage level of coal fly ash which provides the greatest compressive strength in concrete. Experimental-based research methods in the laboratory include testing the basic characteristics of the material, mix design, and testing the compressive strength of concrete. The sample was made in a cylinder shape with a size of 15x30 cm. Variations in the substitution content of fly ash were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the amount of cement. Concrete is tested after reaching 28 days of age. The data obtained from sequential testing in the laboratory prove that the substitution of fly ash between 0% and 12.49% increases the compressive strength of concrete with an optimal value of 35.59Mpa at a level of 12.49%. Fly ash substitution with a level that exceeds 12.49% has an impact on reducing the strength of the concrete. These results illustrate that at a certain level, the utilization of fly ash coal waste can increase the value of the compressive strength of concrete.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: partial substitution materials for cement, concrete, coal waste", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 339, "top": 793, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOL.5 NO.1, FEBRUARI 2020 77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 305, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan 1.1. Latar belakang Sesuai dengan fenomena yang berkembang, beton masih menjadi material yang dominan digunakan dalam dunia konstruksi. Mulai dari gedung, jalan, jembatan, dan pekerjaan kontruksi lainnya yang memakai beton sebagai bahan dasar dalam pembangunannya. Secara umum, komposisi beton tersusun atas komponen material meliputi air, semen, agregat halus, dan agregat kasar. Namun semakin banyaknya pemakaian beton sehingga biasanya bahan campuran beton dapat kita substitusi atau ditambahkan bahan lain yang dapat memberikan dan mengubah sifat-sifat tertentu pada beton. Penggunaan beton yang semakin meningkat mengakibatkan kebutuhan akan beton dengan kualitas yang baik semakin meningkat. Kualitas beton sebagai salah satu unsur utama dalam segala jenis konstruksi sangat dipengaruhi oleh campuran materialnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 408, "width": 183, "height": 289, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Indonesia, sumber daya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui seperti bahan bakar minyak, gas alam dan batu bara masih menjadi tumpuan utama untuk menyuplai ketersediaan energi listrik penduduk. Semakin meningaktnya hal tersebut membuat makin banyak PLTU mengunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar sehingga menghasilkan limbah yang dapat merusak lingkungan jika tidak termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Sebagai inovasi dalam teknologi beton kita dapat mensubstitusi limbah tersebut dengan semen. Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, PLTU Semen Tonasa menjadi salah satu pembangkit listrik yang juga masih memanfaatkan batu bara untuk dijadikan bahan bakar dalam produksi energi listrik. Dengan aktivitas tersbut, PLTU ini secara kontinu menghasilkan buangan limbah berupa abu terbang berbentuk butiran halus ringan, bundar, serta memiliki sifar pozzolanik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 184, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fly ash jika menjadi bagian dari campuran beton membawa sifat pozzolan yaitu istilah untuk menyatakan material", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 225, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan kandungan silika dan aluminium yang pada temperatur normal akan berinteraksi secara kimiawi dengan kalsium hidroksida dan berubah menjadi senyawa dengan karakteristik cementitious (memiliki sifat mengikat). Karena fly ash dikategorikan limbah buangan B3 yang belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal, pemanfaatan fly ash sebagai bagian dari komposisi beton berefek positif terhadap lingkungan sehingga sejalan dengan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan. Selain itu fly ash lebih ekonomis daripada semen sehingga jika di manfaatkan sebagai mana mestinya kita dapat membuat beton dengan mutu tertentu dengan harga yang lebih murah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 328, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Atas dasar itulah peneliti merasa perlu untuk melakukan kajian pemanfaatan limbah pembakaran batu bara sebagai bahan substitusi parsial semen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 389, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.2. Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 401, "width": 181, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut adalah inti sari dari permasalahan yang telah dipaparkan pada latar belakang:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 439, "width": 181, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Bagaimana pengaruh fly ash batu bara sebagai bahan susbtitusi parsial semen pada campuran beton?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 477, "width": 181, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Seberapa besar presentase fly ash batu bara yang memberikan kuat tekan terbesar pada beton?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 536, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1.3. Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 548, "width": 175, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang ada, tujuan pelaksanaan penelitian ini dirumuskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 597, "width": 181, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh fly ash batu bara sebagai bahan substitusi parsial semen pada campuran beton.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 635, "width": 181, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Untuk mengetahui seberapa besar presentase fly ash batu bara yang memberikan kuat tekan terbesar pada beton.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 699, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 715, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Tijauan Umum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 727, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eksperimen di Laboratorium Struktur dan Bahan Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 793, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "78 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Universitas Muslim Indonesia dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang tekah dirumuskan sebelumnya. Pada sampel berbentuk silinder yang disiapkan dengan mutu beton (f’c=30Mpa) dilakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengujian kuat tekan. Dalam penyiapan benda uji ini, diformulasikan komposisi fly ash dengan variasi kadar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% terhadap berat semen dengan detail sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 161, "width": 389, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 . Jumlah dan kode benda uji No. Variasi fly ash Kode benda uji Umur beton (Hari) Jumlah benda uji Jumlah (Buah) 1 0 % FA – 0% 28 5 30 2 5 % FA – 5% 5 3 10 % FA – 10% 5 4 15 % FA – 15% 5 5 20 % FA – 20% 5 6 25 % FA – 25% 5 2.2 Tahapan Penelitian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 186, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara berurutab mengikuti prosedur berikut: a. Tahap I Persiapan alat dan bahan pengujian Segala peralatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan peralatan yang tersedia di Laboratorium Struktur dan bahan meliputi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 448, "width": 164, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Timbangan Digital • Satu Set Saringan SNI C-136 dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 478, "width": 77, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mesin Penggetar • Oven", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 501, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Cetaakan Silinder (15x30 cm)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 515, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Compression Strenght Machine", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 542, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan Uji:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 551, "width": 164, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Agregat Kasar dan Halus • Semen Portland Composite Cement (PCC) • Air", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 604, "width": 99, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Fly Ash Batu Bara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 633, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Tahap II Pengujian Material", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 646, "width": 164, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa item pengetesan yang menjadi bagian dari ekperimen ini diantaranya:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 681, "width": 164, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Pengujian karakteristik agregat halus dan kasar meliputi pengujian analisa saringan, kadar air, berat volume, berat jenis dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 325, "width": 165, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyerapan, kadar lumpur, kadar organik, dan keausan agregat. • Pengujian terhadap semen portland meliputi berat jenis semen, kehalusan, konsistensi norma, waktu ikat awal dan akhir, dan berat volumen semen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 411, "width": 164, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Penyiapan air sebagai komponen lain dalam capuran beton.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 451, "width": 170, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Tahap III Mix Design (SNI 7656- 2012)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 477, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah-langkah pokok", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 489, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perencanaan metode SNI 7656-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 502, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2012 adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 515, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menetapkan kuat tekan rata-rata beton (f’c)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 540, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menetapkan nilai slump dan ukuran terbesar butir agregat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 565, "width": 162, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menentukan jumlah air yang dibutuhkan menurut ukuran maksimum agregat dan nilai slump 4. Menentukan faktor air semen", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 641, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Tahap IV Trial Mix dan Pencetakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 654, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Benda Uji", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 666, "width": 162, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahapan ini pencampuran antara agregat kasar dan halus, semen, air, dan fly ash dilaksanakan berdasarkan formulasi mix design dengan proporsi masing-masing setelah tercampur secara merata dan nilai slump telah memnuhi standart", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 339, "top": 793, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOL.5 NO.1, FEBRUARI 2020 79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "campuran beton siap ditecak dalam wadah berbentuk silinder.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 184, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Tahap V Perawatan Beton Setelah campuran beton dicetak dan didiamkan kemudian benda uji direndam didalam air untuk melancarkan proses hidrasi begitu pula untuk penyempurnaan prose pengerasan agar neton tidak retak- retak dan mutunya memenuhi standar yang dipersyaratkan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 227, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Tahap VI Pengujian Kuat Tekan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 240, "width": 162, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui kuat tekan beton maka dilakukan pengetesan pada umur 28 hari yaitu dengan mengetes pada pembebanan berapa benda uji runtuh. Berikut adalah formula yang digunakan dalam menghitung tegangan hancur untuk sampel berbentuk silinder:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 214, "top": 366, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "......... (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 128, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dimana: f’c = Kuat Tekan (Mpa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 113, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P = Beban Maksimum (N)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 126, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A = Luas Permukaan Benda Uji (mm 2 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 159, "width": 180, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g. Tahap VII Analisa Data Pada tahapan ini, dibuat rekapitulasi data hasil pengujian untuk selanjutnya dianalisis dalam mengetahui keterkaitan variabel yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 260, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 276, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Hasil Pemeriksaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 291, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan campuran beton terdiri atas material agregat kasar, semen, air, agregat halus, dan fly ash. Sebelum dilakukan perhitungan perbandingan campuran bahan-bahan penyusun beton sesuai dengan mutu beton yang diinginkan, maka terlebih dahulu dilakukan pemeriksaan karakteristik material beton sehingga dapat memenuhi persyaratan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 438, "width": 159, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil pengujian agregat kasar", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 566, "width": 404, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 menunjukkan hasil pengujian karakteristik agregat kasar dimana terlihat bahwa seluruh parameter memenuhi standar yang dipersyaratkan untuk agregat kasar agar dapat digunakan sebagai material penyusun campuran beton. Tabel 3. Hasil pengujian agregat halus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 355, "width": 349, "height": 391, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Karaterisktik Hasil 1 Analisa Saringan 6,970 2 Kadar Air 0,960 % 3 Berat Volume Padat 1,426 kg/ltr 4 Berat Volume Gembur 1,308 kg/ltr 5 Berat Jenis 2,650 6 Penyerapan 1,720 % 7 Kadar Lumpur 0,402 % 8 Keausan Agregat Kasar 28,81 % No Karaterisktik Hasil 1 Analisa Saringan 2,763 2 Kadar Air 1,575 % 3 Berat Volume Padat 1,580 kg/ltr 4 Berat Volume Gembur 1,502 kg/ltr 5 Berat Jenis 2,680 6 Penyerapan 0,806 % 7 Kadar Lumpur 3 % 8 Kadar Organik Warna Bening Kekuningan 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 = P A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 793, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 232, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 3 diketahui bahwa agregat halus yang digunakan dalam pengujian ini memenuhi standar untuk setiap pemeriksaan agregat halus. Pengujian properti ini dilakukan utuk memastikan bahwa material agregat halus yang digunakan mampu berkonstribusi secara optimal dalam meningkatkan kinerja campuran beton. Tabel 4. Hasil pemeriksaan semen No Karaterisktik Hasil 1 Berat Jenis 3,1 2 Konsistensi Normal 25 % 3 Kehalusan #100 7 % Kehalusan #200 9 % 4 Waktu Ikat Awal 90 menit Waktu Ikat Akhir 105 menit 5 Berat Volume Padat 1,237 kg/ltr Berat Volume Gembur 1,130 kg/ltr", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 342, "width": 183, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut tabel 4, semen sebagai salah satu material penyusun campuran beton memeliki karakteristik yang memenuhi standar pengujian. Atas dasar hasil ini diasumsikan bahwa semen yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 342, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digunakan akan menjalankan perannya dalam menghasilkan beton yang kokoh dan tahan lama yang akan dibuktikan dalam pengujian kuat tekan beton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 417, "width": 140, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil pemeriksaan fly ash", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Material lain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fly ash yang merupakan material tambahan yang dimaksudkan untuk memberikan dampak positif terhadap kinerja beton dibandingkan dengan campuran beton konvensional. Tabel 5 menunjukkan persentase senyawa kimia pada fly ash yang memenuhi spesifikasi bahan substitusi pada campuran beton.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 431, "width": 388, "height": 318, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Hasil Mix Design SNI 2012 Perencanaan campuran dalam pembuatan beton dengan bahan tambah fly ash dilakukan setelah semua data pengujian properti setiap material penyusun campuran terbukti memenuhi spesifikasinya masing-masing. Data tersebut selanjutnya diolah dengan metode mix design SNI 2012, sehingga diperoleh komposisi berat material untuk pencampuran beton normal sebagai berikut: No Karaterisktik Hasil (%) 1 Kalsium Oksida (CaO) 27,15 2 Magnesium Oksida (MgO) 9,04 3 4 Silika (SiO 2 ) 32,02 Aluminium Oksida (Al 2 O 3 ) 16,70", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 514, "width": 329, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 6 Ferioksida (Fe 2 O 3 ) 16,28 Alkali (Na 2 O+K 2 O) 0,19 7 Sulfur (SO 3 ) 0,0186 8 Phosfor (P 2 O 5 ) 0,0672", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 339, "top": 793, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOL.5 NO.1, FEBRUARI 2020 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 99, "width": 389, "height": 132, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Komposisi campuran beton untuk setiap 1 m3 beton berdasarkan variasi fly ash Variasi fly ash (%) Agregat kasar (kg) Agregat halus (kg) Fly ash (kg) Semen (kg) Air (kg) 0 908,91 781,10 0 496,11 201,45 5 908,91 781,10 23,455 445,65 201,45 10 908,91 781,10 46,911 422,20 201,45 15 908,91 781,10 70,366 398,74 201,45 20 908,91 781,10 93,822 375,29 201,45 25 908,91 781,10 117,28 351,83 201,45", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 261, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari komposisi campuran beton untuk setiap 1 m 3 , kemudian hasil tersebut diolah kembali untuk mendapatkan perhitungan komposisi untuk proses trial mix dengan benda uji berupa silinder berukuran 30x15 cm. Dengan hasil pada tabel dibawah:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 302, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Kebutuhan material beton untuk trial mix faktor kehilangan 10 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 335, "width": 389, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Bentuk Variasi fly ash (%) Jumlah benda uji Material Semen (kg) Fly ash (%) Agregat kasar (kg) Agregat halus (kg) Air (kg) 1 Silinder (15x30 cm) 0 5 13,761 0 26,489 22,764 5,871 2 5 5 12,988 0,684 26,489 22,764 5,871 3 10 5 12,304 1,367 26,489 22,764 5,871 4 15 5 11,621 2,051 26,489 22,764 5,871 5 20 5 10,937 2,734 26,489 22,764 5,871 6 25 5 10,253 3,418 26,489 22,764 5,871", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 479, "width": 153, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tekan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 493, "width": 400, "height": 184, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat tekan beton yang tersusun oleh komponen fly ash dengan kadar 0%,5%,10% 15%, 20%, dan 25% terhadap jumlah semen. Dengan hasil pada tabel dibawah ini: Tabel 8. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan pada umur beton 28 hari Variasi fly ash (%) Berat benda uji (kg) Beban hancur (KN) Luas benda uji (m 2 ) Nilai slump (mm) Kuat tekan (Mpa) Kuat tekan rata-rata (Mpa) 0 12,195 530 0.01766", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 360, "top": 656, "width": 18, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "75 - 100", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 596, "width": 351, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30,01 31,08 12,229 535 30,29 12,498 560 31,71 12,490 565 31,99 12,346 555 31,42 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 186, "top": 656, "width": 30, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12,697", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 248, "top": 656, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "620", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 412, "top": 656, "width": 25, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35,10", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 139, "top": 668, "width": 354, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33,01 12,496 580 32,84 12,458 555 31,42 12,364 550 31,14 12,538 610 34,54 10 12,615 640 36,23 34,03 12,385 590 33,40 12,595 630 35,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 793, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "82 JURNAL TEKNIK SIPIL - MACCA", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 123, "top": 88, "width": 381, "height": 153, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variasi fly ash (%) Berat benda uji (kg) Beban hancur (KN) Luas benda uji (m 2 ) Nilai slump (mm) Kuat tekan (Mpa) Kuat tekan rata-rata (Mpa) 12,307 585 33,12 12,266 560 31,71 15 12,697 695 39,35 36,29 12,496 615 34,82 12,558 600 33,97 12,364 610 34,54 12,538 685 38,78 20 12,306 630", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 412, "top": 207, "width": 25, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35,67", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 139, "top": 219, "width": 354, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35,05 12,101 600 33,97 12,146 605 34,25 12,287 620 35,10 36,23 12,452 640 25 12,437 500", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 412, "top": 270, "width": 25, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "28,31", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "29,38 12,367 495 28,03 12,461 540 30,57 12,296 550 31,14 12,151 510 28,87 Dari hasil kuat tekan diatas kemudian diplot grakfik yang ditunjukkan pada gambar 1 dengan variasi kadar fly ash sebagai sumbu x dan nilai kuat tekan beton sebagai sumbu y sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan pada grafik berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 190, "top": 584, "width": 251, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 . Grafik hubungan kuat tekan dengan variasi fly ash", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 624, "width": 184, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada grafik, menunjukkan hubungan antara kuat tekan dan persensentase fly ash. Pengaruh fly ash dalam penggunaan beton terhadap kuat tekan beton itu cenderung menunjukkan pengaruh yang bersifat polinominal berderajat 2 atau biasa juga disebut bahwa pengaruhnya bila dinyatakan dalam pernyataan matematis itu pengaruhnya bersifat parabolik. Pada grafik menunjukkan nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 624, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "optimal yang diperoleh sebesar 12,49% yang menghasilkan kekuatan maksimum sebesar 35.59 MPa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 673, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 688, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Kesimpulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 703, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah seluruh tahapan penelitian dilaksanakan maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai jawaban dari tujuan penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 422, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "y = -0,0336x2 + 0,8393x + 30,349", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 360, "top": 436, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "R² = 0,8041", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 414, "width": 342, "height": 166, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "25 30 35 40 0 5 10 15 20 25 K u at Te ka n ( M p a) Variasi Fly Ash (%) 12,49 Fly ash optimal", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 161, "top": 38, "width": 355, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Pembakaran Batu Bara Sebagai Bahan Substitusi Parsial Semen (Hanafi Ashad, Sudarman Supardi, Anwar Mappiasse, A. Muh. Ikram Zhahir, Diaz Prabowo Surya)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 339, "top": 793, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOL.5 NO.1, FEBRUARI 2020 83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 364, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Berdasarkan hasil kuat tekan yang diperoleh dengan penambahan abu terbang (fly ash) sebesar 0% adalah 31,08 Mpa, 5% sebesar 33,01 Mpa, 10% sebesar 34,03 Mpa, 15% sebesar 36,29 Mpa, 20% sebesar 35,05 Mpa, dan 25% sebesar 29,38 Mpa. Konstribusi fly ash batu bara terhadap kuat tekan memberikan kontribusi positif pada penambahan fly ash batu bara sampai dengan 12,49% terjadi kenaikan nilai kuat tekan, sebaliknya penambahan diatas 12,49% terjadi penurunan nilai kuat tekan. 2. Dengan presentase optimum 12,49% dapat menghasilkan kuat tekan beton sebesar 35,59 Mpa 4.2 Saran Beberapa hal yang dapat direkomendasikan oleh peneliti berdasarkan pengalaman selama proses penelitian demi penyempurnaan penelitian lanjutan pada topik ini: 1. Disarankan agar para peneliti selanjutnya sebaiknya melakukan penelitian dengan mutu beton yang lebih tinggi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 184, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Karena adanya perbedaan dalam proses pengikatan menggunakan fly ash dan semen maka disarankan agar penentuan umur perawatan beton agar dipilih lebih dari 28 hari perendaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 526, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 552, "width": 184, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACI-211.1-91 . “Mensyaratkan Suatu Campuran Perancangan Beton”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 184, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adrian Philip Marthinus Marthin D. J. Sumajouw, Reky S. Windah.2015. Pengaruh Penambah Abu Terbang (Fly Ash) Terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 642, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuat Tarik Belah Beton. Manado:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 655, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Sipil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 668, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Sam Ratulangi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 686, "width": 183, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antoni dan Nugraha, P, 2004, “ Teknologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 699, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beton ”, penerbit C.V Andi Offset,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 713, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 726, "width": 156, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnast ek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 100, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Reka Buana Volume 1 No 2, Maret 2016 - Agustus 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 138, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Teknik Sipil, Vol. VI, No. 2, September 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 174, "width": 183, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mulyono, Tri. 2004. “ Teknologi Beton ”. Jakarta: Penerbit Andi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 214, "width": 183, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nicken Anggini Putri, Stefanus A Kristiawan, Sunarmasto.2014. Pengaruh Rasio Semen-Fly Ash Terhadap Sifat Segar dan Kuat Tekan High Volume Fly Ash-Self Compacting Concrete (HVFA-SCC). Kentingan Surakarta:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 303, "width": 183, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret. Rosmiyati A. Bella, Jusuf J. S. Pah, Ariansyah G. Ratu.2017. Perbandingan Persentase Penambahan FlyAsh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 399, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terhadap Kuat Tekan Bata Ringan Jenis CLC. Teknik Sipil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 433, "width": 183, "height": 274, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiawati, Mira. 2018. Fly Ash Sebagai Bahan Pengganti Semen Pada Beton. Palembang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang Susilowati, Anni. 2016. Penggunaan Fly Ash Sebagai Bahan Campuran Paving Block Geopolimer. Politeknik Negeri Padang: National Conference of Applied Sciences, Engineering, Business and Information Technology. Tim LaboratoriumStrukturdan Bahan Prodi Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muslim Indonesia.2017. Pedoman Pelaksanaan Praktikum Laboratorium Struktur dan Bahan. Makassar :Universitas Muslim Indonesia. Tjokrodimuljo,K. 1996. Bahan Bangunan.Jurusan teknik sipil.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 710, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 722, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mada. Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 292, "top": 789, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 263, "top": 36, "width": 257, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 436, "top": 52, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 75, "width": 336, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.31540/sjpif.v3i2 . 1395", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 94, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN 2654-4105 E-ISSN 2685-9483", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 79, "top": 138, "width": 440, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS TINGKAT KEJENUHAN BELAJAR FISIKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN DARING DI SMA YPK OIKOUMENE MASA PANDEMIK COVID-19", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 106, "top": 179, "width": 384, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desı Yunısarı Tutuala 1 , Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih 2 , Kaleb A Yenusi 3 , Irfan Yusuf 4 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 215, "width": 334, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3,4 Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Universitas Papua, Provinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 241, "width": 406, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received : 24 September 2021 Revised: 15 Oktober 2021 Accepted : 12 Desember 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 275, "width": 410, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: This study aims to analyze the level of learning saturation of students at SMA YPK Oikoumene in online learning. The research method used in this study is a survey method using a questionnaire. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a sample of 60 students from class X and XI science. The instrument used in this study was a learning saturation level questionnaire consisting of 15 statements. The results of the analysis show that the level of learning saturation in students belongs to four categories, namely 1) very saturated 10%, 2) 60% saturated, 3) moderately saturated 27% and 4) unsaturated 3%. While the level of saturation shown by YPK Oikoumene High School students is the saturation caused by very monotonous learning. The results of the analysis using the Rasch model are 1). The analysis carried out on the person there is one student with a very high level of saturation and two students with a very low level of saturation. 2). The analysis carried out on items, the statement with the highest logit value is the statement with the code P1 and the lowest is the statement with the code P15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 424, "width": 410, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tingkat kejenuhan belajar peserta didik di SMA YPK Oikoumene pada pembelajaran daring. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey yang menggunakan angket sebagai bahan istrumennya. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 60 peserta didik dari kelas X dan XI IPA. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket tingkat kejenuhan belajar yang terdiri dari 15 pernyataan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kejenuhan belajar pada peserta didik tergolong dalam empat kategori yaitu 1) kategori sangat jenuh 10%, 2) jenuh 60 %, 3) cukup jenuh 27 % dan 4) tidak jenuh 3%. Sedangkan tingkat kejenuhan yang ditunjukan oleh peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene adalah kejenuhan yang diakibatkan oleh pembelajaran yang sangat monoton. Hasil analisis menggunakan rasch model yaitu 1). Analisis yang dilakukan pada person terdapat seorang peserta didik dengan tingkat kejenuhan yang sangat tinggi dan dua orang peserta didik dengan tingkat kejenuhan sangat rendah. 2). Analisis yang dilakukan pada item, pernyataan dengan nilai logit tertinggi ialah pernyataan dengan kode P1 dan yang terendah adalah pernyataan dengan kode P15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 597, "width": 255, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Tingkat Kejenuhan Belajar, Pembelajaran Daring", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Upaya dalam menumbuh kembangkan potensi sumber daya manusia merupakan peran dasar dari pendidikan. Sistema Pendidikan Nasional Peserta berperan dalam memberikan arahan bahwa pendidikan adalah upaya serta usaha secara sadar yang terencana agar dapat mewujudkan keadaan belajar serta proses pembelajaran yang baik, agar peserta didik dapat aktif dalam mengembangkan potensi dalam dirinya sehingga terbentuklah kekuatan spiritual", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keagamaan, kepercayaan terdapat dirinya, kemampuan berkontribusi di dalam masyarakat serta ketaatan terhadap bangsa dan negara seperti yang termuat di dalam UUD nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang sistema Pendidikan Nasional (Depdiknas, 2003). Pendidikan yang berkualitas dapat tercapai jika proses pembelajarannya berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 455, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Belajar adalah kegiatan yang dilakukan seseorang yang merupakan suatu bentuk pertumbuhan atau perubahan yang dialami oleh seseorang didalam dirinya berupa tingkah laku ataupun tutur kata yang baik yang di perolehnya. Tingkah laku serta tutur kata yang baru diperoleh seseorang akibat adanya interaksi antar individu dengan individu lainnya dan individu dengan lingkungannya. Belajar juga merupakan bagian terpenting dari manusia karena belajar berlangsung selama manusia itu masih hidup. Proses belajar mengajar ada peserta didik yang mudah atau cepat dalam menangkap materi dan adapula peserta didik yang lambat dalam menangkap materi (Hidayat, 2016). Metode mengajar yang kurang menarik dan tingkat kesulitan materi dapat menyebabkan peserta didik mengalami peristiwa yang negatif dalam belajar seperti mulai merasa bosan, malas dan lain-lain sehingga menyebabkan kejenuhan (Pawicara, Conilie, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 454, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Umumnya kegiatan pembelajaran dilakukan di sekolah atau lebih tepatnya terjadi di ruang kelas, dimana terjadi interaksi langsung antar pendidik dan peserta didik. Penyakit Virus Corona mulai melanda Indonesia pada bulan Maret 2020, virus ini merupakan virus yang mematikan yang muncul pertama kali di salah satu Negara yakni Cina atau lebih tepatnya di Wuhan. Virus ini mulai menyebar hingga keseluruh Dunia. Adanya wabah ini pemerintah Indonesia mulai menetapkan agar warganya untuk menerapkan social distancing atau melakukan segala sesuatunya di rumah untuk memutuskan rantai penyebaran virus ini. Sehingga segala sesuatunya dilakukan di rumah mulai dari beribadah, bekerja, bersekolah dan lain-lainya. Diterapkannya social distancing maka metode pembelajaran yang berlangsung di dalam ruangan kelas dimana pendidik dan peserta didik melakukan ceramah, diskusi, tanya jawab dan bimbingan secara langsung harus di tiadakan, dan diganti dengan metode pembelajaran dalam jaringan atau daring (Napsawati, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 455, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran yang dilakukan dari dua tempat atau lebih kita kenal dengan istilah pembelajaran Daring/ online, yang memanfaatkan media sebagai alat komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan tujuan agar tercapaianya pemetaan akses pembelajaran yang bermutu, merupakan sistem dari pembelajaran daring atau online . Pembelajaran daring termaksud pembelajaran yang resmi atau formal karena diselengarakan langsung oleh lembaga pendidikan. Pembelajaran ini berlangsung saat peserta didik dan pendidik berada di lokasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang berbeda dan memanfaatkan sistem komunikasi yang interaktif untuk menghubungkan keduanya (Napsawati, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kejenuhan belajar atau keletihan belajar adalah kondisi dimana peserta didik mulai merasakan lelah pada saat pembelajaran yang disebabkan oleh tekanan pada saat belajar, pekerjaan rumah yang berlebihan maupun faktor psikologis lainnya. Istirahat yang cukup Keletihan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yakni keletihan indra, fisik dan mental. Istirahat yang cukup dapat menggurangi keletihan fisik maupun indra, tetapi jika seorang peserta didik mengalami keletihan mental maka akan sangat sulit untuk dipulihkan. Keletihan mental menjadi faktor utama kejenuhan belajar (Vitasari, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 454, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi saat ini memungkinkan pembelajaran dalam jaringan atau daring ( online ) dapat berjalan dengan sangat baik. Komunikasi antara pendidik dan peserta didik semakin baik karena ditunjang dengan media komudikasi yang tersedia. Media komunikasi yang semakin maju ini sangat memudahkan pendidik untuk membagikan materi secara langsung melalui video conference atau rekaman. Peserta didik dapat memutar kembali rekaman pembelajaran yang telah berlangsung bilamana ada materi yang masih belum dipahami (Napsawati, 2020). SMA Oikoumene merupakan salah satu SMA swasta di Manokwari Provinsi Papua Barat yang juga telah menerapkan pembelajaran daring sebagai pengganti proses pembelajaran yang belum bisa berlangsung di sekolah untuk saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian tentang kejenuhan belajar yang dilakukan oleh Desy dan Eka (2020) yaitu “Survei Tingkat Kejenuhan Siswa SMK Belajar di Rumah pada Mata Pelajaran Produk Kreatif dan Kewirausahaan Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19”. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa data kuesioner yang dikumpulkan terdapat dua kategori gejala kejenuhan yakni gejala kejenuhan level rendah dan level tinggi. Penelitian ini menjadi salah satu referensi yang menarik perhatian peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian tentang menganalisis kejenuhan belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Definisi-definisi belajar menurut Khodijah (2014) a) belajar adalah proses dimana seseorang dapat menunjukan keterampilan, kompetensi dan sikap yang baru, 2) belajar adalah proses yang melibatkan interaksi sosial, pengalaman yang diperoleh, 3) perubahan perilaku merupakan hasil dari belajar, 4) perubahan yang terjadi pada diri seseorang akan bersifat permanen. Jenis-jenis teori belajar adalah teori behavioristik, teori kognitif, toeri humanistik dan lainnya. Teori belajar yang akan saya mengangkat hanya satu teori belajar yakni teori", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 455, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kognitif dimana teori kognitif adalah toeri belajar yang difokuskan pada perubahan perilaku yang akan digunakan oleh seseorang untuk menghadapi duania luar. Perspektif kognitif, belajar adalah tampaknya perubahan perilaku seseorang dalam struktur mental. Pengetahuan, keterampilan, harapan, keyakinan dan struktur mental dari seseorang merupakan pusat dari pembelajaran. Potensi dalam berprilaku merupakan fokus dari teori kognitif (Khodijah, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 455, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suwarjo dan Diana Septi Purnama (dalam Vitasari 2016: 25-26) mengartikan kejenuhan sebagai suatu ( exhaustion ) atau kondisi dimana fisik, emosi dan metal seseorang telah letih dimana cirinya sering disebut physical depletion, atau dengan artian lain yaitu seseorang yang sudah tidak memiliki harapan dan tidak adanya keinginan untuk mencapai tujuan diri yang lebih baik lagi. Sebagian besar peserta didik mengalami kejenuhan belajar dengan tingkat yang bervariasi, penyebab kejenuhan ini antara lain kebiasan menundah tugas, kecewa dengan nilai yang tidak sesuai dengan harapan, kesulitan menerjemakan literatur dan sulit membagi waktu antara kesibukan belajar dengan kesibukan diluar belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Definisi-definisi tersebut jika dihubungkan dengan proses belajar, menurut Edi Sutarjo. et al . (2014) kejenuhan belajar ialah keadaan emosional dari seseorang yang juga telah mengalami kejenuhan baik kejenuhan fisik maupun kejenuhan mental akibat dari belajar yang semakin meningkat. Kejenuhan belajar terjadi jika peserta didik mulai merasa malas, bosan letih dan sering kesal, merasa bersalah dan mulai menyalahkan, perasaan capek dan lelah setiap hari, rendah diri, pesimis dan sering memperhatikan jam pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diadaptasi dari beberapa indikator penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka peneliti memutuskan memilih beberapa indikator penelitian untuk penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 572, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pembelajaran yang monoton", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 592, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Rasa bosan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 613, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Rasa Lelah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 634, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kurangnya waktu istirahat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 655, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kendala signal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator kendala signal dipilih oleh peneliti berdasarkan pengalaman yang dihadapi peneliti sewaktu melaksanakan PPL di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 138, "top": 75, "width": 322, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 . pernyataan-pernyataan berdasarkan lima indikator diatas.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 96, "width": 425, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Pernyataan Pilihan Jawaban SS S R TS STS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 125, "width": 249, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Metode pembelajaran daring kurang bervariasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 139, "width": 276, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Saya mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring hanya untuk mengisi absen saja", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 166, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Saya tidak memperhatikan ketika pembelajaran fisika berlangsung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 194, "width": 277, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Saya kehilangan motivasi pada pelajaran fisika pada saat pembelajaran daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 221, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Saya kurang konsentrasi belajar fisika pada saat pembelajaran daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 249, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 saya tidak belajar fisika saat pembelajaran daring ketika saya tidak enak badan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 277, "width": 276, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Saya tidak merasa kelelahan pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 304, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Tempat belajar saya selalu terlihat sama", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 318, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Saya kurang memahami materi fisika karena hanya dilakukan sekali dalam seminggu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 346, "width": 279, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 Saya sering mengantuk pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 373, "width": 279, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Saya sering mengalami gangguan jaringan pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 401, "width": 280, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 Sekolah menyediahkan wifi agar dapat diakses pada saat saya tidak memiliki data untuk mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 442, "width": 280, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Saya sering tidak mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 470, "width": 279, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Saya merasa bosan belajar fisika dengan metode pembelajaran daring yang memiliki durasi waktu satu setengah jam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 511, "width": 279, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Saya terbebani dengan banyaknya tugas fisika yang diberikan pada saat pembelajaran daring", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 582, "width": 458, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey dengan menggunakan angket sebagai bahan instrumennya. Tiga tahapan dalam metode penelitian survey yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan dan tahap akhir. Tahap persiapan adalah tahap awal penelitiam dimana tahap ini meliputi penyusunan instrumen, validasi istrumen dan pengurusan surat izin penelitian. Tahap Pelaksanaan adalah tahap berlangsungnya penelitian, tahap ini meliputi pembagian angket kepada peserta didik di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari dan mengumpulkan kembali angket yang sudah diisi oleh peserta didik tersebut. Tahap akhir meliputi menganalisis data yang sudah dikumpulkan dan setelah itu menarik kesimpulan dari data yang telah dianalisis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "130", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik purposive sampling adalah teknik dimana peneliti memilih sampel berdasarkan pada kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan pada penelitian yang dilakukan (sugiyono, 2013). Peserta didik kelas X dan XI IPA di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari, yang mengikuti pembelajaran daring adalah sampel penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 454, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket kejenuhan belajar fisika pada masa pandemik covid-19 yang digunakan terdiri dari 15 pernyataan. Pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut sudah terlebih dahulu divalidasi sebelum diberikan kepada peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene. Angket tingkat kejenuhan belajar fisika masa pandemik covid-19 dibuat dalam format link google formulir (google from), dan link diberikan kepada guru fisika SMA YPK Oikoumene kemudian disebarkan kepada peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene dengan jumlah sampel yang mengisi dari kelas X dan XI IPA ialah sebanyak 60 peserta didik, dengan jumlah 8 peserta didik dari kelas X IPA 1, kelas X IPA 2 sebanyak 9 peserta didik, 8 orang peserta didik dari kelas XI IPA 1, kelas XI IPA 2 dengan jumlah 20 peserta didik dan kelas XI IPA 3 dengan jumlah 15 peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis dengan metode deskriptif dengan rumus persentase deskriptif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 503, "top": 432, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Ali M, 2013)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 474, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dp : deskriptif persentase (%)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n : jumlah skor yang didapatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 536, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N : jumlah skor maksimum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Riduan (2004) untuk dapat mengetahui kriteria tersebut akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis persentase deskriptif. Kriteria predikat persentase deskriptif dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 618, "width": 296, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 . Kriteria predikat persentase deskriptif Persentase Deskriptif Predikat 75,1% - 100% Sangat Jenuh 50,1% - 75% Jenuh 25,1% - 50% Cukup Jenuh 1% - 25% Tidak Jenuh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: (Riduan 2004)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemodelan Rasch", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suminto & Widhiarso, (dalam Manopo 2020: 14). Rasch model dalam penelitian ini digunakan untuk menganalisis angket agar mengetahui keberadaan posisi dari seseorang terhadap pilihan jawaban yang diberikan. Pilihan jawaban yang tersedia ada 5 jawaban yaitu sangat setuju, setuju, ragu-ragu, kurang setuju, dan sangat tidak setuju. Output table yang digunakan untuk mengetahui posisi person dan item adalah output tables 1. Variable maps dan Output table 3.1 Summary Statistic. Variable maps terdapat sisi kiri dan sisi kanan, pada sisi kiri adalah persebaran person dan pada sisi kanan adalah persebaran pernyataan angket, sedangkan Summary Statistic digunakan untuk melihat separasi dan reliability pada person dan ítem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 454, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil persentase deskriptif menujukkan bahwa tingkat kejenuhan belajar fisika masa pandemik covid-19 di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari terbagi kedalam empat kategori. Empat kategori kejenuhan yang diperoleh ialah kategori sangat jenuh, kategori jenuh, kategori cukup jenuh dan kategori tidak jenuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perhitungan presentase kejenuhan belajar menggunakan persamaan persentase deskriptif didapatkan hasil perhitungan angket kejenuhan belajar secara keseluruhan maupun setiap indikator dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1 dan Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 595, "width": 247, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Persentase deskriptif tingkat kejenuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 454, "height": 165, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket tingkat kejenuhan belajar fisika dibuat berdasarkan pada indikator-indikator kejenuhan belajar fisika, hasilnya dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2. 10% 60% 27% 3% Sangat Jenuh Jenuh Cukup Jenuh", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 377, "top": 546, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak Jenuh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "132", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 146, "top": 203, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Angket tingkat kejenuhan belajar berdasarkan indikator", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 2 diperlihatkan bahwa indikator tingkat kejenuhan yang paling banyak dialami oleh peserta didik adalah indikator rasa bosan dengan presentase 34% dan yang paling sedikit dialami oleh peserta didik ialah indikator pembelajaran yang monoton dan kurangnya waktu istirahat dengan presentase yang sama yaitu 13%. Pembahasan lebih rinci untuk setiap indikator penyataan angket penelitian akan dijelaskan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Indikator Monoton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 348, "width": 454, "height": 115, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator pertama pada angket tingkat kejenuhan belajar adalah pembelajaran yang monoton yang dijabarkan menjadi tiga pernyataan yakni pernyataan nomor 1, nomor 8 dan nomor 9. Penyataan nomor 1 yang diberikan di angket ialah “Metode pembelajaran daring kurang bervariasi” pernyataan ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui apakah motode pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru selama pembelajaran daring sangatlah monoton. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilihat pada Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 607, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Pernyataan pertama", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 628, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 3 menyatakan bahwa ada 22 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang artinya bahwa selama pembelajaran daring berlangsung metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh sangatlah monoton atau tidak bervariasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 710, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan kedelapan ialah “Tempat belajar saya selalu terlihat sama”. Pernyataan ini bermaksud mengetahui apakah selama pembelajaran daring berlangsung yang kurang lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 80, "width": 287, "height": 507, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20% 34% 20% 13% 13% Monoton Rasa Bosan Rasa Lelah Kurangnya Waktu Istirahat Kendala Signal 22 17 8 7 6 0 5 10 15 20 25 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "133", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mencapai 1 tahun ini, peserta didik hanya mengikutinya di rumah saja. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 246, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Pernyataan kedelapan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 4 menyatakan bahwa ada 14 peserta didik yang memberikan jawaban sangat setuju dan 13 peserta didik yang memberikan jawaban tidak setuju serta jawaban sangat tidak setuju. Jawaban dari pernyataan ini mengartinya bahwa selama pembelajaran daring ada peserta didik mengikutinya dari rumah hingga segalanya selalu terlihat sama dan ada juga peserta didik yang mengikuti pembelajaran daring di tempat yang berbeda-beda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 368, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan kesembilan ialah “Saya kurang memahami materi fisika karena hanya dilakukan sekali dalam seminggu”. Pernyataan ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui apakah pelajaran fisika yang dilakukan sekali dalam seminggu tidak dapat dipahami oleh peserta didik sehingga menimbulkan perasaan malas untuk belajar. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilihat pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 610, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Pernyataan kesembilan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 631, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 5 menyatakan bahwa ada 14 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang artinya bahwa jika pembelajaran fisika hanya dilakukan sekali dalam seminggu akan mengakibatkan peserta didik kurang paham dalam memahami materi sehingga timbul perasaan malas dalam belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 713, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan-pernyataan berikut telah mewakili indikator pertama yaitu pembelajaran yang monoton. Salah satu jurnal penelitian yang mendukung indikator ini ialah penelitian dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 117, "width": 253, "height": 111, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 10 10 13 13 0 5 10 15 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 262, "top": 219, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 475, "width": 322, "height": 114, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 13 12 10 11 0 5 10 15 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "134", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pawicara dan Maharani (2020) yang mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran yang monoton merupakan salah satu penyebab kejenuhan belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Indikator Rasa Bosan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator kedua pada angket penelitian ini adalah rasa bosan yang dijabarkan menjadi lima pernyataan itu pernyataan nomor 2, nomor 3, nomor 4, nomor 13 dan pernyataan momor 14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 455, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan 2 ialah “Saya mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring hanya untuk mengisi absen saja”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini ialah apakah peserta didik hanya ingin mengisi daftar hadir saja selama pembelajaran fisika secara daring berlangsung. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 425, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Pernyataan kedua", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 446, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 6 menyatakan bahwa ada 20 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang artinya bahwa peserta didik hanya meluangkan waktu untuk mengisi daftar hadir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 455, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan ketiga ialah “Saya tidak memperhatikan ketika pembelajaran fisika berlangsung”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini yaitu untuk memperoleh informasi apakah peserta didik memperhatikan apa yang di sampaikan guru ketika pelajaran berlangsung. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 722, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Pernyataan ketiga", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 126, "top": 286, "width": 326, "height": 416, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 9 14 10 7 0 5 10 15 20 25 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju 13 7 17 14 9 0 5 10 15 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 373, "top": 693, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "135", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 2.5 menyatakan bahwa ada 17 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene ragu-ragu dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa peserta didik tidak terlalu memperhatikan materi yang disampaikan pada saat pembelajaran berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan keempat ialah “Saya kehilangan motivasi pada pelajaran fisika pada saat pembelajaran daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik kehilangan semangat belajarnya pada saat pembelajaran daring. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 348, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Pernyataan keempat", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 8 menyatakan bahwa ada 18 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene ragu-ragu dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti peserta didik merasa ragu terhadap dirinya apakah dirinya telah kehilangan motivasi atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 431, "width": 454, "height": 115, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan ketiga belas ialah “Saya sering tidak mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik sering tidak mengikuti pembelajaran fisika yang dilakukan secara daring. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 9. Hasil dari Gambar 9 menyatakan bahwa ada 17 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene tidak setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa peserta didik selalu mengikuti pembelajaran fisika yang di lakukan secara daring.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 697, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. pernyataan ketiga belas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan keempat belas ialah “Saya merasa bosan belajar fisika dengan metode pembelajaran daring yang memiliki durasi waktu satu setengah jam”. Maksud dari pernyataan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 222, "width": 334, "height": 454, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 11 18 9 10 0 5 10 15 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju 13 12 11 17 7 0 5 10 15 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 452, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ini ialah ingin mengetahui apakah peserta didik merasa bosan dengan motede pembelajaran online . Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 251, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. pernyataan keempat belas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 5.10 menyatakan bahwa ada 17 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene tidak setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa peserta didik tidak merasa bosan dengan metode pembelajaran online yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 454, "height": 74, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan-pernyataan diatas telah mewakili indikator kedua yakni rasa bosan. Salah satu jurnal penelitian yang mendukung keberadaan indicator ini ialah penelitian dari Rinawati dan Kurnia (2020:), yang mengatakan bahwa faktor penyebab terjadinya kelelahan fisik dan mental adalah rasa bosan yang sangat tinggi akan sesuatu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 416, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Indikator Rasa Lelah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 437, "width": 453, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator ketiga dalam pernyataan ini ialah rasa lelah yang dijabarkan menjadi tiga pernyataan yaitu pernyataan nomor 5, nomor 6 dan pernyataan nomor 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 460, "height": 76, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan kelima ialah “Saya kurang konsentrasi belajar fisika pada saat pembelajaran daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik dapat fokus pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring atau tidak. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 696, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 11. Pernyataan kelima", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 123, "top": 121, "width": 334, "height": 109, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 12 11 17 7 0 5 10 15 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 141, "top": 566, "width": 254, "height": 111, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 15 8 9 14 0 10 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 262, "top": 668, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 11 menyatakan bahwa ada 15 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene Setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa peserta didik tidak memperhatikan pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 134, "width": 454, "height": 76, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan keenam ialah “saya tidak belajar fisika saat pembelajaran daring ketika saya tidak enak badan”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah ketika sedang sakit peserta didik tetap mengikuti pembelajaran atau tidak. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 336, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Pernyataan keenam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 357, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 12 menyatakan bahwa ada 18 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini. Pernyataan ini berarti bahwa peserta didik tidak akan mengikuti pembelajaran yang dilakukan ketika ia sedang sakit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 454, "height": 76, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan ketujuh ialah “Saya tidak merasa kelelahan pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah peserta didik merasa cape dengan pembelajara yang berlangsung secara darimg. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 13.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 611, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13. Pernyataan ketujuh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 631, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 13 menyatakan bahwa ada 18 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini. Pernyataan ini berarti bahwa peserta didik merasa kelelahan dengan pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara daring.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan-pernyataan di atas telah mewakili indikator rasa lelah. Salah satu jurnal penelitian yang juga mendukung indikator ini ialah penelitian dari Dedeh Kurnia (2021:5),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 221, "width": 323, "height": 354, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 9 11 9 13 0 10 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju 18 6 11 13 12 0 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 583, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang mengatakan bahwa salah penyebab terjadinya kejenuhan belajar ialah kelelahan mental maupun kelelahan fisik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Indikator Kurangnya Waktu Istirahat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator keempat dari pernyataan ini ialah kurangnya waktu istirahat yang dijabarkan kedalam pernyataan nomor 10 dan pernyataan nomor 15. Pernyataan kesepuluh ialah “Saya sering mengantuk pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah peserta didik sering mengantuk pada saat pembelajaran dari berlangsung. Hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilihat pada Gambar 14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 343, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 14. Pernyataan kesepuluh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 14 menyatakan bahwa ada 17 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene setuju dengan pernyataan ini. Pernyataan ini berarti bahwa peserta didik sering mengatuk pada saat pembelajaran daring berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 424, "width": 455, "height": 75, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan kelima belas ialah “Saya terbebani dengan banyaknya tugas fisika yang diberikan pada saat pembelajaran daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah tugas yang di berikan oleh guru sangat membebani peserta didik. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada pada Gambar 15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 622, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 15 . Pernyataan kelima belas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 643, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 15 menyatakan bahwa ada 16 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene tidak setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa tugas yang diberikan oleh guru tidak menjadi beban bagi peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan-pernyataan diatas telah mewakili indikator keempat dalam penelitian ini yakni kurangnya waktyu istirahat. Salah satu jurnal penelitian yang mendukung adanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 243, "width": 317, "height": 344, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 17 9 11 12 0 10 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju 11 11 8 16 14 0 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 171, "top": 595, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "indikator ini ialah penelitian dari Rinawati dan Kurnia (2020), yang mengatakan bahwa fakto penyebab terjadinya kejenuhan ialah kurangnya waktu istirahat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Indikator Kendala Signal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 137, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator kelima dari penelitian ini adalah kendala signal yang dijabarkan kedalam pernyataan nomor 11 dan pernyataan nomor 12. Pernyataan kesebelas ialah “Saya sering mengalami gangguan jaringan pada saat pembelajaran fisika secara daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik mengalami gangguan jaringan ketika akan masuk kedalam kelas online ataupun mengalami gangguan jaringan pada saat guru sedang menjelaskan materi. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 16.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 388, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 16. Pernyataan kesebelas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 16 menyatakan bahwa ada 22 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene sangat setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa peserta didik banyak mengalami masalah gangguan jaringan ketika pembelajaran daring.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 454, "height": 97, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan kedua belas ialah “Sekolah menyediahkan wifi agar dapat diakses pada saat saya tidak memiliki data untuk mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring”. Maksud dari pernyataan ini adalah ingin mengetahui apakah pihak sekolah menyediahkan jaringan wifi bagi peserta didik yang kehabisan kuota untuk belajar. Hasil jawaban terlihat pada Gambar 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 682, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 17. Pernyataan kedua belas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dari Gambar 17 menyatakan bahwa 14 peserta didik SMA YPK Oikoumene memilih sangat setuju dan 14 peserta didik juga memilih sangat tidak setuju dengan pernyataan ini, yang berarti bahwa ada peserta didik yang memanfaatkan wifi sekolah agar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 266, "width": 247, "height": 380, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22 9 4 11 14 0 10 20 30 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju 14 12 8 12 14 0 20 Sangat Setuju Setuju Ragu-ragu", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 171, "top": 654, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak Setuju Sangat Tidak Setuju", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat mengikuti pembelajaran fisika secara daring dan ada juga peserta didik yang tidak memanfaatkan wifi yang disediahkan. Pernyataan-pernyataan diatas telah mewakili indikator kendala signal. Indikator ini di pilih oleh penulis berdasarkan pengamatan penulis selama melakukan PLP di SMA tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan rasch model untuk menganalisis angket kejenuhan belajar fisika. Output table yang digunakan adalah Output table 1 dan Output table 3.1. untuk mengetahui posisi person dan item menggunakan Output table 1 Variable Maps. Output table 3.1 Summary Statistic digunakan untuk melihat separasi dan reliability pada person dan item.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 241, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Peta Wright", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 556, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 18. Person dan variable maps", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 576, "width": 455, "height": 115, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar diatas menunjukan distribusi pernyataan dan peserta didik yang menyatakan bahwa pernyataan dengan nilai logit tertinggi adalah pernyataan yang dilambangkan dengan P1 dan yang paling kecil nilai logit nya adalah pernyataan yang dilambangkan dengan P15. Peserta didik yang mengalami tingkat kejenuhan yang sangat tinggi adalah peserta didik dengan nomor kode 19, serta yang paling rendah atau tidak jenuh adalah peserta didik dengan nomor kode 06 dan 37.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas atau reliability berarti dapat di percaya, pengukuran dengan nilai reliabilitas tinggi disebut sebagai pengukuran yang reliabel. Suatu angka yang disebut koefisien merupakan tinggi rendahnya reliabilitas. Pendekatan Tes-Ulang (Test-Restest), Pendekatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 38, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desi Yunisari Tutuala, Sri Wahyu Widyaningsih, Kaleb A Yenusi, & Irfan Yusuf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tes Sejajar ( Alternate-Forms ) dan Pendekatan Konsistensi Internal (Internal Consistenci) dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis reliabilitas. Menurut Sumintono dan Widhiarso (2015). Hasil analisis reabilitas butir soal untuk melihat reliabilitas dengan menggunakan pemodelan Rasch dengan berbantuan aplikasi winstep. Hasil analisis reliabilitas terlihat pada Gambar 19 dan 20 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 383, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 19. Person measure", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 233, "top": 565, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 20. Item measure", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 600, "width": 269, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis di atas dapat ditampilkan seperti pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 400, "height": 83, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 uji reabilitas berikut. Variabel Rata-rata logit (SD) Separation Reliabilitas α Crombach Person -0,20 1,72 0,75 0,74 Item 0,00 0,46 0,18", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas diperoleh nilai reliabilitas person yakni 0,75 yang artinya bahwa nilai reliabilitas person tergolong dalam kategori cukup. Nilai reliabilitas item ialah 0,18 yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 42, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Silampari Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Fisika, Vol. 3, No.2, (2021)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 766, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puplished at https://ojs.stkippgri-lubuklinggau.ac.id/index.php/SJPIF", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 786, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 31, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "artinya bahwa nilai reliabilitas item tergolong dalam kategori sangat lemah. Selain itu nilai alpha Crombach adalah 0,74 yang berarti masuk dalam kategori bagus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 455, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini selaras dengan beberapa penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ningsih (2020), Pawicara dan Conilie (2020:35) yaitu kejenuhan belajar masa pandemik covid-19 terjadi karena beberapa faktor diantaranya ialah peserta didik mengalami kesulitan karena metode pembelajaran yang monoton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 220, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 240, "width": 367, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pada analisi dan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Tingkat kejenuhan belajar peserta didik pada masa pandemik covid-19 di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari terbagi atas empat kategori persentase deskriptif yaitu 1) kategori sangat jenuh 10%, 2) jenuh 60 %, 3) cukup jenuh 27 % dan 4) tidak jenuh 3%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 323, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tingkat kejenuhan belajar peserta didik pada masa pandemik covid-19 di SMA YPK Oikoumene Manokwari untuk tiap-tiap indikator adalah 1) monoton 20%, 2) rasa bosan 34%, 3) rasa lelah 20%, 4) kurangnya waktu istirahat 13% dan 5) kendala signal 13%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Peserta didik dominan merasa kejenuhan dengan metode pembelajaran yang monoton, hal ini didukung oleh pemodelan Rasch.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 471, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agustina et al. (2019). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kejenuhan Belajar pada Siswa dan Usaha Guru BK untuk Mengatasinya. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 523, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali, M. Penelitian Kependidikan dan Strategi. Bandung: Angkasa, 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arirahmanto, Sutam B. 2018. Pengembangan Aplikasi Penurunan Kejenuhan Belajar Berbasis Android untuk Siswa SMPN 3 Babat . UNESA Surabaya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 584, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Depdiknas. Undang-undang RI No. 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional , 2003.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 622, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Demerouti, E. et al. (2002). From Mental Strain to Burnout. Diakses dari http://www.researchgate.net/profile/FriedhelmNachreiner/publication/46629458Fromm entalstraintoburnout/links/0fcfd5062e0a145b0c000000.pdf pada Tanggal 27 Februari, Jam 19:11 WIT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 306, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hakim, T. 2004. Belajar Secara Efektif . 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[ { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "123", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 72, "width": 314, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DEMOKRASI DALAM TEORI POLITIK ISLAM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 219, "top": 92, "width": 50, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zulhamdi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 107, "width": 234, "height": 63, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mahasiswa Program Doktor Prodi Fiqh Modern UIN AR-RANIRY Banda Aceh Email: [email protected] ORCID: 0000-0003-3225-8842", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 177, "width": 55, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 341, "height": 336, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara demokrasi adalah negara yang menganut paham kedaulatan rakyat, Kekuasaan yang sesungguhnya adalah milik rakyat, oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat. Sedangkan politik Islam merupakan sistem pemerintahan yang sama sekali berbeda dengan sistem-sistem pemerintahan yang ada di dunia, baik dari segi asas berdirinya, pemikiran, standar dan aspek hukum yang dipergunakan untuk melayani kepentingan masyarakat maupun dari aspek undang-undang dasarnya, ataupun dari aspek bentuk yang menggambarkan wujud negara Islam, bentuk pemerintahan Islam adalah pemerintahan khilafah, P enulis mencoba membahas tentang perbedaan dan persamaan antara demokrasi dengan teori politik Islam sehingga bisa memberikan informasi kepada pembaca terkait dengan demokrasi dalam politik Islam, Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, karena penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelaahan dokumen. Deskriptif dalam arti peneliti berusaha mendeskripsikan secara sistematis dan akurat terhadap suatu data-data dan dokumen yang ada, D emokrasi bisa sejalan dengan ajaran Islam, sebab prinsip-prinsip nilai yang dibawa demokrasi, yakni nilai egalitarianisme (almusâwah) , kebebasan (al- hurriyah) dan pluralisme (ta`addudiyah) , tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip- prinsip Islam, bahkan jauh sebelumnya Islam telah berbicara dan memperjuangkan nilai-nilai tersebut. Akan tetapi, hal itu bukan berarti demokrasi sepenuhnya sesuai dengan semangat dan nafas Islam. Sebab, di sisi lain, Islam juga mengandung prinsip-prinsip lain yang tidak dibawa oleh demokrasi. Prinsip-prinsip yang dimaksud adalah, (1) prinsip syûrâ (musyawarah), (2) imâmah (kepemimpinan), (3) perbedaan gender, dan (4) soal dzimmi . Jadi, prinsip-prinsip Demokrasi pada dasarnya memang dapat diterima dan tidak bertentangan dengan Islam, tetapi hal itu bukan berarti Islam identik dengan demokrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 534, "width": 216, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunc:, Teori, Demokrasi, dan Politik Islam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 553, "width": 109, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 554, "width": 361, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ealitas sejarah pada masa permulaan Islam atau periode klasik telah mencatat berbagai macam sistem yang diberlakukan dalam R", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "124 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 188, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengangkatan khalifah atau kepala Negara. Pengangkatan Abu Bakar sebagai khalifah pertama dipilih oleh forum musyawarah (semacam majlis syura) dan dibaiat oleh sekelompok kecil sahabat yang terdiri dari 5 orang, yang dikenal dengan nama Baiat Saqifah. 1 Sementara Umar ibn Khattab sebagai khalifah kedua ditetapkan melalui pemilihan langsung dalam suatu baiat umum. Kemudian pemilihan Usman bin Affan sebagai khalifah ketiga ditentukan dengan membentuk tim formatur atau ahl al- halli wa al-`aqdi yang terdiri dari enam orang. 2 Dua belas tahun kemudian Ali bin Abi Thalib tampil sebagai khalifah keempat melalui pemilihan dan baiat dari orang banyak, baik dari kelompok Muhajirin maupun Anshor meskipun ada pihak yang menolak, yaitu Muawiyah Gubernur Suria yang berasal dari keluarga Usman. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 261, "width": 362, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khusus pada masa Dinasti Umayyah dan Abbasiyah yang menganut model pemerintahan monarki; majlis syura tetap ada, tapi fungsinya tak ubahnya sekadar lembaga konsultasi yang tidak memiliki wewenang dalam mengangkat pemimpin pemerintahan. 4 Meskipun memakai “bungkus” nama khalifah, namun substansinya jauh berbeda dengan pemerintahan khulafaur rasyidin. Bila pada masa khulafaur rasyidin pengangkatan khalifah ditentukan lewat pemilihan dan baiat, namun di masa Daulah Bani Umayyah dan Abbasiyah ditentukan oleh khalifah sebelumnya atau diwariskan secara turun temurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 403, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mujar Ibnu Syarif merinci ada tujuh macam model pengangkatan Kepala Negara yang dipraktikkan di masa awal pertumbuhan Islam, meliputi metode penunjukan langsung oleh Allah, metode pemilihan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 463, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Mereka adalah Umar bin Khattab, Abu Udaidah, Basyir bin Saad, Asid bin Khudair, dan Salim. Lihat: Munawir Sjadzali, Islam dan Tata Negara, Jakarta: UI-Press, 1993, h. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 497, "width": 362, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Mereka adalah Ali bin Abi, Usman bin Affan, Saad bin Abi Waqqas, Abd Rahman bin Auf, Zubair bin Awam, Thalhah, dan Abdullah bin Umar. Lihat: Munawir Sjadzali, Islam dan Tata Negara, h. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 532, "width": 362, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Penolakan Muawiyah didasarkan pada dua alasan. Pertama, Ali harus mempertanggung jawabkan tentang terbunuhnya Utsman; kedua, hak untuk menentukan pengisian jabatan khalifah tidak lagi merupakan hak mereka yang berada di Madinah saja karena wilayah Islam telah meluas dan telah banyak komunitas Islam di daerah-daerah baru. Lihat: Munawir Sjadzali, Islam dan Tata Negara, h. 28.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 589, "width": 362, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Al-Maududi, Khilafah dan Kerajaan (Al-Khilâfah wa Al- Mulk), Alih Bahasa Muhammad al-Baqir. Bandung: Mizan, Cet. ke-2, h. 183-187", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ahl al-halli wa al-`aqdi, metode penunjukan melalui wasiat, metode pemilhan oleh tim formatur atau dewan musyawarah, metode revolusi atau kudeta, metode pemilihan langsung oleh rakyat, dan metode penunjukan berdasarkan keturunan. 5 Pada bagian lain dari bukunya, Mujar menjelaskan bahwa sejak abad ke-7 Masehi umat Islam pernah mempraktikkan beberapa sistem pemerintahan yang meliputi: sistem pemerintahan khalifah, sistem pemerintahan imamah, sistem pemerintahan monarki, dan sistem pemerintahan demokrasi. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 198, "width": 361, "height": 110, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari berbagai sistem pengangkatan pemimpin politik pada periode klasik itu, sulit untuk menentukan cara mana sebenarnya menurut syariat Islam. Berhubung tidak ada ketentuan tegas dalam hal ini, pada tataran praktis cara dan modelnya bisa bermacam-macam. Al-Mawardi sendiri, demi kehati-hatian, tidak berani menetapkan mana yang islami, sehingga ia lebih cenderung membenarkan semua cara di atas. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 321, "width": 265, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. DEMOKRASI DALAM TEORI POLITIK ISLAM a. Konsep Demokrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 351, "width": 118, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Definisi Demokrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 366, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi secara etimologis terdiri dari kata demos (rakyat atau penduduk suatu tempat) dan cratein atau cratos (kekuasaan atau kedaulatan). Jadi, demos-cratein/demos-cratos adalah kekuasaan/ kedaulatan rakyat, kekuasaan tertinggi berada dalam keputusan rakyat, rakyat berkuasa, pemerintahan rakyat dan kekuasaan oleh rakyat. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 445, "width": 361, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian secara terminologis dapat dikemukakan beberapa pendapat para pakar berikut: 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 497, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Mujar Ibnu Syarif dan Khamami Zada, Fiqh Siyasah: Doktrin dan Pemikiran Politik Islam, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008, h. 124", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 520, "width": 256, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Mujar Ibnu Syarif dan Khamami Zada, Fiqh Siyasah…, h. 204", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 532, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Muhammad Anis, ‘Model Syura - Khilafah’, lihat: http:// ahmadsahidin. wordpress.com/ 2010/04/30/ model-syura-khilafah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 555, "width": 361, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Masykuri Abdillah, Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna; Respon Intelektual Muslim Indonesia Terhadap Konsep Demokrasi 1966-1993, (Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1999), h. 71.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 589, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Kurniawan, Civic Education: Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, (Bengkulu: LP2 STAN Curup, 2010), Cet. ke-1, h. 170-172.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "126 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 184, "top": 73, "width": 106, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Josefh A. Schmeter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 88, "width": 362, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan suatu perencanaan institusional untuk mencapai keputusan politik, dimana individu-individu memperoleh kekuasaan untuk memutuskan dengan cara perjuangan kompetitif atas suara rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 136, "width": 78, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sidney Hook", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 151, "width": 362, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adalah bentuk pemerintahan, dimana keputusan-keputusan pemerintah yang penting secara langsung atau tidak langsung didasarkan pada kesepakatan mayoritas yang diberikan secara bebas dari rakyat dewasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 214, "width": 218, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Phillipe C. Schmitter dan Terry Lynn Karl", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 230, "width": 361, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan suatu sistem pemerintahan, dimana pemerintah dimintai tanggungjawab atas tindakan-tindakan mereka di wilayah publik oleh warganegara, yang bertindak secara tidak langsung melalui kompetisi dan kerjasama dengan para wakil mereka yang telah terpilih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 293, "width": 72, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Deliar Noer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 308, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi sebagai dasar hidup bernegara mengandung pengertian bahwa pada tingkat terakhir, rakyat memberikan ketentuan dalam masalah-masalah mengenai kehidupannya, termasuk dalam menilai kebijakan negara, karena kebijakan tersebut menentukan kehidupan rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 387, "width": 106, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Moh. Mahfud. MD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 403, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari sudut organisasi, demokrasi berarti pengorganisasian negara yang dilakukan oleh rakyat sendiri atau atas persetujuan rakyat, karena kedaulatan berada ditangan rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 450, "width": 89, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Henry B. Mayo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 466, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan sistem politik yang menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan umum ditentukan atas dasar mayoritas oleh wakil-wakil yang diawasi secara efektif oleh rakyat dalam pemilihan-pemilihan berkala, yang didasarkan atas prinsip kesamaan politik dan diselenggarakan dalam suasana terjaminnya kebebasan politik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 560, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sejarah Demokrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 575, "width": 361, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi dijadikan pilihan oleh banyak orang, didasari oleh tiga asumsi pemikiran, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 73, "width": 347, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Demokasi tidak saja merupakan bentuk final dan terbaik bagi sistem pemerintahan, melainkan juga sebagai doktrin politik luhur yang akan memberikan manfaat bagi kebanyakan negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 120, "width": 347, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Demokrasi sebagai sistem politik dan pemerintahan dianggap mempunyai akar sejarah yang panjang (sejak Yunani kuno), sehingga tahan banting dan dapat menjamin terselenggaranya suatu lingkungan politik yang stabil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 183, "width": 347, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Demokrasi dipandang sebagai sistem yang paling alamiah dan manusiawi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 230, "width": 362, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep demokrasi lahir dari pemikiran mengenai hubungan negara dan hukum di Yunani Kuno dan dipraktikkan dalam hidup bernegara antara abad 4 SM sampai dengan 6 M. Demokrasi yang berlangsung masa tersebut adalah demokasi langsung (direct democracy) , artinya rakyat dalam menyampaikan haknya untuk membuat keputusan politik dijalankan secara langsung oleh seluruh warganegara, berdasarkan prosedur mayoritas. Sifat langsung tersebut berjalan secara efektif, karena negara kota (city state) Yunani Kuno berlangsung dalam kondisi sederhana dengan wilayah negara yang hanya terbatas pada sebuah kota kecil dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 300.000 orang. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 387, "width": 362, "height": 172, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menjelang akhir abad pertengahan, spirit dan keinginan untuk menjalankan demokrasi tumbuh kembali, yang ditandai dengan lahirnya Magna Charta (piagam besar) sebagai suatu piagam yang memuat perjanjian antara kaum bangsawan dan raja John (Inggris) dengan bawahannya. Kelahiran Magna Charta, disebut sebagai tonggak baru kemunculan Demokrasi. Dalam Magna Charta ditegaskan bahwa raja mengakui dan menjamin beberapa hak dan preveleges bawahannya termasuk rakyat jelata sebagai imbalan untuk penyerahan dana bagi keperluan perang dan lain-lain. Selain itu, di dalamnya memuat dua prinsip yang sangat mendasar; pertama , adanya pembatasan kekuasaan raja, kedua , hak asasi manusia lebih penting daripada kedaulatan raja. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 578, "width": 362, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Moh. Mahfud MD, Dasar dan Struktur Kenegaraan Indonesia, (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2001), h. 71.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 92, "top": 601, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Kurniawan, Civic Education..., h. 175.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "128 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 266, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya perkembangan demokrasi diilhami oleh gerakan- gerakan kultural yang muncul di Eropa Barat, yaitu renaissance dan gerakan reformasi. Renaisans di Eropa yang berintikan akal pikiran bertujuan untuk mencipta dan mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan yang mengilhaminya. Pada masa renaissance semua ikatan yang ada digantikan dengan kebebasan bertindak seluas-luasnya sepanjang sesuai dengan yang dipikirkan. Gerakan reformasi merupakan suatu gerakan revolusi agama (pada abad ke-16), yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki keadaan dalam gereja Katolik, saat kekuasaan gereja domina dalam menentukan tindakan warganegara. Revolusi agama yang dimotori Martin Luther menyulut api pemberontakan terhadap dominasi gereja yang telah mengungkung kebebasan berpikir dan bertindak. Gerakan reformasi intinya memberikan penegasan pemisahan antara kekuasaan gereja dengan negara. Kekuasaan gereja mengatur hal yang terkait dengan masalah agama, sedangkan negara mengatur hal yang terkait dengan masalah kenegaraan. Dari sinilah ilham gerakan demokrasi Barat di abad pertengahan mencuat. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 340, "width": 362, "height": 172, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi modern yang berjalan ini tidak lagi didasarkan atas pemikiran demokrasi Yunani tersebut, melainkan dikembangkan dari ide-ide dan lembaga-lembaga dari masa renaisance yang dimulai pada abad ke-16. Ide-ide yang dimaksud adalah gagasan sekularisme yang diprakarsai Niccolo Macheavelli (1469-1527), gagasan Negara Kontrak oleh Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), gagasan tentang konstitusi negara dan liberalisme serta pemisahan antara kekuasaan legislatif, eksekutif dan yudikatif lembaga fideral oleh John Locke (1632-1704) yang kemudian disempurnakan Baron de Montesquieu (1689- 1755), serta ide tentang kedaulatan rakyat dan social contract yang diperkenalkan Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1878). 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 513, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum, dalam sejarah perkembangannnya ada dua model demokrasi: demokrasi langsung (direct demokrasi) dan demokrasi perwakilan (representative democracy). Dalam demokrasi langsung,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 578, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Kurniawan, Civic Education..., h. 176.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 589, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 The New Encyclopedia Britannica, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988), vol. 4, h. 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keputusan politik ditentukan oleh warga negara dalam suatu pertemuan bersama. Ini hanya dimungkinkan bila penduduknya kecil. Demokrasi model ini sebagaimana yang pernah diterapkan dalam negara kota Yunani Kuno sedikit pengaruhnya terhadap demokrasi modern. Demokrasi perwakilan mulai berkembang abad ke-18 dan 19 M di Eropa dan Amerika di mana keputusan diambil berdasarkan suara terbanyak. Pemilihan umum secara teratur, hak pilih bagi orang dewasa, kebebasan mendirikan organisasi/partai politik, oposisi, kebebasan berbicara, supermasi hukum, hak-hak sipil dan minoritas mutlak merupakan bagian dari demokrasi perwakilan. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 242, "width": 153, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Prinsip-prinsip Demokrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 257, "width": 362, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada beberapa macam prinsip dan asas demokrasi yang dikemukakan oleh para ahli. Menurut Abdillah, prinsip-prinsip demokrasi terdiri dari:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 304, "width": 347, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Persamaan. Memberi penegasan bahwa setiap warga negara (rakyat biasa atau pejabat), mempunyai persamaan kesempatan dan kesamaan kedudukan di muka hukum dan pemerintahan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 351, "width": 347, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kebebasan , Menegaskan bahwa setiap individu warga negara atau rakyat, memilik kebebasan menyampaikan pendapat dan membentuk perserikatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 399, "width": 348, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pluralisme, Memberikan penegasan dan pengakuan bahwa keragaman budaya, bahasa, etnis, agama dan pemikiran atau lainnya, merupakan conditio sain qua non (sesuatu yang tidak bisa terelakkan). 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 477, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Kencana, dalam demokrasi harus terdapat prinsip-prinsip pembagian kekuasaan, pemilihan umum (general election), manajemen pemerintahan yang terbuka, kebebasan individu, peradilan yang bebas, pengakuan hak minoritas, pemerintahan yang berdasarkan hukum, pers yang bebas, multi partai, musyawarah, persetujuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 578, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Hasan Sadiliy dkk., Ensiklopedi Indonesia, (Jakarta: Pt. Ichtiar van Hoeve, t.th.), edisi khusus, jilid II, h. 85.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 92, "top": 601, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Masykuri Abdillah, Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna..., h. 111-142.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "130 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "parlemen, pemerintahan yang konstitusional, ketentuan pendukung tentang sistem demokrasi, pengawasan terhadap administrasi publik, perlindungan HAM, pemerintahan yang bersih, persaingan keahlian, mekanisme politik, kebijakan negara yang berkeadilan, pemerintahan yang mengutamakan tanggungjawab. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 151, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara menurut Marzuki Wahid, ada beberapa prinsip yang harus ada bagi kehidupan berdemokrasi antara lain prinsip kesatuan umat, prinsip kebersamaan dan solidaritas sosial, prinsip perlindungan dan pembelaan terhadap kaum yang lemah, prinsip perdamaian dan keadilan social, prinsip kebebasan beragama, prinsip musyawarah atau kebebasan berserikat. Prinsip menjunjung tinggi HAM, prinsip Nasionalisme, prinsip persamaan di depan hukum, dan prinsip ekuilitas sosial. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 289, "width": 129, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Konsep Siyasah Islam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 304, "width": 362, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di kalangan umat Islam ada pendapat bahwa Islam adalah agama yang komprehensif, lengkap dan sempurna sebagai sebuah system kehidupan. Islam tidak hanya berisikan tuntunan moral, tetapi juga system politik termasuk bentuk dan ciri-cirinya. Pendapat ini antara lain dianut oleh Rasyid Rida, Hasan al-Bana, Sayid Qutub dan al-Maududi. 18 Al-Nabhani mengatakan bahwa Islam memiliki sistem pemerintahan yang sama sekali berbeda dengan sistem-sistem pemerintahan yang ada di dunia, baik dari segi asas berdirinya, pemikiran, standar dan aspek hukum-hukum yang dipergunakan untuk melayani kepentingan masyarakat maupun dari aspek undang-undang dasarnya, ataupun dari aspek bentuk yang menggambarkan wujud negara Islam. 19 Bentuk pemerintahan Islam bukan pemerintahan monarki, bukan pemerintahan republik, bukan pemerintahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 532, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Inu Kencana Syafe’i, Ilmu Pemerintahan, (Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 543, "width": 362, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Beni Ahmad Saebani, Fiqh Siyasah: Pengantar Ilmu Politik Islam, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2008), h. 135.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 566, "width": 362, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Suyuti Pulungan, Fiqh Siyasah: Ajaran, Sejarah dan Pemikiran, (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002), Cet. ke- 5,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 589, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Abdul Qadim Zallum, Sistem Pemerintahan Islam, (Bandung: Mizan, 2002), Cet. ke-6, h. 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dinasti/kekaisaran, juga bukan pemerintahan federasi, bentuk pemerintahan Islam adalah pemerintahan khilafah, 20 yang ditegakkan di atas empat pilar berikut ini: (1) kedaulatan di tangan rakyat, (2) kekuasaan milik umat, (3) baiat yang wajib bagi seluruh kaum muslimin, (4) hanya khalifah yang berhak melakukan tabanni (adopsi) terhadap hukum-hukum syara. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 167, "width": 362, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di sisi lain, terdapat sekelompok orang yang berpendapat bahwa Islam tidak menentukan sistem dan bentuk pemerintahan yang harus diikuti umat. Pendukung kelompok ini antara lain M. Abduh, Ibnu Taimiyah dan Husein Haikal. Islam dalam pemahaman Abduh tidak menetapkan suatu sistem atau bentuk pemerintahan, pilihan diserahkan kepada perkembangan berpikir umat. Ibnu Taimiyah berpendapat bahwa disesuaikan dengan kehendak umat melalui ijtihad dan tidak berdasarkan kepada sistem syariat yang kaku dan tegas. Sedangkan menurut Haikal, Islam sebenarnya tidak menetapkan sistem tertentu bagi pemerintahan, akan tetapi ia menetapkan kaidah-kaidah atau prinsip muamalah dalam kehidupan antar manusia yang menjadi dasar untuk menetapkan sistem pemerintahan yang berkembang sepanjang sejarah. 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 371, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal yang sama juga ditegaskan oleh Muhammad Izzat Darwazah. Menurutnya, tidak ada ayat dalam Alquran yang menyebutkan bentuk negara dalam Islam. Karena itu, bentuk negara dalam Islam berkembang sesuai kondisi zaman dan tempat semenjak zaman Nabi Muhammad hingga zaman sekarang. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 450, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bila diperhatikan sumber ajaran Islam, memang tidak ada aturan yang jelas dalam Alquran maupun hadis yang menyebutkan bentuk dan sistem negara yang harus dijalankan masyarakat muslim, termasuk aturan bagaimana mekanisme kekuasaan yang ada, apakah mesti ada pemisahan (separation of power) , pembagian (distribution of power) atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 555, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Abdul Qadim Zallum, Sistem Pemerintahan... h. 26-30.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 100, "top": 566, "width": 234, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Abdul Qadim Zallum, Sistem Pemerintahan... h. 39-45.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 578, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Suyuti Pulungan, Fiqh Siyasah…, h. 282, 296.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 589, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Mudhofir Abdullah, Masail al-Fiqhiyyah: Isu-isu Fikih Kontemporer,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 603, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Yogyakarta: Teras, 2011), h. 131.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "132 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyatuan kekuasaan (integration of power) antara kekuasaan legislatif, eksekutif dan yudikatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 104, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun demikian, baik Alquran maupun hadis memberikan petunjuk berupa prinsip-prinsip dasar yang bersifat umum tentang sistem pemerintahan. Dengan merujuk sejumlah ayat yang menjadi dasar pandangan syariat tentang kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, dapat dikemukakan beberapa prinsip siyasah Islam sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 183, "width": 347, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Prinsip kesatuan umat manusia (QS. al- Baqarah [2]: 214; QS. al- Hujurat [49]: 13)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 214, "width": 347, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Prinsip Penegakan Hukum dan Keadilan (QS. al-Nisâ’[4]: 58, 105 dan135; QS. al-Mâ’idah [5]: 6)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 246, "width": 347, "height": 46, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Prinsip Pengangkatan dan Ketaatan kepada Pemimpin (QS. Ali Imran [3]: 118; QS. al- Nisa’ [4]: 59; QS. al-Syu`arâ’[26]: 150-152, al- Qashash [28]: 26)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 293, "width": 335, "height": 46, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Prinsip Musyawarah (QS. Ali Imran [3]: 159; QS. al-Syûrâ [42]: 38) 5. Prinsip persamaan (QS. Nisâ’[4]: 1; QS. al-Hujurât [49]: 13) 6. Prinsip hubungan antar tetangga (QS. Nisâ’[4]: 2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 340, "width": 347, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Prinsip tolong-menolong (QS. al-Maidah [5]: 2; al-Taubah [9]: 11; al- Balad [90]: 12-16; al- Mâ`ûn [107]: 1-3)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 371, "width": 347, "height": 63, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Prinsip perdamaian dan perperangan atau hubungan internasional (QS. al-Nisa/4: 89- 90; al-Anfal [8]: 61; al-Hujurat [49]: 9, al- Mumtahanah [60]: 8; al-Baqarah [2]: 190, 193, 216; al-Taubah [8]: 12) 9. Prinsip Administrasi (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 282-283)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 434, "width": 347, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10.Prinsip HAM: hak hidup (QS. al-Isrâ’[17]: 33), hak milik pribadi (QS. al-Baqarah [2]: 188; al-Nisâ’[4]: 29, 32), hak atas penghormatan pribadi (QS. al-Nûr [24]: 27; al-Hujurât [49]: 11-12), Hak berpendapat dan berserikat (QS. al-Nisâ [4]: 59; Ali Imran [3]: 103; al-Ashr [103]: 3), hak pembelaan diri dan persamaan di depan hukum (QS. al-Nisâ’ [4]: 58; al-Syûrâ [42]: 41)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 529, "width": 347, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11.Prinsip amar makruf nahi munkar atau oposisi (QS. Ali Imran [3]:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 198, "top": 544, "width": 19, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "110.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 576, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di samping ayat-ayat Alquran, juga terdapat sejumlah hadis yang dikategorikan sebagai dasar dan prinsip syariat Islam tentang kehidupan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "133", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bermasyarakat dan bernegara. Merujuk kepada sejumlah hadis nabi, dapat disarikan poin-poin terkait ajaran politik Islam sebagaimana berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 120, "width": 332, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Prinsip kebutuhan akan pemimpin (HR. Abu Daud, HR. Ahmad)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 136, "width": 333, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Prinsip tanggungjawab seorang pemimpin (HR. Muttafaq `Alaih)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 151, "width": 321, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Prinsip hubungan pemimpin dan yang dipimpin (HR. Ahmad)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 167, "width": 256, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Prinsip ketaatan kepada pemimpin (HR. Bukhari)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 183, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Prinsip tolong menolong (HR. Abu Daud)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 198, "width": 347, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Prinsip kebebasan berpendapat (HR. Ahmad, HR. Ahli Sunan, HR. Muslim)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 230, "width": 256, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Prinsip persamaan di depan hukum (HR.Ahmad)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 246, "width": 269, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Prinsip dalam mengangkat pemimpin (HR. Ahmad)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 261, "width": 185, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Prinsip musyawarah (HR. Muslim)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 277, "width": 197, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Prinsip persaudaraan (HR. Bukhari).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 309, "width": 275, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Perbandingan antara Konsep Islam dan Demokrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 324, "width": 361, "height": 62, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada uraian di atas, sudah banyak menggambarkan persamaan dan perbedaan antara teori politik Islam dan demokrasi. Namun, untuk memperlihat secara lebih jelas dan rinci hal tersebut, berikut ini dibahas beberapa aspek yang sangat mendasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 399, "width": 269, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Titik Pertemuan atau persamaan antara Keduanya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 414, "width": 362, "height": 109, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari berbagai definisi demokrasi, ada satu kesamaan yaitu bahwa istilah demokrasi berkaitan dengan kekuasaan mayoritas, suara rakyat, pemilihan yang bebas dan bertanggung jawab. Pengertian ini lebih bersifat pragmatis dibanding pemahaman yang ada pada masa kelahirannya, masa renaissance, yaitu bahwa demokrasi adalah ide kedaulatan rakyat sebagai lawan kedaulatan Tuhan (teokrasi) dan sebagai lawan kedaulatan monarki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 524, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, dalam perjalanan selanjutnya istilah demokrasi tidak lagi dianggap hanya sebagai metode kekuasaan mayoritas melalui partisipasi rakyat dan kompetisi bebas, tetapi juga mengimplikasikan nilai-nilai dan prinsip-prinsip yang diperjuangkan untuk kebebasan dan jalan hidup yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "134 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 93, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melihat persesuaian antara Islam dan demokrasi, penulis mengacu kepada teori yang kemukakan Masykuri Abdillah tentang prinsip atau asas demokrasi. Demokrasi mengandung nilai-nilai universal, yakni nilai-nilai persamaan (al-musâwah, egaliter), kebebasan (al-hurriyah, liberalism) dan kemajemukan (al-musyârakat, pluralism). 24 a) Kesetaraan (al-musâwah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 167, "width": 362, "height": 172, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip persamaan muncul untuk menentang sistem dominasi kekuasaan yang dilakukan aristokrasi atau oligarki serta perlawanan terhadap hierarki dan diskriminasi sosial. Asas ini adalah salah satu dari tiga nilai yang dituntut oleh Revolusi Prancis di samping kemerdekaan dan persaudaraan. Dalam konsep modern, yang dimaksud prinsip persamaan adalah kesamaan dalam kesempatan (equality of opportunity), yakni kesamaan dengan cara menghapus hambatan yang bisa menghalangi individu dalam mewujudkan potensinya, dengan menghapus hukum dan hak-hak istimewa lain yang tidak dibenarkan, yang hanya menyediakan posisi-posisi sosial, ekonomi dan politik bagi kelas, ras atau seks tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 339, "width": 362, "height": 172, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Islam, prinsip ini merujuk pada QS. al-Hujurat [49] ayat 13: “Kami ciptakan kamu dari laki-laki dan perempuan, dan membuatmu berbangsa dan bersuku-suku agar saling kenal. Yang paling mulia di antara kamu adalah yang paling taqwa”. Ayat ini secara gamblang mendeskripsikan proses kejadian manusia. Dalam ayat tersebut dijelaskan bahwa Allah menciptakan manusia dari pasangan laki-laki dan perempuan. Kemudian dari pasangan tersebut lahir pasangan-pasangan lainnya. Dengan demikian, pada hakikatnya, manusia itu adalah “satu keluarga”. Proses penciptaan yang “seragam” itu merupakan bukti bahwa pada dasarnya semua manusia adalah sama. Karena itu, manusia memiliki kedudukan yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 511, "width": 362, "height": 63, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Alquran ada sejumlah ayat yang juga menjelaskan persamaan antar manusia, seperti QS. 4: 1, QS. 7: 189, QS. 39: 6, QS. 35: 11 dan QS. 40: 67. Ayat-ayat itu pada pokoknya hendak menjelaskan bahwa dari segi hakikat penciptaan, antara manusia yang satu dan manusia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 601, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Mudhofir Abdullah, Masail al- Fiqhiyyah…, h.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "135", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 93, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lainnya tidak ada perbedaan. Mereka semua sama, dari asal kejadian yang sama, yaitu dari tanah, dari diri yang satu, yakni Adam yang diciptakan dari tanah. Karena itu, tidak ada kelebihan seorang individu atas individu lainnya. Karena asal-usul kejadian manusia seluruhnya adalah sama. Oleh sebab itu, tidak layak seseorang atau satu golongan menyombongkan diri terhadap yang lain atau menghina yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 167, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip persamaan antar manusia ini juga dijelaskan dalam hadis Nabi, antara lain sabda berikut: “Tidak ada kelebihan orang Arab atas nonarab, kulit putih atas kulit hitam, kecuali taqwanya” (HR. Bukhari). Islam mengakui bahwa manusia terdiri berbagai suku, ras, agama, bangsa, tetapi pada dasarnya mempunyai kedudukan sama atau setara (egaliter). Ketidaksamaan hanya dilihat dari segi kualitas moralitas mereka, dan itu pun hanya berlaku di hadapan Tuhan. Jadi, menurut Islam seseorang tidak dapat memberlakukan orang lain secara diskriminatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 293, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disamping itu, dalam praktek pemerintahan Nabi saw di Madinah, egaliterianisme juga terefleksi dalam Piagam Madinah. Piagam yang dibuat Rasulullah ini memberikan pengakuan atas semua anggota masyarakat tanpa memandang latar belakang sosial dan agama mereka sebagaimana yang termaktub dalam Piagam Madinah, menyatakan bahwa ajaran Islam yang sentral, formal dan murni adalah egaliter. Egalitarianisme Islam ini dalam pengertiannya yang luas berkaitan dengan masalah sosial, ekonomi, hukum dan politik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 419, "width": 146, "height": 15, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Kebebasan (al-Hurriyah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 434, "width": 362, "height": 172, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebebasan adalah salah satu syarat untuk mewujudkan demokrasi tetapi tidak semua bentuk kebebasan menunjukkan makna demokrasi. Menurut Norman, kebebasan yang dimaksud hanya menunjuk pada kebebasan politik yang berkaitan dengan demokrasi, yakni yang mencakup kebebasan bersuara, berpartisipasi dalam politik dan mempengaruhi pemerintahan. Sebuah sistem yang demokratis harus memberikan pengakuan atas kebebasan masyarakat untuk berkumpul, mengomunikasikan ide dan berbeda dengan pemerintah. Dalam Islam, kebebasan ini meliputi kebebasan beragama dan kebebasan berpikir. Kebebasan beragama adalah kebebasan paling fundamental dalam urusan sosio-politik kehidupan manusia. Ajaran agama yang merupakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "136 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ajaran paling benar ternyata tidak dipaksakan. Rasul saw sendiri selalu diingatkan bahwa tugasnya hanya menyampaikan pesan Tuhan, tidak berhak memaksa seseorang untuk beriman dan mengikutinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 120, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip kebebasan dalam Islam disebut berulang kali dalam Alquran dalam berbagai konteks. Misalnya dalam konteks kebebasan beragama, antara lain pada QS. al-Baqarah ayat 256: “Tidak ada paksaan untuk (memasuki) agama Islam”; pada QS. al-Kahfi ayat 29: “Kebenaran itu dari Tuhanmu. Siapa yang ingin silakan beriman, siapa yang ingin silakan kafir.”; pada QS. al- Ghâsyiyah ayat 21-22: “Berilah peringatan, karena kamu hanya orang yang memberi peringatan. Kamu bukan orang yang berkuasa (memaksa) atas mereka”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 246, "width": 361, "height": 62, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks kebebasan beragama ini, ada persoalan tentang orang Islam yang pindah agama (murtad). Menurut kajian fikih klasik, orang murtad harus dihukum mati berdasarkan hadis: “Siapa yang pindah agama, bunuhlah ia” (HR. Baihaqi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 308, "width": 362, "height": 251, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh lain tentang kebebasan dalam Islam adalah dalam konteks kebebasan berpikir, sebagaimana dilihat dari banyaknya ayat antara lain: “Sungguh (terdapat) tanda-tanda (keesaan dan kebesaran Allah) bagi kaum yang memikirkan” (QS. 2: 164), “Sesungguhnya pada yang demikian itu terdapat tanda-tanda (kebesaran Allah) bagi kaum yang berpikir” (QS. 13: 4), “Demikianlah Kami menjelaskan tanda-tanda kekuasaan (Kami) kepada orang-orang berfikir.” (QS. 13: 3) dan “Apakah (mereka lalai) dan tidak memikirkan” (QS. 7: 184). Ayat-ayat ini menyuruh manusia untuk berpikir yang berarti juga memberikan kebebasan berpikir. Namun, kebebasan ini mempunyai batas-batas tertentu, seperti kebebasan tersebut tidak mengganggu ketertiban umum dan didasarkan atas tanggung jawab. Dengan kata lain, kebebasan berpikir harus dipahami dalam pengertian yang positif. Kaidah usul fikih menyatakan: hurriyat al-mar`i mahdûdah bi hurriyat siwahu (kebebasan individu dibatasi oleh kebebasan orang lain). Prinsip ini juga berlaku dalam soal berpendapat dan bertindak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 560, "width": 72, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Pluralisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 575, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pluralisme adalah toleransi keberagaman kelompok etnis dan budaya dalam suatu masyarakat atau negara, keberagaman agama atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 62, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sikap yang ada dalam sebuah badan atau institusi dan sebagainya. Pluralisme merujuk pada masyarakat plural yang penduduknya terdiri atas berbagai suku, etnis, ras dan agama, di mana beberapa faktor ini terkadang menyatu dan cenderung mendorong terjadi konflik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 136, "width": 362, "height": 187, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Islam, pluralisme merupakan hukum alam (sunnatullah) yang tidak akan berubah dan tidak bisa ditolak. Secara jelas Alquran menyatakan bahwa manusia memang diciptakan dalam berbagai bangsa dan suku (QS. al-Hujurât:13). Karena itu, pluralisme harus diterima sebagai kenyataan yang mesti dihargai dan dipandang secara optimis dan positif sebagai salah satu tanda-tanda kekuasaan Tuhan (QS. al-Rûm: 22). Bahkan, Alquran menyatakan bahwa perbedaan pandangan tidak harus ditakuti atau ditiadakan tetapi justru harus dijadikan titik tolak untuk berkompetisi menuju kebaikan (QS. al-Mâ’idah: 48). Untuk menegakkan dan melindungi prinsip pluralisme ini, diperlukan adanya nilai-nilai toleransi. Dalam Islam, persoalan ini banyak disinggung Alquran, seperti QS. al-Baqarah [2] ayat 62:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 326, "height": 76, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Sesungguhnya orang-orang mukmin, orang-orang Yahudi, orang-orang Nasrani dan orang-orang Shâbi’în, siapa saja diantara mereka yang benar-benar beriman kepada Allah, hari kemudian dan beramal saleh, mereka akan menerima pahala dari Tuhan mereka, tidak ada kekhawatiran kepada mereka, dan tidak (pula) mereka bersedih hati.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 413, "width": 361, "height": 62, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam ayat di atas, meski diakui bahwa Islam agama paling benar, tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan pengikut agama lain untuk masuk surga. Atau dapat pula dipahami bahwa dalam ayat itu ada ajaran untuk menghargai orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 475, "width": 361, "height": 31, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip yang sama juga ditemukan dalam ayat yang lain, QS. Saba’ ayat 24-26:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 506, "width": 326, "height": 92, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Siapakah yang memberi rezeki kepadamu dari langit dan dari bumi?” Katakanlah: “Allah”, dan sesungguhnya kami atau kamu (orang-orang musyrik), pasti berada dalam kebenaran atau dalam kesesatan yang nyata. Katakanlah: “Kamu tidak akan ditanya (bertanggung jawab) tentang dosa yang kami perbuat dan kami tidak akan ditanya (pula) tentang apa yang kamu perbuat”. Katakanlah: “Tuhan kita akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "138 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 192, "top": 72, "width": 326, "height": 46, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengumpulkan kita semua, kemudian Dia memberi keputusan antara kita dengan benar. Dan Dia-lah Maha Pemberi Keputusan lagi Maha Mengetahui”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 130, "width": 362, "height": 94, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Quraish Shihab, dalam ayat ini Rasul idak diperintah untuk mengungkap keyakinannya. Sebaliknya, ayat ini mengandung pengertian, kemungkinan kita yang berada dalam kebenaran atau kemungkinan kamu yang berada dalam kebenaran. Bisa juga mungkin kamu yang salah atau kita yang salah. Kita serahkan pada Tuhan untuk memutuskannya. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 225, "width": 362, "height": 62, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada intinya, dari kedua ayat di atas mengindikasikan dua hal. Pertama , mengindikasikan pengakuan akan adanya keragaman keyakinan atau agama (religious diversities). Kedua , menekankan pesan untuk sikap menghargai dan toleransi terhadap keyakinan atau agama yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 303, "width": 212, "height": 15, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Titik-titik Perbedaan antara Keduanya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 319, "width": 362, "height": 109, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun Islam mengandung nilai-nilai seperti yang ada dalam demokrasi tetapi bukan berarti Islam tidak mengandung nilai lain yang berbeda dengan demokrasi. Islam juga mempunyai nilai-nilai lain yang tidak sejalan atau bahkan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai demokrasi. Mengacu kepada teori yang dikemukakan oleh A. Khudori Soleh, nilai- nilai tersebut antara lain konsep syûrâ (musyawarah), imâmah (kepemimpinan), perbedaan gender dan ahl al-dzimmi (non muslim). 26", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 429, "width": 122, "height": 15, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Syûrâ (musyawarah)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 444, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep syûrâ yang diterjemahkan dengan musyawarah biasanya ditunjukkan oleh sebagian intelektual muslim sebagai salah satu prinsip yang sejalan dengan demokrasi. Demokrasi memakai asas musyawarah untuk menentukan keputusan dan Islam juga menggunakannya yang disebut syûrâ. Mereka yang menyatakan ini berdasarkan atas keputusan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 566, "width": 361, "height": 46, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Quraish Shihab, “Agama dalam Absolutisme dan Relativisme”, dalam Nourruzzaman Shiddiqi, Etika Pembangunan dalam Pemikiran Islam, (Jakarta, Rajawali Press, 1986), h. 221-222 26 A. Khudori Soleh, “Islam tidak Sama…”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasul yang diambil saat perang Uhud dimana saat itu Rasul mengikuti suara mayoritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 104, "width": 362, "height": 298, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akan tetapi, jika dicermati secara serius, syûrâ sebenarnya tetap berbeda dengan musyawarah, meski ia juga memperhatikan suara mayoritas. Seperti ditulis al-Nahwi, syûrâ dalam Islam: (1) didasarkan atas keimanan kepada Tuhan bahwa musyawarah dilakukan demi melaksanakan perintah agama (ibadah), bukan sekedar atas dasar bahwa itu adalah yang terbaik; (2) Standar atau ukuran kebenaran yang dihasilkan syûrâ bukan didasarkan atas suara mayoritas atau minoritas melainkan nas Alquran dan Sunah.Karena itu, apa pun hasil syura tetap berada di bawah aturan hukum Tuhan dan sama sekali tidak bisa mengubah apalagi melawan aturan- Nya. Misalnya, hasil syûrâ tetap tidak bisa mengubah judi menjadi halal atau perzinaan menjadi tidak terlarang meski didukung suara mayoritas; (3) Jika tidak ada nas yang jelas yang dipakai standar, kebenaran syûrâ didasarkan kemaslahatan yang lebih dekat dengan maksud teks atau kepentingan masyarakat. Ini terlihat dari keputusan yang diambil Rasul dalam perang Uhud, yakni bahwa Rasul tidak melakukannya berdasarkan kekuatan dan kepentingan mayoritas tetapi semata demi kebaikan bersama, kebaikan rakyat Madinah, sehingga keputusan yang diambil tidak merupakan kemenangan golongan tertentu tetapi kemenangan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 403, "width": 362, "height": 109, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep syûrâ tersebut jelas berbeda dengan prinsip demokrasi di mana keputusan dalam demokrasi diambil berdasarkan suara mayoritas. Dalam demokrasi, persoalan mayoritas-monoritas adalah prinsip utama dan di sinilah diletakkan sebuah kebenaran. Keputusan dinilai benar jika didukung suara mayoritas atau paling tidak lebih dari separoh. Akibatnya, muncul apa yang disebut diskriminasi minoritas dan dominasi mayoritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 513, "width": 361, "height": 93, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, dalam demokrasi dikenal juga dengan istilah oposisi yang dilakukan kaum minoritas atau pihak yang kalah. Oposisi bertindak untuk mengontrol kekuasaan yang berada di tangan mayoritas atau mengorek kesalahan mayoritas, sehingga terjadi ketegangan dan persaingan terus menerus antara mayoritas dan minoritas, antara penguasa dan oposisi. Sebaliknya, dalam Islam tidak dikenal oposan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "140 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tetapi semua berjalan atas dasar persaudaraan dan kepentingan bersama, bukan kepentingan golongan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 104, "width": 147, "height": 15, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Imamah (kepemimpinan)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 119, "width": 362, "height": 157, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam memberikan perhatian cukup atas persoalan imamah (kepemimpinan) ini. Sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan Muslim menyatakan, “al- Aimmah min Quraisy” (Kepemimpinan adalah hak dari orang-orang Quraisy). Artinya, kepemimpinan umat tidak menjadi hak semua orang melainkan hak orang-orang tertentu, yakni kalangan Quraisy, kalangan keluarga Rasul saw. Al-Nawawi yang menulis Syarh Shahîh Muslim menyatakan bahwa hadis ini tidak merujuk pada golongan tertentu seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam teks tetapi lebih merupakan persyaratan kualitas. Yakni, seorang pemimpin harus mempunyai kualitas tertentu, khususnya kualitas spiritual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 277, "width": 362, "height": 125, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, mazhab Syiah menyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan Rasul atas umat Islam tidak bisa diganti oleh siapa pun kecuali orang tertentu yang mempunyai kualitas ruhaniyah (spiritual) dan ditunjuk dari langit. Orang-orang tersebut adalah imam-imam tertentu sebagaimana yang diikuti dan diakui kaum Syi`ah. Terlepas dari perdebatan itu, di sini tampak ada kesepakatan tentang persyaratan superioritas tertentu dalam soal kepemimpinan umat Islam, yakni kepemimpinan umat harus mempunyai kualitas ruhaniyah yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 402, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ini jelas berbeda dengan prinsip demokrasi dimana seorang pemimpin lebih didasarkan atas suara terbanyak. Model ini bisa mendorong tampilnya pemimpin yang dipilih atas dasar popularitas dan bukan kualitas, apalagi kualitas spiritual. Padahal, tidak ada jaminan bahwa orang yang populer adalah yang terbaik, bahkan bisa sebaliknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 481, "width": 112, "height": 15, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Perbedaan Gender", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 496, "width": 362, "height": 94, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persoalan pembedaan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam Islam jelas ada. Posisi wanita Islam secara hukum bukan tidak menguntungkan tetapi dalam beberapa hal memang berada di bawah laki-laki. Mereka mempunyai sedikit hak dan kewajiban menurut sudut pandang keagamaan, misalnya tentang tebusan darah (diyat), persaksian dan warisan, hak wanita diperhitungkan setengah dari laki-laki. Begitu pula", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tentang perkawinan dan perceraian, status wanita kurang beruntung dibanding laki-laki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 104, "width": 362, "height": 219, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekedar memberikan beberapa bukti dan contoh, QS. al-Baqarah ayat 282 tentang persaksian menyatakan: “Persaksikanlah dengan dua orang laki-laki di antara kamu. Jika tidak ada dua orang laki-laki, boleh seorang laki-laki ditambah dua orang perempuan dari saksi yang kamu pilih”. Sementara itu, QS. al-Nisâ’ ayat 11 menyatakan bahwa pembagian waris untuk wanita adalah separoh laki-laki: “Allah mensyariatkan bagimu tentang warisan untuk anak-anakmu, bahwa bagian seorang laki- laki sama dengan bagian dua orang anak perempuan”. Sementara itu, dalam soal poligami dikatakan: “maka kawinilah wanita-wanita yang kamu senangi: dua, tiga atau empat” (QS. al-Nisâ’: 3). Dengan demikian, perbandingan antara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam Islam adalah 1:2 dalam persaksian dan waris, dan 1:4 dalam hukum poligami. Karena itu, perbedaan gender ini tidak sama dengan nilai-nilai egalitarian demokrasi yang tidak melihat perbedaan laki-laki dan perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 324, "width": 94, "height": 15, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Ahl al-Dzimmi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 339, "width": 362, "height": 157, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persoalan lain yang berbeda dengan nilai demokrasi adalah konsep ahl al-dzimmi yang menempatkan posisi masyarakat non-muslim sebagai kelas dua dalam negara. Di Indonesia, persoalan ini menjadi perdebatan sengit. Setidaknya ada tiga kelompok pemikiran yang berbeda dalam menanggapi persoalan ini; (1) mereka yang masih mempertahankan konsep dzimmi dan harbi tetapi mendukung perlindungan dan jaminan sepenuhnya pada hak-hak dzimmi; (2) mereka yang menolak konsep ini untuk menghindari diskriminasi terhadap warga negara; (3) mereka yang menolak konsep ini tetapi masih mempertahankan posisi tertentu (kepala negara) untuk orang Islam. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 497, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uraian di atas, dapat ditegaskan bahwa terdapat beberapa aspek atau prinsip yang membedakan antara Islam dan demokrasi. Pada prinsip pertama soal syûrâ, berbeda dengan demokrasi yang lebih melihat aspek sistem dan aturan formal mencapai tujuan. Syûrâ lebih menekankan aspek makna dan kebenaran yang hendak dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 601, "width": 275, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Masykuri Abdillah, Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna..., h. 119.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "142 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 78, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagamana pun baiknya aturan dan sistem yang dipakai, dengan voting atau musyawarah, tetapi jika hasilnya tidak sesuai dengan norma agama atau kemaslahatan bersama, dianggap tidak berarti. Berdasarkan hal itu, syûrâ akan menepis munculnya kelompok-kelompok mayoritas- minoritas, karena ia memang tidak mempersoalkan masalah itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 151, "width": 362, "height": 188, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prinsip kedua soal imâmah. Dalam Islam, pemimpin tidak hanya pemegang kekuasaan tetapi juga penerima amanat untuk membawa rakyat kepada kebahagiaan dunia dan akhirat. Karena itu, pemimpin juga bertugas memberikan pandangan hidup keagamaan kepada rakyat agar dapat mencapai tujuan tersebut, tidak hanya memberikan kebebasan dan kesempatan pada rakyat untuk mengembangkan potensi masing-masing. Tanpa bimbingan dan contoh yang baik dari pimpinan, masyarakat tidak akan mudah mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Begitu pula yang terjadi dalam prinsip ketiga dan keempat. Dalam persoalan gender, Islam memang membedakannya. Paling tidak, itu yang dapat dipahami secara tekstual dari nas dan apa yang ditulis dalam fikih klasik. Hal yang sama juga terjadi pada masalah dzimmi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 352, "width": 267, "height": 15, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Respons Intelektual Muslim terhadap Demokrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 367, "width": 362, "height": 94, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemaparan dalam hal ini penulis batasi pada tokoh muslim Indonesia. Para intelektual muslim di Indonesia, menurut Khudari Soleh, memberikan pandangan yang bervariasi dalam masalah demokrasi. Ada yang menolak demokrasi, ada yang menerima dalam hal-hal tertentu dan menerima secara penuh bahkan menyatakan bahwa demokrasi sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 461, "width": 362, "height": 141, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di antara kelompok yang menolak, salah satunya adalah Jalaluddin Rakhmad. Menurutnya, politik Islam tidak bisa dibandingkan dengan demokrasi karena dua hal: (1) demokrasi adalah sistem politik sekuler yang kedaulatannya berada di tangan rakyat sedang kedaulatan dalam Islam berada di tangan Tuhan. Suara mayoritas dalam demokrasi tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengubah syariat. (2) Dalam prakteknya, suara rakyat yang merupakan perwujudan demokrasi bisa dimanipulasi lewat ancaman atau rayuan. Karena itu, Islam tidak perlu menggunakan konsep demokrasi untuk mengimplementasikan ajarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 188, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tokoh lain yang menolak demokrasi adalah M. Thahir Azhari. Menurutnya, tidak jauh berbeda dengan Jalal, sistem politik Islam yang esensial bukan demokrasi, bukan pula teokrasi, melainkan “nomokrasi”, yakni bahwa kedaulatan didasarkan atas hukum yang berasal dari Tuhan. Kedaulatan rakyat seperti dalam demokrasi bisa dibenarkan selama tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Alquran dan Sunah. Pandangannya ini sejalan dengan Fauzi M. Najjar. Menurutnya, umat mempunyai hak untuk berpartisipasi dalam kehidupan politik dan membuat keputusan-keputusan politik dan teologis, tetapi semuanya hanya bisa dijalankan dalam kerangka syariat. Masyarakat Islam tidak dibenarkan mengeluarkan undang-undang apa pun yang bertentangan dengan ketentuan Tuhan. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 261, "width": 362, "height": 141, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara pandangan yang menerima demokrasi dalam hal-hal tertentu, antara lain disampaikan oleh M. Natsir. Ia menerima prinsip demokrasi (syura) hanya dalam hal-hal yang tidak disebutkan secara spesifik dalam syariah sehingga tidak ada keputusan demokratis, misalnya pada soal larangan judi dan zina. Menurut Natsir, Islam tidak secara langsung identik dengan demokrasi. Islam mempunyai konsep dan karakteristik tersendiri, begitu pula demokrasi. Islam adalah Islam dan demokrasi adalah demokrasi, hanya pada beberapa bagian mungkin bisa bertemu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 403, "width": 362, "height": 141, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pernyataan yang sama juga disampaikan Nurcholish Madjid. Pemikirannya yang paling menggegerkan khalayak, terutama para aktivis gerakan Islam, adalah ia melontarkan pernyataan “Islam yes, partai Islam no”. Nurcholish ketika itu menganggap partai-partai Islam sudah menjadi “Tuhan” baru bagi orang-orang Islam. Partai atau organisasi Islam dianggap sakral dan orang Islam yang tak memilih partai Islam dalam pemilu dituding melakukan dosa besar. 29 Hal ini dikarenakan menurut pendapatnya bahwa nilai-nilai Islam tidak sejalan dengan demokrasi secara utuh, bahkan ada yang bertentangan dengannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 578, "width": 275, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Masykuri Abdillah, Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna..., h. 119.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 589, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Nurcholis Madjid, Membangun Oposisi Menjaga Momentum Demokrasi, Jakarta: Voice Centre Indonesia. 2000.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "144 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 329, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, beberapa bagian darinya memang ada yang berkesesuaian. 30 Adapun pendapat kalangan yang menerima secara penuh, salah satu di antaranya, diberikan oleh Amin Rais. Amin Rais menerima demokrasi dengan tiga alasan utama: (1) Alquran memerintahkan umat Islam untuk melakukan musyawarah dalam menyelesaikan masalahnya sendiri dan demokrasi menggunakan asas ini dalam operasionalisasinya; (2) Secara historis, Rasul saw menerapkan musyawarah dengan para sahabat dalam menyelesaikan masalah mereka; (3) Secara rasional, ketika umat Islam diperintah untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah mereka menunjukkan bahwa sistem yang demokratis adalah bentuk tertinggi mengenai sistem politik dalam sejarah umat manusia. Berdasarkan alasan ini, Amin berpendapat bahwa demokrasi paling sesuai dengan semangat dan substansi Alquran dan Sunah. Pernyataan Amin tersebut tidak berbeda dengan hasil analisis Huntington bahwa secara doktrinal, memang ada kesesuaian antara Islam dengan demokrasi. Menurutnya, Islam menempatkan masalah egalitarianism dan voluntarism sebagai tema pokoknya. Bentuk high culture Islam yang diikuti dengan sejumlah keistimewaan seperti unitarianism, individualism, skripturalism, puritanism, egalitarian, semuanya sebangun dengan tuntutan modernitas dan modernisasi dan semua nilai tersebut sebangun dengan tuntutan demokrasi. 31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 419, "width": 72, "height": 15, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 434, "width": 362, "height": 141, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, tampak bahwa demokrasi mempunyai dua aspek, (1) sebagai sebuah sistem dan bentuk negara, (2) sebagai nilai- nilai universal yang diperjuangkan demi harkat kemanusiaan. Pada aspek yang pertama, sebagai sebuah sistem dan bentuk negara, demokrasi tidak bisa bertemu dengan konsep Islam, karena Islam sendiri ternyata tidak berbicara tentang sistem dan bentuk tertentu sebuah negara. Islam lebih merupakan sebuah agama dan aturan hidup bermasyarakat, tidak berbicara tentang sistem, apalagi bentuk sebuah negara. Pada aspek kedua, sebagai nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang harus di perjuangkan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 589, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 A. Khudori Soleh, “Islam tidak Sama…”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 601, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31 A. Khudori Soleh, “Islam tidak Sama...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 623, "width": 178, "height": 12, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demokrasi Dalam Teori Politik Islam, Zulhamdi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 404, "top": 620, "width": 21, "height": 16, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 219, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "demokrasi bisa sejalan dengan ajaran Islam, sebab prinsip-prinsip nilai yang dibawa demokrasi, yakni nilai egalitarianisme (almusâwah) , kebebasan (al-hurriyah) dan pluralisme (ta`addudiyah) , tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Islam, bahkan jauh sebelumnya Islam telah berbicara dan memperjuangkan nilai-nilai tersebut. Akan tetapi, hal itu bukan berarti demokrasi sepenuhnya sesuai dengan semangat dan nafas Islam. Sebab, di sisi lain, Islam juga mengandung prinsip-prinsip lain yang tidak dibawa oleh demokrasi. Prinsip-prinsip yang dimaksud adalah, (1) prinsip syûrâ (musyawarah), (2) imâmah (kepemimpinan), (3) perbedaan gender, dan (4) soal dzimmi . Jadi, prinsip-prinsip Demokrasi pada dasarnya memang dapat diterima dan tidak bertentangan dengan Islam, tetapi hal itu bukan berarti Islam identik dengan demokrasi. Sebab, sebagai sebuah agama, Islam mengandung banyak norma dan aturan yang tidak sekedar seperti yang ada dalam prinsip demokrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 308, "width": 123, "height": 15, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 335, "width": 361, "height": 31, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Qadim Zallum, Sistem Pemerintahan Islam , Cet. ke-6. Bandung: Mizan, 2002", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 379, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Maududi, Khilafah dan Kerajaan (Al-Khilâfah wa Al- Mulk) , Alih Bahasa Muhammad al-Baqir. Bandung: Mizan, Cet. ke-2. TtH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 422, "width": 361, "height": 31, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beni Ahmad Saebani, Fiqh Siyasah: Pengantar Ilmu Politik Islam, Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2008", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 466, "width": 361, "height": 15, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasan Sadiliy dkk., Ensiklopedi Indonesia, Jakarta: Pt. Ichtiar van Hoeve,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 481, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t.th., edisi khusus, jilid II", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 509, "width": 338, "height": 15, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inu Kencana Syafe’i, Ilmu Pemerintahan, Bandung: Mandar Maju, 1999", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 537, "width": 362, "height": 30, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurniawan, Civic Education: Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan, Bengkulu: LP2 STAN Curup, 2010, Cet. ke-1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 620, "width": 227, "height": 16, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "146 | Jurnal Syarah, Vol. 8, No. 2 Juli – Desember 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 73, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masykuri Abdillah, Demokrasi di Persimpangan Makna; Respon Intelektual Muslim Indonesia Terhadap Konsep Demokrasi 1966-1993 , Yogyakarta: Tiara Wacana, 1999", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 132, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moh. Mahfud MD, Dasar dan Struktur Kenegaraan Indonesia, Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2001", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 175, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mudhofir Abdullah, Masail al-Fiqhiyyah: Isu-isu Fikih Kontemporer, Yogyakarta: Teras, 2011", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 219, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Anis, ‘Model Syura-Khilafah’, lihat: http:// ahmadsahidin. wordpress.com/ 2010/04/30/ model-syura-khilafah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 262, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mujar Ibnu Syarif dan Khamami Zada, Fiqh Siyasah: Doktrin dan Pemikiran Politik Islam, Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 306, "width": 320, "height": 15, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Munawir Sjadzali, Islam dan Tata Negara, Jakarta: UI-Press, 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 333, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurcholis Madjid, Membangun Oposisi Menjaga Momentum Demokrasi , Jakarta: Voice Centre Indonesia. 2000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 377, "width": 362, "height": 46, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Quraish Shihab, “Agama dalam Absolutisme dan Relativisme”, dalam Nourruzzaman Shiddiqi, Etika Pembangunan dalam Pemikiran Islam, Jakarta, Rajawali Press, 1986", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 435, "width": 362, "height": 31, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suyuti Pulungan, Fiqh Siyasah: Ajaran, Sejarah dan Pemikiran , Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016 Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "236", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 79, "width": 445, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PEMENUHAN GIZI PADA IBU MASA MENOPAUSE DI DESA GAROT KECAMATAN DARUL IMARAH KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 118, "width": 463, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Factors That Are Related To Fulfillment Of Nutrition In Menopause's Mother In Garot Village, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 151, "width": 153, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ruri Widyasari *1 , Cici Puspita Sari 2 Koresponding email : [email protected] *1 Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 199, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 212, "width": 468, "height": 315, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Depkes RI (2009) hingga saat ini wanita Indonesia yang memasuki masa menopause sebanyak 7,4% dari populasi. Jumlah tersebut meningkat menjadi 11% pada 2005. Pemenuhan gizi yang memadai akan sangat membantu dalam menghambat berbagai dampak negatif menopause terhadap kinerja otak, mencegah kulit kering serta berbagai penyakit lainnya. Bertambahnya usia menyebabkan beberapa organ tidak melakukan proses perbaikan (remodelling) diri lagi. Misalnya masa tulang tidak melakukan pembentukan kembali. Meski demikian, setiap orang tetap membutuhkan makanan bergizi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemenuhhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian survey yang bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini semua ibu menopause. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 48 orang, teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode total populasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 19 Desember 2016 s.d 24 Desember 2016 di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan membagikan kuesioner. Teknik analisa data menggunakan statistik sederhana yaitu uji chi-square ( α = 0.05) kebutuhuan gizi masa menopause lebih banyak pada kategori sesuai sebanyak 32 (66,7%), pengetahuan ibu menopause mayoritas pada kategori baik sebanyak 24 (50,0%), pendapatan ibu menopause mayoritas pada kategori cukup sebanyak 31 (6,6%), dan dukungan keluarga pada ibu menopause mayoritas pada kategori baik sebanyak 28 (58,3). ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemenuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause, ada hubungan antara pendapatan ibu dengan pemenuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause, tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan pemenuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause. :peneliti menyarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat khususnya ibu tentang gizi pada masa menopause.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 467, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Gizi , Pengetahuan, Pendapatan, Dukungan Keluarga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 285, "top": 572, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 585, "width": 468, "height": 122, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "According to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2009), up to now Indonesian women enter menopause as much as 7.4% of the population. This number increased to 11% in 2005. Fulfillment of adequate nutrition will be very helpful in inhibiting various negative effects of menopause on brain performance, preventing dry skin and various other diseases. Increasing age causes some organs not to do the process of repair (remodeling) themselves anymore. For example, the bone did not do the re-formation. However, everyone still needs nutritious food, carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals to find out the factors that are related to the fulfillment of nutrition in menopausal women in Garot Village, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. This research is an analytical survey research with Cross Sectional approach. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 141, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "237", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 468, "height": 190, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "population in this study were all menopausal mothers. The number of samples in this study were 48 people, the sampling technique was done by the total population method. This research was conducted on December 19, 2016 until December 24, 2016 in Garot Village, Darul Imarah District, Aceh Besar District. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. Data analysis techniques using simple statistics, namely chi-squ are test (α = 0.05) nutritional needs of menopause more in the appropriate category as many as 32 (66.7%), the majority of menopausal mothers knowledge in the good category as much as 24 (50.0%), the majority of menopausal mothers income in the category enough as much as 31 (6.6%), and the majority of family support for menopausal mothers in the good category as much as 28 (58.3). there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and nutritional fulfillment in menopausal mothers, there is a relationship between maternal income and nutritional fulfillment in menopausal mothers, there is no relationship between family support and nutritional fulfillment in menopausal mothers. : researchers suggest that health workers can provide information to the public, especially mothers, about nutrition during menopause.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Meeting Nutrition Needs, Knowledge, Income, Family support", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam keadaan yang cukup berfariasi dan individual bagi seorang wanita. Folikel telur yang terlur yang tersisi dalam idung telur sekitar (sekitar 8000) mulai lenyap. Peristiwa aneh dan tidak jelas ini terjadi antara 45-55 tahun. Peristiwa itu tiba-tiba dan ada peralihan perlahan- lahan dari aktifitas idung telur yang normal pada tahun reproduksi, keidung telur yang relatiff tidak aktif pada tahun-tahun menopause (Jones, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 431, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menopause merupakan suatu proses peralihan dari masa produktif menuju perubahan secara perlahan-lahan ke masa non produktif yang disebabkan oleh berkurangnya hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Menopause juga diartikan sebagai masa berhentinya haid secara alamiah yang biasanya terjadi antara usia 45-50 tahun, atau berhentinya masa haid sama sekali (Fairus, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 534, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Intan (2004) pada penelitiannya tentang tinjauan pengetahuan ibu terhadap gizi masa menopause di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam menjelaskan, bahwa makin tinggi pendidikan seseorang makin mudah orang tersebut untuk menerima informasi. Semakin banyak informasi yang masuk semakin banyak pula pengetahuan yang didapat tentang kesehatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 617, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil studi pendahuluan awal yang dilakukan oleh penulis di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Aceh Besar Tahun 2012 terdapat 48 perempuan usia menopause, dengan sikap ibu terhadap pemenuhan gizi dan dari hasil wawancara 12 responden terdapat 4 orang yang memiliki sifat negatif/tidak baik terhadap kebutuhan gizi pada masa menopause, 5 orang berpengetahuan rendah tentang kebutuhan gizi pada masa menopause, 4 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 141, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "238", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "diantaranya memiliki pendapatan kurang dalam hal pencapaian gizi pada masa menopause dan 3 orang diantaranya tampa dukungan keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 141, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 455, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional yaitu suatu penelitian dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan secara bersamaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan utama untuk melihat dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan ibu tentang Pemenuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause Di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Aceh Besar Tahun 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 272, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu-ibu yang telah mengalami masa menopause Di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Aceh Besar Tahun 2017 yang berjumlah 48 orang. Tehnik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah secara total Populasi yaitu semua ibu yang mengalami masa menopause Di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Aceh Besar. Dengan kriteria : Ibu dalam masa menaupose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 376, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data yang diperoleh langsung dari ibu dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner dengan pertanyaan 5 pertanyaan tentang pemenuhan gizi pada ibu masa menoaupose , 8 pertanyaan tentang pengetahuan, 1 pertanyaan tentang pendapatan dan 5 pertanyaan mengenai dukungan sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 479, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemenuhan Gizi Pada Masa Menopause", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 523, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 548, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Gizi Pada Ibu Masa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 562, "width": 343, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar Tahun 2017 No Pemenuhan Kebutuha Gizi Pada n % Ibu Masa Menopause 1 Sesuai 32 66,7 2 Tidak Sesuai 16 33,3 Total 48 100 Sumber: data primer diolah tahun 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016 Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "239", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 86, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5.4 menunjukan bahwa distribusi frekuensi pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause mayoritas pada kategori sesuai yaitu sebanyak 32 responden (66,7%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengetahuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 175, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 170, "top": 189, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Gizi Pada Ibu Masa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 203, "width": 299, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar Tahun 2017 No Pengetahuan n % 1 Baik 24 50,0 2 Cukup 11 22,9 3 Kurang 13 27,1 Total 48 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 137, "top": 350, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber: data primer diolah tahun 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5.5 menunjukan bahwa distribusi frekuensi pengetahuan ibu masa menopause mayoritas pada kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 24 responden (50,0%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 433, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 449, "width": 332, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi Pendapatan Pada Ibu Masa Menopause di Desa Garot", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 464, "width": 436, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar Tahun 2017 No Pendapatan n % 1 Cukup 31 64,6% 2 Kurang 17 35,4% Total 48 100 Sumber: data primer diolah tahun 2017 Berdasarkan tabel 3 menunjukan bahwa distribusi frekuensi pendapatan ibu masa menopause mayoritas pada kategori cukup yaitu sebanyak 31 responden (64,6%).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 655, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dukungan Keluarga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 141, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "240", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 319, "top": 79, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 95, "width": 352, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Dukungan Keluarga Terhadap Kebutuhan Gizi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 111, "width": 331, "height": 131, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Ibu Masa Menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar Tahun 2017 No Dukungan Keluarga n % 1 Baik 28 58,3 2 Kurang Baik 20 41,7 Total 48 100 Sumber: data primer diolah tahun 2012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4 menunjukan bahwa distribusi frekuensi dukungan keluarga terhadap kebutuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause mayoritas pada kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 28 responden (58,3%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 349, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 24 ibu yang berpengetahuan baik sebagian besar mendapatkan pemenuhan gizi pada masa menopause yang sesuai yaitu sebanyak 83,3%, sedangkan dari 11 ibu yang berpengetahuan cukup sebagian besar mendapatkan pemenuhan gizi pada masa menopause yang tidak sesuai yaitu sebanyak 63,3%, dan dari 13 ibu yang berpengetahuan kurang sebagian besar mendapatkan pemenuhan gizi pada masa menopause yang sesuai yaitu sebanyak 61,5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari data ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada masa menopause, dengan nilai p = 0,021 (p<0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 455, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan teori Notoatmodjo (2003) yang menyatakan pengetahuan adalah hasil dari tahu dan ini terjadi setelah seseorang melakukan penginderaan terhadapa suatu objek tertentu. Penginderaan ini terjadi melalui panca indra manusia, yakni: indra pendengaran, indra penciuman, indra penglihatan, rasa dan raba.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian Ruaida (2009) juga sesuai dengan hasil penelitian ini yaitu terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada masa menopause di desa Uletuy tahun 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 659, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peneliti berasumsi bahwa pengetahuan dapat mempengaruhi seseorang dalam bertindak dan mengambil keputusan, ibu dengan pengetahuan yang tinggi akan lebih mudah memilih dan menetukan gizi mana yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya di masa menopause, namun ibu dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 141, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "241", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pengetahuan yang kurang akan sulit menentukan gizi mana yang dibutuhkannya di masa menopause.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 120, "width": 455, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 31 ibu yang berpendapatan cukup sebagian besar mendapatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi masa menopause yang sesuai yaitu sebanyak 77,4%, sedangkan dari 17 ibu yang berpendapatan kuang sebagian besar mendapatkan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi masa menopause yang tidak sesuai yaitu sebanyak 52,9%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari data ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendapatan dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada masa menopause, dengan nilai p = 0,070 (p>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan berpengaruh langsung terhadap sikap ibu tentang gizi pada masa menopause. Namun bila seorang berpenghasilan cukup besar maka dia akan mampu untuk menyediakan atau membeli fasilitas-fasilitas sumber informasi untuk menambah sikap ataupun tanggapan mereka (Notoatmodjo, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatan juga mempengaruhi perubahan status gizi karena penyediaan makanan bergizi membutuhkan pendanaan yang tidak sedikit. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat dengan kondisi pendapatan tinggi biasanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 431, "width": 418, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 493, "width": 419, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendapatan ibu dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 555, "width": 419, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Tidak ada hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi pada ibu masa menopause di Desa Garot Kecamatan Darul Imarah Kabupaten Aceh Besar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 331, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine Vol. 2 No. 2 Oktober 2016 Universitas Ubudiyah Indonesia e-ISSN : 2615-109X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 525, "top": 731, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "242", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Baziad, Ali., 2003 Penanganan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 100, "width": 419, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menopause Di Asia Belum Optimal Http://202.146.417/Read/Xml (19 April 2011)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 127, "width": 397, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Budiarto, E., Biostatistika Untuk Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan Masyarakat, Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran, 2001", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 155, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Cut Intan., Tinjauan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Gizi Masa Menopause, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam: Poltekes Jurusan Kebidanan, 2004", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Cunningham, Dkk. Dasar-Dasar Ginekoligi Dan Obstetri, Jakarta: EGC, 2010 Lailiyana, Dkk, Gizi Kesehatan Reproduksi, Jakarta; EGC, 2010 Mubarak, Iqbal, Promosi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 356, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesehatan, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2007 NS Salika, Serba Serbi Paath dkk, Gizi Dalam Kesehatan Reproduksi, jakarta : EGC, 2004", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "370", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 66, "width": 478, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 111, "width": 329, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eko Prasetyo 1,3 , Siswo Hadi Sumantri 2 , Syaiful Anwar 2 , Pujo Widodo 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 123, "width": 354, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Doctoral Student in Defence Science, Indonesia Defence University, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 136, "width": 372, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Doctoral Programme in Defence Science, Indonesia Defence University, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 149, "width": 236, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 BMKG Maritime Meteorological Centre, Indonesia Email coresponden: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 186, "width": 484, "height": 76, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract . An essential component of Indonesia's marine industry is shipping safety. This research aims to determine how important a vessel's safety score is as a potential indicator for reducing the probability of maritime accidents. To determine the meteorological variables that significantly impact ship accidents, we created a logistic regression model using survey data obtained from skippers of vessels operating within Indonesia. Furthermore, the study's findings demonstrate the critical need for objective assessment standards to raise shipping safety. This study offers important new information on creating and implementing thorough safety score criteria for Indonesian sailing license issuance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 305, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyword: shipping safety, safety score, logistics regression, weather", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 303, "width": 485, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract. Komponen penting dalam industri kelautan Indonesia adalah keselamatan pelayaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan seberapa penting skor keselamatan kapal sebagai indikator potensial untuk mengurangi kemungkinan kecelakaan maritim. Untuk menentukan variabel meteorologi yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi kecelakaan kapal, kami membuat model regresi logistik dengan menggunakan data survei yang diperoleh dari nakhoda kapal yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Selain itu, temuan studi ini menunjukkan kebutuhan kritis akan standar penilaian yang obyektif untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pelayaran. Studi ini menawarkan informasi baru yang penting dalam menciptakan dan menerapkan kriteria penilaian keselamatan yang menyeluruh untuk penerbitan izin berlayar di Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 418, "width": 337, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyword: keselamatan pelayaran, skor keselamatan, regresi logistik, cuaca", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 445, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 472, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to the Minister of Transportation (2018), 40% of global commerce routes travel through Indonesia, making Indonesian waters home to some of the densest shipping conditions in the world. Spread across a vast coastline, Indonesia boasts thousands of islands and hundreds of harbors, making it a hub for maritime activity. The shipping environment surrounding Indonesia is difficult due to the diverse topography and geography of the surrounding seas. Encompassing shallow waters, tight straits, and the highest seas, Indonesia's enormous and varied marine region makes it the world's biggest archipelago. This means that in order to maximize trade and mobility within the nation, shipping management and safety are vital issues. The weather plays a significant role on the likelihood of ship accidents [1][2][3] Poor weather can be a key contributing factor to shipping accidents, according to a number of earlier research [4][5][6][7]. Ships operating in Indonesian waters frequently encounter extreme weather conditions, such as strong winds, huge waves, and dense fog. These meteorological conditions have a significant impact on a ship's capacity to navigate and maneuver, which might raise the possibility of mishaps or accidents [8][9][10][11]12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 652, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Indonesian region has substantial weather conditions and heavy shipping, which raises the risk of ship accidents. According to statistics data, the number of ship accidents in Indonesia has been rather high in recent years [13][14]. Mistakes made by people, defective machinery, inclement weather, and other circumstances can result in a variety of incidents, from collisions to ship sinkings. The information pertaining to ship mishaps makes it abundantly evident that Indonesian maritime safety requires significant attention.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "371", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 65, "width": 485, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Indonesian waters, standardised Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) pertaining to vessel sailing permits ought to ideally accommodate heavy shipping and noteworthy weather situations. SOPs must be precise and consistent in order to guarantee that ships operating in Indonesian waters follow accepted safety guidelines. Thus, the goal of this study is to determine the variables that affect the value of shipping safety. To that end, data from questionnaires will be gathered from shipping industry participants. Furthermore, this research will examine the urgency with which users require ship safety scores. Data on past ship accidents and the current state of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for ship sailing permits in Indonesia will be used to highlight this urgency. It is therefore anticipated that this research would shed more light on the variables influencing maritime safety and prioritize the requirements for enhancing safety in Indonesian seas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 217, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 245, "width": 485, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used in this study. The significance of the ship safety score is examined in detail using the quantitative approach to analyze the captains' survey data. The second goal of this research, to thoroughly analyze the urgency of user needs for a ship safety score by data analysis from survey findings and the current conditions of SOPs for sailing licenses in Indonesia, is being accomplished in the meantime through the application of the qualitative technique. The most important meteorological factors and skippers' experiences with weather-related disruptions were among the survey data gathered. In order to quantify the survey data for future analysis, it was transformed into numerical data. In this instance, it is possible to determine the link between the variables, particularly the ways in which particular variables may affect ship accidents. Equation 1 [15] displays the Pearson correlation, which illustrates the linear link between a number of variables and the value of shipping safety.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 400, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 451, "width": 485, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A logistic regression model was then constructed using the survey data. To determine the likelihood of disruption based on vessel and weather factors that had been taken into account in the survey questions, a logistic regression model was constructed. We can determine the correlation between weather, vessel attributes, and the likelihood of a shipping interruption by using the survey data; this will yield important insights that will help enhance shipping safety in the Indonesian region. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the urgency of user needs for vessel safety scores was also conducted through the analysis of data from the survey results, which was then contrasted with the existing SOP conditions for sailing permits in Indonesia. In this way, we can understand the extent to which the existing SOPs reflect and fulfil user needs in terms of shipping safety. The results of this analysis can provide a strong basis for recommending changes or improvements in the existing SOPs to make them more effective in maintaining shipping safety in Indonesian waters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 617, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 644, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Factors influencing a ship's safety rating can be found in Figure 1's first graph displays the total number of answers from each province. The province that received the most responses was Southeast Sulawesi, which was followed by South Sulawesi and East Java. This could mean that respondents from these provinces have dealt with difficult maritime conditions for a longer period of time or that there is greater maritime traffic in these areas. Provinces like Bangka Belitung and Bali, on the other hand, had less responses; this could be because of their smaller populations or decreased maritime activity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "372", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 212, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Results of the survey broken down by weather disturbances, vessel size, and province distribution", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 254, "width": 485, "height": 287, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The size distribution of the vessels taking part in the survey is shown in the second graph in Figure 1. The majority of the vessels that answered were under 500 GT, suggesting that smaller vessels are more likely than bigger ones to be involved in maritime operations or to be more vulnerable to weather-related disruptions. Larger vessels received much fewer responses, which can mean that they are underrepresented in the poll or are better prepared to withstand bad weather. The frequency of disruptions caused by weather is displayed in the third graph in Figure 1. Just a small percentage of respondents said they had never experienced disruptions connected to weather, with the majority indicating they had ('In the past'). The significant percentage of participants who have encountered weather-related delays attests to the fact that these disruptions are a frequent issue in marine operations, underscoring the significance of efficient planning and readiness for weather conditions. The data presented, as indicated by Figure 1, emphasizes the significance of comprehending the regional distribution and vessel size in relation to maritime safety, together with the frequency of weather-related disruptions in maritime operations. These studies can be used to support decisions aimed at improving the safety of smaller vessels—which seem to be more frequently impacted by unfavorable weather conditions—and to allocate resources to locations with greater levels of reported interruptions. The study participants strongly ranked 'High Tide' as the most influential weather element on maritime safety, as seen by the graph labeled \"Most Influential Weather Parameter\" in Figure 2. According to the graph, \"High Tide\" was cited by over 30 responders as the meteorological component that had the biggest impact. It is evident that respondents to the survey view high waves as a more significant threat than they do from the other two parameters, \"Strong Winds\" and \"High Current Speed,\" which each garnered only a third or fewer of the replies for \"High Tide.\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 544, "width": 485, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In particular, 'High Current Speed' garnered the fewest responses, indicating that it is regarded as the least influential component of the three, while 'Strong Winds' appears to be the second most impactful factor, with significantly fewer responses than 'High Tide'. The data quantitatively indicates respondents' perceptions of the wave heights that have the greatest influence on maritime operations, based on the graph depicting the \"Impact of High Waves\" in Figure 2. As we can see, the most respondents identified waves with heights between 1.5 and 2 meters as having the most influence. Approximately 14 respondents identified this range as being the highest. Waves that measured between two and three meters in height came next, and about twelve respondents thought these were noteworthy. According to a quantitative analysis of this data, waves between 1.5 and 2.5 meters are typically the most problematic or disruptive for respondents. This could be a reflection of the wave conditions that respondents most commonly encounter or the design and durability features of the vessels that they typically use. While waves over 2.5 meters may happen less frequently or the vessels may be better prepared to withstand them, waves lower in height might not be seen as dangerous .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "373", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 302, "width": 413, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Results of the survey based on perturbations in meteorological parameters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 329, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Winds over 33 knots are shown in Figure 2's \"Impact of Strong Winds\" graph as the category that drew the most responses, suggesting that these extremely high wind speeds are thought to have a major influence on marine activities. In terms of numbers, fewer responses are received in the categories with lower wind speeds. For instance, reactions were lower for wind speeds between 22 and 32 knots and between 11 and 21 knots than for winds over 33 knots. This represents the belief that very high winds are far more dangerous and likely to seriously impair vessel operations, even though lower speed winds may still have an effect. Respondents paid the least attention to winds of less than 10 knots, which may indicate that they thought these speeds would not have a significant impact on maritime operations or safety. This might be the case since ships are built to withstand winds of up to a particular speed without experiencing too many issues. In conclusion, survey participants felt that winds over 33 knots were a significant risk factor and may have a significant effect on marine safety.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 495, "width": 485, "height": 246, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respondents' opinions of how current speeds impact marine operations are shown in Figure 2's \"Impact of Strong Currents\" graph. According to the findings, currents traveling at a speed of between 4 and 6 cm/s are thought to have the most influence; approximately 10 respondents gave this opinion. Following this, currents of 6–8 cm/s received about equal numbers of replies, suggesting that they had a comparable impact on respondents' perceptions. It's interesting to note that the number of answers decreased significantly for currents faster than 8 cm/s. Much less attention was paid to currents moving at speeds of 8–10 cm/s and faster. This could mean that the vessels the responders operate are capable of handling stronger currents without experiencing major issues, or it could mean that they hardly ever encounter currents of these speeds. Conversely, the reduced number of replies for current speeds between 0 and 4 cm/s indicates that these speeds were also thought to have less of an effect. This might be the case since smaller currents don't significantly obstruct vessel operations or navigation. The analysis of the data leads to the conclusion that current velocities falling between 4 and 8 cm/s are thought to provide the greatest risk and impact on maritime safety. Currents in this range may be more challenging for vessels to handle, or it could be that because these are the currents that are encountered most frequently in day-to-day operations, respondents are more likely to report them as impactful. A logistic regression model, which uses one or more independent variables to predict the probability of an event happening, is the type of model that was constructed. These are the model's specifications. Based on a number of independent variables, a logistic regression model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "374", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 65, "width": 485, "height": 191, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is constructed to predict if a skipper has encountered weather-related disturbances while at sea. These variables include the size of the vessel the skipper operates, the skipper's province of residence, and the degree of disruption caused by specific weather conditions like large waves, strong winds, and strong current speeds. The model makes use of logistic regression techniques, a well-liked statistical approach for estimating an event's probability given a set of independent factors. In order to ensure that the model has strong generalizability, the data used for training and testing the model is divided into two portions: 70% of the data for training and 30% for testing. This approach is widely used in machine learning. According to the regression model, there is a strong negative link between wind speed and disturbance experience, but a positive correlation between vessel size and current speed. This is intriguing since it implies that bigger boats and boats traveling against strong currents are more likely to become stranded. According to the captain, big waves are the most important weather parameter, which is consistent with current maritime safety regulations, according to additional analysis. The regression model's low coefficient for this weather parameter, however, suggests that other variables might be more important in determining vessel safety.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 483, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Perform the regression logistic model.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 510, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A helpful tool for comprehending the classification model's performance is the confusion matrix shown in Figure 3. It shows how the value predicted by the model compares to the true value, which in this case is whether the weather affected the skipper. The two rows and two columns of the confusion matrix in this instance reflect the two classifications, \"Never Experienced Disturbance\" and \"Experienced Disturbance.\". The entire number of samples in the test set is represented by the total value of 16 in this matrix. This shows that 16 observations make up 30% of the total dataset that was used for testing. The model was able to correctly anticipate the majority of these sixteen cases. The number of accurate forecasts that the skipper is not impaired is indicated by the numbers in the top left box, and the number of accurate predictions that the skipper is impaired is indicated by the values in the bottom right box. There are two off-diagonal boxes (top right and bottom left) that show how many forecasts were wrong. The high percentage of accurate forecasts compared to inaccurate ones suggests that the algorithm works well, particularly in determining situations in which the skipper is not hampered by bad weather.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 689, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to evaluate the model's performance in differentiating between the two categories and identify potential areas for improvement, it is crucial to interpret the confusion matrix. For instance, the model may be more likely to classify cases as \"Never Impaired\" if the value in the bottom right box (correct prediction for \"Ever Impaired\") is lower than the value in the top left box (correct", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "375", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 65, "width": 485, "height": 260, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "prediction for \"Never Impaired\"), which could be an area for further model refinement. While evaluating the risk of shipping, ships and maritime weather have a significant role. The chance of an event is influenced by the vessel's condition, particularly its age, size, and maintenance status. Similarly, meteorological factors that are evident in the collected data, like large waves, wind, and currents, have an immediate impact on the safety of ships. The combination of these factors should be covered in this research as a crucial foundation for creating a trustworthy safety score that can accurately forecast possible hazards. Between 2007 and 2023, 221 maritime accidents were reported to the National Transportation Accident Commission (NTSC). Sixty-one percent, or 135 cases, were classified as extremely serious. The most of incidents (33%) involved fire, with sinking (27%) and collision (20%) coming in second and third, respectively, and aground (17%) coming in third. The two main vessel types that the NTSC looked into the most were cargo ships and Ro-Ro passenger ships, which can carry both cars and people. The passenger, tanker, and container ships are listed below. As to Article 219 of Law No. 17 Year 2008 on Shipping, each sailing vessel must possess a Sailing Approval Letter (SPB) issued by the Syahbandar. Weather-related factors are taken into account while issuing this sailing approval letter. Furthermore, it is stated in Article 11 paragraph (8) of Minister of Transportation Regulation Number PM 28 Year 22 that delays in ship departure may be made due to weather-related reasons. According to Article 13, the syahbandar may refuse to issue an SPB based on a variety of factors, including c. water weather circumstances that could jeopardize the ship based on the ship's size and/or type.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 562, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Sample Sailing Approval Letter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 589, "width": 485, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There is currently no established standard that specifies the types of sea conditions that lead to ship accidents. No formula exists that determines the cutoff point or quantitative limit, like a ship safety score. As a result, the requirement for this safety score is quite urgent in order to satisfy current laws and SOPs. One of the factors taken into account before a Sailing Approval Letter is issued will be the requirement for this safety score. Additionally, reducing ship accidents at sea requires the application of this safety score. The confusion matrix indicates that the constructed logistic regression model has a high degree of accuracy in predicting non-risk events. This indicates that the ship safety score can be effectively derived from the model. It will be crucial to investigate in the discussion how this model may be enhanced and integrated with the current parameters. Some examples of how it can be improved include modifying the risk detection threshold and adding real-time data to dynamically update safety scores.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "376", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 65, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This model can be a valuable tool in policy making as there is currently no defined method for calculating vessel safety scores for sailing licenses. The model's ability to close this gap and the ways in which maritime authorities can utilize it to impose more stringent operational standards and procedures—which will enhance safety and lower accident rates—should be covered in the conversation. There is a gap in the current maritime safety policy, as evidenced by the lack of a standardised calculation guiding a ship's safety score. The conversation should emphasize how urgent it is to create a formula that takes into consideration the previously listed variables. It might also provide suggestions for additional study that will evaluate the logistic regression model's efficacy using bigger data sets for validation and in varying operational scenarios. Consequently, it is imperative to underscore that the creation and execution of a data-driven ship safety score constitutes a critical measure in guaranteeing secure navigation and efficient risk mitigation within the marine sector. The article should also encourage relevant stakeholders in the marine industry to take a more risk-based and data-driven approach when making decisions on maritime safety.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 258, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 286, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study's conclusions highlight how crucial it is to take meteorological conditions into account when calculating a vessel's safety score. Policymakers can create more effective policies to increase maritime safety in the Indonesian region by taking into account elements like ship size, large waves, wind speed, and strong currents. Further research with bigger sample sizes and more variables is advised in order to bolster model predictions and encourage data-driven decision-making.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 369, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RECOMMENDATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 397, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The small sample size and data imbalances that could have an impact on the findings are the study's primary limitations. In order to develop more reliable prediction models, future research could address these constraints by increasing the survey sample and adding real data on ship accidents. The need of incorporating weather variables into Indonesia's vessel safety score assessment system is reinforced by this study, which offers fresh insights into the weather aspects influencing shipping safety. It provides a step in the direction of a comprehensive strategy for managing marine risk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 493, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 507, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We express our gratitude to Universitas Pertahanan Nasional, BMKG, and other scientists for providing the data catalogue.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 548, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 576, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Aalberg, A. L., Bye, R. J., & Ellevseth, P. R. (2022). Risk factors and navigation accidents: A historical analysis comparing accident-free and accident-prone vessels using indicators from AIS data and vessel databases. Maritime Transport Research, 3, 100062.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 617, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Devore, Jay L. (2011). Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. pp. 508–510. ISBN 978-0-538-73352-6.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 645, "width": 457, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Laporan investigasi kecelakaan kapal (http://knkt.go.id/). Diakses pada 6 Desember 2023.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 659, "width": 484, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Menteri Perhubungan. (2018, 2 Maret). Empat puluh persen jalur perdagangan dunia melewati Indonesia. Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. https://dephub.go.id/post/read/empat-puluh-persen-jalur-perdagangan-dunia-melewati- indonesia", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 714, "width": 299, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Permenhub Nomor PM 28 Tahun 2022 Pasal 11 ayat (8).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 728, "width": 484, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Prilana, R. E., BOWO, L. P., & FURUSHO, M. (2020). Maritime Cargo Accidents in Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 38, "width": 158, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JUKI : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 38, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2 Nopember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 48, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN : 2722-4368", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of the Needs of Shipmasters and Shipping Stakeholders Towards Ship Safety Score for Shipping Safety Based on Logistic Regression Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 794, "width": 344, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh : Eko Prasetyo, Siswo Hadi Sumantri, Syaiful Anwar, Pujo Widodo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 507, "top": 757, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "377", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 65, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "for the period 2013-2018. Navigation, 211, 19-20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 79, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Rezaee, Sara, Pelot, Ronald, Ghasemi, Alireza, The effect of extreme weather conditions on commercial fishing activities and vessel incidents in Atlantic Canada, Ocean & Coastal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 107, "width": 463, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Management, Volume 130, 2016, Pages 115-127, ISSN 0964-5691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.05.011.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 134, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Toffoli, A., Lefevre, J. M., Bitner-Gregersen, E., & Monbaliu, J. (2005). Towards the identification of warning criteria: analysis of a ship accident database. Applied Ocean Research, 27(6), 281-291.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 176, "width": 341, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Undang Undang No. 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran Pasal 219.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 189, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10. Wang, J., Yang, Z., & Liu, J. (2014). Bayesian network with quantitative input for maritime risk analysis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 217, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11. Wu, Y., Pelot, R. P., & Hilliard, C. (2009). The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Relative Incident Rate of Fishing Vessels. Risk Analysis, 29(7), 985-999. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539- 6924.2009.01217.x", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 258, "width": 484, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12. Xu, T., Liu, X., & Hu, S. (2020). Maritime accidents in New Zealand from 2015 to 2018: revealing recommendations from statistical review. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 50(4), 509-522.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 300, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13. Zhang, L., Yan, X., & Yang, Z. (2021). Application of Cloud Model and Bayesian Network to Piracy Risk Assessment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 327, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14. Zhang, Y., Teixeira, A.P., & Guedes Soares, C. (2021). The Development of a Bayesian Network Framework with Model Validation for Maritime Accident Risk Factor Assessment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 355, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15. Zhang, Y., Yan, X., & Yang, Z. (2020). A machine learning approach for monitoring ship safety in extreme conditions. Journal of Shipping and Trade, 5(1), 1-15.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 70, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 92, "width": 384, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN CELL BATERAI LITHIUM POLYMER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 106, "width": 380, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REVOLECTRIX UNTUK MENGHILANGKAN KEKOSONGAN STOK ( OUT OF STOCK ) DENGAN METODE MRP (Studi Kasus DI PT. LEO ENERGY)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 172, "width": 254, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Choirul Anwar 1 , Hery Irwan 2 , Dadang Redantan 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 186, "width": 409, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1, 2, 3 Program Studi Teknik Industri Universitas Riau Kepulauan Batam Jl. Batu Aji baru, Batam, Kepulauan Riau Email: [email protected] 1 ; [email protected] 2 ; [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 238, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 426, "height": 241, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengendalian bahan baku pada sistem produksi Make To Stock (MTS) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan produksi di PT.Leo Energy masih terjadi kekosongan stok ( out of stock ) sebanyak 6 kali kekosongan selama tahun 2016 yaitu dibulan April, Mei, Juni, Juli, November dan Desember, yang menyebabkan beberapa customers membatalkan pesanannya sebanyak lebih dari 300 unit dan perusahaan mengalami kerugian karena harus melakukan refund terhadap pesanan yang di cancel . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data histori permintaan 2016. Untuk menentukan demand 2017, dilakukan peramalan kebutuhan untuk menentukan MPS dengan Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing dan Trend dan kemudian dilakukan uji ketelitian menggunakan MAD dan Tracking Signal. Hasil pengujian ketelitian yang memiliki RSFE yang rendah, dan mempunyai positive error yang sama banyak atau seimbang dengan negative error , sehingga pusat tracking signal mendekati nol, hasil peramalannya ( forcast ) akan digunakan sebagai MPS. Perhitungan dengan metode MRP ( Material Requerments Planning ) teknik Lot For Lot (LFL) dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kuantitas pemesanan. Dari hasil peramalan didapatkan hasil terbaik yaitu Exponential Smoothing dengan α (0,9) karena memiliki nilai RSFE yang paling rendah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode MRP-LFL dalam menentukan kuantitas pemesanan, biaya pemesanan lebih tinggi dibandingkan peramalan perusahaan dengan selisih biaya pemesanan Rp450.000 dan total biaya pembelian selisih Rp52.884.793. Namun peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan mempunyai biaya penyimpanan lebih tinggi, dengan selisih Rp28.283.904. Berdasarkan data inventory, peramalan perusahaan mengakibatkan 95 pesanan dibatalkan dan mengakibatkan kerugian sebanyak 380 cell (95 pack baterai cancel order ) X harga jual baterai Rp397.911,15 = Rp37.801.559,25. Jadi, peramalan dengan metode MRP-LFL lebih efisien Rp12.750.670,25 dibandingkan peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 290, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: MRP, Lot For Lot, Make To Stock, Peramalan, Persediaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 524, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 424, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Raw material control in the Make To Stock (MTS) of production system to meet production needs at PT. Energy Energy is still an out of stock with 6 times in 2016, in April, May, June, July, November and December, which caused some customers cancel their orders by more than 300 units and the company suffered losses because they had to refund the canceled orders. The study was conducted using 2016 demand history data. It need to do forecasting to determine demand in 2017 by MPS with Moving Average, Exponential Smoothing and Trend is forecasted and did test using MAD and Signal Tracking. The results showed that accuracy testing have a low RSFE, and have a positive error that is equal or balanced with a negative error, so the tracking signal center is close to zero, the forecasting result (forcast) will be used as MPS. Calculation is done using the Lot For Lot (LFL) MRP (Material Requerments Planning) technique to get the order quantity. From forecasting result, the best value are obtained, that is Exponential Smoothing with α (0.9) because it has the lowest RSFE value. The results showed that with the MRP-LFL method in determining the order quantity, the ordering cost is higher than the company's forecasting with the difference in the order cost of Rp.450,000 and the total purchase cost of the difference of Rp52,884,793. But the forecasting carried out by the company has a higher storage cost, with a difference of Rp28,283,904. Based on inventory data, the company's forecasting resulted in 95 orders being canceled and resulting in losses of 380 cells (95 cancel order battery packs) X the selling price of the battery was Rp397,911.15 = Rp37,801,559.25. So, forecasting with the MRP-LFL method is more efficient at IDR 12,750,670.25 compared to the forecasting done by the company. Keywords: MRP, Lot For Lot, Make To Stock, Forecasting, Inventory.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244 E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 115, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 116, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latar Belakang Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 195, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan baku merupakan komponen utama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan proses produksi untuk menghasilkan output yang diharapkan. Salah satu masalah penting dan sering dihadapi dalam memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku adalah proses pengendalian persediaan yang tidak tepat dan tidak benar. Semuanya hal harus diperhitungkan dengan benar agar tidak terjadi kekurangan bahan baku ( out of stock ) yang dapat menghambat proses produksi dan proses pengiriman finish goods kepada konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 195, "height": 442, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT. LEO Energy adalah perusahan yang bergerak dibidang RC ( Radio Control ) atau mainan yang digerakkan dari jarak jauh dengan media remote control sebagai pusat kendali. Produk yang dihasilkan dari PT. LEO Energy berlabel REVOLECTRIX , dan dipasarkan secara global diseluruh dunia baik untuk retail maupun wholesales customer dan dijual dengan sistem online melalui situs resmi di www.revolectrix.com . Salah satu produk unggulannya adalah baterai RC Lithium Polymer , yang kompenen utamanya adalah cell baterai dan material pendukung lainnya. Sistem produksi pembuatan baterai RC ini adalah menggunakan sistem produksi MTS ( Make To Stock ) yaitu memproduksi barang jadi untuk dijadikan persediaan sebelum adanya pesanan yang masuk, jadi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan agar tidak terjadi kekosongan stok ( out of stock ), maka dilakukan pengendalian persediaan material khususnya pada bahan baku cell baterai. Akan tetapi didalam melakukan pemesanan bahan baku dalam upaya pengendalian persediaan masih terjadi kekosongan stok ( out of stock ) sebanyak 6 kali kekosongan selama tahun 2016 yaitu dibulan April, Mei, Juni, Juli, November dan Desember, yang menyebabkan beberapa kustomer membatalkan pesanannya sebanyak lebih dari 300 unit dan mengharuskan perusahaan melakukan refund terhadap pesanan yang di cancel akibat dari tidak tepatnya waktu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 115, "width": 194, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan kuantitas pemesanan bahan baku disetiap periode pemesanannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 140, "width": 194, "height": 63, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari uraian latar belakang diatas, maka untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut akan dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode MRP ( Material Requerment Planning ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 226, "width": 101, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "STUDI LITERATUR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 248, "width": 118, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengendalian Persediaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 261, "width": 194, "height": 126, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengendalian persediaan menurut Herjanto (2015) dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian kebijakan pengedalian untuk menentukan tingkat persediaan yang harus dijaga, kapan harus diadakan persediaan dan berapa kuantitas persediaan harus diadakan. Sistem ini menjamin dan menentukan tersedianya bahan baku yang tepat dalam kwantitas dan waktu yang tepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 400, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peramalan ( Forecasting )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 414, "width": 194, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah suatu motode yang digunakan untuk mengukur dan menaksir keadaan dimasa yang akan datang untuk membantu tercapainya suatu keputusan yang optimal, tepat, cepat, sistematis dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 503, "width": 116, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model-model Peramalan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 515, "width": 195, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Gaspersz (2008) penggunaan model peramalan dapat memberikan hasil ramalan yang berbeda dan derajad dari galat ramalan ( forecast error ) berbeda. Salah satu seni dalam melakukan proses peramalan adalah menentukan model peramalan yang mampu mengidentifikasi dan menanggapi pola aktivitaas historis dari data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 629, "width": 194, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum, model peramalan dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua metode utama, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 667, "width": 205, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Metode Kualitatif a. Dugaan manajemen ( management estimate )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 692, "width": 141, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Riset pasar ( market research )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 705, "width": 205, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Meode kelompok terstruktur ( structured group methods ) d. Analog historis ( historical analogy ) 2. Model Kuantitatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 70, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 74, "top": 92, "width": 204, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Intrinsik / model serial waktu ( time series ) 1. Rata-rata bergerak ( moving averages )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 130, "width": 156, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Rata-rata bergerak sederhana (simple moving averages ) b. Rata-rata bergerak tertimbang ( weighted moving averages )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 74, "top": 180, "width": 206, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pemulusan ekponensial ( exponential smoothing ) a. Pemulusan eksponensial tunggal (single exponential smoothing )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 124, "top": 244, "width": 156, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Pemulusan eksponensial linear ( linear exponential smoothing ) c. Pemulusan eksponensial musiman ( trend exponential smoothing )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 74, "top": 307, "width": 205, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Proyek kecenderungan ( trend projection ) b. Ekstrinsik / model kausal Model regresi kausal ( regression casual model )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 370, "width": 199, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Kuantitatif a. Rata-rata bergerak ( moving averages ) Mengasumsikan bahwa permintaan pasar tetap stabil sepanajang waktu. Secara matematis dirumuskan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moving average", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 455, "width": 153, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "¿ ∑ Data n periode sebelumnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 172, "top": 471, "width": 101, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n (1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 508, "width": 187, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n : jumlah periode dalam rata-rata bergerak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 530, "width": 197, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Pemulusan ekponensial ( exponential smoothing )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 556, "width": 194, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah metode peramalan yang mudah digunakan dan efisien bila dilakukan dengan komputer. Teknik ini mencakup pemeliharaan data masa lalu yang sangat sedikit, rumusnya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 642, "width": 143, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F t = F t − 1 + α ( A t − 1 − F t − 1 ) (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 677, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 689, "width": 149, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- F t = Ramalan baru", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 714, "width": 164, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- F t − 1 = Ramalan sebelumnya", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 323, "top": 91, "width": 25, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Α", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 332, "top": 97, "width": 178, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= Konstanta penghalusan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 127, "width": 187, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- A t − 1 = Permintaan aktual periode sebelumnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 175, "width": 194, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Gaspersz (2008), apabila pola historis dari data aktual permintaan sangat bergejolak / tidak stabil, dapat menggunakan nilai kontanta α mendekati 1 (biasanya nilai α = 0.9). Dan apabila pola historis dari data aktual permintaan tidak berfluktasi / relatif stabil, dapat menggunakan nilai kontanta α mendekati 0 (biasanya nilai α = 0.1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 299, "width": 198, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Proyek kecenderungan ( trend projection )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 325, "width": 194, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik ini mencocokkan garis trend ke rangkaian titik data histori dan kemudian memproyeksikan garis itu kedalam ramalan jangaka menegah hingga jangga panjang, rumusnya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 398, "width": 101, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F t = a + bt (3) b = ∑ x − n ´ x ´ y ∑ x 2 − n ´ x 2 (4) a = ´ y − b ´ x (5)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 316, "top": 484, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 496, "width": 160, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- b = Kelandaian garis regresi - ∑ = Tanda penjumlahan - x = Nilai variabel bebas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 555, "width": 151, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- y = Nilai variabel tidak bebas - ´ x = Rata-rata nilai x - ´ y = Rata-rata nilai y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 614, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- n = Jumlah titik data atau observasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 637, "width": 198, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Rata-rata bergerak terbobot ( weighted moving averages )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 662, "width": 194, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode ini lebih responsif terhadapa perubahan karena data dari periode yang baru diberi bobot lebih besar dari data sebelumnya, rumusnya sebagai beriku:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 70, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 91, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MA ( n )= ∑ ( pembobot n )( permintaan aktual n ) ∑ ( pembobot )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 136, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(6)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 158, "width": 195, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: - MA (n) = Weighted moving average Dalam menggunakan model peramalan, untuk mengetahi sejauh mana keandalan suatu model, maka dibutuhkan perhitungan tracking signal dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 26, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MAD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 170, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "¿ ∑ ( absolut dari forecast errors ) n (7)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 152, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tracking Signal ¿ RSFE MAD (8)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 195, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Gaspersz (2008), bahwa nilai-nilai tracking signal yang berada dalam batas-batas yang dapat diterima (maksimum ± 4), menunjukkan bahwa akurasi model peramalan dapat diandalkan. Dan suatu tracking signal yang memiliki RSFE yang rendah, dan mempunyai positive error yang sama banyak atau seimbang dengan negative error , sehingga pusat tracking signal mendekati nol. Maka peramalan dengan model tersebut adalah peramalah yang terbaik dan dapat digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 195, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MRP ( Material Requerments Planning ) Menurut Gazpersz (2008) perencanaan kebutuhan material ( material requirement planning = MRP ) adalah metode penjadwalan yang digunakan untuk purchased planned orders dan manufactured planned orders. Metode MRP merupakan motode yang digunakan untuk merencanakan dan mengendalikan pesanan dan inventori untuk item-item dependent demand yang cenderung discontinous dan lumpy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 195, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Item-item yang termasuk dalam kategori dependent demand atau yang sering disebut dengan manufacturing inventories adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 92, "width": 150, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Bahan baku ( raw material ) 2. Komponen-komponen ( parts )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 117, "width": 82, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Subassemblies", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 130, "width": 66, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. assemblies", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 155, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen MRP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 168, "width": 194, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun komponen-komponen dari metode MRP menurut Rangkuti (2002) terdiri dari:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 206, "width": 199, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Data persediaan ( Inventory Record File ) Data persediaan ini merupakaan landasan utama dalam pembuatan MRP, karena didalamnya terdapat informasi mengenai persediaaan bahan baku dan bahan pembatu, serta informasi penerimaan material, jangka waktu pemesanan ( lead time ) dan kelipatan jumlah pesanan barang ( lot size ). b. Jadwal induk produksi / MPS ( Master Production Schedule )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 358, "width": 93, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Format MRP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 325, "top": 371, "width": 167, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Item Name : Stock On Hand : Lot Size : Lead Time :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 325, "top": 395, "width": 182, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Time Periods 1 2 3 4 5 Gross Requirements Scheduled Receipts Projected On Hand Inventory Net Requirements Planned Order Receipts Planed Order Release", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 499, "width": 198, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Waktu tunggu ( Lead Time ) Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan berbagai komponen- koponen mulai dari pertama kali barang dipesan sampai diterima didalam gudang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 575, "width": 197, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Daftar material / BOM ( Bill Of Material )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 600, "width": 180, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah daftar dari jumlah dan jenis-jenis material yang digunakan untuk membuat suatu produk jadi yang didalamnya terdapat bahan baku dan bahan pendukung lainnya. Berikut adalah contoh struktur BOM:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244 E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 203, "width": 143, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 Contoh struktur BOM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 226, "width": 180, "height": 164, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Didalam contoh struktur diatas mempunyai empat tingkatan ( level ), yaitu: 0, 1, 2, dan 3. Ada empat “induk” yaitu: A, B, C dan F. Pada struktur ini, B, F dan C merupakan induk sekaligus komponen / anak. Angka dalam kurung mengisyaratkan jumlah unit dari produk yang diperlukan untuk membuat produk yang tepat berada diatasnya. Oleh karena itu, C(3) berarti diperlukan 3 unit C untuk setiap unit A, dan F(2) berarti bahwa diperlukan 2 unit F untuk setiap unit C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 400, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Data pembelian ( Purchased Record", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 413, "width": 180, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "File ) Merupakan data pembelian bahan baku yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan material produksi. Informasi-informasi yang ada didalam data pemebelian meliputi kuantitas item yang dibeli, harga unit bahan baku dan waktu pembembelian bahan baku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 539, "width": 195, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Penentuan Ukuran Lot ( lot sizing decision ) Menurut Heizer (2015) sistem peramalan dengan menggunakan sistem MRP adalah metode yang paling baik untuk menentukan jadwal produksi dan kebutuhan neto. Bagaimanapun juga, ketika terdapat kebutuhan neto, keputusan banyaknya pesanan harus dibuat. Keputusan ini disebut keputusan penentuan ukuran lot ( lot sizing decision ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 195, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lot For Lot (LFL) / Lot untuk Lot Metode Lot For Lot (LFL) / Lot untuk Lot atau juga dikenal sebagai metode peramalan minimal, berdasarakan pada ide penyedeiaan persediaan (atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 194, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memproduksi) sesuai dengan yang diperlukan saja, jumlah persediaan diusahakan seminimal mungkin. Jumlah pesanan sesuai dengan jumlah kebutuhan yang sesungguhnya yang diperlukan (lot untuk lot) sehingga menghasilakn tidak adanya persediaan yang disimpan, akan tetapi dalam metode ini berdapak kepada bisaya pemesanan saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 206, "width": 194, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya total persediaan dapat dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 244, "width": 194, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya persediaan = biaya pemesanan + biaya penyimpanan (9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 292, "width": 120, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 314, "width": 195, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. LEO Energy. Objek penelitian yang akan diambil oleh penulis adalah pengendalian persediaan bahan baku baterai RC Polymer 1500mAh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 505, "width": 185, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2 Cell baterai Polymer 1500mAh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 530, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis dan Model Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 543, "width": 194, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis dan cara pengumpuan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat diihat dalam tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 614, "width": 173, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Jenis dan metode pengumpulan data penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 640, "width": 37, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis data Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 640, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara pengumpulan Sumber data", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 333, "top": 684, "width": 2, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pr im er", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 655, "width": 153, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk yang dihasilkan Pengamatan secara langsung Perusahaan / Warehouse Lead Time pemesanan Wawancara Perusahaan / Warehouse Frekuensi pemesanan bahan baku Wawancara Perusahaan / Warehouse Jumlah aktual persediaan barang digudang Wawancara dan pengamatan secara langsung Perusahaan / Warehouse", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 731, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Se ku nd er Biaya persediaan bahan baku (biaya pesan dan biaya Diambil dari sistem database Database perusahaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244 E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 100, "width": 19, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "simpan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 117, "width": 105, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah pesanan yang masuk / SO ( Sales Order ) Diambil dari sistem database", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 121, "width": 151, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Database perusahaan Jumlah pesanan yang terkirim / terpenuhi ( Fulfilled ) Diambil dari sistem database Database perusahaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 175, "width": 151, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BOM ( Bill Of Material ) Diambil dari sistem database Database perusahaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengolahan dan analisa data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 232, "width": 195, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan-tahapan pengolahan data yang akan dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 175, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Forecasting / Peramalan kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 195, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Forecast ditentukan dari data perusahaan yaitu data pesanan yang masuk dari konsumen / SO ( Sales Order ) dan dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Kuantitatif, yaitu dengan membandingkan pengujian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 368, "width": 179, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Rata-rata bergerak ( moving averages ), dengan rumus (1) b. Pemulusan ekponensial ( exponential smoothing ), dengan rumus (2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 180, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Proyek kecenderungan ( trend projection ), dengan rumus (3) - (5)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 454, "width": 181, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menguji ketelitian dari hasil peramalan, maka akan diuji kesalahannya / uji eror dengan menggunakan pengujian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 505, "width": 172, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " MAD ( Mean Absolute Deviation ) / rata-rata penyimpangan absolut, dengan memakai rumus (7)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 544, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Tracking Signal , dengan memakai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 567, "width": 177, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil uji error , maka yang memiliki RSFE yang rendah, dan mempunyai positive error yang sama banyak atau seimbang dengan negative error , sehingga pusat tracking signal mendekati nol. Maka peramalan dengan model tersebut adalah peramalah yang terbaik dan dapat digunakan sebagai MPS ( Master Production Schedule ) / jadwal induk produksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 195, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Perhitungan kebutuhan material Kebutuhan material didapatkan dari hasil perhitungan peramalan kebutuhan ( forecast ) yang dikalikan dengan jumlah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 193, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tiap item dari daftar material / BOM ( Bill Of Material ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 117, "width": 194, "height": 151, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Perhitungan kuantitas material yang harus dipesan Setelah didapatkannya perhitungan kebutuhan material, tahap selanjutnya adalah memperhitungkan kuantitas material yang harus dipesan. Perhitungan untuk mendapatkan kuantitas material yang harus dipesan adalah stok awal bahan baku / material ( on hand stock ) dikurangi dengan jumlah kebutuhan material. Maka akan didapatkan kuantitas material yang harus dipesan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 292, "width": 141, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 304, "width": 153, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisa Perhitungan Forecasting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 317, "width": 194, "height": 157, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk membuat suatu MPS ( Master Production Schedule ) / jadwal induk produksi, terlebih dahulu dilakukan suatu perencanaan ( forecast ). Seperti yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya bahwa PT.LEO Energy mempunyai sistem produksi MTS ( Make To Stock ) yang artinya untuk menentukan / membuat forecast kebutuhan bahan baku berdasarkan data histori permintaan periode sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 194, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data pesanan yang masuk dari kosumen ditahun 2016, maka grafik / pola datanya dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 660, "width": 188, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3 Grafik Sales Order (SO) Baterai LiPo B435 1500-4S-XS Tahun 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 699, "width": 195, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data, telah didapatkan forecast yang terbaik untuk dijadikan sebagai MPS ( Master Production Schedule ) yaitu metode exponential", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 70, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 92, "width": 195, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "smoothing dengan nilai konstanta α = 0.9, karena memiliki nilai RSFE terendah dan pola peramalan sesuai dengan pola histori dari permintaan aktual tahun 2016. Peta kontrol tracking signal dari model exponential smoothing (α = 0.9) menunjukkan bahwa nilai tracking signal berada dalam batas-batas pengendalian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 291, "width": 146, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4 Grafik permintaan dan exponential smoothing (α = 0.9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 328, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 Forecast terbaik periode 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 344, "width": 177, "height": 193, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Periode (n) Permintaan Aktual (A) Forecast ES (α = 0.9) Roundup ES (α = 0.9) Jan-17 161 225 226 Feb-17 115 167 168 Mar-17 71 120 121 Apr-17 636 76 76 May-17 156 580 580 Jun-17 642 198 199 Jul-17 493 598 598 Aug-17 137 503 504 Sep-17 96 174 174 Oct-17 44 104 104 Nov-17 129 50 50 Dec-17 24 121 122 Total 2704 2917 2922 Rata-rata 225 243 244", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 195, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisa Perencanaan Kebutuhan Material", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 589, "width": 195, "height": 87, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam menganalisa kebutuhan bahan baku, pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara manual dengan menggunakan metode MRP teknik Lot For Lot yaitu menentukan kuantitas pemesanan sesuai dengan kuantitas kebutuhan, sehingga tidak ada persediaan yang tersimpan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244 E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 245, "width": 148, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 MRP dengan Teknik LFL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 271, "width": 195, "height": 201, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data didapatkan total forcast order 2922 pack baterai sehingga akan membutuhkan total bahan baku cell sebanyak 2922 x 4 cell = 11.688 cell baterai dan pemesanan akan dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali pemesanan selama satu tahun dengan tanpa adanya sisa stok bahan baku ( zero inventory ). Penentuan teknik Lot For Lot ini mengacu pada hasil forecast untuk melakukan sistem produksi MTS ( Make To Stock ) yaitu melalukan produksi barang jadi untuk dijadikan persediaan sesuai dengan hasil peramalan. Maka sistem pemesanan bahan baku dipesan sesuai dengan jumlah kebutuhan berdasarkan hasil forecasting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 486, "width": 193, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Perbandingan metode MRP-LFL dan sistem pemesanan perusahaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 515, "width": 185, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uraian MRP-LFL Perusahaan Selisih Kuantitas pembelian 11688 Cell 10436 Cell 1252 Cell Kebutuhan bahan baku 11688 Cell 10816 Cell 872 Cell Frekuensi Pemesanan 12 Kali 9 Kali 3 Kali Biaya Pemesanan Rp1.800.000 Rp1.350.000 Rp450.000 Biaya Penyimpanan Rp0 Rp28.283.904 Rp28.283.904 Biaya Pembelian Rp493.704.042 Rp440.819.249 Rp52.884.793 Refund / Cancel Order 0 Cell 380 Cell 380 Cell Total biaya persediaan Rp495.504.042 Rp470.453.153 Rp25.050.889", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 194, "height": 100, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data, bahwa peramalan dengan metode MRP-LFL biaya pemesanan lebih tinggi tinggi dibandingkan peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan dengan selisih biaya pemesanan Rp450.000, serta total biaya pembelian selisih Rp52.884.793. Tetapi peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 258, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mempunyai biaya penyimpanan lebih tinggi, dengan selisih Rp28.283.904.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 283, "width": 194, "height": 151, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari data inventory, teknik peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan mengakibatkan 95 pesanan dibatalkan oleh pelanggan karena tidak tersedinya bahan baku yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi perusahaan sebanyak 380 cell (95 pack baterai cancel order ) X harga jual baterai Rp397.911,15 = Rp37.801.559,25. Jadi, peramalan dengan metode MRP- LFL lebih efisien Rp12.750.670,25 dibandingkan peramalan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 445, "width": 195, "height": 202, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari pengolahan data penelitian, didapatkan hasil peramalan dengan MRP teknik LFL ( Lot For Lot ) dapat digunakan dalam melakukan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku ditahun 2017 untuk menghilangkan kekosongan stok yang dapat mengakibatkan pelangan membatalkan pesanannya, karena dengan menggunakan MRP teknik LFL tidak terjadi kekosongan stok disetiap periode dan tidak ada pesanan yang dibatalkan oleh pelanggan, akan tetapi dampak dari penerapan metode ini adalah tidak adanya safety stock karena kuantitas bahan baku dipesan sesuai dengan kuantitas hasil forecasting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 660, "width": 142, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 685, "width": 194, "height": 63, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa kekosongan bahan baku terjadi bukan hanya kesalahan dalam melakukan peramalan dalam melakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 357, "top": 35, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profisiensi, Vol.6 No.2; 58-65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 357, "top": 47, "width": 76, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desember 2018 P-ISSN 2301-7244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 70, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2598-9987", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 92, "width": 195, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemesanan bahan baku ke pemasok, tetapi juga karena tidak adanya demand yang pasti dimasa depan karena sistem produksi perusahaan secara MTS ( Make To Stock ), sehingga sulit untuk menentukan berapa kuantitas dan kapan waktu untuk melakukan pengadaan bahan baku dengan tepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 195, "height": 214, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menghindari kekosongan bahan baku, metode MRP dengan teknik LFL ( Lot For Lot ) dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu solusi untuk mengendalikan ketersediaan bahan baku agar tidak terjadi kekosongan stok ditahun 2017, karena dengan teknik LFL ( Lot For Lot ) kuantitas bahan baku dapat dipesan sesuai dengan kuantitas kebutuhan berdasarkan hasil forecast. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan total forcast order 2922 pack baterai sehingga akan membutuhkan total bahan baku cell sebanyak 2922 x 4 cell = 11.688 cell baterai dan pemesanan akan dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali pemesanan selama satu tahun dengan tanpa adanya sisa stok bahan baku ( zero inventory ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 194, "height": 50, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran Berdasarkan kesimpulan diatas, maka saran-saran yang dapat diperikan kepada perusahaan adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 195, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Dalam melakukan peramalan kebutuhan bahan baku, perusahaan dapat menggunakan metode MRP dengan teknik LFL ( Lot For Lot ) mengingat tidak adanya minum order dari supplier.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 92, "width": 194, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menentukan safety stock bahan baku dan melakukan pemesanan bahan baku ketika sudah mencapai level limit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 130, "width": 194, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Untuk penenelitian kedepannya, agar mencoba menggunakan teknik MRP yang lain sebagai alternatif lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 206, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 218, "width": 195, "height": 291, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gaspersz, V. (2008). Production Planning And Inventory Control Berdasarkan Pendekatan Sistem Terintegrasi MRP II dan JIT Menuju Manufacturing 21. Jakarta: PT.Gramedia Indonesia. Ginting, R. (2007). Sistem Produksi. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu Gitosudarmono, I. (2007). Manajemen Operasi. Edisi 3. Yogyakarta: BPFE- YOGYAKARTA. Handoko, T. H. (2012). Dasar-dasar Manajemen Produksi Dan Operasi. Yogyakarta: BPFE-YOGYAKARTA. Heizer, J & Render, B. (2001). Prinsip- prinsip Manajemen Operasi. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Heizer, J & Render, B. (2011). Manajemen Operasi. Buku 2 Edisi 9. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Herjanto, E. (2015). Manajemen Operasi. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Grasindo. Ristono, A. (2009). Manajemen Persediaan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 337, "top": 49, "width": 180, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 2, 2022, 299 - 307 E-ISSN: 2655-0695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2437", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 291, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "299", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 453, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengelolaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer: Studi Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 273, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ghozali 1* , Diyan Ekawati 2 , Erni Munastiwi 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 166, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 452, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada lembaga pendidikan terdapat dua jenis guru dalam hal tunjangan yakni tunjangan guru PNS dan guru honorer. Guru honorer adalah tenaga pendidik yang berhak mendapatkan honorium baik perbulan maupun triwulan. Pengelolaan tunjangan merupakan cara mengolah dan mengatur suatu pembayaran yang akan diterima seseorang pekerja agar dapat mesejahteraan kehidupan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, kemudian tahapan analisis data yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan memberi informasi terkait pengelolaan tunjangan guru honorer di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengeloaan yang dilakukan Dinas Pendidikan meliputi perencanaan mulai dari mendata jumlah guru honorer dan mengelola atau memisahkan antara sumber dana APBD dan APBN yang dialokasikan ke guru honorer pada tahun sebelum tahun yang dianggarkan. Pengelompokan tunjangan guru terkait memfilter antara guru tetap dan guru tidak tetap, kemudian untuk kuota sengaja dilebihkan agar meminimalisir terjadinya penambahan guru baru serta memisahkan dan mengelompokkan guru penerima sumber dana dari APBD atau APBN. Pelaksanaan pembayaran dilakukan langsung dengan mentranfer ke nomor rekening masing- masing guru. Pengawasan oleh pihak internal (Kepala Dinas Pendidikan, Bidang Guru Dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Kepala Sekolah) dan eksternal (Inspektorat dan Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 189, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: pengelolaan; tunjangan; guru honorer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 379, "width": 104, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "History: Received : 24 Mei 2022 Revised : 14 November 2022 Accepted : 23 November 2022 Published : 05 Desember 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 440, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 451, "width": 220, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Dinas Pendidikan Kab. Bangka Tengah *Koresponden Penulis : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 379, "width": 188, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Publisher: LPM IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 409, "width": 184, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Licensed: This work is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi 4.0 Internasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 509, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 523, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru adalah cerminan teladan bagi anak didiknya dengan segala kemampuannya mentransfer pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang tulus dan rendah hati kepada anak didiknya.(Ottu dan Tamonob, 2021) Kualitas suatu pendidikan sangat ditentukan oleh kualitas gurunya, meskipun guru bukanlah satu-satunya komponen dalam dunia pendidikan.(Chisol, 2020) Kualitas guru merupakan ujung tombak dalam peningkatan kualitas dan menjadi penentu berhasil dan gagalnya suatu pendidikan.(M. R. Ramdhani, V. Hadiwiyono, 2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 454, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebijakan mengenai kesejahteraan guru menjadi salah satu hal yang sering diperbincangkan di Indoensia. Guru sekolah berdasarkan statusnya terbagi dua yaitu guru tetap yang berstatus PNS dan Guru tidak tetap atau dikenal dengan guru honorer.(Hendriani, 2019) Ikbal dkk mengutip Dessy menyebutkan guru tetap dan tidak tetap memiliki kesamaan dalam kewajiban mengajar 24 jam dalam seminggu namun berbeda dalam hal tingkat penghasilannya. Selain itu gaji guru honorer tidak sebanding dengan tanggung jawab yang mereka kerjakan.(Ikbal, 2021) senada dengan itu Nurdin juga mengatakan bahwa besaran kompensasi yang diterima guru honorer masih terbilang rendah.(Nurdin, 2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 734, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan masih terus memperjuangkan hak para guru melalui kesejahteraan guru. Salah satu pemenuhan hal tersebut ialah lewat sistem kompensasi dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 41, "width": 171, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ghozali, Diyan Ekawati, Erni Munastiwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "300", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "pekerjaan yang dilakukan guru. Kompensasi didefinisikan segala sesuatu yang diterima karyawan (guru) sebagai imbalan atas pekerjaan atau pelayanan yang telah dilakukan. (Notoatmodjo, 2009) Rivai mengemukan kompensasi adalah salah satu pelaksanaan fungsi manajemen sumber daya manusia terkait pada semua jenis pemberian reward untuk individu sebagai pertukaran atas tugas yang dilakukan di organisasi. (Rivai, 2008) kompensasi diartikan juga sebagai remunerasi atau tunjangan yang diberikan kepada guru atas pekerjaannya sesuai dengan jumah dan kualitas pekerjaan yang dilakukan. (Widodo, 2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 180, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem kompensasi berdasarkan serangkaian prinsip ilmiah yang rasional. Menurut Hasibuan sistem pembayaran kompensasi yang diterapkan meliputi 1) sistem waktu yakni pada besar kompensasi ditetapkan berdasarkan standar waktu seperti jam, minggu atau bulan. 2) sistem hasil ( output ), besar kompensasi yang dibayar selalu didasarkan kepada hasil yang dikerjakan bukan pada lamanya waktu mengerjakan. 3). Sistem borongan yang besar kompensasinya berdasarkan volume pekerjaan dan lama mengerjakan. (Hasibuan, 2010)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 272, "width": 453, "height": 109, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut Fathoni berpendapat bahwa tunjangan berupa sistem imbalan yang merupakan bagian dari kompensasi.(Fathoni, 2011) Simamora mendefinisikan tunjangan ialah pembayaran dan jasa yang melindungi yang serangkap dengan gaji pokok dimana suatu organisasi dapat membayar semua atau sebagian dari tunjangan. (Simamora, 2004) kemudian, Wibowo menyebutkan tunjangan merupakan kompensasi langsung dan kompensasi tidak langsung yang diterima pekerja dalam bentuk uang atau lainnya.(Wibowo, 2014) maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa tunjangan ialah suatu jasa atau pembayaran yang didapatkan oleh pekerja dari organisasi berupa uang atau lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 453, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gebrille dan Hogan dalam Meilani dan Rini menyatakan dalam topik terkait kondisi pelayanan guru dan kompetensi guru tunjangan yang baik akan berdampak pada guru diantaranya menyiapkan pembelajaran yang optimal, selalu hadir ke sekolah tepat waktu, masuk kelas sesuai jadwal, mengajar dengan baik dan yang lebih penting yakni mejadikan guru lebih cendrung memusatkan perhatian pada peran pekerjaannya dan menjadi mandiri serta dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan meningkatkan status dimasyarakat. (Meilani, 2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terlepas dari hal tersebut, dalam lembaga pendidikan terdapat dua jenis guru dalam hal tunjangan yakni tunjangan guru pegawai negeri sipil dan guru honorer. Mengenai hal ini penulis memfokuskan pembahasan pada guru honorer, Mulyasa mengungkapkan bahwa guru honorer adalah guru yang memiliki hak untuk menerima honorium baik perbulan maupun pertriwulan dan mendapat perlindungan hukum dan cuti oleh pemerintah berdasar pada Undang-Undang ketenagakerjaan. (Mulyasa, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 575, "width": 453, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangka Tengah yang setiap tahun diperbaharui, Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah menetapkan terkait gaji dan tunjangan guru honorer yang didalamnya disebutkan bahwa jumlah gaji dan tunjangan yang diterima oleh semua guru memilki besaran berbeda-beda yang dipengaruhi oleh jenjang pendidikan yang diampu. Selain mendapat gaji dan tunjangan, guru honorer di Bangka Tengah juga mendapatkan fasilitas kesahatan dan keselamatan kerja dengan besaran iurannya sebagian ditanggung oleh Pemda (Pemerintah Daerah) dan sisanya dipotong dari gaji guru honorer tersebut.(Surat Keputusan Pemda Bangka Tengah, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 453, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebelumnya ada beberapa penelitian yang sudah dilakukan. Pertama, “ Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan Guru di Indonesia” oleh Agus Widiarto menelaah permasalahan-permasalahan dari sisi pembagian kewenangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah UU No.23 tahun 2014 dan UU No.14 tahun 2005 tentang guru dan dosen mengenai kebijakan yang diambil.(Widiarto, 2020) Kedua, penelitian Agustina dkk yang menitikberatkan pada sistem kompensasi yang dapat menjamin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 41, "width": 326, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengelolaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer (Studi Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 511, "top": 800, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "301", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 453, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesejahteraan guru.(Agustina Dkk 2022) Ketiga, dengan judul “Studi Kasus Sistem Kompensasi Guru Honorer di Indonesia” mengangkat permasalahan isu mengenai kesejahteraan guru honorer di sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Swasta (SMK) di Indonesia dengan menggali persepsi guru honorer tentang sistem yang diterapkan di tempat kerja mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 453, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan paparan diatas, membedakan penelitian ini dengan yang sebelumnya yaitu lebih menekankan pada pengelolaan yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah tentang sistem tunjangan guru honorer khususnya di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada pembahasan yang spesifik untuk diteliti mengenai pengelolaan tunjangan guru honorer yang bertuujuan dapat memberi informasi dan mendeskripsikan pengelolaan tentang tunjangan guru honorer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 236, "width": 453, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode penelitian yang menerangkan, menjelaskan, menggambarkan, dan menjawab permasalahan yang akan diteliti dengan memahami semaksimal fenomena (suatu kejadian), individu atau kelompok.(Sugiyono, 2016) Adapun penelitian dilakukan di Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah selama dua bulan (april dan mei) 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 314, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guna memperoleh data yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan kebenarannya. Teknik penelitian menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Obervasi adalah cara memperoleh data melalui pengamatan terhadap aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung, dalam hal ini penulis mengamati pengelolaan insentif yang diterapkan dinas pendidikan Bangka Tengah. Wawancara agar mendapat informasi yang memadai dari responden, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi yang menggabungkan berbagai pengumpulan data dan sumber yang telah ada. Adapun subjek penelitian yaitu Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Kepala Bidang dan Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dan Kepala Seksi Pembinaan Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah. Dokumentasi berupa foto kegiatan dan dokumen administrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 453, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang dikumpul kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan mendeskripsikan dan mejelaskan melalui kata dan kalimat hasil yang diperoleh dalam bentuk data kuantitiaf ataupun kualitatif. Proses analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan reduksi data sebagai proses seleksi data yang diperoleh, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 569, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 590, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui Surat Edaran Menteri Tenaga Kerja (Menaker) Nomor 7 Tahun 1990, tunjangan ada dua bagian yakni tunjangan tetap merupakan tunjangan yang diberikan secara beratur kepada pegawai terlepas dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya seperti kehadiran. Sedangkan tunjangan tidak tetap ialah pembayaran yang diberikan secara langsung atau tidak langsung dari lembaga secara tidak rutin dengan pembayaran tidak bersamaan dengan gaji pokok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 668, "width": 453, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "UU Guru Dan Dosen Pasal 13 Ayat (1) menyebutkan pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah wajib menyediakan anggaran untuk peningkatan kualifikasi akademik dan sartifikasi pendidik atas guru dalam jabatan yang diangkat oleh satuan pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah,pemerintah daerah, masyarakat. Sebagai penerapannya dibentuklah PP Nomor 74 tahun 2008 menyatakan bahwa pemerintah, pemerintah provinsi, daerah kabupaten/kota dihimbau menyediakan anggaran guna peningkatan kualifikasi akademik sebagai syarat menjadi guru profesional berdasarkan ketentuan pasal 9 UU guru dan dosen. Namun ketentuan tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 41, "width": 171, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ghozali, Diyan Ekawati, Erni Munastiwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "302", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "dihapus dalam PP nomor 19 tahun 2017, maka kemudian pemerintah perlu mengalokasikan kembali anggaran untuk meningkatkan kualifikasi akademik seperti tercantum di UU Guru Dan Dosen Pasal 13 Ayat (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 453, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh sebab itu, sejak tahun 2019, Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah mengambil kebijakan bahwa guru honorer yang tidak memiliki Nomor Unik Pendidik Dan Tenaga Kependidikan (NUPTK) pembayaran gaji dan tunjangannya dialihkan menggunakan dana APBD Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah. Sebab, dalam petunjuk teknik penggunaan dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) tidak bisa mengakomodir pembayaran gaji guru honorer yang tidak mempunyai nomor NUPTK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 216, "width": 453, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, untuk anggaran tunjangan direncanakan pada tahun sebelumnya misal ditahun 2021 untuk pengajuan 2022, sebelum pengajuan itu jumlah guru didata terlebih dahulu berapa kebutuhan yang dibutuhkan dan sengaja dilebihkan sepuluh kuota untuk antisipasi jika terjadi penambahan guru honorer baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 453, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tunjangan ini dikelola langsung oleh bidang Guru dan Tenaga kependidikan namun untuk pengelolaan pembayaran itu diambil bagian keuangan. Sedangkan untuk yang bertanggung jawab dilimpahkan kepada bidang Guru dan Tenaga kependidikan sub bagian seksi pembinaan guru dan tenaga kependidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 358, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelompokan Tunjangan Guru Honorer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 380, "width": 453, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelompokkan mengenai tunjangan guru ini berdasarkan porsi kerjanya, jenis PPK apakah itu guru atau non guru, apabila guru akan dimasukkan dalam kuota guru yang disingkronisasikan dengan jumlah kuota perencanaan yang sudah disetujui sehingga pada beberapa orang bisa dialokasikan di kuota perencanaan. Selain dari dana APBD ada juga guru honorer dibayar melalui dana BOS APBN yang biasanya dibayar pada guru yang sudah mempunyai UNPTK atau tenaga honorer tidak tetap (non guru) kalau selain itu dibayar menggunakan dana APBD.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 485, "width": 453, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari bidang Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangka Tengah Nomor 188/45/45/31/DINDIK/2022 bahwa pada bulan Maret terdapat 22 guru honorer di jenjang Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini yang terdapat di tujuh sekolah PAUD Negeri, 98 Sekolah Dasar dengan total guru honorer 395 orang, dan 170 orang guru honorer tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama dari 28 sekolah di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah.(Surat Keputusan Bangka Tengah, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 591, "width": 341, "height": 142, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel. 1.1 Data Jumlah Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah Tahun 2022 No Jenjang Jumlah Guru Honorer Jumlah Sekolah 1 PAUD Negeri 22 7 2 SD 395 98 3 SMP 170 28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 744, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 41, "width": 326, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengelolaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer (Studi Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 800, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "303", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 453, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembayaran gaji dan tunjangan guru honorer dari sumber dana APBD tertuang dalam kontrak kerja antara Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah dengan guru honorer. Kontrak tersebut mejelaskan bahwa hak dan kewajiban, perhitungan pembayaran gaji dan tunjangan serta aturan lain mengenai guru honorer.(Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah, 2022) Melalui dana APBD, para guru honorer mendapat gaji dan tunjangan dengan besaran berbeda menyesuaikan aturan yang berlaku. Guru honorer di Bangka Tengah dalam kinerjanya akan mendapat perlindungan berupa jaminan kesehatan, jaminan keselamatan kerja dan jaminan hari tua serta jaminan kematian. Selain itu, mereka akan mendapatkan tunjangan penghasilan yang dibayar pertriwulan dan mendapat THR (Tunjangan Hari Raya).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 208, "width": 453, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, khusus guru honorer jenjang Sekolah Dasar yang mengampu mata pelajaran Agama ada tugas tambahan agar mendapatkan gaji lebih besar dibanding guru honorer lainnya yakni mengikuti program Magrib Mengaji dan Sajadah Fajar. Perbedaan gaji ini diberikan karena ada tugas lebih yang langsung diberikan Bupati Bangka Tengah lewat Dinas Pendidikan bangka Tengah agar melaksanakan Program Mengaji dan Salat Subuh berjamaah dimasjid, jumlah guru honorer yang mengikuti kegiatan tambahan ini yaitu 22 orang. Adapun perhitungan gaji honorer tersebut secara detailnya dapat dilihat ditabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 328, "width": 389, "height": 153, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel.1.2 Data Rincian Gaji Honorer Perjenjang Jenjang Pendidikan Gaji Tunjangan Insentif THR TK/PAUD Rp. 1.500.000 Rp. 1.500.000/bulan Rp. 100.000 SD Rp. 1.750.000 Rp. 100.000/bulan Rp. 100.000 Guru Mata Pelajaran PAI Rp. 2.000.000 Rp. 100.000/bulan Rp. 100.000 SMP Rp. 1.7500.000 Rp. 100.000/bulan Rp. 100.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 485, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Bidang Guru Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembayaran gaji guru honorer secara rutin dibayar setiap bulan ke rekening bank masing- masing. Selama periode 2019 sampai 2022 sudah ada tiga kali kenaikan gaji pokok bagi guru honorer, kenaikan berkisar antara seratus ribu hingga dua ratus lima puluh ribu. Tunjangan gaji dibayarkan diawal bulan (guru dibayar dulu baru bekerja) misalnya pada tanggal 1 Januari untuk pembayaran bulan tersebut, terus untuk insentif dibayar per 4-5 bulan sekali menjelang Idul Fitri atau menjelang ahir tahun, sedangkan untuk THR dibayarkan pada H-10 lebaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 453, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kontrak kerja ini hanya berlaku selama satu tahun dan akan diperbaharui setiap 12 bulannya. Pembaharuan atau perpanjangan kontrak kerja tersebut berdasarkan pada penilaian kinerja guru honorer selama satu tahun terakhir yang dinilai langsung oleh atasan atau kepala sekolah secara objektif dengan nilai minimal baik atau jika dikonversikan ke dalam angka, nilai kerja harus mencapai angka 76 (tujuh puluh enam).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 698, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengawasan Tunjangan Guru Honorer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 719, "width": 453, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengawasan tunjangan dilakukan pertama melakukan saringan (filter) dan memvalidasi nomor rekening dan nama rekening, kemudian membuat berupa fakta integritas dari kepala sekolah yang menandakan bahwa guru yang bersangkutan masih aktif. Pihak yang terlibat dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 41, "width": 171, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ghozali, Diyan Ekawati, Erni Munastiwi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "304", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 453, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengawasan meliputi guru dan tenaga kependidikan sebagai pengelola, kepala dinas sebagai pejabat pembuat komitmen pengelolaan tunjangan, dan kepala sekolah sebagai atasan atau orang yang bertanggung jawab atas ada tidaknya guru disekolah. Kemudian untuk pihak ekternalnya dilakukan pengawasani oleh inspektorat dan BPK yang memeriksa secara rutin setiap tahun. Pemeriksaan mengenai pemberkasan pencairan yang dilakukan diahir tahun setelah berjalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 453, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru honorer terus ditingkatkan oleh Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah, mulai dari pengajuan kenaikan gaji guru honorer dan menambah besaran tunjangan lainnya. Sebab, dengan meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru honorer maka akan berpengaruh pada tingkat kinerjanya. Selain dari tunjangan Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah juga berupaya meningkatkan kompetensi guru melalui pelatihan, memberi kesempatan untuk ikut kegiatan-kegiatan kedinasan seperti ajang kompetensi guru berprestasi, memberi bimbingan belajar untuk persiapan mengikuti test penerimaan calon pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja, pendidikan profesi guru, dan coaching clinik bagi calon guru penggerak guna bisa menyeimbang bahkan mampu bersaing dengan guru PNS dalam banyak hal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 308, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 330, "width": 453, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tunjangan adalah suatu pemabayaran atau imbalan yang didapat seseorang atas pekerjaannya. Tunjangan ini tentu akan mempengaruhi kinerja pekerja baik dari kehadiran maupun motivasi dan etos kerjanya apalagi pada lembaga pendidikan yang terdapat dua jenis guru dalam hal tunjangan yaitu guru pegawai negeri sipil dan guru honorer. Guna mensejahterakan guru honorer tersebut Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah memberikan semaksimal mungkin mengenai tunjangan diberikan yang tidak lepas juga dari pengelolaan tunjangan guru. Pengelolaan disini mulai dari perencanaan, pengelompokan, pelaksanaan pembayaran dan pengawasan dilakukan baik dari pihak internal mapun eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 471, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agustina Pitriyani, Yustinus Sanda, Scolastika, Y. dan W. G. M. (2022). Sistem Kompensasi Dalam Menjamin Kesejahteraan Guru Honorer di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri. Jurnal Basicedu , Vol.6 No.3 , hlm.4004-4015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 543, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chisol, A. A. dan R. (2020). Rasa Syukur Kaitanya Dengan Kesejahteraan Psikologis Pada Guru Honerer Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Proyeksi , Vol.13 No. , hlm.109-122.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 579, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah. (2022). Surat Perjanjian Kontrak Kerja Nomor 800/613/Dindik/2022 . Dinas Pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 453, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Esdras. (2022). Wawancara Kepala Bidang dan Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 429, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fathoni, A. (2011). Metodelogi Penelitian dan Teknik Penyusunan Skripsi (p. 294). Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fedri. (2022). Kepala Seksi Pengembangan Kompetensi dan Kualifikasi Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 341, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasibuan. (2010). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Revisi). Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 730, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hendriani, L. R. G. dan W. (2019). Psychological Well-Being Pada Guru Honorer di Indonesia: A Literature Review. Jurnal Psikoislamedia , Vol 4 No. , hm.106.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 41, "width": 326, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengelolaan Tunjangan Guru Honorer (Studi Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 511, "top": 800, "width": 14, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "305", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ikbal, D. D. dari M. (2021). Pengaruh Konpensasi Kinerja Guru Honorer di SD Negeri 30 Tongke- Tongke Kabupaten Sinjai. Jurnal Adz-Dzahab , Vol. 6 No. , hlm. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 321, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar. (2022). Wawancara Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Bangka Tengah .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 133, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. R. Ramdhani, V. Hadiwiyono, L. H. (2017). Dampak Sartifikasi Guru Terhadap Perilaku Sosial dan Ekonomi Guru di Kabupaten Ngawi. Jurnal Ekuitas: Ekonomi Dan Keuangan , Vol.2 No.1 , hlm. 106-129.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meilani, S. A. dan R. I. (2021). Studi Kasus Sistem Kompensasi Guru Honorer di Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran , Vol.6 No. , hlm 181.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merry. (2022). Kepala Seksi Pembinaan Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyasa. (2016). Manajemen Pendidikan Kerakater . Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 343, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notoatmodjo. (2009). Development of Human Resources . PT. Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdin. (2021). Guru Honorer Dalam Upaya Memperoleh Status Kepagawaian Tenaga Pendidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Jurnal Murhum: Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , Vol.2 No.2 , 10–19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 378, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rivai. (2008). Human Resource Management For Companies . PT. Grapindo Persada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 352, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simamora, H. (2004). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (Edisi 3). STIE YPKN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, . Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 386, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamonob, O. dan. (2021). Profesi Guru Adalah Misi Hidup . Penerbit Adab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 408, "width": 453, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tengah, S. K. B. B. (2022). Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangka Tengah Tentang Penetapan Pegawai Kontrak Kegiatan Dalam Kegiatan Honorium Guru Tidak Tetap dan Pegawai tidak Tetap Jenjang TK, SD dan SMP Pada Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah . Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bangka Tengah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 471, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wibowo. (2014). Manajemen Kinerja (Edisi ke-4, p. hlm. 290). Rajawali Pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 493, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widiarto, A. (2020). Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan Guru di Indonesia. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah- Masalah Sosial , 11 (1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v11i1.1525", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widodo. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia . 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[ { "left": 173, "top": 711, "width": 314, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "BEMAS: JURNAL BERMASYARAKAT is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 81, "width": 231, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4, Nomor 1, September 2023, hlm 92-101", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 105, "width": 224, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "BEMAS: JURNAL BERMASYARAKAT p ISSN 2745 5866 | e ISSN 2745 7958 http://jurnal.sttmcileungsi.ac.id/index.php/bemas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 155, "width": 406, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemberdayaan peer edukator dalam edukasi manajemen self-care pada mahasiswa keperawatan penderita premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 191, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dwi Sri Handayani 1* , Widiastuti 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 207, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1* Program Studi Keperawatan, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 224, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFORMASI ARTIKEL", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 223, "top": 224, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 235, "width": 92, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Article History: Submission:19-05-2023 Revised:23-06-2023 Accepted:23-06-2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 284, "width": 68, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "* Korespondensi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 295, "width": 121, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dwi Sri Handayani [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 234, "top": 235, "width": 288, "height": 313, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) dialami oleh hampir separuh wanita usia reproduktif. Gejala PMS yang dialami oleh remaja sekolah berdampak pada kegiatan sekolah yaitu kurangnya konsentrasi belajar dan menurunnya motivasi belajar. Permasalahan mahasiswa keperawatan mengalami PMS dengan kategori gejala ringan 49,2%, gejala sedang 42,9%, dan gejala berat 7,9%. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi gejala PMS adalah dengan mengatur pola hidup sehat melalui edukasi tentang manajemen self-care PMS. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu penderita PMS mengelola dirinya sendiri dalam mengendalikan dan mengurangi gejala PMS. Metode pengabdian dilakukan tahap persiapan kuesioner online Pengetahuan Premenstrual Syndrome (KPPM) untuk mengukur pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi online tentang manajemen perawatan self-care PMS. Pengabdian diawali dengan pembentukan dan pelatihan peer edukator PMS yang berperan sebagai pendidik dalam kegiatan pendidikan manajemen self-care PMS. Sebelum edukasi, siswa di skrining untuk gejala PMS. Siswa yang terdeteksi memiliki gejala PMS diberikan edukasi manajemen self-care PMS. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa dari 93 siswa, terdapat 83 (89,25%) mengalami gejala PMS dengan tingkat ringan (3,23%), sedang (83,87%), dan berat (2,15%). Gejala PMS mengganggu aktivitas belajar dan efektivitas belajar. Hasil edukasi menunjukkan peningkatan rata-rata pengetahuan PMS dari pretest 72,8 menjadi posttest 78,2. Pengabdian untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan PMS untuk membantu siswa perempuan yang menderita PMS dilaksanakan dengan memanfaatkan peer sebagai edukator. Keberadaan peer sebagai edukator memberikan kesempatan dan kenyamanan bagi peserta sebaya untuk berdiskusi. Hasil dari pengabdian ini dilanjutkan dengan menjadikan peer edukator sebagai kader kesehatan reproduksi. Saran pelaksanaan edukasi dapat menggunakan media sosial yang lebih diminati remaja yaitu instagram atau media sosial lainnya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 554, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : Premenstrual syndrome; peer; self-care", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 571, "width": 270, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Empowering peer educators in self-care management education for nursing students with premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 622, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 234, "top": 633, "width": 285, "height": 75, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is experienced by almost half of women of reproductive age. PMS symptoms experienced by school youth impacted school activities such as lack of concentration on learning and decreased motivation to learn. The Problems Nursing students experiencing PMS with categories of mild symptoms 49.2%, moderate symptoms 42.9%, and severe symptoms 7.9%. One of the efforts to reduce PMS symptoms is by managing a healthy lifestyle through education about PMS self-care", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 34, "width": 169, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p ISSN 2745 5866 | e ISSN 2745 7958 DOI 10.37373/bemas.v4i1.592 93", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 173, "top": 713, "width": 338, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Educivilia: Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License. Copyright @ 2020 Universitas Djuanda. All Rights Reserved p-ISSN 2721-1541 | e-ISSN 2721-5113", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 349, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 366, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) merupakan kumpulan gejala fisik, psikologis dan perubahan perilaku yang terjadi beberapa hari sebelum perdarahan menstruasi dan menghilang beberapa hari selama menstruasi. Peristiwa ini dialami wanita secara berulang-ulang di setiap siklus menstruasi [1] , [2] . PMS dialami hampir setengah wanita usia reproduktif [3] , terutama dialami wanita usia muda rata-rata 18 sampai 24 tahun [4] . Menurut hasil sistematik review Prevalensi PMS lebih dari 50% terjadi pada usia remaja dan tertinggi pada remaja sekolah [5] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 434, "width": 429, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gejala PMS berdasarkan kategori tingkatan ringan sampai berat pada remaja sekolah. Pada tingkat PMS sedang sampai berat akan mengalami gejala 83,3% stres berat, 43,4% gangguan pola tidur sedangkan tingkat ringan mengalami gejala 16,7% stres berat, 56,6% gangguan pola tidur [6] . Gejala PMS yang dialami para remaja sekolah dapat berdampak pada aktivitas sekolah yaitu 46,5% menjadi kurang konsentrasi, 48,8% motivasi berkurang, 48,8% prestasi kerja buruk, 38,4% bekerja tim terganggu, 8,1% tidak masuk sekolah, 10,5% kesulitan beraktivitas dan bekerja. Selain itu gejala PMS dapat mengganggu dalam hubungan interpersonal yaitu 7% hubungan dengan teman terganggu, 5,8% hubungan dengan keluarga terganggu dan 45,3% menarik diri dari sosial [7] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 524, "width": 429, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Upaya penanganan gejala PMS dapat dilakukan dengan metode farmakologi dan non farmakologi. Upaya non farmakologi dengan pengaturan gaya hidup sehat melalui latihan atau olahraga, diet dan teknik relaksasi [1] . Pendidikan kesehatan dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan PMS dapat membantu menurunkan gejala dan tanda PMS pada siswi sekolah [8] . Salah satu upaya pendidikan kesehatan adalah menggunakan media teman sebaya yaitu sebagai peer edukator. Kemampuan peer yang memadai dapat memberikan pengetahuan kepada teman sebayanya terutama dalam peningkatan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi [9] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 603, "width": 429, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mitra pengabdian memiliki sarana penunjang kesehatan mahasiswa meliputi klinik kesehatan baik untuk kesehatan fisik dan tempat konseling kesehatan psikologi. Di masa pandemi pembelajaran dilakukan secara daring dengan pemanfaatan media online untuk komunikasi dan interaksi jarak jauh meliputi media sosial dan media interaksi visul seperti zoom dan googlemeet. Menurut penelitian [10] selama proses peralihan pembelajaran dengan metode daring selama pandemi, sebanyak 90% mahasiswa sulit berkonsentrasi selama belajar dan 84% cemas. Berdasarkan penelitian, kecemasan berhubungan dengan gejala PMS. mahasiswa dengan kecemasan berat sebanyak 3,2% PMS gejala ringan 3,2%, sedang 4,8% dan berat 1,6% dan kecemasan sedang sebanyak 3,2% gejala PMS ringan, 12,7% sedang dan 4,8% berat. Kecemasan ringan sebanyak 22,2% gejala PMS ringan, 19,0% sedang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 81, "width": 285, "height": 226, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "management. This service aims to help PMS sufferers manage themselves in controlling and reducing PMS symptoms. The service method carried out a preparation stage of the Premenstrual Syndrome Knowledge online questionnaire (KPPM) to measure knowledge before and after online education about PMS self-care management. The service begins with the formation and training of PMS peer educators who play the role of educators in PMS self-care management education activities. Before education, students were screened for PMS symptoms. Students detected to have PMS symptoms were given PMS self-care management education. The results of the dedication showed that out of 93 students, there were 83 (89.25%) experienced PMS symptoms with mild (3.23%), moderate (83.87%), and severe (2.15%) levels. PMS symptoms interfere with learning activities and learning effectiveness. The educational results showed an increase in the average PMS knowledge from pretest 72.8 to posttest 78.2. Devotion to increase PMS knowledge to help female students who suffer from PMS implemented by using peers as educators. The existence of peers as educators provide opportunities and comfort for peer participants to discuss. The results of this service continued by making peer educators reproductive health cadres. Suggestions for implementing education can use social media that is more attractive to teenagers, namely Instagram or other social media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 314, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords : Premenstrual syndrome; peer; self-care", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 34, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "94 Dwi Sri Handayani, Widiastuti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 146, "top": 51, "width": 362, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemberdayaan peer edukator dalam edukasi manajemen self-care pada mahasiswa keperawatan penderita premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 84, "width": 429, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan 1,6% berat. mahasiswa keperawatan UNISA Yogyakarta semester 7 dari 63 mahasiswa mengalami PMS dengan kategori gejala ringan 49,2%, sedang 42,9% dan berat 7,9%. Gejala yang dialami diantaranya mudah marah (100%), cemas (79,3%), mudah menangis/sensitive (68,2%), sedih/putus asa (54%), penurunan minat terhadap pekerjaan (84,1%), penurunan minat terhadap pekerjaan rumah (84,1%), penurunan aktivitas sosial (85,1%), sulit berkonsentrasi (74,6%), lelah/kekurangan energi (85,7%), makan berlebihan (manis, asin) (85,7%) dan sulit tidur (73%) dan gejala fisik (nyeri payudara, sakit kepala, nyeri sendi/otot, kembung dan berat badan bertambah (96,8%). Hasil pengukuran kecemasan, mahasiswa mengalami kecemasan ringan 42,9%, sedang 20,6% dan berat 9,5% [11] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 186, "width": 429, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PMS memiliki gejala baik fisik, psikologi dan perubahan perilaku. Gejala dapat berdampak pada aktivitas mahasiswa terutama dalam berkonsentrasi serta kecemasan berhubungan dengan keparahan gejala PMS. Adanya kasus PMS pada mahasiswa di mitra pengabdian maka penting untuk diberikan penanganan terutama di masa pandemi untuk dapat mengontrol gejala terutama gejala psikologi. Pengabdi bertujuan untuk melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat untuk membantu penderita PMS untuk dapat memanajemen diri mengontrol dan menurunkan gejala PMS agar tidak berdampak pada aktivitas sekolahnya terutama di masa pandemi ini. Pengabdian merupakan implikasi hasil penelitian Dwi Sri Handayani pada tahun 2016 yang meneliti tentang pengaruh pendidikan media sosial online untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang premenstrual syndrome sehingga bermanfaat dalam menurunkan gejala PMS [12] . Penelitian tersebut memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media untuk interaksi dan komunikasi serta materi yang dikemas dalam bentuk modul digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 310, "width": 429, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian masyarakat untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra dilakukan melalui cara pemberian edukasi tentang manajemen self-care PMS bagi mahasiswa yang mengalami PMS. Edukasi dengan memanfaatkan teman sebaya atau disebut peer sebagai edukator dalam menyampaikan informasi manajemen self-care PMS. Peer akan dipersiapkan menjadi edukator bagi teman sebayanya melalui kegiatan pelatihan peer tentang manajemen self-care PMS. Media edukasi yang digunakan menyesuaikan dengan generasi remaja yaitu menggunakan media video yang dikemas dalam video animasi grafis audio visual. Melalui media ini menjadi media menarik bagi para peserta pengabdian masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 400, "width": 429, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian masyarakat memiliki luaran berupa hak cipta (HKI) produk media edukasi yaitu video animasi grafis audio visual, hasil skrining gejala PMS, perubahan pengetahuan peserta pengabdian sebelum dan sesudah diberikan edukasi oleh peer edukator, publikasi dokumentasi foto- foto kegiatan dipublikasi di channel youtube nursing UNISA Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 452, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. METODE PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 468, "width": 429, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian Masyarakat dilaksanakan pada Maret sampai Juni 2022. Pengabdian dilakukan secara offline di UNISA Yogyakarta dan online melalui whatsapp group . Persiapan pengabdian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai April 2022. Pertama perijinan pengabdian kepada Prodi keperawatan UNISA Yogyakarta. Kedua koordinasi kegiatan pelatihan untuk peer edukator secara offline di UNISA Yogyakarta dan SATGAS Covid-19 UNISA Yogyakarta. Ketiga persiapan koordinasi dengan asisten pengabdian dan mahasiswa organisasi Himpunan Mahasiswa Ilmu Keperawatan (HIMIKA) Prodi keperawatan dalam menentukan mahasiswa tim kesehatan HIMIKA untuk menjadi peer edukator. Keempat, persiapan instrumen untuk skrining gejala PMS berdasarkan kriteria PMS dari American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), informed consent dan kuesioner pengetahuan tentang PMS. Persiapan pembuatan media edukasi yaitu video animasi grafis manajemen self-care PMS bersama HIMIKA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 593, "width": 429, "height": 123, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian masyarakat ini terdiri beberapa kegiatan meliputi persiapan edukator yaitu pelatihan peer edukator tentang manajemen self-care PMS. Tahap selanjutnya adalah skrining gejala PMS. Skrining PMS dilakukan untuk mengetahui mahasiswi prodi keperawatan UNISA Yogyakarta yang mengalami gejala PMS, dampak gejala dan penanganan yang dilakukan mahasiswi untuk mengatasi gejala. Skrining dilakukan sebelum pelaksanaan edukasi PMS oleh peer edukator. Mahasiswi yang mengalami gejala maka akan dilakukan informed consent dan berpartisipasi sebagai peserta edukasi PMS. Skrining dilakukan secara online menggunakan kuesioner meliputi identitas, kondisi menstruasi, gejala PMS, dampak yang dirasakan selama gejala dan penanganan yang dilakukan. Kuesioner skrining PMS online sebagai berikut: https://bit.ly/skriningPMS dan link tersebut dibagikan melalui penangung jawab kelas A, B, C. Mahasiswa yang mengalami gejala PMS dilakukan edukasi. Edukasi PMS menggunakan media video animasi tentang PMS dan manajemen self care yang diunggah di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 34, "width": 169, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p ISSN 2745 5866 | e ISSN 2745 7958 DOI 10.37373/bemas.v4i1.592 95", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 80, "width": 429, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "youtube dengan link: https://youtu.be/g1fAIQSIfFE . Edukasi dilakukan oleh peer edukator sebanyak 6 peer dibagi dalam 3 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok 2 peer . Tempat edukasi menggunakan whatsapp group . Sebelum edukasi. 24 jam pertama peserta dilakukan pretest pengetahuan PMS menggunakan link https://bit.ly/pretestknowledgePMSpeserta , link dibagikan melalui whatsapp group oleh asisten pengabdian. Setelah pretest kemudian diberikan video materi untuk dipelajari selama 24 jam kedua. Berikutnya 24 jam ketiga dilakukan diskusi dan brainstorming oleh peer edukator. Setelah edukasi selesai 24 jam berikutnya dilakukan posttest pengetahuan PMS dengan link https://bit.ly/posttestknowledgePMSpeserta . Edukasi di akhir setelah posttest . Evaluasi pengabdian dilakukan saat persiapan, pelaksanaan. Evaluasi persiapan melihat dalam proses rekrutmen peer , persiapan video materi, pemateri, lokasi pelatihan peer dan pelaksanaan edukasi PMS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 199, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 216, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1. Hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 228, "width": 430, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1.1. Pelatihan peer dan hasil pengetahuan pelatihan peer edukator Pelatihan peer edukator dilakukan secara offline pada tanggal 9 April 2022 di UNISA Yogyakarta. Peer edukator sejumlah 6-10 mahasiswa tim kesehatan HIMIKA Prodi keperawatan. Peer dipersiapkan sebagai edukator untuk edukasi PMS bagi mahasiswa penderita PMS. Pemateri pelatihan adalah Tenaga pendidik bidang keperawatan maternitas, bidang keperawatan medikal bedah dan bidang keperawatan Jiwa. Materi pelatihan meliputi beberapa topik dipaparkan pada Tabel 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 302, "width": 408, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 . Topik materi pelatihan peer edukator PMS No Komponen Materi Bidang Pemateri 1. Konsep menstruasi, PMS dan manajemen self-care (diet nutrisi, latihan dan aktivitas dan monitoring gejala PMS dengan kalender PMS) Keperawatan Maternitas 2. Manajemen self-care PMS (koping distres): relaksasi progresif dan koping gejala stres Keperawatan Jiwa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 374, "width": 429, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Manajemen self-care PMS (mengatasi gejala nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan PMS): manajemen keperawatan nyeri Keperawatan medikal bedah Sebelum pelatihan dilakukan pretest pengetahuan PMS pada peer edukator melalui kuesioner pengetahuan PMS dilanjutkan pelatihan. Setelah pelatihan, peer dilakukan posttest pengetahuan PMS. Pelatihan peer edukator pada Gambar 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 669, "width": 350, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1 . Kegiatan pelatihan peer edukator tentang premenstrual syndrome (PMS)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 687, "width": 429, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelatihan peer edukator dilakukan evaluasi meliputi pretest dan posttest untuk mengetahui perubahan pengetahuan PMS sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Hasil pretest dan posttest peer edukator pada Tabel 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 34, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "96 Dwi Sri Handayani, Widiastuti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 146, "top": 51, "width": 362, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemberdayaan peer edukator dalam edukasi manajemen self-care pada mahasiswa keperawatan penderita premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 85, "width": 320, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2 . Hasil pretest dan posttest pengetahuan pelatihan peer edukator tentang PMS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 96, "width": 428, "height": 184, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No Kode Peer Edukator Pretest Posttest 1. Peer 1 70 90 2. Peer 2 80 100 3. Peer 3 20 50 4. Peer 4 25 95 5. Peer 5 70 70 6. Peer 6 20 95 7. Peer 7 90 100 8. Peer 8 30 40 9. Peer 9 70 90 10. Peer 10 45 90 Rata-rata 52 82 Tabel 2 menunjukkan terdapat perubahan rata-rata nilai pretest dan posttest yaitu 52 menjadi 82. Hal ini menggambarkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peer edukator selama diberikan pelatihan tentang manajemen self-care PMS.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 287, "width": 430, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1.2. Hasil skrining gejala PMS sebelum dilakukan edukasi Skrining PMS dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2022 dan diikuti oleh 93 mahasiswa keperawatan semester 4. Peserta Pengabdian masyarakat yaitu mahasiswa keperawatan Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Hasil Skrining sebagai berikut pada Tabel 3 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 340, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3 . Hasil skrining gejala PMS mahasiswa keperawatan (n=93)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 351, "width": 356, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No Komponen PMS Jumlah 1. Tingkatan Gejala PMS a. Tidak PMS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 387, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. PMS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 152, "top": 399, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Gejala PMS ringan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 152, "top": 375, "width": 328, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Gejala PMS Sedang 3) Gejala PMS Berat 10 (10.75%) 83 (89.25%) 3 (3,23%)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 426, "top": 411, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "78 (83,87%)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 423, "width": 362, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 (2,15%) 2. Dampak Gejala PMS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 447, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Gejala tidak mengganggu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 459, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Gejala aktivitas sehari-hari", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 471, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Gejala mengganggu belajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 482, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Gejala mengganggu diri sendiri/mood", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 494, "width": 222, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Gejala mengganggu hubungan dengan orang lain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 506, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Gejala aktivitas, belajar dan hubungan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 518, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "g. Gejala mengganggu interaksi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 426, "top": 447, "width": 13, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 59 5 4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 426, "top": 494, "width": 8, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 2 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 530, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Gejala mengganggu Aktivitas Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 542, "width": 326, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Gejala mengganggu belajar di sekolah b. Gejala mengganggu keefektifan belajar 3 2 4. Penanganan saat muncul gejala Yang sering dilakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 578, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Kontrol diri (menahan marah)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 590, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Tidak melakukan apapun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 601, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Tidur", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 613, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Beristirahat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 625, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Tidak minum kafein", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 637, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Banyak minum air putih", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 649, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "g. Berdiam diri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 661, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "h. Menangis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 673, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "i. Mengompres perut dengan air hangat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 685, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "j. Banyak makan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 696, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "k. Refleksi (mencari hiburan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 708, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "l. Konsumsi obat pereda nyeri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 34, "width": 169, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p ISSN 2745 5866 | e ISSN 2745 7958 DOI 10.37373/bemas.v4i1.592 97", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 81, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "m. Makan manis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 93, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "n. Istighfar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 105, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "o. Marah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 116, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p. Mandi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 128, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "q. Pijat relaksasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 146, "width": 429, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan dari 93 mahasiswa yang mengikuti skrining terdapat 83 mengalami gejala PMS dan 10 mahasiswi tidak mengalami gejala PMS. Gejala ringan dengan karakteristik gejala tidak mengganggu dialami sebanyak 3 mahasiswi, gejala sedang dengan karakteristik gejala mengganggu aktivitas/kegiatan dialami 78 mahasiswa dan gejala berat dengan karakteristik gejala sangat mengganggu aktivitas/kegiatan dialami 2 mahasiswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 211, "width": 430, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1.3. Edukasi peserta dan hasil evaluasi pengetahuan peserta pengabdian masyarakat Edukasi PMS dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2022 selama tiga hari. Edukasi diikuti oleh 60 peserta penderita PMS. Kegiatan edukasi menggunakan media whatsapp group dipandu oleh peer edukator. Edukasi PMS pada Gambar 2 dan Gambar 3 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 461, "width": 425, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2 . Kegiatan edukasi premenstrual syndrome (PMS) media video animasi manajemen self-care PMS melalui whatsapp group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 490, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2 menunjukkan kegiatan edukasi oleh peer edukator melalui media whatsapp group . Dalam kegiatan peer edukator memulai edukasi dengan membagikan video edukasi tentang manajemen self-care PMS dengan membagikan link youtube. Edukasi dibagi dalam 3 kelas A, B, C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 711, "width": 303, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3 . Kegiatan diskusi peserta dalam whatsapp group edukasi PMS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 34, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "98 Dwi Sri Handayani, Widiastuti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 146, "top": 51, "width": 362, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemberdayaan peer edukator dalam edukasi manajemen self-care pada mahasiswa keperawatan penderita premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Gambar 3 menunjukkan kegiatan diskusi oleh peserta dan peer edukator setelah edukasi menggunakan media video melalui Whatsapp Group . Peserta menyampaikan dan menanyakan tentang gejala PMS yang dialami dan penanganannya. Video animasi manajemen self-care pada gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 435, "width": 358, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4 . Video animasi grafis manajemen self-care premenstrual syndrome (PMS): https://youtu.be/g1fAIQSIfFE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 464, "width": 429, "height": 71, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Gambar 4 merupakan video animasi grafis self-care PMS yang digunakan sebagai media edukasi oleh peer edukator. Video berisikan materi tentang konsep PMS dan jenis-jenis manajemen self-care PMS. Video di unggah di youtube terlebih dahulu sebelum digunakan untuk media edukasi. Evaluasi hasil edukasi dilihat dari pretest dan posttest pengetahuan PMS. Evaluasi Jumlah peserta dari 60 yang bergabung dalam whatsapp edukasi hanya 23 peserta yang mengisi lengkap pretest dan posttest . Hasil pretest dan posttest pada Gambar 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 542, "width": 298, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4 . Hasil pretest dan posttest pengetahuan pelatihan peserta tentang PMS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 553, "width": 178, "height": 166, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kode Peserta Pretest Posttest 1. Peserta 1 70 80 2. Peserta 2 75 75 3. Peserta 3 75 85 4. Peserta 4 90 100 5. Peserta 5 35 45 6. Peserta 6 80 95 7. Peserta 7 65 75 8. Peserta 8 85 100 9. Peserta 9 75 90 10. Peserta 10 75 60 11. Peserta 11 80 95 12. Peserta 12 70 75 13. Peserta 13 80 75", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 34, "width": 169, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p ISSN 2745 5866 | e ISSN 2745 7958 DOI 10.37373/bemas.v4i1.592 99", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 81, "width": 178, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kode Peserta Pretest Posttest 14. Peserta 14 65 70 15. Peserta 15 70 70 16. Peserta 16 55 75 17. Peserta 17 80 80 18. Peserta 18 60 45 19. Peserta 19 80 80 20. Peserta 20 60 60 21. Peserta 21 95 100 22. Peserta 22 70 85 23. Peserta 23 90 90 24. Peserta 24 80 85 25. Peserta 25 60 65 Rata-rata 72,8 78,2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4 menunjukkan terdapat perubahan rata-rata nilai pretest dan posttest pengetahuan yaitu 72,8 menjadi 78,2. Hal ini menggambarkan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan peserta selama diberikan edukasi tentang manajemen self-care PMS melalui metode peer edukator dan media video animasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 295, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2. Pembahasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 310, "width": 429, "height": 153, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan mahasiswa keperawatan tentang manajemen self care premenstrual syndrome (PMS) menggunakan media peer edukator menunjukkan bahwa upaya pelatihan peer edukator dan manfaatnya untuk edukasi bagi mahasiswa penderita PMS menunjukkan hasil peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan edukasi. Berdasarkan hasil dalam artikel pengabdian masyarakat bahwa edukasi menggunakan kelompok sebaya ( peer group ) efektif dalam menurunkan kecemasan remaja dalam menghadapi kecemasan maka penggunaan peer edukator sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang PMS dan kecemasan terhadap PMS [13] . Pengetahuan remaja tentang kesehatan reproduksi juga dipengaruhi oleh peran teman sebaya ( peer ) [9] . Metode yang dapat digunakan dalam pemanfaatan teman sebaya sebagai peer edukator menggunakan tahapan kegiatan pengisian kuesioner, edukasi atau penyuluhan dan pelatihan peer [14] . Pengabdian masyarakat melalui kegiatan pemberian pendidikan kesehatan atau penyuluhan dapat memberi perubahan pada tingkat pengetahuan remaja tentang PMS yang meliputi konsep PMS, gejala PMS dan upaya pencegahan PMS dengan modifikasi gaya hidup [15] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 464, "width": 429, "height": 95, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengabdian masyarakat terjadi perubahan pengetahuan peserta tentang PMS dari sebelum dan setelah diberikan edukasi. Hasil sejalan dengan pengabdian masyarakat sebelumnya tentang peningkatan pengetahuan PMS melalui paket edukasi yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan paket edukasi. Paket edukasi meliputi pemberian edukasi materi PMS tentang gejala dan penanganan [16] . Evaluasi pelatihan peer sebagai edukator PMS dilakukan secara offline yang mana saat pelatihan pemateri aktif melibatkan peer untuk diskusi dan demonstrasi teknik relaksasi progresif. Terdapat peer yang berdiskusi tentang pendalaman materi teknik koping distres.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 560, "width": 429, "height": 129, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Evaluasi pelaksanaan edukasi, peer sangat aktif brainstorming , terdapat peserta yang menanyakan sebagian besar adalah alasan kenapa muncul gejala nyeri, kemudian penanganan nyeri dan gejala banyak makan serta tentang cara memonitoring gejala. Saat pelaksanaan edukasi menggunakan whatsapp oleh peer edukator selain menggunakan media video, media lain yang digunakan adalah gambar-gambar tentang manajemen self-care PMS untuk mendukung penjelasan video dan diskusi. Evaluasi keterlibatan peserta dalam edukasi dan diskusi masih kurang aktif dan belum terbuka untuk berdiskusi tentang gejala PMS yang dialami. Edukasi dengan pemanfaatan peer edukator dan media video animasi dalam pengabdian masyarakat menunjukkan dapat membantu dalam peningkatan pengetahuan tentang kesehatan untuk itu penting sekali keberlanjutan pemanfaatan peer edukator dalam edukasi teman sebaya dengan selalu dilakukan monitoring secara berkala untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dan hambatan program peer edukator [17] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 696, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 34, "width": 145, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "100 Dwi Sri Handayani, Widiastuti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 146, "top": 51, "width": 362, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemberdayaan peer edukator dalam edukasi manajemen self-care pada mahasiswa keperawatan penderita premenstrual syndrome", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengabdian dengan metode edukasi manajemen self-care PMS dalam upaya membantu mahasiswi yang mengalami PMS dapat diterapkan dengan pemanfaatan teman sebaya atau peer sebagai edukator. Adanya peer sebagai edukator memberi kesempatan dan kenyamanan bagi peserta sebaya untuk berdiskusi dan sharing. Hasil pengabdian ini dapat dilanjutkan dengan menjadikan peer edukator sebagai kader kesehatan reproduksi di sekolah. Saran untuk pelaksanaan edukasi dapat menggunakan media sosial yang lebih banyak diminati remaja yaitu instagram atau media sosial lain dan dapat dikemas dalam bentuk podcast seputar kesehatan reproduksi remaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 174, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ucapan Terima kasih disampaikan kepada prodi keperawatan Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta atas pemberian dukungan dalam keterlaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 221, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 238, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, “Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) - ACOG,” Premenstrual Syndr. , pp. 1–3, 2015, [Online]. Available:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 123, "top": 262, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Premenstrual-Syndrome-PMS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 274, "width": 428, "height": 46, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[2] National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome, “Guidelines on Premenstrual Syndrome The National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome BSc MRCOG MFSRH NAPS Guidelines on Guidelines on Premenstrual Syndrome Chairman of the National Association for Premenstrual Syndrome,” Int. Health , 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 321, "width": 429, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[3] T. G. Geta, G. G. Woldeamanuel, and T. T. Dassa, “Prevalence and associated factors of premenstrual syndrome among women of the reproductive age group in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis,” PLoS One , vol. 15, no. 11 November, pp. 1–12, 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241702.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 369, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[4] A. V. Thodupunuri, S. F. Samer, and M. A. Hassan, “A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome in Young Females,” Int. J. Physiol. , vol. 8, no. 04, pp. 2–5, 2020, doi: 10.37506/ijop.v8i4.1698.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 405, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[5] C. R. Katjiukua, N. Simon, A. 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June 2015, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 607, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[10] A. Fitzgerald and S. Konrad, “Transition in learning during COVID-19: Student nurse anxiety, stress, and resource support,” Nurs. Forum , no. October 2020, 2021, doi: 10.1111/nuf.12547.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 631, "width": 429, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[11] M. Fitriani, “Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) Pada Mahasiswi Semester VI Prodi Keperawatan Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta Tahun 2020,” ’Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University, 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 666, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[12] D. S. Handayani, E. D. Hapsari, and W. 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[ { "left": 316, "top": 15, "width": 212, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABDIMAS GALUH Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2021, 255-264", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "255", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 71, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN USAHA UKM KERUPUK PULI MELALUI PELATIHAN DAN PENDAMPINGAN MANAJEMEN PENGEMASAN PRODUK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 113, "width": 375, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPROVING PULI CRACKER SME BUSINESS THROUGH PRODUCT PACKAGING MANAGEMENT TRAINING AND ASSISTANCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 152, "width": 281, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 181, "width": 275, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang , Jln. S. Supriyadi 48 Malang *Email: [email protected] (Diterima 17-05-2021; Disetujui 13-08-2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 231, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 442, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerupuk puli merupakan produk makanan berbahan dasar beras yang sangat digemari oleh masyarakat. Kerupuk ini mudah dijumpai dimana saja. Selain harganya yang murah, kerupuk ini banyak disukai masyarakat karena rasanya gurih dan mudah didapat. Hal inilah yang menjadikan masyarakat banyak membuka peluang usaha dengan menjual kerupuk puli tersebut. Beberapa diantara UKM yang telah mengelola usaha pembuatan kerupuk puli ini adalah UKM milik Ibu Yati yang bertempat di Kelayatan Gang 2, RT 10, RW 12 Desa Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Pemilik UKM tersebut menjadi mitra dalam kegiatan PKM ini. Permasalahan yang ada pada mitra ini adalah proses pengemasan yang kurang baik. Selama ini mitra menggunakan lilin dalam mengemas kerupuk puli yang telah dikemas dalam plastik. Kurang merekatnya plastik yang direkatkan tersebut menyebabkan kerupuk terkontaminasi dengan udara luar sehingga mudah melempem dan menjadi kurang higienis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari diadakannya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pendampingan dan pelatihan manajemen pengemasan produk kerupuk puli kepada mitra UKM Kerupuk Puli. Metode yang digunakan adalah transfer ilmu pengetahuan terkait dengan desain merek dagang maupun manajemen pengemasan yang menarik kepada pemilik usaha. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah mitra memiliki tambahan pengetahuan terkait pengemasan produknya agar lebuh baik dan menarik serta mampu membuat merek dagang sederhana. Sementara, dampak positif yang terjadi setelah dilakukan kegiatan ini adalah mitra mampu menghasilkan produk kerupuk puli yang lebih berkualitas dikarenakan dengan proses pengemasan yang baik kemasan kerupuk tidak akan mudah bocor sehingga kerupuk tidak mudah melempem (tetap renyah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Kerupuk Puli, Manajemen Pengemasan, Merek Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 484, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 442, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Puli crackers are rice-based food products that are very popular with the community. These crackers are easy to find anywhere. In addition to the cheap price, these crackers are liked by many people because they are delicious and easy to get. This is what makes many people open up business opportunities by selling these puli crackers. Some of the UKM that have managed this puli cracker-making business are the UKM owned by Mrs. Yati which are located in Kelayatan Gang 2, RT 10, RW 12 Kecamatan Sukun, Malang City, East Java. The UKM owner becomes a partner in this PKM activity. The problem with this partner is the poor packaging process. Partners have used candles in packing Puli crackers that have been packaged in plastic. The lack of adhesiveness of the glued plastic causes the crackers to be contaminated with outside air so that they easily become sluggish and less hygienic. The purpose of holding this community service activity is to provide assistance and training on packaging management. The method used is the transfer of knowledge related to trademark design and attractive packaging management to business owners. The result is UKM have additional knowledge related to packaging their products so that they are better and more attractive and be able to create simple trademarks. The positive impact was that partners were able to produce higher quality Puli cracker products because with a good packaging process the cracker packaging would not leak easily so that the crackers stay crunchy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 256, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Puli Crackers, Packaging Management, Trademark", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 14, "width": 397, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Usaha Ukm Kerupuk Puli Melalui Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Manajemen Pengemasan Produk Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "256", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerupuk adalah produk kering yang diperoleh dari tapioka atau tepung lain, dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan lain, sesuai dengan jenis makanan. Kerupuk menjadi makanan ringan khas Indonesia yang sangat dikenal dan digemari oleh masyarakat. Konsumsi kerupuk bukanlah sebagai makanan utama melainkan sebagai makanan pendamping atau lauk karena rasanya yang gurih dan enak yang dapat menambah selera makan (Rosiani, Basito, & Widowati, 2015). Salah satu kerupuk yang banyak dijumpai dimasyarakat adalah kerupuk puli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 237, "width": 443, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerupuk puli ini dibuat dari adonan tepung tapioka dan mengandung pati yang cukup tinggi. Kerupuk sangat beragam dalam bentuk, ukuran, warna, bau, rasa, kerenyahan, ketebalan ataupun nilai gizinya. Kerupuk puli tradisional umumnya mempunyai warna kecoklatan dan pada umumnya menggunakan tapioka sebagai patinya (Karjo, Suseno, & Utomo, 2015). Dalam proses pembuatannya, selain bawang putih yang digunakan sebagai penyedap, juga masih ada bahan tambahan yaitu garam bleng (Hariyani, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerupuk yang banyak digemari oleh masyrakat ini, membuka peluang bisnis bagi banyak industri rumahan untuk mengelola usaha penjualan kerupuk puli. Beberapa diantara UKM yang telah mengelola usaha pembuatan kerupuk bawang ini adalah UKM milik Ibu Yati yang bertempat di Kelayatan Gang 2, RT 10, RW 12 Desa Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 464, "width": 443, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemasaran dilakukan secara langsung dengan mendatangi tempat penjualan di warung, toko, kantin sekolah dan pabrik dengan dibantu oleh reseller. Karena produk kerupuk ini banyak yang di titipkan di kantin sekolah, sehingga penjualan dapat meningkat saat anak sekolah masuk, namun saat liburan sekolah produk kerupuk yang terjual hanya sedikit. Namun, berbeda halnya dengan kerupuk yang dititipkan di warung, toko dan kantin pabrik. Di tempat-tempat tersebut hampir setiap hari kerupuk yang dikirimkan habis terjual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 609, "width": 442, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pembuatan kerupuk bawang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu tahap pembuatan dan pengukusan adonan, pengirisan lontong kerupuk, penjemuran dan penggorengan. Bahan dasar pembuatan makanan ini adalah tepung tapioka. Dalam pembuatan adonan dibutuhkan waktu sekitar + 35-40 menit. Untuk bahan baku, tidak terdapat masalah yang signifikan. Karena bahan baku pembuatan kerupuk ini mudah didapat dan harganya terjangkau dipasaran. Setiap hari, UKM milik Ibu Yati memproduksi sekitar 15 kg kerupuk dan proses pengemasan dilakukan dengan alat sekadarnya yaitu menggunakan lilin. Kerupuk puli milik Ibu Yati memiliki banyak peminat namun dari pelanggan sering", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 15, "width": 212, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABDIMAS GALUH Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2021, 255-264", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "257", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengeluhkan bahwa kerupuk yang dibeli terkadang ada yang melempem sehingga pelanggan sering menukarkan kembali kerupuk yang melempem tersebut karena tidak laku jika dijual kembali. Hal ini tentunya sangat merugikan bagi mitra. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan manajemen pengemasan produk kerupuk puli yang baik serta menarik. Melalui kegiatan tersebut, diharapkan dapat meningatkan kualitas produk mitra serta mampu meningkatkan penjualan usaha mitra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BAHAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 442, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Mei - Juni 2021 yang bertempat dikediaman Ibu Yati sebagai pemilik usaha yaitu di Kelayatan Gang 2, RT 10, RW 12 Desa Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur. Dalam pelaksanaannya akan dihadiri oleh 4 orang karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode pelaksanaan yang akan dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan pemilik usaha ini dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari diagram di atas dapat dijelaskan rencana kegiatan yang akan dilakukan antara lain sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 392, "width": 184, "height": 194, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulai Pelaksanaan Pelatihan dan Pendampingan a. Pengenalan Hand Sealer pada Mitra b. Pelatihan pembuatan merek produk c. Pelatihan pengemasan produk yang baik d. Pengoperasian Hand Sealer dan Perawatannya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 586, "width": 191, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Pendampingan penggunaan mandiri Hand Sealer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 597, "width": 165, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "serta pengemasan produk oleh pemilik UKM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 433, "width": 165, "height": 224, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi dan Monitoring Persiapan Pelatihan dan Pendampingan a. Studi Literature Kebutuhan dan Produksi Kerupuk Puli b. Desain dan Pembuatan Merek Kerupuk Puli c. Persiapan Bahan dan Alat", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 227, "top": 495, "width": 172, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Penentuan Waktu dan Tempat Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Pengabdian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 204, "top": 717, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Diagram Alir Pelaksanaan Kegiatan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 298, "top": 688, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selesai", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 14, "width": 397, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Usaha Ukm Kerupuk Puli Melalui Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Manajemen Pengemasan Produk Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "258", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Persiapan Pelatihan dan Pendampingan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 443, "height": 199, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap awal persiapan pelatihan dan pendampingan ini dimulai dengan studi literature mengenai kebutuhan dan proses produksi kerupuk puli, proses desain dan pembuatan merek produk sebagai ciri khas dari UKM kerupuk tersebut. Selanjutnya, mempersiapkan alat dan bahan-bahan yang akan digunakan pada saat pelatihan dan proses pendampingan. Alat untuk proses pengemasan ini adalah hand sealer yang digunakan untuk merekatkan plastik kemasan kerupuk. Sementara alat dan bahan lainnya seperti plastik, kerupuk puli, dan baskom plastik telah disiapkan oleh mitra. Hal yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah komunikasi dengan mitra sebagai sasaran dari kegiatan ini dalam keikutsertaannya pada kegiatan pelatihan terutama dalam menentukan waktu dan tempat pelaksanaan pelatihan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Pelaksanaan Worksop dan Pendampingan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 443, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan pelatihan dan pendampingan dilakukan untuk melatih mitra dalam mengoperasikan Hand Sealer secara langsung beserta perawatan dan trouble shooting . Kegiatan selanjutnya adalah memberikan pelatihan tentang manajemen pengemasan yang baik dan menarik. Hal ini dilakukan agar produksi kerupuk puli mitra memiliki kualitas lebih baik sehingga mampu memiliki daya saing lebih tinggi dari produk sejenisnya. Trainer yang akan mengisi kegiatan worksop dan pendampingan ini adalah Tim Pengabdi yang memiliki kompetensi sesuai kebutuhan mitra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 485, "width": 311, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Materi Kegiatan dan Pemateri No Materi Pemateri 1 Pengenalan Hand Sealer Chandra Sundaygara, M.Pd. 2 Pelatihan Pengoperasian Hand Sealer Chandra Sundaygara, M.Pd.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 569, "width": 305, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Pelatihan Desain Merek Produk Chandra Sundaygara, M.Pd. 4 Pelatihan Manajemen Pengemasan Riski Nur I. D., M.Si. 5 Pendampingan pengoperasian mandiri oleh mitra bersama tim Riski Nur I. D., M.Si. 6 Pelatihan dan pendampingan pengoperasi mesin secara mandiri oleh pemilik usaha Riski Nur I. D., M.Si.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 697, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Partisipasi dari UKM Kerupuk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 718, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kegiatan ini seluruhnya melibatkan partisipasi dari mitra secara langsung. Mitra telah sanggup untuk menyediakan waktu dan tempat serta bahan-bahan dan peralatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 15, "width": 211, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABDIMAS GALUH Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2021, 255-264", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "259", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang digunakan dalam produksi kerupuk puli. Model yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah model partisipasi penuh dari mitra yang dimaksudkan untuk menanamkan rasa kepemilikan serta membantu mitra dalam meningkatkan hasil produksi kerupuk. Dengan partisipasi penuh ini, diharapkan kedepannya dapat membantu mitra untuk menghasilkan omzet yang lebih besar secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Monitoring dan Evaluasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 216, "width": 443, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap monitoring dan evaluasi dilakukan agar proses keberlanjutan oleh mitra yang tentunya masih membutuhkan pembimbingan dalam proses pelaksanaan program. Tahap ini akan dilaksanakan bersama mitra setiap tiga bulan sekali setelah dilaksanakannya program. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari tahap ini antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 293, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Melihat perkembangan program yang telah dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 336, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengetahui kendala yang ada dalam proses pelaksanaan program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 221, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Mencari solusi terhadap masalah yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 361, "width": 443, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses monitoring dan evaluasi ini akan dilakukan oleh tim pegabdi bersama mitra. Dengan demikian, kendala maupun kekurangan yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan program dapat diperbaiki menjadi lebih baik sehingga program yang dilaksanakan benar-benar efektif dan maksimal serta bersinergis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 158, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 443, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kegiatan ini tim pengabdian memberikan Hand Sealer yang akan memudahkan mitra dalam proses pengemasan produk kerupuk puli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 245, "top": 684, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Hand Selaer", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 121, "top": 705, "width": 237, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spesifikasi hand sealer diberikan sebagai berikut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 725, "width": 209, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tipe : Side Cutter Model. b. Model : PCS200C.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 14, "width": 397, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Usaha Ukm Kerupuk Puli Melalui Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Manajemen Pengemasan Produk Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "260", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Impulse Power", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 71, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 300W.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Seal Length", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 92, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 200mm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Seal Width", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 113, "width": 37, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 2mm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Machine Weight : 2.7 kg.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 154, "width": 309, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara, hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan diberikan sebagai berikut", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 175, "width": 416, "height": 363, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian No Kegiatan Pengabdian Tanggal Pelaksanaan Hasil Kegiatan 1 Pengenalan Hand Sealer 24 Mei 2021 Dari kegiatan ini, mitra mengetahui alat-alat dan bahan yang dapat digunakan dalam mengemas produknya gar lebih baik 2 Pelatihan Pengoperasian Hand Sealer 26 Mei 2021 Mitra mengetahui cara penggunaan dan perawatan alat dengan baik 3 Pelatihan Desain Merek Produk 31 Mei 2021 Mitra telah mengetahui pembuatan desain merek sederhana dengan munggunakan aplikasi mobile 4 Pelatihan Manajemen Pengemasan 3 Juni 2021 Mitra memahami cara mengemas yang baik dan menarik 5 Pendampingan pengoperasian alat secara mandiri oleh mitra bersama tim 7 Juni 2021 Mitra telah mampu menggunakan hand sealer dengan mandiri dan alat ini juga telah digunakan untuk mengemas banyak produk kerupuk puli mitra 6 Evaluasi Kegiatan antara tim bersama mitra 9-10 Juni 2021 Dari hasil diskusi bersama saat monitoring dan evaluasi terdapat beberapa kendala, namun telah diselesaikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 365, "top": 539, "width": 39, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 442, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian ini diikuti oleh 5 orang karya beserta pemilik UKM. Dari kegiatan ini adapat dilihat bahwa mitra dan karyawannya sangat antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan tersebut. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari semangat peserta yang banyak memberikan pertanyaan ketika mereka kurang memahami apa yang disampaikan oleh pemateri. Pada kegiatan ini juga diberikan manual book sederhana cara penggunaan hand sealer beserta perawatannya agar alat dapat awet digunakan (tidak mudah rusak).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 15, "width": 211, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABDIMAS GALUH Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2021, 255-264", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "261", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 231, "width": 420, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pengemasan dengan Menggunakan Hand Sealer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 470, "width": 328, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Pelatihan Pembuatan Desain Merek Produk secara Mobile", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 203, "top": 695, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Tampilan Desain Merek Produk", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 714, "width": 443, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan hand sealer dalam packing process produk sangat penting untuk diperhatikan terutama pada produksi kerupuk yang telah matang. Hal ini sejalan dengan kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan oleh (Dinnullah, Nurdin, & Sumadji, 2018) yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 14, "width": 397, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Usaha Ukm Kerupuk Puli Melalui Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Manajemen Pengemasan Produk Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "262", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengatakan bahwa selain mampu mempertahankan kualitas produk, adanya desain menarik yang ditampilkan dari proses pengemasan mampu meningkatkan penjualan produk yang dihasilkan. Sementara, pengabdian (Fitriani et al ., 2020) menunjukkan bahwa pemberian label dapat memberikan informasi kepada konsumen. Begitu pula pada pengabdian pada UK Kerupuk Puli ini, pemberian merek pada kemasan tentunya mampu mengenalkan kepada masyarkat luas tentang usaha yang dikembangkan oleh mitra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 195, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, dari kegiatan ini tentunya memberikan dampak positif bagi pengembangan usaha mitra. Dampak tersebut antara lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 237, "width": 429, "height": 241, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Dampak Positif dari Kegiatan No Masalah Sebelum Kegiatan Sesudah Kegiatan 1 Pengetahuan Pengemasan Mitra menggunakan lilin untuk mengemas produk kerupuk puli Mitra menggunakan hand sealer dalam proses pengemasan produknya 2 Keterampilan Mitra Mitra belum mengerti dalam hal pembuatan merek produk Mitra dapat membuat merek produk sederhana sendiri 3 Kualitas produk Krupuk mitra banyak yang dikembalikan pelanggan karena tidak renyah lagi (melempem). Kerupuk terjamin kualitasnya karena udara tidak dapat masuk lagi ke dalam plastik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 507, "width": 442, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, berdasarkan evaluasi dan monitoring yang dilakukan setelah kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan, mitra mengungkapkan beberapa kendala yang dihadapi antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 442, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Ketika menggunakan hand sealer, hasil rekatan kurang rapi dan terkadang plastik menjadi leleh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 610, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. pengemasan agak susah ketika plastik terkena minyak dari kerupuk yang telah dimasukkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pesaing dengan kuliner sejenis semakin banyak, sementara mitra belum memiliki pemasaran secara online.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 693, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Mitra belum memiliki pembukuan keuangan usaha.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 442, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui diskusi bersama mitra dengan tim pengabdi diperoleh penyelesaian masalah tersebut antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 15, "width": 212, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABDIMAS GALUH Volume 3, Nomor 2, September 2021, 255-264", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mitra perlu belajar kembali cara untuk menyetel tingkat panas pada hand sealer agar tepat saat digunakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 442, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mitra telah memesan alat peniris minyak, sehingga mampu mengurangi minyak yang berlebihan dari kerupuk yang telah digoreng.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 442, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Mitra perlu mendapatkan pelatihan pemasaran secara online yang akan diberikan dalam kegiatan pengabdian selanjutnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Mitra perlu mendapatkan pelatihan pembukuan sederhana untuk keuangan usahanya. Kegiatan pengabdian yang telah dilakukan tentunya memberikan manfaat yang besar terutama bagi pengembangan usaha mitra terutama peningkatan kesejahteraan pelaku usaha tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 158, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 443, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian ini telah berhasil dilaksanakan. Keberhasilan ini terlihat dari beberapa dampak positif yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan tersebut antara lain peningkatan kemampuan mitra dalam proses pengemasan produk serta keterampilan mitra dalam membuat merek dagang sederhana. Selain itu, partisipasi penuh yang diberikan oleh mitra juga telah ikut berpartisipasi penuh dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini dari awal observasi hingga tahap evaluasi kegiatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 443, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, sebagai tindak lanjut dari kegiatan ini dan saran untuk pengembangan usaha diperlukan pelatihan dan pendampingan terkait pemasaran berbasis online dan pembukuan usaha sehingga kedepannya mitra mampu secara mandiri meamasarkan usahanya tanpa bergantung kepada reseller saja serta dapat mengatur keuangan usahanya dengan lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinnullah, R. N. I., Nurdin, S., & Sumadji. (2018). Packing Process Dalam Pelatihan Kemandirian Ukm Kerupuk Bawang Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Pemasaran Produk. J-ADIMAS (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) , 6 (2), 57–62. Fitriani, E., Fatimah, S., Mardhiah, D., Selinaswati, S., Hidayat, M., & Amelia, L. (2020). Pengemasan (Packaging) Rakik Bada Lado Hijau Upaya Peningkatan Pemasaran dan Pelestarian Kuliner Minangkabau. ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian Dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat , 2 (2), 130–135.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyani, N. (2018). Kerupuk Lemi Bebas Boraks Kajian dari Dosis Natrium Tripolyphospat yang Berbeda . Surabaya: Jurusan Teknologi Pertanian Universitas DR. Soetomo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karjo, S. K., Suseno, T. I. P., & Utomo, A. R. (2015). Pengaruh Proporsi Beras dan Maizena Terhadap Sifat Fisikokimia dan Organoleptik Kerupuk Puli. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan Dan Gizi , 14 (1), 1–9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 14, "width": 397, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peningkatan Usaha Ukm Kerupuk Puli Melalui Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Manajemen Pengemasan Produk Chandra Sundaygara, Riski Nur Istiqomah Dinnullah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 795, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "264", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 443, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rosiani, N., Basito, & Widowati, E. (2015). Kajian Karakteristik Sensoris Fisik Dan Kimia Kerupuk Fortifikasi Daging Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera) Dengan Metode Pemanggangan Menggunakan Microwave. Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian , VIII (2), 84–98.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 190, "top": 38, "width": 215, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 155, "top": 746, "width": 339, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 98, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya Peningkatan Minat Belajar Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Media Audio Visual dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SDN 1 Banjarejo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 142, "width": 429, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Novia Rizki Muhtar, Aulia Rahma, Rina Estu Trirahayu, Laela Nur Wahidah, Ahmad Ulinnuha, Siti Fatimah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 186, "width": 234, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Kebumen [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 381, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History accepted 25/6/2024 approved 25/7/2024 published 31/7/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 428, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is an effort to increase students’ interest in learning through the use of audio-visual media in Islamic Religious Education subjects at SDN 1 Banjarejo. The aim of this research is to obtain an overview of increasing students' interest in learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects using audio-visual media. The research method used is classroom action research which consists of four stages, namely, planning, action, observation and reflection. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation and reflection. This research took place over two cycles. The data analysis used is a relative frequency distribution. The results of research using audio-visual media can increase students' interest in learning in class IV PAI subjects at Banjarejo 1 State Elementary School. In cycle I, student interest in learning reached 82.14%. In cycle II, students' interest in learning increased by 10.71% to reach 92.85%. Thus, the use of audio visual media can increase students' interest in learning in class IV Islamic Religious Education subjects at Banjarejo 1 State Elementary School.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 410, "width": 297, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Interest in Learning, Audio Visual Media, Improvement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 433, "width": 40, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 428, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitan ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa melalui penggunaan media audio visual dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di SDN 1 Banjarejo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang peningkatan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI dengan menggunakan media audio visual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu, perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama dua siklus. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan distribusi frekuensi relatif. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI kelas IV di SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo. Pada siklus I minat belajar siswa mencapai 82,14%. Pada siklus II minat belajar siswa meningkat 10,71% sehingga mencapai 92,85%. Dengan demikian, penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) kelas IV di SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo. Kata kunci: Minat Belajar, Media Audio Visual, Peningkatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 629, "width": 331, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Education Studies (SHEs): Conference Series https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/shes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 415, "top": 629, "width": 86, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-9284 e-ISSN 2620-9292", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 38, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 55, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1355", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 84, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 458, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran adalah suatu kegiatan dimana seseorang berupaya memperoleh pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan nilai-nilai positif dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber untuk belajar. Pembelajaran dapat melibatkan dua pihak, yaitu siswa sebagai pembelajar dan guru sebagai fasilitator. Guru memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Sebagaimana pendapat Sardiman yang mengatakan bahwa guru merupakan bagian penting dalam proses pembelajaran, dan ikut berperan dalam upaya membentuk sumber daya manusia yang potensial dalam bidang pembangunan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa guru mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam keberhasilan Pendidikan. (Sari, 2023, p. 197).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat penting bagi seluruh umat manusia di era modern saat ini. Dengan adanya pendidikan manusia memiliki akhlak, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Pendidikan adalah suatu bagian yang terstruktur, terpadu dan juga menyeluruh, karena pendidikan merupakan sarana yang digunakan seseorang untuk dapat mengembangkan potensi serta kemampuannya agar dapat mengabdi untuk masa depan, masyarakat, bangsa dan juga negara sebagai individu yang dapat survive dalam menghadapi tantangan di masa depannya yang bertanggung jawab (Rahmat, 2024, p. 89).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 299, "width": 457, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah dasar adalah tahapan pendidikan yang paling penting karena merupakan awal bagi anak-anak untuk menjadi lebih ingin tahu. Anak-anak usia sekolah dasar mempunyai pengetahuan dan pemahaman yang dapat membantu mereka dalam mengembangkan seluruh potensi dan kemampuan mereka. Karena ini akan menjadi awal dalam menumbuhkan kamampuan pada dirinya (Setiyawan, 2020, p. 198). Di sekolah dasar masih banyak terdapat peserta didik yang kurang minat atau ketertarikan dalam proses belajar mengajar di kelas. Dalam beberapa kasus seperti penyampaian materi Pendidikan Agama Islam yang disampaikan oleh guru di dalam kelas, guru lebih mendominasi pembelajaran dari pada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran, dan komunikasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan hanya sepihak sehingga siswa sulit untuk memahami materi yang telah disampaikan. Pada komunikasi hanya dilakukan dari guru ke siswa dan tidak ada interaksi sehingga siswa cepat bosan saat belajar serta penggunaan media sebagai sumber belajar masih kurang selama proses pembelajaran (Sari, 2023, p. 197).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 463, "width": 457, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, guru PAI dan Budi Pekerti perlu untuk mengatasi rendahnya minat peserta didik dalam mempelajari Pendidikan Agama Islam. Dalam melakukan hal tersebut, guru harus mampu membuat peserta didik supaya merasa nyaman agar dapat mengikuti kelas dengan fokus dan berpartisipasi dalam pembelajaran. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan suatu proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan minat belajar yang tinggi bagi peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu, media pendidikan termasuk dalam komponen pedagogi sebagai upaya meningkatkan proses interaksi antara guru dan peserta didik sebagaimana peserta didik berinteraksi dengan lingkungan belajarnya (Nganas, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 461, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran, media sangatlah berperan penting dalam mendukung jalannya proses suatu pembelajaran. Sebagai salah satu komponen yang penting dalam suatu pembelajaran, media tidak bisa luput dari pembahasan sistem pembelajaran secara menyeluruh. Media dapat diartikan suatu yang dapat memberikan sebuah pesan atau informasi berupa pengetahuan antara pendidik dan peserta didik (Rahmat, 2024, p. 91). Penggunaan media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran dapat membangkitkan minat, motivasi, dan rangsangan dalam kegiatan belajar. Menurut Rayandra Asyhar (2012), Media pembelajaran merupakan segala sesuatu yang dapat menyalurkan atau menyampaikan pesan dari suatu sumber secara terencana, sehingga terjadi lingkungan belajar yang kondusif dimana penerimanya dapat melakukan proses belajar secara efisien dan efektif. Dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran penyampaian materi akan lebih mudah dipahami dan menjadikan pembelajaran lebih menarik, sehingga peserta didik dapat menyerap informasi yang disampaikan oleh guru di dalam kelas. Guru sebagai pendidik dapat memanfaatkan berbagai macam media pembelajaran yang ada (Yusnawaty, 2023). Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah media audio visual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 38, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 55, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1356", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 84, "width": 460, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media audio visual adalah salah satu jenis media yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan indera pendengaran dan penglihatan secara bersamaan dalam satu proses atau kegiatan. Beberapa contoh audio visual adalah film, video, acara TV dan lainya. Dengan menggunakan media audio visual dalam proses pembelajaran merupakan salah satu perencanaan yang disiapkan oleh guru untuk membuat proses pembelajaran lebih menarik dan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar peserta didik. Minat mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap pembelajaran. Jika materi pembelajaran tidak sesuai dengan minat peserta didik, maka peserta didik tidak akan belajar dengan sebaik mungkin karena tidak ada daya tarik. (Fitriyanti, 2022, p. 15).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 198, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di SDN 1 Banjarejo yang beralamat di Puring, Kab. Kebumen, Jawa Tengah. Menurut hasil observasi disana, sekolah ini merupakan sekolah dasar yang telah menggunakan media audio visual dalam proses pembelajaran khususnya pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti, serta pada beberapa pertemuan pelajaran guru PAI dan Budi Pekerti menggunakan media audio visual. Dalam penggunaanya berupa video, film maupun youtube yang telah disiapkan, media atau perlengkapannya berupa laptop, dan proyektor. Disamping itu guru juga memberikan pengertian dan pemahaman dari video, film ataupun youtube yang telah ditampilkan, dan tidak lupa guru memberikan tanya jawab agar peserta didik tetap aktif dalam pembelajaran, maka kelebihan dari sekolah ini yaitu guru terkhusus guru PAI yang selalu mengembangkan potensi kreativitas dalam menumbuhkan minat belajar peserta didik, karena dilingkup pedesaan yang dimana guru masih kurang memanfaatkan penggunaan media audio visual berupa laptop, LCD/ Proyektor, video maupun film dalam pembelajaran terkhusus pembelajaran PAI dan Budi Pekerti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 362, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh penulis sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Lisatul Aulia dan Khoirul Anwar bahwa siswa sekolah dasar yang diajarkan menggunakan media audio visual menunjukkan respon yang lebih tinggi terhadap proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Selain itu, penggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual juga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan sosial untuk berinteraksi yang baik dengan orang lain dan meningkatkan kemampuan intelektual peserta didik dalam memecahkan berbagai macam masalah belajar (Aulia, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 457, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pembelajaran di kelas akan lebih efektif jika menggunakan media pembelajaran, karena media pembelajaran dengan berbasis teknologi memberikan dampak yang sangat positif terhadap kemampuan dan motivasi siswa untuk mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Adapun alasan penulis melakukan penelitian di SDN 1 Banjarejo, dikarenakan penulis ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh yang signifikan kepada siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui media audio visual ini akan meningkatkan minat belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 553, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 455, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis peneitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ( Classroom Action Research) yang direncanakan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam melalui media audio visual. Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas ( Classroom Action Research ), yang berarti penelitian yang dilakukan pada sebuah kelas untuk mengetahui akibat tindakan yang diterapkan pada suatu subyek penelitian tersebut (Trianto, 2011, p. 13). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN 1 Banjarejo, Kecamatan Puring, Kabupaten Kebumen. SDN 1 Banjarejo ini memiliki sarana yang cukup memadai agar proses pembelajaran berjalan kondusif dan maksimal. Sarana adalah cara di mana pendidik dapat memilah-milah keadaan memperoleh latihan dan keuntungan dari pertemuan mereka sendiri, dapat mengevaluasi pemikiran perbaikan dalam praktik pembelajaran mereka, dan melihat efek asli dari upaya tersebut. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV di SDN 1 Banjarejo, yang berjumlah hingga 28 siswa, yang terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 15 siswi perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 730, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Adapun menurut Arikunto (2012, p. 3), tahap kegiatan dalam penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, mengamati hasil tindakan (observasi) dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 38, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 55, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1357", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 84, "width": 454, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "refleksi. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan refleksi. Sumber data primer penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan guru PAI, serta observasi selama proses pembelajaran. Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen modul ajar dan foto-foto saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan rumus distribusi frekuensi relatif (persentase). Dalam rumus ini setiap data dipersentasikan setelah ditabulasi dalam jumlah frekuensi jawaban responden untuk setiap alternative jawaban. Adapun rumusnya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 183, "width": 76, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P = 𝑓 𝑁 × 100 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 252, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterangan : P = angka Presentasi f = frekuensi yang sedang dicari persentasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 242, "width": 209, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N = number of cases (banyaknya individu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 275, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 454, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti yang dijelaskan bahwa tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dengan menerapkan media audio visual di kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo. Penggunakan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran PAI khususnya pada materi sholat dhuha, rata-rata siswa bersemangat dan cepat dalam memahami materinya walaupun ada beberapa siswa yang merasa biasa-biasa saja. Penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo dalam rangka meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) kelas IV dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Dengan alokasi waktu 3 x 35 menit setiap pertemuan. Peningkatan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran PAI dapat dilihat pada hasil observasi dan wawancara dengan guru PAI di SDN 1 Banjarejo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 422, "width": 455, "height": 137, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasaran hasil wawancara dengan guru PAI, dalam pembelajaran di SDN Banjarejo guru terbilang sering menggunakan media audio visual dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Media pembelajaran yang digunakan biasanya menggunakan media audio visual yang meliputi alat dan bahan yang bisa dilihat dan didengar, seperti video, presentasi multimedia, film, dan rekaman audio, yang digunakan untuk membantu proses pembelajaran agar lebih efektif dan menarik bagi siswa. Guru PAI SDN 1 Banjarejo meyatakan bahwa “Terkait fasilitas yang ada di sekolah sudah memiliki fasilitas untuk mendukung penggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual, seperti proyektor dan sistem audio. Namun, jumlah fasilitas yang tersedia terbatas sehingga tidak bisa digunakan setiap hari. Para guru harus bergantian dalam memanfaatkan fasilitas tersebut untuk mengajar, sehingga penggunaannya tidak bisa dilakukan secara terus menerus .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 454, "height": 199, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru PAI berpendapat bahwa penggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) sangat bermanfaat. Media ini membantu menjaga minat dan perhatian siswa selama proses belajar, sehingga mereka tidak mudah merasa bosan. Dengan menggunakan audio visual, pembelajaran menjadi lebih menarik dan interaktif, yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterlibatan siswa terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Ketika pembelajaran PAI menggunakan media audio visual berlangsung, siswa menunjukkan respon yang positif terhadap penggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual. Mereka merasa antusias dan bersemangat selama proses pembelajaran. Penggunaan media audio visual tampaknya meningkatkan minat dan motivasi siswa, membuat mereka lebih terlibat dan aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Penggunaan media audio visual dalam pembelajaran PAI peserta didik berperan aktif dalam penggunaan media pembelajaran audio visual. Artinya, siswa tidak hanya menjadi penerima informasi pasif tetapi juga terlibat secara langsung dalam proses pembelajaran. Mereka mungkin berpartisipasi dalam diskusi, memberikan tanggapan, bertanya, atau menggunakan media tersebut untuk mengembangkan pemahaman mereka lebih lanjut. Peran aktif ini penting karena dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan, motivasi, dan pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 38, "width": 215, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1358", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 109, "top": 250, "width": 381, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Penggunaan Media Audio Visual pada Saat Pembelajaran PAI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 263, "width": 454, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil observasi yag telah peneliti lakukan dimana pada kondisi awal sebelum menggunakan media audio visual pada pembelajaran PAI, minat belajar siswa sebesar 64,28%. Peningkatan minat belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PAI materi sholat dhuha, dilihat dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dalam siklus 1. Melalui kegiatan observasi pada siklus I ini menujukkan minat belajar siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 17,86%, dari 64,28% menjadi 82,14%. Berdasarkan tabel dari setiap siklus maka pencapaian tingkat minat belajar pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo dapat digambarkan pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 364, "width": 290, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Tingkat Ketercapaian Minat Belajar Aspek Pencapaian Peningkatan dari Siklus ke Siklus Pra Siklus 64,28% Siklus I 82,14% 17,86% Siklus II 92,85% 10,71%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 179, "top": 654, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Diagram Pencapaian Minat Belajar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 679, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel dan gambar grafik di atas dapat dilihat bahwa upaya meningkatkan minat belajar siswa melalui penggunaan media audio visual pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo dari pra siklus, siklus I dan siklus II selalu mengalami peningkatan. Pada pra siklus motivasi belajar pendidikan agama Islam (PAI) mencapai 64,28%, pada siklus I mencapai 82,14% dengan demikian mengalami peningkatan 17,86%, pada siklus II mencapai 92,85% maka mengalami peningkatan 10,71%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 458, "width": 289, "height": 187, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "64,28% 82,14% 92,85% 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% 70,00% 80,00% 90,00% 100,00% pra siklus siklus I siklus II", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 198, "top": 38, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 55, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SHEs: Conference Series 7 (3) (2024) 1354-1359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 782, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1359", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 84, "width": 454, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan dimana pada kondisi awal sebelum menggunakan media audio visual dengan kondisi setelah menggunakan media audio visual pada tindakan siklus I dan siklus II, minat belajar siswa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan yang sangat baik. Dengan menggunakan media audio visual pada pembelajaran PAI kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo, siswa lebih mudah memahami materi PAI khususnya pada materi sholat dhuha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 160, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh oleh peneliti dengan usaha yang maksimal dalam PTK dapat membuktikan hipotesis yang dirumuskan bahwa penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 223, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 454, "height": 150, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, pengembangan metode pembelajaran dengan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas IV SD Negeri 1 Banjarejo. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan kelas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan media audio visual pada pembelajaran PAI materi shalat dhuha dikatakan berhasil, hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian bahwa mengalami peningkatan dengan perolehan nilai dari siklus I sebesar 82,14 % dan siklus II sebesar 92,85%. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase sebesar 10,71 % dari siklus I dan siklus II. Harapannya untuk selalu meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, sebaiknya guru PAI dapat aktif menggunakan media berbasis IT seperti media audio visual dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga menciptakan pembelajaran yang menarik dan menyenangkan. Di samping itu, dukungan dari sekolah juga sangatlah diperlukan dengan menyediakan fasilitas yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 387, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi & Suhardjono, Supardi. (2012). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Edisi Ke-11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 413, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jakarta: Bumi Aksara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asyhar, Rayandra. (2012). Kreatif Mengembangkan Media Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Referensi Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 455, "height": 123, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aulia, L. (2023). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Terhadap Minat Belajar Pai Dan Budi Pekerti Peserta Didik Kelas 5 Di Sdn Wringinjajar 3 Mranggen Demak Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung). Fitriyanti, N. (2022). Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas V MI Al-Khairiyah Jakarta Barat (Bachelor's thesis, Jakarta: FITK UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta). Nganas, H., Wicaksono, L., & Suciati, S. (2023). Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru dalam Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Tematik Kelas IV di SD Negeri 01 Sepauk Kecamatan Sepauk Sintang. Jurnal Pendidiikan Dasar Perkhasa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, 9(1), 204-218", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 455, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmat, A. (2024). Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Di MTS Daarul Ihya Desa Kuripan Kecamatan Ciseeng Kabupaten Bogor. Journal of Law and Social Politic , 2 (1), 88-96. Sari, P. N., Tausyiah, K. A., & Mursid, K. A. (2023). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Menggunakan Teknologi Media Audio Visual. Islamic Education , 1 (4), 196-204.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiyawan, H. (2020). Pemanfaatan media audio visual dan media gambar pada siswa kelas V. Jurnal Prakarsa Paedagogia , 3 (2). 198-203", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 455, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Trianto, Penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) Teori & Praktik , (Jakarta : Prestasi Pustaka, 2011), 13", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 704, "width": 454, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yusnawaty, Y., Imamah, Y. H., & Mashar, A. (2023). Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas Vi Di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 1 Canggu Lampung Selatan Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. UNISAN JURNAL , 2 (2), 462-470.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 52, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 798, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 153, "top": 133, "width": 322, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Campur Kode pada Papan Reklame Iklan Komersial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 180, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Idham Maulana 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 195, "width": 386, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jalan Nangka No. 58 C/TB. Simatupang, Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan 12530", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 235, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hilda Hilaliyah 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 250, "width": 386, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jalan Nangka No. 58 C/TB. Simatupang, Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan 12530", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 290, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bambang Sumadyo 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 305, "width": 386, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jalan Nangka No. 58 C/TB. Simatupang, Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan 12530", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 344, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected] 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 374, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 385, "width": 399, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the form of mixed code in the form of words, phrases and clauses contained in comercial advertisment billboards and their implications for learning Indonesian. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research technique used is the content analysis technique in comercial advertisement board sentence. analysis of the data used classifies the data contained in mixed codes such as word, phrases, and clues. The data used in this study were 52 mixed codes contained in comercial advertisment billboards. The results of this study, identified that there are findings of code mix in form of words as many as 22 findings (42.3%), mixed codes in the form of phrases as many as 21 findings (40.4%), mix codes in the form of clauses as many as 9 findings (17.3%). Thus, the results of the dominant billboard findings are mixed code in word form.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 512, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword: Mix Code, Billbooards, Comercial Advertising", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 535, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 546, "width": 399, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui wujud campur kode yang berupa sisipan kata, frasa, dan klausa yang terdapat di dalam papan reklame iklan komersial dan implikasinya terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Jenis penelitian termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis isi pada kalimat papan reklame iklan komersial. Analisis data yang digunakan mengklasifisikan data yang terdapat campur kode berupa, kata, frasa, dan klaua. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 52 Campur kode yang terdapat dalam papan reklame iklan komersial. Hasil penelitian ini, teridentifikasi bahwa terdapat temuan Campur kode dalam bentuk kata sebanyak 22 temuan (42.3%), Campur kode dalam bentuk frasa sebanyak 21 temuan (40.4%), Campur kode dalam bentuk klausa sebanyak 9 temuan (17.3%). Dengan demikian, hasil dari temuan papan reklame yang dominan adalah campur kode dalam bentuk kata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 684, "width": 255, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Campur Kode, Papan Reklame, Iklan Komersial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 38, "width": 251, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 798, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 144, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa menjadi salah satu bentuk dalam berkomunikasi sosial yang dipakai oleh setiap warga negara. Dalam suatu masyarakat, bahasa digunakan sebagai alat untuk menjalin hubungan untuk berkomunikasi sehingga manusia dan bahasa adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lain. Dalam hidup manusia selalu membutuhkan manusia lain. Oleh karena itu, manusia membutuhkan bahasa sebagai alat dalam menjalin komunikasi dengan manusia lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 241, "width": 364, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa Indonesia sudah terjadi pada saat memperoleh bahasa pertama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian, komunikasi yang terdapat pada bahasa ke dua memiliki campuran kode bahasa. Akan tetapi, dalam Percampuran kode bahasa ini menggunakan bahasa B3 dalam komunikasi antar masyarakat dengan menggunakan kode lain untuk berkomunikasi antarsesama manusia. Dampak dari percampuran kode ini menyebabkan serbuan bahasa-bahasa daerah dan bahasa asing ke dalam pengunaan bahasa sehari-hari. Dengan kondisi yang demikian, proses komunikasi dalam dwibahasa ini terdapat istilah bilingulisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah biligualisme penggunaan bahasa Indonesia sudah terjadi pada saat memperoleh bahasa pertama. Sehubungan dengan itu, seseorang yang sedang berkomunikasi dengan orang lain tanpa disadari terdapat penggunaan sisipan bahasa lain ke dalam komunikasi tersebut. oleh karena itu, peristiwa ini disebut dengan campur kode. Campur kode dua bahasa yang disisipkan ke dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain yang disebabkan oleh penutur yang sudah memahami bahasa pertama atau B1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 448, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chaer (2012: 69) menyatakan bahwa dalam campur kode ini dua kode atau lebih digunakan bersama tanpa alasan dan biasanya terjadi dalam situasi santai. Dengan demikian, campur kode biasanya karena ketiadaan ungkapan yang harus digunakan dalam bahasa yang dipakai. Oleh karena itu, campur kode biasanya dalam berbicara bahasa Indonesia tercampur dengan unsur-unsur bahasa daerah yang digunakan dalam berkomunikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 530, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Campur kode merupakan unsur-unsur yang menyebabkan terjadinya campur kode ke dalam sebuah kalimat inti. Achmad dan Abdullah (2013: 159) mendefinisikan bahwa campur kode peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, di mana salah satu kode yang digunakan hanya berupa serpihan kata (partikal leksikal), kata, frase, atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian, definisi ini merujuk pada wujud campur kode yang berupa kata, frase, atau dengan klausa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 627, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lynch (dalam Hernimawati, 2018 :1-2) menyatakan bahwa reklame dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alat komunikasi visual dalam lingkungan perkotaan dengan menggunakan tanda atau signage. Pemasangan reklame, selain pada bangunan juga pada ruang terbuka. Pemasangan reklame pada berbgai lokasi dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak dengan tujuan mempromosikan sesuatu. Dengan demikian, papan reklame yang digunakan dalam membuat iklan berupa tanda yang menunjukan kepemilikan status, barang, dan jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 724, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Papan reklame yang digunakan dalam membuat iklan berupa tanda yang terdapat pada jalan-jalan raya untuk menarik minat konsumen sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 52, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 798, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "banyaknya perusahaan menggunakan papan reklame menjadikan iklan untuk memudahkan konsumen dalam berkomunikasi antar perusahaan yang membuat iklan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 158, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iklan merupakan alat untuk memberikan informasi sebuah produk atau menawarkan jasa sehingga banyaknya perusahaan menggunakan iklan sebagai alat untuk menawarkan produk atau jasa dalam bentuk iklan. Madjadikara (2005: 17) menyatakan bahwa iklan komersial adalah iklan yang bertujuan mendukung kampanye pemasaran suatu produk atau jasa. Iklan komersial yang dimuat atau disiarkan melalui media audio (radio) atau audio visual (televisi). Dengan demikian, iklan komersial merupakan alat untuk menawarkan jasa atau produk untuk ditawrkan kepada konsumen melalui media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hoed (2001: 98) mengungkapkan bahwa iklan komersial adalah yang bersifat menjual produk atau jasa dengan tujuan agar produk atau dibeli oleh sasaran iklan, dengan tujuan memperoleh keuntungan. Dengan demikian bahwa iklan komersil merupakan tujuan untuk menggambarkan secara sistematis produk yang akan dijual. Oleh sebab itu, iklan bertujuan untuk dilihat oleh masyarakat sehingga jika ada masyarakat melihat iklan tersebut dapat membeli produk yang diiklankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 365, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merujuk uraian di atas, dapat diketahui bahwa campur kode dapat masuk pada sebuah iklan. Salah satunya iklan komersial. Hal ini menarik untuk diteliti karena sebagai pengguna bahasa kita akan dihadapkan pada sebuah realita di masyarakat terkait pada iklan-iklan yang banyak menggunakan campur kode. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penelitian terkait dengan hal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 461, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 489, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Wibowo (2011: 43) mengungkapkan bahwa deskriptif-kualitatif adalah penggambaran secara kualitatif fakta, data, atau objek material yang bukan berupa rangkaian angka, melainkan berupa ungkapan bahasa atau wacana (apa pun itu bentuknya) melaui interpretasi yang tepat dan sistematis. Oleh sebab itu, deskriptif kualitatif membuang jauh-jauh hipotesis dan asumsi mengubahnya menjadi “perumusan masalah”, yakni dalam rangka menjelaskan fenomena- fenomena secara praktis atau dalam rangka menyusun atau merumuskan teori, prinsip konsep, atau pengetahuan baru berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 627, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode survei dengan teknik analisis isi. Sumber data pada penelitian ini yaitu iklan-iklan komersial yang terdapat di Sepanjang Jalan Raya Bogor, Jawa Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 696, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 724, "width": 30, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 38, "width": 251, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 798, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 397, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh temuan- temuan sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 158, "width": 303, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rekapitulasi Hasil Temuan Wujud Campur Kode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 192, "width": 391, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Wujud campur kode Jumlah Persentase 1. Kata 22 42.3% 2. Frasa 21 40.4% 3. Klausa 9 17.3% Total Keseluruhan 52 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 226, "top": 582, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diagram 1. Rekapitulasi Temuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 610, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel dan diagram temuan, tampak wujud campur kode pada papan reklame iklan komersial dengan hasil survei di Sepanjang Jalan Raya Bogor, Jawa Barat terdapat 22 kata, 21 frasa, dan 9 klausa. Dalam hal ini, penggunaan kata lebih dominan digunakan yaitu sebanyak 22 kata dengan hasil persentase sebanyak 42,3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 387, "width": 232, "height": 120, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Kata 42.3% 21 Frasa 40.4% 9 Klausa 17.3% Kata Frasa Klausa", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 52, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 798, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 223, "top": 274, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Iklan Rokok Surya Pro", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 302, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimat:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 316, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discover the strength inside quality of sury a pro, never quit, 18+, peringatan: karena merokok saya terkena kanker tenggorokan, layanan berhenti merokok (0800-177-6565).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 371, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 385, "width": 400, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kalimat iklan rokok surya pro tersebut menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan kalimatnya ditemukan campur kode berbentuk frasa dan klausa, yaitu pada kata “ discover the strength inside quality of” dan kata “never quit ”. Kata-kata tersebut berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk klausa yang berarti “temukan kekuatan di dalam kualitas surya”dan bentuk frasa yang berarti “tidak pernah berhenti”. Dapat diketahui dalam teori Achmad dan Abdullah (2013: 159) bahwa campur kode merupakan peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, di mana salah satu kode yang digunakan berupa (partikal leksikal), kata, Frasa atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata “ never quit” dan “ discover the strength inside quality of” termasuk dalam bentuk frasa dan klausa yang merupakan wujud campur kode satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 739, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Iklan Cat Pacific Paint", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 263, "top": 38, "width": 251, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 798, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimat:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pacific paint, colouring since 1943, Pacifific paint, metrolite, acrylic emulsion paint, Pacifific paint, super synthetic paint , cat kayu dan besi, #harmoniwarnanegeriku!, bright ya metrolite, Glo-tex,awet dan anti ngeletek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 401, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kalimat iklan cat pacific paint tersebut menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan kalimatnya ditemukan campur kode berbentuk frasa dan kata, yaitu pada kata “colouring since”, “ acrylic emulsion paint”, “synthetic paint” dan kata “ bright ”. Kata-kata tersebut berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk frasa yang berarti “ mewarnai sejak”, “cat emulsi akrilik”, “cat sintetis” dan bentuk kata yang berarti “ terang ”. Dapat diketahui dalam teori Achmad dan Abdullah (2013: 159) bahwa campur kode merupakan peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, dimana salah satu kode yang digunakan berupa (partikal leksikal), kata, Frasa atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata “ colouring since” , “ acrylic emulsion paint”, “synthetic paint” dan kata “ bright” termasuk dalam bentuk frasa dan kata yang merupakan wujud campur kode satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 569, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Iklan Servis elektronik", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 597, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimat:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 611, "width": 372, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raja service , laptop, handphone , PC, printer, tablet, gebyar hadiah, langsung diundi, telp. 021-87903893.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 652, "width": 401, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Dalam kalimat iklan Servis elektronik tersebut menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan kalimatnya ditemukan campur kode berbentuk kata, yaitu pada kata “ service” dan “ handphone” . Kata-kata tersebut berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk kata yang berarti “servis” dan “gawai”. Dapat diketahui dalam teori Achmad dan Abdullah (2013: 159) bahwa wujud campur kode peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, di mana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 52, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 798, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "salah satu kode yang digunakan berupa (partikal leksikal), kata, Frasa atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata “ service” dan “ handphone” termasuk dalam bentuk kata yang merupakan wujud campur kode satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 344, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Iklan Rokok Gudang Garam", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 372, "width": 394, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimat: Gudang garam International, pria punya selera , 18+, peringatan: karena merokok saya terkena kanker tenggorokan, layanan berhenti merokok (0800-177-6565).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 427, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 441, "width": 400, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kalimat iklan rokok gudang garam tersebut menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan kalimatnya ditemukan campur kode berbentuk kata, yaitu pada kata “ International” . Kata tersebut berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk kata yang berarti “internasional”. Dapat diketahui dalam teori Achmad dan Abdullah (2013: 159) bahwa wujud campur kode peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, dimana salah satu kode yang digunakan berupa (partikal leksikal), kata, Frasa atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata “ International” termasuk dalam bentuk kata yang merupakan wujud campur kode satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 746, "width": 153, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Iklan AUTO 2000", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 263, "top": 38, "width": 251, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 798, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimat:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 401, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Funfest 2020, tahun baru, semangat baru, mobil baru, spektakuler rate, cicilan super ringan, 3,68%, include asuransi all risk di toyota autrized dealer, supported by: taf, auto 2000 cibinong 021-87912000, gratis perawan berkala(jasa & suku cadang), hingga servis berkalake-6(maks. 4 tahun/50.000 KM), lucky draw, 20 mobil toyota, 20 apple watch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 213, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 227, "width": 401, "height": 176, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kalimat iklan auto 2000 Cibinong tersebut menggunakan bahasa Indonesia. Akan tetapi, dalam penggunaan kalimatnya ditemukan campur kode berbentuk frasa dan kata, yaitu pada kata “ all risk”, “ autrized dealer”, “ supported by ” dan kata “ rate”, “ include”, “ lucky draw ”. Kata-kata tersebut berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk frasa yang berarti “semua resiko”, “ dealer resmi”, “didukung oleh” dan bentuk kata yang berati “menilai”, “termasuk”, “undian ”. Dapat diketahui dalam teori Achmad dan abdullah (2013: 159) bahwa campur kode merupakan peristiwa penggunaan dua buah kode bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur, dimana salah satu kode yang digunakan berupa (partikal leksikal), kata, Frasa atau juga klausa satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kata “ all risk”, “ autrized dealer”, “ supported by ” dan kata “ rate”, “ include”, “ lucky draw ” termasuk dalam bentuk frasa dan kata yang merupakan wujud campur kode satu bahasa lain dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap papan reklame iklan komersial dengan survei di sepanjang Jalan Raya Bogor, Jawa Barat, terbukti bahwa terdapat penggunaan bahasa asing yang dalam pembuatan iklan tersebut. Dengan demikan, papan reklame yang ditempatkan di sepanjang jalan tersebut banyak menggunakan bahasa asing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 503, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peristiwa campur kode merupakan dari bahasa asli yang disisipi oleh bahasa daerah di dalam tiga bentu campur kode yaitu: kata, frasa, dan klusa. seperti yang dikemukakan Wakhidah dan Sudaryanto (2019: 275), “wujud terjadinya campur kode ada lima yaitu: kata, kelompok kata, baster, kata ulang, klausa. Pengertian tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa campur kode penggunaaan dari bahasa asli oleh bahasa daerah yang disisipi kata, kelompok kata, baster, kata ulang, klausa di dalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Campur kode peristiwa penggunaan dua buah bahasa atau lebih oleh penutur dengan menyisipkan bahasa asing di dalamnya berupa serpihan kata, frasa, dan kalusa kata, frasa, dan klausa. seperti yang dikemukakan Wirahyuni (2017: 158), “campur kode terjadi apabila suatu bahasa secara dominan mendukung suatu tuturan disiipi degan unsurn bahasa lainnya dalam lima bentuk yaitu: penyisipan kata, penyisipan kelompok kata, penyisipan baster, penyisipan ungkapan atau idiom, dan penyisipan klausa. Pengertian tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa campur kode penggunaaan dua bahasa atau lebih dengan menyisipkan unsur bahasa lainnya ke dalam bentuk kata, baster, kata ulang, idiom, dan klausa dalam satu situasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 52, "width": 170, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 798, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini pun sejalan dengan penelitian Hafari (2015) yang berjudul “Analisis Campur Kode dalam Iklan Radio Citra FM Kabupaten Wonosobo pada Bulan April 2015” yakni menemukan bahwa pada iklan ini memiliki peristiwa campur kode dalam wujud kata terbanyak sehingga memberikan wujud frasa dan klausa rendah dalam penelitiannya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa tingkat penggunaan campur kode dalam iklan, secara signifikan memengaruhi tingkat penggunaan bahasa yang baik khususnya dalam wujud kata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 227, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Campur kode terjadi apabila beberapa alasan yang bersumber dari penutur bahasa asli dengan menyisipkan bahasa asing di dalamnya berupa berupa kata, frasa, dan kalusa. Seperti yang dikemukakan Ferawati (2019) “percampuran dua atau lebih bahasa atau ragam bahasa dalam suatu tindak tutur tanpa ada sesuatu dalam situasi berbahasa yang menuntut percampuran bahasa itu, wujud campur kode ada empat yaitu, kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat”. Pengertian tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa campur kode penggunaaan dari bahasa asli oleh bahasa daerah yang disisipi kata, frasa, klausa, dan kalimat di dalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 400, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Campur kode terjadi apabila beberapa alasan yang berasal dari penutur yang ingin mentafsirkan atau menjelaskan, dalam campur kode berupa kata, frasa, dan kalusa. Hal ini senada dengan Marlin (2018) “caampur kode terjadi karena adanya hubungan timbal balik antara peranan penutur, bentuk bahasa, dan dunsi bahasa, bebearapa bentuk wujud campur kode tiga ada yaitu: kata, frasa, dan klausa Pengertian tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa campur kode terjadi antara peranan penutur dari bahasa asli oleh bahasa daerah yang disisipi kata, frasa, klausa, di dalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 448, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, dari data yang ditemukan diklasifiaksikan dalam bentuk campur kode yang digunakan berupa kata, frasa dan klausa pada papan reklame iklan komersial. Oleh karena itu, pada penlitian ini bahwa campur kode merupakan penggunaaan dari bahasa asli oleh bahasa daerah yang disisipi berupa kata, frasa, dan klausa di dalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 572, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa wujud campur kode terbanyak dalam penelitian ini berupa kata. Hal ini memberi gambaran terkait unsur kata lebih banyak ditemukan pada papan reklame. Oleh karena itu, tidak dapat dipungkiri, penggunaan bahasa asing, khususnya campur kode pada papan reklame menjadi daya tarik tersendiri dalam beriklan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 696, "width": 360, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Achmad, HP., & Abdullah, A. (2013). Linguistik umum . Jakarta: Erlangga Chaer, A. (2012). Linguistik umum . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 38, "width": 251, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2021, pp. 9-18 p-ISSN: 2615-4935 e-ISSN: 2615-4943", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 798, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ferawati. (2019). Campur kode pada acara “Rumah Uya” di Trans 7. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra , 4 (1): 32-43. http://jurnal.untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/ BDS/article/view/12252", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 158, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hafari, A.I. (2015). Analisis campur kode dan alih kode dalam iklan radio Citra FM Kabupaten Wonosobo pada Bulan April 2015. Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Jawa, 07 (01): 74-82. http://ejournal. umpwr.ac.id/index.php/aditya/article/view/2404", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 213, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hernimawati. (2018). Model implementasi kebijakan penataan reklame. Surabaya: Jakad Publishing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 401, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hoed, B. H. (2001). Dari logika tuyul ke erotisme. Magelang: Yayasan Indonesiatera Anggota IKAPI.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Madjadikara, S. A. (2005). Bagaimana biro iklan memproduksi iklan bimbingan praktis penulisan naskah iklan. Jakarta: gramedia Pustaka Utama. Marlin. (2018). Campur kode caramah Ustad Maulana dalam Acara “Islam Itu Indah” di Trans TV. Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra , 3 (1): 1-13. http://jurnal. untad.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/BDS/article/view/10040", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 404, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wakhidah, S., & Sudaryanto. (2019). Analisis campur kode dalam iklan daring Lazada Edisi April 2019: Kajian Sosiolinguistik. Deiksis , 11(03): 269-375. https://journal.lppmunindra.ac.id/index.php/Deiksis/article/view/3852 Wibowo, W. (2011). Cara cerdas menulis artikel ilmiah. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 406, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wirahyuni, K. (2017). Campur Kode dalam Iklan di Radio dan Televisi. Jurnal IKA , 15 (2) 157-167. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/IKA/article /view/20193", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 257, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 228, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2022, pp. 886~894 ISSN: 2252-8938, DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v11.i3.pp886-894", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 80, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " 886", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: http://ijai.iaescore.com", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 107, "width": 413, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning-based modeling of second-hand ship prices in South Korea", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 245, "top": 164, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Changro Lee 1 , Keyho Park 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 175, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Department of Real Estate, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 184, "width": 240, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Department of Geography, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 225, "width": 433, "height": 213, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Sep 15, 2021 Revised Mar 8, 2022 Accepted Apr 6, 2022 Accurate ship valuation can encourage transparency and reliability in the shipping industry. In this age driven by artificial intelligence; however, deep learning approaches have not yet taken root in ship valuation. Despite the significant achievements of deep learning algorithms in the field of unstructured data such as computer vision, the same cannot be said for the structured data-dominant areas, including the shipping industry. Neural networks (NNs), the most common algorithms for implementing deep learning, are known not to have a relative advantage in handling structured data, particularly in processing categorical data. The inefficiency of NNs for processing categorical data significantly degrades their performance when categorical data occupy a significant portion of a dataset. In this study, we employed a NN to estimate second-hand ship prices. Its architecture was specified using entity embedding layers to enhance the performance of the network when categorical variables were highly cardinal. Experimental results demonstrated that the information contained in categorical data can be efficiently extracted and fed into a NN using the entity embedding technique, thereby improving the prediction accuracy for ship valuation. The network architecture specified in this study can be applied in wider valuation areas where categorical data are prevalent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 314, "width": 74, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Categorical data Entity embedding", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 354, "width": 65, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Neural network Ship valuation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 377, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Structured data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 446, "width": 215, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 506, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 523, "width": 294, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Changro Lee Department of Real Estate, Kangwon National University 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24341, South Korea Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ship prices are notorious for volatility due to peaks and valleys in the shipping industry, and there are always rent seekers attempting to gain financial returns by exploiting the unpredictability of ship prices. This situation has become more apparent during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the ship sale and purchase market thrives on price volatility [1], it also indicates difficulties that valuation practitioners experience in estimating ship prices. Deep learning algorithms such as neural networks (NNs) have been appearing in the valuation literature since the 1990s [2], [3] to boost the predictive accuracy of asset valuation and have now started to replace the conventional models in the real estate valuation [4], [5]. However, in contrast to the active application of NNs to real estate valuation, few such studies have been conducted in the domain of ship valuation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 714, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this study, we attempt to apply a NN for estimating ship prices. First, we specify an appropriate NN architecture for application to tax returns of ship acquisition to estimate second-hand ship prices. We then compare the NN’s prediction accuracy to that of a few baseline models. Finally, we interpret the result produced by NN training to provide useful insights for ship valuation stakeholders. Ship valuation plays a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 265, "top": 59, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 776, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning-based modeling of second-hand ship prices in South Korea (Changro Lee)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "887", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "key role in the shipping market, such as investment decisions of shipping investors, and ship loan approvals by financial institutions. In contrast to the new building price of a ship, which is essentially a forward contract for the delivery of an age-zero vessel in the future, the price of second-hand ships is remarkably unpredictable, and thus more difficult to estimate to a reasonable degree, as explained above. This study aims to estimate second-hand ship prices.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It is well known that deep learning has been disproportionately applied in unstructured-data-laden sectors such as computer vision and natural language processing industries. The use of the NN algorithm in this study is expected to significantly promote the adoption of deep learning tools in structured-data- dominant sectors including the shipping industry. Additionally, the empirical findings identified in the results of the NN may provide useful insights for ship valuation practitioners.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This paper is constructed. Section 2 describes background information on ship valuation and the entity embedding technique. Section 3 explaines the data used and the NN architecture selected for estimating ship prices. Results and implications are interpreted in section 4. Lastly, conclusions are presented in section 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1. Ship valuation approach", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 442, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The literature on ship valuation has largely focused on the analysis of the time-series properties of ship prices, such as analyzing co-integrating relationships between ship prices and the time-charter rate, or market trends in the new building prices and second-hand prices of ships [6]–[8]. Although this approach can provide an estimate of the value of a standardized generic ship based on a constructed time series of ship values, it cannot produce a price estimate for a specific ship. To provide price estimates at a vessel-specific level, valuation must be performed based on micro-scale cross-sectional data such as individual ship sales records. A few studies have been conducted based on cross-sectional data to generate ship-specific price estimates [1], [9], [10]. In this line of research, one of three valuation methods, namely the income approach, sales comparison approach, and cost approach, is typically employed. The income approach estimates ship prices using discounted cash flow analysis or Monte Carlo simulation techniques based on the freight rate or time-charter rate. Because the income approach is based on cash flow generated in the future, it is typically favored by financial institutions when approving loan applications for ships. In the sales comparison approach, actual transactions between buyers and sellers are collected and utilized for estimating ship prices. Because this method directly relies on market evidence, its estimates are generally accepted as convincing estimates by market participants. The cost approach estimates ship prices by subtracting depreciation from replacement costs and is widely adopted in tax assessment because it is relatively simple and easy to implement. However, estimates from the cost approach tend to deviate from the market value as a ship becomes obsolete. In an ideal market, price estimates from all three valuation approaches tend to converge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this study, the sales comparison approach was used for ship valuation. Its estimates are based on market evidence; thus, they are considered reliable and convincing by stakeholders, as explained earlier. Additionally, the prices of second-hand ships vary more drastically than those of new building prices depending on vessel-specific characteristics such as shipbuilding materials, engine manufacturers, and age. This individual heterogeneity cannot be effectively captured by the income approach or cost approach. In contrast, the sales comparison approach can capture heterogeneity; thus, it was adopted for estimating second-hand ship prices in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2. Neural network (NN) with entity embedding", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 444, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning has achieved excellent performance in terms of utilizing unstructured data such as images, audio, video, and free-form text. For example, it intensively exploits imagery data to operate self-driving cars [11], [12] or detect concrete building defects [13], [14]. In contrast to the unstructured data that are commonly used in deep learning areas, the dominant data type found in the shipping industry is spreadsheet-like structured data. Ship transaction records, ship inspection certificates, and safety construction certificates are specific examples of structured data observed in shipping businesses. These structured data were utilized thoroughly in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Structured data comprise continuous variables and categorical variables. Categorical variables assume values that are names or labels such as vessel body color and engine type, which can be represented by fixed numbers. These numbers are called levels or elements and provide no meaningful information directly. Categorical variables are observed frequently in the shipping industry. For example, ships are often classified as passenger ships, fishing boats, or cargo ships. Ship valuation agents provide price estimates by considering key factors such as ship type and the presence/absence of specific features (with or without automatic radar plotting aid, and with or without lifeboats). These valuation factors are types of categorical variables. In the ship valuation literature, most studies have paid little attention to employing categorical", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2022: 886-894", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "888", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 442, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "variables or have been reluctant to use them because efficient tools for processing such variables were unavailable. In [1] estimated ship prices using a multivariate density estimation method and the employed explanatory variables were deadweight tonnage, age, and the time-charter rate. All these are continuous variables that are convenient to use for density estimation. In [10] estimated second-hand ship prices using NNs, but their study also had limitations in that only continuous variables (age, time-charter rate, new building price, and scrap value) were utilized for price estimation. One reason for using only continuous variables is that NNs are natively well suited to processing continuous data but inefficient at handling categorical data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 442, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Categorical variables need to be converted to numerical representations to allow a quantitative model to process them. Several methods have been developed for this purpose. The simplest method, namely the one-hot encoding approach, converts each element in a categorical variable into a new categorical column and assigns a binary value of one or zero to those columns. Although this method has been used commonly in the valuation literature [15], it has two disadvantages. First, when there are high-cardinality variables such as ship types or ZIP codes, one-hot encoding incurs excessive computational demand. Second, it treats different elements of categorical variables completely independently of each other and does not account for their informative interrelations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "If there is a clear ordering of the elements in a categorical variable, they can be translated into a set of numerical scores based on domain-specific knowledge. For example, ship agents can rank the grade of ship maintenance on an integer scale. A ship in a poor maintenance state may be scored as five, whereas an optimally maintained ship could be given a score of one. This method can be used efficiently in processing ordinal categorical variables [16], but has the drawbacks of demanding domain knowledge in the form of expert advice or consultation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The entity embedding technique has been proposed as an alternative for extracting meaningful information from categorical variables more efficiently. Entity embedding is a technique for mapping categorical values into a multi-dimensional space with fewer dimensions than the original number of levels. In this space, values with similar function outputs are close to each other [17].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1 presents an example of categorical data embedding methods. If there is a categorical variable, day of week, each element in it is converted into a separate binary variable under the one-hot encoding approach. Figure 1(a) shows an example of this approach. The problem with it is that the informative relationship between each element is lost during conversion. In contrast, an embedding is a vector representation of a categorical variable, and the example can be represented with four numbers for each element. Figure 1(b) shows this method, and the number four is referred to as the embedding dimension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 737, "width": 418, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Example of categorical data encoding methods (a) one-hot encoding and (b) entity embedding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 265, "top": 59, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 776, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning-based modeling of second-hand ship prices in South Korea (Changro Lee)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "889", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Figure 1(b), Monday and Tuesday, Wednesday through Friday, and Saturday and Sunday are similar to each other, respectively, indicating that the entity embedding matrix reasonably captures interrelations between elements within the variable, day of week. Each value in the resultant embedding matrix represents the weights connecting the input layer to the embedding layer in an NN. Therefore, the embedding matrix contains the weights of the embedding layer and can be learned in the same manner as the parameters of other NN layers [17]. Through this representation, rich information among elements in a categorical variable can be captured efficiently, and can subsequently be utilized in an NN training. Lee [18] applied this approach to real estate valuation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 174, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The problems discussed next can be alleviated by using the entity embedding technique. First, excessive computational resource consumption caused by the one-hot encoding of high-cardinality variables can be avoided. Second, different levels of categorical variables can be handled in a meaningful manner instead of these being treated completely independently of each other. Third, domain knowledge is not required once an NN is trained to learn the relationships between values of the same categorical variable efficiently. Finally, learned embeddings can be visualized using a dimensionality reduction technique, which can provide useful insights for stakeholders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several studies have estimated ship prices [9], [19]–[21], and recently, NNs have begun to be utilized to enhance the predictive accuracy of real estate valuation [22]–[24] and ship valuation [10]. However, most studies have not employed categorical variables for valuation, and even the few studies that have used these variables have not explicitly exploited the advantages of the aforementioned entity embedding technique. In this study, we attempted to fill this research gap by employing categorical variables actively in deep learning-based valuation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 442, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The extracted features such as the embedding vectors can be reused in any subsequent models including a support vector machine, a random forest, and an NN. However, the main focus of this study is to create embedding vectors for categorical variables by using an NN and demonstrate their benefits in the context of asset valuation. Thus, an NN is adopted as the main model in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1. Dataset", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 416, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The dataset used in this study contained tax returns for property acquisitions of ships traded in 2018. The ship attributes available in the tax returns include the deadweight tonnage, age, and acquisition price, as reported by taxpayers. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the 3,475 ships used in our analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The initial dataset included over 4,000 ships and the following records were removed during data preprocessing: records with missing values, redundant records, and implausible records such as an acquisition price reported as less than 10,000,000 KRW (approximately 9,000 USD). The median acquisition price for all ships in the dataset is 38,000,000 KRW (approximately 34,000 USD). The median deadweight tonnage is 5 tons and 99.4% of the ships (3,453 of 3,475) are less than 50,000 tons. Overall, this table indicates that small- and medium-sized ships are typically traded and reported for the purposes of property acquisition taxes. Ships with deadweight tonnage values of up to 50,000 tons are generally referred to as “handy-size” vessels and are mainly constructed in shipyards in South Korea, China, Japan, and Vietnam. Province refers to a local government having jurisdiction over the port of ship acquisition; 35.1% of the ships (1,218 of 3,475) were registered in Jeolla Province in 2018. The dominant ship type is a fishing boat (49.6%, 1,725 of 3,475).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 600, "width": 273, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Descriptive statistics for 3,475 ships (transactions in 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 611, "width": 418, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variable Min. Mean Median Max. Acquisition price (million KRW) 10 437 38 67,886 Deadweight tonnage 0.5 984 5 172,146 Age 1 16 15 74 Province (12 levels) Jeolla: 1,218, Gyeongsang: 709, Busan: 488, Jeju: 327, Gyeonggi: 213, Incheon: 155, Chungcheong: 127, Gangwon: 105, Ulsan: 59, Daegu: 47, Gwangju: 18, Daejeon: 9 Ship type (11 levels) Fishing boat: 1,725, Small motor boat: 884, Combination carrier: 249, Barge: 158, General cargo ship: 147, Oil tanker: 104, Tugboat: 102, Passenger ship: 51, Yacht without motor: 43, Yacht with motor: 6, Special cargo ship: 6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 187, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Architecture of a neural network (NN)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ship prices are affected by various factors, and selecting relevant variables involves a trade-off between valuation theory and data availability. Nine inputs were employed to estimate ship prices, as shwon in Table 2. All variables excluding deadweight tonnage, age, and assessed value are categorical data. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2022: 886-894", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "890", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "continuous variables were scaled to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. The target variable was the acquisition price, which was log-transformed to alleviate a right-skewed distribution. The 3,475 ships were split into training data (80%, 2,780 ships) and test data (20%, 695 ships) in a random manner, and the training data were further divided into two sets for ordinary training (2,224 ships) and validation purposes such as hyperparameter tuning (556 ships). The test data were reserved for the final evaluation of NN performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 175, "width": 358, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Input variables Data type Variable Number of levels Remarks Categorical Province 12 Embedding dimension: 4 Ship type 11 Embedding dimension: 4 Shipbuilding material 5 * One-hot encoding Engine make 2 (domestic, foreign) One-hot encoding Transaction type 4 ** One-hot encoding Buyer type 2 (individual, corp.) One-hot encoding Continuous Deadweight tonnage - Scaling Age - Scaling Assessed value - Scaling", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 279, "width": 319, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*: wood, light-steel, steel, fiber-reinforced plastic, and others, **: sales, auction, import, and others", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 312, "width": 442, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study adopted a fully connected layer NN or dense NN. Input layers were created, and embedding layers for the two high-cardinality categorical variables (province and ship type) were additionally created and joined to the architecture. A proper number of dimensions had to be defined for each embedding layer, and the prediction performance under various dimension sizes was investigated using the usual validation process. The number of dimensions assigned to each categorical variable based on this validation was four, as shown in the last column of Table 2. Three hidden layers were joined to the architecture to include more parameters to capture minor information contained in data. The final architecture of the NN is schematized in Figure 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 687, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Final NN architecture", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 721, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Figure 2, EE stands for entity embedding. The number of levels in input layer 1 (Province) is 12, and its embedding dimension is four. The number of levels in input layer 2 (ship type) is 11, and its embedding dimension is four. The numbers in parentheses in dense layers 1, 2, and 3 and the output layer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 265, "top": 59, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 776, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning-based modeling of second-hand ship prices in South Korea (Changro Lee)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "891", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "indicate the numbers of units (neurons) in each layer. That is, the three dense layers following concatenation contain 80, 40, and 10 neurons in order. The output layer is a linear layer with one neuron representing the ship price.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The specific implementation details are: a gradient descent optimizer with momentum and Glorot initialization with a uniform distribution were used. A constant learning rate of 0.001 was adopted because the result was only trivially changed by alteration in the learning rate or learning schedule (e.g., exponential scheduling and power scheduling). A rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function was used for all layers, except that a linear activation function was used for the output layer. The NN was trained for 30 epochs with a batch size of 64, and mean squared error was adopted as a loss function.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1. Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 232, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to evaluate model performance, as expressed by the following equation:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 265, "width": 392, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸 = 100 𝑛 ∑ | 𝑦−𝑦̂ 𝑦 | 𝑛 𝑖=1 (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 442, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where 𝑦 indicates the observed price, and 𝑦̂ denotes the estimated price from the NN. MAPE is a measure that is frequently used by property valuation agencies [25]. MAPE indicates the prediction error as a percentage and is convenient for comparisons across different valuation models. According to [26], [27], MAPE values greater than 10.0 are typically regarded as inappropriate for loan collateral programs and a valuation model with MAPE values in excess of 20.0 should not be used in applications involving risk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The dataset of 3,475 records was randomly split into training (80%) and test (20%) datasets. Table 3 shows the MAPE results based on the test dataset. The performances of a few baseline models are presented for comparative purposes. Specifically, we consider a regression model and an NN without entity embedding layers. One-hot encoding was accepted for the categorical variables in both the regression model and NN without entity embedding. As listed in the table, MAPE is generally less than 10.0, indicating that the fitted models do not present serious drawbacks. The MAPE of the NN utilizing entity embedding layers is the lowest by a meaningful margin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 458, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Comparisons of model performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 469, "width": 374, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regression model NN without entity embedding NN with entity embedding MAPE 4.6 3.9 3.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 441, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3 presents the distributions of residuals from the three models in Table 3. There are no specifically notable patterns in any of the three models. One clear result is that the range of residuals was reduced remarkably in the case of the NN with entity embedding layers, indicating its excellent prediction performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 728, "width": 125, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: EE stands for entity embedding.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 174, "top": 749, "width": 265, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Residual distributions for each model on the test dataset", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 2022: 886-894", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "892", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 83, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2. Interpreting learned embedding space", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 445, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The primary aim of entity embedding is to map similar elements in a categorical variable close to each other in an embedding space. Then, a relevant question arises: how does the distribution of elements in a categorical variable appear in the embedding space? To present high-dimensional embeddings visually, t-SNE was employed to map the embeddings to a 2D space. t-SNE is a dimensionality reduction technique that produces outstanding visualizations by reducing the tendency to crowd points together in a map [28]. Figures 4 and 5 present the results of the province and ship type embeddings represented in a 2D space.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 163, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The province variable had 12 levels and was transformed to an embedding layer with four dimensions. Figure 4 presents the learned province embedding, which is visualized in a 2D space. Three distinct clusters can be observed. One group consisting of Incheon, Chungcheong, and Gyeonggi shares the same location, that is, all three provinces face the west coast of the Korean Peninsula. Another group consisting of Ulsan, Jeolla, Jeju, and Busan also shares the same location, that is, all four provinces in the group are located in the south of the Korean Peninsula facing the south coast. The third group consisting of the remaining five provinces seems to defy a relevant interpretation. However, it is promising that some of the geographically adjacent provinces are clustered together, despite the algorithm’s ignorance of the geography in South Korea.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 599, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Province embedding mapped to a 2D space using t-SNE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The ship type variable had 11 levels and was converted into an embedding layer with four dimensions. Figure 5 presents the learned ship type embedding in a 2D space. Two main groups are identifiable in the figure. Passenger ship, general cargo ship, oil tanker, and special cargo ship are close to each other. The ships in this group are relatively expensive vessels with large sizes. The other ships are clustered in an oppositional position in the figure, and the ships in the second group can be interpreted as relatively cheap and small boats. These clustering results are notable because the NN algorithm is unaware of the characteristics of each ship type.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 714, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Although interpreting resultant embedding patterns is difficult and necessarily involves subjective judgment, it is for high-cardinality variables such as the province and ship type that the entity embedding technique exhibits noteworthy performance compared to the one-hot encoding approach.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Int J Artif Intell", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 265, "top": 59, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2252-8938", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 776, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep learning-based modeling of second-hand ship prices in South Korea (Changro Lee)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 510, "top": 59, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "893", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 172, "top": 391, "width": 269, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Ship type embedding mapped to a 2D space using t-SNE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 442, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Categorical variables are abundant in ship valuation, and the most common approach to handle these variables is to use one-hot encoding; thus, the advantages of entity embedding have not yet been explicitly exploited. We employed the entity embedding technique in this study to improve the performance of an NN by specifying and fitting an NN with entity embedding layers to tax returns for ship acquisitions. The results demonstrated that the NN with entity embedding layers outperformed the baseline models (regression model and NN without entity embedding layers). This improvement can be attributed to the capabilities of the entity embedding layers to capture informative relationships between the elements in each categorical variable. A study limitation is that we only discussed the clustering patterns in a compressed 2D embedding space and did not interpret the values in the embedding matrices. For example, the embedding matrix for the provinces had 12 rows and 4 columns. The element values in this matrix were learned during NN training. Subsequent studies should interpret the values in embedding matrices to provide more explainable deep learning models for stakeholders. Another limitation is the small number of variables used in the valuation model. The variables frequently reported in the literature include the time-charter rate, scrap value, oil price, and London Interbank Offered Rate. These variables are primarily responsible for reflecting changes in the shipping market and need to be utilized in future studies, particularly when the dataset consists of time-series data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 441, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] R. Adland and S. Koekebakker, “Ship valuation using cross-sectional sales data: a multivariate non-parametric approach,” Maritime Economics and Logistics , vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 105–118, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100174.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 441, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] M. M. Lenk, E. M. Worzala, and A. 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Alekseev, “The complex neural network model for mass appraisal and scenario forecasting of the urban real estate market value that adapts itself to space and time,” Complexity , vol. 2021, pp. 1–17, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1155/2021/5392170.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 442, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[25] M. Ecker, H. Isakson, and L. Kennedy, “An exposition of AVM performance metrics,” Journal of Real Estate Practice and Education , vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 22–39, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/15214842.2020.1757352.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 346, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[26] P. Rossini and P. J. Kershaw, “Automated valuation model accuracy: Some empirical testing.” 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 441, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[27] H. R. Isakson, M. D. Ecker, and L. Kennedy, “Principles for calculating AVM performance metrics,” The Valuation Journal, National Association of Romanian Valuers , vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 38–69, 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 441, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[28] L. van der Maaten and G. Hinton, “Visualizing data using t-SNE,” Journal of Machine Learning Research , vol. 9, pp. 2579–2605, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 516, "width": 341, "height": 49, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Changro Lee is a professor at the Department of Real Estate, Kangwon National University (KNU), South Korea. Before joining KNU, Lee was a researcher at Korea Institute of Local Finance (KILF). He has worked in the fields of real estate management, machine learning, and local financing of real estate. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 640, "width": 341, "height": 49, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keyho Park holds a Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) in Architecture, Master of Urban Planning (MUP), and Ph.D in Computer Science. He has been a professor since 1995 at Department of Geography, Seoul National University (SNU), South Korea. His teaching and research areas of interest include geographic information science, spatio- temporal statistics and machine learing. He can be contacted at email: [email protected].", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 165, "top": 760, "width": 270, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub : Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 54, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 145, "top": 52, "width": 365, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا يف نيسيئر نيصخشل تاجاحلا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد ) ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا في ينسيئر ينصخشل تاجالحا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 183, "top": 220, "width": 230, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya 1 Muhammad Walidin 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 234, "width": 281, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Raden Fatah Palembang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 269, "width": 48, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 290, "width": 332, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to determine the level of fulfillment of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs on the characters Barakah Urabi and Bibi Harith, in the film Barakah Yuqabil Barakah (BYB) by Mahmoud Sabbagh. In achieving this the researcher conducted two analyses. Firstly, analyzing the form of characterizations in the film BYB to find out the classification of characters and the form of characterizations in the characters Barakah Urabi and Bibi Harith. Secondly, analyzing the personalities of the figures Barakah Urabi and Bibi Harith which includes how they fulfill the hierarchy of needs from the lowest to the highest. The theory used in this study is the Structural and humanistic theory of Abraham", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 394, "width": 332, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maslow's personality, through qualitative methods. The analysis phase was carried out by collecting data relevant to the technique of reading, observing, taking notes, then analyzing it according to Abraham Maslow's humanistic personality theory, after which the data was presented descriptively with documentation. The results of the study show that there are two main characters in the film BYB who have different characters. Barakah Urabi is described as a simple man, while Bibi Harith is described as a modern woman. These two figures fulfill all their needs. These needs include: physiological needs, safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and self-actualization.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 451, "top": 326, "width": 57, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract صلختسم ثحبلا", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 521, "width": 309, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Barakatin Yuqābilu Barakatan, Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Structural", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 96, "top": 498, "width": 413, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords تاملك ةيساسأ INTRODUCTION ( ةمدقم ) ماع دنع 2016", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 610, "width": 437, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "نع مليفلا اذه يكيح .\"ةكرب لباقي ةكبرب\" مليف غابص دوممح جرخأ ، ةقرف في لثمم اًضيأ وهو ، ةدج نم يعرش طباض ،بيارع ةكرب .ةفلتمخ تايصخش امله ينبيبح ةغللب مليف لضفأ رايتخا في مليفلا حيشرت تم دقو .ةيرلحبا ةئيلم ةليجم ةأرما ثراح بييب .ةيحرسم ةيبنجلأا تم امك .ةيدوعسلا ةيبرعلا ةكلمملل ًلاثمم يننامثلاو عساتلا راكسولأا زئاوج عيزوت لفح في", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 98, "width": 98, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 182, "top": 120, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 239, "top": 139, "width": 128, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 07 No. 02, July 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 760, "width": 71, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 07 No. 02 July, 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 214, "top": 760, "width": 105, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2581-060X; e-ISSN : 2746-6922", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 338, "top": 767, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: http://aluslub.fah.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/uslub/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 476, "top": 56, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya, Muhammad Walidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 437, "height": 321, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "لوأ حبصيل ينثلاثلاو نماثلا ليودلا يئامنيسلا ةرهاقلا ناجرهلم ةيرصقلا ةمئاقلا في مليفلا رايتخا ناجرهلما في كراشي يدوعس مليف . 1 يرياعم ةيسيئرلا ةيصخشلا رهظت لم ، مليفلا اذه في روهملجا اهمهفي نأ نكيم تيلا ةيصخشلا ضرعت تيلا ثراح بييب ةيصخش لىإ ةفاضلإبا ، اًبيتر اًرود بعلت انهأ ودبت تيلا ةكرب ةيصخش .اًديج .تافيصوتلاو تايصخشلا ىلع زيكترلل لكشلا ليلتح لىإ ةجاح كانه كلذل .يربك دح لىإ اهفئاظو لاا لبق لىولأا ةلحرلما وه يئاشنلإا ليلحتلا .رخآ ليلتح لىإ لاقتن تانئاكك ناسنلإا لكاشبم ةلصلا قيثو اًيسفن اًبناج اًضيأ \"ةكرب لباقي ةكرب\" مليف ضرعي اًدانتسا .ةيساسلأا متهاجايتحا يه تيلا بناولجا نم ديدعلا ةيبلت لىإ ناسنلإا جاتيح .ةيعامتجا .تاجايتحا ةدع ىلع ًءانب ناسنلإا شيعي ، ولسام ماهاربأ ةيرظن لىإ يمرلها لسلستلا ةيرظن ةجالحا يهو ، اهتيبلت بيج تيلا ةجالحا مهأ نم اًءدب ، ولسام ماهاربلأ تياوتسلما ةددعتم ةجالحا ىلعأو ،ريدقتلل ةجالحا و ،ةيعامتجلاا ةجالحا ، ناملأا لىإ ةجالحا ثم ، ةيجولويسفلا تاذلا قيقحتل 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 381, "width": 350, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "لأا ىوتسلما هتاجايتحا فىوتسا دق صخشلا ناك اذإ . هيجوت متيسف ، نىد", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 408, "width": 422, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".ىلعلأا دنع ةروكذلما ةجالحا ةيبلت ونح ةدايقلاو حومطلا كانه .نيدلاو دوجو مدع وهو لاأ ، دحاو ءيش في ثراح بييب عم بيارع ةكرب كترشت ةيمنتلا ىلع يرثتأ بلحا عابشلإ نوكيس .رغصلا ذنم ءامتنلابا روعشلاو بلحا لىإ ةجاح ةجالحا ةيبلتل ةيناسنلإا ناعيطتست لا ينتيصخشلا ينتاه نأ نيدلاو دوجو مدع نيعي لاأ .ىرخلأا ؟ةيلاتلا ةجالحا ةيبلت ىلع يرثتأ هل نوكيس لهف ؟ءامتنلااو بلحا نم امتهاجايتحا ةيبلت .ناسنلإا في ةجاح بلحا .هدرفبم شيعلا عيطتست لا يعامتجلاا قولخلما وه ناسنلإا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 569, "width": 157, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "لحا ينمضت متي ، ولسام ةيرظنل اًقفو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 569, "width": 423, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".ثلاثلا ىوتسلما في ديدحتلباو ، ةيعامتجلاا ةجالحا في ب لسلستلل ولسام ماهاربأ ةيبلت ىدم نوثحابلا للحيس ، ةقباسلا ةروكذلما تلاكشلما ىلع ًءانب اًيرثم اًرمأ ةيصخشلل يسفنلا فصولا حبصي ثيح .بييبو ةكرب ماقرأ ىلع تاجايتحلال يمرلها مهف نم روهملجا نكمتي تىح .ةساردلل .ناسنلإا تاجايتحا ةيبلت لكش", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 386, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Rahmawati Anggia, Reprresentasi Cinta Dalam Film Barakah Yuqobil Barakah (Kajian Semiotika) hlm.2", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 424, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Albertine Minderop, Psikologi Sastra: Karya Satra, Metode, Teori, Dan Contoh Kasus, (Jakarta: Yayasan pustaka obor Indonesia, 2016) hlm.49", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 760, "width": 270, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub : Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 54, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 198, "top": 52, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا يف نيسيئر نيصخشل تاجاحلا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 85, "width": 414, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK ( تايرظن ) أ . تايصخشلا", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 150, "width": 430, "height": 213, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "كولس وأ ثادحبأ نوريم ةيح تانئاك وأ ناسنإ لكش في ينعنطصم دارفأ نع ةرابع تايصخشلا .ةفلتخلما ةصقلا ثادحأ في 3 يمارد وأ نيف لمع في صاخشأ مه تايصخشلا نأ زماربأ فشك بيج .لاعفلأاو تاملكلا للاخ نم اهنع يربعتلا متي ةيقلاخأ تافصب عتمتي هنأ ىلع هيرسفت متي نم ةيصخش لك رود ديدتح نكيم .صصقلا وأ ةصقلا في اًنيعم اًرود تايصخشلا بعلت نأ علا في تايصخشلا ميسقت نكيم .اهتيصخش للاخ صصق وأ ملافأ لكش في ءاوس بيدلأا لم تايصخشلاو ةيسيئرلا ةيصخشلا يهو ، ةعجارلماو رظنلا ةهجوو ةيمستلا ىلع ًءانب عاونأ ةدع لىإ ، ةريدتسلما تايصخشلاو ةطيسبلا تايصخشلاو ، موصلخاو لطبلا تايصخشلاو ، ةدعاسلما ةتباثلا تايصخشلاو ، .ةيدايلحاو ةيجذومنلا تايصخشلاو تايصخشلا ريوطتو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 338, "width": 357, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 4 ب . بدلأا سفنلا ملع", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 392, "width": 430, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "نكيم .ةيسفنلا ةطشنلأاو تايلمعلا فصت انهأ دقتعي تيلا لامعلأا ةسارد وه بيدلأا سفنلا ملع بولسبأ هراكفأ نع برعي امدنع ، ناسنلإا لقع في ثحبي ملع وه بيدلأا سفنلا ملع نأ لوقلا .قينأ يوغل 5 للاخ نم اهتساردب حمست ةيبدلأا لامعلأا نأ لاإ ، ةيلايخ انهوك نم مغرلا ىلع نإ .ةصقلا في ةفلتمخ ةيسفن لكاشم نع فشكت نأ نكيم تيلاو ، صاخشلأا ةيصخش ضرع في حورلا رهظت لا .حورلا ةروص مسرت تيلا ةيناسنلإا لكاشلمبا قلعتت بيدلأا سفنلا ملع ةيبذاج كيم لب ، بسحف بدلأا .ىرخلآا حاورأ لثتم نأ اًضيأ اهن", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 554, "width": 430, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "جردن .ج ولسام تاجالح ةماعلا ةجالحبا ةعوفدم .تاذلا قيقحتل ليم وأ يرطف عارص هيدل صخش لك ، ولسالم اًقفو ةجالحا هذه تياوتسم بيترت متي ، ىلعلأا لىإ ساسلأا نم ، تياوتسم لىإ مسقنت تيلا ةيرطفلاو صخش اذالم .ناسنلإا تاجايتحا ةيبلتل يسيئرلا حاتفلما يه ةدارلإاو وةيوقلا ةدارلإا .ملس لثم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 709, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Dina Ramadhanti , Buku Ajar Apresiasi Prosa Indonesia (Yogyakarta: Deepublis ,2018) hlm. 49", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 721, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Burhan Nurgiantoro, Teori Pengkajian Fiksi (Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada Universitas Press, 2018) hlm. 258", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 132, "top": 744, "width": 379, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 ١٨٠ ص ،)١٩٤٩ ،لولأا داوف ةعماج( ةيجزومنلا ةعوبطملا يبدلأا سفنلا ملع يف تاسارد .رداقلا دبع دماح", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 760, "width": 71, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 07 No. 02 July, 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 214, "top": 760, "width": 105, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2581-060X; e-ISSN : 2746-6922", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 338, "top": 767, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: http://aluslub.fah.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/uslub/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 476, "top": 56, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya, Muhammad Walidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 430, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ام روعشلا لجأ نم ةفلتخلما ةايلحا تلاامج في حاجنلا وه ببسلا حجرأ ىلع ؟ةيوق ةدارإ هيدل .ةداعسلبا 6 :لياتلا وحنلا ىلع ةمظنم ةيمرلها ةجالحا نأ ولسام ماهاربأ فشك - ةيدسلجا ةايلحا ىلع ظافحلل ، ةيساسلأا ناسنلإا تاجايتحا يه ةيجولويسفلا تاجالحا عطلا لىإ ةجالحا يهو ، .ينجسكلأاو ةحارلاو بارشلاو ما", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 193, "width": 429, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- يهو ناملأا لىإ ةجالحا رهظت ،ةيجولويسفلا تاجالحا عابشإ دعب هنإف ،ولسام مره قفو ،دراولماو تاداريلإا نمأ ،يفيظولا نملأا،ءادتعلااو فنعلا نم ةيدسلجا ةملاسلا:لمشت خشلا تاكلتملما نمأ ،يحصلا نملأا ،يرسلأا نملأا يسفنلاو يونعلما نملأا دض ةيص", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 273, "width": 429, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".ةيمرلجا - ،ةيعامتجلاا ةجالحا يهو ةثلاثلا ةقبطلا رهظت ،ناملأاو ةيجولويسفلا تاجالحا عابشإ دعب ًامومع ناسنلإاو ،ءاقدصلأا باستكا ،ةيرسلأا تاقلاعلا ،ةيفطاعلا تاقلاعلا :لمشتو يداونلاك( ةيربك ةيعامتجا ةعوممج لىإ ءاوس ،لوبقلاو ءامتنلاا لىإ ةجالحبا نورعشي و ةيرغصلا ةيعامتجلاا تلاصلا وأ )ةيضيارلا قرفلاو ،ةينهلما تامظنلماو ،ةينيدلا تاعاملجا يسنلجا( بلحا لىإ ةجالحاو ،)ينبرقلما ءلامزلاو ،ينملعلماو ،ينميملحا ءاكرشلاو ةرسلأاك( قلقلل نوضرعتي سانلا نم ةيرثكلا رصانعلا هذه بايغ فيو ،نيرخلآا نم )يسنلجا يرغو جلاا ةلزعلاو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 462, "width": 84, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".بائتكلااو ةيعامت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 489, "width": 429, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- ةقومرلما ةيعامتجلاا ةناكلما قيقتح في درفلا تاجاح ىلع زيكترلا متي انه ريدقتلل ةجالحا . ةوقلاو ةقثلبا ساسحلإاو هل نيرخلآا ماترحبا روعشلاو - هتاردق مادختسا ميظعت للاخ نم هتاذ قيقتح درفلا لوايح اهيفو تاذلا قيقحتل ةجالحا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 569, "width": 283, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "لمحاو ةيلالحا هتاراهمو .تازانجلإا نم نكمم ردق بركأ قيقحتل ةلمت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 96, "top": 569, "width": 414, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 METHOD ( ةقيرط \\ جهنم ثحبلا ) .أ ثحبلا عون 6 99 .ص)٢٠١٦ ,ميمصتلاو ةع ابطلل نتملا راد :دادغب ,قارعلا( ةيصحشلا ت ءانبو تاذلا ةرادإ ,يبارغلا به لاس", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 424, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Albertine Minderop, Psikologi Sastra: Karya Satra, Metode, Teori, Dan Contoh Kasus , (Jakarta: Yayasan pustaka obor Indonesia, 2016) hlm.49", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 165, "top": 760, "width": 270, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub : Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 54, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 198, "top": 52, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا يف نيسيئر نيصخشل تاجاحلا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 430, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ثحبلا عون مهسفنأ نوثحابلا ىرجأ ثيح .يفصو يعون ثبح وه نوثحابلا همدختسي يذلا ةكرب مليف وهو ثحبلا عوضوم نم اهيلع اولصح تيلا تامولعلما عجم للاخ نم ثحبلا اذه في تيلا رهاوظلا يرسفت دصقب ةيعيبط ةئيب مدختسي يذلا ثحبلا وه يعونلا ثحبلا .ةكرب لباقي وم ةفلتمخ اًقرط نمضتيو ثدتح ةيبيرتج ءايشأ ىلع موقي يذلا ثحبلا وه ةعيبطلبا دوصقلما .ةدوج", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 193, "width": 430, "height": 132, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".ةيجهنمو ةينلاقعو 8 وأ قئاقلحا وأ تامولعلما يرفوتل ةهجوم ةقيرطب ثحبلا وه يفصولا ثحبلا .ءارلآا سيلو ، ةقيقدو ةيجهنم 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تيلا ةيصخشلا يه ةديالمحا ةيصخشلا طقف اهسفن لثتم ةديالمحا . 17 - ةدرلخا ينخدت في همياأ يضقي رمعلا فصتنم في لجر شاد . - ةلسغم ةيدعسلا تناك - .بييب ريدم وه يكرت ب", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 240, "width": 429, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "تاذ جئاتنلا ىلع لوصلحا لجأ نم ثحبلا اذه معدت تيلا تايصخشلا فينصت ةفرعم دع بييبو بيارع ةكرب تايصخش تاجايتحلا يمرلها ولسام ماهاربأ لسلست نوثحابلا حرشيس ةلصلا ةيجولويسفلا ةجالحا .ولسام ةيرظن في ةيناسنلإا تاجايتحلال بتارم ةسخم كانه .ثراح ،", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 333, "width": 376, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ناملأا تاجايتحا ، ةيعامتجلاا ةجالحا ، ريدقتلل ةجالحا ، .تاذلا قيقحتل ةجالحا 18 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 426, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "بارع ةكبرل تاجالحا جردت . ةيجولويسفلا ةجالحا .أ .ةيقبسلأا اله ةجالحا هذه نإف اذل ، اًحالحإ 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e-ISSN : 2746-6922", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 338, "top": 767, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: http://aluslub.fah.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/uslub/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 476, "top": 56, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya, Muhammad Walidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 85, "width": 409, "height": 124, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةيجولويسفلا ةجالحا .أ بصقو زولما .قلاطلإا ىلع يرصع لضفأو لضفأو ملح نم ينتيرطش ديرأ :ثراح بييب ركسلا . ىدل ةدوجولما ةجالحا عيجم معدت ةيجولويسفلا ةجالحا .ناسنلإا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 184, "width": 11, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 184, "width": 115, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "في راولحا فطتقم رهظُي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 435, "top": 211, "width": 76, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةقيقدلا 54:39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 211, "width": 430, "height": 115, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "بييب .تايرغتلما نم ديدعلا عم لكتأ نأ ثراح بييب تدارأ امدنع ىلعلأا دنع ةيجولويسفلا بييب تاجايتحا نأ دكؤلما نم .اهسفنل اًيحص اًماعط ديرت عبطلبا ،ءيازأ ةضراع ثراح .اهتيبلت تتم دق 2 نملأا ةجالحا .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 428, "width": 357, "height": 84, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ": باشلا تنأ مك .بضغت لا ،اًئيش لق .مقر درمج ؟فتالها مقر نع اذامو اوحسما .سمشلا نم ةنوخس رثكأ تنأ ؟فقولما اذه لثم في عئار اًدج راح كنأ ةجردل اًدج راح كنأ ىشخأ ،كعم يشمأ نأ لي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 483, "width": 5, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 510, "width": 429, "height": 59, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".اذه ذخ ؟ةنخاس ديرت : ثراح بييب .رطلخا رطخ نم ةايلحا ةياحم لىإ ةجالحا هذه فدته 25 رهظُي ةعاسلا راولحا نم فطتقم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 565, "width": 429, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "07:34 بييب نم لجر بترقا .قيرطلا بناج ىلع ثراح بييب هيف فقت يذلا دهشلما ةقيقد .لجرلا ةرايس في ابهرشت تناك تيلا ةنخاسلا ةوهقلا ثراح بييب تقلأ ،عاجش بولسبأ .اهقياضو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 413, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24 Muiz Yusron Hamdi dan Heri Dwi Santoso, Abra ham Maslow’s Humanistic Psychological Review on Lucille Fletcher’s Sorry Wrong Number (1943) . 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(Skripsi S1 Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 760, "width": 270, "height": 17, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub : Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 54, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "173", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 198, "top": 52, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا يف نيسيئر نيصخشل تاجاحلا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "تبثي .اهدده يذلا ءيشلا هاتج بييب هتدبأ يذلا بضغلا لعف در ىلع لدي اذهو دنع راولحا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 112, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".نملأا لىإ ثراح بييب ةجاح ةيبلت ىلع ىلعلأا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 166, "width": 430, "height": 140, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 . ةيعامتجلاا ةجالحا ءيشب كل تيتأ :بارع ةكرب . حسلما في 26:25 باش ةكرب .ةيده ثراح بييب ءاطعبإ هبح راهظإ بيارع ةكرب لوايح ،ةقيقد لها يوفع لكشب ثراح بييب تضفر .ةيئاسنلا ةيلخادلا سبلالما نم هتلاخ يدهي جذاس ةيد بكرلما رهظ ىلع بييب دلايم ديعب لافتحلابا همامتهاو هبح ةكرب رهظُي ،كلذ لىإ ةفاضلإبا .ةبيرغلا", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 320, "top": 392, "width": 191, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "؟ةكرب يا ةليللا نيذخأتس نيأ :ثراح بييب اهنيترس ةأجافم :بارع ةكرب", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 447, "width": 427, "height": 192, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "عم ةنونح تاقلاع ةماقإ ىلع صخشلا عجشت ةجاح يه ءامتنلااو بلحا لىإ ةجالحا لخاد ،نيرخلآا .عمتلمجا فيو ةرسلأا 26 بح نم ةدحاو يه ثراح بييب دلايم ديع ةأجافم دنع تايطعلما ىلع ًءانب .بيح نأو ًباوبمح نوكي نأ ديري صخش لك .اهتياعرو بيارع ةكرب سنلجا نم ةبوبمحو ًباوبمح نوكت نأ لىإ ةجالحا .ءامتنلااو بلحا لىإ بييب ةجاح ةيبلت تم ،ىلعلأا )ةايلحا كيرش( رخلآا .اهبحأ اًصخش ثراح بييب تدجو امدنع ةداعسلبا روعشلا نم حضتي ثراح بييب تدجو امدنع ةداعسلبا روعشلا نم حضتي )ةايلحا كيرش( رخلآا سنلجا نم .اهبحأ اًصخش", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 635, "width": 210, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 . ريدقتلل ةجالحا ةدلولا : ؟ثراح بييب ، ةمع", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 426, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "26 Agung Budi Susilo, Karakter Tokoh Mustafa dalam Novel “Turkistan Night” karya Najib Al - Kilani Analisis Struktural dan Psikologi Abraham Maslow . (Skripsi S1 Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu Budaya, UIN Sunan Kalijaga)", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 760, "width": 71, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 07 No. 02 July, 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 214, "top": 760, "width": 105, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2581-060X; e-ISSN : 2746-6922", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 407, "top": 767, "width": 28, "height": 6, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 775, "width": 165, "height": 6, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://aluslub.fah.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/uslub/index", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 476, "top": 56, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya, Muhammad Walidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 85, "width": 231, "height": 133, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ثراح بييب : معن ةدلولا : ؟لأسأ نأ نينكيم له ثراح بييب : يزيزع عبطلبا ةدلولا ؟مارغتسنلاا ىلع كهجو ىرن تىم : ثراح بييب :", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 193, "width": 430, "height": 282, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "تقولا اذه في سيل يرهاشلما نم يهف ، ثراح بييب ةيصخش هلثتم امك .روخف زانجإ وه ةزئاج ىلع لوصلحا تاذلا ماترحا لاكشأ نم لكش يه ةرهشلا .ينعباتلما نم ينيلالما اهيدلو نيروهشلما نيرثؤلما وأ بييب ىدل ديدعلا ءاغلإ تم .يعامتجلاا لصاوتلا لئاسو ىلع لماكلبا اههجو رهظي لم .ثراح اههجو راهظإ ثراح بييب نم تبلط انهلأ ثراح بييب عم تنواعت تيلا ليمجتلا تاكرام نم تلظ .نواعتلا اذه بييب ضفر عبطلبا ، ةيصوصخ هجولا برتعيو طقف ثثلجا عيبي رثؤمك .لماكلبا عم ةقستم ثراح بييب رجلأا نم مغرلا ىلع ، بطلا في يعامتجلاا اههجو راهظإ مدعب اهرارق .يعامتجلاا لصاوتلا لئاسو ىلع اههجو راهظإ لايح ناملأا مدعب ثراح بييب ترعش .عفترلما نم ماترحلاا بسكو ، تاذلا ماترحا ىلع ظافلحا للاخ نم تاذلا ماترحا ثراح بييب ققتح لماو ةرهشلا راهظإ للاخ نم نيرخلآا ةعمسلاو ةناك", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 450, "width": 231, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ". 5 تاذلا قيقحتل ةجالحا .", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 614, "width": 429, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "جوزتيو عديخ رخآ اًصخش دجلأ بهذأ : ثراح بييب . ولسام موهفم دمتعي .متهايح ةورذ لىإ لوصولل ناسنلإا تاجايتحلال يمرلها ولسام لسلست هجوي ةيناسنلإا ةعيبطلا تحبصأ ثيح ، ناسنلإا لخاد دوجولما يرهولجا ومنلا ىلع تاذلا قيقتح نع", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 760, "width": 270, "height": 17, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Uslub : Journal of Arabic Linguistic and Literature", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 54, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "175", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 198, "top": 52, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليفلا يف نيسيئر نيصخشل تاجاحلا جردت ( ولسام ماهاربلأ ةيبدأ ةيجولوكس ةسارد )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 474, "top": 85, "width": 37, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".ومنت 27", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 385, "height": 29, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ةقيقدلا في ىلعلأا دنع ةدراولا تناايبلا رهظُت 1:11:38 بييبل جايتحا ىوتسم ىلعأ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 112, "width": 430, "height": 79, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ح مأ هيدترت ام ديدتح كلذ في ابم ، ءاشت ام لعف في قلحا الهو اتهايح يه اتهايح نأ دقتعت .ثرا في ابم ، اهيبأ ةجوز تابغر عابتا اًقح ديرت لا اًيرخأ تىح .اتهايحو اهتنهم ديدتح كلذكو ، لا اح ككفتلا .ةرسلأا ككفت في ببستلا نم مغرلا ىلع .اهدلاو رايتخا نم لجرب اهجاوز كلذ ةل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 193, "width": 273, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".قرفتلا ببسيف ةدحولاو ةيلكلا عيضتف ، ةبلص ةدحاو تسيل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 250, "width": 94, "height": 16, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 247, "width": 319, "height": 74, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( ةصلاخ \\ ةمتاخ ) أ. ةصلاخ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 81, "top": 323, "width": 430, "height": 373, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "عم ،ةكرب لباقي ةكرب مليف في ةيسيئرلا ةيصخشلا اهم ثراح بييبو بيارع ةكرب نأ جاتنتسلاا نكيم يهف ثراح بييب امأ ،ةطيسب ةيصخشب ةكرب ةيصخش زيمتت ثيح .ةياورلا لطب تايصخش يمرلها لسلستلا ءافيتسا تم .ةصقلا مدقت عم ةيصخشلا روطت برتتخ انهلأ ةريدتسم ةيصخش قرلا تاجايتحلا لسلستلا ىلع ًءانب ةجالحا عيجم بيارع ةكرب بيلت .لياتلا وحنلا ىلع ،لماكلبا ينم ءاقبلل سلالمجاو ماعطلاو سبلالما لمشت ةيجولويسفلا ةجالحا :كلذ في ابم ،ولسام ماهاربلأ يمرلها تاجايتحاو ،مهدلب نم ةينوناقلا ةياملحا ىلع لوصلحا لثم نملأا تاجايتحاو ،ةايلحا ديق ىلع لحا ثراح بييب بحو نيرخلآا ةيد نم ةياعرلا ساسحبإ ةجالحا هذه ةيبلت متيو ،ءامتنلااو ب ىلع رداق يرغو مأ نودب شيعي .ةيلمعك اهلك هتايح لوبقل بيارع ةكرب دوهج لك لمشي .ةكبرلل تلصو ،ثراح بييبب كلذكو .لملأا عيضي نأ نود هتايح شيع في رمتسيو ،هبيبح عم داتحلاا قتح ىوتسم لىإ ،ةايلحا رارمتسلا ماعطو ىوأمو ةوسك عابشإ نم ةيجولويسفلا تاجالحا .تاذلا قي ،يعامتجلاا لصاوتلا عقاوم ىلع اههجو رشن مدع للاخ نم نملأل ثراح بييب ةجاح ةيبلت متي بييب ملقب .ءامتنلااو بلحا لىإ ةجالحا ىلع لوصلحا متي ،ةروهشم ةيصخش ثراح بييب نلأ لا بيارع ةكرب نم ثراح ماترحا لىإ ثراح بييب ةجاح ةيبلت تم دقو ،ةدولماو مامتهلاا رفوت تي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 422, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "27 Albert Minderop, Psikologi Sastra: Karya, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus (Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia) hlm. 206", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 760, "width": 71, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 07 No. 02 July, 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 214, "top": 760, "width": 105, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN : 2581-060X; e-ISSN : 2746-6922", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 338, "top": 767, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: http://aluslub.fah.uinjambi.ac.id/index.php/uslub/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 476, "top": 56, "width": 20, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "176", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 55, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Nanda Khoirunnisya, Muhammad Walidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ثراح بييب تققح دقو ،اهتيبعش ببسب ةرهشو ريدقت ىلع ثراح بييب تلصحو ،تاذلا .اهشيعت نأ في قلحا الهو اله تناك ةايلحا هذه .اتهايحو اهتنهم في هلمع متيس ام ددتح .اهسفن", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 151, "width": 430, "height": 314, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ب . الإ تاحاترق تم ثبح ىلع ءنا ًاديفمو ًاديفم نوكينأ نكيم ،غابص دوملمحا ةكرب ليبوقي ةكرب مليف ىلع هؤارجإ ةيبرعلا ةغللا بلاطو باتكليبدلأا ثحبلا قاطن ريوطتل داومك اهمادختسا نكيم ثم .عمتجملل ةصاخ ،بيدلأا سفنلا ملعب ةقلعتلما تلاكشلما نم ديزلما نوقبتاكل ثحبي نأ لومألما نمو .ابهادآو ةيبلت في يكل هنأ ،ةايلحا في ديفلما نم نوكي نأ لمنأ ثم .ةيرشبلا تاجايتحلال يمرلها لسلستلا مهفن نأ مهلما نم ناسنلإا تاجايتحا عيجم ةيبلت بيج ،ةلماكلا ةداعسللااني ًنااسنإ حبصت نب ةبتاكلنم ديزلما نكمتي نأ ًاضيأ بتاكلا لميأ ،لماكلبا ًارشب نوكن نلأ اهجاتنح تيلاقوقلحا ف نم في ىري بتاكلا نلأ ،بدلأا عامتجا ملع جهنم عم ةكرب لييوقي ةكرب مليفلا ضارغأ صح نإف اذل ،ةلودلا في ةينوناقلاو ةيعامتجلاا تاجايتحلالاا ةئيبلبا قلعتت لكاشم كانه نأ مليفلا تناك اذإ ةياغلل تنمم فلؤلما مليفلا عوضوم لوح ثحبلا في تاثيدتح دجيسمتني ةبتاكل لأ تلاخدمكانه ديزلما ةفرعم لىإ ةجاحبلازي لا فلؤلما نلأ ،ةساردلا هذه في روصقلا هجو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 480, "width": 105, "height": 16, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBILIOGRAPHY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 477, "width": 429, "height": 108, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( عجارلما ةمئاق ) . 1 . ةيبرعلا ةغللا عجارم (. رداقلا دبع دماح 1949", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 104, "top": 563, "width": 294, "height": 22, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".لولأا داوف ةعماج: ةيجزومنلا ةعوبطلما. بيدلأا سفنلا ملع في تاسارد .)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, 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Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 263, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 3 Tahun 2024 Page 16728-16736 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 146, "width": 469, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Peran Orang Tua dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik di Kelas I SDN Sawojajar 01", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 218, "width": 268, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dea Sulistina 1 ✉ , Didik Tri Setiyoko 2 , Moh. Toharudin 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 239, "width": 182, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Muhadi Setiabudi Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 302, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 321, "width": 487, "height": 185, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik di kelas I SDN Sawojajar 01. Peserta didik kelas I merupakan masa transisi dari PAUD ke SD yang memerlukan waktu untuk beradaptasi dengan lingkungan baru. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus observasi yaitu jenis penelitian yang menyelidiki fenomena dengan konteks nyata melalui pengamatan. Dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi merupakan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh peneliti. Keabsahan data dicapai melalui triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Analisis data meliputi; pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini mengenai peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar yaitu a) Manajemen Waktu Belajar. b) Menemani Belajar. c) Pemberian Reward. d) Hukuman. e) Antar Jemput Sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 511, "width": 216, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Peran Orang Tua, Motivasi Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 282, "top": 39, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 58, "width": 487, "height": 185, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aim of this research is to determine the role of parents in increasing the learning motivation of students in class I at SDN Sawojajar 01. Class I students are in the transition period from PAUD to elementary school who need time to adapt to the new environment. This research uses a qualitative observational case study approach, namely a type of research that investigates phenomena in real context through observation. Using observation, interviews and documentation are data collection methods used by researchers. Data validity is achieved through source triangulation and technical triangulation. Data analysis includes; data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of this research regarding the role of parents in increasing learning motivation, namely a) Study Time Management. b) Accompanying Learning. c) Giving Rewards. d) Punishment. e) School pick-up and drop-off.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 248, "width": 222, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Role of Parents, Learning Motivation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 289, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 310, "width": 475, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amanah yang diberikan kepada orang tua dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa berupa anak. Hal tersebut merupkan suatu tanggung jawab yang tidak mudah karena orang tua harus bisa memenuhi kebutuhan dasar mereka seperti makanan, minuman, rumah, dan pakaian. Selain itu, pendidikan menjadi tanggung jawab orang tua. Anak-anak secara alami berada di antara ibu dan ayahnya serta belajar tentang pendidikan dari mereka (Nurjanah & Purnomo, 2022). Allah SWT memberi orang tua anak yang bertanggung jawab untuk memanfaatkan potensi alamiah anak-anak. Dengan hal ini anak-anak akan tumbuh menjadi manusia yang baik dengan akhlakul karimah (Noviati, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 497, "width": 471, "height": 264, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayah dan ibu dalam sebuah keluarga berperan dalam membantu serta mendidik anak-anaknya. Selain itu, orang tua memberikan serta menanamkan dasar-dasar kedisiplinan sejak dini pada anak. Oleh karena itu, peran orang tua penting dalam keberhasilan pendidikan anak. Pertama kali seorang anak dilahirkan ke dunia orang tua merupakan orang yang mereka kenal. Orang tua bertanggung jawab untuk mengasuh, memelihara, mendidik, dan melindungi mereka. Selain itu, orang tua dituntut untuk bisa mendidik, mendorong, memfasilitasi serta membimbing anaknya ketika berada dirumah untuk keberhasilan anak mereka. Bapak dan ibu kita adalah orang tua kita. Orang tua memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan jasmani maupun rohani setiap anak. Adanya reaksi emosi serta pemikiran seorang anak merupakan pengaruh dari ajaran orang tua. Dapat disimpulkan jika orang tua berperan penting dalam proses perkembangan anak. Tanggung jawab orang tua terhadap anaknya yaitu; menafkahi, menjadi pendidik, mengasuh, serta merawat mereka dalam mewujudkan serta membahagiakan hidup mereka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 39, "width": 468, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "di masa depan. Pendidikan rumah tangga biasanya bergantung pada setiap kesadaran orang tua serta pemahaman yang diperoleh dari pengetahuan serta pengalaman yang diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 101, "width": 468, "height": 160, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Sari & Ain, 2023) pendidikan adalah proses yang membantu untuk anak bisa berkembang dalam setiap diri anak dan bisa menggali potensinya. Pada dasarnya pendidikan memberikan kebebasan dalam diri peserta didik untuk bisa berkembang serta mengembangkan bakat yang dimiliki. Tanggung jawab untuk menciptakan lingkungan sekolah yang mendukung pertumbuhan pribadi peserta didik merupakan tugas seorang guru. Akan tetapi, adanya peran orang tua merupakan bagian terpenting dalam perkembangan pribadi anak karena sebagian besar kehidupan peserta didik dihabiskan di rumah mereka (Toharudin & Rukyat, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 267, "width": 471, "height": 244, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Ernilah & Toharudin 2022) upaya sadar untuk mengubah tingkah laku manusia disebut dengan pendidikan. Tujuan utama pendidikan secara nasional yaitu untuk membuat manusia menjadi orang yang mempunyai iman serta bertaqwa kepada Tuhan, memilliki akhlak mulia, berjiwa sehat, mempunyai daya kreatif, serta memiliki sifat mandiri, dan bisa menjadi warga negara yang memiliki rasa demokratis yang tinggi sehingga bisa bertanggung jawab terhadap negaranya. Pendidikan dalam kehidupan tentu memi liki banyak hubungan. Proses mengumpulkan informasi dari guru dan siswa yang dikenal sebagai pendidikan. Pendidikan membantu anak berkembang sepenuhnya sesuai dengan potensinya. Pada dasarnya, pendidikan memberikan kebebasan kepada siswa untuk berkembang. Tanggung jawab guru adalah menciptakan lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan pribadi setiap peserta didik. Menjaga dan merawat agar memiliki tumbuh berkembang yang baik merupakan tanggung jawab orang tua (Wahid et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 516, "width": 472, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran terpenting orang tua dalam pendidikan adalah meningkatkan hasil belajar. Belajar adalah proses perkembangan hidup manusia di mana seseorang mengalami perubahan. Perubahan tersebut berupa tingkah laku sebagai upaya untuk mencapai suatu proses atau usaha (Aeni et al., 2023). Seorang ibu cenderung lebih menanamkan perasaan mencintai serta kasih sayang kepada setiap anak dengan berinteraksi secara langsung yang melibatkan sentuhan fisik. Berbeda dengan ibu, ayah lebih cenderung menanamkan sikap percaya diri serta kemampuan setiap anak melalui kegiatan permainan yang melibatkan interaksi secara langsung (Neni Wihandani, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 253, "top": 39, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 469, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Sawojajar 01 berlokasi di Jalan Pemuda Nomor 02 Desa / Kelurahan Sawojajar Kecamatan Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian berlangsung dimulai bulan Februari hingga Juli 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif jenis studi kasus observasi yang menyelidiki mengenai fenomena nyata melalui pengamatan. Dalam penelitian kualitatif data dikumpulkan melalui hasil wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Peneliti menggunakan pengumpulan data dan informasi terkait fakta yang ada dilapangan, (Ardiansyah et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 226, "width": 141, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 246, "width": 467, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dimulai pada tanggal 25 Mei-22 Juni 2024 di SDN Sawojajar 01. Data yang disajikan berasal dari hasil observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Narasumber atau informan yang terlibat yaitu peserta didik kelas I dan orang tuanya. Berikut merupakan hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh peneliti;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 458, "height": 431, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Peran Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas I SDN Sawojajar 01 diantaranya; a) Manajemen waktu belajar. Orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 sebisa mungkin mengatur waktu belajar dengan waktu bermain anaknya. Menurut para oranng tua SDN Sawojajar 01 setiap hari anaknya harus belajar meskipun hanya 1 jam yang penting ada waktu untuk belajar. b) Menemani Belajar. Selain mengatur waktu belajar peran orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 selanjutnya yaitu menemani belajar anak dirumah karena menurut para orang tua hal itu merupakan kewajiban orang tua dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anaknya. c) Pemberian Reward. Adanya pemberian reward atau hadiah bertujuan sebagai bentuk penyemangat anak supaya mau belajar. Hadiah yang diberikan tidak harus berupa barang yang mahal melainkan bisa berbentuk pujian kepada anak yang bisa membuat anak termotivasi untuk belajar (Mulyadi et al., 2021). Hadiah yang diberikan tidak harus berupa barang mahal. Namun bisa dengan memberikan pujian yang memotivasi dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri. d)Hukuman. Para orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 dalam memberikan hukuman bukanlah hukuman yang memberatkan atau bahkan menyakiti anaknya, melainkan hukuman ringan seperti tidak memberikan uang jajan dengan tujuan supaya anak menuruti perintah orang tua yaitu anak mau belajar. (Mulyadi et al., 2021) menyatakan bahwa hukuman dimaksudkan untuk membuat anak merasa takut dan menghindari melakukan kesalahan yang sama. Menurut para orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 hukuman yang diberikan diantaranya; menasehati dengan nada yang sedikit keras, tidak memberikan uang saku anak, dan tidak memenuhi permintaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 39, "width": 440, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ketika anak meminta sesuatu. e) Peran orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar yang terakhir adalah antar jemput sekolah. Menurut orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 orang tua tidak khawatir jika terjadi apa-apa dengan anaknya karena orang tua sendiri yang mengantar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 458, "height": 368, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kendala Orang Tua Dalam Memberikan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas I SDN Sawojajar 01 diantaranya; a) Kondisi Anak. Menurut salah satu orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 yaitu Ibu Maro’ah kondisi anak yang terkadang sulit diatur dalam proses belajar bukan menjadi alasan orang tua untuk tidak melakukan hal tersebut. Sebagai orang tua harus pintar dalam membujuk anak untuk selalu belajar. Selain itu menurut guru kelas I yaitu Ibu Sri Mulyani beberapa peserta didik kurang bersemangat dalam belajar raut wajah yang kurang ceria. Posisi duduk mereka juga terlihat malas, dengan kepala mereka menyandarkan di atas meja. Akan tetapi, karena peserta didik yang masih anak-anak memaklumi hal tersebut. b) Kesibukan orang tua. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian orang tua peserta didik sibuk bekerja sehingga lelah setelah bekerja seharian. c) Lingkungan Sekitar. Keinginan anak untuk belajar dapat dipengaruhi oleh situasi dan kondisi di lingkungan sekitar. Para orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 berpendapat bahwa lingkungan sekitar dapat mempengaruhi motivasi anak belajar salah satuya ibu Yuni mengakui bahwa mereka menghadapi tantangan dari luar karena anak-anak sering bermain ponsel bersama. Hasil penelitian (Hangesty Anurraga, 2018) pada siswa Home Schooling di sekolah Dolan menunjukkan bahwa ketika anak-anak melihat anak lain bermain, mereka biasanya ingin bermain sehingga mereka menjadi tidak fokus belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 458, "height": 264, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Faktor Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas I SDN Sawojajar 01 diantaranya; a) Pendidikan. Berdasarkan penelitian dan data yang diperoleh peneliti di SDN Sawojajar 01 menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pendidikan orang tua adalah lulus SMA/SMK sederajat bahkan ada beberapa orang tua yang sampai perguruan tinggi. Orang tua dengan pendidikan tinggi mempunyai motivasi belajar yang tinggi terhadap anak-anaknya karena menurut orang tua dengan belajar yang rajin menjadi kunci kesuksesan di masa depan. b) Profesi. Hasil penelitian di SDN Sawojajar 01 diperoleh bahwa profesi orang tua yang mayoritas masih bekerja di sekitar daerah tempat tinggalnya memudahkan orang tua untuk bisa mengontrol, mengawasi dan memberikan perhatian terhadap proses perkembangan belajar anak. Menurut (Thalib & Istiqamah, 2021) adanya perhatian orang tua yang diberikan kepada anak dalam kegiatan belajar, dapat meningkatkan semangat belajar sehingga diharapkan mendapatkan hasil belajar secara maksimal. c) Ekonomi. Berdasarkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 39, "width": 443, "height": 139, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penjelasan diatas terkait profesi orang tua peserta didik SDN Sawojajar 01 di kelas I yang rata-rata berkecukupan secara ekonomi bisa membantu dalam memberikan fasilitas belajar yang aman, nyaman dan memadai sehingga diharapkan peserta didik menjadi semangat dan rajin untuk belajar dirumah. Menurut (Toharudin, 2019) keluarga memiliki tanggung jawab, seperti menjalankan fungsi biologis, ekonomi, mendidik, dan melindungi. Dengan kasih sayang yang cukup dari kedua orang tua anak memiliki kesehatan emosional, sosial, dan spiritual yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 196, "width": 458, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Observasi, Wawancara dan Studi Dokumentasi dengan orang tua dan peserta didik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 408, "width": 343, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Pelaksanaan wawancara dengan orang tua Mysha Orlin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 628, "width": 337, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Pelaksanaan wawancara dengan anak Ibu Irma Yuliani", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 189, "top": 229, "width": 243, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Orang Tua Antar & Jemput Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 475, "width": 243, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Orang Tua Antar & Jemput Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 508, "width": 467, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti mendapatkan informasi langsung dari 6 peserta didik SDN Sawojajar 01 dan 6 orang tua peserta didik berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 562, "width": 388, "height": 180, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data Narasumber/Informan No Nama Peserta Didik Nama Orang Tua Jenis Kelamin L P 1 Naura Alifa Novalyn Nur Ayati 2 Khasanah Fahira Maulina Siti Fatimah 3 Mysha Orlin Irma Yuliani 4 Reva Putri Lina Sari 5 Ismiyatul Maro’ah 6 Ahmad Irsyadul Ibad Nur Ainun Fitriatun Maula S.Pd.I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 39, "width": 59, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 60, "width": 377, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis menarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 80, "width": 452, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Para orang tua di SDN Sawojajar 01 sangat berperan dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik di kelas I yang merupakan masa transisi dari PAUD ke SD yang masih membutuhkan adaptasi dengan lingkungan sekolah yang baru. Hal ini terlihat dari perlakuan orang tua kepada peserta didik disekolah maupun dirumah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 163, "width": 449, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh para orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar peserta didik di kelas I diantaranya Manajemen Waktu Belajar, Menemani Belajar, Pemberian Reward, Hukuman dan Antar Jemput Sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 449, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kendala yang dialami oleh orang tua SDN Sawojajar 01 pasti ada mengingat peserta didik kelas I merupakan masa yang senang dengan dunia bermain. Adapun kendala terkait hal tersebut diantaranya; kondisi anak, kesibukan orang tua dan lingkungan sekitar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 256, "top": 350, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 370, "width": 462, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aeni, R. I., Yasin, Y., & Setiyoko, D. T. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Dan Prestasi Belajar Terhadap Berpikir Siswa Kelas IV Pada Mata Pelajaran Ppkn SDN Cimohong 03.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 412, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Innovative: Journal Of Social 3, 3413 – 3420.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 432, "width": 458, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ardiansyah, Risnita, & Jailani, M. S. (2023). Teknik Pengumpulan Data Dan Instrumen Penelitian Ilmiah Pendidikan Pada Pendekatan Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Jurnal IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 1 – 9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 495, "width": 462, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ernilah Erni, Toharudin, Wahid.F.S, (2022). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga Dan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Kecerdasan Emosional Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah KONTEKSTUAL Volume 3, p.158-166", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 557, "width": 459, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hangesty Anurraga, H. (2018). Peran Orangtua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Usia 6-12 Tahun (Studi Kasus Pada Program Home Visit Di Homeschooling Sekolah Dolan Malang). Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, 7(3), 1 – 8.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 640, "width": 459, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyadi, M., Syahid, A., Kafrawi, K., Ilyas, M., & Liriwati, F. Y. (2021). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Di Tembilahan Kota Indragiri Hilir Riau. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 7(3), 1375.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 702, "width": 458, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurjanah, D., & Purnomo, H. (2022 ). Analisis peran orang tua dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar pada masa transisi. 8, 1 – 8.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 152, "top": 790, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Dea Sulistina, Didik Tri Setiyoko, Moh. Toharudin", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 459, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noviati, W., & Belajar, H. (2022). Peran Orang Tua dalam Mendampingi Anak Belajar Selama Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Kependidikan, 7(2), 19 – 27.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 80, "width": 459, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, L. P., & Ain, S. Q. (2023). Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendampingan Pembelajaran Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Imiah Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 7(1), 75 – 81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 121, "width": 458, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Toharudin, M., & Rukyat, A. (2020). Model Pendampingan Belajar Pada Anak Keluarga TKW Di SD Negeri Wanacala 02 Brebes. Jurnal Ilmiah KONTEKSTUAL, 2(01), 50 – 56.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 163, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Thalib, A., & Istiqamah, N. (2021). Pengaruh Peran Orang Tua Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Glasser, 5(2),83.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 204, "width": 459, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wihandani, N., & Toharudin (2019). Peran Orang Tua Asuh Dalam Mendampingi Anak Pada Keluarga TKW DI SDN Dukuh Payung 03 Brebes. Jurnal Ilmiah Ultras Vol. 3", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 246, "width": 459, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahid, F. S., Setiyoko, D. T., Riono, S. B., & Saputra, A. A. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga Dan Sekolah. Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(8), 555 – 564.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 620, "width": 292, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie) |21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 258, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "PENGARUH KECEPATAN ANGIN TERHADAP EVAPOTRANSPIRASI BERDASARKAN METODE PENMAN DI KEBUN STROBERI PURBALINGGA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 98, "top": 138, "width": 258, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 186, "width": 158, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Jamrud Aminuddin Prodi Fisika, UNSOED Purwokerto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 223, "width": 325, "height": 277, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya. Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil mengukur variabel suhu, kelembaban, dan radiasi surya pada titik pengukuran 07 o 13’42,5’’ LS dan 109 o 17’13,2’’ BT di ketinggian 1264 m dpl. Variabel yang akan dihitung dalam penelitian ini adalah evapotranspirasi. Dalam perhitungan evapotranspirasi memerlukan berbagai data dari pengukuran sebelumnya dan data dari klimatologi. Selain itu, nilai kecepatan angin juga diukur untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap produktivitas buah stroberi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan angin dan evapotranspirasi terhadap kualitas buah stroberi. Kecepatan angin diukur secara langsung dengan alat Anemometer dengan rentang waktu 1 jam selama 24 jam. Sedangkan nilai evapotranspirasi dihitung dengan metode Penman menggunakan data-data pendukung yang telah diukur dan diketahui pada penelitian sebelumnya. Selanjutnya, dimodelkan nilai kecepatan angin terhadap waktu serta nilai evapotranspirasi terhadap waktu sebelum dan setelah interpolasi menggunakan Matlab dalam bentuk kurva 2D. Interpolasi digunakan untuk menentukan data-data yang belum terukur diantara data terukur. Nilai kecepatan angin maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 6,9 m/s, sedangkan evapotranspirasi maksimum 12,3 mm/hari dan minimum 9,2 mm/hari. Kecepatan angin memegang peranan penting dalam proses evapotranspirasi. Laju evapotranspirasi sebanding dengan kecepatan angin. Semakin tinggi kecepatan angin maka semakin tinggi nilai evapotranspirasi. Nilai kecepatan angin dan evapotranspirasi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi rendahnya produktivitas buah stroberi di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 511, "width": 323, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kata kunci: kecepatan angin, evapotranspirasi, stroberi, metode Penman, interpolasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 547, "width": 325, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pendahuluan Beberapa sifat fisis lingkungan (suhu, kelembaban dan radiasi surya) pada lahan buah stroberi telah didiskusikan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Nilai-nilai yang diperoleh dinyatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 621, "width": 274, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 620, "width": 13, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "22|", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 323, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sesuai dengan syarat pertumbuhan buah stroberi.[1] Parameter sifat fisis lingkungan merupakan kumpulan besaran-besaran fisika yang menggambarkan kondisi iklim mikro.[2] Dalam penelitian ini akan dipaparkan nilai kecepatan angin dan evapotranspirasi sebagai salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas buah stroberi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 154, "width": 324, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kecepatan angin adalah cepat lambatnya angin bertiup pada suatu tempat. Angin merupakan besaran vektor yang mempunyai arah dan kecepatan.[2] Angin adalah gerak udara yang sejajar dengan permukaan bumi. Udara bergerak dari daerah bertekanan tinggi ke daerah bertekanan rendah. Angin terjadi disebabkan oleh adanya beda tekanan horizontal. Angin permukaan memiliki gaya gesek karena adanya kekasaran permukaan bumi. Gaya gesek menyebabkan kecepatan angin melemah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 266, "width": 324, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sirkulasi umum atmosfer adalah gerak rata-rata dari angin di permukaan bumi. Daerah sekitar equator yang tekanannya rendah, angin akan memusat dan naik, dan angin permukaan akan menjadi lemah atau berubah. Gaya gradien tekanan berarah dari tekanan tinggi subtropis menuju daerah konvergensi intertropis, angin dibelokkan oleh rotasi bumi sehingga angin membuat sudut pada waktu mendekati equator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 364, "width": 329, "height": 240, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pergantian udara jenuh dengan uap air dan udara yang lebih kering sangat bergantung pada kecepatan angin. Jika air menguap ke atmosfer maka lapisan atas antara permukaan tanah dan udara menjadi jenuh oleh penguapan air sehingga proses penguapan akan terhenti. Agar proses dapat berjalan terus, maka lapisan jenuh harus diganti dengan udara kering. Pergantian tersebut hanya mungkin jika ada angin yang menggeser uap air. Jadi kecepatan angin memegang peranan penting dalam proses evapotranspirasi. Laju evapotranspirasi sebanding dengan kecepatan angin. Pengukuran kecepatan angin dapat dilakukan dengan Anemometer.[3] Evapotranspirasi merupakan salah satu mata rantai dalam siklus hidrologi yang menggambarkan proses transfer air ke atmosfer. Evapotranspirasi terjadi dengan dua cara yaitu evapotranspirasi potensial dan aktual. Evapotranspirasi potensial terjadi pada saat kondisi air tanah cukup banyak sedangkan evapotranspirasi aktual terjadi pada saat kondisi air tanah tidak memadai.[4]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 620, "width": 292, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie) |23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 324, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Evapotranspirasi merupakan gabungan dari dua proses yaitu evaporasi dan transpirasi. Evaporasi adalah penguapan dari lautan, danau, massa air lainnya dan massa daratan, sedangkan transpirasi adalah penguapan air dari tumbuhan. Evapotranspirasi terjadi secara simultan dan dua proses ini sulit untuk dibedakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 140, "width": 326, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Perubahan evapotranspirasi sangat dipengaruhi oleh iklim regional sehingga memegang peranan penting dalam perhitungan ketersediaan air tanah.[5] Perhitungan nilai evapotranspirasi dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode. Salah satu metode yang dinilai ideal dalam estimasi evapotranspirasi spasial adalah Metode Penman.[6] Metode Penman merupakan metode yang direkomendasikan oleh Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Dunia (FAO) . Perhitungan nilai evapotranspirasi spasial dengan Metode Penman dinyatakan dalam bentuk:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 316, "width": 324, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dengan * ET , w , 1 n R , Rs , a d e e − , secara berurutan merupakan evapotranspirasi, faktor yang berhubungan dengan temperatur (T) dan elevasi daerah, radiasi bersih gelombang panjang (mm/hari), radiasi gelombang pendek dalam satuan evaporasi (mm/hari) dan perbedaan tekanan uap jenuh dengan sebenarnya (mbar).[7] Radiasi total dalam perhitungan Metode Penman selalu diperhitungkan dengan asumsi bahwa temperatur permukaan dan udara adalah sama. [8,9]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 434, "width": 320, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "● Fungsi dari kecepatan angin ( ) f u pada ketinggian 2 m dalam satuan (m /s ) Tekanan uap sebenarnya ( ) d e ( mbar )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 546, "width": 320, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dengan a e dan RH secara berurutan merupakan tekanan uap jenuh (mbar) dan kelembaban udara (%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 289, "width": 215, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 * (0,75 ) (1 ) ( ) ( ) n a d", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 290, "width": 220, "height": 254, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ET w Rs R w f u e e = − + − − ( ) 0,27(1 0,864 ) = + f u u d a e e RH = ×", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 621, "width": 274, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 620, "width": 13, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "24|", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 68, "top": 79, "width": 320, "height": 225, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "- Radiasi bersih gelombang panjang 1 n R (mm/hari ) dengan ) ( T f adalah fungsi suhu, ( ) d f e ialah fungsi tekanan uap dan n f N       ialah fungsi kecerahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 310, "width": 315, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "- Radiasi gelombang pendek dalam satuan evaporasi (mm/hari)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 369, "width": 323, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dengan n, N, Ra secara berurutan adalah lama penyinaran matahari (jam) dikonversi dari data lama penyinaran matahari ( S M), kemungkinan durasi rata-rata penyinaran matahari berdasarkan lintang-bujur koordinat yang diperoleh dari Hydrological Prosedur No.17 dan radiasi gelombang pendek yang memenuhi batas luar atmosfer yang dipengaruhi oleh letak lintang daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 473, "width": 327, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Metode Nilai kecepatan angin diukur dengan alat Anemometer setiap selang 1 jam selama 24 jam. Sedangkan nilai evapotranspirasi diperoleh melalui perhitungan dengan Metode Penman berdasarkan data-data pengukuran yang telah diperoleh pada penelitian sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 557, "width": 324, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tahap berikutnya ialah menggambar kurva dengan cara memasukkan range data dengan memperhatikan kecenderungan nilai x yaitu titik awal, titik akhir dan banyaknya titik hingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 113, "width": 127, "height": 251, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "( ) ( ) 1 n d n R f T f e f N   = × ×     ( ) 0,34 0, 44 d d f e e = − × 0,1 0,9 n n f N N   = +     0, 25 0,54 n Rs Ra N   = +    ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 620, "width": 292, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie) |25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 327, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "didapatkan gambar kurva sebelum interpolasi. Selanjutnya,", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 84, "width": 323, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "memprediksi kurva yang sesuai dan klasifikasi perkiraan orde dengan memperhatikan kurva titik data sehingga dapat menulis derajat interpolasi dan diperoleh kurva dalam bentuk 2D (dua dimensi) sebelum dan setelah interpolasi. Interpolasi ialah proses estimasi terhadap pasangan titik data.[10]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 172, "width": 322, "height": 87, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan Pengukuran terletak pada koordinat 07 o 13’42,5’’ LS dan 109 o 17’13,2’’ BT dengan ketinggian tempat 1264m dpl. Grafik kecepatan angin terhadap waktu serta evapotranspirasi terhadap waktu sebelum dan setelah interpolasi ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1 dan Gambar 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 439, "width": 313, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Gambar 1. Model kecepatan angin terhadap waktu sebelum dan setelah interpolasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 485, "width": 323, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Model kecepatan angin setelah interpolasi, sekitar pukul 00.00–01.30 WIB kecepatan angin meningkat, pukul 01.30-04.00 WIB menurun, pukul 04.00–06.00 WIB meningkat, pukul 06.00– 09.00 WIB menurun, pukul 09.00–12.00 WIB meningkat, pukul 12.00-18.00 WIB menurun, pukul 18.00-21.00 WIB meningkat, pukul 21.00-22.30 WIB menurun kembali dan meningkat kembali pukul 22.30–23.00 WIB. Nilai kecepatan angin sekitar 0-6,9 m/ s .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 583, "width": 23, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "[11]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 621, "width": 274, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 620, "width": 13, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26|", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 73, "top": 258, "width": 311, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Gambar 2 Model evapotranspirasi terhadap waktu sebelum dan setelah interpolasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 305, "width": 328, "height": 296, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Model evapotranspirasi setelah interpolasi, sekitar pukul 00.00–00.30 WIB evapotranspirasi meningkat, pukul 00.30-01.30 WIB menurun, pukul 01.30–03.00 WIB meningkat, pukul 03.00– 05.00 WIB menurun, pukul 05.00–07.30 WIB meningkat, pukul 07.30-11.00 WIB menurun, pukul 11.00-14.00 WIB meningkat, pukul 14.00-17.00 WIB menurun, pukul 17.00-19.30 WIB meningkat, pukul 19.30-21.00 WIB menurun, pukul 21.00-22.30 WIB meningkat dan mulai menurun kembali pukul 22.30–23.00 WIB. Nilai evapotranspirasi sekitar 9,2-12,3 mm/ hari . [11] Syarat pertumbuhan buah stroberi diantaranya ialah ketinggian tempat antara 1000–1500m dpl, suhu sekitar 17-28 o C , kelembaban antara 80–90 % dan radiasi surya sekitar 8–10 jam perhari.[12] Berdasarkan data pada penelitian sebelumnya nilai suhu sekitar 17,1-24,7 o C , kelembaban antara 40,2-90,5 % , radiasi surya ± 11 jam yang terjadi sekitar pukul 06.00-17.00 WIB yaitu 0-38x10 3 lx . Nilai-nilai tersebut cukup memenuhi syarat pertumbuhan stroberi. Adanya nilai kelembaban minimum yang rendah atau kurang dari 80 % berarti memiliki kandungan uap air yang rendah. Kandungan uap air yang rendah dapat menekan evapotranspirasi seminimal mungkin agar terjadi fotosintesis seoptimum mungkin. Nilai kecepatan angin yang cukup tinggi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 620, "width": 292, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie) |27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 324, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "di titik pengukuran ini dapat disebabkan karena daerah tersebut banyak pepohonan. Kecepatan angin dapat mempengaruhi suhu dan kelembaban tanah menjadi kering. Nilai evapotranspirasi juga mempengaruhi produktivitas hasil tanam. Adanya sungai dan pepohonan membantu menjaga keseimbangan lingkungan sehingga beberapa faktor tersebut mendukung buah stroberi berada pada kualitas kelas A.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 168, "width": 322, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi yang didukung data-data dari ketinggian tempat, suhu, kelembaban, radiasi surya, kecepatan angin dan klimatologi menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut sangat mempengaruhi kondisi lingkungan sehingga berpengaruh pada tinggi rendahnya kualitas buah stroberi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 256, "width": 327, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kesimpulan Pada koordinat 07 o 13’41,7’’ LS dan 109 o 16’46,8’’ BT dengan ketinggian 1264 m dpl, kebun stroberi Purbalingga Jawa Tengah memiliki nilai kecepatan angin maksimum 6,9 m /s , serta evapotranspirasi maksimum 12,3 mm/hari dan minimum 9,2 mm/hari. Kecepatan angin memegang peranan penting dalam proses evapotranspirasi. Laju evapotranspirasi sebanding dengan kecepatan angin. Semakin tinggi kecepatan angin maka semakin tinggi nilai evapotranspirasi Nilai kecepatan angin dan evapotranspirasi berpengaruh terhadap tinggi rendahnya produktivitas buah stroberi di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 425, "width": 105, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Daftar Kepustakaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 439, "width": 322, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati, Jamrud Aminuddin, dan Rosi Widarawati, Analisis Pengaruh Sifat Fisis Lingkungan terhadap Kualitas Buah Stroberi ( Fragaria chiloensis ), Journal of Islamic Science and Technology, Vol. 1, No. 2, (2015), hlm.139-148.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 498, "width": 262, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tjasyono, B, Klimatologi Umum . Bandung: ITB,1999.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 516, "width": 322, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Laboratorium Agroklimatologi Jurusan Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Panduan Praktikum Klimatologi Dasar , Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 101, "top": 558, "width": 27, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2001.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 575, "width": 328, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Usman, Analisis Beberapa Kepekaan Metode Pendugaan Evapotranspirasi Potensial Terhadap Perubahan Iklim ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 22, "width": 318, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nurhayati & J. Aminuddin : Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Terhadap Evapotranspirasi Berdasarkan Metode Penman Di Kebun Stroberi Purbalingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 621, "width": 274, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol. 2, No.1, Juni 2016 (www.jurnal.ar-raniry.com/index.php/elkawnie)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 620, "width": 13, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28|", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 327, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Jurnal Natur Indonesia. Vol. 6, No. 2, h: 91-98, 2004. Handoko, Kapita Selekta Agroklimatologi , Jakarta: Dirjen-Dikti, Depdikbud. 1991. Mujiharjo, S, Perbandingan Keeratan dan Bentuk Hubungan Evapotranspirasi Spasial (ETp) Harian dengan ETp bulanan , Jurnal ilmu-ilmu Pertanian Indonesia, Vol. 4, No1,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 161, "width": 73, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "h: 42-48, 2002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 178, "width": 325, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hydrological Prosedur No. 17, Estimating Evapotranspiration Potensial Using the Penman Procedure (Resived and Updated): Jabatan Pengaliran dan Saliran Kementerian Pertanian Malaysia, 1991.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 238, "width": 326, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Lindfield, G. P, Numerical Methodes Using MATLAB , Ellis Horwood Limited, Department of Mechanical Enginering.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 101, "top": 266, "width": 169, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "New York: Aston University, 1995.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 283, "width": 324, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sauer T, Lagrange Interpolation Subgrids of Tensor Product Grids , Mathematics of Computation Journal Vol.73. N. 245. pp:181-190. 2003.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 329, "width": 326, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Aminuddin, J. Dasar-dasar Fisika Komputasi Menggunakan MATLAB . 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[ { "left": 371, "top": 39, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/jsm", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 88, "width": 452, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konseling Alat Kontrasepsi Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil Trimester III di UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 440, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Counseling Contraceptive Devices on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 182, "width": 96, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herlinadiyaningsih 1*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 200, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Greiny Arisani 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 217, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seri Wahyuni 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 255, "width": 132, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*1 Prodi Sarjana Terapan Kebidanan, Jurusan Kebidanan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 303, "width": 121, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,3 Prodi DIII Kebidanan, Jurusan Kebidanan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 367, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*email:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 378, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 250, "top": 182, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 201, "width": 471, "height": 263, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keluarga Berencana adalah usaha mengatur jumlah dan jarak anak yang diinginkan. Berdasarkan proporsi waktu pelayanan KB pasca persalinan di Indonesia 67,5 % ibu nifas baru menggunakan alat kontrasepsi diatas 42 hari setelah persalinan 20% setelah pulang dari fasilitas kesehatan sampai dengan 42 hari setelah persalinan, 7,3% bersamaan dengan proses persalinan dan sebanyak 5,2% setelah persalinan selesai tetapi belum pulang dari fasilitas kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan pre-eksperimen . Sampel penelitian ibu hamil trimester III (usia kehamilan 28-42 minggu) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalampangan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 33 responden. Karakteristik responden mayoritas tingkat pengetahuan kurang (57,5%), sikap baik (54,5%), umur 20-35 tahun (78,8%), berpendidikan menengah (42,4%) dan tinggi (42,4%), tidak bekerja (72,7%), multigravida (66,7%) dan melahirkan di fasilitas Kesehatan (78,8%). Rerata tingkat efektivitas sebelum konseling adalah 56,3 dan sesudah konseling adalah 79,7 kemudian rerata sikap sebelum konseling adalah 21,3 dan sesudah konseling 24,0. Hasil analisis disimpulkan ada efektivitas konseling KB terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ( p-value 0,000) dan sikap (p-value 0,000) ibu hamil trimester III di UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya. Perlu adanya kesiapan petugas Kesehatan khususnya bidan dalam pemberian konseling KB pada ibu hamil dan adanya peningkatan kemampuan/kompetensi petugas dalam melakukan konseling. Kata Kunci: Konseling Alat Konstrasepsi Tingkat Pengetahuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 464, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sikap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 496, "width": 112, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Counseling Contraceptive Device Level of Knowledge Attitude", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 250, "top": 432, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 452, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Family planning is an effort to regulate the desired number and spacing of children.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 462, "width": 290, "height": 198, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the proportion of postpartum family planning services in Indonesia, 67.5% of new postpartum women use contraception more than 42 days after delivery, 20% after returning from health facilities up to 42 days after delivery, 7.3% concurrent with the delivery process and as many as 5.2 % after delivery is complete but have not returned from the health facility. This study used a pre-experimental. The research sample for third trimester pregnant women (gestational age 28-42 weeks) in the Work Area of the Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya who met the inclusion criteria was 33 respondents. Characteristics of the majority of respondents lack of knowledge (57,5%), good attitude (54,5%), aged 20-35 years (78,8%), middle education (42,4%) and high school (42,4%), not working (72,7%), multigravida (66,7%) and giving birth in a health facility (78,8%). The average level of effectiveness before counseling was 56,3 and after counseling was 79,7 then the mean attitude before counseling was 21.3 and after counseling was 24.0 . The results of the analysis concluded that there was effectiveness of family planning counseling on the level of knowledge (p-value 0.000) and attitude (p-value 0.000) of third trimester pregnant women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan, Palangka Raya City. There needs to be readiness of health workers, especially midwives in providing family planning counseling to pregnant women and an increase in the ability/competence of officers in conducting counseling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 678, "width": 380, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "© 2023 The Authors. Published by Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. This is Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- sa/4.0/). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v9i2.5676", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Herlinadiyaningsih, 2 nd Greiny Arisani, 3 rd Seri Wahyuni. 2023. Counseling Contraceptive Devices on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya City", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 69, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 95, "width": 226, "height": 325, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keluarga Berencana adalah usaha mengatur jumlah dan jarak anak yang diinginkan. Agar dapat mencapai hal tersebut maka dibuatlah beberapa cara atau alternative untuk mencegah atau pun menunda kehamilan. Keluarga Berencana Pasca Persalinan( postpartum ) adalah pelayanan KB yang diberikan kepada pasien pasca persalinan sampai kurun waktu 42 hari setelah persalinan (Khotimah dan Baroya, 2017). Proporsi Penggunaan alat kontrasepsi setelah persalinan pada perempuan umur 10-54 tahun di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas 2018 adalah sebanyak78,5% dengan jenis kontrasepsi yang terbanyak digunakan adalah suntikan 3 bulan(43,9%), pil (10,8%), IUD/ AKDR (6,6%), suntikan 1 bulan (7,9%), susuk KB (4,7%), sterilisasi Wanita (3,3%), kondom pria (1,1%), sterilisasi pria (0,2%) sedangkan yang tidak mendapat pelayanan sebanyak 21,5% wanita usia subur yang tidak menggunakan alat kontrasepsi pasca persalinan (Kemenkes, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 426, "width": 226, "height": 307, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan proporsi waktu pelayanan KB pasca persalinan di Indonesia 67,5 % ibu nifas baru menggunakan alat kontrasepsi diatas 42 hari setelah persalinan 20% setelah pulang dari fasilitas kesehatan sampai dengan 42 hari setelah persalinan 7,3% bersamaan dengan proses persalinan dan sebanyak 5,2% setelah persalinan selesai tetapi belum pulang dari fasilitas kesehatan (Kemenkes, 2019). Di Kalimantan Tengah berdasarkan hasil Riskesdas2018 capaian KB pasca persalinan adalah sebesar 84,6% dengan proporsi waktu pelayanan KB pasca persalinan sebagai berikut; bersamaan dengan Proses persalinan 3,6%, setelah persalinan selesai difasyankes 6,1%, ≤42 hari setelah persalinan 18% dan >42 hari setelah persalinan 56,9% (Kemenkes, 2019). Pada tahun 2019 jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan sebanyak 26.947 orang (46.7%) (Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 739, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu kabupaten kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah,pada tahun 2018 jumlah peserta KB pasca", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 360, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "persalinan adalah sebanyak2.852 orang (47,80%), pada tahun 2019 jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan meningkat menjadi sebanyak 6.804 orang (118,5%) dan pada tahun 2020 jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan menurun menjadi sebanyak 5.083 orang (93,08%) (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palangka Raya, 2021). Penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa konseling KB dapat meningkatkan penggunaan kontrasepsi pada periode postpartum. Konseling KB pada periode antenatal juga telah di implementasikan di Indonesia, berupa peningkatan akses pelayanan kesehatan standar ANC berkualitas dengan pemberian konseling selama kehamilan termasuk KB pasca persalinan, berdasarkan data sebanyak 84,5% ibu hamil mendapat konseling selama pemeriksaan ANC (UNFPA, 2020). Sitorus (2018) dalam penelitiannya mengatakan bahwa ada pengaruh dilakukannya konseling tentang KB pada ibu hamil terhadap pengetahuan dan minat ibu dalam menggunakan kontrasepsi setelah persalinan untuk menjarangkan kehamilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 435, "width": 226, "height": 325, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persentase kepesertaan KB menurut Abbas etall (2017) meningkat sesuai dengan peningkatan umur ibu bersalin.Semakin tuausia ibu bersalin semakin banyak yang mengikuti KB pasca persalinan, selain itu menurut Abbas (2017) faktor pendidikan, penghasilan, paritas dan riwayat konseling berhubungan signifikan dengan kepesertaan KB pasca persalinan, sedangkan menurut Khotimah dan Baroya (2017) pada ibu yang diberikan konseling mengenai KB pasca persalinan tingkat pengetahuannya lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok yang tidak diberi konseling. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap nilai pre dan pos t test pengetahuan pada kelompok yang diberi konseling KB (Khotimah dan Baroya, 2017). Upaya untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, merubah sikap dan perilaku ibu hamil tentang KB pasca salin dapat dilakukan melalui konseling KB. Selain faktor konseling, keputusan untuk menggunakan atau tidak menggunakan metode kontrasepsii post partum dipengaruhi oleh variabel sosio ekonomi dan demografi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 28, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), Vol 9 No 2, Agustus 2023, Page 126 – 133", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 413, "top": 28, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-7266; e-ISSN: 2655-2051", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seperti umur, pendidikan, tingkat ekonomi, durasi menikah, paritas dan tempat kelahiran (Khotimah dan Baroya, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 122, "width": 226, "height": 447, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Laporan Tahunan Puskesmas Kalampangan yang merupakan salah satu puskesmas yang ada diwilayah Kecamatan Sebangau Kota Palangkaraya, dengan jumlah PUSyang ada pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 217 orang, KB aktif yang mendapat pelayanan173 orang dan dari jumlah ibu bersalin yang dilayani pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 102 orang, jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan yang mendapat pelayanan diwilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalampangan sebanyak 90 orang(91,8%). Pada tahun 2020 jumlah PUS adalah 220 pasangan, jumlah peserta KB aktif yang mendapat pelayanan sebanyak 160 orang, jumlah ibu bersalin yang dilayani sebanyak 98 orang, jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan sebanyak 70 orang (68,6%) dan pada tahun 2021 adalah 230 pasangan, jumlah peserta KB aktif yang mendapat pelayanan sebanyak 170 orang dan dari jumlah ibu bersalin yang dilayani pada tahun 2021 sebanyak 96 orang, jumlah peserta KB pasca persalinan yang mendapat pelayanan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalampangan sebanyak 40 orang (38,4%), angka tersebut menurun jika dibandingkan dengan capaian pada tahun 2019 dan 2020 (Puskesmas Kalampangan, 2022). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Konseling KB Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III terhadap Keikutsertaan KB Pasca Persalinan diWilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan KotaPalangka Raya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 592, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 617, "width": 226, "height": 151, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakanya itu penelitian pre- eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest-posttest design . Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemberian pretest sebelum dilakukan KIE menggunakan kuesioner. Kemudian peneliti memberikan konseling KB dan selanjutnya penelitian memberikan post-test. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya dan waktu penelitian pengambilan data dilakukan bulan Maret 2022 sampai dengan April 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil trimester III (usia kehamilan28-42 minggu) diwilayah kerja wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya dengan jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi sebanyak 33 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 157, "width": 226, "height": 134, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Data yang sudah dikumpulkan kemudian dilakukan pengolahan dan analisa data menggunakan uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test untuk tingkat pengetahuan dan Paired Sampel T-Test untuk sikap ibu yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas data menggunakan uji statistik Kolmogorov- Smirnov.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 313, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 339, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Responden Ibu Hamil Trimester III di UPT Puskesmas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 373, "width": 214, "height": 307, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya Variabel n Frekuensi Persentase (%) Umur < 20 tahun 33 4 12,1 20-35 tahun 26 78,8 > 35 tahun 3 9,1 Pendidikan Ibu Tidak Lulus Pendidikan Dasar 33 2 6,1 Pendidikan Dasar 3 9,1 Pendidikan Menengah 14 42,4 Pendidikan Tinggi 14 42,4 Status Pekerjaan Tidak Bekerja 33 24 72,7 Bekerja 9 27,3 Paritas Primigravida 33 11 33,3 Multigravida 22 66,7 Tempat Persalinan Tidak di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan 33 7 21,2 Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan 26 78,8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 698, "width": 226, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel tersebut diketahui bahwa mayoritas tingkat umur 20-35tahun (78,8%), berpendidikan menengah (42,4%) dan tinggi (42,4%), tidak bekerja (72,7%), paritas multigravida (66,7%) dan melahirkan di fasilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Herlinadiyaningsih, 2 nd Greiny Arisani, 3 rd Seri Wahyuni. 2023. Counseling Contraceptive Devices on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya City", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 308, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesehatan(78,8%). Semakin cukup umur, tingkat kematangan dan kekuatan seseorang akan lebih matang dalam dalam berfikir dan bekerja (Wawan & Dewi, 2013). Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Sitorus (2018) yang dalam penelitiannya mengemukakan bahwa 92,5% responden dalam penelitiannya adalah ibu usia 20-35 tahun. Umur yang baik dan tidak berisiko dalam kehamilan, melahirkan dan Keluarga Berencana adalah umur 20-35 tahun, hal ini dikarenakan umur tersebut adalah saat yang baik untuk merencanakan kehamilan dan melahirkan sehingga diperlukan nantinya kontrasepsi dalam menjarangkan kehamilan. Umur kurang dari 20 tahun adalah waktu yang kurang tepat untuk kehamilan dan melahirkan karena orang reproduksi belum siap untuk melakukan konsepsi. Penelitian Jalang’o, et all .,(2017), secara statistik menemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara usia dengan kepesertaan KB pasca salin ( p-value= 0,02).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 383, "width": 226, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wanita kelompok umur 20-34 tahun lebih mungkin untuk menggunakan KB pasca salin segera setelah persalinan, sedangkan kelompok umur>35tahun berasumsi bahwa mereka tidak subur dan karena itu tidak memiliki kebutuhan akan kontrasepsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 470, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan secara umum adalah segala upaya yang direncanakan untuk mempengaruhi orang lain baik individu, kelompok masyarakat sehingga mereka melakukan apa yang diharapkan oleh pelaku pendidikan (Notoatmodjo,2018). Abbas (2017) dalam penelitiannya mengatakan bahwa ada pengaruh antara pendidikan dengan kepesertaan KB pasca salin ( p-value= 0,011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 592, "width": 226, "height": 168, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian Abbas (2017) serupa dengan hasil penelitian ini dimana kepesertaan KB pascasalin persentasenya lebih tinggi pada ibu yang berpendidikan tinggi dibandingkan dengan yang berpendidikan rendah dengan tingkat pendidikan yang semakin tinggi, seorang ibu tentu akan semakin rasional dalam mengambil keputusan termasuk dalam memilih dan menggunakan kontrasepsi. Menurut Akinlo (2018) secara statistik wanita yang berpendidikan tinggi mempunyai kemungkinan 4 kali lebih besar (OR 4,58) untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menggunakan alat kontrasepsi pasca salin jika dibandingkan dengan wanita yang berpendidikan rendah. Secara statistik pendidikan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi pasca persalinan ( p <0,001), sedangkan menurut Eliaso (2018), Wanita dengan pendidikan formal yang lebih tinggi juga meningkatkan kemungkinan penggunaan kontrasepsi postpartum dibandingkan dengan wanita tanpa pendidikan formal. Wanita dengan tingkat Pendidikan yang lebih tinggi lebih mungkin untuk mengikuti/ mengadopsi metode perencanaan keluarga dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi pasca salin dengan kemampuannya untuk menambah pengetahuan sesuai pendidikannya (Jalang’o, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 313, "width": 226, "height": 395, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pekerjaan merupakan aktivitas atau kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh ibu sehari hari dan dapat menghasilkan secara finansial atau keuangan. Pekerjaan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan dan status sosial ekonomi keluarga (Notoatmodjo, 2018). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Eliason (2018) menemukan bahwa pekerjaan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi pasca persalinan ( p <0,001). Menurut Jalang’o (2017) ada hubungan positif antara pekerjaan dengan kepesertaan KB pasca salin ( p-value= 0,01). Secara ekonomi wanita yang bekerja dapat mengakses fasilitas kesehatan dan mampu membayar biaya kontrasepsi lebih mudah dari pada wanita yang tidak memiliki sumber penghasilan. Paritas adalah jumlah atau banyaknya anak yang telah dilahirkan oleh ibu tanpa memandang apakah anak lahir hidup atau mati dan umur kehamilannya mencapai 28 minggu atau berat badan1000 gram. Kepesertaan KB pasca salin1,5 kali lebih tinggi pada ibu yang mempunyai paritas>2 dibandingkan yang mempunyai paritas1-2. Hal tersebut dikemukakan Abbas (2017) paritas berpengaruh positif terhadap kepesertaan KB pasca persalinan ( p-value 0,004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 714, "width": 226, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paritas terkait langsung dengan tujuan ibu ber-KB, apakah untuk menunda kehamilan, mengatur jarak kehamilan atau berhenti untuk hamil lagi. Pada ibu yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 28, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), Vol 9 No 2, Agustus 2023, Page 126 – 133", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 413, "top": 28, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-7266; e-ISSN: 2655-2051", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "130", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 464, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "telah memiliki lebih dari dua orang anak, kebutuhan akan KB sudah pasti akan lebih besar dibanding bila belum ada anak atau baru punya anak 1-2. Menurut Akinlo (2018) banyak wanita dimasa nifas yang tidak mulai menggunakan kontrasepsi sampai kembalinya haid, tetapi mereka menjadi subur sebelum menstruasi kembali sehingga berisiko mengalami kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, jika aktivitas seksual telah dilanjutkan. Secara global lebih dari 90 persen wanita selama tahun pertama pasca persalinan ingin menunda atau menghindari kehamilan sehingga penerapan KB pasca salinpenting dilakukan. Fasilitas Kesehatan Fasilitas kesehatan meliputi Rumah Sakit, Rumah Bersalin/ Klinik/ Praktik Bidan, Puskesmas/ Puskesmas Pembantu, Pondok Bersalin Desa dan Pos Kesehatan Desa (Kemenkes, 2019). Akinlo (2018) dalam penelitiannya menemukan bahwa secara statistik persalinan yang dilakukan di Fasilitas Kesehatan adalah prediktor penggunaan kontrasepsi modern pasca salin ( p- value= 0,01). Wanita yang melahirkan difasilitas kesehatan cenderung menggunakan kontrasepsi segera setelah melahirkan karena mendapatkan konseling KB pasca salin selama masa perawatan sehingga konseling yang diberikan saat pelayanan antenatal care penting dilakukan Kontrasepsi pasca persalinan penting untuk mencegah kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan dan jarak kehamilan yang terlalu dekat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 540, "width": 225, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel II. Rerata Tingkat Pengetahuan Sebelum dan Sesudah Konseling KB pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Wilayah Kerja UPT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 592, "width": 220, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya Tingkat Pengetahuan n Mean SD p-value Pretest 33 56,3 13,8 0,000 Posttest 33 79,7 10,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 689, "width": 226, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rerata tingkat pengetahuan sebelum konseling adalah 56,3 dan sesudah konseling adalah 79,7. Hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test diperoleh p-value 0,000<0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rata-rata antara tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah konseling sehingga ada efektifitas konseling KB terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu. Konseling KB dilakukan untuk klien yang membutuhkan pertolongan atau bantuan dalam memilih cara-cara atau alat/obat kontrasepsi misalnya karena belum tahu, pengetahuannya masih kurang atau bisa karena pengetahuannya kurang tepat atau keliru terhadap penggunaan alat kontrasepsi (Gobel, 2019). Sugiyarningsih (2021) dalam penelitiannya menyatakan bahwa Ibu dengan pengetahuan yang baik tentang KB pasca salin umumnya sudah pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi pasca salin dari penyuluhan baik diposyandu maupun dikelas ibu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 313, "width": 226, "height": 326, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Informasi merupakan satu bagian dari pelayanan yang msangat berpengaruh bagi calon akseptor maupun akseptor pengguna mengetahui apakah kontrasepsi yang dipilih telah sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan dan sesuai dengan tujuan akseptor dalam memakai kontrasepsi tersebut. Informasi sangat menentukan pemilihan kontrasepsi yang dipilih, sehingga informasi yang lengkap mengenai kontrasepsi sangat diperlukan guna memutuskan pilihan metode kontrasepsi yang akan dicapai (Wardani, 2019). Pemahaman yang kurang tepat mengenai kontrasepsi pasca salin dapat berdampak pada tidak tercapainya program keluarga berencana. Sugiyarningsih (2021) dalam penelitiannya mengatakan bahwa ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan kepesertaan KB pasca salin. Ibu dengan pengetahuan yang baik tentang KB pasca salin umumnya sudah pernah mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang kontrasepsi pasca salin dari penyuluhan baik diposyandu maupun dikelas ibu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 644, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel III. Rerata Sikap Sebelum dan Sesudah Konseling KB pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 696, "width": 212, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya Sikap n Mean SD p-value Pretest 33 21,3 5,4 0,000 Posttest 33 24,0 6,3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Herlinadiyaningsih, 2 nd Greiny Arisani, 3 rd Seri Wahyuni. 2023. Counseling Contraceptive Devices on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya City", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 308, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rerata sikap ibu sebelum konseling adalah 21,3 dan sesudah konseling adalah 24,0. Hasil uji statistik Paired Sampel T-Test diperoleh p-value 0,000<0,05, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara sikap ibu sebelum dan sesudah konseling sehingga ada efektifitas konseling KB terhadap sikap ibu. Sikap atau kesadaran adalah dorongan yang timbul dalam diri seseorang dan membuat individu melakukan sesuatu. Perilaku seseorang ditentukan oleh sikap yang terkait dengan apa yang orang-orang ingin lakukan serta terdiri dari keyakinan tentang konsekuensi dari melakukan perilaku, aturan-aturan sosial yang terkait dengan apa yang mereka pikirkan akan mereka dan kebiasaan yang terkait dengan apa yang mereka biasa lakukan. Sikap yang baik/mendukung yang artinya sikap yang menunjukkan atau memperlihatkan, menerima, mengakui, menyetujui serta melaksanakan norma- norma yang berlaku (Sugiyono, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 383, "width": 226, "height": 360, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pelayanan KB pasca salin klien dan pasangan harus mendapat informasi secara lengkap dan jelas agar dapat menentukan pilihan alat kontrasepsi yang tepat. Menurut Wardani (2019) konseling berpengaruh terhadap sikap ibu menjadi akseptor IUD post plasenta. Informasi merupakan satu bagian dari pelayanan yang sangat berpengaruh bagi calon akseptor maupun akseptor pengguna mengetahui apakah kontrasepsi yang dipilih telah sesuai dengan kondisi kesehatan dan sesuai dengan tujuan akseptor dalam memakai kontrasepsi tersebut. Informasi sangat menentukan pemilihan kontrasepsi yang dipilih, sehingga informasi yang lengkap mengenai kontrasepsi sangat diperlukan guna memutuskan pilihan metode kontrasepsi yang akan dicapai. Keberhasilan konseling sangat terkait dengan sikap/perilaku konselor dalam memberikan informasi seperti memiliki rasa empati, kehangatan, penghargaan positif (respek), pengendalian kecemasan dan pola komunikasi. Pembentukan atau perubahan sikap orang dewasa terjadi melalui terpaparnya cara baru untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan melalui tindakan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dilakukan oleh kawan, rekan, kerja, orang tua, atau saudara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 105, "width": 226, "height": 342, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian Halimahtussadiah (2021) diketahui bahwa ada hubungan antara sikap dengan pemilihan kontrasepsi yang digunakan pasca salin. Sikap seseorang dalam hal masalah kesehatan merupakan proses penilaian orang pada hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pemeliharaan kesehatanya itu bagaimana penilaian seseorang terhadap cara-cara memelihara dan berperilaku hidup sehat, sikap terhadap sakit dan penyakit serta sikap terhadap kesehatan lingkunganya itu penilaian seseorang pada pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kesehatannya. Penerapan KB pasca persalinan sangat penting karena kembalinya kesuburan pada ibu setelah melahirkan tidak dapat diketahui secara pasti dan dapat terjadi sebelum datangnya siklus haid bahkan pada wanita menyusui. KB pasca salin merupakan suatu upaya untuk mencegah kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan(KTD) atau unwanted pregnancy . Kontrasepsi sebaiknya sudah digunakan sebelum kembali beraktivitas seksual, sehingga penting untuk menggunakan kontrasepsi seawal mungkin setelah persalinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 470, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 495, "width": 229, "height": 256, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rerata tingkat pengetahuan sebelum konseling adalah 56,3 dan sesudah konseling adalah 79,7. Hasil analisis statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara tingkat pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah konseling sehingga ada efektifitas konseling KB terhadap tingkat pengetahuan ibu. Kemudian Rerata sikap ibu sebelum konseling adalah 21,3 dan sesudah konseling adalah 24,0. Hasil analisis statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata antara sikap ibu sebelum dan sesudah konseling sehingga ada efektifitas konseling KB terhadap sikap ibu. Rekomendasi berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini adalah perluadanya kesiapan petugas kesehatan khususnya bidan dalam pemberian konseling KB pada ibu hamil (pelayanan antenatal care ) dan perlu adanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 28, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), Vol 9 No 2, Agustus 2023, Page 126 – 133", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 413, "top": 28, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-7266; e-ISSN: 2655-2051", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "132", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peningkatan kemampuan/ kompetensi petugas dalam melakukan konseling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 122, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 147, "width": 226, "height": 186, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terimakasih kepala Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palangka Raya yang telah memberikan ijin pelaksanaan kegiatan Penelitian di UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya kemudian Kepala UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya yang telah memberikan ijin dan menfasilitasi pelaksanaan kegiatan Penelitian di UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Kota Palangka Raya. Ucapan terimakasih kepada seluruh responden ibu hamil trimester III yang telah bersedia menjadi responden/partisipan dalam kegiatan penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 362, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 387, "width": 226, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abbas, M., Hadijono, S., Emilia, O., & Hartono, E. (2017). Pengaruh konseling saat persalinan terhadap kepesertaan keluarga berencana pasca salin di kabupaten kolaka. Jurnal Kesehatan Reproduksi , 4 (2), 127-134.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akinlo, A., Bisiriyu, A., & Esimai, O. (2018). 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Determinants of contraceptive use among postpartum women in a county hospital in rural KENYA. BMC public health ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 258, "width": 43, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 (1), 1-8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 282, "width": 225, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemenkes, RI. (2019). Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/ dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas- 2018_1274.pdf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 341, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemenkes, RI. (2016). Modul Bahan Ajar Media Cetak :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 353, "width": 176, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesehatan Reproduksi dan Keluarga Berencana. 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Pengaruh Konseling KB Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III terhadap Keikutsertaan KB Pasca Persalinan di Kecamatan Sukowono Kabupaten Jember (The Effects of Family Planning's Counseling Among Third", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 565, "width": 177, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trimester Pregnancy Women to", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 365, "top": 577, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participation of Postpartum Family P.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 588, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pustaka Kesehatan , 4 (2), 316-322.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 613, "width": 226, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lestari, S. I. (2019). Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Intensi Pemakaian Alat Kontrasepsi Pasca Melahirkan Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 365, "top": 659, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Airlangga).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 683, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Notoadmodjo, S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 695, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesehatan . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 719, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Situmorang, T. R. R., Nababan, D., Sipayung, R., Silitonga, E. M., & Brahmana, N. E. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan Ibu Bersalin dalam memilih Tempat Bersalin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 27, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 st Herlinadiyaningsih, 2 nd Greiny Arisani, 3 rd Seri Wahyuni. 2023. Counseling Contraceptive Devices on the Level of Knowledge and Attitude of Third Trimester Pregnant Women at UPT Puskesmas Kalampangan Palangka Raya City", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 525, "top": 802, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "133", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 70, "width": 176, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Hutagalung Kabupaten Humbang Hasudutan Ttahun 2021. 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[ { "left": 501, "top": 761, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 763, "width": 280, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "©2017 Kandai, ISSN 2527-5968 (online), 1907-204X (print) http://ojs.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/jurnal/index.php/kandai This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 74, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KANDAI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 143, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KEKOHESIFAN TEKS PUISI TAUFIK ISMAIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 157, "width": 232, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(The Cohesiveness of Taufik Ismail’s Poems)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 184, "width": 250, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori Balai Bahasa Kalimantan Tengah Jalan Tingang Km 3,5, Palangkaraya, Indonesia Pos-el: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 239, "width": 339, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Diterima 29 Maret 2017; Direvisi 3 Mei 2017; Disetujui 3 Mei 2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 275, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 287, "width": 372, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Many researchers have discussed cohesion. However, they do not relate the cohesion with reader's understanding. This paper aims to identify the types of cohesion markers, semantic behaviors, and functions as an integrator of poetry. Poetry is chosen as the object of study because poetry requires density of language. Assuming that language density has given greater role of cohesion markers in poetry. The data are Taufik Ismail’s poems. The selection of the data is based on assumption that Taufik Ismail poetry can represent poetry genre in general. Analysis result shows that there are cohesion marker types used in poetry which are different from types of cohesion in other discourse. The differences lie in dominance of relation conjunction, repetition, antonymy, and collocation. Cohesion marker behavior also indicates differences. There is conjunction contradiction in the form of semantic gap that is not found in other discourse types. Semantic gap, conflict of situations, repetition, antonymy and collocation are some instruments to strengthen poetic effect of a poem. The five forms are used by the poet to strengthen irony in the poem. These instruments probably are not important in other discourse types.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 448, "width": 252, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: cohesion markers, semantics, function, irony, poem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 471, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 482, "width": 372, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sudah banyak peneliti yang membahas kohesi. Di antara para peneliti itu belum ada yang mengaitkannya dengan pemahaman pembaca. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pemarkah kohesi, perilaku semantis, dan fungsinya sebagai sarana pemahaman pembaca. Puisi diambil sebagai objek kajian karena puisi memerlukan kepadatan bahasa. Dengan asumsi bahwa kepadatan bahasa dalam puisi memungkinkan peran lebih pemarkah- pemarkah kohesi. Kajian ini mengambil tiga puisi Taufik Ismail sebagai data. Pemilihan data ini didasari oleh keyakinan bahwa puisi Taufik Ismail dapat mewakili genre puisi pada umumnya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan jenis-jenis pemarkah kohesi yang digunakan dalam puisi berbeda dengan jenis-jenis kohesi dalam wacana yang lain. Perbedaan tersebut adalah dominasi pemarkah relasi konjungsi pertentangan, pengulangan, keantoniman, dan kolokasi. Perilaku pemarkah kohesi juga menunjukkan perbedaan. Konjungsi pertentangan ditemukan dalam bentuk kesenjangan semantis, hal yang tidak ditemukan dalam jenis wacana yang lain. Kesenjangan semantis dan pertentangan situasi merupakan salah satu alat untuk memperkuat efek puitis sebuah puisi. Demikian pula dengan pengulangan, keantoniman, dan kolokasi. Kelima bentuk ini digunakan penyair untuk memperkuat ironi dalam puisi. Sesuatu yang ‘mungkin’ tidak penting pada jenis wacana yang lain. Kata-kata kunci: pemarkah kohesi, perilaku semantis, fungsi, ironi, puisi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 691, "width": 351, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: 10.26499/jk.v13i2.175 How to cite: Basori. (2017). Kekohesifan teks puisi Taufiq Ismail. Kandai, 13(2), 157-172 (DOI: 10.26499/jk.v13i2.175)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 109, "width": 405, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 13 No. .., … No. 2, November 2017 Halaman 157-172 n", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyak peneliti yang sudah membahas pemarkah kohesi dalam wacana, di antaranya adalah Sumadi (2016), Sasangka (2016), Aziz (2015),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rasyid (2015), Sunarsih (2015), Indiyastini (2012), Sukoyo (2012), dan Lamusu (2010). Sumadi (2016) mengkaji peranti kohesi yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 194, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digunakan sebagai penanda lingual tokoh sentral dalam cerita pendek berbahasa Indonesia. Dalam kajiannya, ia menemukan bahwa tokoh sentral dipertahankan penyebutannya dengan pengulangan atau penggantian berupa pronomina persona, nama diri, dan nama jabatan atau frasa nominal berunsur nama jabatan. Sasangka (2016) mengkaji kohesi gramatikal dalam ragam bahasa perundang- undangan dan menemukan bahwa ragam pengacuan anaforis merupakan alat kohesi yang dominan dalam bahasa perundang-undangan. Kajian yang membahas alat-alat kohesi yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 447, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diterapkan pada skripsi mahasiswa dilakukan oleh Aziz (2015). Sayangnya, kajian ini hanya mendata alat-alat kohesi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 488, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang digunakan tanpa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menganalisis fungsinya sebagai pemadu wacana. Rasyid (2015) dalam kajiannya tentang kohesi dalam prosa Toraja menemukan bahwa alat kohesi yang banyak digunakan dalam prosa berbahasa Toraja adalah referensi dan substitusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 194, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara itu, Sunarsih (2015) membahas persamaan dan perbedaan jenis dan makna peranti kohesi kaitannya dengan bentuk terjemahan. Ia membandingkan novel berbahasa Inggris dengan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Indonesia. Indiyastini (2012) mengkaji wacana prosedural yang berbentuk resep masakan berbahasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jawa. Melalui kajian ini disimpulkannya bahwa kesatuan topik pada wacana prosedural resep masakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam bahasa Jawa diciptakan dengan penonjolan topik dan strategi kesinambungan topik. Sukoyo (2012) mengkaji alat-alat kohesi yang digunakan dalam percakapan berbahasa Jawa di dinding facebook -nya. Dalam kajiannya ia mendapati kohesi pengacuan merupakan alat yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 198, "width": 197, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dominan dalam percakapan di facebook . Peneliti yang mengambil objek puisi adalah Lamusu (2010). Lamusu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 240, "width": 195, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2010) mengambil objek puisi Rendra dan Taufik Ismail. Ia berusaha membandingkan pemarkah kohesi yang dipakai keduanya untuk mencari karakteristik kedua penyair tersebut. Peneliti-peneliti tersebut mengidentifikasi pemarkah kohesi serta fungsinya sebagai pemadu wacana. Belum ada di antara peneliti-peneliti tersebut yang mengaitkan antara penggunaan pemarkah kohesi dan pemanfaatannya sebagai sarana untuk memahami teks. Hal inilah yang membedakan antara penelitian ini dengan penelitian-penelitian yang sudah pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menguraikan pemarkah kohesi, perilaku semantis, serta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 488, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "fungsinya sebagai pemadu puisi. Tujuannya adalah menemukan jenis- jenis pemarkah kohesi, perilaku semantis, serta fungsinya sebagai sarana pemahaman teks puisi, yang dalam hal ini adalah puisi-puisi Taufik Ismail. Pemilihan puisi Taufik Ismail didasari atas posisinya sebagai penyair besar, yang karyanya telah diterjemahkan ke dalam banyak bahasa. Taufik Ismail, seorang penyair besar yang menulis karena dorongan nurani, menulis untuk menunjukkan kepeduliannya terhadap sesama. Ia tidak berkarya untuk dirinya sendiri, melainkan karena tuntutan nurani untuk berbuat sesuatu bagi lingkungannya sebagaimana yang diungkapkannya dalam salah satu karyanya, “Dengan Puisi Aku”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 195, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teori yang berkaitan dengan kohesi dan koherensi dalam wacana serta alat-alat kohesi dan sifat relasi serta perilaku semantisnya akan menjadi teori dasar dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 195, "height": 383, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di antara peneliti yang membahas kohesi dan pemarkahnya adalah Halliday dan Hasan (1976, hlm. 4-18; 1984, hlm. 101), Black (2006), Wijana dan Rohmadi (2009), Zaimar dan Harahap (2015), dan Basori (2011). Teori Cruse (1986, hlm. 88) yang membahas relasi leksikal digunakan untuk menutupi celah yang ada pada teori-teori tersebut dalam hal kategori dan klasifikasi. Teori Cruse akan lebih memperjelas kategori alat kohesi yang dimasukkan dalam kategori near synonym pada teori Haliday dan Hasan . Hubungan semantis dalam sebuah wacana diwujudkan melalui seperangkat kata tertentu. Perangkat yang dimaksud antara lain hubungan koreferensi (gramatikal) yang ditandai dengan penggunaan alat-alat pengacu (perujukan), penyulihan (penggantian), relasi konjungtif, dan pasangan berdampingan. Di samping itu, ada pula yang disebut sebagai perangkat kohesi leksikal, antara lain pengulangan, kesinoniman, keantoniman, kemeroniman, kemiripan (kolokasi) (Halliday & Hasan, 1984, hlm. 97-114).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 194, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kohesi adalah konsep semantik yang menampilkan hubungan makna antarunsur di dalam teks. Makna sebuah kata akan sangat bergantung pada kata- kata yang melingkupinya (konteks). Zaimar dan Harahap (2015, hlm. 133- 175), merujuk pada Halliday dan Hasan (1976), membagi perangkat kohesi dalam dua kelompok, yakni kohesi gramatikal dan kohesi leksikal. Kohesi gramatikal adalah keterkaitan antarunsur yang dinyatakan dengan unsur gramatikal. Kohesi gramatikal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diklasifikasikan dalam kategori pengacuan, penyulihan, pelesapan, dan konjungsi. Sementara itu, kohesi leksikal adalah keterpautan atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 143, "width": 194, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keterjalinan makna dalam suatu wacana yang dapat ditelusuri pada kosakatanya. Kohesi leksikal diklasifikasikan dalam beberapa kategori, yakni pengulangan, sinonim, hiponimi dan hiperonim, leksem generik, dan isotopi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 226, "width": 194, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak semua penanda kohesi itu ditemukan dalam sebuah teks. Ada teks tertentu yang kuat pada salah satu penanda kohesi, sementara teks yang lain lebih kuat pada penanda yang lain. Hal inilah yang kemudian dapat dijadikan tolok ukur gaya tiap-tiap penulis dalam mengungkapkan idenya, termasuk dalam hal ini penulis puisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 350, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tulisan-tulisan yang menggunakan teori-teori tersebut juga menjadi acuan yang sangat mendukung dan membantu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 392, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam upaya menyingkap pemarkah kohesi dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 447, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 474, "width": 194, "height": 273, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini mengambil tiga puisi Taufik Ismail sebagai data. Taufik Ismail dipilih dengan pertimbangan bahwa ia termasuk penyair yang produktif dalam penulisan puisi di Indonesia serta dianggap dapat mewakili pemakaian bahasa Indonesia pada ragam puisi. Tiga puisi yang dipilih adalah (1) “Ketika Indonesia Dihormati Dunia”, (2) “Seratus Juta”, dan (3) “Ketika Burung Merpati Sore Melayang”. Puisi “Ketika Indonesia Dihormati Dunia” dibaca Taufik Ismail di gedung KPU pada 9 Maret 2004 sebelum dilaksanakannya pemilihan umum. Sementara itu, dua puisi yang lain telah dimuat dalam kumpulan puisi Malu (Aku) Jadi Orang Indonesia yang diterbitkan oleh Yayasan Indonesia tahun 1999. Pemilihan ini dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan pertimbangan tiga puisi tersebut dianggap memiliki ciri penggunaan pemarkah kohesi yang lengkap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data dimulai dengan klasifikasi dan kodifikasi pemarkah kohesi dalam puisi. Klasifikasi dan kodifikasi dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 195, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan meletakkan kode angka di akhir setiap data. Angka di depan titik menunjukkan judul puisi, sedangkan angka di belakang titik menunjukkan larik dalam puisi tersebut. Contoh, data (1), kode 2.1 s.d. 2.3 dibaca puisi ke 2 (Seratus Juta) larik ke 1 sampai dengan larik ke 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 194, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Atas dasar cirinya, data diklasifikasikan ke dalam kohesi gramatikal yang berciri perujukan, penyulihan, dan relasi konjungtif serta kohesi leksikal yang berciri pengulangan, kesinoniman, keantoniman, dan kolokasi. Setelah itu, dilakukan pembahasan data dengan menguraikan perilaku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 405, "width": 195, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semantis pemarkah kohesi serta fungsinya dalam memadukan teks puisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemarkah kohesi yang ditemukan dalam tiga puisi Taufik Ismail dikelompokkan dalam pemarkah kohesi gramatikal dan pemarkah kohesi leksikal. Dua kelompok pemarkah kohesi tersebut dipaparkan pada bagian berikut.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kohesi Gramatikal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 626, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep kohesi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 225, "top": 626, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "gramatikal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 194, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merujuk pada hubungan antarunsur dalam wacana yang direalisasikan melalui tata bahasa. Kohesi gramatikal tersebut muncul apabila ada unsur lain yang ditautkan dengannya. Terdapat tiga jenis kohesi gramatikal yang didapatkan berdasarkan data yang dikaji, yaitu perujukan, penyulihan, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "relasi konjungtif. Tiga jenis kohesi gramatikal tersebut mempunyai sifat relasi masing-masing, baik relasi bentuk, relasi pengacuan, maupun perkaitan makna. Tiga jenis kohesi gramatikal tersebut diuraikan pada bagian berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 199, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 212, "width": 194, "height": 315, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perujukan adalah salah satu jenis kohesi gramatikal yang berupa satuan lingual tertentu yang merujuk pada satuan lingual lain yang mendahului atau mengikutinya. Perujukan dibagi menjadi dua berdasarkan tempatnya, yaitu perujukan eksofora dan endofora. Perujukan eksofora adalah referensi yang rujukannya berada di luar teks (ekstratekstual). Perujukan ini bersifat situasional. Artinya, rujukan tersebut terjadi jika suatu konstituen digunakan untuk mengacu sesuatu yang umum atau situasi yang abstrak di luar teks. Perujukan endofora adalah referensi yang rujukannya berada di dalam teks (intratekstual), biasanya diwujudkan oleh pronominal, baik pronomina persona, pronomina penunjuk, maupun pronomina komparatif. Berdasarkan letak anteseden (arah yang dirujuk), referensi jenis ini dibagi menjadi referensi anaforis dan referensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 529, "width": 195, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kataforis. Berikut ini adalah data yang menunjukkan adanya penggunaan perujukan sebagai pamarkah kohesi wacana puisi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 612, "width": 167, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Umat miskin dan penganggur berdiri hari ini Seratus juta banyaknya, tampakkah olehmu wajah mereka Di tengah mereka tak tahu aku akan berbuat apa (2.1 s.d. 2.3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 723, "width": 195, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konstituen mereka pada data (1) merujuk pada antesenden umat miskin .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan begitu, pembaca dapat memarafrasa bentuk tersebut menjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 195, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "//Seratus juta banyaknya, tampakkah olehmu wajah umat miskin// Di tengah umat miskin tak tahu aku akan berbuat apa//. Penggunaan perujukan ini akan memudahkan pembaca dalam memahami makna (pesan) yang disampaikan oleh penyair. Perujukan ini menjadi pemandu bagi pembaca untuk membaca dan mengurai makna yang disusun oleh penyair. Taufik Ismail sering sekali menggunakan bentuk referensi ini untuk memadukan teksnya. Berikut ini contoh kedua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 309, "width": 167, "height": 259, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Anak bangsa muda-muda usia , satu-satu ketemu di jalan, mereka sopan-sopan Tapi bila mereka sudah puluhan apalagi ratusan di lapangan Pawai keliling kota, berdiri di atap kendaraan, melanggar semua aturan Di kepala terikat bandana, kaus oblong disablon, di tangan bendera berkibaran Meneriak-neriakkan tanda seru dalam sepuluh kalimat semboyan dan slogan Berubah mereka jadi beringas dan siap mengamuk, melakukan kekerasan (1.30 s.d. 1.35)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 195, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada data (2) konstituen mereka merujuk pada anak bangsa muda-muda usia . Sejauh apa pun jarak antara rujukan dan hal yang dirujuk, pambaca tidak akan kesulitan untuk menafsirkan bentuk mereka sebagai pengganti bentuk anak bangsa muda-muda. Hal ini terjadi karena pada setiap klausa yang disusun bentuk tersebut merupakan subjek pelaku. Selain pronomina persona,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 736, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pronomina penunjuk juga digunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebagai alat kohesi dalam puisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pronomina penunjuk yang sering muncul adalah itu (data 3), sini dan ini (data 4), serta begini (data 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 157, "width": 168, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Dengan rasa rindu kukenang pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat Dengan rasa kangen pemilihan umum pertama itu kucatat Peristiwa itu berlangsung tepatnya di tahun lima puluh lima Ketika itu sebagai bangsa kita baru sepuluh tahun merdeka", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 309, "width": 196, "height": 438, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Itulah pemilihan umum yang paling indah dalam sejarah bangsa Pemilihan umum pertama, yang sangat bersih dalam sejarah kita Waktu itu tak dikenal singkatan jurdil, istilah jujur dan adil Jujur dan adil tak diucapkan, jujur dan adil cuma dilaksanakan Waktu itu tak dikenal istilah pesta demokrasi (1.1 s.d. 1.9) Pada data (3), konstituen pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat pada larik pertama berfungsi sebagai antesenden bagi pemilihan umum pertama itu (larik kedua), peristiwa itu (larik ketiga), ketika itu (larik keempat), itulah (larik kelima), waktu itu (larik keenam dan kedelapan). Itu merupakan pronomina penunjuk. Ia menunjuk pada hal, waktu yang jauh. Itu pada larik-larik tersebut menunjuk pada peristiwa pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat yang sudah diungkapkan pada larik pertama. 4) Saudaraku yang sirna nafkah, tanpa kerja berdiri di sini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 88, "width": 138, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saudara kita yang sempit rezeki, terbungkuk hari ini Di belakang mereka tegak anak dan isteri, berjuta-juta (2.6 s.d. 2.8)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 195, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pronomina penunjuk sini pada data (4) merujuk pada tempat, tempat berdiri sebagaimana yang disebutkan sebelumnya. Berbeda dengan sini yang merujuk pada tempat, ada pula pronomina ini pada larik ketujuh yang merujuk pada waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 281, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5) Karena hukum tak tegak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 295, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semua jadi begini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 323, "width": 145, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negeriku sesak adegan tipu- menipu Bergerak ke kiri, dengan maling kebentur aku Bergerak ke kanan, dengan perampok ketabrak aku Bergerak ke belakang, dengan pencopet kesandung aku Bergerak ke depan, dengan penipu ketanggor aku Bergerak ke atas, di kaki pemeras tergilas aku (3.3 s.d. 3.9)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (5) menunjukkan karakter yang lain. Data-data sebelumnya (1) s.d. (4) merupakan jenis perujukan anaforis,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sementara data (5) merupakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perujukan kataforis. Apa yang dirujuk oleh begini pada larik ketiga adalah bentuk-bentuk yang diceritakan kemudian (larik 4 s.d. larik 9). Ciri kataforis seperti ini jarang sekali ditemukan dalam wacana jenis lain. Kajian Suhaebah (1998), Mukhlis (1998), Suprapto (2001), dan Lamusu (2010) tidak menemukan pemarkah jenis ini dalam data mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyulihan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 195, "height": 342, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyulihan adalah penggantian suatu unsur dengan unsur lain dalam suatu teks. Hal ini dimaksudkan sebagai cara untuk menghindari pengulangan atau penyebutan secara lengkap bentuk yang sama yang bisa menyebabkan kebosanan pembaca. Dalam beberapa hal penyulihan mirip dengan pelesapan ( ellipsis ). Kedua alat peranti kohesi ini mengandungi proses penggantian konstituen. Dalam penyulihan, konstituen ini diganti oleh konstituen lain yang memiliki acuan yang sama, sedangkan dalam pelesapan diganti oleh unsur kosong ( substitution by zero ). Penyulihan adalah hubungan leksikogramatis dengan peranti penyulih berupa kata, frasa, atau klausa yang maknanya sama sekali berbeda dengan unsur tersulihnya. Penyulihan merupakan hubungan antarbentuk linguistik. Ia lebih merupakan hubungan kata ( wording ) daripada makna dan hubungan yang dijalin di dalamnya bersifat gramatikal.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 459, "width": 160, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6) Dengan rasa rindu kukenang pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat Dengan rasa kangen pemilihan umum pertama itu kucatat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 556, "width": 146, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peristiwa itu berlangsung tepatnya di tahun lima puluh lima Ketika itu sebagai bangsa kita baru sepuluh tahun merdeka Itulah pemilihan umum yang paling indah dalam sejarah bangsa Pemilihan umum pertama ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 680, "width": 145, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang sangat bersih dalam sejarah kita Waktu itu tak dikenal singkatan jurdil, istilah jujur dan adil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jujur dan adil tak diucapkan, jujur dan adil cuma dilaksanakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 129, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Waktu itu tak dikenal istilah pesta demokrasi (1.1. s.d. 1.9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (6) menunjukkan bentuk penyulihan yang kompleks. Frasa pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat , disulih dengan bermacam bentuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk-bentuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 195, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut adalah pemilihan umum pertama (larik kedua) , peristiwa itu (larik ketiga) , ketika itu (larik keempat), pemilihan umum yang paling indah (larik kelima) , pemilihan umum pertama (larik keenam) , yang sangat bersih , waktu itu (larik ketujuh dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 323, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kesembilan) . Penyulihan-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 195, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyulihan ini menuntun pembaca untuk memahami makna sebagaimana yang diharapkan oleh penyair. Dengan penyulihan ini pembaca dipandu dalam proses pemahaman teks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Relasi Konjungtif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 195, "height": 218, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Relasi konjungtif adalah hubungan antara dua konstituen, baik antarklausa, antarkalimat, maupun antarparagraf dengan menggunakan konjungsi. Halliday dan Hasan (1984) merinci relasi konjungtif dalam lima jenis, yakni aditif, adversatif, kausal, temporal, dan kontinuatif. Sementara itu, Arifin (1993) dengan objek kajian cerpen dalam bahasa Sunda memerikan beberapa relasi konjungtif, di antaranya adalah aditif, adversatif, alternatif, limitatif, privatif, referensial, temporal, kausal, final kondisional, konsesif, kooperatif, cara, sangkalan, kenyataan, hasil, penjelasan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "atributif, argumentatif, dan inklusif. Uraian data menunjukkan penggunaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "relasi konjungtif kausalitas, aditif, dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertentangan dalam puisi. Berikut ini data yang menunjukkan penggunaan relasi konjungtif yang berupa kausalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 88, "width": 159, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7) Langit akhlak telah roboh di atas negeri Karena akhlak roboh, hukum tak tegak berdiri Karena hukum tak tegak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 157, "width": 195, "height": 163, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semua jadi begini (3.1. s.d. 3.3.) Data (7) menunjukkan relasi konjungtif kausalitas. Hal itu diwujudkan dalam bentuk penggunaan konjungsi karena. Penutur menggambarkan sebab pada larik pertama kemudian melanjutkannya dengan akibat. Akibat pada larik kedua menjadi sebab pada larik ketiga. Penggunaan konjungsi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 309, "width": 194, "height": 231, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kausalitas karena membantu pembaca dalam memahami larik-larik ini. Pada puisi ini, penutur mendahulukan sebab untuk mendapatkan efek ironis. Sifat negatif dalam susunan sebab-akibat(sebab)- akibat secara bertingkat memperkuat efek ironis. Saya meyakini bentuk ini merupakan sesuatu yang khas wacana puisi. Hal ini berkaitan dengan sifat bahasa puisi yang memadat. Efek ironis tidak akan didapatkan jika susunannya dibalik. Perhatikan pengubahan susunan sebagaimana (7a). Pengubahan susunan ini mengurangi derajat keironisan puisi dan sekaligus memperlemah pesan yang disampaikan penutur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 557, "width": 159, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(7a) Semua jadi begini karena hukum tak tegak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 361, "top": 585, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hukum taktegak berdiri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 361, "top": 598, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "karena akhlak roboh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 361, "top": 612, "width": 138, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langit akhlak telah roboh di atas negeri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 654, "width": 194, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (8) sampai dengan (10) menunjukkan relasi aditif dengan menggunakan konjungsi dan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 709, "width": 161, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8) Jujur dan adil tak diucapkan, jujur dan adil cuma dilaksanakan (1.8)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 120, "top": 102, "width": 161, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9) Sebagai bangsa, kita dikenal santun dan sopan (1.22)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 143, "width": 168, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10) Umat miskin dan penganggur berdiri hari ini (2.1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di samping itu, ada pula relasi konjungtif yang tidak menggunakan pemarkah dan sebagaimana yang tampak pada contoh (11) berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 167, "height": 190, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11) Negeriku sesak adegan tipu- menipu Bergerak ke kiri, dengan maling kebentur aku Bergerak ke kanan, dengan perampok ketabrak aku Bergerak ke belakang, dengan pencopet kesandung aku Bergerak ke depan, dengan penipu ketanggor aku Bergerak ke atas, di kaki pemeras tergilas aku (3.4 s.d. 3.9)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 194, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (11) menunjukkan ciri yang berbeda dengan data (8), (9), dan (10). Data (11) dapat dimasukkan dalam kategori relasi aditif meskipun ia tidak menggunakan konjungsi dan di dalamnya. Penutur hanya menjajarkan beberapa peristiwa atau situasi secara berurutan dalam bentuk klausa-klausa pendek yang memiliki kedudukan setara. Relasi aditif yang tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menggunakan konjungsi aditif dan seperti ini banyak ditemukan dalam puisi-puisi Taufik Ismail. Penyair hanya menggambarkan satu situasi yang diikuti oleh situasi-situasi berikutnya. Hal ini ditemukan juga pada data (12) dan (13) berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 709, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12) Kapal laut bertenggelaman,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 723, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kapal udara berjatuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 88, "width": 160, "height": 301, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gempa bumi, banjir, tanah longsor dan orang kelaparan Kemarau panjang, kebakaran hutan berbulan- bulan Jutaan hektar jadi jerebu abu-abu berkepulan Bumiku demam berat, menggigilkan air lautan (3.10 s.d. 3.14) 13) Beribu pencari nafkah dengan kapal dipulangkan Penyakit kelamin meruyak tak tersembuhkan Penyakit nyamuk membunuh bagai ejekan Berjuta belalang menyerang lahan pertanian Bumiku demam berat, menggigilkan air lautan (3.15 s.d. 3.18)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 405, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara itu, relasi pertentangan ditunjukkan pada data (14) berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 447, "width": 160, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14) Itulah masa, ketika Indonesia dihormati dunia Sebagai pribadi, wajah kita simpatik berhias senyuman Sebagai bangsa, kita dikenal santun dan sopan Sebagai massa kita jauh dari kebringasan, jauh dari keganasan Tapi enam belas tahun kemudian, dalam 7 pemilu berturutan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 361, "top": 612, "width": 138, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk sejumlah kursi, 50 kali 50 sentimeter persegi dalam ukuran Rakyat dihasut untuk berteriak, bendera partai mereka kibarkan Rasa bersaing yang sehat berubah jadi rasa dendam dikobarkan (1.20 s.d. 1.27)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 190, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan konjungtor tapi memajankan relasi pertentangan antara situasi yang digambarkan pada larik- larik sebelumnya (larik 20 s.d. 23) dengan larik-larik sesudahnya (larik 24 s.d. 27). Hal ini merupakan salah satu wujud paradoks situasi. Situasi positif yang digambarkan pada larik 20 sampai 23 disandingkan dengan situasi negatif pada larik 24 s.d. 27. Penggunaan konjungtor tapi menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa yang digambarkan pada bagian ini adalah paradoks, kontras dengan peristiwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 267, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 195, "height": 342, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digambarkan pada larik 20 s.d. 23. Dimulai dengan deiksis waktu // enam belas tahun kemudian, dalam 7 pemilu berurutan// penutur memberi tekanan pada masa, waktu. Enam belas tahun kemudian merujuk pada enam belas tahun setelah tahun lima puluh lima. Dalam 7 pemilu berurutan merujuk pada tujuh peristiwa pemilu setelahnya, yakni pemilu tahun 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, 1997, dan 1999. Pada bagian ini sebenarnya yang bermain adalah pemarkah kohesi perujukan eksofora (ekstralingual). Mitra tutur (pembaca) dituntut untuk mengetahui dan memahami sejarah bahwa pemilu di negeri ini dilaksanakan setiap lima tahun sekali. Kekecualian terjadi pada tahun 1999, pada masa kejatuhan pemerintahan Suharto yang kemudian memaksa dilaksanakannya pemilihan umum lebih cepat dari biasanya. Hal ini mengimplikasikan makna kontras situasi dalam sejarah perpolitikan Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 195, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (14) larik 24 s.d. 27 menginformasikan cara-cara negatif yang dilakukan oleh para peserta pemilu untuk mendapatkan kursi yang ‘50 kali 50 sentimeter’ tersebut. Cara-cara yang dinyatakan dalam larik-larik ini merupakan kontras dari informasi yang diberikan pada bait kedua larik 20 s.d. 23; cara-cara yang sopan, simpatik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berhias senyum, dan jauh dari keberingasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 130, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kohesi Leksikal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 157, "width": 194, "height": 190, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kohesi leksikal merupakan keterikatan semantis yang direalisasikan ke dalam sistem leksikal. Dalam kohesi leksikal tidak ada satu kasus pun yang selalu memiliki fungsi kohesif. Setiap butir leksikal dapat memiliki relasi kohesif, tetapi tidak dapat membawa indikasi apakah butir itu dapat berfungsi kohesif atau tidak. Ini hanya dapat ditentukan dengan perujukan pada teks. Berikut ini diuraikan pemarkah kohesi leksikal yang meliputi pengulangan, kesinoniman, keantoniman, dan kolokasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 364, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengulangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 378, "width": 194, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengulangan adalah penyebutan kembali suatu bentuk leksikal yang sama yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Pengulangan ini bisa berupa pengulangan kata, frasa, atau klausa.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 474, "width": 163, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15) Pada waktu itu tak ada huru- hara yang menegangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 502, "width": 146, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada waktu itu tidak ada setetes pun darah ditumpahkan Pada waktu itu tidak ada satu nyawa melayang Pada waktu itu tidak sebuah mobil pun digulingkan lalu dibakar Pada waktu itu tidak sebuah pun bangunan disulut api berkobar Pada waktu itu tidak ada suap-menyuap, tak terdengar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 681, "width": 145, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sogok-sogokan Pada waktu itu dalam penghitungan suara, tak ada kecurangan (1.13 s.d. 1.19)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "166", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (15) menunjukkan pengulangan atau repetisi. Konstituen pada waktu itu diulang pada setiap larik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengulangan ini menguatkan pesan terhadap peristiwa yang disebutkan sebelumnya yakni peristiwa pemilihan umum tahun 1955. Data (15) menggambarkan kebersihan dan keindahan pemilu 1955 dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 195, "height": 411, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menggunakan klausa-klausa negatif. Larik-larik ini menggunakan bentuk- bentuk negatif. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memperkuat kesan keindahan dan kebersihan peristiwa tersebut. Struktur bentuk positif yang dibarengi dengan bentuk negatif demikian lazim digunakan untuk menjelaskan dan memperkuat makna. Struktur klausa yang dipakai pun menunjukkan keseragaman, yakni K-P-S. Pengulangan keterangan pada waktu itu yang mengawali seluruh larik pada bagian ini merujuk pada peristiwa pemilu tahun lima puluh lima. Pengulangan ini memperkuat kesan terhadap peristiwa yang dirujuk, yakni pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat pada larik pertama yang merupakan anteseden frasa pada waktu itu. Penjajaran secara berulang ini menguatkan kesan terhadap peristiwa tersebut. Predikat yang berbentuk negatif dengan penggunaan tidak mengimplikasikan nada ironis yang memperkuat pesan bahwa peristiwa tersebut benar-benar indah dan bersih. Hal yang sama terdapat pada data (16) berikut. Pada data (16) konstituen bergerak ke diulang lima kali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 164, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16) Negeriku sesak adegan tipu- menipu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 667, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke kiri, dengan maling kebentur aku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 695, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke kanan, dengan perampok ketabrak aku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 88, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke belakang, dengan pencopet kesandung aku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 129, "width": 166, "height": 205, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke depan, dengan penipu ketanggor aku Bergerak ke atas, di kaki pemeras tergilas aku (3.4 s.d. 3.9) 17) Lalu berceceran darah, berkepulan asap dan berkobaran api Empat syuhada melesat ke langit dari bumi Trisakti Gemuruh langkah, simaklah, di seluruh negeri Beribu bangunan roboh, dijarah dalam huru-hara ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 336, "width": 196, "height": 411, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengar jeritan beratus orang berlarian dikunyah api Mereka hangus-arang, siapa dapat mengenal lagi Bumiku sakit berat, dengarlah angin menangis sendiri (3.22 s.d. 3.26) 18) Kukenangkan tahun ‘47 lama aku jalan di Ambarawa dan Salatiga Balik kujalani Clash I di Jawa, Clash II di Bukittinggi Kuingat-ingat pemboman Sekutu dan Belanda seantero negeri Seluruh korban empat tahun revolusi Dengan Mei ‘98 jauh beda, jauh kalah ngeri Aku termangu mengenang ini Bumiku sakit berat, dengarlah angin menangis sendiri (3.27 s.d. 3.33) Data (17) dan (18) menunjukkan pengulangan dalam bentuk yang berbeda. Pada bagian ini ada pengulangan klausa Bumiku sakit berat,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "167", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 190, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengarlah angin menangis sendiri pada larik terakhir bait. Pengulangan ini berfungsi sebagai simpulan beberapa hal yang diuraikan pada larik-larik sebelumnya. Larik 22 s.d. 25 data (17) dan 27 s.d. 32 data (18) merupakan larik-larik ironis yang menggambarkan suasana negatif. Suasana negatif yang disusun secara berurutan pada dua masa yang berbeda kemudian diakhiri dengan simpulan yang sama. Pengulangan pada data (17) dan (18) yang dilakukan pada setiap akhir bait menjadi penanda penegas ide yang disampaikan penutur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 181, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19) Ada burung merpati sore melayang Adakah desingnya kau dengar sekarang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 364, "width": 166, "height": 135, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ke daun telingaku, jari Tuhan memberi jentikan Ke ulu hatiku, ngilu tertikam cobaan Di aorta jantungku, musibah bersimbah darah Di cabang tangkai paru-paruku, kutuk mencekik nafasku Tapi apakah sah sudah, ini murkaMu?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 195, "height": 162, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada burung merpati sore melayang Adakah desingnya kau dengar sekarang. (3.34 s.d. 3.42) Sementara itu, data (19) merupakan pengulangan bait. Dua larik tersebut diletakkan pada bait yang berbeda. Pengulangan-pengulangan itu, baik yang berupa pengulangan frasa maupun pengulangan bait merupakan bentuk pengukuhan pesan yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "disampaikan penutur. Hal yang sama juga dapat dilihat pada data (20) s.d. (22) berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20) Kini kutundukkan kepala, karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 116, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada sesuatu besar luar biasa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 129, "width": 145, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilang terasa dari rongga dada ... Kini kutundukkan kepala,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 185, "width": 139, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "karena Ada sesuatu besar luar biasa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 212, "width": 166, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilang terasa dari rongga dada (2.4 s.d. 2.23) 21) Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 267, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa yang putus kerja dan makan setengah kali sehari? Aku tak tahu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 323, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 354, "top": 336, "width": 145, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa yang sakit ginjal, hamil tua dan radang paru- paru? Bagaimana bisa aku tahu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 405, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 354, "top": 419, "width": 148, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa bayi yang tak dapat susu dan makanan tambahan? Betul-betul aku tak tahu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 474, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 354, "top": 488, "width": 145, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa anak yang putus sekolah dan habis kontrakan rumah? Jangan tanya padaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 557, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari yang seratus juta itu Berapa yang berubah ingatan dan semakin ditimbun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 598, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hutang?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 612, "width": 145, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengapa kau bertanya begitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 640, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 354, "top": 654, "width": 145, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa yang tertawa-tawa sendiri dan berniat bunuh diri? Alangkah tak pantasnya pertanyaan itu Dari yang seratus juta itu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berapa yang penyakitan dan akan dikubur mati kelaparan Sudah, sudah cukup dan hentikan semua pertanyaan itu (2.27 s.d. 2.44) 22) Saudaraku Kita mesti berbuat sesuatu Betapapun sukarnya itu ... Saudaraku Kita mesti berbuat sesuatu Betapapun sukarnya itu (2.24 s.d. 2.50) Pengulangan yang dilakukan pada data (20), (21), dan (22) menunjukkan fungsi yang sama, yakni untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 195, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menguatkan pesan yang ingin disampaikan oleh penyair. Pengulangan yang dilakukan pada setiap awal bait ini menunjukkan betapa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 195, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pentingnya perhatian pembaca terhadap frasa dari yang seratus juta itu . Pembaca tidak dibiarkan lengah dan melewatkan informasi bahwa di antara seratus juta orang itu terdapat orang-orang yang kesulitan, yang sengsara. Penutur ingin menghadirkan fakta yang seratus juta itu ke hadapan pembaca.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesinoniman Kesinoniman merupakan dua bentuk leksikal yang memiliki makna yang sama atau hampir sama.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 194, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesinoniman ini dapat berupa kata yang memiliki makna yang sama, dapat pula yang memiliki makna yang sama dari bentuk leksikal yang dirujuknya. Untuk lebih jelasnya, dapat dilihat contoh berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 681, "width": 164, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23) Negeriku sesak adegan tipu- menipu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 709, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke kiri, dengan maling kebentur aku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 88, "width": 145, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke kanan, dengan perampok ketabrak aku Bergerak ke belakang, dengan pencopet kesandung aku Bergerak ke depan, dengan penipu ketanggor aku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 354, "top": 185, "width": 145, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bergerak ke atas, di kaki pemeras tergilas aku (3.4 s.d. 3.9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 240, "width": 195, "height": 273, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konstituen kebentur, ketabrak, kesandung, dan ketanggor pada (23) merupakan bentuk sinonim. Keempat bentuk ini bermakna bertumbukan; berlanggaran, dan berbentrokan. Penggunaan bentuk sinonim ini memperkuat makna yang dibangun oleh penyair. Ia tidak memiliki pilihan, ke mana pun arah yang dituju ia selalu menemui hal-hal negatif yang kurang lebih sama. Hal-hal negatif itu diwujudkan juga dengan bentuk sinonim perampok, pencopet, penipu, dan pemeras. Di sini pembaca dihadapkan pada situasi tanpa pilihan, pada jalan buntu. Penjajaran leksem- leksem sinonim yang bermakna negatif ini memperkuat pesan ironis. Penutur benar-benar membangun suasana ironis itu di hadapan pembaca.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 529, "width": 166, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24) Dengan rasa rindu kukenang pemilihan umum setengah abad yang lewat Dengan rasa kangen pemilihan umum pertama itu kucatat (1.1 s.d. 1.2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 626, "width": 194, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bentuk rindu pada larik pertama dan kangen pada larik kedua merupakan bentuk yang bersinonim. Rindu dan kangen merupakan sinonim, dalam KBBI (2008: hlm. 501 & hlm. 956) Rindu dan kangen dimaknai sebagai sangat ingin dan berharap benar terhadap sesuatu. Dalam konteks puisi ini berarti penutur sangat ingin dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "169", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berharap benar terhadap peristiwa pemilu yang bersih, yang jujur sebagaimana yang pernah ia rasakan pada tahun 1955.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keantoniman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 194, "height": 135, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keantoniman adalah hubungan semantis antara satu konstituen yang berkontras atau beroposisi dengan konstituen lain. Bila dirinci lebih lanjut, keantoniman ini meliputi (a) oposisi mutlak, (b) oposisi kutub, (c) oposisi hubungan, (d) oposisi hierarkis, dan (e) oposisi majemuk. Berikut ini data yang menunjukkan adanya keantoniman dalam puisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 168, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "25) Anak bangsa muda-muda usia, satu-satu ketemu di jalan, mereka sopan-sopan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 364, "width": 146, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "/.../ Berubah mereka jadi beringas dan siap mengamuk , melakukan kekerasan (1.30", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 419, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "s.d. 1.34)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 447, "width": 165, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "26) Antara rasa rindu dan malu puisi ini kutuliskan (1.38)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 487, "width": 194, "height": 80, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data (25) dan (26) menunjukkan penanda keantoniman. Sopan pada data (25) bermakna beradab dalam tingkah laku dan budi bahasa dijajarkan dengan beringas, mengamuk yang memiliki makna berlawanan dengan sopan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 194, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2008) beringas bermakna liar, mengamuk bermakna menyerang membabi buta. Demikian pula dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "malu dan rindu pada data (26). Salah satu komponen makna adjektiva malu adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 653, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "negatif , sementara rindu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memiliki komponen makna yang positif.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjajaran leksem yang memiliki kesenjangan semantis ini memperkuat paradoks yang dibangun oleh penutur. Kesenjangan semantis merupakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 232, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merupakan salah satu ciri ujaran ironi. Kesenjangan semantis yang menjadi kecenderungan utama gaya tuturan puisi-puisi Taufik Ismail adalah yang disebabkan oleh kotradiksi leksikal. Kontradiksi leksikal ini ditunjukkan oleh penggunaan kata yang memiliki komponen makna yang berbeda. Kontradiksi leksikal berikut menunjukkan penempatan leksem yang memperlihatkan kontras penyifatan yang menampilkan situasi paradoks. Paradoks-paradoks yang dimunculkan tentu saja memperkuat kesan ironis dalam puisi. Hal itu menimbulkan ketaksaan yang lebih menuntut pengetahuan konteks ekstralinguistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 323, "width": 194, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjajaran leksem dengan sifat seperti itu juga tampak pada data berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 364, "width": 168, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "27) Jujur dan adil tak diucapkan, jujur dan adil cuma dilaksanakan (1.8) 28) Pesta demokrasi tak dilisankan, pesta demokrasi cuma dilangsungkan (1.10)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 474, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "29) Ada sesuatu besar luar biasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 488, "width": 147, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilang terasa dari rongga dada (2.5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 529, "width": 167, "height": 67, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30) Saudara kita yang sempit rezeki, terbungkuk hari ini Di belakang mereka tegak anak dan isteri, berjuta-juta (2.8)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 612, "width": 195, "height": 134, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31) Penyakit dan obat, sejarak utara dan selatan (2.16) Penjajaran kata yang menimbulkan kesenjangan semantis sebagaimana tampak pada data (27) sampai dengan (31) menunjukkan bahwa paradoks menjadi unsur utama ujaran ironi. Verba negatif takdiucapkan yang dijajarkan dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "170", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "cuma dilaksanakan (data 27),", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "takdilisankan ... cuma dilangsungkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(28), verba negatif hilang yang dijajarkan dengan verba positif ada pada data (29), serta adjektiva", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 195, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terbungkuk yang dijajarkan dengan adjektiva tegak pada data (30) menunjukkan kontras", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penyifatan terhadap leksem yang disebutkan sebelumnya. Kontras penyifatan seperti ini menimbulkan efek ironi yang kuat. Data (31) menunjukkan oposisi kutub. Data tersebut menganalogikan penyakit dan obat dengan jarak utara dan selatan. Hal ini mengimplikasikan sesuatu yang sangat jauh, sesuatu yang tak terjangkau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kolokasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kolokasi merupakan hubungan makna leksikal yang berdekatan antara satu unsur dengan unsur yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kolokasi adalah kesamaan asosiasi atau kemungkinan adanya beberapa kata dalam lingkungan yang sama dalam suatu wacana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 473, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "32) Untuk sejumlah kursi, 50 kali", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 487, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50 sentimeter persegi dalam ukuran (1.25)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 515, "width": 167, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33) Anak bangsa tewas ratusan , mobil dan bangunan dibakar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 542, "width": 166, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "puluhan (1.29) 34) Meneriak-neriakkan tanda seru dalam sepuluh kalimat semboyan dan slogan (1.34)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 167, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35) Anak bangsa muda-muda usia, satu-satu ketemu di jalan, mereka sopan-sopan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 680, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tapi bila mereka sudah puluhan apalagi ratusan di lapangan (1.30 s.d. 1.31)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kolokasi yang digunakan pada data (32) sampai dengan (35) adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 383, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bentuk numeralia. Penyebutan puluhan, ratusan, sepuluh, lima puluh merupakan alat yang digunakan oleh penyair untuk menggugah imaji pembaca. Dengan menyebut numeralia tersebut pembaca dibawa dalam suasana sebagaimana yang diinginkan oleh penutur. Bentuk- bentuk tersebut merupakan hiperbol yang dibangun untuk memperkuat imaji pembaca (mitra tutur). Pemakaian hiperbol dalam puisi-puisi itu mempunyai dua fungsi, yakni untuk menciptakan metafora dan untuk menegaskan sindiran atau cemoohan, yang kadang-kadang sampai pada taraf sarkasme. Pemakaian hiperbol dapat mempertegas metafora dan menghidupkan imaji visual secara lebih kuat. Pemakaian hiperbol yang menimbulkan efek sindiran atau cemoohan lebih menonjolkan ciri ironinya. Penutur tampaknya gemar sekali menggunakan bentuk hiperbolik dengan memanfaatkan angka-angka. Hal ini tampak pada tiga puisi yang menjadi data dalam kajian ini semuanya menggunakan angka-angka hiperbolik. Berikut adalah contohnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 488, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36) Di belakang mereka tegak anak dan isteri, berjuta-juta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 354, "top": 516, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2.9)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 543, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37) Beratus ribu saf berjajar susunannya (2.10)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 585, "width": 167, "height": 107, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38) Dari yang seratus juta itu (2.27) 39) Jutaan hektar jadi jerebu abu- abu berkepulan (3.13) 40) Beribu pencari nafkah dengan kapal dipulangkan (3.15)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 709, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41) Berjuta belalang menyerang lahan pertanian (3.18)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 45, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori: Kekohesifan Teks Puisi...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 480, "top": 762, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "171", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42) Beribu bangunan roboh,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 102, "width": 145, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dijarah dalam huru-hara ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 167, "height": 52, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3.23) 43) Dengar jeritan beratus orang berlarian dikunyah api (3.24)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melalui tahap pembahasan ditemukan bahwa tidak semua alat kohesi dimanfaatkan oleh Taufik Ismail untuk membangun puisi-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 195, "height": 122, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "puisinya. Setidaknya empat alat kohesi, yakni pelesapan, kehiponiman, keparoniman, dan kemeroniman tidak terdapat dalam data yang dianalisis. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemakaian alat kohesi ini relatif sifatnya. Kerelatifan ini sangat berkaitan dengan konsep licencia poetica , yakni kebebasan penyair.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 195, "height": 190, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat kohesi yang dominan dalam puisi-puisi Taufik Ismail adalah relasi konjungtif, pengulangan, dan keantoniman. Tiga pemarkah ini menjadi dominan karena mampu membentuk wacana yang ironis. Dari tiga puisi yang dibahas, ketiga-tiganya menunjukkan kesan ironis yang kuat. Kesan ironis itu diwujudkan dalam bentuk relasi kausalitas, keantoniman, dan relasi pertentangan. Relasi pertentangan ini terwujud dalam pertentangan situasi maupun pertentangan semantis beberapa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemarkah yang dipakai. Sementara itu, pengulangan yang dilakukan secara berturut-turut dapat membangun dan memperkuat efek puitis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 194, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan alat-alat kohesi ini bagaimanapun sangat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 195, "height": 66, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "membantu pembaca dalam usaha memahami makna puisi. Alat-alat kohesi ini dapat digunakan sebagai penanda yang dapat ditelusuri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 194, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "implikasi maknanya berdasarkan konteks bahasa yang disusun oleh penutur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 116, "width": 194, "height": 66, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azis, A.W. (2015). Pemarkah kohesi leksikal dan kohesi gramatikal. Dialektika Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra dan Matematika 1 (1), 71-85.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 198, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basori. (2011). Implikatur Ironi dalam Puisi-Puisi Taufik Ismail. Tesis. Program Pascasarjana Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 267, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Black, E. (2006). Pragmatic Stylistics . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 323, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cruse, D.A. (1986). Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 378, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Halliday, M.A.K. & Ruqaiya Hasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 392, "width": 166, "height": 24, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1976). Cohesion in English . London: Longman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 433, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Halliday, M.A.K. & Hasan, R. (1984). Language, context, and text: aspects of language in a social- semiotic perspective . (Asruddin Barori Tou, penerjemah) Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 543, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indiyastini, T. (2012). Kesatuan topik wacana prosedural resep masakan dalam bahasa Jawa. Widyaparwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 585, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40 (1), 33-41 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 612, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ismail, Taufik. (1999) Malu aku jadi orang Indonesia (MAJOI). Jakarta: Yayasan Indonesia. Lamusu, S. A. (2010). Telaah stilistika puisi-puisi Rendra & Taufik Ismail. Jurnal Inovasi 7 (2), 33 - 45 .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 45, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandai Vol. 13, No. 2, November 2017; 157-172", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "172", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rasyid. A. (2015) Kohesi gramatikal dalam prosa Toraja. Sawerigading, 21 (3), 405-413 .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 194, "height": 39, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sasangka, S.S.T.W. (2016). Kohesi gramatikal dalam ragam bahasa perundang-undangan. Kandai,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 (1), 71-84.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 194, "height": 66, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sukoyo, J. (2012). Analisis wacana percakapan berbahasa Jawa di jejaring sosial Facebook: Kajian kohesi. Widyaparwa, 40 (2), 21- 28.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumadi. (2016). Satuan lingual penanda tokoh sentral dalam kekohesifan wacana cerita pendek Indonesia. Widyaparwa, 44 (2), 110-121.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 135, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sunarsih, T.A. (2015). Kohesi pada novel the naked face dan wajah sang pembunuh karya Sidney Sheldon. Widyaparwa, 43 (2), 189-198 . Wijana, I D. P. dan Rohmadi, M. (2009) Analisis wacana pragmatik: Kajian teori dan analisis . Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 240, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zaimar, O. K.S. & Harahap, A.B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 254, "width": 166, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2015). Teori Wacana . Jakarta: Penaku.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 57, "top": 57, "width": 326, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 196, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Nurul Fajri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 211, "width": 220, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "The Concept of Mahdī in Shī’ī Theology", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 234, "width": 53, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Syamsuri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 249, "width": 255, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Tradisionalisme sebagai Kritik terhadap Modernisme: Studi Pemikiran Frithjof Schuon", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 287, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 301, "width": 253, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 324, "width": 232, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Amsal Bakhtiar Eskatologi: Perspektif Agama dan Filsafat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 362, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Nanang Tahqiq", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 377, "width": 223, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "The Relation of Metaphysics to Political Theory in the Thought of al-Farabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 415, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Rd. Mulyadhi Kartanegara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 429, "width": 254, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Telaah Kritis terhadap Epistemologi Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 467, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Agus Darmaji", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 481, "width": 259, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jurgen Habermas: Kritik atas Rasionalisasi dan Materialisme Sejarah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 519, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Muslim Nasution", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 534, "width": 246, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Ibn Taimiya dan Pemikiran Kalam Mengenai Sifat Tuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 588, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Vol. 1, No. 3, Juni-Agustus 1999", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 151, "width": 282, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "JURNAL KAJIAN AGAMA DAN FILSAFAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 78, "width": 2, "height": 71, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "ISSN 021 5 -62 53", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 164, "top": 284, "width": 112, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 323, "width": 206, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 57, "width": 74, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 79, "width": 174, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jurnal Kajian Agama dan Filsafat ISSN 0215-6253", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 120, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Vol. 1, No. 3, Juni-Agustus 1999", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 148, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Penerbit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 159, "width": 190, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 181, "width": 101, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Pelindung Dekan Fakultas Ushuluddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 215, "width": 40, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Pelindung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 226, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Pudek I Fakultas Ushuluddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 248, "width": 70, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Dewan Redaksi M. Quraish Shihab Hamdani Anwar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 282, "width": 78, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Zainun Kamal Fakih Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 305, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "M. Din Syamsuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 316, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Kautsar Azhari Noer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 327, "width": 98, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Said Agil H. Al-Munawwar Amsal Bakhtiar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 362, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Pemimpin Redaksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 373, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Hamid Nasuhi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 395, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Anggota Redaksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 194, "top": 406, "width": 53, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Ismatu Ropi Dadi Darmadi Agus Darmaji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 452, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Sekretariat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 195, "top": 463, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Suzanti Ikhlas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 486, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Alamat Redaksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 496, "width": 181, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jl. Ir. H. Djuanda No. 95, Ciputat, Jakarta Selatan Telp. (021) 740 1925, 7440425 |", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 531, "width": 320, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jurnal Refleksi adalah jurnal tiga bulanan yang diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Ushuluddin IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Terbit pertama November 1998", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 300, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi menerima kontribusi tulisan berupa artikel, liputan akademik, laporan penelitian, dan tinjauan buku. Panjang tulisan minimal 10 halaman kuarto spasi ganda. Isi tulisan merupakan tanggung jawab penulis. Tulisan yang dimuat akan diberi honorarium.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Editorial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 125, "width": 32, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Articles", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 138, "width": 326, "height": 445, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "83 The Concept of Mahdī in Shī’ī Theology Nurul Fajri 97 Tradisionalisme sebagai Kritik terhadap Modernisme: Studi Pemikiran Frithjof Schuon Syamsuri 111 Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer Komaruddin Hidayat 119 Eskatologi: Perspektif Agama dan Filsafat Amsal Bakhtiar 129 The Relation of Metaphysics to Political Theory in the Thought of al-Farabi Nanang Tahqiq 149 Islamisasi Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Telaah Kritis terhadap Epistemologi Barat Rd. Mulyadhi Kartanegara 163 Jurgen Habermas: Kritik atas Rasionalisasi dan Materialisme Sejarah Agus Darmaji 177 Ibn Taimiya dan Pemikiran Kalam Mengenai Sifat Tuhan Muslim Nasution Book Review 189 Intelektual Muslim Baru yang Menetas Semasa Orde Baru Nanang Tahqiq Document 199 Kangen-kangenan Seperempat Abad: Reuni Ushuluddin IAIN Jakarta Dadi Darmadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 157, "top": 60, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 117, "width": 329, "height": 191, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "SIDANG PEMBACA , Refleksi kembali hadir ke hadapan sidang pembaca sekalian. Harus diakui bahwa penerbitan ini cukup terlambat. Kami harus berapologi bahwa berbagai persoalan yang sebenarnya teknikal seperti penambahan jumlah halaman dan penggunaan transliterasi yang konsisten, terus terang saja, menjadi salah-satu penyebab utama keterlambatan ini. Kedua hal teknis itu memang sepatutnya dianggap kemajuan dan layak disyukuri, mengingat volume artikel yang masuk dan keinginan untuk menjadikan jurnal ini sebagai jurnal yang primus interpares di antara jurnal-jurnal di IAIN selama ini harus juga diimbangi dengan kualitas seleksi dan editing yang mumpuni. Karena itu dengan banyak artikel yang masuk ditambah editing yang cukup melelahkan yang dilakukan di sela-sela tugas utama ke-fakultas-an, menambah panjang daftar alasan bagi keterlambatan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 329, "height": 187, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Beberapa artikel dihadirkan kepada pembaca pada edisi kali ini cukup beragam namun tetap konsisten dengan visi jurnal. Antara lain, beberapa artikel dalam kajian keislaman, seperti dua artikel berbahasa Inggris tentang konsep Mahdi dalam teologi Syi ’ ah, pemikiran al-Farabi tentang hubungan metafisika dan teori politik. Juga artikel kajian keislaman penting lainnya seperti pemikiran Ibn Taimiya tentang sifat Tuhan dan pentingnya Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan. Beberapa artikel berkenaan dengan kajian filsafat (agama) seperti kritik Frithjof Schuon terhadap modernisme, pandangan agama dan filsafat tentang eskatologi, serta kritik Jurgen Habermas terhadap rasionalisasi dan materialisme sejarah juga melengkapi edisi ketiga ini. Dan, terakhir, seperti biasa terdapat dua artikel tambahan yang menarik dalam rubrik akademika dan rehal. Selamat membaca.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 515, "width": 113, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jakarta, Desember 1999", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 350, "top": 545, "width": 35, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Redaksi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 186, "top": 63, "width": 68, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "EDITORIAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 144, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "111 | Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 269, "width": 305, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "PERKEMBANGAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM KONTEMPORER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 296, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 439, "width": 329, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "ara pengamat Barat khususnya sering-kali mengalami kesulitan un- tuk memberikan deskripsi mengenai wajah dunia Islam, termasuk format pemikiran dominan yang merepresentasikan mainstream gerakan Islam. Di abad-abad lalu, ketika cabang-cabang ilmu keislaman secara epistemologis menemukan formatnya, maka masing-masing ilmu bisa berkembang secara sektoral dan relatif otonom, meskipun pada uru- tannya telah menimbulkan kesombongan epistemologis sehingga menda- tangkan friksi dan krisis sosial. Tokoh-tokoh pemikir merasa bahwa bi- dangnya paling vital perannya sebagai penjaga iman dan penyelamat umat dari ancaman bahaya penyelewengan beragama. Para teolog berpandangan bahwa tanpa penalaran rasional maka kehendak Tuhan yang disampaikan P", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 37, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer | 112", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 329, "height": 217, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "melalui wahyu tidak akan bisa dipahami secara benar dan mendalam. Lebih jauh lagi klaim rasionalitas ini dikemukakan oleh para filosof yang sangat memuji akal sebagai anugerah Tuhan yang kedudukannya lebih tinggi ketimbang wahyu dalam memahami eksistensi Tuhan. Kemudian, para ahli hukum berkeyakinan bahwa inti ajaran Islam adalah aspek hukumnya mengingat manusia tidak mungkin hidup tertib dan selamat tanpa adanya hukum Tuhan. Itulah sebabnya, menurut alur logika ini, Tuhan berbicara sangat tegas perihal hukum dan kaidah hukum merupa- kan wajah nyata dari ajaran Islam untuk dipelihara dan ditegakkan. Tetapi dimensi fundamental Islam akan lain lagi ketika ditanyakan pada kaum Sufi. Bagi mereka ruh ajaran Islam yang paling lembut dan paling dalam adalah aspek spiritualnya. Tanpa pemahaman dan penghayatan tasawuf maka keberagamaan akan menjadi kering. Kaidah fikih dan aksioma teol- ogis maupun filosofis hanyalah produk penalaran diskursif yang tidak bisa menghubungkan seorang hamba dengan Tuhannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 329, "height": 261, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Demikianlah seterusnya, pertumbuhan cabang keilmuan dalam Islam pada urutannya telah melahirkan tokoh dengan para pengikutnya sehingga eksklusivisme mazhab dan aliran pemikiran pernah juga muncul dalam sejarah Islam. Sikap eksklusif ini semakin mengeras ketika memperoleh dukungan politik karena pihak penguasa sering-kali juga berkepentingan untuk memperoleh dukungan dari tokoh agama untuk memelihara status- quo ataupun untuk mengejar target politik tertentu. Pada masa abad pertengahan, konflik yang terjadi antar berbagai kubu pemikiran ini, teru- tama antara kaum fuqaha , mutakallimun dan tarekat, pernah didamaikan oleh al-Ghazali, sehingga oleh Montgomery Watt, al-Ghazali diposisikan sebagai ulama yang paling berpengaruh dalam Islam setelah Muhammad Rasulullah. Hanya saja menurut sebagian pengamat terapi al-Ghazali dengan ramuan unsur tasawufnya yang sangat dominan itu tak ubahnya seperti obat penenang over dosis sehingga mengakibatkan dinamika intel- ektual Islam tertidur. Baru beberapa abad kemudian tampil Ibn Rusyd yang mencoba menghidupkan kembali alam pikiran filsafat dengan cara mengkritik ulang al-Ghazali yang telah menyudutkan warisan Aristoteles sebagai pikiran sesat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 541, "width": 329, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Polemik di seputar pemikiran al-Ghazali dan Ibn Rusyd merupakan fenomena historis yang bermanfaat bagi kita untuk memetakan kecender- ungan pemikiran umat Islam dengan berbagai sebab dan akibatnya. Tentu saja dewasa ini persoalan yang berkembang lebih kompleks mengingat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "113 | Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 329, "height": 173, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "banyaknya variabel baru yang muncul sehingga untuk melakukan inter- pretasi dan rekonstruksi pemikiran kontemporer diperlukan ilmu bantu lain, termasuk kajian ekonomi, sosiologi dan politik, sebagaimana yang telah dilakukan antara lain oleh Hasan Hanafi dari Mesir, Mohammed Arkoun dari Aljazair, dan Fazlur Rahman dari Pakistan. Mereka ini ber- bicara Islam dengan melibatkan analisa filsafat, sosiologi dan antropologi secara mendalam sehingga Islam tidak saja didekati secara normatif melainkan juga wajah Islam sebagai produk sejarah dan sebagai realitas so- sial. Dengan kata lain, kalau kita menyebut nama Islam, kata ini masih perlu diberi batasan lagi, apakah yang kita maksud adalah Islam ideal-nor- matif, Islam aktual-historis, ataukah Islam-psikologis-interpretatif, dan se- terusnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 249, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Satu Islam Beragam Ekspresi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 264, "width": 329, "height": 143, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Memasuki era global, masyarakat semakin sadar akan pluralisme agama dan kompleksitas kehidupan di mana peran agama berkaitan langsung dengan bidang-bidang lainnya. Secara sosiologis kita semakin menyadari bahwa Islam adalah salah-satu saja dari sekian agama, ideologi, dan filsafat yang berkembang di muka bumi dan kesemuanya menawarkan nilai dan mengajukan klaim sebagai ajaran kebenaran yang menjanjikan jalan keselamatan. Oleh karenanya, pluralisme paham keagamaan dan ideologi ini sekaligus juga merupakan potensi konflik antar agama. Konflik itu akan semakin menguat dan bisa destruktif ketika kepentingan politik dan ekonomi suatu bangsa ingin menguasai yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 410, "width": 329, "height": 187, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Jadi, mau tidak mau semua ajaran agama akan terlibat dalam panggung kompetisi untuk survive dan kalau bisa menjadi pemenang dalam pergu- latan menawarkan keselamatan hidup, sementara konsep “keselamatan” dan “kebenaran” itu sendiri merupakan salah -satu agenda perdebatan yang tidak pernah selesai. Idealnya pluralitas agama itu bisa melahirkan suatu sinergi, yang satu memberikan nilai tambah dan memperkaya yang lain, tetapi disayangkan pluralitas agama sering-kali malah menjadi sumber konflik. Fenomena ini penting dikemukakan untuk menyadarkan kita bahwa agama selalu dihadapkan pada tantangan dan lebih dari itu ekspresi dan artikulasi keagamaan itu bersifat dinamis dan beragam sepanjang se- jarahnya, terlebih lagi nilai dan semangat Islam yang klaim-klaimnya meli- puti persoalan politik, ekonomi dan peradaban secara luas. Kita tentu saja sepakat dalam banyak hal mengenai ajaran dasar Islam, misalnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 37, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer | 114", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 329, "height": 450, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "menyangkut Rukun Islam dan Rukun Iman yang bersifat vertikal. Tetapi kalau sudah sampai pada pelaksanaan, maka beragam interpretasi, kendala dan keragaman visi akan muncul sehingga artikulasi Islam secara intel- ektual dan kultural sangat beragam mengingat sebuah ajaran agama ketika masuk ke dalam wilayah baru selalu melakukan kompromi-kompromi dan berkembang secara gradual. Ini berarti bahwa warisan ilmu keislaman yang kita warisi dari pendahulu kita pun sudah pasti memiliki keterkaitan dengan semangat zaman dan wilayah. Misalnya saja, perkembangan intel- ektual Islam di abad lalu tidak bisa dipisahkan dari sentuhannya dengan peradaban Yunani, terutama dalam bidang pemikiran filsafat dan teologi. Memasuki zaman modern, sentuhan Islam dengan Barat secara signifikan telah mendorong munculnya wacana keislaman yang sangat berbeda dari paradigma keislaman di Abad Tengah. Meskipun dalam al-Qur ’ an ter- dapat nilai-nilai kemodernan dan kemanusiaan yang bersifat universal, misalnya soal HAM, demokrasi, emansipasi wanita, ethos kerja, prinsip efisiensi dan lain sebagainya namun tema-tema tersebut muncul ke per- mukaan sebagai wacana yang serius ketika umat Islam bertemu dengan Barat. Jadi, sejarah menunjukkan bahwa sejak awal sesungguhnya maju- mundurnya Islam sering-kali karena adanya tekanan dari luar. Sekarang ini yang kita temui bukan saja tekanan politik ataupun ekonomi, lebih dari itu dalam bidang keilmuan dan etika sosial kita sulit untuk menunjukkan lagi kekhasan Islam secara eksklusif dan distingtif. Bahkan realitas sosial menunjukkan bahwa perilaku sosial serta etika masyarakat non-muslim sedangkan justru lebih baik ketimbang umat Islam sendiri. Jika fenomena ini dikaitkan dengan judul tulisan ini, pertanyaan yang muncul antara lain ialah, pemikiran filsafat dan. teologi Islam yang bagaimanakah yang se- mestinya kita bangun? Bisakah konsep filsafat dan teologi abad lalu mem- berikan kontribusi yang bermakna bagi upaya menghadapi persoalan umat Islam dewasa ini? Terhadap pertanyaan ini beberapa pemikir menyatakan bahwa epistemologi Islam yang kita warisi dari Abad Tengah dalam berbagai aspeknya tidak lagi relevan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 527, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Teologi Emansipatoris", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 541, "width": 329, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Di kalangan para aktivis Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) dan fo- rum-forum diskusi kemahasiswaan terlihat suatu perkembangan baru da- lam memahami filsafat dan teologi. Mereka berpandangan bahwa produk pemikiran filsafat dan teologi Islam Abad Tengah kurang sekali memberi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "115 | Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 329, "height": 538, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "tempat pada persoalan sosial kemasyarakatan, melainkan lebih bersifat vertikal dan lebih menekankan pemikiran rasional-spekulatif, sebagaimana yang dominan pada warisan Aristotelianisme. Sedangkan aspek ritual dan sosial lalu didekati oleh kajian fikih yang cenderung legalistik, kurang menghargai pada pemikiran kritis-reflektif Pendekatan Islam yang bersifat partikular ini antara lain diakibatkan oleh kokohnya tradisi keilmuan Is- lam yang telah dibagi ke berbagai cabang, terutama: ilmu fikih, ilmu kalam, ilmu tasawuf, dan filsafat, di mana khazanah dan hukum Islam te- lah berkembang secara kokoh sehingga kita yang hidup sekarang ini lebih bermental “konsumen” atau pemakai ketimbang sebagai produsen. Hal ini menunjukkan betapa kreatifnya ulama-ulama masa lalu sehingga yang penting untuk kita hargai mestinya bukan hanya produknya melainkan etos kerjanya. Mohammed Arkoun berpendapat bahwa ulama yang se- makin dekat pada Rasulullah semakin kreatif, sementara semakin jauh cenderung menjadi “ makmum ” atau konsumen. Oleh karena itu, kata Arkoun, wacana keislaman di masa Rasul sangat hidup, dinamis dan ter- buka sebagaimana bisa dilihat pada figur Umar Ibn Khattab dan Ali. Tetapi sampai pada ulama-ulama mazhab nyang tumbuh belakangan wacana keislaman menjadi semakin final dan tertutup. Memasuki era global, muncul wacana baru yang melibatkan ilmu-ilmu sosial lintas disiplin dan lintas kultural, bahkan lintas agama, sehingga tema-tema keis- laman dewasa ini tidak hanya terfokus pada masalah yang telah mapan dalam ilmu keislaman tradisional, melainkan juga memberikan perhatian yang besar pada masalah-masalah sosial. Wacana keislaman yang berkem- bang akhir-akhir ini berusaha menangkap dan mengartikulasikan Islam se- bagai kekuatan emansipatoris, yaitu kekuatan kritik dan gerakan pem- bebasan dari hegemoni ideologi sekularisme-kapitalisme yang telah men- ciptakan kepincangan sosial. Pemikiran emansipatoris ini juga berkem- bang dalam teologi feminisme, sehingga tema-tema seputar emansipasi wanita dari dominasi kaum laki-laki maupun struktur ekonomi yang memberatkan warita merupakan sasaran kritik dari wacana keislaman yang tumbuh di kampus-kampus. Gerakan ini, kalau boleh dikatakan sebagai gerakan, mencoba mencari dasar-dasar teologis sebagai landasan aksi so- sial, sehingga muncullah seminar-seminar, riset dan buku yang mencoba melakukan dekonstruksi penafsiran ayat-ayat al-Qur ’ an yang telah diang- gap baku dan terdominasi oleh pendapat para mufasir laki-laki yang mem- ihak pada kepentingan yang cenderung partiarkal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 37, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer | 116", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 154, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Islam dan Tantangan Globalisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 73, "width": 329, "height": 305, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Proses globalisasi informasi yang didukung oleh teknologi modern ternyata telah melahirkan hubungan yang pincang antar berbagai negara dan bangsa. Siapa yang paling menguasai teknologi dan pusat-pusat jarin- gan informasi maka dialah yang akan memegang dominasi dan hegemoni dalam panggung percaturan global. Dalam hal ini bangsa Barat kelihatannya lebih unggul dan lebih agresif sehingga pada urutannya glob- alisasi bisa mengarah pada Westenisasi, baik dalam bidang politik maupun ekonomi. Setiap bangsa besar memiliki ambisi untuk melibat dirinya se- bagai “pusat dunia” ( Centre of the world ) dan kebanggaan ini secara positif bisa merupakan acuan historis, harga diri, inspirasi untuk membangun visi ke depan. Umat Islam, misalnya, sangat kuat ikatan dan kebanggaannya akan masa lalunya dan hal ini sangat positif bagi upaya menyongsong masa depan karena yakin bahwa Islam ternyata pernah dibuktikan dalam sejarah sebagai sebuah paradigma sosial, politik, agama, untuk mengatur sebuah dunia yang besar. Namun begitu perlu juga disadari bahwa setiap bangsa besar, seperti Cina, India, Eropa maupun Amerika juga memiliki keya- kinan diri, harapan dan kekuatan untuk mengambil peran besar dalam se- jarah di masa depan. Dengan begitu, Islam pada era global adalah Islam yang akan diperhadapkan secara langsung dengan tantangan dan kekuatan luar yang semuanya memiliki record dalam membangun sejarah perada- ban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 380, "width": 329, "height": 217, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Dalam menghadapi berbagai agenda besar yang menghadang ini maka sesungguhnya peran filsafat dan teolog menjadi sangat penting, hanya saja yang diperlukan ialah sebuah pemikiran filsafat dan teologi yang kontekstual, yang terlibat secara intens untuk mendialogkan hal-bal yang empiris, yang menyangkut nasib peradaban manusia, khususnya dunia Is- lam. Filsafat maupun teologi sejak awal kelahirannya merupakan respons terhadap persoalan yang dihadapi umat Islam. Dengan begitu, visi, seman- gat dan pemikiran filsafat dan teologi untuk konteks zaman ini haruslah yang berorientasi pada pemecahan problem sosial serta antisipasi untuk memasuki era globalisme. Jika kita cermati krisis yang tengah melanda In- donesia maka akan segera terlihat bahwa khazanah keilmuan Islam se- bagaimana yang tercermin dalam respons ulama terhadap problem yang ada terbentang jarak yang jauh, pada hal pihak yang paling dirugikan oleh krisis ini adalah umat Islam sendiri. Ini disebabkan antara lain oleh wawa- san keislaman yang kurang memiliki dukungan ilmu sosial sehingga visi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "117 | Komaruddin Hidayat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 326, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "yang dikemukakan cenderung bersifat legalistik-ritualistik dengan pen- dekatan deduktif-normatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 37, "width": 156, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Perkembangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer | 118", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 622, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Refleksi Vol. 1, No. 3 Juni-Agustus (1999)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 73, "width": 332, "height": 129, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Arkoun, Mohammad, Nalar Islami dan Nalar Modern: Berbagai Tan- tangan dan Jalan Baru , terj. Rahayu S. Hidayat, Jakarta: INIS: 1994. Hodgson, Marshal G.S., The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974. Butt, Nasim, Science and Muslim Societies , London: Grey Seal Book, 1991. Grunebraum, Gustav von, Unity and Variety in Muslim Civilization , Chi- cago: University of Chicago Press, 1955. Fischer, Michael M.J. and Abedi, Mehdi, Debating Muslim: Cultural Di- alogues in Postmodernism and Tradition , Madison: The University of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 205, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Wincosin Press, 1990.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 510, "width": 329, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "Komaruddin Hidayat, dosen Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Pascasarjana IAIN Jakarta. Kini ia adalah Direktur Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam (Ditperta) Departemen Agama RI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 553, "width": 75, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "ISSN 0215-6253 (print)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 295, "top": 553, "width": 80, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 439, "page_height": 666, "text": "ISSN 2714-6103 (online)", "type": "Caption" } ]

[ { "left": 91, "top": 809, "width": 435, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Nasional, Budaya Politik, dan Partisipasi Publik – Muslimin dan Sorni Paskah Daeli | 161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 146, "top": 74, "width": 310, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPEMIMPINAN NASIONAL, BUDAYA POLITIK, DAN PARTISIPASI PUBLIK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 154, "top": 113, "width": 290, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NATIONAL LEADERSHIP, POLITICS CULTURE, AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 150, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muslimin 1 dan Sorni Paskah Daeli 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 161, "width": 206, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Center for Policy Analysis (CEPSIS) Makassar Komp.Graha Sentosa Sudiang Blok B/34, Makassar e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 195, "width": 283, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kementerian Dalam Negeri Jalan Kramat Raya No. 132, Senen – Jakarta Pusat e-mail : [email protected] Diterima: 4 Juli 2012; direvisi: 26 Juli 2012; disetujui: 10 Agustus 2012", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 267, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 277, "width": 399, "height": 75, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gagasan baru mengenai sosok kepemimpinan tahun 2014. Wacana yang muncul saat ini hanya terkesan bagi-bagi kekuasaan antara satu partai dan partai lainya dalam satu koalisi, sementara perdebatan tentang cita-cita nasional masih menempati ruang-ruang sempit. Pertarungan gagasan-gagasan besar seharusnya yang harus dijadikan budaya politik dalam setiap kegiatan politik seperti pemilu. Sehingga kesan pemilu hanya kepentingan segelintir orang yang mengakibatkan merebaknya apatisme politik dalam bentuk golongan putih dapat dihindari dan berubah menjadi partisipasi politik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 354, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : kepemimpinan, gagasan, politik, pemilu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 376, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 387, "width": 399, "height": 63, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This paper aims to provide new ideas about leadership figure in 2014. The discourse that emerged today only seem to divide power between the parties and other parties in a coalition, while the debate about national ideals still occupy cramped spaces. The fight should have great ideas that should be a political culture in any political events such as elections. So the impression only the interests of the few elections that resulted in widespread political apathy in the form of white group can be avoided and turned into political participation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 452, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: leadership, ideas, politics, elections.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 486, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 509, "width": 217, "height": 90, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi publik dalam perspektif ilmu politik merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting dan tidak bisa dipisahkan karena terkait dengan legalitas kontrak politik antara pemimpin politik dengan publik. Partisipasi publik tercermin dari keikutsertaan rakyat memberikan suaranya pada fase pelaksanaan pemilihan umum digelar maupun pada fase pembuatan kebijakan publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 601, "width": 217, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat partisipasi publik dalam politik akan sangat menentukan tingkat aspirasi rakyat dalam menentukan pemimpin-pemimpin politik. Partisipasi publik yang rendah dapat menyebabkan rendahnya pula tingkat keabsahan seseorang yang terpilih menjadi pemimpin politik, sebaliknya partisipasi publik yang tinggi berarti pemimpin politik yang bersangkutan memiliki tingkat keabsahan yang tinggi pula sebagai pengemban amanah suara rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 217, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi publik dan partisipasi politik dalam pembahasan ini merupakan satu kesatuan. Konsep partisipasi publik selama ini banyak digunakan dalam literatur ilmu administrasi publik, sementara partisipasi politik adalah konsep genuine dari ilmu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 486, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "politik. Meski memiliki perbedaan cabang ilmu, tetapi dalam konteks tulisan ini akan digunakan secara bergantian tanpa membedakan maknanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 521, "width": 217, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebelum membahas pengertian partisipasi publik, terlebih dahulu dikupas pengertian ”publik”. Secara umum publik diartikan sebagai semua warga negara non pemerintah. Dalam literatur pelibatan publik, kelompok yang perlu dilibatkan dinyatakan sebagai publik relevan. Thomas J Clayton (1995) menyatakan bahwa publik relevan terhadap suatu isu adalah semua representasi group atau individu masyarakat, baik yang terorganisir maupun tidak terorganisir, sebagai publik yang dapat menyediakan informasi yang dapat digunakan untuk penyelesaian suatu isu (Putra, 2005:35).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 659, "width": 217, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam perspektif ilmu administrasi publik, konsep partisipasi publik lebih banyak dikaitkan dengan konsep governance atau good governance . Lembaga internasional yang pertama kali mempopulerkan istilah governance adalah Bank Dunia melalui publikasinya yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1992 berjudul Governance and Development . Defenisi Governance menurut Bank Dunia adalah ”… the manner is which power is exercised in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 809, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "162 | Jurnal Bina Praja | Volume 4 No. 3 September 2012 | 161 - 168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "management of a countrie’s social and economic resources for development ”. Sedang lembaga internasional lainnya seperti Asia Development Bank (ADB) mengartikulasikan 4 (empat) elemen esensial dari good governance yaitu accountability, participation, predictability and transparency . Sementara pendapat lain menyebutkan bahwa Garry Stocker (1998) sebagai penggagas pertama Good Governance dengan konsepnya “ Five Proposotion ”. Konsep tersebut adalah: (1) pemanfaatan seperangkat institusi dan aktor, baik dalam maupun luar pemerintahan; (2) menyatu- padunya kekuatan pemerintah, sektor swasta dan masyarakat; (3) kesalingtergantungan antara ketiga kekuatan tersebut; (4) terbentuknya jaringan tersendiri antara ketiga kekuatan tersebut; dan (5) pemerintah cukup sebagai catalytic agent yang memberikan arahan, tidak perlu menjalankan sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 217, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prof. Sadu Wasistiono juga mengaitkan istilah “Partisipasi” dengan good governance dengan merujuk pada good governance versi UNDP yang memiliki 9 karakteristik yakni: participation, rule of law, transparency, responsiveness, concensus orientation, equity, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability, strategic vision . Dari karakteristik tersebut, kemudian Prof Sadu memberi batasan tentang partisipasi: sebagai pemilik kedaulatan, setiap warga negara mempunyai hak dan kewajiban untuk mengambil bagian dalam proses bernegara, berpemerintahan dan bermasyarakat. Partisipasi tersebut dapat dilakukan secara langsung maupun melalui institusi mediasi seperti DPRD, LSM dan sebagainya. Partisipasi yang diberikan dapat terbentuk buha pikiran, dana, tenaga maupun bentuk-bentuk lainnya yang bermanfaat. Partisipasi warga negara dilakukan tidak hanya pada tahapan implementasi, tetapi secaar menyeluruh mulai dari tahapan penyusunan kebijakan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi serta pemanfaatan hasil-hasilnya (Wasistiono, 2005:57).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 522, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prof Sadu juga memberi syarat utama warga negara berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan berbangsa, bernegara dan berpemerintahan yaitu: (1) ada rasa kesukarelaan (tanpa paksaan); (2) ada keterlibatan secara emosional; (3) mmemperoleh manfaat secara langusng maupun tidak langsung dari keterlibatannya (Ibid, hal. 51-63).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 217, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demikian halnya dengan S.H. Sarundajang yang jug amengacu pada UNDP dan lembaga internasional tentang good governance menyebut 10 prinsip good governance yakni: partisipasi, penegakan hukum, transparansi, kesetaraan, daya tanggap, wawasaan ke depan, akuntabilitas, pengawasan, efesiensi dan efektifitas dan profesionalisme (Sarundajang, 2005:275-280).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 217, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep partisipasi dalam konteks ini menurut Sarundajang adalah bahwa partisipasi mendorong setiap warga untuk mempergunakan hak dalam menyampaikan pendapat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan yang menyangkut kepentingan masyarakat, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi itu dimaksudkan untuk menjamin agar setiap kebijakan yang diambil mencerminkan aspirasi masyarakat. Dalam rangka mengantisipasi berbagai isu, pemerintah daerah menyediakan saluran komunikasi agar masyarakat dapat mengutarakan pendapatnya. Jalur komunikasi itu meliputi pertemuan umum, temu wicara, konsultasi dan penyampaian pendapat secara tertulis. Bentuk lain untuk merangsang keterlibatan masyarakat adalah melalui perencanaan partisipatif untuk menyiapkan agenda pembangunan, pemantauan, evaluasi dan pengawasan secara partisipatif dan mekanisme konsultasi untuk menyelesaikan isu sektoral (Ibid. hal. 275-6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 223, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hetifah Sumarto, governance diartikan sebagai mekanisme praktek dan tata cara pemerintah dan warga mengatur sumber daya serta memecahkan masalah-masalah publik. Dalam konsep governance , pemerintah hanya menjadi salah satu aktor dan tidak selalu menjadi aktor paling menentukan. Governance menuntut redefenisi peran negara, dan berarti adanya redefenisi pula pada peran warga. Ada tuntutan yang lebih besar pada warga, antara lain untuk memonitor akuntabilitas pemerintah itu sendiri (Sumarto, 2003:1-2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 349, "width": 217, "height": 228, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah defenisi lain tentang partisipasi publik diberikan Migley (dalam Muluk, 2007:48-49) yang mengacu pada Resolusi PBB pada awal tahun 1970- an. Dalam resolusi tersbeut, partisipasi publik (biasa juga disebut dengan partisipasi masyarakat) berkonotasi ” the direct involvement of ordinary people in local affairs ”. Resolusi ini menyatakan bahwa partisipasi membutuhkan keterlibatan orang-orang secara sukarela dan demokratis dalam hal: (a) sumbangsihnya terhadap usaha pembangunan, (b) penerimaan manfaat secara merata, (c) pengambilan keputusan yang menyangkut penentuan tujuan, perumusan kebijakan dan perencanaan serta penerapan program pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi. Mengacu pada pandangan ini, partisipasi dapat dibedakan menjadi dua hal: partisipasi otentik (authentic participation) yang merujuk pada terpenuhinya ketiga kriteria tersebut. Jika criteria tersebut tidak dipenuhi seluruhnya maka hal ini akan disebut partisipasi semu (pseudo-participation).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 579, "width": 217, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi publik dalam proses kebijakan publik adalah keterlibatan masyarkat dalam forum pengambilan keputusan dan bukannya sebatas dengan pendapat ataupun konsultasi semata. Hal inilah yang dimaksud Charles Lindbloom sebagai Partisan Mutual Adjusment (PMA) yaitu penyesuaian pandangan kebijakan dengan realitas yang berjalan, serta pada proses negosiasi antar kepentingan dari para stakeholder kebijakan (Putra, 2005:36).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 683, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan partisipasi publik, yang ingin dicapai sesungguhnya adalah transparansi dalam proses kebijakan publik. Akuntabilitas, transparansi dan partisipasi adalah prinsip yang tidak dapat berjalan sendiri-sendiri, ada hubungan yang sangat erat dan saling mempengaruhi. Masing-masing adalah instrument yang diperlukan untuk mencapai prinsip", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 809, "width": 435, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Nasional, Budaya Politik, dan Partisipasi Publik – Muslimin dan Sorni Paskah Daeli | 163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang lainnya, dan ketiganya adalah instrument yang diperlukan untuk mencapai manajemen publik yang baik (Ibid.).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 217, "height": 273, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Operasionalisasi konsep partisipasi menurut konsep Lembaga Administrasi Negara (LAN) adalah : (1) tindakan bersama (collective action). Keinginan pemerintah untuk memonopoli proses kebijakan publik dan dalam melaksanakannya harus ditinggalkan dan diarahkan kepada proses kebijakan yang lebih inklusif, demokratis dan partisipatif; (2) Masing-masing aktor akan berinteraksi dan saling memberikan pengaruh (mutually inclusive). Kebijakan publik yang paling efektif dari sudut pandang teori governance adalah produk sinergi interaksional dari beragam aktor atau institusi; (3) Governance as a socio cybernetic system , artinya dampak hasil kepemerintahan (kebijakan pemerintah) bukanlah produk dari apa yang dilakukan (tindakan ) pemerintah pusat melainkan keseluruhan produk (the total effect) dari intervensi dan interaksi dari banyak aktor (pemerintah, legislatif, LSM, swasta, masyarakat dan sebagainya) dalam menangani masalah-masalah sosial, politik dan ekonomi, dan sebagainya; (4) peran pemerintah cukup sebagai “ catalytic agent ”, “ enabler ” dan “ commissioner ”, yang memberikan arahan (more steering) dan tidak perlu menjalankan sendiri (less rowing) proses kebijakan publik (ibid, hal. 75-81).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 217, "height": 193, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hampir semua pakar ilmu politik kenamaan memberikan batasan tentang partisipasi politik, seperti Norman H Nie dan Sidney Verba, Samuel Huntington dan Joan M. Nelson, dan Mirriam Budiardjo. Menurut Nie dan Verba, partisipasi politik adalah kegiatan pribadi warganegara yang legal yang sedikit banyak langsung bertujuan untuk mempengaruhi seleksi pejabat-pejabat negara dan atau tindakan-tindakan yang diambil oleh mereka. Sementara itu Huntington dan Nelson memberi batasan tentang partisipasi politik sebagai kegiatan warga negara yang bertindak sebagai pribadi-pribadi, yang dimaksud untuk mempengaruhi pembuatan keputusan oleh pemerintah. Partisipasi bisa bersifat individual atau kolektif, terorganisir atau spontan, mantap atau sporadis, secara damai atau dengan kekerasan, legal atau illegal, efektif atau tidak efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 579, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lain halnya dengan pakar ilmu politik Indonesia, Mirriam Budiarjo. Menurut guru besar FISIP UI tersebut, partisipasi politik adalah seseorang atau sekelompok orang untuk ikut serta secara aktif dalam kegiatan politik, yaitu dengan jalan memilih pimpinan negara dan secara langsung atau tidak langsung mempengaruhi kebijakan pemerintah ( public policy ). Kegiatan ini mencakup tindakan seperti memberikan suara dalam pemilihan umum, menghadiri rapat umum, menjadi anggota suatu partai politik atau kelompok kepentingan, mengadakan hubungan dengan pejabat pemerintah atau anggota parlemen dan sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 729, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merujuk pada Huntington dan Nelson (dalam Pahlevi, 2005:102-103), ada empat model dalam menghubungkan partisipasi politik dengan variabel-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "variabel pembangunan yakni : model borjuis, model otokratis, model populis dan model teknokratis. Pada model pertama, terdapat dua pilihan perluasan partisipasi : tahap perluasan partisipasi politik yang diperuntukkan kepada kelas menengah di daerah perkotaan, kemudian perluasan partisipasi kepada golongan rendah di kota dan pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 154, "width": 219, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada model otokratis kekuasaan di pusatkan dan partisipasi politik golongan menengah ditindas, pertumbuhan ekonomi ditingkatkan dan pemerataan sosial ekonomi digairahkan sebagai upaya memperoleh dukungan dari golongan rendah. Sedang model teknokratis memiliki ciri utama adalah partisipasi politik yang rendah, penanaman modal (khususnya asing) dan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan meningkatnya keitmbapngan pendapatan. Model ini mengasumsikan partisipasi politik perlu ditekan minimal untuk sementara guna menggairahkan pembangunan ekonomi. Sedang model populis kebalikan dari model teknokratis dimana tingkat partisipasi politik tinggi yang diikuti dengan perluasan kebijakan jaminan dan kesejahteraan sosial. Efeknya adalah adanya peningkatan konflik sosial dan polarisasi dalam masyarakat untuk memperoleh ”kue ekonomi”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 361, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks partisipasi politik tipikal sistem politik Indonesia, dikenal satu kelompok yang tidak memberikan partisipasi politik secara sadar yakni golongan putih (golput). Istilah ini sangat kental pada masa Orde Baru yang dikenal sebagai rezim otoritarian. Keberadaan golput pada masa Orde Baru selalu dikaitkan sebagai bentuk resistensi masyarakat kelas menengah terpelajar terhadap praktek otoritarian yang dipraktekkan pemerintah Orde Baru dibawah tokoh sentral Presiden Soeharto yang memerintah selama tiga dekade sejak 1968-1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 487, "width": 217, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fenomena golput masih terjadi dalam era pasca Orde Baru, meski kondisi politik telah berubah drastis dimana telah terjadi liberalisasi politik terjadi yang berdampak pada partisipasi politik yang berlangsung massif bahkan destruktif pada beberapa kasus. Tabel dibawah ini membuktikan bahwa pada Pemilu 2004 masih terjadi aksi golput di kalangan masyarakat pemilih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 579, "width": 217, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat partisipasi pemilih juga dipengaruhi oleh para kandidat yang bertarung karena terkait dengan etnisitas, golongan politik dan golongan agama. Dibading ketiga kalsifikasi sosial diatas, kesamaan etnis jauh lebih berpengaruh dibanding golongan politik dan golongan agama. Apalagi golongan agama, selama ini semua kandidat presiden adalah menganut agama Islam yang menjadi agama mayoritas rakyat Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 683, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa survei dan polling digelar berkaitan dengan pemilihan presiden (pilpres) 2009 mendatang. Salah satu survei terbaru adalah survei politik yang digelar Lembaga Survei Nasional (LSN) yang dipimpin Umar S Bakry. Hasil survei yang paling menyolok adalah keunggulan SBY (50,0%) bila berpasangan dengan Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 809, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "164 | Jurnal Bina Praja | Volume 4 No. 3 September 2012 | 161 - 168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibanding bila SBY (43,8%) mempertahankan duet dengan Jusuf Kalla (JK). Survei yang dilakukan selama bulan Januari-Februari tersebut memiliki responden sebanyak 2.178 dengan menggunakan metode penarikan sampel multistage random sampling dengan margin error 2.1%, pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Teknik pengumpulan data adaah wawancara tatap muka dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Selain itu, survei LSN juga menanyakan tokoh alternatif kepada responden dan hasilnya adalah Sri Sultan menempati tempat teratas dengan dukungan (14,7%), kemudian Prabowo Subianto (7,7%) dan Sutiyoso (5,4%) (Sindo, 26 Maret 2008 hal. 6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 219, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Survei politik sebelumnya pernah dilakukan Lembaga Survei Indonesia pada Januari 2008 dengan komposisi: Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (34%), Megawati Soekarnoputri (24%), Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono (7%), Wiranto (4%), Amien Rais (3%), Jusuf Kalla (2%) dan Sutiyoso 2%). Angka tujuh persen bagi Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X kurang lebih sama dengan popularitas SBY setahun sebelum pemilihan presiden 2004. Menurut Lembaga ini, Sri Sultan berpeluang menang pada 2009 (Majalah Tempo, Edisi 30 Maret 2008, hal.27-28).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 217, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementra itu, pada Oktober 2007 jajak pendapat yang dilakukan Lembaga Survei Indonesia menemukan bahwa mayoruitas pemilih (49,5%) masih mengingingkan SBY sebagai presiden berikutnya (2009-2014), sementara yang tidak menginginkan 33,4%, dan tidak tahu/tidak menjawab 17,1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 217, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meski SBY masih banyak diunggulkan oleh pemilih, survei Indo Barometer yang dipimpin M Qodari menunjukkan SBY yang pernah menjadi President Idol pada pilpres 2004 lalu menunjukkan penurunan popularitas. Popularitas SBY dibawah 50% dapat menjadi lampu kuning bagi SBY. Jika pulbik mendapatkan figur alternatif, maka dapat menjadi batu sandungan bagi SBY pada pilpres 2009 mendatang. Dari sejumlah nama yang muncul sekarang iini seperti Megwati dan Wiranto masih merupakan ”stok lama” sehingga SBY masih diatas angin. Figur-figur alternatif seperti Sri Sultan Hamengkubowono X dan Sutiyoso dapat menjadi figur alternatif pesaing SBY pada pilpres 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 217, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calon presiden (capres) yang paling dikenal menurut Indobarometer pada survei November- Desember 2007 adalah SBY (97,7%) dan Megawati (97,4%) sementara Wiranto (79,8%) dan Sutiyoso", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 211, "width": 217, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(63,9%). Sementara tingkat kesukaan pada capres yang tertinggi pada SBY (89,2%) dan Megawati (82,7%) sementara Wiranto (75,4%) dan Sutiyoso (69,2%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 257, "width": 217, "height": 193, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Survei lain yang dapat menjadi bahan diskusi adalah survei yang dilakukan Pusat Studi Demokrasi dan HAM (Pusdeham) yang dilakukan pada Agustus- September 2007. Temuan survei tersebut adalah responen yang memilih pasangan SBY-JK pada pilpres 2004 lalu hanya 26% yang memastikan akan memilih kembali pasangan ini (incumbent) pada pilpres 2009, sementara 36% responden yang memilih SBY-JK pada putaran pertama Pilpres 2004 yang kembali memastikan memilih incumbent. Sementara pemilih terhadap Megawati Sukarno Putri tergolong loyal karena respondne yang memilih putri pertama Bung Karno tersebut sebanyak 47% sudah menyatakan akan kembali memilih Megawati pada pilpres 2009. Namun demikian, ternyata publik tetap merindukan hadirnya pemimpin baru/calon alternatif yang ditunjukkan oleh responden yang mencapai 70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 453, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu survei yang dilakukan pada Februari 2007 oleh Lingkaran Survei Indonesia yang dipimpin Denny J.A. menunjukkan pesimisme publik atas pemerintahan SBY-JK. Kinerja pemerintahan SBY-JK hanya diapresiasi oleh publik pada bidang keamanan, sementara bidang ekonomi tingkat kepuasan publik hanya 29,7%. Penilaian buruk dibidang ekonomi pemeirntahan SBY-JK justru datang dari pemilih Partai Demokrat (51%) dan Partai Gokar (45,1%). Sedang bidang pemberantasan korupsi yang pernah membawa hasil postifi pada tahun pertama pemerintahan SBY-JK sebesar 97,9%, kini hanya diapresiasi positif oleh 33,3% publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 602, "width": 217, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan tingkat popularitas SBY berdasarkan beberapa survei berkorelasi postifi dengan kemorosotan tingkat kepercayaan publik pada kinerja pemerinahan. Ketidakpercayaan pada pemerintahan SBY dapat diartikan sebagai delegitimasi pada satu sisi, sedang pada sisi lain dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi bagi SBY untuk menggenjot kinerjanya dalam sisa masa pemerintahannya agar lebih mendapat apresiasi dari publik. Dagradasi kepercayaan publik pada pemerintahan SBY karena beberapa kebijakan instan yang anti populis seperti kebijakan bidang energi menyangkut subsidi BBM yang banyak mendatangkan keresahan masyarakat luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 78, "width": 296, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Jumlah Pemilih, Suara Sah dan Golput pada Pemilu Legislatif 2004", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 129, "top": 99, "width": 336, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identifikasi Jumlah Persentase (%) Penduduk 216.948.359 100 Pemilih terdaftar 148.000.369 68,22 Pemilih Terdaftar yang Tidak Menggunakan Hak Pilih 23.580.030 15,93 Pemilih Sah yang Menggunakan Hak Pilih 124.420.339 84.07 Suara Sah 113.462.414 91,19 Suara Tidak Sah 10.957.925 8,81 Golput 34.537.955 23,34", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 122, "top": 183, "width": 111, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Kompas, 6 Mei 2004", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 809, "width": 435, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Nasional, Budaya Politik, dan Partisipasi Publik – Muslimin dan Sorni Paskah Daeli | 165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 97, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profil Kandidat Presiden 2009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 217, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono Meski terjadi penurunan popularitas, ekspektasi publik terhadap SBY masih lebih tinggi dibanding capres-capres lainnya seprti ditunjukkan survei Indo Barometer sebesar 49,5%, sementara yang tidak menginginkan hanya 33,4%. Bagi partai Demokrat, ketokohan SBY masih yang terbaik sehingga dapat diprediksi akan tetap menjadikannya sosok kandidat presiden bagi Partai yang baru ”seumur jagung” tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 217, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SBY adalah lulusan terbaik Akabri 1973 dengan menerima penghargaan Adhi Makasaya yang satu angkatan dengan Prabowo Subianto, Agus Wirahadikusumah dan Ryamizard Ryacudu. Lahir di Pacitan, Jawa Timur, 19 September 1949 adalah tunggal dari pasangan Raden Sukotjo dan Siti Habibah. Setelah lulus SMA pada ahir 1968, SBY tidak langsung masuk AKABRI yang menjadi cita- citanya sejak masa kecil tetapi sempat menjadi mahasiswa Teknik Mesin pada Institut Teknologi 10 November (ITS) Surabaya. Pada 1970, SBY muda diterima di Akabri Magelang, Jawa Tengah setelah dinyatakan lulus pada ujian akhir penerimaan di Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan militernya di luar negeri adalah di Airbone and Ranger Course di Fort Benning, Georgia, AS pada 1976, Infantry Officer Advanced Course di tempat yang sama pada 1982-1983 dengan meraih honor graduate. Kemudian Jungle Warffare Training di Panama pada 1983, Anti Tank Weapon Course di Belgia dan Jerman pada 1984, Command and general Staff College di Fort Leavenworth, di Kansas, AS pada 1990-1991. Sementara didalam negeri adalah mengikuti Kursus Komandan Batalyon di Bandung pada 1985, Seskoad di Bandung pada 1988-1989.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 217, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jabatan pertamanya adalah Dan Tonpan Yonif Linud 330 Kostrad sebagai Komandan Peleton III di Kompi Senapan A, Batalyon Infantri Lintas Udara 330 Tri Darma Kostrad pada tahun 1974-1976 dengan membawahi langsung sekitar 30 prajurit. SBY memimpin peleton ini bertempur ke Timor Timur. Sepulang dari Timor Timur, SBY menjadi Konadan Peleton Mortir 81 Yonif Linud 330 Kostrad pada 1977, setelah itu ditempatkan sebagai Pasi-2/Ops Mabrigif Linud 17 Kujang I Kostrad pada 1977-1978, Dan Kipan Yonif Linud 330 Kostrad pada 1979-1981 dan Paban Muda Sops SUAD pada 1981-1982.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 217, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika bertugas di Mabes TNI AD, SBY mendapat kesempatan sekolah ke AS yakni mengikuti Infantry Officer Advanced Course pada 1982-1983 di Fort Benning sekaligus praktek on the job training di 82-nd Airbone Division, Fort Bragg, AS pada 1983. pada 1983-1985, SBY menjabat sebagai Komandan Sekolah Pelatih Infantri. Pada 1989-1992 sempat menjadi dosen Seskoad dan ditempatkan pada Dinas Penerangan TNI AD dengan tuggas antara lain membuat naskah pidato KSAD Jenderal Edi Sudrajat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika Edy Sudrajat menjadi Panglima ABRI, SBY ditarik ke Mabes ABRI sebagai Koordinator Staf Pribadi Pangab pada 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 108, "width": 217, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada 1993-1994, SBY kembali bertugas ke kesatuan tempur sebagai Komandan Brigade Linud 17 KujangI/Kostrad bersama dengan Letkol Ryamizard Ryacudu. Kemudian pada 1994 menjabat Asops Kodam Jaya dan Danrem 072/Pamungkas Kodam IV/Diponegoro pada 1995. pada tahun ini juga SBY ditugaskan ke Bosnia Herzegovina menjadi perwira PBB sebagai Kepala Pengamat Militer PBB (Chief Military Observer Nation Protection Force) yang bertugas mengawasi genjatan senjata di bekas negara Yugoslavia berdasarkan kesepakatan Dayton, AS antara Serbia, Kroasia dan Bosnia Herzegovina. Setelah kembali dari Bosnia, menjabat Kepala Staf Kodam Jaya pada 1996 dan menjadi Pangdam II/Sriwijaya pada 1996-1997 sekaligus Ketua Bakorstanasda. Pada 1998-1999 menjabat Kepala Staf Teritorial (Kaster ABRI sekaligus Ketua Fraksi ABRI MPR pada Sidang Istimewa MPR 1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 315, "width": 217, "height": 216, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karir politik pertamanya pada 27 Januari 2000 ketika dipercayakan sebagai Menteri Pertambangan dan Energi dalam kabinet masa pemerintahan KH Abdurrahman Wahid. Kemudian SBY dipindahkan menjabat Menko Polkam pada 10 Agustus 2001. Pada masa pemerintahan Megawati, SBY tetap dipercayakan menjabat Menko Polkam dan mengundurkan diri pada 11 Maret 2004 agar dapat leluasa menjalankan hak politiknya diantaranya mendirikan Partai Demokrat yang akan menjadi kendaraan politiknya menuju kursi RI 1. pada pilpres 2004, pasangan SBY-JK terpilih sebagai pemenang pilpres yang digelar secara langsnung dan mulai bertugas pada 20 Oktober 2004. pada 2005, SBY mendapat julukan sebagai Indoensia’s Crisis Manager dari majalah ekonomi Businessweek Edisi 11 Juli dan menduduki urutan pertama diantara 25 pemimpin yang paling berpengaruh di kawasan Asia (Sindo, 13/01/2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 533, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pemilu presiden 2009, SBY memilih menggandeng Boediono, seorang dari kalangan profesional menjadi cawapres dan memilih meninggalkan JK yang telah berhasil mendongkrak popularitasnya selama lima tahun terakhir. JK yang telah berhasil menyelesaikan agenda pemerintahan SBY justru dijadikan seteru, sehingga Partai Golkar memilih mengusung sendiri ketua umumnya sebagai calon presiden dan siap berhadap-hadapan dengan SBY dan mitra koalisinya yakni PD, PKB, PKS dan PAN serta 19 partai kecil lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 671, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Jusuf Kalla", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 683, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meski belum menyatakan secara resmi akan menjadi calon presiden pada pilpres 2009, JK banyak dipersepsikan akan menjadi capres karena merupakan pemenang pemilu legislatif dan meraih suara terbesar. Keberadaan Partai golkar sebagai pemenang pemilu legislatif 2004 lalu menjadikannya sebagai pemilik suara terbesar di DPR. Berbagai survei politik juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 809, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "166 | Jurnal Bina Praja | Volume 4 No. 3 September 2012 | 161 - 168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tetap menempatkan JK sebagai kandidat presiden yang layak diperhitungkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jusuf Kalla (JK) dibesarkan didalam keluarga Nahdiyin, lahir Watampone, Kabupaten Bone, Sulawesi Selatan pada 15 Mei 1942. JK adalah putra kedua dari 17 bersaudara. Ayahnya Haji Kalla adalah seorang tokoh Nahdatul Ulamadi Sulawesi Selatan dan seroang pengusaha. Ibunya, Hajjah Atirah juga berwirausaha dengan berjualan sarung sutra Bugis. JK menyelesaikan pendidikan sarjana pada Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Hasanuddin pada 1967 dan The Eropean Institute of Business Administration Founrainebleu, Prancis pada 1977.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 217, "height": 158, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha perdangan yang dirintis orang tua JK diserhakan kepemimpinannya sesaat setelah JK diwisuda menjadi sarjana ekonomi pada akhir 1967 dan sejak 1982 seluruh bisnis Grup Hadji Kalla dipimpin JK. Disamping meneruskan usaha lama yang dirintis orang tuanya seperti ekspor hasil bumi, JK mulai mengembangkan jenis bisnis baru seperti usaha pembangunan jalan, jembatan dan irigasi. Hingga sekarang, Grup Hadji Kalla dibawah pimpinan JK telah menjelma menjadi grop konglomerasi bisnis yang memiliki banyak bidang usaha seperti perdaganan mobil, konstruksi bangunan, jembatan, perkapalan, real estate, transportasi, peternakanudang, perikanan, kelapa sawit dan telekomunikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 217, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesuksesan menakhodai grub bisnis NV Hadji Kalla, JK terpilih menjadi Ketua KADIN Daerah Sulawei Selatan dari tahun 1985 hingga 1997 dan Ketua Dewan Pertimbngan KADIN Indonesia 1997- 2002, disamping Ketua Umum Ikatan Sarjana Ekonomi Indonesia (ISEI) Sulawesi Selatan 1985- 1995 hingga menjadi Wakil Ketua ISEI Pusat (1987- 2000) dan Penasehat ISEI Pusat (2000-sekarang).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 217, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada masa mahasiswa, JK pernah menjadi ketua HMI Cabang Makassar pada 1965-1966 serta menjabat Ketua Dewan Mahasiswa Universitas Hasanuddin pada tahun yang sama dan menjadi Ketua KAMI (Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Indonesia) Sulawesi Selatan pada 1966 dan Ketua Presidium KAMI 1967-1969. pada tahun 1965, sesaat setelah pembentukan Sekretariat Bersama Golkar, JK terpilih sebagai Ketua Pemuda Sekber Golkar Sulawesi Selatan dan Tenggara (1965-1968) sehingga menghantarkannya terpilih menjadi anggota DPRD Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan periode 1965-1968 mewakili Sekber Golkar. JK menikah dengan Hj Mufidah pada 1967 dan dikarunia satu putra dan empat putri serta sembilan cucu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 217, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam bidang kemasyarakatan, JK menjadi Ketua Yayasan Pendidikan Hadji Kalla yang mewadahi TK, SD, SLTP, SLTA Athirah, serta menjadi Ketua Yayasan Pendidikan Al Ghazali yang mebawahi Universitas Islam Makassar. Selain itu, JK menjabat Ketua Dewan Penyantun pada bberapa perguruan tinggi seperti Universitas Hasandduin Makassar, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Univesitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Makassar, Univeresitas Negeri Makassar (UNM) disamping sebagai ketua Ikatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alumni UNHAS dan Ketua Dewan Pembina Yayasan Wakaf Paramadina.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 96, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JK memasuki dunia politik nasional mulai 2001 ketika Presiden Abddurahman Wahid menjadi Presiden dan menjabat sebagai Menteri Perindustrian dan Perdagangan merangkap Kepala Bulog. Pada masa pemerintahan Megawati, JK kembali masuk kabinet dengan jabatan Menteri Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat (Menko Kesra). JK kemudian mundur dari kabinet Megawati dan memilih bersaing dengan Megawati. Dengan kesediaaannya berpasangan dengan SBY dalam pilpres 2004. pada Oktober 204, JK dilantik sebagai Wakil Presiden RI ke 10 menjadi wakil presiden RI yang pertama kali dipilih rakyat secara langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 246, "width": 217, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Musyawarah Nasional (Munas) Partai Golkar di Bali Desember 2004, JK terpilih menjadi Ketua umum Partai Golkar setelah mengalahkan Akbar Tanjung. Sebelumnya JK adalah Anggota Dewan Penasehat DPP Partai Golkar sempat menjadi Anggota MPR pada 1982-1987 utusan Golkar dan Anggota MPRI RI utusan daerah pada 1997-1999 (Sindo, 6/01/2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 338, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seiring perubahan politik, pada pemilu presiden 2009 JK justru berbalik arah menjadi pesaing SBY. Dengan menggandeng Wiranto sebagai cawapres, JK tampil dengan jargon ”lebih cepat lebih baik”. Jargon tersebut berhasil menjadi slogan politik mengiringi keduanya dalam melakukan sosialisasi politik menjelang pilpres 8 Juli 2009 mendatang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 430, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Megawati Soekarnoputri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 309, "top": 441, "width": 217, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosok Megawati Soekarnoputri sebelumnya adalah seorang ibu rumah tangga biasa yang diperistri oleh Taufik Kemas yang berasal dari Palembang. Megawati mulai memasuki dunia politik pada era 1990-an ketika Soerjadi menjadi Ketua Umum PDI untuk menarik dukungan dan membangun spirit kejuangan Soekarno pada PDI kala itu untuk menghadapi Pemilu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 533, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memasuki era reformasi PDI pecah, Megawati memiliki mendirikan blok politik sendiri bernama PDI-Perjuangan dan berhadap-hadapan dengan Soerjadi yang telah mengajaknya terjun ke dunia politik. Pada pemilu 1999, PDI-P tampil menjadi pemenang pemilu berkat kepopuleran Megawati Soekarnoputri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 614, "width": 217, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun meski menjadi pemenang pemilu tidak serta merta mengantarkan Megawati ke kursi kepresidenan. Sistem pemilihan presiden yang kala itu masih dilakukan MPR memaksa Megawati mengakui Abdurrahman Wahid tampil sebagai Presiden yang diusung koalisi partai-partai Islam dalam Poros Tengah. Tetapi ditengah jalan pada 2001 Abdurrahman Wahid diberhentikan disebabkan sifat otoriter dan kinerja pemerintahan yang sangat buruk. Megawati yang sebelumnya menduduki posisi Wakil Presiden kemudian tampil menggantikannya hingga periode pemerintahannya selesai pada 2004.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 809, "width": 435, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Nasional, Budaya Politik, dan Partisipasi Publik – Muslimin dan Sorni Paskah Daeli | 167", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 217, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemilu presiden 2004, sistem pemilihan presiden dirubah menggunakan sistem pemilihan langsung. Megawati tampil menjadi konstestan pilpres berpasangan dengan Ketua Umum PBNU, Hasyim Muzadi. Pada putaran pertama tampil lima calon presiden pada pilpres: Megawati, SBY, Amien Rais, Wiranto dan Hamzah Haz. Karena kelimanya tidak satupun yang memperoleh suara diatas 50 persen+1, selanjutnya Megawati dan SBY yang berhak lolos ke putaran kedua sebagai peraih suara terbanyak pertama dan kedua. Akhirnya pemilu presiden berhasil dimenangkan SBY yang berpasangan dengan Jusuf Kalla.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 217, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kini pemilu presiden 2009 kembali Megawati tampil sebagai kontestan menggandeng Prabowo Subianto. Prabowo Subianto adalah sosok fenomenal karena berhasil mengantarkan partai baru yang didirikannya (Partai Gerindra) masuk dalam sepuluh besar partai yang lolos parlementary treshold .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 326, "width": 217, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wacana pemilu presiden 2014 yang memenuhi ruang-ruang publik masih sepi dari perdebatan gagasan model dan cara mencapai cita-cita pembanguan bangsa dengan tujuan mensejahterakan rakyat. Wacana yang muncul hanya terkesan bagi-bagi kekuasaan antara satu partai dan partai lainya dalam satu koalisi, sementara perdebatan tentang cita-cita nasional masih menempati ruang-ruang sempit. Terhitung hanya Prabowo yang mensosialisasikan gagasan-gagasan besarnya untuk mensejahterakan rakyat melalui pemberdayaan ekonomi kerakyatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 217, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertarungan gagasan-gagasan besar seharusnya yang harus dijadikan budaya politik dalam setiap event politik seperti pemilu. Sehingga kesan pemilu hanya kepentingan segelintir orang yang mengakibatkan merebaknya apatisme politik dalam bentuk golongan putih dapat dihindari dan berubah menjadi partisipasi politik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 545, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 568, "width": 217, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiardjo, Miriam. Partisipasi dan Partai Politik , Jakarta: Gramedia. Kompas . Edisi 6 Mei 2004 Muluk, M Khairul. 2007. Desentralisasi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 611, "width": 217, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintahan Daerah , Malang: Bayu Media Publishing. Putra, Fadillah. 2005. Kebijakan Tidak Untuk Publik , Yogyakarta: Resist Book. Seputar Indonesia , Harian. Edisi 06 Januari 2008. 13 Januari 2008, 20 Januari 2008dan 27 Januari 2008. Tempo , Majalah. Edisi 30 Maret 2008. Wasistiono, Sadu, Prof. Dr., MM. 2005. ”Desentralisasi, Demokratisasi dan Pembentukan Good", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 720, "width": 189, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Governance ”, dalam Syamsuddin Haris, Ed.. 2005. Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 743, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jakarta: LIPI-AIPI-Partnership.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 809, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "168 | Jurnal Bina Praja | Volume 4 No. 3 September 2012 | 161 - 168", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 269, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MEDIKA CENDIKIA JOURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 71, "width": 231, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 10 Number 01 Year 2023 ISSN Print: 2355-827X / Online ISSN: 2442-4412 STIKes Karsa Husada Garut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 127, "width": 365, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A Study on the Correlation Between Organizational Activity and Academic Achievement among Students", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 164, "width": 378, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasbi Taobah Ramdani 1 , Asep Nizar Faizurahman 2 , Dicky Gunawan 3 1, 2, 3 S1 Nursing Study Program STIKes Karsa Husada Garut, West Java, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 218, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 244, "width": 429, "height": 152, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Student organizations serve as vehicles for the personal growth and development of students, expanding their horizons, augmenting their knowledge, and nurturing their individualities. Academic achievement refers to the degree to which a pupil succeeds in attaining the objectives established for their educational journey. The objective of this research was to ascertain whether or not the achievement of STIKes Karsa Husada Garut students is correlated with their participation in organizations. This research employs quantitative techniques and a cross- sectional design. The research sample for this study comprised 99 individuals, selected using the cluster random sampling method. Methods of data analysis that employ chi-square correlation. The study's findings indicate a significant correlation between organizational activity and student academic achievement, as supported by the odds ratio value of 17.712 and the p value of 0.023, both of which are less than 0.05. These values indicate that there is a noteworthy relationship between organizational activity and student academic achievement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 412, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Academic achievement, organization activity and student", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 452, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 471, "width": 200, "height": 243, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Originality, ingenuity, and efficiency are effective methods for nurturing kids' latent abilities. Hence, students are afforded the chance to engage in diverse extracurricular pursuits during their free time, including participation in Student Activity Units and University Student Activities. Student organizations serve as a platform for students to enhance their personal growth, expand their knowledge, and cultivate their own identities. Student groups in higher education provide a platform for students to engage in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 471, "width": 204, "height": 243, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "extracurricular activities. This enables them to cultivate their own community norms, gain experiences, acquire knowledge, pursue their interests, showcase their abilities, and indulge in hobbies. According to Nurliani (2016), STIKes Karsa Husada Garut has a total of 8 student activity units (UKM) and 6 student organizations (Ormawa). The UKM (University Student Activity Units) at this institution include Limpa, UKM Art, UKM Futsal, UKM Badminton, UKM Voly, UKM KSR (Student Red Cross Unit), UKM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 205, "height": 535, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "FIM (Film Appreciation Unit), UKM Rohis (Islamic Student Association), ORMAWA KEMA D3 Nursing (Student Organization for D3 Nursing Program), ORMAWA FORMA S1 Nursing (Student Organization for S1 Nursing Program), HIMA D3 Midwife (Midwifery Student Association), ORMAWA HIMA D3 Health Analyst (Student Organization for D3 Health Analyst Program), ORMAWA HIMA D3 Pharmacy (Student Organization for D3 Pharmacy Program), and BEM (Student Executive Board). The criteria for determining the level of success a student achieves in college is not well-defined. However, the grade point average (GPA) is often regarded as an indicator of a student's level of success or failure in a class. The GPA value for semester 6 shown a substantial increase compared to semester 2 across all levels of organizational activities, including low, medium, and high categories (p <0.05). Nevertheless, the rise in the CAI's value was not correlated with the amount of organizational activity (p> 0.05). (Luailiyah, 2022). Students' readiness to enter the workforce is influenced by their academic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 581, "width": 205, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "accomplishments and involvement in organizational activities. Organizational activities are anticipated to offer practical knowledge, whereas academic accomplishment is regarded as an indicator of an individual's cognitive talents' level of development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 302, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Multiple opportunities exist for pupils to enhance their academic achievement. Student engagement in organizational activities refers to the active involvement of students in specific groups or organizations to accomplish shared objectives. Participating in intra-campus organizations offers numerous advantages to students, including the development of skills in collaborating with diverse teams, fostering independence, self-assurance, discipline, and responsibility, as well as enhancing communication and public speaking abilities. Student organizations are valuable endeavors for students to enhance their educational achievements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 367, "width": 199, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Engaging in organizations and activism can significantly influence a student's academic achievement, thanks to the numerous benefits it offers. According to Putri (2017), activists tend to receive a higher score in their assessment of activeness compared to other students due to their ability to effectively communicate and develop self-skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 542, "width": 205, "height": 185, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Engaging in activities within student activity units does not imply neglecting college work, nor does being a student activist entail compromising college grades. Being a student activist entails demonstrating to people that we, as students, possess superior academic achievements compared to our peers. Organizers have grown accustomed to this scenario, ranging from failure in class to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 205, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "failure in academics. Conducted a preliminary study on March 20, 2022, involving 20 students who were active in organizations on the campus of STIKes Karsa Husada Garut. The survey yielded three findings: Out of the total of 20 students, 10 experienced a consistent increase in their grades each year, 6 maintained the same grades, and 4 saw a decline in their grades upon leaving the organization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 270, "width": 200, "height": 263, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alexandro's (2022) prior research demonstrated that those engaged in organizational activity at the very active level exhibit the greatest average GPA when compared to those at the active and moderately active levels. Nevertheless, organizational activities that are currently active exhibit a lower mean GPA in comparison to organizations that are moderately active.. Nevertheless, a separate study conducted by Putri (2017) revealed a lack of correlation between student participation in groups and their academic performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 542, "width": 200, "height": 88, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The researcher aims to explore the correlation between organizational activity and student academic achievement at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut, based on the aforementioned factors..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 659, "width": 120, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 679, "width": 199, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study collects, interprets, and presents its findings using quantitative research methods since it makes extensive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 88, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "use of numerical data. In order to ascertain the degree and direction of the association between the variables under study, researchers opted for a cross-sectional strategy (Sugiono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 153, "width": 199, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Thirty-one students that belong to the STIKes Karsa Husada Garut organization participated in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 212, "width": 199, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sugiyono (2019) asserts that the sample's attributes and size are part of the population. Only a part of the population is used in the sample data collecting technique to determine the required demographic characteristics (Siregar, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 328, "width": 199, "height": 399, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The research sample size was determined using the Slovin method. The researcher discovered that the minimal sample size utilized in this investigation was 99.113 after computing n using the formula. STIKes Karsa Husada Garut selected a representative sample of all the students involved in the program at random. Data for this study will be gathered via questionnaire responses. Respondents agreed to participate in the study by giving informed consent to the researchers. Students who have been chosen as respondents will fill out questionnaires as part of the study project.Questionnaires were employed in this study in order to gather data. Sugiono (2019) defines a questionnaire as a data collection tool that consists of written statements or questions that are sent to the subject of the survey either directly, by mail, or online.Using a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 200, "height": 224, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "questionnaire containing the respondent's name or code, age, gender, and organizational affiliation will yield demographic data. KHS each semester was utilized to collect statistics on academic achievement. The components of the research questions were determined by using a checklist questionnaire. The student organizational activeness questionnaire was completed using a set of fifteen questions addressing topics including dedication, responsibility, and other topics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 289, "width": 199, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Measurements of observable social and natural events are made with research devices. According to Sugiyono (2019), these phenomena are all expressly referred", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 367, "width": 199, "height": 205, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "to as research variables. Both documentation and observation are used in this study. Observation is an empirical scientific activity that relies on firsthand information gathered from the field or text, employing the five senses without any alteration (Hasanah, 2017). This indicates that the design of observation is methodical in terms of what, when, and where it will be observed. To gather data, the researcher employs tried-and-true research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 581, "width": 199, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "instruments. This study paper focuses on the IP that was acquired from the student's Study Result Card (KHS) from the prior semester.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 659, "width": 199, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The purpose of univariate analysis is to characterize each variable seen in the research. The study typically yields simply the frequency distribution and percentage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 202, "height": 321, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "for each variable. A bivariate study looks at two variables that are thought to be connected or associated, whereas a univariate table shows data presented as a frequency distribution for one variable. The chi-square test, a statistical tool for assessing the importance of two variables, is used to do this. This analysis aims to assess the correlation between two variables, specifically the independent and dependent variables. The association between students' academic progress and organizational activity at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut is the dependent variable. From January until September 20, 2022, the STIKes Karsa Husada campus in Garut served as the study's location.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 406, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RESEARCH RESULT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 406, "width": 199, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 336, "top": 445, "width": 199, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RESULT Table 1. Frequency Distribution Based on Gender of Students who follow the organization Gender Frequency Percentage (%) Male 45 45,5 Female 54 54,5 Total 99 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 584, "width": 199, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 1 presents the findings, which indicate that 54 respondents (54.5%) were female and 45 respondents (45.5%) were male.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 227, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 2. Frequency Distribution Based on the Organization that the respondent joins Organization Frequency Percentage (%) Forma S1 Nursing 16 16,2 Kema D3 Nursing 14 14,1 Hima D3 Midwifery 15 15,2 Hima D3 Health Analyst 15 15,2 HIMA D3 Pharmacy 14 14,1 Student Executive Board 25 25,3 Total 99 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 306, "width": 199, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 2 shows the results that a small proportion of respondents who participated in the organization were in BEM as many as 25 people (25.3%) and very few of the respondents were in KEMA D3 Nursing and HIMA D3 Nursing as many as 14 people (14.1%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 442, "width": 199, "height": 203, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 3. Frequency Distribution Based on Academic Level Level Frequency Percentage (%) Level 2 74 74,7 Level 3 25 25,3 Total 99 100 Table 4. Frequency Distribution Based on Organizational Activity Organizational Activity Frequency Percentage (%) High 79 79,8 Medium 5 5,1 Low 15 15,2 Total 99 100 Table 3 shows the results that most of", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 655, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "the respondents who participated in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "organization were at level 2 as many as 74 people (74.7%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 95, "width": 199, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 4 shows the results that most of the respondents who are active in the organization are high (79.8%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 153, "width": 199, "height": 131, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 5. Frequency Distribution Based on Learning Achievement Results Frequency Percentage (%) Cumlaude 44 44,4% Very satisfactory 11 11,1% Satisfactory 16 16,2% Fair 19 19,2% Did not pass 9 9,1% Total 99 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 307, "width": 199, "height": 205, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 5 indicates that 44 individuals (44.4%) achieved cum laude GPA results, while a small percentage of respondents (11.1%) reported highly satisfying GPA learning outcomes. Additionally, a modest proportion of respondents (16.2%) expressed satisfaction with their GPA learning outcomes, while a slightly larger group (19.2%) considered their outcomes to be sufficient. Lastly, a small number of respondents (9.1%) did not graduate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 521, "width": 205, "height": 166, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Following the completion of univariate data analysis, bivariate data analysis was performed to ascertain the correlation between the organizational activity variable and the dependent variable, specifically academic accomplishment. The association between these factors was assessed using the Chi Square test, and the variables are listed below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 429, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 6. Frequency Distribution of the Relationship between Organizational Activity and Student Akamedic Achievement at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 82, "width": 388, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Organizational activity Learning achievement x² P- value Did not pass Fair Satisfactory Very satisfactory Cumlaude Low 6 1 1 1 11 17.712 0.023 Medium 0 0 0 1 4 High 3 16 6 8 41 Total 9 17 7 10 56", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 210, "width": 200, "height": 516, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Six individuals (30.0%) of the respondents with low organizational activeness and adequate learning performance failed the examination, as indicated by the data presented above. Thus, only a minority of the respondents with low organizational activeness and adequate learning performance failed. Only one respondent (5.0%) out of a very small number of those with minimal organizational activity demonstrated satisfactory learning performance. Only one respondent (5.0%) out of a very small number of those with minimal organizational activity reported a Very Satisfactory learning performance. There were eleven respondents (55.0%) who reported low organizational activeness in relation to Cumlaude learning performance, while one individual (5.0%) did not find any respondents to have moderate organizational activeness in relation to learning performance. Failure to complete None of the respondents (0, 0%) exhibited moderate organizational activity and achieved satisfactory learning performance. Similarly, none of the respondents (0, 0%)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 210, "width": 202, "height": 516, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "demonstrated moderate organizational activity and achieved satisfactory learning performance. 0 individuals (0.0) While a minority of participants (20.0%) reported highly satisfactory learning outcomes, the vast majority (99%) of those with moderate organizational activity reported average learning outcomes. A minority of respondents (80.0%) and four individuals with high organizational activity exhibited poor learning performance. 3 respondents (41%), representing a minority of those who expressed high organizational activity, demonstrated adequate learning performance. Only 16 individuals (22.6%) among the respondents who reported considerable organizational activity achieved satisfactory learning outcomes. A mere six individuals (8.1%) out of the total respondents exhibited a highly satisfactory level of organizational activity in their learning performance. There were 8 individuals (10.8%) among the respondents who reported high organizational activity and cumlaude learning performance, while the majority (41 individuals, 55.4%) did so. A correlation has been identified between", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "student academic achievement and organizational activity at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut, as determined by the chi- square test of data analysis. As the p value is less than 0.05, it is possible to conclude that a relationship exists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 173, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 192, "width": 200, "height": 341, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The study demonstrates that students who actively engaged in many groups achieved cum laude honors. Specifically, 44 individuals (44.4% of the respondents) attained cum laude results, indicating a high level of academic achievement. However, a small number of respondents reported less satisfactory GPA outcomes. Out of the respondents, 11 individuals (11.1%) reported having unsatisfactory GPA learning results, whereas 16 people (16.2%) reported having satisfactory GPA learning outcomes. Additionally, 19 people (19.2%) reported having average GPA learning outcomes, while some respondents did not graduate. According to Hardiansah's (2019) research, organizational activeness has an impact on academic attainment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 542, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The researcher posits that the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 562, "width": 199, "height": 165, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "correlation between organizational activeness and student academic achievement can be attributed to the acquisition of supplementary knowledge and experience by the organizers, which is not attainable through lectures. This, in turn, may serve as a catalyst for enhancing academic performance. The findings indicated that a minority of respondents", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(25.3%) primarily comprised 25 individuals who joined the BEM (Student Executive Board) group.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 114, "width": 199, "height": 283, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This indicates that BEM holds the highest position among campus organizations, resulting in a majority of respondents expressing a preference to join the BEM group. As stated by Hardiansah (2019), the BEM has numerous operational initiatives that the management must execute. These initiatives aim to address the concerns of STIKes Karsa Husada Garut students and enhance their individual capabilities. Every member of the BEM management is assigned a specific work program to oversee. The objective of this work program is to enhance the accountability of every staff member.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 406, "width": 205, "height": 321, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 6 displays the correlation between organizational activeness and academic accomplishment. The chi square test yielded a value of p = 0.023, which is less than or equal to the significance level of 0.05. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated to be 17.712. This suggests that students who engage in extracurricular activities are tenfold more likely to achieve higher academic performance. This discovery aligns with the study conducted by Hardiansah (2019), which revealed a correlation between organizational activeness and academic accomplishment. This can be attributed to various factors that significantly impact kids' academic achievements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 555, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fauzi (2020) this is seen by the GPA outcomes of 46 students who achieved cum laude status. Through active involvement in groups, students can enhance their leadership skills and cultivate a compassionate mindset, while also developing their critical, creative, and inventive thinking abilities. This is demonstrated by the high level of engagement displayed by pupils in the classroom. The researcher posits that the correlation between organizational activeness and student academic achievement can be attributed to the acquisition of supplementary knowledge and experience by the participants, which is not often received through lectures. This, in turn, may serve as a catalyst for enhancing academic performance. This is consistent with Fauzi (2020) According to the findings from surveys and field observations, joining student organizations offers several advantages. These include enhancing time management skills by balancing academic and organizational commitments, improving problem-solving abilities, fostering social empathy, and broadening both academic and non- academic knowledge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 620, "width": 199, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In addition, according to Zami's (2021) research on the impact of organizational activity on the soft skills and learning achievement of SMKM students, it can be inferred from the conducted research that there is a noteworthy and positive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "correlation between student organizational activity and the enhancement of soft skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 95, "width": 199, "height": 341, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Patunru's (2020) research highlights the pros and cons of involvement in groups. It reveals that active participation in student organizations leads to a boost in academic accomplishment. The assertion that the organization's youngsters have a poor achievement index is contradicted by the opinions of certain individuals. The results of our research demonstrate that the vast majority of scholarship or award recipients are individuals who actively engage with the organization. The drawbacks of engaging in organizational activities include diminished opportunities for spending time with family, reduced study time, and potential conflicts between organizational commitments and other activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 465, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 336, "top": 484, "width": 199, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The authors of this study analyzed data and discussed the findings to draw conclusions about the relationship between organizational activeness and student academic achievement at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut. The results indicate that students who are actively involved in organizations have a high GPA, with some even achieving cumlaude status.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 659, "width": 199, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Furthermore, the study found a significant correlation between", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 336, "top": 679, "width": 199, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "organizational activeness and student academic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 731, "width": 13, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "88", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 56, "width": 199, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "achievement at STIKes Karsa Husada Garut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 115, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "REFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 140, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alexandro, R., Putri, W. 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[ { "left": 67, "top": 138, "width": 477, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengaruh Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 160, "width": 277, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi Pada Pasien Kanker Serviks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 214, "width": 248, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sugih Wijayati, Suci Abrelia Fitriyanti, Arwani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 235, "top": 316, "width": 320, "height": 119, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Latar belakang : Reaksi psikologis yang dapat muncul setelah pasien didiagnosis kanker serviks pada umumnya merasa shock mental, takut, tidak bisa menerima kenyataan, sampai pada keadaan depresi. Depresi berdampak pada gangguan mood yang dikarakteristikkan dengan kesedihan yang intens, berlangsung dalam waktu lama, dan mengganggu kehidupan normal. Kondisi ini terjadi pada pasien kanker servix. Salah satu terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker servix yaitu terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT). Salah satu dampak depresi yang akan muncul adalah lemahnya kondisi fisik yang akan menghambat proses pengobatan dan mendukung sel kanker servix semakin berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi SEFT terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker serviks di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 437, "width": 322, "height": 97, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Metode : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pra eksperimental dengan desain penelitian pre and post-test without control group . Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 responden dengan teknik consecutive sampling . Uji analisis data dengan uji Wilcoxon test . Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan skor depresi dari 28 (depresi sedang) menjadi 20 (depresi klinis) setelah dilakukan SEFT dan perubahan skor depresi secara statistik bermakna ( p = 0,000). Simpulan : Ada penurunan terapi SEFT terhadap tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker serviks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 547, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kata kunci : depresi , SEFT, kanker serviks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "398", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 197, "top": 247, "width": 221, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jurusan Keperawatan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Abstrak", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 57, "top": 111, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Original Article", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 429, "top": 69, "width": 116, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Med Hosp 2020; vol 7 (2) : 398–402", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 57, "top": 316, "width": 139, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "p-ISSN: 2301-4369 e-ISSN: 2685-7898 https: //doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i2.511", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 345, "width": 95, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Diajukan: 17 Oktober 2019 Diterima: 05 November 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 52, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Afiliasi Penulis:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 384, "width": 100, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jurusan Keperawatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 414, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Korespondensi Penulis:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 423, "width": 112, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sugih Wijayati Jl. Tirto Agung, Pedalangan, Kec. Banyumanik, Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah 50268, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 482, "width": 92, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 148, "width": 497, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Background : Psychological reactions commonly occur among cervical cancer patients are mental alteration, fear, denial and depression. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by prolonged sorrow, which can disrupt normal life. The SEFT therapy is an effective complementary therapy to reduce depression level. This study aims to examine the effect of SEFT therapy on depression among cervical cancer patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta General Hospital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 192, "width": 497, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Methods : A pre – experimental study using pre and post–test without control group design was applied to 33 respondents recruited by consecutive sampling method. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 214, "width": 497, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Results : The depression score was decreased from 28 (moderate depression) to 20 (clinical depression) after intervention, which is statistically significant ( p = 0.000). Conclusion : It is concluded that there is positive effect of SEFT therapy on depression level among cervical cancer patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 258, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Keywords : depression, SEFT. Cervical Cancer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 115, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 73, "width": 354, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "The effect of Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) therapy on decreased depression level among cervical cancer patients", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 134, "top": 297, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 321, "width": 239, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kanker merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang mengancam jiwa, hal ini dilihat dari banyaknya laporan bahwa penyakit kanker cenderung menjadi salah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 356, "width": 239, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "1 satu penyebab utama kematian pada usia produktif. Salah satu jenis kanker yang berbahaya adalah kanker 1 serviks. Incidence Rate kanker serviks mencapai 6,7 kasus 1 tiap 100.000 penduduk per tahun. Angka kematian pada kasus kanker serviks pada tahun 2016 diperkirakan 1 4120 kasus, meningkat 1,1% per tahun. Reaksi psikologis yang dapat muncul setelah pasien didiagnosis kanker serviks pada umumnya merasa shock mental, takut, tidak bisa menerima kenyataan, sampai pada keadaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 462, "width": 239, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "2 depresi. Depresi adalah gangguan mood yang dikarakteristikkan dengan kesedihan yang intens, berlangsung dalam waktu lama, dan mengganggu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 498, "width": 243, "height": 199, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "4 kehidupan normal. Depresi memang berdampak pada gangguan mood yang dikarakteristikkan dengan kesedihan yang intens, berlangsung dalam waktu lama, dan mengganggu kehidupan normal. Kondisi depresi ini jika tidak segera ditangani dapat memperberat kondisi fisik dan psikologis pasien. Salah satu dampak depresi yang akan muncul adalah lemahnya kondisi fisik yang akan menghambat proses pengobatan dan mendukung sel kanker servix semakin berkembang. Kondisi ini terjadi pada pasien kanker servix. Salah satu terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker servix 4 yaitu terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT). Penyebab depresi adalah neurotransmiter yang terkait dengan patologi depresi yaitu serotonin dan epineprin. Penurunan serotonin dapat mencetuskan depresi dan pada beberapa pasien bunuh diri memiliki serotonin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 698, "width": 239, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "5 yang rendah. Sebanyak 42% pasien yang telah mengidap kanker serviks dengan rata-rata waktu 3,1 tahun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 722, "width": 245, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "2 menunjukkan skor depresi menengah hingga berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 297, "width": 239, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Salah satu dampak depresi yang akan muncul adalah lemahnya kondisi fisik yang akan menghambat proses pengobatan dan mendukung sel kanker semakin 2 berkembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 344, "width": 239, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Salah satu terapi komplementer yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan tingkat depresi yaitu terapi SEFT. SEFT merupakan teknik penggabungan dari sistem energi tubuh (energy medicine) dan terapi spiritual dengan menggunakan metode tapping pada beberapa 3 titik tertentu pada tubuh. SEFT adalah gabungan antara 6 Spiritual Power dengan Energy Psychology . Terapi SEFT terdapat tapping , yaitu ketukan ringan dengan dua ujung jari pada titik-titik tertentu di dalam tubuh kita. Titik-titik ini adalah titik-titik kunci dari “The Major Energy Meridians” yang jika kita ketuk beberapa kali akan berdampak pada ternetralisirnya gangguan emosi atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 486, "width": 118, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "6 rasa sakit yang kita rasakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 412, "top": 510, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 533, "width": 239, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian pra eksperimental dengan rancangan rancangan pretest- posttest design . Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 33 responden dengan syarat memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu: 1) Pasien kanker serviks yang menjalani kemoterapi lebih dari 2 kali, 2) Pasien kanker serviks yang mengalami depresi ringan hingga sedang, dan kriteria eksklusi yaitu pasien kanker serviks yang mengalami depresi dan mendapatkan obat anti depresan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 652, "width": 239, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini teknik memilih sampel yang digunakan adalah non–probability sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel yang tidak memberikan peluang atau kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap unsur atau anggota populasi purposive sampling yaitu mengambil sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria retriksi sampel dari populasi tertentu yang paling mudah dijangkau atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 538, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "399", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 174, "top": 45, "width": 379, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengaruh Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi Pada Pasien Kanker Serviks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "400", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 76, "width": 239, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "didapatkan. Peneliti menunggu di RSUD Dr. Moewardi, kemudian peneliti mengkaji pasien apakah masuk dalam kriteria retriksi atau tidak, pasien yang masuk kriteria retriksi dijadikan responden penelitian dan peneliti mencari sesuai dengan jumlah sampel yang telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "2 ditentukan (consecutive sampling) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 418, "top": 76, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 99, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 111, "width": 239, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Karakteristik demografi responden pada penelitian ini terdiri dari umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, dan stadium kanker yang diderita yang dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 202, "width": 32, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kategori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 166, "width": 32, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "TABEL 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 178, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Distribusi Frekuensi Karakteristik Responden (n=33)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 202, "width": 278, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Umur Jumlah - Dewasa akhir (41–60 tahun)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 69, "top": 202, "width": 437, "height": 376, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "9 3 22 - Dewasa awal (21–40 tahun) - Tua (> 60 tahun) - SD 1 7 12 13 - Tidak Sekolah - SMA - SMP Persentase (%) 27,3 6,0 66,7 2,9 20,7 39,3 37,1 Pendidikan - Pedagang 16 7 5 - Petani - Swasta - Stadium 2a 5 2 3 1 - IRT - Stadium 2c - Stadium 2b 48,5 21,2 15,2 15,1 6,1 9,0 3,0 - Stadium 3a 2 12 13 - Stadium 2d - Stadium 3b 6,1 36,4 39,4 Pekerjaan Stadium Pengukuran TABEL 2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 69, "top": 545, "width": 366, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Skor depresi sebelum dan sesudah terapi SEFT di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta (n=33)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 569, "width": 278, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pre Median 28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 605, "width": 9, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "20", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 458, "top": 569, "width": 39, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Min – Max 15 – 30", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 69, "top": 569, "width": 422, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "13 – 25 N 33 33 Post Variabel", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 69, "top": 651, "width": 32, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "TABEL 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 663, "width": 471, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Perbedaan tingkat depresi responden sebelum dan sesudah terapi SEFT di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta (n=33)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 687, "width": 422, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Depresi Median 28 20 p value .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 142, "top": 687, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengukuran Pre Post Selisih Median", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 324, "top": 687, "width": 97, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "8 Z tabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 396, "top": 705, "width": 25, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "– 5.032b", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 57, "top": 42, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Medica Hospitalia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 42, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "| Vol. 7, No. 2, November 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 538, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "401", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 76, "width": 239, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Skor depresi responden sebelum dan sesudah terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) ditunjukkan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 239, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Analisis perbedaan tingkat depresi responden sebelum dan sesudah terapi SEFT ditunjukkan pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 159, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 182, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Depresi Sebelum Terapi SEFT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 205, "width": 239, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh skor depresi menggunakan skala depresi Beck Depression Index sebelum dilakukan terapi SEFT sebesar 28 (depresi sedang). Hal ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar responden dalam penelitian ini menderita depresi sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 275, "width": 239, "height": 153, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "2 Salah satu faktor biologi yaitu usia. Pada penelitian mayoritas usia responden pada rentan 41–60 tahun (dewasa akhir). Pada rentan usia ini merupakan usia rentan depresi, usia berkorelasi dengan pengalaman, pengetahuan, pemahaman dan pandangan terhadap suatu penyakit atau kejadian sehingga akan mengungkapkan bahwa semakin bertambahnya usia manusia akan mengalami kemunduran fisik, mental 2 serta sosial. Penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa semakin tinggi stadium yang diderita oleh penderita kanker, maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat depresi wanita tersebut, hal ini dikarenakan perasaan-perasaan 7 mengenai kematian yang mulai timbul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 429, "width": 239, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Faktor psikososial ikut berperan penting dalam 8 masalah depresi. Seseorang yang tidak bekerja dapat mengalami depresi dengan tidak mendapatkan penghasilan yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku responden dalam menentukan pengobatan, biaya 8 perawatan rumah sakit. Pendapatan biasanya berupa uang yang mempengaruhi seseorang dalam memenuhi kebutuhan akan kesehatan dimana tersedianya biaya 8 untuk melakukan proses pengobatan seseorang. Pendapatan merupakan faktor yang paling menentukan kuantitas maupun kualitas kesehatan sehingga ada hubungan yang erat antara pendapatan dengan keadaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "8 kesehatan seseorang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 583, "width": 239, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pendidikan responden pada penelitian ini didominasi dengan tingkat pendidikan SD. Tingkat pendidikan (status sosial ekonomi secara umum) bukan merupakan penyebab efek biologis langsung untuk terjadinya penyakit, efek tersebut diperantarai oleh berbagai faktor risiko yang dapat mencetuskan terjadinya penyakit (contoh: status merokok, BMI,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 665, "width": 239, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "3 aktivitas fisik). Individu dengan pendidikan tinggi cenderung untuk melakukan tindakan pencegahan untuk mengantisipasi masalah yang akan dihadapi dan copping individu dalam menghadapi masalah semakin 3 baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 76, "width": 238, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Depresi Setelah Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 110, "width": 238, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh skor depresi responden setelah diberi terapi SEFT sebesar 20 (depresi klinis). Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya perubahan atau terjadi penurunan skor depresi responden setelah diberikan terapi SEFT, dari depresi sedang ke depresi klinis. Perubahan tingkat/skor depresi pada penelitian ini dapat terjadi karena terapi SEFT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 193, "width": 238, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Terapi SEFT mengandung unsur do'a yaitu bagian dari unsur spiritual yang merupakan pengakuan bahwa seseorang bergantung pada satu-satunya Tuhan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 228, "width": 238, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "9 menciptakan manusia dan segala isinya. Dengan pengakuan ini, timbul rasa nyaman dan aman dalam jiwa manusia, bahwa ada pendukung hidupnya yang amat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 263, "width": 239, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "9 dekat, yang tidak akan membuatnya sedih. Nilai ibadah sangat penting dalam mengurangi tekanan emosional sehingga berpengaruh pada penurunan tekanan darah, frekuensi pernafasan, kekuatan nadi, ketegangan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 311, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "9 kecemasan dan depresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 323, "width": 238, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Terapi SEFT memberi pengaruh positif terhadap aktifitas sistem saraf simpatis, dampak dari relaksasi tersebut pernafasan menjadi lebih lambat iramanya, nadi lambat, tekanan darah turun, menurunkan konsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 370, "width": 238, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "10 oksigen otot jantung dan ketegangan otot. Respon relaksasi juga berpengaruh pada kondisi mental dan menurunkan ketegangan otot sehingga menimbulkan 11 suasana yang nyaman, dapat menurunkan depresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 417, "width": 239, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Terapi SEFT juga mempunyai unsur eye movement desentizitation repatterning (EMDR) melalui nine gamut 9 procedure (gerakan mata). Saat wawancara sebelum dilakukan EMDR didapatkan data bahwa responden mengalami ketegangan, gelisah dan nadi kuat. Responden diminta menggerakan bola mata secara berlawanan dan searah jarum jam, bersenandung selama tiga detik dan berhitung dari satu hingga lima. Setelah dilakukan EMDR ketegangan, rasa gelisah dan denyut nadi responden mulai menurun. EMDR tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 535, "width": 239, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "9 bertujuan untuk mengendalikan emosi. Pada teknik psikoterapi kontemporer, gerakan ini mempunyai fungsi, yaitu untuk merangsang bagian otak serta dapat 9 menyeimbangkan antara otak kanan dan kiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 594, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengaruh Terapi SEFT Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi pada Pasien Kanker Serviks", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 629, "width": 239, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai median skor depresi responden sebelum dilakukan terapi SEFT adalah 28 (depresi sedang), dan setelah dilakukan terapi SEFT adalah 20 (depresi klinis). Penurunan tersebut secara statistik bermakna ( p <0,05) sehingga disimpulkan bahwa terapi SEFT memiliki pengaruh terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker serviks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 238, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "SEFT adalah gabungan antara Spiritual Power dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 45, "width": 379, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pengaruh Terapi Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (SEFT) Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi Pada Pasien Kanker Serviks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "402", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 75, "width": 6, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 76, "width": 239, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Energy Psychology . Hampir 90% isi SEFT adalah Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), dalam hal ini yang dimaksud adalah titik-titik acupoint . Perlu diketahui teknik energy psychology yang memakai tapping , mulai dari TFT-nya Roger Callahan, EFT-nya Gary Craig, PET- nya Steve Walls dan David Lake menggunakan titik-titik 12 tapping yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 159, "width": 239, "height": 198, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sejak 5000 tahun yang lalu titik-titik tersebut sudah digunakan oleh akupunktur, moxa dan akupresur dan sebagainya. Proses yang dilakukan dalam men- tapping itulah yang membedakan EFT, TFT, PET dengan 12 SEFT. Tapping dengan dua ujung jari pada titik-titik tertentu di dalam tubuh kita. Titik-titik ini adalah titik- titik kunci dari “The Major Energy Meridians” yang jika kita ketuk beberapa kali akan berdampak pada ternetralisirnya gangguan emosi atau rasa sakit yang kita 13 rasakan. Karena aliran energi tubuh berjalan dengan 13 normal dan seimbang kembali depresi. Menstimulasi atau men- tapping secara spesifik titik-titik akunpunktur mempunyai pengaruh dalam pengeluaran kortisol 13 depresi. Penurunan hormone kortisol pada sinaps sel- sel saraf dapat menimbulkan sensasi relax serta 13 menurunkan gejala psikologis yaitu depresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 359, "width": 239, "height": 164, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pada SEFT digunakan stimulasi berupa ketukan ringan atau tapping pada titik accupoint . Pada saat tapping terjadi peningkatan proses perjalanan sinyal-sinyal neurotransmitter yang menurunkan regulasi hipotalamic pituitary adrenal Axis (HPA Axis) sehingga mengurangi 1 produksi hormon stres yaitu kortisol. Efek tapping telah dibuktikan pada penelitian sebelumnya dengan hasil yang menunjukan bahwa ketika seseorang yang dalam keadaan takut kemudian dilakukan tapping pada titik accupoint maka terjadi penurunan aktivitas amygdale , dengan kata lain terjadi penurunan gelombang otak, hal tersebut juga membuat respon fight of flight pada 14 partisipan terhenti. Untuk kemudian memunculkan efek relaksasi yang akan menetralisir segala ketegangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 524, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "14 emosi yang dialami individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 548, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 240, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "Terdapat pengaruh terapi SEFT terhadap penurunan tingkat depresi pada pasien kanker serviks di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Perlunya disusun kebijakan dalam bentuk SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) untuk pengelolaan depresi pada pasien dengan kanker serviks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 76, "width": 239, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "melalui tindakan keperawatan mandiri dalam bentuk SEFT dan perlu pengembangan desain penelitian minimal quasy experiment dengan mengikutsertakan kelompok kontrol untuk mengurangi bias penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 386, "top": 135, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 158, "width": 238, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "1. American cancer society. Cancer facts & figures 2016_trends in cancer in asian americans, native hawaiians and pacific islanders. cancer facts fig. 2016;(500816):1–69.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 188, "width": 238, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "2. JA.Zwart, G Dyb, K.Hagen, KJ Odegard. Depressions of anxiety disorders associated with headache frequency.The Noerd- Trondelag Health study,European Journal.2003", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 218, "width": 238, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "3. Safitri RP, Sadif RS. Spiritual emotional freedom technique (SEFT) to reduce depression for chronic renal failure patients are in Cilacap hospital to undergo hemodialysis. Int J Soc Sci Humanit. 2013;3(3):300–3.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 258, "width": 239, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "4. 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Jakarta: Trans Info Media; 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 466, "width": 239, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 609, "page_height": 807, "text": "10. Yuniarti, Suwondo A, Runjati. Pengaruh terapi spiritual emotional freedom Technique (SEFT) terhadap kadar kortisol dan imunoglobulin E: (Studi kecemasan pada ibu hamil di bidan praktek mandiri kota semarang). J Ilmu keperawatan dan kebidanan [Internet]. 2016;02:201–9. Available from: h t t p : / / p m b . s t i k e s t e l o g o r e j o . a c . i d / e - journal/index.php/jikk/article/view/358/381 11. Zainuddin AF. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "232", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 73, "width": 322, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan Pada UMKM Di Palembang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 128, "width": 299, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Delfi Panjaitan 1 , Desy Lesmana 2 , Mutiara Maimunah 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 142, "width": 301, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 153, "width": 269, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 165, "width": 261, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 205, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 224, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to determine the effect of promotion costs on company performance at MSMEs in Palembang City. The population of this research is all owners/managers of MSMEs in Palembang City. The sample in this study is the owner/manager of the food and/or beverage sector in the city of Palembang. The sample is set at 100 respondents. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires. The research analysis method used is simple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that promotion costs affect the company's performance on MSMEs in Palembang City.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 298, "width": 296, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: promotion costs, company performance, sales volume .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 333, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 353, "width": 462, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya promosi terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada UMKM di Kota Palembang. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pemilik/pengelola UMKM di Kota Palembang. Sampel pada penelitian ini pemilik/pengelola UMKM sektor makanan dan atau minuman di Kota Palembang. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 100 responden. Data dikumpulkan dengan pembagian kuisoner. Metode analisis penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya promosi mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan pada UMKM di Kota Palembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : biaya promosi, kinerja perusahaan, volume penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 474, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) saat ini sangat berkembang pesat, terutama sektor makanan dan minuman. Akibatnya terjadi persaingan antara UMKM tersebut yang ketat. Masing-masing UMKM tentunya ingin menjadi yang terbaik dan menguasai pangsa pasar. Untuk itu diperlukan kegiatan yang akan mendukung UMKM untuk bertahan dalam persaingan bisnis. Kegiatan yang paling mendukung untuk menghadapi persaingan, yaitu pemasaran. Pemasaran merupakan kegiatan yang saling berkaitan. Kegiatan marketing mix terdiri dari produk, harga, saluran distribusi, dan promosi (Swastha, 2008 : 42).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UMKM dalam mencapai tujuannya, yaitu memperoleh laba berusaha untuk meningkatkan laba penjualannya. Laba tercermin dari volume penjualan, sehingga harus selalu meningkatkan volume penjualan. Untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan dapat dilakukan dengan menentukan strategi pemasaran sesuai dengan keadaan perusahaan. Volume penjualan UMKM tergantung dari banyakanya konsumen yang membeli produknya. Untuk menarik minat konsumen dapat melakukan kegiatan promosi. Promosi merupakan kegiatan penting yang harus dilakukan oleh perusahaan dalam memasarkan produknya yang akan menarik minat konsumen untuk membeli. Dengan dilakukannya promosi diperkirakan akan semakin meningkatkan volume penjualan dan laba juga meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 736, "width": 421, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pandemi covid-19 menimbulkan krisis yang sangat besar untuk bisnis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 33, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685-6530 E-ISSN 2722-5577 https://jurnal.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/index.php/mediasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 76, "width": 130, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "palembang.ac.id/index.php/Ekonomika/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "233", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perhotelan dan industri makanan dan minuman seperti hotel, restoran, dan bar. Banyaknya restoran yang terpaksa tutup karena kebijakan lock down dan pembatasan interaksi sosial pada awal tahun 2020. Hal ini juga mempengaruhi kondisi konsumen yang cenderung menghindari interaksi dengan orang lain ditempat umum. Indonesia masih berada pada tahap penyesuaian terhadap pandemi covid- 19. Indonesia mengalami dampak akibat covid-19 salah satunya hampir seluruh sektor bisnis yang berkaitan dengan food and beverages. Bisnis seperti restoran menjadi sektor terparah pertama dan disusul oleh restoran cepat saji dan layanan pesan antar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebijakan pemerintah mengendalikan penyebaran Covid-19 sangat berpengaruh kepada sektor usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Sektor ini terpukul di awal pandemi covid-19 dan bisa kembali bangkit di akhir 2020 karena ada pelonggaran. Namun kembali terpuruk akibat kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Peralihan kebijakan PSBB transisi menuju era new normal membuka harapan pelaku usaha untuk bangkit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan yang ada, sebanyak 78% responden mengaku mengalami penurunan omset dengan kategori yang terbesar terdapat pada penurunan lebih dari 20%. Penurunan yang terjadi hampir menimpa seluruh bidang usaha. Dalam data, terdapat tiga jenis usaha yang mengalami penurunan paling besar salah satunya adalah kuliner sebanyak 43,09%. Meski mayoritas melakukan pemasaran melalui online dan offline, hal ini tetap tidak dapat memperbaiki kegiatan usaha yang ada karena efek pandemi yang menyeluruh dan mengakibatkan menurunnya daya beli konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pandemi telah merubah banyak hal, termasuk cara berbisnis. Agar bisa bertahan, bisnis perlu beradaptasi dan merubah strategi. Banyak bisnis mulai mengalami penurunan penjualan yang drastis bahkan tidak memiliki pelanggan sama sekali karena sudah mulai beraktivitas di rumah. Banyak pengusaha yang melakukan strategi penjualan seperti pemasaran untuk meningkatkan kembali bisnis. Perusahaan dapat mengembangkan strategi pemasaran produk dengan mulai menggunakan media digital saat melakukan promosi karena konsumen lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu dan beraktivitas di rumah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena ini, penulis tertarik melakukan penelitian dengan judul “Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan pada UMKM di Kota Palembang.“.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah biaya promosi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada UMKM di Kota Palembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. KAJIAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya dalam suatu perusahaan merupakan suatu komponen yang sangat penting dalam menunjang kegiatan dalam usaha mencapai tujuan. Tujuan dapat tercapai apabila biaya yang dikeluarkan sebagai bentuk suatu pengorbanan oleh perusahaan telah diperhitungkan secara tepat. Menurut Mulyadi (2015:8) biaya adalah pengorbanan sumber ekonomis yang diukur dalam satuan uang, yang telah terjadi, sedang terjadi atau kemungkinan akan terjadi tujuan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari pengertian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa biaya adalah pengorbanan sumber daya ekonomi yang telah terjadi atau potensial terjadi yang diukur dalam satuan uang untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggolongan adalah proses pengelompokkan secara sistematis asal keseluruhan elemen yang ada kedalam golongan tertentu yang lebih ringkas untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "234", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendapatkan informasi. Menurut Mulyadi (2015:13) biaya digolongkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menurut objek pengeluaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 115, "width": 424, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggolongan ini merupakan penggolongan yang paling sederhana, yaitu berdasarkan penjelasan singkat mengenai objek pengeluaran seperti pengeluaran yang berhubungan dengan telepon disebut biaya telepon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 326, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menurut fungsi pokok dalam perusahaan Biaya dapat digolongkan menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 184, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Biaya produksi, yaitu semua biaya yang berhubungan dengan fungsi produksi atau kegiatan pengolahan bahan baku menjadi produk jadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 211, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Biaya pemasaran, yaitu biaya yang terjadi untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pemasaran produk seperti biaya iklan, biaya promosi, dan biaya sampel.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 239, "width": 418, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Biaya administrasi dan umum, yaitu biaya untuk mengkoordinasikan kegiatan produksi dan pemasaran produk seperti gaji bagian akuntansi dan gaji personalia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menurut hubungan biaya dengan sesuatu yang dibiayai ada dua golongan yaitu biaya langsung dan biaya tidak langsung. Biaya langsung adalah biaya yang terjadi dimana penyebabnya karena ada yang harus dibiayai berkaitan dengan produk, biaya langsung terdiri dari biaya bahan baku dan biaya tenaga kerja langsung. Biaya tidak langsung merupakan biaya yang terjadi tidak hanya disebabkan oleh sesuatu yang dibiayai dalam hubungannya dengan produk seperti biaya overhead pabrik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Menurut perilaku dalam kaitannya dengan perubahan volume kegiatan biaya dibagi menjadi 4 yaitu biaya tetap, biaya variabel, biaya semi variabel, dan biaya semi fixed.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Menurut jangka waktu dan manfaatnya dibagi menjadi dua yaitu pengeluaran modal dan pengeluaran pendapatan. Pengeluaran modal adalah pengeluaran yang memberikan manfaat pada periode akuntansi atau pengeluaran yang akan memberikan manfaat ada periode akuntansi yang akan dating. Sedangkan pengeluaran pendapatan merupakan pengeluaran yang memberikan manfaat hanya pada periode akuntansi dimana pengeluaran itu terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 524, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemasaran merupakan salah satu dari kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan hidupnya untuk berkembang dan memperoleh laba. Kegiatan pemasaran memiliki arti penting bagi suatu perusahaan. Jika kegiatan pemasaran gagal maka kegiatan pokok lainnya akan terganggu sehingga tujuan perusahaan sulit dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Freddy Rangkutu (2009:205) biaya promosi adalah biaya pemasaran atau penjualan yang meliputi seluruh biaya yang diperoleh untuk menjamin pelayanan konsumen dan menyampaikan produk jadi atau jasa ke tangan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Freddy Rangkutu (2009:207) volume penjualan merupakan jumlah total yang dihasilkan perusahaan, semakin besar jumlah penjualan yang dihasilkan perusahaan, semakin besar kemungkinan laba yang akan dihasilkan perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 704, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan Promosi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 718, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Periklanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 731, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Periklanan adalah penggunaan media untuk memberitahukan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "235", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 73, "width": 424, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "konsumen tentang sesuatu dan mengajak mereka melakukan sesuatu. Komunikasi non individual dengan sejumlah biaya melalui berbagai media (Basu Swastha, 2009: 223)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Personal selling Personal selling merupakan cara berkomunikasi dengan orang secara individual yang lebih fleksibel . Di lain pihak kegiatan ini akan memberikan beban ongkos yang semakin besar jika penggunaannya sangat luas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Publisitas Publisitas dapat didefinisikan sejumlah informasi tentang barang, seseorang yang disebar-luaskan ke masyarakat tanpa dipungut biaya (Basu Swastha, 2009: 229)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya pemasaran atau penjualan yang meliputi seluruh biaya yang diperoleh untuk menjamin pelayanan konsumen dan menyampaikan produk jadi dan jasa ke tangan konsumen (Freddy, 2009:205).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya promosi merupakan sejumlah dana yang dikeluarkan perusahaan untuk meningkatkan penjualan Henry Simamora (2004:762). Berdasarkan pengertian diatas penulis menyimpulkan bahwa biaya promosi merupakan biaya yang akan mendukung perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pendapatan dari penjualan produk yang diproduksi perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun jenis biaya promosi menurut Mulyadi (2015:530) adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Biaya iklan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 391, "width": 424, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya iklan adalah biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam bentuk iklan cetak, iklan radio/tv, kemasan, sistem pos, katalog, dll. Digunakan untuk membangun citra jangka panjang pada suatu produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 432, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Biaya hubungan masyarakat Biaya hubungan masyarakat merupakan biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam bentuk konferensi pers, seminar, laporan tahunan, sponsor, dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 474, "width": 458, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Biaya promosi penjualan Biaya promosi penjualan adalah biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam rangka mendorong penjualan suatu produk atau jasa dalam bentuk sampling, pameran, dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 529, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Biaya penjualan personal Biaya penjualan personal adalah biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam bentuk presentasi penjualan, pameran perdagangan, dll. Bertujuan untuk melakukan penjualan dengan cara membangun preferensi, keyakinan, dan tindakan pembelian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anggaran Biaya Promosi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anggaran biaya promosi disusun tergantung besar kecilnya perusahaan. Jenis produk yang dihasilkan dan ragam kegiatan yang ada pada masing-masing perusahaan. Anggaran promosi yang disusun harus realistis berdasarkan analisis yang diteliti mengenai setiap tindakan yang akan dilakukan. Fungsi dari anggaran promosi adalah sebagai alat pedoman kerja, pengkoordinasian kerja, dan alat pengawas kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "236", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlakuan Akuntansi Untuk Biaya Promosi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada umumnya biaya promosi adalah bagian dari biaya penjualan yang dikeluarkan oleh badan/perorangan dalam rangka memperkenalkan pemakaian suatu produk baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung untuk mempertahankan atau meningkatkan penjualan, maka biaya promosi dibebankan langsung sebagai biaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 162, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran kinerja perusahaan bisa dilihat dari kinerja penjualan. Anggit, et al (1990) memberikan suatu intrumen pengukuran kinerja penjualan secara objektif, yaitu dengan menggunakan pengukuran volume penjualan dan porsi pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 217, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Basu Swastha (2009:403) penjualan adalah interaksi antara individu saling bertemu muka untuk menciptakan hubungan pertukaran sehingga menguntungkan bagi pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 259, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjualan diartikan juga sebagai usaha yang dilakukan manusia untuk menyampaikan barang bagi mereka yang memerlukan uang menurut harga yang ditentukan atas penjualan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume Penjualan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume penjualan adalah volume total yang akan dibeli oleh kelompok pembelian tertentu Basu Swastha (2008:414). Ada beberapa usaha yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan diantaranya adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menjajakan produk sedemikian rupa sehingga konsumen melihat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 375, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menempatkan dan pengaturan yang teratur sehingga produk dapat menarik konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 402, "width": 184, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Mengadakan analisa pasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 416, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Menentukan pangsa pasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Mengadakan pameran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 444, "width": 252, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Membuat potongan harga atau discount .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 471, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Basu Swastha (2009:129) terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kegiatan penjualan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 499, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kemampuan penjualan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 513, "width": 424, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Transaksi jual beli secara komersial atas barang dan jasa pada prinsipnya melibatkan dua pihak yaitu penjual dan pembeli. Peranan penjual adalah meyakinkan kepada pembeli agar dapat berhasil mencapai sasaran penjualan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kondisi pasar Pasar sebagai kelompok pembeli yang menjadi sasaran dalam penjualan dapat mempengaruhi kegiatan penjualan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 596, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Modal Apabila lokasi pembelian jauh dari tempat penjualan, penjual harus memperhatikan barangnya ke tempat pembeli. Untuk melaksanakan maksud tersebut diperlukan adanya transportasi, tempat peragaan, dan usaha promosi yang mengarah pada pengadaan modal yang cukup.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Faktor lain Faktor lain seperti periklanan, peragaan, pemberian hadiah sering mempengaruhi tingkat pembelian yang dilakukan oleh konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 706, "width": 424, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisa volume penjualan adalah suatu studi yang mendalam tentang masalah penjualan bersih laporan laba rugi. Manajemen perlu menganalisa volume total dan volume penjualan itu sendiri yang didasarkan analisa line dan analisa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "237", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 73, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "segmen pasar seperti teritorial, kelompok pembeli, dan sebagainya Basu Swastha (2009: 141).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hubungan Promosi dan Penjualan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengertian promosi penjualan berbeda dengan promosi, promosi merupakan istilah yang menggambarkan suatu bidang yang luas. Menurut Nickels promosi penjualan adalah kegiatan pemasaran selain periklanan, personal selling , maupun publisitas yang mendorong efektivitas pembelian konsumen Basu Swastha (2009: 279).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biasanya kegiatan promosi penjualan dilakukan bersama dengan kegiatan promosi yang lain, dan biasanya relatif lebih murah dibandingkan periklanan dan personal selling . Promosi penjualan juga lebih fleksibel karena dapat dilakukan setiap saat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada umumnya perusahaan yang ingin mempercepat proses peningkatan volume penjualan akan melakukan kegiatan promosi melalui iklan, personal selling , pemasaran langsung, dll. Apabila volume penjualan dirasakan cukup besar sesuai dengan yang diinginkan serta cukup mantap, biasanya perusahaan menurunkan kegiatan promosi. Akan tetapi seringkali terjadi penurunan penjualan sewaktu perusahaan menghentikan atau mengurangi promosi. Hal ini disebabkan karena beberapa hal seperti konsumen kehilangan daya tarik, produk mulai terlupakan oleh produk pesaing. Salah satu diadakannya promosi adalah untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan. Promosi berpengaruh terhadap penjualan. Promosi penjualan perlu dilakukan meskipun secara berkala agar produk tetap dikenal masyarakat atau konsumen sehingga volume penjualan tetap terjaga (Swastha, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengertian Laba", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 424, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laba biasanya mengacu pada surplus atau kelebihan pendapatan atas biaya. Oleh karena itu, banyak teori mengenai laba yang dikembangkan para ahli sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada. Menurut Harnanto (2002) laba merupakan kenaikan ekuitas atau aktiva bersih yang berasal dari transaksi dan kejadian yang terjadi pada suatu perusahaan dalam satu periode akuntansi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 493, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam definisi diatas, laba merupakan kenikmatan dari penggunaan modal, namun perusahaan ada bukanlah kenikmatan. Tujuannya adalah mendatangkan arus kekayaan demi keuntungan pemiliknya. Laba merupakan indikasi kesuksesan suatu badan usaha, oleh karena itu memperoleh laba merupakan suatu tujuan utama suatu usaha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 568, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis-jenis Laba", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Didalam laporan laba/rugi terdapat berbagai jenis laba, menurut Smith dan Skhousen penerjemah Bob Sabran sebagai berikut : a. Laba kotor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 623, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merupakan selisih antara hasil penjualan bersih dengan harga pokok barang yang dijual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Laba operasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 665, "width": 435, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah laba kotor setelah dikurangi dengan biaya komersil seperti biaya pemasaran serta biaya administrasi dan umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 692, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Laba sebelum dikurang pajak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 706, "width": 435, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah jumlah laba yang diperoleh dengan menambahkan laba operasi dengan hasil lainnya yang dikurangi biaya yang terjadi diluar aktivitas normal perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "238", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Laba bersih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 87, "width": 435, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah sejumlah keuntungan bersih perusahaan setelah dikurangi semua biaya dan pajak. Bagian dari laba bersih inilah yang akan dibagikan sebagai deviden kepada para pemegang saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 134, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengertian Laba Operasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laba terdiri dari beberapa jenis, salah satunya adalah laba operasional. Laba operasional adalah pendapatan dikurangi harga pokok yang dijual dan dikaitkan dengan beban operasi terhadap kegiatan bisnis dari kesatuan normal Soemarso (2005). Menurut Amir Abdi Jusuf (2004) laba operasional adalah selisih pendapatan yang merupakan hasil langsung dari kegiatan usaha perusahaan dikurangi dengan beban usaha langsung dari kegiatan operasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan definis diatas, laba operasional hanya dihasilkan melalui kegiatan bisnis perusahaan dan tidak termasuk kegiatan diluar aktivitas bisnis yang dilakukan perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 278, "width": 313, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Volume Penjualan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya promosi sangat berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan volume penjualan, hal ini diperkuat oleh pernyataan Buchari Alma (2007:157) bahwa pada umumnya apabila dana bertambah untuk kegiatan marketing maka jumlah penjualan meningkat. Menurut Eny Kustiyah (2009) bahwa salah satu jalan untuk menarik dan meningkatkan volume penjualan adalah promosi. Setelah masyarakat mengenal, mengetahui barang yang dipromosikan maka diharapkan mereka mau mencoba membelinya. Dengan demikian tujuan perusahaan untuk menaikkan jumlah penjualan kemungkinan besar akan tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 416, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Basu Swastha (2009:345) promosi dapat dikatakan sebagai komunikasi pemasaran adalah kegiatan komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh pembeli dan penjualan yang membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan di bidang pemasaran. Sedangkan menurut Carter (2009:64) promosi adalah komunikasi informasi antara penjual dan calon pembeli dalam saluran untuk mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 485, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan, tentu saja memerlukan anggaran yang cukup mendanai agar tujuan yang ingin dicapai untuk meningkatkan penjualan dapat tercapai. Sasaran promosi dapat tercapai apabila perusahaan menganggarkan biaya promosi yang memadai. Dengan adanya biaya promosi yang memadai diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan dalam memasarkan produknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyak hal dilakukan oleh perusahaan dilakukan oleh perusahaan didalam mendukung kegiatan promosi misalnya dengan: periklanan, personal selling , dan publisitas . Promosi penjualan untuk meningkatkan volume penjualan. Pada masa pandemi ini setiap perusahaan harus menyadari bahwa dunia usaha di Indonesia telah memasuki persaingan yang tajam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 623, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam keadaan demikian sifat pasar berubah dari sales market menjadi buyer market , yaitu penjual menjadi pembeli. Sebab peranan dari market semakin kompleks dan dianggap penting. Disini timbul suatu masalah bagaimana usaha pemasaran harus dijalankan. Salah satunya cara untuk menarik konsumen dan memberi faktor apakah yang erat dalam mempengaruhi volume penjualan adalah promosi. Dengan demikian tujuan perusahaan menaikkan jumlah penjualan kemungkinan akan tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 720, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melihat pernyataan tersebut maka biaya promosi tentunya memberikan pengaruh terhadap volume penjualan. Dengan demikian perumusan hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "239", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut dapat ditulis sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 101, "width": 329, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H 1 = Biaya promosi berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 157, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena yang diteliti, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Menurut Sugiyono (2019), penelitian kuantitatif merupakan penelitian yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif atau statistik dengan tujuan untuk menguji hipotesis yang telah ditetapkan.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya promosi dan terhadap kinerja perusahaan pada UMKM di Kota Palembang. Data yang telah diperoleh akan diolah dan dianalisa, selanjutnya akan ditarik kesimpulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sugiyono (2017: 80) populasi adalah wilayah generalisasi terdiri atas objek atau subjek yang mempunyai karakteristik tertentu yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya. Yang menjadi populasi penelitian ini adalah laporan biaya promosi dan laporan volume penjualan UMKM di Kota Palembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampel adalah sebagian dari populasi yang karakteristiknya hendak diteliti. Adapun cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Purposive sampling adalah teknik pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan tertentu (Sugiyono, 2019: 85). Teknik ini dilakukan atas dasar pertimbangan sendiri artinya bahwa dalam pengambilan sampel peneliti memilih langsung objek atau data yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini sendiri. Oleh karena itu, yang menjadi sampel penelitian ini adalah UMKM sektor makanan dan minuman di Kota Palembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 452, "width": 153, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 466, "width": 417, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap penelitian ini data primer dapat diperoleh dengan beberapa teknik:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Observasi lapangan, yaitu metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung pada objek penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan data yang berkenaan dengan struktur organisasi, dan aktivitas karyawan dalam menjalankan tugas dan wewenang tugas masing-masing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 535, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Dokumentasi, yaitu metode pengumpulan data melalui dokumen pada objek penelitian yang berhubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kuesioner, yaitu salah satu instrumen krusial dalam pengumpulan data penelitian, khususnya pengumpulan data primer.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 600, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang akan digunakan oleh peneliti adalah teknik survei dengan menyebarkan kuesioner. Survei adalah metode pengumpulan data primer dengan memberikan pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada responden individu. Menurut Sugiyono (2019) kuesioner merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 702, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data adalah proses mencari dan menyusun secara sistematis yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan bahan lainnya (Bogdan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "240", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalama Sugiyono, 2013: 244). Metode analisis data untuk mengukur variabel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS dengan cara memasukkan hasil dalam variabel yang akan diuji. Adapun analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Analisis regresi linear sederhana", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 150, "width": 452, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini dikarenakan penulis akan melakukan suatu peramalan dimana dalam peramalan tersebut melibatkan dua variabel, yaitu variabel independen (biaya promosi terhadap perusahaan pada UMKM di kota Palembang) dan variabel dependen (volume penjualan pada perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang). Variabel dependen disini diduga berdasarkan satu variabel independen. Dalam analisis regresi tersebut hubungan antara variabel independen dengan variabel dependen merupakan hubungan yang linear dan hubungan ini merupakan hubungan statistikal, artinya tidak ada nilai variabel dependen yang pasti untuk setiap nilai variabel independen yang diketahui.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 278, "width": 451, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan perekonomian sangat kompleks sehingga harus dibuat gambaran yang sederhana mengenai hubungan suatu peristiwa dengan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Volume penjualan dipengaruhi oleh empat faktor utama yang merupakan unsur marketing mix, yaitu produk, struktur harga, biaya saluran distribusi, dan biaya promosi. Dalam penelitian ini volume faktor lain seperti pendapatan konsumen, selera konsumen, retailer dianggap tetap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada beberapa asumsi yang mendasari analisis regresi linear sederhana yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 390, "width": 450, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Variabel independen dan dependen mempunyai hubungan linear. Persamaan linear dinyatakan dengan : Yi = α + βXi + ei Keterangan :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 438, "width": 231, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yi = Nilai variabel dependen dalam observasi ke-i.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 456, "width": 393, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "α = Parameter pertama dari persamaan regresi yang menunjukkan nilai Y apabila X = 0. β = Parameter kedua dari persamaan regresi yang menunjukkan slope", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 488, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari garis regret.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 506, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ei = Random eror dalam observasi ke-i, berkaitan dengan proses sampling dan nilainya tetap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 530, "width": 452, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Variabel dependen adalah variabel random kontinyu, sedangkan variabel independen adalah serangkaian nilai yang ditentukan dan bukan random. Variabel independen X adalah variabel yang nilainya sudah dirancang, sedangkan variabel Y nilainya diperoleh melalui proses sampling. Nilai e merupakan sampling eror yang berhubungan dengan variabel random dependen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Distribusi kondisional variabel dependen, untuk berbagai nilai variabel independen tertentu semua berdistribusi normal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 640, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d) Varian dari distribusi kondisional variabel dependen untuk berbagai nilai variabel independen tertentu semuanya sama atau homogen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 668, "width": 451, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e) Nilai observasi yang satu dengan yang lain dari variabel random tidak berkorelasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 451, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persamaan regresi linear untuk menduga nilai variabel dependen Y (volume penjualan perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang) berdasarkan nilai variabel independen X (biaya promosi pada perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang) tertentu dinyatakan dengan: Y = α + Bx .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "241", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah dalam menganalisis data :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 295, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Mendeskripsikan data biaya promosi perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 122, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Mendeskripsikan data volume penjualan perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 136, "width": 451, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Melakukan uji normalitas data biaya promosi dan volume penjualan dengan aplikasi SPSS, yaitu uji one sample Kolmogorov-smirnov test yang hasilnya adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 177, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Descriptive statistics", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 127, "top": 198, "width": 395, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini dilihat jumlah sampel, rata-rata, standar deviasi, nilai terkecil, dan nilai terbesar dari dua variabel yang akan diuji normalitas yakni variabel Y (volume penjualan) dan variabel X (biaya promosi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 239, "width": 232, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. One sample Kolmogorov-smirnov test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 260, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel ini berisi hasil uji normalitas, pengujiannya sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 295, "width": 394, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0 = Data volume penjualan dan biaya promosi berdistribusi normal. Ha =Data volume penjualan dan biaya promosi tidak berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 325, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Ketentuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 127, "top": 344, "width": 395, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0 = Ditolak, jika nilai signifikansi hasil analisis < level signifikansi α = 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 372, "width": 402, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha = Tidak ditolak, jika nilai signifikansi hasil analisis > level signifikansi α = 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 402, "width": 94, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kesimpulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 127, "top": 422, "width": 395, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Apabila nilai signifikansi hasil analisis lebih besar dari level signifikansi α = 0,05, maka H0 tidak ditolak dan kesimpulannya distribusi data volume penjualan dan biaya promosi normal. Setelah itu dapat dilakukan analisis regresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 478, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Menganalisis data biaya promosi dan data volume penjualan dengan SPSS yang hasil analisis regresinya adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 505, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Descriptive statistics", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 526, "width": 396, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini diperlihatkan deskripsi dari kedua variabel yang akan diregresikan. Yakni variabel Y (Volume penjualan ) dengan X (biaya promosi). Isi deskripsi tersebut adalah rata-rata ( means) , standar deviasi dan jumlah kasus (N).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 581, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Correlations", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 602, "width": 396, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada bagian ini ditunjukkan hasil koefisien korelasi. Sebab pada dasarnya dalam melakukan uji regresi perlu dicek terlebih dahulu tingkat korelasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 643, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Model summary", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 664, "width": 396, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Presentase kontribusi yang diberikan oleh X (biaya promosi) terhadap Y (volume penjualan) ditampilkan dalam output ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 692, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Coefficients", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 713, "width": 396, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel ini dikemukakan nilai koefisien a dan b serta harga t- hitung serta tingkat signifikansi. Nilai t adalah nilai yang berguna untuk pengujian, apakah biaya promosi berpengaruh terhadap volume", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "242", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 73, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penjualan atau tidak. Proses pengujiannya adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 88, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 148, "top": 108, "width": 374, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Biaya promosi merupakan salah satu faktor dalam pemasaran yang dapat mempengaruhi volume penjualan selain penetapan harga, produk, dan distribusi (Swastha, 2009:27). Melihat pernyataan tersebut maka biaya promosi tentunya memberikan pengaruh terhadap volume penjualan. Dengan demikian perumusan hipotesis tersebut dapat ditulis sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 191, "width": 371, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0 = Biaya promosi tidak berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan. Ha = Biaya promosi berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 227, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Ketentuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 148, "top": 248, "width": 374, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menguji apakah H0 ditolak atau tidak ditolak maka dilakukan uji signifikansi dengan level signifikansi α = 0,05 yang berarti kemungkinan peneliti salah dalam menolak H0 sebesar 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 291, "width": 375, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0 = Ditolak, jika nilai signifikansi hasil analisis < level signifikansi α = 0,05 dan t-hitung > t-tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 320, "width": 374, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H0 = Tidak ditolak, nilai signifikansi hasil analisis > level signifikansi α = 0,05 dan t-hitung < t-tabel.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 350, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kesimpulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 148, "top": 370, "width": 374, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kesimpulan ini peneliti melakukan perbandingan antara probabilitas (signifikansi) hasil analisis dengan level signifikansi α = 0,05 dan juga perbandingan antara t-hitung dengan t-tabel. Jika hasil perbandingan menunjukkan probabilitas hasil analisis lebih kecil dari 0,05 dan t-hitung lebih besar dari t-tabel maka H0 ditolak, dan kesimpulannya adalah biaya promosi pada Perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan pada Perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang. Jika hasil perbandingan menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas hasil analisis lebih dari atau sama dengan 0,05 dan t-hitung lebih kecil dari t-tabel maka H0 tidak ditolak, dan kesimpulannya adalah biaya promosi pada Perusahaan UMKM di kota Palembang tidak berpengaruh terhadap volume penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 567, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Instumen Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 581, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji instrument penelitian adalah uji kualitas data. Uji kualitas data dilakukan dengan melakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas seperti dibawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 609, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 623, "width": 424, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji validitas untuk mengukur valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner. Uji signifikansi dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan r hitung dengan r software SPSS 25 dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan r tabel dengan = 0,05,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 671, "width": 424, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n = 107, dan degree of freedom (df) = 107-2 = 105, sedangkan r tabel = 0,1900. Berarti jika maka butir pertanyaan tersebut dikatakan valid.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 735, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas dilakukan melalui koefisien reliabilitas dan apabila koefisien", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "243", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 73, "width": 424, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "reliabilitasnya lebih besar dari 0,60 maka secara keseluruhan pernyataan tersebut dinyatakan andal (reliable).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 121, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Merupakan teknik membangun persamaan garis lurus untuk membuat penafsiran, agar penafsiran tersebut tepat maka persamaan yang digunakan untuk menafsirkan juga harus tepat. Uji distribusi normal adalah uji untuk mengukur apakah data kita memiliki distribusi normal sehingga dapat dipakai dalam statistik parametrik. Berdasarkan definisi tersebut maka tujuan dari uji normalitas adalah untuk mengetahui apakah suatu variabel normal atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 203, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah uji normalitas P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual dan uji statistik non-parametrik. Yang dimana uji normalitas P-P Plot of Regression Standardized Residual digunakan untuk melihat model regresi normal atau tidaknya dengan syarat, data dapat dinyatakan berdistribusi normal apabila sebaran titik-titik berada di sekitar garis diagonal, maka nilai tersebut normal. Dan sebaliknya, apabila data menyebar jauh dari diagonal dan mengikuti arah garis diagonal, maka model regresi tidak memenuhi asumsi normalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan, uji statistik non-parametrik dengan Kolmogrov Smirnov (K-S) memiliki kriteria dimana tingkat signifikan (α) = 5 %. Menurut Ghozali (2016) kriteria pengujian ini yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 355, "width": 331, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Apabila nilai sig > 0,05, maka data berdistribusi normal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 369, "width": 360, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Apabila nilai sig < 0,05, maka data tidak berdistribusi normal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 397, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 425, "width": 103, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam menggambarkan profil responden dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menguraikan menurut jenis kelamin, usia, melakukan promosi penjualan, dan jenis usaha. Responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 107 responden yang akan dijelaskan pada tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 494, "width": 378, "height": 234, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Profil Responden No. Profil Jumlah Responden Persentase 1. Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin a. Laki-Laki 68 63,6% b. Perempuan 39 36,4% 2. Berdasarkan Usia a. Dibawah 18 Tahun 3 2,8% b. 19-25 Tahun 29 27,1% c. 26-35 Tahun 46 43,0% d. 36-45 Tahun 17 15,9% e. 46 Tahun Keatas 12 11,2% 3. Berdasarkan Melakukan Promosi Penjualan a. Ya 107 100% b. Tidak 0 0% 5. Berdasarkan Jenis Usaha a. Sektor Makanan 53 49,5% b. Sektor Minuman 9 8,4% c. Sektor Makanan dan Minuman 45 42,1%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 731, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer Diolah 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "244", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan jenis kelamin diketahui bahwa sebagian besar responden dalam penelitian ini adalah berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 68 responden atau sebesar 63,6%. Kemudian sisanya berjenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 39 responden atau sebesar 36,4%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar laki-laki lebih memiliki keahlian dalam berwirausaha dan lebih menyukai persaingan yang kompetitif dibandingkan perempuan serta laki-laki lebih kuat dalam menghadapi masalah yang terjadi dan suka mengambil resiko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 170, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk profil responden berdasarkan usianya diketahui sebanyak 3 responden atau sebesar 2,8% berusia dibawah 18 tahun, sebanyak 29 responden atau sebesar 27,1% berusia 19-25 tahun, sebanyak 46 responden atau sebesar 43% berusia 26- 35 tahun, sebanyak 17 responden atau sebesar 15,9% berusia 36-45 tahun, sedangkan sisanya 8 responden atau sebesar % berusia 46 tahun keatas. Berdasarkan hasil usia di atas bahwa semua responden sangat bervariasi usianya. Berdasarkan hasil usia juga diketahui bahwa responden didominasi dengan usia 26- 35 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil usia dapat dikatakan bahwa usia belum tentu menentukan keberhasilan seseorang karena untuk menjalankan suatu usaha dibutuhkan keterampilan dan keahlian dalam berbisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 308, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk profil responden berdasarkan melakukan promosi penjualan diketahui bahwa semua responden sebanyak 100 responden melakukan promosi penjualan dikarenakan saat menyerahkan kuesioner peneliti sudah menanyakan atas melakukan promosi penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 363, "width": 458, "height": 136, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk profil responden berdasarkan jenis usaha diketahui bahwa sebanyak 9 responden atau sebesar 8,4% bergerak di bidang minuman, sebanyak 45 responden atau sebesar 42,1% yang bergerak di bidang makanan dan minuman, dan sisanya sebanyak 53 responden atau sebesar 49,5% bergerak di bidang makanan. Berdasarkan hasil jenis usaha ini dapat diketahui bahwa tenant food court yang mendominasi berada di sektor makanan. Hal ini dikarenakan makanan ringan banyak diincar oleh para remaja bahkan orang dewasa dimana mereka akan duduk di tenant tersebut sambil berbincang-bincang dan menghabiskan waktu luangnya. Selain ini, makanan ringan atau snack pun bisa dibawa kemana-mana sehingga konsumen tidak hanya duduk di tenant untuk menghabiskannya melainkan bisa sambil berjalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 515, "width": 280, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Analisis Deskriptif Variabel Biaya Promosi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 529, "width": 413, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Biaya Promosi 107 14.000 25.000 20.57009 2.923916 Volume Penjualan 107 18.000 25.000 21.20561 1.658246 Valid N (listwise) 107", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer Diolah, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 618, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas diperoleh N atau jumlah data setiap variabel yang valid berjumlah 107, dari 107 data sampel Biaya Promosi (X), nilai minimum sebesar 14, nilai maksimum 25, nilai mean sebesar 20,57, serta nilai standar deviasi sebesar 2,924 yang artinya nilai mean lebih besar dari nilai standar sehingga penyimpangan data yang terjadi rendah, maka penyebaran nilainya merata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 687, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume Penjualan (Y) dari 107 buah sampel diketahui bahwa nilai minimum sebesar 18, nilai maksimum 25, nilai mean sebesar 21,21, serta nilai standar deviasi sebesar 1,66 yang artinya nilai mean lebih besar dari nilai standar sehingga penyimpangan data yang terjadi rendah, maka penyebaran nilainya merata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "245", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 78, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji validitas untuk mengukur valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner. Uji signifikansi dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan r hitung dengan r software SPSS 25 dan hasilnya dibandingkan dengan r tabel dengan α = 0,05, n = 107, dan degree of freedom (df) = 107-2 = 105, sedangkan r tabel = 0,1900. Berarti jika maka butir pertanyaan tersebut dikatakan valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 182, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Hasil Uji Validitas Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 196, "width": 432, "height": 164, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Item Deleted Corrected Item- Total Correlation Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Y1 37.2710 16.879 .044 .785 Y2 37.3738 16.199 .187 .769 Y3 37.6636 14.867 .359 .751 Y4 37.5514 15.853 .204 .770 Y5 37.8131 14.682 .361 .751 X1 37.2617 14.931 .606 .728 X2 37.4766 14.082 .684 .713 X3 37.7664 13.011 .706 .699 X4 37.6075 13.637 .635 .713 X5 38.1963 11.650 .609 .713 Sumber: Output SPSS 25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji dengan menggunakan SPSS 25 maka didapat hasil bahwa semua pertanyaan dikategorikan valid. Hal ini dikarenakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 521, "top": 391, "width": 7, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 457, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai didapat dari output R atas uji validitas, sedangkan nilai didapat dari jumlah sampel 107 dan nilai taraf signifikan sebesar 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 464, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 478, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas dilakukan melalui koefisien reliabilitas dan apabila koefisien reliabilitasnya lebih besar dari 0,60 maka secara keseluruhan pernyataan tersebut dinyatakan andal (reliable).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 528, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 542, "width": 409, "height": 51, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Variabel Nilai Cronbach’s Alpha (α) Nilai R Tabel Hasil 1 Biaya Promosi 0,762 0,60 Reliabel 2 Volume Penjualan 0,662 0,60 Reliabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 598, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Output SPSS 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 621, "width": 457, "height": 55, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas diketahui bahwa nilai α untuk masing-masing variabel yaitu variabel Biaya Promosi (X) dan Volume Penjualan (Y) memiliki nilai lebih besar dari 0,60. Sehingga dapat dikategorikan bahwa semua variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 693, "width": 104, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 720, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang berdistribusi normal dalam suatu model regresi dapat dilihat dari hasil uji. One Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) dengan tin gkat signifikan (α) = 5% atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "246", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,05. Data dinyatakan berdistribusi normal apabila nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 5% atau 0,05. Hasil pengolahan data uji normalitas dapat dilihat tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 107, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Hasil Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 121, "width": 433, "height": 119, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Unstandardized Residual N 107 Normal Parametersa,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation 1.27002436 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .069 Positive .069 Negative -.054 Test Statistic .069 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .200 c,d", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 243, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Test distribution is Normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Calculated from data.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 156, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Lilliefors Significance Correction.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 279, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. This is a lower bound of the true significance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 292, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Output SPSS 25", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tabel pengujian normalitas di atas, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,200, karena nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari 0,05. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 359, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain menggunakan uji Kolmogorov Smirnov untuk menguji data berdistribusi normal atau tidak, peneliti juga mengguakan uji normalitas P-P Plot of Regression Standardlized Residual yang digunakan untuk melihat model regresi normal atau tidaknya dengan syarat, data dapat dinyatakan berdistribusi normal apabila sebaran titik-titik berada di sekitar garis diagonal, maka nilai tersebut normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 577, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar Hasil Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Output SPSS 25", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 631, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian normalitas diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa titik-titik mengikuti garis diagonalnya sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model regresi memenuhi asumsi normalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 686, "width": 170, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis Uji Regresi Linear Sederhana", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 714, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini variabel independennya, yaitu biaya promosi (X) sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah volume penjualan (Y). Hasil Uji Regresi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Linear Sederhana dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 101, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Hasil Uji Regresi Linear Sederhana", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 81, "top": 114, "width": 432, "height": 82, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Coefficients a Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig, Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 13.705 .881 15.562 .000 Biaya Promosi .365 .042 .643 8.603 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 205, "width": 196, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Volume Penjualan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 224, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diperoleh persamaan regresi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 243, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = 13,705+0,365X1+ e", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 263, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan persamaan diatas dapat diinterprestasikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Nilai Konstanta (a) sebesar 13,705 yang berarti bahwa biaya promosi (X) dianggap konstanta maka nilai rata-rata volume penjualan (Y) sebesar 13,705.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Apabila nilai koefisien regresi variabel pola pikir (X) meningkat sebesar 1 tingkat maka akan meningkat nilai variabel volume penjualan sebesar 0,365 dengan asumsi variabel bebas lainnya tetap atau konstan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 359, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Signifikansi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 373, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji t digunakan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidak pengaruh biaya promosi (X) terhadap variabel volume penjualan (Y). Apabila nilai Sig < 0,05, maka hipotesis ditolak dan apabila nilai signifikansi > 0,05, maka hipotesis tersebut diterima. Uji T dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan t tabel dengan t hitung . Setiap nilai T hasil perhitungan, akan dibandingkan dengan T tabel yang didapatkan menggunakan taraf nyata (nilai Sig). jika nilai t hitung > t tabel maka ada pengaruh variabel bebas (X) terhadap variabel (Y) atau hipotesis diterima dan jika nilai t hitung < t tabel maka tidak ada pengaruh variabel bebas (X) terhadap variabel (Y) atau hipotesis ditolak. Hasil dari uji t dapat disajikan dalam tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 506, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Uji t", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 433, "height": 83, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Coefficients a Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig, Model B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) 13.705 .881 15.562 .000 Biaya Promosi .365 .042 .643 8.603 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 196, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Volume Penjualan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 638, "width": 310, "height": 24, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Statistik T Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Volume Penjualan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 458, "height": 66, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel dapat diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar 8,603 dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0.000. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa nilai t hitung lebih besar daripada nilai t tabel sebesar 1,983 dan nilai Sig lebih kecil daripada 0,05. Dengan demikian maka H1 diterima yang berarti ada pengaruh pada variabel biaya promosi (X) terhadap variabel volume penjualan (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 200, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Promosi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 38, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2685 - 6530", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 47, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Delfi Panjaitan, Desy Lesmana, Mutiara Maimunah)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 431, "top": 47, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 785, "width": 264, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji determinasi berfungsi untuk mengetahui persentase besarnya pengaruh variabel independen dan variabel dependen. Nilai koefisien determinasi ditentukan dengan nilai R Square. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan variabel independen, yaitu biaya promosi. Sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah volume penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 157, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 170, "width": 296, "height": 63, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 340, "top": 188, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Change Statistics", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 53, "top": 211, "width": 500, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Durbin- Watson R Square Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change 1 .643 a .413 .408 1.276058 .413 74.004 1 105 .000 1.678", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 53, "top": 253, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Biaya Promosi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 270, "width": 189, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: Volume Penjualan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 300, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil perhitungan pada tabel 4.8 di atas dapat diketahui bahwa koefisien determinasi (R Square) yang diperoleh sebesar 0,413 atau sama dengan 41,3% yang berarti variabel biaya promosi (X) berpengaruh terhadap variabel volume penjualan (Y) sebesar 41,3%, sedangkan 58,7% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh variabel- variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 383, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 457, "height": 163, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh biaya promosi terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa biaya promosi berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini peneliti memberikan beberapa saran, antara lain :Intrumen dalam mengumpulkan data penelitian adalah kuesioner tertutup, dimana respon dari responden tidak dapat ditanggap penelitin seluruhnya. Sebaiknya untuk penelitian selanjutnya menggunakan instrument lain, yaitu Teknik wawancara, dan kuesioner terbuka.Nilai R Square yang bernilai 41,3% yang berarti variabel biaya promosi (X) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan (Y) sebesar 41,3%, sedangkan 58,7% lainnya dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lainnya yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Sebaiknya untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat menambahkan faktor-faktor lain yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi kinerja perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 604, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 632, "width": 458, "height": 24, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alma, Buchari. (2007). Manajemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa . Edisi Revisi, Bandung CV. Alfabeta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 458, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Carter.K William. (2009). Akuntansi Biaya. Buku 1. Edisi Keempat Belas , Jakarta:Salemba Empat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ghozali, Imam. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate Dengan Program SPSS. Edisi Ketujuh. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 455, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mulyadi. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia (MSDM). Penerbit:Media, Bogor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 454, "height": 16, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Media Akuntansi, Vol. 5 No.2, Maret 2023: 232-249 ISSN 2685 - 6530 E-ISSN 2722 - 5577", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 764, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 458, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simamora, Henry. (2004). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Edisi Ketiga . Yogyakarta: STIE YKPN.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 140, "width": 409, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swasta, Basu. (2008). Manajemen Pemasaran Modern , Yokyakarta, Liberty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 160, "width": 420, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Swasta, Basu. (2009). Manajemen Penjualan . Yokyakarta : BPFE-Yokyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 215, "width": 7, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 181, "top": 32, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOMOLECULAR AND HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019 JUNE, VOL 02 (01)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 58, "width": 85, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ORIGINAL ARTICLE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 23, "width": 10, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 80, "width": 504, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LDL Level in Ischaemic Stroke Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 154, "width": 415, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mayori Rachmawati 1 , Rr. Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani 2 , Paulus Sugianto 3*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 184, "width": 259, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 196, "width": 499, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia 2 Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 269, "width": 205, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 289, "width": 83, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: Received 11 May 2019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 53, "top": 310, "width": 132, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received in revised form 27 May 2019 Accepted 24 June 2019 Available online 30 June 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 364, "width": 97, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Ischemic stroke, Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein, High Density Lipoprotein, Tryglicerides.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 440, "width": 103, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*) Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 195, "top": 289, "width": 359, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction: Stroke is one of the top killers amongst the non-infectious diseases. Ischemic stroke dominates the rate by 87.0% amongst all type of strokes. One of the risk factors for stroke ischemic stroke is atherosclerosis which caused by lipid build-up in the arteries. Methods: This research is a retrospective study on secondary data. Admitted Ischaemic stroke patients. Lipid profile, and Barthel Index were collected from medical record and presented descriptively.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 354, "width": 358, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results: Of the 248 patients, 144 (58.1%) were men, mean age was 59.33. 61.7% ischemic stroke patients have their LDL level elevated, 59.7% HDL decreased, 39.1% total cholesterol elevated, and 33.9% TG elevated. This study also observe the dependency based on Barthel Index of the admitted stroke patients. 75% percents amongst subjects were categorized as “total dependece” are having their LDL level elevated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 408, "width": 357, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion: Most of stroke patients have elevated LDL and HDL while the TG and total cholesterol are mostly optimized. Stroke patients whose admitted with “total dependence” most likely to have elevated LDL in this study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 475, "width": 54, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 487, "width": 241, "height": 266, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amongst the non-infectious diseases in the world, stroke is the second common cause of deaths of long- term disability with high incidence rate and deaths (21.2%) which percentage is higher than ischemic heart disease (8.9%) and diabetes mellitus (6.5%). 1 Based on trends of global burden data from 1990 - 2013, adults aged 20 to 64 years, the global prevalence of ischemic stroke was 7.3 million cases, with men having consistently greater incidence of ischemic stroke than women (133/100.000 and 99/100,000, respectively. 2,3 There are two types of major stroke, ischaemic and haemorrhagic. Ischaemic stroke leads with 87.0% amongst all strokes. 4 Stroke is a clinical manifest of brain dysfunction (local or global) occurs when there are problems at brain’s vessels such as something clogs blood supply to part of the brain (ischemic stroke) or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures (hemorrhagic stroke). 4 Regarding to American Heart Association, Ischemic stroke is an infarct in central nervous system (brain, vertebral spine, and retinal ganglion cells) which manifest with visible symptoms so that it will differentiate from silent stroke. 5 Risk factors for strokes are divided into modifiable and non-modifiable. Age,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 475, "width": 240, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sex, genetics, and race are non-modifiable risk factors. 6 Smoking, alcohol abuse, do no exercise, having history of diseases such as stroke, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases are examples of modifiable risk factors. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 533, "width": 246, "height": 128, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are three major etiology in ischemic stroke which is cardioembolic, vasculopathy, and atherosclerosis. 8, 9 Atherosclerosis is generally caused by LDL accumulation inside vascular endothelial. 1,10,11 Saposnik et al (2014) found that more than 45% patients with recurrent stroke attacks are presented with high LDL level (> 100mg/dL). 12 Thus, measuring lipid profile in ischemic stroke patients could be useful to help diagnostic and therapy. We conducted this study to know LDL level is presented and impact in ischemic stroke patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 672, "width": 37, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 686, "width": 240, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital (Surabaya) from January to March 2018. This research had been approved by research committee of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital (0113/KEPK/III/2018). All admitted Ischemic stroke patients within inclusion criteria: had complete record and lipid profile. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 775, "width": 379, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomolecular and Health Science Journal Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/BHSJ ; DOI: 10.20473/bhsj.v2i1.12743 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 34, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOMOLECULAR AND HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019 JUNE, VOL 02 (01)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 516, "top": 33, "width": 10, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 53, "width": 238, "height": 109, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "exclusion criteria were any data which was incomplete or data couldn’t be read clearly. Age, sex, admission date, lipid profile, and Barthel Index were collected from medical record. The lipid profile which was used to conduct this research was the lipid profile measured when firstly admitted to Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Descriptive data was presented with tables. Barthel index is also used as an additional data to describe the outcome of stroke patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 46, "top": 173, "width": 31, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 187, "width": 238, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From 309 stroke patients whom admitted from January to March 2018, 248 was included into the criteria. 144 patients (58.1% ) were men with men to women ratio was 1.38:1 and average age was 59.61 (SD 13.162). The most common group was 55 – 64 years old. Those range of age was still productive age.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 46, "top": 259, "width": 240, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From table 2 we can see that in this study patients with not optimized LDL level was more common (71.9%). Patients with desirable level of HDL was lower than half of the total patients (40.3 %). The percentage of patients with normal triglycerides level and normal total cholesterol level were dominant.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 46, "top": 331, "width": 241, "height": 109, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stroke patients’ disability was measured by Barthel index. Table 3 explained that patients with total dependency and not optimized LDL level were 75%, patients with severe dependency and not optimized LDL level were 58.3 %, patients with moderate dependency and not optimized LDL level were 75%. Patients with low Barthel index score (slight dependent and independent) were only 10% of all patients whom Barthel index score were recorded.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 46, "top": 449, "width": 237, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Age and Sex distribution of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Ischemic Stroke Patients", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 476, "width": 203, "height": 216, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Age Men Women Total Age (10 years group) <15 1 0 1 15 - 24 1 1 2 25 - 34 5 1 6 35 - 44 9 8 17 45 - 54 31 19 50 55 - 64 53 39 92 65 - 74 29 27 56 75 - 84 11 7 18 85 - 94 2 2 4 >95 2 0 2 Total 144 104 248", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 309, "top": 55, "width": 239, "height": 252, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 Distributions of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Ischemic Stroke Patients Based on Their Lipid Profile Lipid Profile Frequencies % Low Density Lipoprotein Optimal (<100 mg/dl) 70 28.1 Near Optimal (100-129 mg/ dl) 77 31.0 Borderline High (130- 159 mg/dl) 61 24.6 % High (160- 189 mg/dl) 30 12.1 Very High (≥ 190 mg/dl) 10 High Density Lipoprotein Low (< 40 mg/dl) 130 59.7 Desirable (> 40 mg/dl) 118 40.3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 309, "width": 225, "height": 210, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Triglycerides Normal (< 150 mg/dl) 164 66.1 Borderline high (150-199 mg/dl) 37 14.9 High (200- 499 mg/dl) 46 18.5 Very high (>500 mg/dl) 1 0.4 Total Cholesterol Desirable (<200 mg/dl) 151 60.9 Borderline High (200- 239 mg/dl) 61 24.6 High (240mg/ dl) 36 14.5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 309, "top": 530, "width": 237, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Cross table of Barthel index and LDL level in Dr.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 542, "width": 236, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Soetomo General Hospital Ischemic Stroke Patients Admitted Barthel Index LDL Profile Total Opti- mal Near Optimal Bor - derline High High Very High Total 5 6 6 2 1 20 Severe 5 3 4 0 0 12 Moderate 3 3 5 1 0 12 Slight 1 2 0 1 1 5 Indepen- dent 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 14 14 15 4 2 49", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 33, "width": 240, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOMOLECULAR AND HEALTH SCIENCE JOURNAL 2019 JUNE, VOL 02 (01)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 540, "top": 31, "width": 10, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 53, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 68, "width": 240, "height": 313, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From result, male was dominant as stated in previous study that ischemic stroke is more common in men rather than women because men tend to smoke more often than women. 13 Other than smoke habit, estrogen level which is higher in women also become a protective agent for blood vessels. Estrogen treatments have been researched for women who has already in menopause. The theory is still in controversy due to possible side effects of exogenic estrogen, but it is proven that estrogen level is associated with reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. 14 In this study, patients with desirable total cholesterol (60.9%) were more than both the borderline high and high combined (39.1%). A study also found the same result as prior research. 15 Triglycerides level in this study is normal in more than half of the patients (66.1%). Other study also found that more than half of the subjects are having normal triglycerides. 16 According to AHA journal, triglycerides and total cholesterol level aren’t independent risk for ischemic stroke, however there was a suggestion of increased risk for patients with high triglycerides and total cholesterol level. 17 High HDL in blood is considered good. 18 HDL is commonly considered as “good” lipoprotein for its role in carried cholesterol to the liver so that it could be flushed out from the body and lowering risk of atherogenesis process. 11 In this study, it is found that patients with low HDL level (59.7%) is more than patients with high HDL level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 380, "width": 239, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of this study are 71.9 % of the patients have their LDL level elevated. Previous study in 2017 also found the same result. 19 On the other hand, a study by Siddeswari in India found different result, which was patients with elevated LDL level were only 21.6%. 20 Previous studies found that unoptimized LDL has been strongly related with stroke patient’s mortality, poor outcome, and disability. 21.23 LDL is an atherogenic agents because of its tendency of getting built up inside the vascular endothelial and causing atherosclerosis, narrow the vascular and causing stroke .1, 10, 11 The high level of LDL in most of the patients in this study describes the indirect effect of high LDL as a risk factor of ischemic stroke. Patients with total dependency and not optimized LDL level were 75%, and patients with severe dependency and not optimized LDL level were 58.3%. This shows high level of LDL will most likely to have worse outcome. This study has several limitations such as that the use of statin or other dyslipidemia treatments are not being recorded in this study. Further study considering the treatment for dyslipidemia is considered for follow up also study regarding the effect of dyslipidemia drugs on stroke patients’ outcome.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 655, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 669, "width": 238, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study concluded that most subjects have high LDL level which might affect their functional outcome when discharge out of the hospital. This study also finds more than half of all patients have low HDL level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 729, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conflict of Interest", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 53, "top": 743, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The author stated there is no conflict of interest", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 53, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 67, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Indonesia, B.P.d.P.K.K.K.R., Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2013. 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 86, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Feigin, V.L., B. Norrving, and G.A. 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[ { "left": 247, "top": 59, "width": 210, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 247, "top": 75, "width": 214, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682, e-ISSN: 2527-9165 Volume 8 Number 2 | December 2023: 147-157 DOI: 10.15575/join.v8i2.963", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 502, "top": 779, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "147", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 136, "width": 413, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 246, "top": 185, "width": 119, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 199, "width": 326, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Department of Information Systems, Universitas Dinamika, Surabaya, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 221, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 245, "top": 221, "width": 50, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 239, "width": 69, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 233, "width": 430, "height": 211, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received October 31, 2022 Revised May 12, 2023 Accepted May 19, 2023 Published December 28, 2023 Annotation and analysis of online customer reviews were identified as significant problems in various domains, including business intelligence, marketing, and e-governance. In the last decade, various approaches based on topic modeling have been developed to solve this problem. The known solutions, however, often only work well on content with static topics. As a result, it is challenging to analyze customer reviews that include dynamic and constantly expanding collections of short and noisy texts. A method was proposed to handle such dynamic content. The proposed system applied a dynamic topic model using BERTopic to monitor topics and word evolution over time. It would help decide when the topic model needs to be retrained to capture emerging topics. Several experiments were conducted to test the practicality and effectiveness of the proposed framework. It demonstrated how a dynamic topic model could handle the emergence of new and over-time-correlated topics in customer review data. As a result, improved performance was achieved compared to the baseline static topic model, with 25% of new segmented texts discovered using the dynamic topic model. Experimental results have, therefore, convincingly demonstrated that the proposed framework can be used in practice to develop automatic review annotation tools.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 322, "width": 49, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 339, "width": 106, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dynamic topic modeling BERTopic Topic evolution Customer reviews", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 455, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 470, "width": 394, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Valentinus Roby Hananto, Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universitas Dinamika Jl. Raya Kedung Baru No.98, Rungkut, Surabaya, Indonesia. 60298 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 537, "width": 110, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 442, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The fast expansion of the Internet has increased the number of people who write evaluations on e-commerce platforms, resulting in an abundance of online reviews overall. From the user's standpoint, reading online product reviews from previous customers will assist them in better understanding the product's quality and functionalities [1]. Meanwhile, online reviews offer critical information for company shareholders that can help research and develop innovative products, improving customer services and quality control [2]. However, while websites with many informative reviews tend to attract more purchases [3], the sheer quantity of reviews of varying quality can be overwhelming for both consumers and businesses [4]. The vast number of consumer feedback available on e-commerce platforms presents a substantial challenge to organizations when collecting and analyzing relevant information about customer demands and expectations. If a product is top-rated, consumers are more likely to give a significant number of comments, which may include a variety of topics that could be derived, for example, from requirement elicitation [5]. This circumstance, often known as information overload [6], should be addressed so that consumer feedback can be utilized for product or service improvement [7]. A document annotation system is often proposed to solve information overload problems by selecting and categorizing reviews that have been recorded [8] – [11]. Topic modeling techniques, such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), are unsupervised machine learning techniques that extract latent themes from text documents like online reviews. LDA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 58, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 58, "width": 73, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682 e-ISSN: 2527-9165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 769, "width": 356, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "148", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 90, "width": 442, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "methods have been used increasingly as an indispensable business intelligence tool to analyze various online documents [12], [13]. The successful application of topic modeling in solving these and many other semantic classification problems made it a popular approach to assist or even fully automate the data annotation process [14]. However, it is also important to note that dealing with dynamic, constantly flowing volumes of customer review data would require a method capable of handling dynamic content. Developing annotation tools for customer reviews would require the replacement of the basic topic modeling in the system with dynamic topic modeling, e.g., as proposed in [15] – [17]. Dynamic topic modeling, also known as DTM, is used to represent the evolution over time of prevalent themes in various kinds of text, including literature, online content, and customer reviews [16].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 442, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition to the topic modeling approach, text segmentation (TS) approaches have been widely used to identify boundaries of semantic units, such as sentences, paragraphs, and news, to mine opinions and emotions, evaluate sentiment, determine language, and various other applications [18]. Using text segmentation techniques, a document can be broken into smaller coherent units, usually called text segments. Text segmentation is essential in dealing with information overload problems that could happen when users are presented with a lengthy document.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several studies have been conducted to implement Dynamic Topic Modeling (DTM) on customer reviews. Sousa and Becker [15] utilized DTM to summarize the topics expressed by Twitter users in Brazil regarding COVID-19 vaccination. Another study also conducted an analysis of evolving COVID-19 vaccine-related opinions [19]. Meanwhile, Tomasi et al. [17] identified the evolution of topics in the machine learning literature using DTM. A similar approach was proposed to discover the evolution of artificial intelligence in cancer studies [20]. Implementation of DTM was also done on the social media platforms [21].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 347, "width": 442, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study proposes a system to handle dynamic content often found in online customer reviews. The proposed system applied a dynamic topic model to monitor topics and word evolution over time. It would help decide when the topic model needs to be retrained to capture emerging topics. As a result, improved performance was achieved compared to the baseline static topic model. In the previous study, an automatic annotation method was proposed using a text segmentation approach, but it still has limitations when dealing with topic evolution [22]. The main contribution of this study is a method that combines the application of dynamic topic modeling and text segmentation in order to discover topic evolution on customer reviews.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 442, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Section 2 introduces the suggested methods for automatic review annotation based on dynamic topic modeling. Several experiments implementing dynamic topic model to handle the emergence of new and over-time-correlated topics in customer reviews are described in Section 3. The results obtained from the experiments are then discussed. Finally, Section 4 formulates the conclusions and outlines the study's limitations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The proposed method starts with the data collector module, which prepares the required data format, followed by the topic model development module.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 199, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1. Data Collection and Pre-processing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 442, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data collector crawls massive amount of customer review data from popular e-commerce platforms, for instance, from the Amazon dataset [23] that contains 5,789,920 reviews written in English between 1996 and 2014. It was necessary to gather relevant product IDs from inside the reviews' information in order to be able to extract reviews that were tied to specific product categories.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Text pre-processing aims to clean up the dataset by removing unnecessary information and minimizing noise. Essential text pre-processing tasks that are incorporated into the system are listed below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Text cleaning is a task to delete irrelevant elements (such as numbers, stop words, symbols, and pronouns), duplicate data, and too short documents.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tokenization is a task to slice documents into tokens (i.e., words).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 714, "width": 441, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Part of Speech (POS) filtering is a task to tag every word with each corresponding POS and then remove unneeded categories (e.g., interjections).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 91, "top": 43, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN | Volume 8 No. 2 | December 2023: 147-157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "149", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Lemmatization aims at reducing inflectional and derivational forms of a word to its standard dictionary form called lemma, based on morphological analysis and a dictionary (for example, all word “visitor,” “visiting,” and “visits” becomes “visit”).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 444, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. The N- gram model is used to search for multiword concepts (e.g., “swimming pool” and “ice cream”) .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. The bag-of-words (BoW) model stores the pre-processed tokens in vectors that describe the occurrences of tokens within documents. The BoW model is required for training purposes of an LDA model.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 159, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2. Topic Model Development", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The topic model development module focuses on converting the pre-processed text documents into a topic model. The topic modeling process is carried out to generate document clusters, which are subsequently used as a reference model in the text segmentation phase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 99, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. LDA Topic Modeling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 442, "height": 71, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LDA topic modeling works to cluster the pre-processed documents unsupervised, assuming that documents with similar content should be grouped regardless of their structure. The LDA algorithm is applied to the BoW model in an unsupervised fashion. The LDA application assumes that reviews with the same theme have content that is also similar, independent of the word structure. For every document ( 𝑑 ), a distribution of 𝑘 latent topics is computed that serves as the multinomial distribution over each word within the corpus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 442, "height": 131, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One challenge in unsupervised clusterings, such as LDA, is deciding the optimal number of clusters. There are several techniques to evaluate a topic model. The 𝐶 𝑣 coherence score is one of the measurements to find the best number of topics in LDA [24]. The 𝐶 𝑣 coherence measurement can outperform all other configurations of coherence measures. Considering 𝑊 = { 𝑤 1 , ..., 𝑤 𝑁 } as the top- 𝑁 words of a topic, a segmentation 𝑆 is a subset of pairs from W, denoted as 𝑆 = (𝑊 ′ , 𝑊 ∗ ), 𝑊 ′ , 𝑊 ∗ ⊆ 𝑊 . 𝑊 ∗ as the second part of the pair is used to confirm the first part 𝑊 ′ . Common words that have high frequency are more likely to appear on documents. Remarkably, the domain words co-occurring strongly in the real world are scarce. Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information (NPMI) adjusts the frequencies to make them more easily interpretable and less sensitive to high-frequency, co-occurring words. Each word 𝑤 𝑖 is represented by an N -dimensional vector 𝑣⃗(𝑤 𝑖 ) = {𝑁𝑃𝑀𝐼} 𝑗=1,…,𝑁 where 𝑗 -th entry is the NPMI between word 𝑤 𝑖 and 𝑤 𝑖 . It is calculated as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 467, "width": 323, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑁𝑃𝑀𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑃(𝑤 𝑖 , 𝑤 𝑗 ) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 (𝑃(𝑤 𝑖 ), 𝑃(𝑤 𝑗 )) −𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 (𝑃(𝑤 𝑖 , 𝑤 𝑗 ) + 𝜖) (1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 503, "width": 442, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where 𝑃 is the probability of words and 𝜖 is a small constant added to prevent a logarithm of zero. After that, 𝜙𝑆 𝑖 the confirmation measure of a pair 𝑆 𝑖 is then generated by computing the cosine vector similarity of all context vectors (with 𝑢⃗⃗ = 𝑣⃗(𝑊 ′ ) and 𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑣⃗(𝑊 ∗ ) ) by using their dot product and magnitude:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 560, "width": 82, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝜙𝑆 𝑖 (𝑢 ⃗⃗, 𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗) = 𝑢⃗⃗. 𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 255, "top": 575, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "||𝑢⃗⃗||||𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗||", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 511, "top": 567, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 595, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The final 𝐶 𝑣 score is an aggregate of the 𝜙𝑆 𝑖 for each word group pair into a single score based on the arithmetic mean of the given topic:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 627, "width": 323, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐶 𝑣 = 1 𝑁 ∑ 𝜙𝑆 𝑖 (𝑢⃗⃗, 𝑤 ⃗⃗⃗) 𝑁 𝑖=1 (3)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 441, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Utilizing this score allows for comparing topic models derived from a broad range of topic numbers. 𝐶 𝑣 calculations perform counterintuitively when the corpus contains many but irrelevant words. Since it occurs commonly in many corpora, where a standard vocabulary is often repeated in the textual data but is generally uninformative, pre-processing is necessary to alleviate this issue.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 119, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Dynamic Topic Modeling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 444, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Traditional topic modeling approaches are naturally static and thus do not allow for the modeling of documents ordered sequentially. It is understood that dealing with dynamic, constantly flowing volumes of customer review data would require transitioning to dynamic topic modeling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 58, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 58, "width": 73, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682 e-ISSN: 2527-9165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 769, "width": 356, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "150", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 90, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BERTopic, proposed by Grootendorst [25], has progressively gained popularity as a tool for dynamic topic modeling [15], [26], [27]. Figure 1 shows the main components of the BERTopic algorithm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 293, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. BERTopic main components", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 270, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Four critical components used in BERTopic [25] are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 326, "width": 423, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. A transformer embedding model. BERTopic supports several libraries for encoding the text into dense vector embeddings. The Sentence Transformers library provides the most extensive high- performing sentence embedding models.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 361, "width": 424, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) [28] is utilized for the dimensionality reduction of the embedding model. Following the construction of the embedding, BERTopic will compress them into a space with fewer dimensions. The high- dimensional vectors are transformed into two/three-dimensional vectors because high- dimensional vectors to represent text are unlikely to be needed. By applying UMAP, the following clustering step can be done more efficiently.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 431, "width": 424, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) is a hierarchical and density-based clustering method. The method benefits from the easier tuning and visualization of hierarchical data, the handling of irregular cluster shapes, and the identification of outliers [29].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 478, "width": 424, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Cluster tagging using c-TF-IDF is the final step in BERTopic to extract topic representation for each cluster. c-TF-IDF is a modified variant of the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) that BERTopic employs for this purpose.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To interpret topics, BERTopic proposes to associate the terms with the measure c-TF-IDF, which calculates the TF-IDF of the terms by class. The following formula is used to determine the c-TF-IDF scores for each class i:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 562, "width": 322, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑐 − 𝑇𝐹 − 𝐼𝐷𝐹 = 𝑡 𝑖 𝑤 𝑖 𝑥 log 𝑚 ∑ 𝑡 𝑗 𝑛 𝑗=1 (4)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 442, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where 𝑡 𝑖 is the word 𝑡 frequency in class 𝑖 , 𝑤 𝑖 is the number of words in class 𝑖 , 𝑚 is the number of documents, and ∑ 𝑡 𝑗 𝑛 𝑗=1 refers to the total frequency of word 𝑡 across all classes 𝑛 . Words with very high c-TF-IDF scores can be selected for each topic to evaluate the most important terms of each topic and their relation to the others (for example, in a specific period). By adding a temporal dimension to the global representation of the main topics extracted, BERTopic allows us to create a distribution and visualize how topics are represented at different points in time. With the temporal dimension, the representation of the topic at the moment may differ from the global representation. Users can define when the referenced topic model should be updated by monitoring this temporal dimension of BERTopic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 710, "width": 92, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Text Segmentation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 442, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this study, a text segmentation method called TopicDiff-LDA is employed to segment text automatically. The method works as illustrated in the flowchart below (see Figure 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 43, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN | Volume 8 No. 2 | December 2023: 147-157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "151", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 222, "top": 452, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Flowchart of text segmentation method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 443, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The number of topics covered by the trained LDA model corresponds to the size of the vector, denoted by 𝑘 , that is the optimal number of topics determined by the 𝐶 𝑣 score. To optimize the model, the objective function is to minimize 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 , which is a measure of assessing how good a segment model is [30]. Better models have lower perplexity, indicating a lower uncertainty about the text. Higher word likelihood is expected when words often occur in a segment, resulting in a lower perplexity. 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑁 𝑆 is the perplexity score for 𝑁 𝑆 segments in the document collection, corresponding to a given distance threshold 𝑡 . It is computed as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 552, "width": 324, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑁 𝑆 = 𝑒𝑥𝑝 {− ∑ log 𝑝(𝑤 𝑖 ) 𝑁𝑆 𝑖=1 ∑ 𝑁 𝑤𝑖 𝑁𝑆 𝑖=1 } (5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where 𝑁 𝑤 𝑖 represents the number of words in segment 𝑖 , and log 𝑝(𝑤 𝑖 ) is the log-likelihood of words in the segment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 627, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 650, "width": 441, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "An experiment was designed on customer reviews to help users analyze the topicality change over time. This experiment conducts a temporal study to understand the behavior of Amazon customers when purchasing digital cameras.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 60, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1. Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 724, "width": 441, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Customer reviews used in this research come from the “digital camera” part of Amazon review data [23]. An example of a review on the Amazon website is shown in Figure 3. From the dataset, 236,975 reviews were retrieved using the extracted IDs, and the number of unique products was 7,673. Reviews", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 58, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 58, "width": 73, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682 e-ISSN: 2527-9165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 769, "width": 356, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "152", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 90, "width": 441, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "with less than 20 tokens were presumed too short and not meaningful; therefore, these were excluded from further processing steps.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 255, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. An example of a digital camera review from Amazon", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Static Topic Modeling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 442, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To understand whether topics underlying each stance change over time, two static topic models were trained on two different periods of the collected data. This way, it is assumed that their representation of topics would be different. One possible way to divide the dataset is based on the review sequential order. Thus, the dataset was split into set A, the first 35,000 reviews (from July 1999 to December 2007), and set B, the last 35,000 reviews (from December 2015 to September 2018). Table 1 outlines the dataset structure. Deciding on the number of clusters for topic modeling was addressed by computing the 𝐶 𝑣 coherence scores to detect the optimal number of topics (k). The optimal number of topics was defined at k = 40 for set A and k = 50 for set B, as seen in Figure 4. The model generation for each of the two sets was done independently. Therefore, the obtained models do not affect each other’s output.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 421, "width": 352, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Dataset after splitting to set A for the first 35,000 reviews and set B for the last 35,000 reviews", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 179, "top": 431, "width": 232, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Product Set A Set B Number of unique tokens 75,842 39,715 Average words per review 170.87 91.48 Average sentences per review 8.37 5.31 Total number of segments 63,444 45,513", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 240, "top": 631, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Change of 𝐶 𝑣 over the number of topics", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2 shows the most representative terms of the main topics extracted for both datasets. Topics were sorted by their number of reviews, and the top 11 were selected for comparison. The expressions “image,” “quality,” “feature,” and “resolution” that exist in the Topic 1 on both sets represent the general topic of digital camera purchase. The rest of the topics have other similarities but also differences. In topic 2 of set A, the terms “problem” and “repair” show negative sentiment toward the topic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 442, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In contrast, in set B, the terms “return” and “issue” in topic 5 indicate similar concerns about digital cameras. Topic 9 (waterproof camera) is a new topic that emerged in set B and did not exist in set A. The following experiments attempt to utilize dynamic topic modeling that is intended to capture any new over-time-correlated topics (e.g., waterproof camera).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 43, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN | Volume 8 No. 2 | December 2023: 147-157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "153", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 160, "top": 82, "width": 262, "height": 258, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Generated top words on each topic Set A Topic #reviews Top words 1 2,489 digital, image, quality, feature, excellent, resolution 2 1,644 problem, repair, buy, send, fix, warranty 3 1,407 battery, life, charge, rechargeable, last, power 4 1,333 small, size, pocket, carry, fit, little, case 5 1,323 flash, light, low, shot, indoor, focus, dark 6 1,181 review, read, manual, buy, think, know 7 1,069 price, buy, quality, money, well, spend, worth 8 735 screen, lcd, see, viewfinder, large, view 9 556 mode, setting, button, manual, menu, change 10 541 video, movie, sound, record, zoom, clip 11 512 software, computer, work, download, window, driver Set B Topic #reviews Top words 1 2,660 love, quality, amazing, price, awesome, feature 2 2,411 photography, learn, love, want, start, easy, beginner 3 1,623 package, come, product, arrive, happy, receive 4 1,541 tripod, bundle, bag, accessory, extra, include 5 1,526 work, time, try, return, problem, issue 6 1,409 small, carry, pocket, size, easy, fit, travel, light 7 915 shot, light, focus, low_light, flash, setting 8 810 battery, charge, life, charger, last, extra 9 631 water, underwater, waterproof, beach, vacation 10 536 wifi, phone, transfer, app, connect, computer 11 534 mode, manual, setting, auto, shoot, control", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 152, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Dynamic Topic Modeling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BERTopic was implemented as a dynamic modeling technique. In order to train the dynamic topic model, sentence embedding was implemented using all-mpnet-base-v2. This sentence- transformer model was pre-trained to map sentences and paragraphs to a dense vector space of 768 dimensions. In the experiment, the most influential parameters were min_topic_size (the minimum topic size) and nr_topics (the specified number of topics). min_topic_size was initially set to 500, resulting in 51 topics being generated. The hierarchical clustering of the dataset's 51 topics is presented in Figure 5. The more closely connected topics share more terms in common.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 442, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Some of the tools provided by the framework were used to cut the number of topics down to nr_topics because it is challenging to interpret and analyze such a vast number of topics. Calculating the c-TF-IDF matrix of the documents and then iteratively merging the least frequent topic with the most comparable one based on their respective c-TF-IDF matrices were the two steps to reduce the total number of topics. Following several iterations, the final total number of topics ( nr_topics) was 15. The topics, as well as their sizes and representations, were then updated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 58, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 58, "width": 73, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682 e-ISSN: 2527-9165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 769, "width": 356, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "154", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 233, "top": 345, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. BERTopic hierarchical clustering", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 442, "height": 106, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The BERTopic framework includes resources for viewing the topics found and the most important terms. It is also possible to arrange the volume of documents on each topic over time and extract significant terms at specific time intervals. Figure 6 shows the distribution of the topics described in Table 3 over time. In order to assess the evolution of topics over time, the topic with the highest volume of reviews in each position is described. Notably, starting in 2013, the normalized frequency of newer topic s such as topics “waterproof” peaked. One would imply that 2013 is a recommended point to split the dataset and update the topic model. By monitoring the evolution of the topic “waterproof” in the chart, one can notice that the frequency has increased gradually since 2002, indicating a rising trend toward underwater digital cameras.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 605, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. BERTopic monitoring topics over time", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 442, "height": 106, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unlike the previous experiments, which only employed static topic modeling using LDA, dynamic topic modeling using the BERTopic was employed to recognize topic change over time. The temporal analysis included shows the evolution of the arguments represented by the topics over time. Based on the temporal topic suggested by the dynamic topic modeling, it was then decided to incorporate the newly seen topic and update the topic modeling. The updated topic model was then used to implement text segmentation of the TopicDiff-LDA, and the resulting segments were assessed using the 𝐶 𝑣 scores. Table 3 shows the 𝐶 𝑣 scores differences for each class before and after TopicDiff-LDA was implemented, with the growth of segment sizes around 25% on average. It is important to note that the new model performed significantly better ( 𝒑 < 0.001 ) in all topic clusters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 43, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN | Volume 8 No. 2 | December 2023: 147-157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "155", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 71, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Changes in C v coherence and segment growth after incorporating new topics in the text segmentation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 81, "width": 304, "height": 112, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Topic Labels Previous 𝑪 𝒗 New 𝑪 𝒗 Segment Growth (%) 1 general 0.377 0.461 11% 2 photography 0.386 0.465 21% 3 package 0.426 0.482 20% 4 accessories 0.493 0.549 15% 5 problems 0.509 0.567 14% 6 sizes 0.362 0.403 35% 7 light 0.446 0.477 32% 8 battery 0.489 0.538 32% 9 waterproof 0.479 0.535 41% 10 connectivity 0.509 0.613 28% 11 mode 0.514 0.655 28%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 442, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "By manually inspecting the resulting segmented texts, it was found that there are several short reviews containing multiple topics. For example, a review contains the user’s opinion about the camera’s waterproof ability and also the experience when a part of the camera was broken. As can be seen below, this kind of review was challenging to segment and classify since it contains relatively new topics, such as waterproof cameras.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 271, "width": 446, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I love this camera. I think I have had it for about two years. It is waterproof and shockproof. I have taken it razor riding (side by side) and it works well and nothing has happened to it. I will definitely buy this again! It is a great size. I am not sure what happened though. I took it out and the screen was broken. Recently I have been carrying it in my purse since we are redoing a house.\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This review was initially clustered as “problems”. After the new topic is incorporated following the implementation of dynamic topic model, the review can be split and the topic can be identified as “waterproof” and “problems”, respectively:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 446, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I love this camera. I think I have had it for about two years. It is waterproof and shockproof. I have taken it razor riding (side by side) and it works well and nothing has happened to it.\" (waterproof)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 446, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I will definitely buy this again! It is a great size. I am not sure what happened though. I took it out and the screen was broken. Recently I have been carrying it in my purse since we are redoing a house.\" (problems)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 442, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This example illustrates that it was possible to identify the topic of \"waterproof\" after the model was retrained, using dynamic topic modeling. This topic, which appeared in the latter stage of the dataset, had the most significant segment size growth (41%) when the text segmentation was performed (see Table 3). This outcome, therefore, emphasizes the significant contribution of dynamic topic modeling in the proposed method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 442, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Existing topic modeling methods are inherently static and hence cannot handle sequentially ordered documents that include new and over-time-correlated topics. Dynamic topic modeling allows for the incorporation of new, never-before-seen themes. To the best of our knowledge, there is limited application of dynamic topic modeling as a monitoring tool to capture topic evolution in classifier-based methods. The method proposed in this study, which integrates dynamic topic modeling and text segmentation, effectively worked to discover the topic evolution on customer reviews. The experiment demonstrated that 25% of new segmented texts with new topics were generated by dynamic topic modeling.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 442, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A part of the proposed method employs topic modeling as a generative technique for discovering co-occurrence in text documents. The benefit of such a generative model is that there is no language reliance since no external knowledge is involved. Hence, the suggested approach is potentially language-agnostic. However, this capability has not been further examined in the study. In future works, it is recommended to evaluate the established framework with languages other than English. It is also recommended to fully integrate dynamic topic modeling to automatically detect new topics and classify relevant documents in business intelligence applications with diverse languages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 58, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOIN (Jurnal Online Informatika)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 443, "top": 58, "width": 73, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2528-1682 e-ISSN: 2527-9165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 769, "width": 356, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementation of Dynamic Topic Modeling to Discover Topic Evolution on Customer Reviews Valentinus Roby Hananto", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "156", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 90, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. 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[ { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 430, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran Digital Marketing dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan UKM yang Berdampak pada Kesejahtraan Masyarakat di Kab. Purwakata di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 304, "width": 450, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Digital Marketing in Efforts to Increase the Income of SMEs that Have an Impact on Community Welfare in Kab. Purwakata amid the Covid-19 Pandemic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 397, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nardi Sunardi 1 ; Sarwani 2 ; E. Nurzaman AM. 3 ; Pranoto 4 ; R. Boedi Hasmanto 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 389, "width": 265, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1-5 Universitas Pamulang, email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 413, "width": 444, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada masyarakat pelaku UMKM di Kab. Purwakarta adalah memberikan pelaihan mengenai peran digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang Berdampak pada Kesejahtraan Masyarakat di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19,dengan adanya pelaihan ini memerikan meningkatkan pendapatan karena sebagian produk UMKM yang dihasilkan para pelaku usaha di wilayahnya sudah merambah galeri ataupun outlet oleh-oleh. Ada tiga syarat utama yang harus diperhatikan adalah kualitas produk, kuantitas produksi dan pengemasan, Metode pelaksanaan engan mengadakan pendekatan kepada instansi terkait yaitu masyarakat melalui workshop dan sosialisasi serta pelatihan dengan cara pengumpulan ada atau obeservasi, pelatihan dan workshop daan evaluasi hasil. Hasil dari pengabdian yaitu Digital Marketing dapat Meningkatkan Pendapatan UMKM Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 sehingga berdampak pada meningkatnya Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 Kata kunci: Digital Marketing; Pendapatan UKM; Kesejahtraan Masyarakat; Pandemi Covid-19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 574, "width": 441, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of community service for MSME players in Kab.Purwakarta is to provide training on the role of digital marketing in an effort to increase the income of SMEs that have an impact on community welfare in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, with this training illustrates increasing income because some of the MSME products are produced by business people. in its area it has penetrated galleries or outlets. There are three main requirements that must be considered are product quality, quantity of production and packaging. The method of implementation is by conducting an approach to the relevant agencies, namely the community through workshops and socialization and training by collecting or observing, training and workshops and evaluating results. The result of this dedication, namely Digital Marketing, can Increase the Income of Kab. MSMEs. Purwakata Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic so that it has an impact on increasing the welfare of the people of Kab. Purwakata Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic Keyword : Digital Marketing; SMEs income; Public welfare; The Covid-19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 189, "width": 212, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "website. : http://www.openjournal.unpam.ac.id/index.php/JAMH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 103, "width": 136, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 2 • No. 1 • Oktober 2020 Pege ( Hal. ) : 58 – 67 ISSN ( online ) : 2686-5858 ISSN ( print ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 174, "width": 238, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© LPPM Universitas Pamulang JL.Surya Kencana No.1 Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan – Banten Telp. (021) 7412566, Fax (021) 7412491 Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 223, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan potensi Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari dukungan perbankan dalam penyaluran kredit kepada UMKM. Setiap tahun kredit kepada UMKM mengalami pertumbuhannya lebih tinggi dibanding total kredit perbankan. Jumlah pelaku usaha industri UMKM Indonesia termasuk paling banyak diantara negara lainnya, terutama sejak tahun 2014. Terus mengalami perkembangan sehingga diperkirakan hingga akhir tahun 2016 nanti jumlah pelaku UMKM di Indonesia akan terus mengalami pertumbuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 223, "height": 289, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) memiliki peranan yang sangat vital didalam pembangunan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, tidak hanya di negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia tetapi juga di negara-negara maju. Di Indonesia peranan UMKM selain berperan dalam pertumbuhan pembangunan dan ekonomi, UMKM juga memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengatasi masalah pengangguran. Tumbuhnya usaha mikro menjadikannya sebagai sumber pertumbuhan kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan. Dengan banyak menyerap tenaga kerja berarti UMKM juga punya peran strategis dalam upaya pemerintah dalam memerangi kemiskinan dan pengangguran. Kontribusi sektor usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah terhadap produk domestik bruto meningkat dari 57,84% menjadi 60,34% dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Serapan tenaga kerja pada sektor ini juga meningkat dari 96,99% menjadi 97,22% pada periode yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 606, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Purwakarta merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Jawa Barat. Secara Geografis, terletak antara 107030’-107040’ Bujur Timur dan 6025’-6045’ Lintang Selatan. Kabupaten Purwakarta terdiri dari 17 Kecamatan dengan 192, desa/kelurahan dan luas wilayah sebesar 971,72 km2, Penduduk Kabupaten Purwakarta berdasarkan proyeksi penduduk tahun 2019 sebanyak 962.893 jiwa yang terdiri atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 113, "width": 223, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "489.192 jiwa penduduk laki-laki dan 473.701 jiwa penduduk perempuan. Dibandingkan dengan jumlah penduduk tahun 2010 hasil Sensus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 151, "width": 223, "height": 377, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Registrasi Adminduk Dinas Dukcapil, penduduk Kabupaten Purwakarta mengalami pertumbuhan sebesar 1,48 persen. Sementara itu besarnya angka rasio jenis kelamin tahun 2019 penduduk laki-laki terhadap penduduk perempuan sebesar 102. Garis Kemiskinan (rupiah/kapita/bulan) tahun 2019 yaitu 367 273, Jumlah Penduduk Miskin (ribu) 21,6 dan Persentase Penduduk Miskin 7,48% dengan index keparahan Kemiskinan 0,28 %, berdasarkan sumber .BPS, Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional Maret 2020., Dilihat dari beberapa kabupaten yang ada di Provinsi Jawa Barat, terutama kabupaten-kabupaten yang berdekatan dengan Kabupaten Purwakarta yaitu Kabupaten Subang, Cianjur, Bandung Barat, dan Karawang terlihat ketimpangan yang tidak terlalu tinggi. Diantara lima kabupaten tersebut, Kabupaten Purwakarta memiliki nilai laju pertumbuhan PDRB yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kabupaten sekitarnya. Tahun 2019 tercatat Laju pertumbuhan PDRB Kabupaten Purwakarta mencapai 4,38 Persen. Perbandingan beberapa indicator terpilih lainnya, seperti Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM). Pada Tahun 2019 Kabupaten Purwakarta tertinggi ke dua diantara lima kabupaten tersebut yaitu sebesar 70,67.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 530, "width": 223, "height": 150, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Purwakarta, Jawa Barat memiliki sejumlah produk unggulan yang menjadi ciri khas daerah tersebut, diantaranya produk kuliner dan produk kerajinan. Daerah itu memiliki banyak produk kuliner dan kerajinan yang bisa menjadi buah tangan para pengunjung. Diantara produk kuliner dan kerajinan tangan yang diproduksi para pelaku usaha kecil menengah (UKM) di Kabupaten Purwakarta itu adalah Sate Maranggi, Simping Kaum, Peuyeum Bendul dan Keramik Plered.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 682, "width": 223, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah Kabupaten Purwakarta terus berupaya melakukan pemulihan ekonomi, akibat pandemi Covid-19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 720, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khususnya masyarakat Purwakarta yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "selama ini bergelut di sektor UMKM. Apalagi pada masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (AKB), perekonomian mulai bergeliat kembali secara perlahan.UMKM dapat menangkap peluang ekonomi dari pandemi Covid-19 yang kini menuju tatanan kenormalan baru atau new normal. menurut data dari Dinas Koperasi, Perindustrian dan Perdagangan (Diskoperindag) Kabupaten Purwakarta, ada lebih dari 8.000 pelaku UMKM di Purwakarta. Para pelaku usaha ini, tersebar di hampir seluruh desa di 17 kecamatan, yang mayoritas, UMKM ini begerak di sektor makanan dan minuman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 223, "height": 452, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah atau disingkat UMKM memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Peran tersebut diantaranya adalah mampu menyerap tenaga kerja, mengatasi masalah kemiskinan dan membantu pendistribusian hasil-hasil pembangunan (Sofyan Munawar et al., 2015) (Hamzah & Agustien, 2019) (Utama, 2019). Di Indonesia, sektor bisnis seperti fashion¸kuliner dan kerajinan menjadi yang paling diminati. Sedangkan UMKM dalam bidang jasa tidak banyak diminati dikarenakan tantangan untuk berinovasi memberikan pelayanan yang cepat dan efisien yang didukung dengan penggunaan teknologi (Bank Indonesia dan LPPI, 2015). Peranya yang penting sebagai ‘tulang punggung’ perekonomian Indonesia tidak ditunjukan dengan pertumbuhan yang signifikan setiap tahun. Pertumbuhan UMKM di Indonesia terus menurun terutama dalam industri jasa. Dari tahun 1997 sampai tahun 2016, selisih angka penurunan jumlah UMKM mencapai 2,59% (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020). Penyebabnya kegagalan berkembangnya UMKM terletak pada fungsi saluran pemasaran yang tidak optimal (Yusri & Sukardi, 2017). Saluran pemasaran yang baik mencakup segala upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan produk/jasa mulai dari produsen, supplier, distributor hingga konsumen dengan menciptakan & menawarkan nilai (Lukitaningsih, 2013) (Koeswandi et.al, 2018). Dari hulu ke hilir, saluran distribusi yang efektif dibangun dengan trust dan komitmen agar target perusahaan dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tercapai (Suwatno & Koeswandi, 2019). Pada sektor jasa, para anggota saluran pemasaran kurang mengetahui alur saluran sehingga pendistribusian selain tidak efektif tetapi proses penciptaan nilai pun tidak dapat dibangun (Utama, 2019). Salah satunya adalah dikarenakan tidak ada gambaran salur saluran pemasaran yang terintegrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 215, "width": 223, "height": 365, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pemasaran, seringkali penjual tidak langsung menjual barang dagangannya ke pengguna melainkan kepada beberapa perantara terlebih dahulu yang dikenal juga dengan sebutan saluran pemasaran, saluran perdagangan, atau saluran distribusi (Kotler & Keller, 2016). Palmatier et al (2014) menyatakan bahwa saluran saluran ini lah yang berfungsi sebagai gatekeeper atau penjaga gerbang antara produsen dan penggun terakhir. Krafft et al (2015) menambahkan bahwa saluran pemasaran merupakan salah satu elemen yang paling penting dalam rantai penyaluran nilai karena hampir seluruh hasil produksi akan melaluinya dan setiap perantara dalam saluran pemasaran ( distributor, wholesaler, retailer ) memiliki fungsi distribusi yang berbeda beda seperti transportasi, penyimpanan, penjualan, keuangan, serta pembangunan hubungan. Saluran saluran untuk mencapai segmentasi konsumen ini sering kali terdiri dari dua atau lebih saluran. Kotler dan Keller (2016) menyatakan bahwa saluran saluran tersebut disebut juga dengan multichannel marketing dimana perusahaan berada di tengah tengah jaringan nilai, sebuah sistem yang kerjasama yang dibuat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 570, "width": 223, "height": 123, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perusahaan untuk mendapatkan, menambahkan dan menyampaikan nilai dari produk yang ditawarkan. Saluran- saluran pemasaran memiliki peran yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan, karena banyak juga produsen yang tidak memiliki kemampuan finansial dan keahlian yang cukup untuk melakukan penjualan secara langsung yang cukup kepada konsumen (Kotler & Keller, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 696, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada beberapa tingkatan dalam saluran saluran pemasaran dan para ahli pun memiliki pengistilahan yang berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 629, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "namun tetap satu makna dalam menjabarkannya. Saluran pemasaran dimulai dari zero-level channel atau disebut juga direct marketing channel, dari produsen langsung ke konsumen kemudian setiap naik satu tingkatan maka akan bertambah satu perantara seperti retailer, wholesaler, dan jobber. Aturan yang sama pun berlaku untuk tingkatan saluran pemasaran business to business hanya berbeda pengistilahan saja. Kotler dan Keller (2016) menyatakan bahwa ada 4 tahapan yang harus ditempuh oleh manajer dan pengusaha dalam menyusun sistem saluran pemasaran, yaitu Selecting channel member, Training and motivating channel members, Evaluating channel members, dan Modifying channel design and arrangements Dalam tahapan evaluating channel member, manajer akan dihadapkan pada dua keputusan yang cukup penting yaitu dalam menentukan sistem channel power dan mendesain channel partnership. Dalam channel power , Kotler dan Keller (2016) menjelaskan bahwa ada 5 tipe pendekatan yang bisa dilakukan dalam rangka membangun kerjasama dengan tiap salurannya, yaitu Coercive power (produsen memberikan ancaman untuk memberhentikan supply), Reward power (produsen memberikan reward untuk performance yang baik), Legitimate power (produsen meminta perilaku tertentu dari saluran dan hal tersebut tertulis dalam kontrak), Expert power (produsen berusaha menguasai pengetahuan yang belum diketahui oleh saluran saluran pemasaran sebelumnya.), Referent power( produsen memiliki eksklusifitas tertentu sehingga saluran saluran pemasaran merasa bangga bisa menjadi bagian dari sistem.) Armstrong et al (2017) menyatakan bahwa ada 2 sistem pemasaran yang bisa diterapkan dalam saluran pemasaran terintegrasi yaitu Sistem Pemasaran Vertikal: Sistem saluran distribusi yang terdiri dari producers, wholesalers, dan retailers yang berfungsi sebagai sistem terintegrasi. Ada rasa saling memiliki antar anggota saluran pemasaran. Sistem Pemasaran Horizontal: Sistem dimana dua atau lebih perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 237, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "beroperasi dalam level yang sama untuk berkolaborasi dalam mengikuti kesempatan pemasaran yang baru. Armstrong et al (2017) juga menambahkan bahwa akan terdapat konflik yang terjadi dalam saluran pemasaran, dan konflik tersebut dikelompokan dalam 2 tipe yaitu Horizontal conflict, konflik yag terjadi diantara perusahaan perusaaan yang memiliki fungsi yang sama dalam satu level tertentu dan Vertical conflict, konflik yang terjadi antar anggota saluran dalam level yang berbeda. Kotler dan Keller (2016) menjelaskan bahwa penyebab terjadinya konflik konflik ini adalah ketidak sesuaian tujuan antar saluran, ketidakjelasan peran dan hak masing masing anggota, perbedaan pendapat, ketergantungan perantara terhadap produsen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 342, "width": 223, "height": 351, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengatur dan memecahkan masalah yang terjadi dalam konflik, ada beberapa strategi yang bisa digunakan berdasarkan ajuan dari Kotler dan Keller (2016) yaitu Strategic justification (memberikan penjelasan strategis kepada setiap anggota bahwa segmen yang dilayani oleh segmen tertentu tidak terlalu menguntungkan secara penghasilan), Dual compensation (memberikan kompensasi kepada setiap saluran yang bisa membuka saluran baru), Superordinate goal ( menciptakan tujuan pemasaran baru), Employee exchange : pertukaran karyawan antar saluran), Joint membership : (keikutsertaan dalam asosiasi tertentu), Cooptation (menyertakan pimpinan saluran pemasaran dalam dewan penasehat perusahaan), Diplomacy, Mediation, and Arbitration dilakukan pada saat konflik yang terjadi cukup parah. Diplomacy artinya mengirim utusan untuk menyelesaikan masalah, mediation artinya meminta bantuan pihak ke tiga untuk mengkonsolidasi, sedangkan arbitration artinya menyerahkan keputusan kepada pihak lain yang akan memberikan keputusan, Legal resource( menyelesaikan lewat jalur hukum).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 696, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, maka permasalahan yang ingin ditelaah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 444, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712 1. Apakah Digital Marketing dapat Meningkatkan Pendapatan UKM Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 223, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Bagaimana Dampak Digital Marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 223, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan yang dicapai dalam pengabdian ini yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 228, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Mengetahui Digital Marketing dapat Meningkatkan Pendapatan UKM Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Mengetahui dampak Digital Marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 304, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pandemi Covid-19..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 169, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODOLOGI PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 223, "height": 364, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melihat permasalahan yang dihadapi maka langkah-langkah yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan dan sasaran kegiatan ini maka diadakan pendekatan kepada instansi terkait yaitu masyarakat melalui workshop dan sosialisasi serta pelatihan berupa penjelasan peran digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang berdampak pada kesejahtraan masyarakat Kab. Purwakata di tengah pandemi covid-19 Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ditunjukkan dalam Gambar 2. Sebagai awal, maka dilakukan kegiatan pengumpulan informasi untuk mengetahui kondisi lokasi dan kebutuhan riil. Selanjutnya, tim akan melakukan pengabdian dalam dua tahap sekaligus. Pertama, melaku¬kan edukasi, tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya menerapkan strategi pemasaran digital, yang di desian khusus untuk meningkatkan omset penjualan. Kedua, melakukan pengembangan model pemasaran. Dalam tahap ini akan dipa¬parkan model pemasaran yang sudah diran¬cang oleh tim, yang sudah disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan dan kondisi setempat. Salah satu model yang dikembangkan, mengacu pada strategi pemasaran digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 512, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Pelatihan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 524, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelatihan yang dirancang untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia melalui rangkaian kegiatan identifikasi, pengkajian serta proses belajar yang terencana. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang ada, tim akan melakukan pelatihan- pelatihan bagi seluruh pelaku UKM di Kabupaten Purwakata, peran digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang berdampak pada kesejahtraan masyarakat Kab. Purwakata di tengah pandemi covid-19. Adapun metode pelatihannya sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 689, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hari ke 1: pengumpulan informasi/data dan Brainstorming ke UKM yang ada di Kab. Puwakarta (dengan memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kuisioner atau wawancara kepada seluruh Pelaku UKM di Kabupaten Purwakarta) Hari ke 2: Pelatihan Manajemen dalam bentuk memberikan edukasi Pemasaran Digital dan Keuangan serta penerapannya (dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada Pelaku UKM di Kabupaten Purwakarta) Hari ke 3: Evaluasi penerapan Digital Marketin terhadap Pendapatan yang berdampak pada Kesejahtraan Masyarakat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana kegiatan yang akan dilakukan untuk kegiatan ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 291, "width": 120, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tahap persiapan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 291, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persiapan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 291, "width": 223, "height": 251, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ini difokuskan dengan menyiapkan semua peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk melaksanan kegiatan ini, studi literatur dan melakukan koordinasi dengan instansi terkait serta tokoh masyarakat untuk melakukan digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang berdampak pada kesejahtraan masyarakat kab. purwakata di tengah pandemi covid-19 b. Penentuan Lokasi, Pada tahap ini dilakukan kunjungan ke lokasi untuk menentukan tempat (lokasi) pendampingan serta pelatihan berupa penjelasan penerapan digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang berdampak pada kesejahtraan masyarakat kab. purwakata di tengah pandemi covid-19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 223, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Perancangan sistem dan dalam upaya dan strategi mewujudkan kesejahraan masyarakat di kabupaaten Purwakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 608, "width": 223, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melaksanakan program PKM ini, prosedur kerjanya sebagai berikut : 1. Tahap Persiapan Tahap persiapan yang dilakukan meliputi : a. Survei awal, Pada tahap ini dilakukan survei lokasi di Kabupaten Purwakarta jawa barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 696, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Observasi. Setelah survei maka ditentukan pelaksanaan dan sasaran peserta kegiatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Rapat Koordinasi Tim. Pada tahap ini rapat mengenai pembagian tugas, membuat jadwal pelaksanaan, mulai dari persiapan, pelaksanaan, sampai evaluasi dan penyusunan laporan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 190, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 215, "width": 226, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap pengumpulan data penahuluan pengabdian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 241, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Identifikasi sasaran pengabdian Identifikasi sasaran pengabdian dilakukan oleh tim pengabdian yaitu menentukan bagian apa yang bisa berikan kontribusi dan keuntungan dari aktivitas pengabian ini. Didapatkan kegiatan ini terdiri dari perwakilan masyarakat seperti Pengurus UMKM dan Masyarakat sebagai Konsumen akhir. Identifikasi ini diperlukan sehingga aktivitas layanan dapat dijalankan dengan baik dan tepat sasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 546, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Peta Lokasi PKM di Kabupaten Purwakara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 584, "width": 223, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Brainstorming dengan UMKM di Kab. Purwakara Setelah memetakan sasaran pengabdian, kemudian tim pengabdi melanjutkan aktivitasnya dengan bertukar ide. Aktivitas ini memiliki tujuan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 660, "width": 216, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Dapatkan gambaran umum tentang masalah atau kondisi terkait konflik masalah yang dihadapi UMKM Kab. Purwakara termasuk masalah pemasaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 102, "width": 216, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Mengerti apa praktik pemasaran itu sudah dilakukani, sehingga memberikan solusi, dengan memasuki dunia E- Commerce", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 152, "width": 216, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Informasi diperoleh dari hasil diskusi yang sejauh ini pemasaran dilakukan masih sebatas dari mulut ke mulut dan tidak bisa menghubungi pasar yang lebih besar atau market share yang lebih luas karena masih berdasarkan strategi pemasaran tradisional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 376, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 Persiapan berangkat ke Tempat PKM di Purwakara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 414, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Perencanaan kegiatan pelatihan Setelah melakukan brainstorming , lalu tim layanan melakukan perencanaan implementasi kegiatan pengabian termasuk: a) Pelatihan dengan materi yaitu pendahuluan pemasaran dan manajemen digital Bisnis e-commerce. Kegiatan pelatihan diisi oleh Divisi Pemasaran ( Digital ) Dr. Sarwani dan Dr. Endang Ruhiyat sebagai narasumber. Teori", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 541, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berlangsung 2,5 jam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 554, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Diskusi yang intens dengan peserta didampingi diskusi studi kasus di seluruh dunia industri kreatif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 710, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 Penyampaian materi oleh narasumber", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 102, "width": 223, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara, tanya jawab dan pengamatan langsung selama kegiatan berlangsung, kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan hasil sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 165, "width": 223, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Dari hasil eveluasi di lapangan engan adanya pelatihan digital marketing dapat Meningkatkan Pendapatan UMKM Kab. Purwakata di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 215, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Dampak Digital Marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 sangat bermanfaat hasilnya Materi disajikan dalam bentuk presentasi dengan Pelatihan Manajemen dalam bentuk memberikan edukasi Pemasaran Digital dan Keuangan serta penerapannya (dengan memberikan penyuluhan kepada Pelaku UKM di", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 342, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Purwakarta Tahap pelaksanaan yang dilakukan meliputi : a. Sosialisasi Program. Pada tahap awal pelaksanaan dilakukan sosialisasi program kepada calon mitra di kabupaten Purwakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 430, "width": 223, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelatihan/Pendampingan. Sesuai dengan langkah selanjutnya adalah memberikan pelatihan/pendampingan berupa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 468, "width": 209, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelatihan digital marketing dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan UKM yang berdampak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 494, "width": 209, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada kesejahtraan masyarakat kab. purwakata di tengah pandemi covid-19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 544, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi program", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 557, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 557, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dilakukan menurut rencana, sebagai berikut: a) Pelatihan tentang topik pengenalan pemasaran digital dan mengelola bisnis e-commerce. Kegiatan pelatihan dilakukan oleh personel divisi Pemasaran ( digital ) tentang potensi Bisnis online dan penggunaan pembayaran digital, selama satu jam pertama. Peserta menerima fotokopi materi. diberikan secara langsung.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 709, "width": 223, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Penguatan Motivasi Bisnis, oleh Motivator Bisnis, Dr. E Nurjaman dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 102, "width": 209, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengangkat tema bangkit dari kegagalan bisnis. Dengan pelatihan ini, para peserta pengabdian menjadi lebih termotivasi dalam menghadapi kegagalan bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 152, "width": 223, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Diskusi. Setelah kegiatan simulasi dilakukan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan diskusi yang membahas bagaimana upaya itu apa yang mereka lakukan dalam pemasaran produk mereka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4 Implementasi program yang langsung di saksikan oleh camat kiara pedes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi Program", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap evaluasi merupakan penilaian setelah rangkaian kegiatan dilakukan oleh pelaksana sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah ditentukan. Evaluasi ini bisa berupa perbaikan atau saran untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan lebih baik lagi dan kelanjutan menjadi binaan kampus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5 Team Pengabian Masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 101, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Partisipasi mitra", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 114, "width": 223, "height": 137, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pelaksanaan program PKM ini sangat kooperatif dengan memberikan ijin kepada tim untuk melaksanaankan pengabdian binaan kampus, memberikan keterangan baik berupa informasi atau data-data yang dibutuhkan sampai rencana pelaksanaan berupa kegiatan pelatihan/pendampingan nantinya. Dalam pengembangan sarana prasarana yang diperlukan partisipasi mitra dan pemda/lembaga terkait juga. BUMDes, Pemda dan UMKM. dst.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 368, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 Foo bersama engan Mitra PKM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 393, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 412, "width": 223, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari kegiatan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 437, "width": 205, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pelatihan digital marketing dapat Meningkatkan Pendapatan UMKM Kab. Purwakata di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 488, "width": 205, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Dngan adanya pelaihan Digital Marketing sanga berampak pada upaya meningkatkan Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Kab. Purwakata Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 563, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 576, "width": 226, "height": 111, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih kami haturkan kepada unit P3M ( Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat ) Pascasarjana proi Magister manajemen serta Universitas Pamulang yang telah mendanai pengabdian Masyarakat ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga kami haturkan kepada Direktur pascasarjana dan Kaprodi Magister manajemen Unpam semua jajarannya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 690, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sehingga webinar pada pengabdian masyarakat ini dapat terelenggara dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 66", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 114, "width": 9, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 127, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Bagas Hapsoro, Palupiningdyah, Achmad Slamet (2019); Peran Digital Marketing sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Omset Penjualan Bagi Klaster UMKM di Kota Semarang, Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, ABDIMAS 23 (2) (2019): 117-120", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 194, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Tabel Perkembangan pada periode 1997 sampai 2013. https://www.bps.go.id/statictable/2014/01/30/1322/tabel-perkembangan-umkm-pada- periode-1997--2013.html", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 242, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BPS. (2020). Purwakarta Dalam Angka 2020. Purwakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Purwakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadim, A., Sunardi, N., Lesmana, R., & Sutarman, A. (2019). Revitalisasi Fungsi Masjid Sebagai Pusat Penguatan Manajemen Peternak Sapi Rakyat melalui Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Terpadu (LEMPERMADU).(Studi Kasus di Masjid Ainul Yaqin Kel. Jontlak, Kec. Praya, Kab. Lombok Tengah, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat). Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 1(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 455, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kotler, P. (1997). Manajemen Pemasaran Analisis Perencanaan, Implementasi, dan Pengendalian (terjemahan Jaka Wasana). Jakarta: Salemba Empat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 386, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kotler, P., & Keller, K. (2016). Marketing Management (Global Edition). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rudy, R., Sunardi, N., Kartono, K., Sudarso, A. P., & Lutfy, A. M. (2019). Pengelolaan Keuangan Masyarakat untuk Mewujudkan Desa Sejahtera Mandiri di Desa Cihambulu, Kec. Pabuaran Kab. Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 1(1)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 469, "width": 455, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lesmana, R., Sunardi, N., Hasbiyah, W., Tumanggor, M., & Susanto, S. (2019). Manajemen Alokasi Dana Desa dalam Upaya dan Strategi Mewujudkan Desa Sejahtera Mandiri di Desa Cihambulu, Kec. Pabuaran, Kab. Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 1(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 455, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lesmana, R., Sunardi, N., Kartono, K., Rudy, R., & Sumiaty, R. Y. (2020). Implementasi Manajemen dalam Meningkatkan Minat Baca Warga Desa Cihambulu, Kec. Pabuaran, Kab. Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 1(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 455, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lesmana, R., Widodo, A. S., & Sunardi, N. (2020). The Formation of Customer Loyalty From Brand Awareness and Perceived Quality through Brand Equity of Xiaomi Smartphone Users in South Tangerang. Jurnal Pemasaran Kompetitif, 4(1), 1-12.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 455, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sarwani, S., Sunardi, N., AM, E. N., Marjohan, M., & Hamsinah, H. (2020). Penerapan Ilmu Manajemen dalam Pengembangan Agroindustri Biogas dari Limbah Kotoran Sapi yang Berdampak pada Kesejahtraan Masyarakat Desa Sindanglaya Kec. Tanjungsiang, Kab. Subang. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis , 1 (2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunardi, N., Hamsinah, H., Sarwani, S., Rusilowati, U., & Marjohan, M. (2020). Manajemen Pengelolaan Budidaya Ikan Laut (Sea Farming) Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat di Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 1(2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 734, "width": 413, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis Vol.2, No.1 , Oktober 2020 67", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 411, "top": 35, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 279, "top": 48, "width": 254, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 281, "top": 77, "width": 235, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN ( print ) : 2686-5858 & ISSN ( online ) : 2686-1712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sarwani, S., Sudaryana, Y., Sunardi, N., Hamsinah, H., & Nufus, K. (2019). Pengembangan Usaha Koperasi Produksi Akar Wangi “USAR “Sentra Industri Akar Wangi di Kabupaten Garut, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis , 1 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 150, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunardi, N., & Lesmana, R. (2020). Konsep Icepower (Wiramadu) sebagai Solusi Wirausaha menuju Desa Sejahtra Mandiri (DMS) pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. JIMF (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Forkamma) , 4 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 455, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunardi, N., Lesmana, R., Kartono, K., & Rudy, R. (2020). Peran Manajemen Keuangan dan Digital Marketing dalam Upaya Peningkatan Omset Penjualan bagi Umkm Pasar Modern Intermoda Bsd City Kota Tangerang Selatan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Humanis, 2(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 453, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suwatno & Koeswandi, T. (2019). Contextual Marketing Communication. Bandung: Cendikia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 281, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tika Annisa Lestari Koeswandi, Ery Adam Primasakara (2020) Analisis Saluran Pemasaran Terintegrasi UMKM Badii Farm Purwakarta dalam Meningkatkan Volume Penjualan, Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis - Vol 11 No 1 Maret 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 329, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yusri, M., & Sukardi, D. (2017). Faktor-faktor penyebab kegagalan bisnis pada perusahaan mitra jaya abadi. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Start-Up Bisnis, 2(1), 124 –131. https://journal.uc.ac.id/index.php/performa/article/view/445/398", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 88, "width": 416, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GAMBARAN LIKUIDITAS PROFITABILITAS DAN HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN OTOMOTIF YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 236, "top": 133, "width": 139, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Youpick Endan Tricia Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 179, "width": 139, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahim Surachim Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 225, "width": 139, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eded Tarmedi Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 294, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 441, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan – menganalisis gambaran likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham pada perusahaan otomotif. Desain/metodologi/pendekatan – Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif . Objek dalam penelitian ini yaitu perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2016. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan data panel. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan teknik analisis regresi panel yaitu dengan bantuan Eviews 9. Temuan – Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Profitabilitas yang diukur menggunakan Return On Equity perusahan otomotif cenderung menurun. (2) Likuiditas yang diukur menggunakan Current Ratio perusahaan otomotif cenderung menurun. (3) Harga Saham perusahaan otomotif Menurun Orisinalitas/nilai – Penelitian ini memberikan dasar untuk memahami isu-isu gambaran likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham. Perbedaan penelitian ini dengan penelitian sebelumnya adalah pada objek, variabel, teori, Teknik Analisis data serta referensi yang digunakan oleh peneliti dengan peneliti sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 438, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Likuiditas, Profitabilitas, Current Ratio , harga saham, dan Return On Investment Tipe Artikel : Case Study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 503, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 441, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Objectives - analyze the description of liquidity, profitability and stock prices in automotive companies. Design / methodology / approach - This research method uses descriptive method. Objects in this study are automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010-2016. Data collection techniques with panel data. Data analysis technique using panel regression analysis technique with the help of Eviews 9. Findings - The results show that: (1) Profitability measured using Return On Equity automotive companies tend to decrease. (2) Liquidity measured using Current Ratio of automotive companies tends to decrease. (3) Automotive company stock price decreased Originality / value - This research provides a basis for understanding issues of liquidity, profitability and stock price. The difference of this research with previous research is on object, variable, theory, technique of data analysis and also reference which used by researcher with previous researcher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 365, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Liquidity, Profitability, Current Ratio, Stock Price, and Return On Investment Article Type : Case Study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 687, "width": 204, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembangunan ekonomi pada setiap negara tergantung pada sektor keuangan dan pasar modal, sehingga pasar modal memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam bisnis internasional diseluruh dunia. (Suriani, Kumar, Jamil, & Muneer, 2015). Pasar modal dapat menjadi peluang bagi investor untuk menanamkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 664, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "modalnya, hal tersebut sejalan dengan yang diungkapkan oleh Mondal & Imran, (2011) bahwa pasar modal menjamin aliran sumber daya untuk peluang investasi yang paling produktif. Pendapat tersebut diperkuat oleh Brigham & Daves, (2002) yang menyatakan bahwa tujuan pemilik perusahaan atau para pemegang saham atas investasi mereka adalah menciptakan harga saham bagi para pemegang saham. Setiap perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berusaha meningkatkan kinerjanya dengan menunjukkan prestasi yang ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan harga saham perusahaannya (Kussuma, Surachim, dan Tanuatmodjo, 2016) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 204, "height": 233, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga saham merupakan indikator penting dalam pembuatan keputusan di masa depan (Haroon, 2011). Salah satu cara perusahaan dalam memakmurkan pemegang saham adalah melalui maksimalisasi harga saham. (Susanto, 2012) Menurut Nurmalasari Indah (2009) Harga saham mencerminkan nilai dari suatu perusahaan. Jika perusahaan mencapai prestasi yang baik, maka saham perusahaan tersebut akan banyak diminati oleh para investor. Menurut Tabak (2006) Penurunan harga saham akan mendorong penurunan kekayaan investor dalam negeri. Sehingga akan menghambat tujuan perusahaan. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut Fenomena yang dialami perusahaan harus segera ditanggulangi sebab akan menghambat tujuan perusahaan yang mungkin bisa mengarah pada kehancuran perusahaan tersebut (Mulyadi, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 204, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan harga saham perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI menjadi kondisi yang sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena sebagai perusahaan perusahaan yang sudah go public , para pemegang saham akan menarik investasi mereka dan mungkin banyak karyawan yang terkena Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja (PHK). Berikut adalah harga saham keuangan perusahaan otomotif, nilainya seperti yang tertera pada Tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 203, "height": 234, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Nilai Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI, Periode 2010- 2016 Tahun Periode Nilai Harga Saham 2010 9874 2011 9716 2012 4442 2013 4192 2014 4309 2015 4039 2016 2441 Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2018 (Diolah)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 736, "width": 204, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1.1 Rata-rata nilai harga saham perusahaan otomotif dapat dilihat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengalami fluktuasi yang cenderung mengalami penurunan Dapat dilihat pada tahun 2015, rata-rata harga saham perusaaan otomotif mengalami penurunan yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan dengan tahun-tahun sebelumnya. Pada tahun 2010 rata-rata harga saham otomotif berada pada nominal Rp 9.874 kemudian turun menjadi Rp 9.761 pada tahun 2011. Penurunan tersebut berlanjut pada tahun 2012 dan 2013, dimana turun kembali menjadi Rp 4.442 untuk tahun 2012 dan Rp. 4.192 pada tahun 2013. Pada tahun 2014 mengalami kenaikan harga saham sebesar Rp. 117 menjadi Rp. 4.309. Namun pada tahun 2015 mengalami penurunan sebesar Rp 1.868 menjadi 2.441. kemudian pada tahun 2016 mengalami penuruan sebesar Rp 1 menjadi 2440.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 299, "width": 204, "height": 261, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan tersebut cukup membahayakan, mengingat subsektor otomotif merupakan subsektor utama dan unggul serta menjadi cerminan sektor aneka industri itu sendiri, Apabila harga saham subsektor otomotif tersebut terus terjadi menurun maka akan berdampak negatif dan menjadi masalah bagi perusahaan-perusahaan didalamnya, karena harga saham ini berkaitan erat dengan ketertarikan investor, karena dengan menurunnya harga saham menunjukan bahwa kinerja perusahaannya kurang baik. Tinggi rendahnya nilai saham sebenarnya tercermin pada kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Jika suatu perusahaan memiliki kinerja keuangan yang baik maka investor akan menanamkan modalnya, karena dapat dipastikan akan memperoleh keuntungan dari penanaman modal tersebut, sebaliknya jika kinerja keuangan perusahaannya buruk, maka investor enggan menanamkan modalnya di perusahaan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 564, "width": 204, "height": 193, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Arifin, 2001:116) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga saham antara lain: kondisi fundamental perusahaan, hukum permintaan dan penawaran,tingkat suku bunga, kurs valuta asing, dana asing di bursa, indeks harga saham, news and rumors , dividen, laba perusahaan, dan faktor lain. Menurut Alwi bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi harga saham terdiri dari faktor internal dan faktor eksternal (Iskandar Z, 2003:87), sejalan dengan hal tersebut menurut Arifin (2007:116) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga saham antara lain: kondisi fundamental perusahaan, hukum permintaan dan penawaran, tingkat suku bunga, kurs valuta asing, dana asing di bursa, indeks harga saham, news and rumors, dividen, laba perusahaan, dan faktor lain. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut (Jufrizen, 2012)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengungkapkan analisis fundamental atau Pendekatan fundamental berkaitan dengan penilaian kinerja perusahaan, tentang efektifitas dan efsiensi perusahaan mencapai sasarannya. Menurut Habib (2008:91) Kinerja Keuangan diukur dengan banyak indikator, salah satunya adalah analisis rasio keuangan. Gitman, et.al. (2010:72) banyak indikator yang digunakan untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya kinerja keuangan perusahaan, antara lain likuiditas, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, aktivitas dan nilai pasar. Kenyataan yang terjadi dilapangan faktor fundamental lebih sering diteliti dibandingkan faktor ekstenal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 204, "height": 343, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persaingan usaha pada saat ini semakin lama semakin tinggi, sehingga setiap perusahaan harus mampu untuk mempertahankan kinerja perusahaan (Mulyadi dan Saktiawati, 2008). Menurut Habib (2008:91) Kinerja Keuangan diukur dengan banyak indikator, salah satunya adalah analisis rasio keuangan. Gitman, et.al. (2010:72) banyak indikator yang digunakan untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya kinerja keuangan perusahaan, antara lain likuiditas, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, aktivitas dan nilai pasar. Kenyataan yang terjadi dilapangan faktor fundamental lebih sering diteliti dibandingkan faktor ekstenal. Dalam penelitian ini faktor fundamental yang digunakan dalam menentukan perubahan harga saham yaitu likuiditas dan profitabilitas. Penelitian ini hanya memilih faktor yang mempengaruhi harga saham, yaitu likuiditas menggunakan Current Ratio (CR) dan Profitabilitas menggunakan Return on Equity (ROE) sebagai variabel bebas atau independent untuk diteliti dimana penurunan profitabilitas akan menekan pencapaian laba bersih industri dan pada akhirnya menurunkan imbal hasil yang dinikmati pemegang saham. Semakin rendah ROE ini, semakin kecil tingkat keuntungan yang diperoleh pemegang saham (Surahim dan Dintha, 2016). Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham pada perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KAJIAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 204, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Likuiditas ini sering digunakan oleh perusahaan maupun investor untuk mengetahui tingkat kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajibannya. Kewajiban tersebut bersifat jangka pendek. Kewajiban jangka pendek itu seperti, membayar tagihan listrik, gaji pegawai, atau hutang yang telah jatuh tempo. Tetapi terkadang ada beberapa perusahaan tidak sanggup membayar hutang tersebut pada waktu yang telah ditentukan, dengan alasan perusahaan tidak memiliki dana yang cukup untuk menutupi hutang yang telah jatuh tempo tersebut. Irawati (2006) yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 207, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyatakan bahwa likuiditas adalah kemampuan untuk membayar kewajiban yang jatuh tempo. Likuiditas adalah istilah keuangan yang menggabungkan jumlah modal yang tersedia untuk investasi (Rose, 2010). Rasio likuiditas mengukur kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan kas ketika kebutuhan tersebut meningkat (Lyn, 2008:221). Sedangkan menurut Lamberg (2009) menyatakan bahwa ” The liquidity of an asset means how quickly it can be transformed into cash. When fererring to company liquidity on usually means its ability to meet is current liabilities and is usually measured by different financial ratios”. Jenis rasio yang digunakan dalam mengukur likuiditas salah satunya adalah current ratio atau rasio lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 299, "width": 204, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Current ratio yang rendah biasanya dianggap menunjukan terjadinya masalah dalam likuiditas, sebaliknya current ratio yang terlalu tinggi juga kurang bagus karena menunjukan banyaknya dana menganggur yang pada akhirnya dapat mengurangi kemampuan laba perusahaan (Sawir,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 379, "width": 204, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2009:10) . Musthaq (2015) menyatakan bahwa rasio likuiditas meliputi 1) Current Ratio, 2) Quick", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 405, "width": 204, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ratio, 3) Debt to Equity Ratio, 4) Interest Covorage Ratio, 5) Inventiry Turnover, 6) Creditors Turnover, dan 7) Debtors Turnover.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 445, "width": 204, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini rasio yang digunakan untuk menghitung Likuiditas adalah Current Ratio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 471, "width": 206, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kasmir (2012) Current Ratio menunjukkan tingkat keamanan (margin of safety) kreditor jangka pendek, atau kemampuan perusahaan untuk membayar hutang yang jatuh tempo. Current ratio yang terlalu tinggi menunjukkan kelebihan uang Kas atau aktiva lancar lainnya dibandingkan dengan yang dibutuhkan sekarang atau tingkat likuiditas yang rendah daripada aktiva lancar dan sebaliknya. Menurut (Brigham et al., 2009:93) pengukurannya dapat menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 625, "width": 149, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Current Ratio = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 666, "width": 206, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitabilitas menurut Kasmir (2012), adalah rasio untuk menilai kemampuan perusahaan dalam mencari keuntungan. Rasio ini juga memberikan ukuran tingkat efektivitas manajemen suatu perusahaan. Rasio profitabilitas digunakan untuk mengukur hasil akhir dari berbagai kebijakan dan keputusan manajemen dalam menjalankan perusahaan. Rasio ini", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggambarkan tingkat efektifitas pengelolaan perusahaan oleh manajemen, oleh sebab itu akan diperhatikan oleh pemilik modal. Karena investor jangka panjang sangat berkepentingan dengan analisa profitabilitas ini misalnya bagi pemegang saham akan melihat keuntungan yang benar-benar akan diterima dalam bentuk dividen . Menurut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 204, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harahap (2009:305) ”Rasio profitabilitas menggambarkan kemampuan perusahaan mendapatkan laba melalui semua kemampuan dan sumber yang ada seperti kegiatan penjualan, kas, modal, jumlah karyawan, jumlah cabang dan sebagainya”. Menurut L. J. Gitman dan Joehnk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2010:79-82) macam-macam rasio profitabilitas adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Common Size Income Statement", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah laporan laba rugi dimana setiap item dinyatakan sebagai persentase penjualan. 2. Gross Profit Margin Mengukur persentase setiap sisa penjualan yang tersisa setelah perusahaan membayar barangnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Operating Profit Margin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengukur presentase setiap sisa penjualan yang tersisa setelah semua biaya dan biaya selain bunga, pajak, dan saham preferen dikurangkan, \"keuntungan murni\" yang diperoleh dari setiap dolar penjualan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Net Profit Margin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengukur persentase setiap sisa penjualan yang tersisa setelah semua biaya dan pengeluaran, termasuk bunga, pajak, dan dividen saham preferen, telah dikurangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5.Earning per Share (EPS)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 204, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan jumlah dolar yang diterima atas nama setiap saham biasa yang beredar - bukan jumlah pendapatan yang benar-benar didistribusikan kepada pemegang saham. 6. Return on Total Assets (ROA) Mengukur keseluruhan efektivitas manajemen dalam menghasilkan keuntungan dengan aset yang ada, juga disebut return on investment. 7. Return on Equity (ROE) Mengukur laba yang diperoleh dari investasi pemegang saham biasa di perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini rasio yang digunakan untuk menghitung Profitabilitas adalah Return on Equity pengukurannya dapat menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 178, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Return on Equity (ROE) = 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 649, "width": 43, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga saham adalah nilai saham yang ditentukan oleh kekuatan penawaran jual beli saham pada mekanisme pasar tertentu dan juga merupakan harga jual dari investor yang satu ke investor lainnya. Menurut Rusdin (2013) Harga saham ditentukan menurut hukum permintaan penawaran atau kekuatan tawar menawar. Makin banyak orang yang ingin membeli, maka harga saham tersebut cenderung naik. Sebaliknya, makin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "banyak orang yang menjual saham., maka saham tersebut akan bergerak turun. Menurut E. Brigham & Houston (2011) Harga saham adalah nilai pasar dari selembar saham perusahaan, sedangkan menurut Darmadji & Fakhruddin (2012) Harga yang terjadi dibursa pada waktu tertentu. Harga saham bisa berubah naik atau pun turun dalam hitungan waktu yang begitu cepat. Ia dapat berubah dalam hitungan menit bahkan dapat berubah dalam hitungan detik. Hal tersebut dimungkinkan karena tergantung dengan permintaan dan penawaran antara pembeli saham dengan penjual saham. Menurut Iskandar Z (2007), faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pergerakan harga saham yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 260, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Faktor Internal yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 272, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pengumuman tentang pemasaran, produksi, penjualan seperti pengiklanan, rincian kontrak, perubahan harga, penarikan produk baru, laporan produksi, laporan keamanan produk, dan laporan penjualan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 329, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Pengumuman pendanaan (financing announcements), seperti pengumuman yang berhubungan dengan ekuitas dan hutang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 364, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Pengumuman badan direksi manajemen (management board of director announcements) seperti perubahan dan pergantian direktur, manajemen, dan struktur organisasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 410, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4)Pengumuman pengambilalihan diversifikasi, seperti laporan merger, investasi ekuitas, laporan take over oleh pengakuisisian dan diakuisisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 444, "width": 204, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Pengumuman investasi (investment announcements), seperti melakukan ekspansi pabrik, pengembangan riset dan penutupan usaha lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 490, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Pengumuman ketenagakerjaan (labour announcements), seperti negoisasi baru, kontrak baru, pemogokan dan lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 525, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) Pengumuman laporan keuangan perusahaan, seperti Earning Per Share (EPS), Dividen Per Share (DPS), Price Earning Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Return on Equity (ROE), Current Ratio (CR), dan lain-lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 582, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Faktor Eksternal yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 594, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pengumuman dari pemerintah seperti 2perubahan suku bunga tabungan dan deposito, kurs valuta asing, inflasi, serta berbagai regulasi dan deregulasi ekonomi yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 651, "width": 204, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Pengumuman hukum (legal announcements), seperti tuntutan karyawan terhadap perusahaan atau terhadap manajernya dan tuntutan perusahaan terhadap manajernya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 697, "width": 204, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Pengumuman industri sekuritas (securities announcements), seperti laporan pertemuan tahunan, insider trading, volume atau harga saham perdagangan, pembatasan/penundaaan trading.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 743, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Gejolak politik dalam negeri dan fluktuasi nilai tukar juga merupakan faktor yang berpengaruh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "signifikan pada terjadinya pergerakan harga saham di bursa efek suatu negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Berbagai isu baik dari dalam dan luar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada umumnya nilai dari suatu saham diklasifikasikan menjadi empat konsep, yaitu nilai nominal, nilai buku per lembar saham, nilai pasar, dan nilai intrinsik. nilai dari suatu saham dengan empat konsep tersebut sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 78, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Nilai Nominal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan nilai per lembar saham yang berkaitan dengan akuntansi dan hukum. Nilai ini diperlihatkan pada neraca perusahaan dan merupakan modal disetor penuh dibagi dengan jumlah saham yang sudah diedarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 249, "width": 141, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Nilai Buku Per Lembar Saham", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menunjukan nilai aktiva bersih per lembar saham yang merupakan nilai ekuitas dibagi dengan jumlah lembar saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 65, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Nilai Pasar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai suatu saham yang ditentukan oleh permintaan dan penawaran yang terbentuk di bursa saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Nilai Intrinsik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan harga wajar saham yang mencerminkan harga saham yang sebenarnya. Nilai Intrinsik ini merupakan nilai sekarang dari semua faktor fundamental di masa mendatang (yang berasal dari capital gain dan dividen).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 204, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I Wirantha, (2006:39) mengemukakan bahwa, objek penelitian (variabel penelitian) adalah karakteristik tertentu yang mempunyai nilai, skor atau ukuran yang berbeda untuk unit atau individu yang berbeda atau merupakan konsep yang diberi lebih dari satu nilai. Berdasarkan definisi tersebut, objek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham perusahaan otomotif di Indonesia tahun 2010-2016. Adapun yang menjadi variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah likuiditas yang diukur dengan CR dan profitabilitas yang diukur dengan ROE, sedangkan untuk variabel dependennya adalah harga saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 204, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana gambaran likuiditas profitabilitas dan harga saham Perusahaan Sub Sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010- 2016. Sesuai dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan, untuk menghitung likuiditas (variabel X1), profitabilitas (variabel X2) dan harga saham (variabel Y), yaitu dengan cara mendeskripsikan setiap indikator-indikator variabel tersebut dari hasil pengumpulan data yang didapat. Adapun cara untuk menghitung indikator dari setiap variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 732, "width": 204, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengetahui Current Ratio perusahaan menggunakan perhitungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Current Ratio = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐿𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 117, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menghitung profitabilitas dengan Ratio on Equity (ROE)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 138, "width": 178, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Return on Equity (ROE) = 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 149, "width": 203, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 Menghitung harga saham dengan indikator closing price tahunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 182, "width": 204, "height": 170, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan di Perusahaan Sub Sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2010-2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain data panel. Data panel adalah sekumpulan data pengamatan yang diperoleh dari kombinasi data time series dan data cross section . Dengan kata lain data panel yakni sejumlah variabel yang di observasi atas sejumlah kategori dan dikumpulkan dalam satu jangka waktu tertentu. Berdasarkan objek penelitian di atas, maka akan dianalisis mengenai pengaruh likuiditas dan profitabilitas terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2010-2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 354, "width": 204, "height": 239, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tingkat penjelasan dan bidang penelitian, maka jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. menurut Zuriah (2009:47) menyatakan bahwa metode penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang diarahkan untuk memberikan gejala-gejala, fakta-fakta, atau kejadian-kejadian secara sistematis dan akurat, mengenai sifat-sifat populasi atau daerah tertentu. penelitian deskriptif bertujuan untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah aktual yang dihadapi sekarang dan untuk mungumpulkan data atau informasi guna disusun, dijelaskan dan dianalisis. Tujuan deskriptif dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham pada perusahaan otomotif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode explanatory survey. Explanatory survey dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi situasi masalah, yaitu untuk mendapatkan ide-ide dan wawasan kedalam masalah yang dihadapi manajemen atau para peneliti tersebut (Maholtra, 2010:96).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 600, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Operasionalisasi variabel diperlukan untuk menentukan jenis dan indikator dari variabel- variabel yang terkait dalam penelitian ini. Variabel adalah Variabel adalah sesuatu yang dapat digunakan untuk membedakan atau merubah nilai, sebagai sinonim dari konstruk yang dinyatakan dengan nilai atau angka (Wijaya, 2013:13). Operasionalisasi variabel bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis dan indikator variabel terkait.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 707, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan data yang relevan dengan hipotesis penelitian, dilakukan pengukuran terhadap variabel-variabel penelitian. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel independen dan variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Umar (2007) variabel independen adalah variabel yang menjelaskan atau mempengaruhi variabel yang lain, sedangkan variabel dependen adalah variabel yang dijelaskan atau yang dipengaruhi variabel independen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 149, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini terdapat dua variabel yang akan diteliti, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 176, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Variabel bebas (X)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel independen adalah variabel yang dimanipulasi oleh peneliti dan yang efeknya diukur dan dibandingkan pada variabel dependen. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah Likuiditas dan Profitabilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 253, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Variabel terikat (Y)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 269, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel dependen adalah variabel yang dipengaruhi atau yang menjadi akibat karena adanya variabel bebas. Variabel terikat dalam penelitian ini adalah Harga Saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 206, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan sub sektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah laporan laba rugi perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling dengan menggunakan sampling purposive dalam penentuan sampelnya. Menurut Sugiyono (2014:120), nonprobability sampling adalah teknik pengambilan sampel yang tidak memberi peluang/ kesempatan sama bagi setiap unsur atau anggota populasi untuk dipilih menjadi sampel. Sedangkan sampling purposive adalah teknik penentuan sampel dengan pertimbangan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini mengikuti beberapa asumsi/kriteria berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 204, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perusahaan yang diteliti adalah perusahaan yang konsisten listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode penelitian yaitu tahun 2010-2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Perusahaan otomotif yang memiliki laporan keuangan tahun 2010-2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Perusahaan otomotif yang memiliki informasi mengenai likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 204, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik dokumentasi yaitu teknik yang memperoleh data dengan cara mempelajari dokumen yang berkaitan dengan seluruh data yang diperlukan dalam penelitian ini. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif menggunakan rumus perhitungan likuiditas, profitabilitas dan harga saham. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN Gambaran Likuiditas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 434, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Likuiditas ialah kemampuan perusahaan membayar kewajiban-kewajiban jangka pendek yang harus dipenuhi. Apabila perusahaan dapat memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya tepat waktu, maka perusahaan tersebut dapat dikatakan perusahaan yang likuid. Sebaliknya, apabila perusahaan tidak bisa membayar maka dapat dikatakan perusahaan dalam keadaan ilikuid. Likuiditas adalah istilah keuangan yang menggabungkan jumlah modal yang tersedia untuk investasi (Stephen G and Rose, 2010:78). Dalam penelitian ini rasio likuiditas yang akan digunakan yaitu current ratio (CR). Current ratio merupakan rasio keuangan yang populer digunakan untuk menguji likuiditas perusahaan (juga disebut sebagai posisi modal saat ini atau bekerja) dengan menurunkan proporsi aktiva lancar yang tersedia untuk menutupi kewajiban lancar (Nguyen Hoang dkk, 2014). Current ratio menunjukkan sejauhmana aktiva lancar menutupi kewajiban-kewajiban lancar. Semakin besar perbandingan aktiva lancar dan kewajiban lancar semakin tinggi kemampuan perusahaan menutupi kewajiban jangka pendeknya (Munawir, 2007:72). Penelitian yang dilakukan pada Laporan Keuangan Subsektor Otomotif periode 2010-2016, menunjukkan temuan teoritis yang membuktikan bahwa likuiditas yang diukur dengan current ratio dari tahun ke tahun mengalami fluktiatif, namun cenderung mengalami penurunan. Nilai CR dari perusahaan subsektor otomotif setiap tahunnya tidak mencapai batas minimum nilai CR. Penurunan nilai CR diakibatkan oleh nilai hutang lancar yang terus meningkat tanpa diseimbangi dengan peningkatan aktiva lancar. Dampak yang akan diterima apabila nilai CR tersebut terus mengalami penurunan ialah kepercayaan investor ikut menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 525, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut Hasil dari pengolahan data mengenai kategori variabel Likuiditas terlihat pada Tabel 2 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 571, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 582, "width": 161, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rata-rata Likuiditas (Current Ratio) Perusahaan Subsektor otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2010-2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 376, "top": 617, "width": 98, "height": 132, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun Periode Rata-rata Current Ratio 2010 164.65 2011 168.64 2012 161.08 2013 175.94 2014 164.55 2015 136.89", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 204, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2016 152.84 Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2018 (Diolah)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 204, "height": 273, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Tabel 2 dapat dilihat perkembangan likuiditas ( current ratio ) perusahaan subsektor otomotif dari tahun 2010 sampai 2016 Nilai Current Ratio (CR) perusahaan otomotif tahun 2010-2016 mengalami fluktuatif yang cenderung menurun. Rata-rata Current Ratio di tahun 2010 ke 2011 mengalami peningkatan sebesar 2.4 % dari angka 164,65 ke angka 168,64. peningkatan CR tertinggi dialami oleh PT. Indospring yaitu sebesar 86,8% dari angka 128.67 ke angka 240,4. Kemudian rata-rata CR perusahaan subsektor otomotif di tahun 2011 ke 2012 mengalami penurunan sebesar 4.5% dari angka 168,64 ke angka 161.08, pada tahun tersebut penurunan CR tertinggi dialami oleh PT. Selamat Sempurna yaitu sebesar 28.4% dari angka 271.58 ke angka 194,42. Namun rata-rata CR perusahaan subsektor otomotif ditahun 2012 ke 2013 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 9,2% dari angka 161,08 ke 175,94. Namun setelah kenaikan yang cukup signifikan tahun 2014 dan 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 411, "width": 204, "height": 327, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun 2015 mengalami penurunan sebesar 22.2% dari tahun 2013 dan merupakan titik terendah selama 7 tahun dari 175,94 menjadi 136.89. Kemudian rata-rata CR perusahaan subsektor otomotif di tahun 2015 ke 2016 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 11.6% dari angka 136.89 ke angka 152.84, pada tahun tersebut kenaikan CR tertinggi dialami oleh PT. Selamat Sempurna yaitu sebesar 78,6% dari angka 160.08 ke angka 286. Dapat dilihat bahwa rata-rata current ratio perusahaan mengalami fluktuatif yang cenderung menurun. Penurunan nilai CR menggambarkan menurunnya kemampuan perusahaan dalam membayar kewajiban jangka pendeknya. Dapat dilihat rata-rata CR dari perusahaan otomotif mengalami penurunan selama 2 tahun dari 2014-2015. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan mengurangi minat investor dalam menanamkan saham ke perusahaan di subsektor otomotif ini dengan kata lain, CR dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap harga saham yang dinilai oleh investor. Jika diproyeksikan, pertumbuhan rata-rata likuidtias ( current ratio ) pada perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2016 Untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lebih memperjelas dapat dilihat pada gambar 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 221, "width": 204, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2018 (Diolah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 244, "width": 204, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Rata-rata Likuiditas (Current Ratio) Perusahaan Subsektor otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2010-2016 Likuiditas perusahaan yang tinggi akan membuat investor kurang tertarik untuk menanamkan sahamnya, karena hal tersebut menandakan bahwa tingkat hutang perusahaan tinggi. Sebaliknya, jika likuiditas perusahaan rendah, maka investor akan tertarik untuk menanamkan sahamnya, karena hal tersebut menandakan bahwa perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan modal perusahaan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 409, "width": 204, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, hasil penelitian ini didukung oleh penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Erawati (2015) dan Susanto (2012), yang menyatakan bahwa Currrent Ratio (CR) tidak berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap harga saham.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 475, "width": 204, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 1 tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa perkembangan Current Ratio terdefinisikan fluktiatif yang cenderung menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 515, "width": 204, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas CR perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang mengalami fluktuatif yang cenderung turun dari tahun ke tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 568, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Profitabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 579, "width": 204, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui seberapa baik keberhasilan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba diperlukan satu ukuran, ukuran yang digunakan adalah profitabilitas. Profitabilitas merupakan alat ukur perusahaan bagaimana menghasilkan keuntungan bagi perusahaan. Profitabilitas ini digunakan untuk melihat kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengoptimalkan seluruh yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan untuk menghasilkan laba. Menurut Agus Sartono (2010:122), menyatakan bahwa “Profitabilitas adalah kemampuan perusahaan memperoleh laba dalam hubungannya dengan penjualan, total aktiva maupun modal sendiri”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 729, "width": 204, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Return on Equity (ROE). Menurut Lukman Syamsudin (2004:64) Return on Equity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 131, "width": 182, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100 150 200 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 385, "top": 109, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Current Ratio", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 197, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Current Ratio", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 62, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(ROE) adalah salah satu alat pengukuran dari penghasilan (income) yang tersedia bagi pemilik perusahaan atas modal sendiri yang mereka investasikan didalam perusahaan. Selain itu, menurut Sutrisno (2009:253)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 203, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengolahan data mengenai variabel profitabilitas terlihat pada Tabel 3 berikut ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 180, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 Profitabilitas Perusahaan Subsektor otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 204, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Periode 2010-2016 Tahun Periode Rata-rata Return on Equity 2010 21,04 2011 15,28 2012 15,85 2013 11,66 2014 9,32 2015 4,64 2016 -2,67 Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 36, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Diolah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 204, "height": 228, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan perubahan perkembangan rata-rata Return on Equity (ROE) subsektor otomotif tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2016. Berdasarkan data tersebut, rata-rata ROE di tahun 2010 ke 2011 mengalami penurunan sebesar 27.3 % dari angka 21,04 ke angka 15.28. Kemudian rata-rata ROE perusahaan subsektor otomotif di tahun 2011 ke 2012 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 4% dari angka 15.28 ke angka 15.85. Namun pada tahun 2013 hingga 2016 perkembangan rata-rata Return on Equity subsektor otomotif mengalami penurunan secara terus menerus. Penurunan ini sebesar 26% pada tahun 2013 dari angka 15,85 ke angka 11,66 sedangkan pada tahun 2014 penurunan ROE sebesar 20% dari angka 11,66 ke angka 9,32 dan pada tahun 2015 penurunan ROE sebesar 50% dari angka 9,32 ke angka 4,64 kemudian penurunan terbesar yaitu pada tahun 2016 sebesar 157% dari angka 4,64 ke angka -2.67.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 644, "width": 203, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk lebih memudah melihat pergerakan ROE dapat dilihat pada gambar 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 200, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2018 (Diolah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 223, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI, Periode 2010-2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 258, "width": 204, "height": 158, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 2 tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa perkembangan ROE terdefinisikan menurun. Penurunan nilai ROE menggambarkan menurunnya kemampuan perusahaan dalam meningkatkan labanya. Dapat dilihat rata-rata ROE dari subsektor otomotif penurunan selama 4 tahun terakhir yang cukup signifikan dari 2013- 2016. Hal ini dapat mengurangi minat investor dalam menanamkan saham ke perusahaan di subsektor otomotif ini. Investor menilai kinerja perusahaan itu berdasarkan tingkat pertumbuhan laba dengan melihat pertumbuhan ROE. Dengan kata lain, ROE dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap harga saham yang dinilai oleh investor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 419, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Harga saham", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 430, "width": 204, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Rusdin (2013:66) menjelaskan bahwa harga saham ditentukan menurut hukum permintaan-penawaran atau kekuatan tawar- menawar. Semakin banyak orang yang ingin membeli, maka harga saham tersebut cenderung bergerak naik. Sebaliknya, semakin banyak orang yang ingin menjual saham, maka saham tersebut akan bergerak turun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 522, "width": 204, "height": 159, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga saham cenderung menjadi tinggi ketika perusahaan mempunyai banyak peluang bagi investor yang menguntungkan, karena peluang laba berarti pendapatan masa depan yang lebih tinggi untuk pemegang saham. Harga saham yang terlalu rendah sering ditafsirkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan kurang baik sedangkan jikaharga saham terlalu tinggi akan membatasi kemampuan investor untuk membelinya. Hal ini akan berpengaruh terhadap permintaan dan penawaran saham yang pada akhirnya akan membentuk harga suatu saham. Harga saham dalam penelitian ini adalah harga saham penutupan (closing price) pada setiap kuartal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 683, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengolahan data mengenai variabel harga saham terlihat pada Tabel 4 berikut ini: Tabel 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 332, "top": 718, "width": 183, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Otomotif yang Terdaftar di BEI, Periode 2010-2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 95, "width": 182, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-50 0 50 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 ROE ROE", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 393, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Business Management Education | Volume 3, Number 2, September 2018, page. 11-20", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 768, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 139, "top": 88, "width": 90, "height": 151, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun Periode Nilai Harga Saham 2010 9874 2011 9716 2012 4442 2013 4192 2014 4309 2015 4039 2016 2441", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 204, "height": 507, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Annual Report Perusahaan, 2018 (Diolah) Tabel 4 dapat dilihat pergerakan rata-rata harga saham pada perusahaan-perusahaan subsektor otomotif menurun secara terus menerus dalam dua tahun terakhir. Pada tahun 2010 rata-rata harga saham otomotif berada pada angka Rp 9874, harga saham tertinggi terjadi pada PT. Astra International Tbk yaitu sebesar Rp 54.550, sedangkan harga saham terendah terjadi pada PT. Prima Aloy Steel Tbk yaitu sebesar Rp 93. Kemudian pada tahun 2011 turun sebesar 1,7% dari Rp 9874 menjadi Rp 9716. Kemudian pada tahun 2012 hingga 2013 rata rata harga saham perusahaan otomotif terus menurun sebesar 57% dari tahun 2011 dan 5% dari tahun 2012 yakni mencapai angka 4192 pada tahun 2013. Namun pada tahun 2014 rata rata harga saham perusahaan otomotif mengalami kenaikan sebesar 2,8% dari tahun 2013 dari angka 4192 menjadi 4309. Kemudian pada tahun 2015 harga saham perusahaan otomotif kembali mengalami penurunan dari 4039 menjadi 2441. Dan pada tahun 2016 kembali mengalami penurunan sebesar 1 angka dari tahun sebelumnya menjadi 2440. Perkembangan harga saham perusahaan otomotif yang mengalami fluktuatif dari tahun ketahun hal ini cukup menarik mengingat jika harga saham perusahaan tersebut lebih banyak mengalami penurunan, maka akan berdampak negatif bagi perusahaan itu sendiri karena harga saham ini berkaitan erat dengan ketertarikan investor untuk berinvestasi pada suatu perusahaan dalam suatu industri. Semakin tinggi harga saham suatu perusahaan maka semakin besar pula return yang bisa diperoleh para investor. Dalam hal ini artinya jika perusahaan-perusahaan pada subsektor otomotif memiliki harga saham yang rendah dan cenderung menurun maka calon investor enggan untuk menanamkan modalnya karena setiap investor menginginkan return yang besar (Tandelilin, 2010:102)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 88, "width": 174, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 99, "width": 204, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan rumus perhitungan likuiditas , Profitabilitas dan harga saham dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa likuiditas perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016 bersifat fluktuatif yang cenderung menurun. Sementara profitablitas perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016 bersifat fluktuatif yang cenderung menurun kinerja yang cenderung menurun ditunjukkan dengan angka ROE yang semakin rendah. Sedangkan harga saham perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016 cenderung menurun.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 272, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu peneliti berikutnya dalam melakukan penelitian mengenai likuiditas, profitablitas dan harga saham dengan menggunakan perhitungan yang berbeda, sumber teori yang lebih beragam, objek yang berbeda, karena masih banyaknya keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan metode penelitian dan teknik pengumpulan data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 375, "width": 204, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu perusahaan untuk melakukan analisis bagaimana kondisi likuiditas, profitablitas dan harga saham perusahaan subsektor otomotif yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2010-2016. 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Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 346, "top": 490, "width": 45, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 408, "top": 490, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 (1). Retrieved", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 346, "top": 490, "width": 180, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "from http://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 513, "width": 204, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabak, B. M. (2006). The dynamic relationship between stock prices and exchange rates:evidence for Brazil. Working Paper Series , (124), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021902490600397 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 582, "width": 204, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tandelilin, E. (2010). Analisis Investasi dan Manajemen Portofolio . Yogyakarta: BPFE Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 617, "width": 204, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zuriah. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Sosial Dan Pendidikan . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 99, "top": 758, "width": 211, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan oleh Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah, FKIP – UISU Website OJS : https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/mkd/index Alamat Email: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 796, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References Plug-in: Mendeley Reference Manager | Copyright: © Mukadimah UISU 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 176, "top": 71, "width": 187, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M U K A D I M A H", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 71, "width": 47, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 88, "width": 47, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nomor 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 176, "top": 98, "width": 185, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 113, "width": 340, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 2615-1159 | e-ISSN: 2622-1373 Februari 2018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 151, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sitasi artikel ini ( APA 6 th Edition style ):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 164, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pianto, H. A. (2018). Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa dalam Rangka Memupuk Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Pasca Kemerdekaan. MUKADIMAH, 1 (2), 179–187.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 202, "width": 422, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa dalam Rangka Memupuk Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Pasca Kemerdekaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heru Arif Pianto", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 289, "width": 253, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dosen Pendidikan Sejarah STKIP PGRI Pacitan [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 334, "width": 60, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 348, "width": 428, "height": 211, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemilihan topik kegiatan ini didasarkan pada perhatian penulis terhadap perkembangan generasi muda pada era sekarang ini yang sangat memprihatinkan. Pengetahuan terhadap suatu nilai kesejarahan sudah mulai menurun drastis. Mereka sebagian besar hanya membicarakan masalah kekinian saja serta mengesampingkan masa lalu. Sejarah mereka anggap hanya sebagai barang antik yang harus dimuseumkan. Kalangan generasi muda sekarang banyak yang mengidap penyakit amnesia sejarah. Padahal apabila kita amati secara cermat banyak sekali persoalan sekarang ini yang bisa diselesaikan dengan sejarah. Kembali pada tujuan awal bahwa belajar sejarah itu bukan hanya saja untuk mengetahui masa lampau, tetapi lebih dari itu, yaitu untuk melatih manusia lebih bersikap bijaksana dalam menyelesaikan persoalan. Persoalan bangsa selama ini menjadi suatu penghambat dalam majunya suatu negara. Lalu dengan kompleksnya persoalan negara itu, selanjutnya mau dibawa ke arah mana negara ini di masa depan. Semua itu tentunya tugas generasi muda sebagai generasi penerus bangsa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah ini adalah metode penelitian sejarah, dengan cara merekonstruksi masa lampau melalui proses pengujian dan analisis secara kritis terhadap rekaman dan peninggalan masa lampau. Secara garis besar penelitian sejarah terbagi menjadi empat tahapan yaitu, heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 570, "width": 242, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Disintegrasi, Bangsa, Pasca Kemerdekaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 592, "width": 99, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 617, "width": 428, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Potensi disintegrasi bangsa di Indonesia dewasa ini mengalami ancaman serta permasalahan yang kompleks dan harus segera dicarikan solusi ataupun jalan keluar serta pemecahan yang tepat. Apabila hal ini tidak segera dicarikan solusinya, maka akan berdampak pada meningkatnya eskalasi konflik yang berorientasi pada pemisahan diri dari NKRI. Kondisi semacam ini juga dipengaruhi dengan surutnya rasa nasionalisme yang ada di dalam masyarakat serta dapat berkembang menjadi fenomena atau konflik yang terus berkepanjangan dan akhirnya mengarah pada disintegrasi bangsa. Hal itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H e r u A r i f P i a n t o", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "180 MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terjadi karena kompleksnya pengertian bangsa sendiri. Bangsa adalah suatu wilayah komunitas dari tanah kelahiran, seorang dilahirkan ke dalam suatu bangsa yang bercirikan pada fakta biologis ke dalam sejarah, struktural, teritorial dari komunitas kebudayaan (Grosby, 2011, p. 9). Untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut memang sangat diperlukan landasan pemikiran yang pada dasarnya semua itu sudah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah sendiri, landasan pemikiran yang dimaksud adalah Pancasila sebagai landasaan idiil, UUD 1945 sebagai landasan konstitusional, Wawasan Nusantara sebagai landasan visional, serta ketetapan MPR Nomor V/MPR/200 tentang Pemantapan Persatuan dan Kesatuan Nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 428, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka merumuskan kebijakan tersebut, tentunya harus ada upaya dan strategi yang harus dibangun dalam rangka menanggulangi serta mencegah ancaman disintegrasi bangsa dan sangat penting untuk mengetahui karakteristik apa penyebab terjadinya ancaman disintegrasi bangsa yang telah melanda saat ini. Dengan demikian maka sangatlah perlu untuk dapatnya dianalisa melalui beberapa faktor yang penting yang di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 345, "width": 410, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pembangunan moral generasi bangsa melalui penanaman rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 385, "width": 374, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Harus mampu mengelola keanekaragaman masyarakat Indonesia;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 410, "width": 255, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Mencegah timbulnya segala macam konflik;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 435, "width": 272, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Stabilitas keamanan yang mantab dan dinamis;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 460, "width": 203, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Penegakkan hukum yang berlaku;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 484, "width": 260, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Analisis terhadap pengaruh otonomi daerah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 535, "width": 390, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pentingnya Pembangunan Moral Melalui Penanaman Nasionalisme di Lingkungan Sekolah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 575, "width": 428, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasionalisme merupakan manifestasi kesadaran bernegara akan tumbuh dan berkembang di negara merdeka serta mampu berkembang lebih leluasa yang hal ini didasarkan pada kemampuan dan kemauan para warga negara itu sendiri tanpa mengalami tekana dari pihak lain. Sebagai warga negara yang baik hendaknya harus mampu menerapkan cara berpikir nasional yang hal itu merupakan cara berpikir seseorang terhadap kesadaran bernegara dan mempunyai ciri-ciri khusus yang diantaranya berupa norma obyektif artinya selalu mengutamakan kepentingan kehidupan nasional (Muljana, 2008, pp. 6 – 7). Apabila diibaratkan nyawa bagi manusia, nasionalisme itu sendiri merupakan jantung kehidupan suatu negara yang berperan sebagai tiang utama tegaknya negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 40, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018 181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada masa-masa seperti ini sebenarnya lembaga-lembaga pendidikan lebih tepat sebagai fasilitator dalam menumbuh kembangkan rasa nasionalisme terhadap generasi muda. Sekolah merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang pada hakikatnya tidak akan lepas dari tudingan masyarakat apabila disinyalir terdapat kenakalan remaja atau bahkan tawuran antar pelajar. Kenakalan serta merosotnya moral siswa dewasa ini seakan-akan merupakan sebuah cerminan bahwa sekolah sebagai lembaga pendidikan mengalami kegagalan dalam membentuk karakter serta peradaban bangsa Indonesia yang mempunyai martabat yang tinggi. Beban moral yang berat hal ini memang tertujukan kepada guru agama serta guru PPKn yang memang menjadi sasaran untuk mendapatkan tudingan serta dituduh gagal dalam membentuk moral serta kepribadian siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 260, "width": 428, "height": 298, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada dasarnya apabila dikaji secara detail ternyata penyebab kemerosotan moral pada diri anak bukan hanya karena adanya penurunan akhlak, serta kurangnya pemahaman terhadap nilai agama atau bahkan bukan karena guru agama atau PPKn tadi, akan tetapi penyebab kemerosotan moral ini sering terjadi karena faktor dalam lingkungan keluarga anak sendiri, semisal kurangnya perhatian orang tua terhadap anak sehingga anak terabaikan. Salah satu kesalahan besar pemerintah adalah terlalu sibuk dalam mengurusi masalah perekonomian sehingga melupakan terhadap program penanaman nasionalisme dalam diri siswa yang seharusnya bisa dilakukan pada lembaga- lembaga sekolah. Kenyataan semacam ini memang mau tidak mau harus diakui karena rasa nasionalisme sangat berpengaruh terhadap oral siswa. Lembaga pendidikan selama ini menaruhkan kemampuan akademik sebagai urutan nomor satu yang harus dicapai, hal ini memang saya rasa sangat kurang tepat karena dengan kemampuan akademik yang tinggi tanpa diimbangi dengan moral yang baik juga tidak akan memberikan kontribusi terhadap bangsa Indonesia. Dengan nasionalisme yang tinggi anak akan lebih mencintai dirinya sendiri sehingga kemungkinan kecil mereka akan menjerumuskan dirinya untuk hal yang tidak beragama. Mereka mempunyai rasa kebersamaan terhadap teman yang merasa senasib dan sepenanggungan sebagai bangsa Indonesia yang utuh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 193, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memiliki keanekaragaman baik dilihat dari segi ras, agama, suku bangsa adat istiadat serta kondisi faktual yang di satu sisi merupakan kekayaan tersendiri bagi bangsa Indonesia yang membedakan dengan bangsa lain. Keanekaragaman tersebut juga mengandung potensi konflik apabila bangsa Indonesia tidak mampu mengelola dengan baik. Ancaman disintegrasi bangsa di beberapa bagian wilayah sudah berkembang dengan kuat. Oleh karena itu dengan adanya globalisasi ternyata mampu menggeser dan merubah tata nilai dan tata laku sosial budaya masyarakat Indonesia yang pada akhirnya dapat membawa dampak yang besar terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan termasuk pertahanan dan keamanan negara. Sehubungan dengan kondisi semacam itu maka yang sangat diperlukan adalah memupuk nasionalisme yang kuat. Nasionalisme secara teoritis merupakan persatuan secara kelompok dari suatu bangsa yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H e r u A r i f P i a n t o", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "182 MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempunyai sejarah, bahasa, serta pengalaman bersama. Selain itu nasionalisme merupakan salah satu perwujudan rasa cinta bangsa Indonesia terhadap dan tanah air berdasarkan Pancasila. Nasionalisme yang dilandasi oleh Pancasila dapat memberikan tuntunan kepada kita untuk memiliki sikap menjunjung tinggi nilai kemanusiaan, tenggang rasa dan merasa bahwa bangsa Indonesia merupakan bagian dari seluruh umat manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 133, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jadi berdasarkan permasalahan di atas kesimpulanya dapat dikatakan bahwa membangun moral dengan nasionalisme harus ditanamkan sejak dini terutama pada siswa usia SD. Usia SD merupakan usia yang tepat untuk penanaman nasionalisme karena anak-anak seusia mereka belum memiliki pergaulan yang kompleks, sehingga masih sangat mudah untuk diarahkan. Dengan pembiasaan di usia SD ini maka penanaman moral akan lebih mudah dan cepat mengakar serta tertanam dalam diri siswa. Sehingga dengan mengambil langkah ini kemugkinan besar penanaman moral akan lebih berhasil dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 315, "width": 428, "height": 133, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arus globalisasi serta modernisasi dewasa ini membuat para generasi muda yang hanyut dalam berbagai gaya hidup serta sikap individualistis, acuh tak acuh terhadap lingkungan sekitar serta melemahnya tanggung jawab moral. Banyak generasi muda yang hanyut dalam gemerlap dunia serta memanfaatkan waktunya hanya untuk mementingkan kesenangan belaka saja tanpa memikirkan masa depanya. Lebih parah lagi apabila mereka lupa bahwa pada hakikatnya mereka merupakan sumber kekuatan moral yang diharapkan untuk selalu menjunjung tinggi kebenaran sesuai hati nurani serta berjiwa patriotisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 428, "height": 208, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasa nasionalisme dapat pula mendorong mereka untuk lebih menghargai nilai kemerdekaan dan arti hidup dengan mengisinya pada hal-hal yang positif. Kesadaran akan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa sangat penting bagi generasi muda sebagai sistem nilai sehingga secara moral mereka akan berbuat baik dalam setiap tindakan serta gerak hati nuraninya. Satu yang lebih penting lagi bahwa mereka akan pandai dalam melihat peluang untuk mencapai eminensi dalam kehidupanya, kesuksesan masa depanya. Dampak positif nasionalisme telah tercatat sebagai prestasi gemilang dalam sejarah yaitu dengan lahirnya organisasi pemuda yang dinamakan Boedi Oetomo pada tanggal 20 Mei 1908 dan peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda 28 Oktober 1928 yang keduanya mengandung nilai yang sangat urgen berupa kesatuan. Selain itu sumpah pemuda merupakan wujud pengusungan faham nasionalisme, melalui penyatuan keinginan bersama untuk membuat negeri ini merdeka secara penuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada dasarnya disintegrasi bangsa dapat ditanggulangi serta dapat dicegah sedini mungkin. Permasalahan konflik yang terjadi saat ini sangat beraneka ragam yang di antaranya konflik antar partai, daerah, suku, agama dan lain sebagainya ditengarai sebagai akibat dari ketidakpuasan atas semua kebijakan pemerintah pusat, di mana segala sumber serta tatanan hukum di negara ini terpusat. Timbulnya segala macam bentuk permasalahan baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 40, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018 183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masalah yang berkaitan dengan politik, agama, sosial, ekonomi maupun kemanusiaan pada dasarnya mempunyai kesamaan persepsi yaitu dimulai dari ketidakadilan yang diterima oleh masyarakat. Dalam kencenderungan seperti ini, maka perlu sekali ditingkatkan kewaspadaan serta kesiap-siagaan nasional dalam menghadapi ancaman disitegrasi bangsa. Oleh sebab itu untuk mencegah ancaman disintegrasi bangsa ini harus diciptakan keadaan stabilitas keamanan yang mantap dan dinamis dalam rangka untuk mendukung integrasi bengsa serta menegakkan peraturan yang berlaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 200, "width": 260, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa Pasca Reformasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 225, "width": 428, "height": 133, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ancaman disintegrasi bangsa pasca kemerdekaan terutama pasca Reformasi terjadi dalam berbagai bentuk tindakan yang anarkhis dan terjadi di berbagai tempat yang dalam bingkai NKRI. Citra NKRI sebagai negara yang ramah dan berbudaya serta penuh dengan santun sudah mulai luntur ditelan oleh derasnya gelombang arus reformasi itu sendiri. Kemunculan konflik yang berbasis primordial dengan sebab-sebab yang tidak terduga telah memberikan wajah baru pada NKRI. Salah satu penyebab konflik itu sendiri kadang-kadang terjadi karena adanya pandangan bahwa pluralitas, suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan lah yang dianggap sebagai penyebab utama konflik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 369, "width": 428, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Memang secara sadar kita harus mengakui bahwa pasca Reformasi telah terjadi ancaman disintegrasi bangsa yang mencakup lima wilayah. Pertama, kekerasan memisahkan diri di Timor-Timur setelah jajak pendapat tahun 1999 yang pada akhirnya lepas dari cengkraman NKRI. Kedua , kekerasan komunal berskala besar, baik antar agama, intra agama, dan antar etnis yang terjadi di beberapa wilayah seperti Kalimantan Barat, Maluku, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Kalimantan tengah. Ketiga, kekerasan yang terjadi dalam skala kota dan berlangsung beberapa hari seperti Peristiwa Mei 1998. Keempat, kekerasan sosial akibat main hakim sendiri seperti pertikaian antar desa dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 504, "width": 402, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelima, kekerasan yang terkait dengan terorisme seperti di Bali dan Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 529, "width": 429, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan latar belakang seperti di atas, maka pemerintah harus pandai dalam melakukan analisa terhadap pengaruh lingkungan strategi. Setidaknya ada dua hal yang perlu diperhatikan, yaitu Pertama , dalam mengatasi separatisme, gerombolan bersenjata, radikal kiri dan kanan seperti RMS, PKI dan lain sebagainya yang merupakan ancaman serius bagi bangsa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu pemerintah harus tanggap dan cepat bertindak dalam menghadapi permasalahan tersebut, untuk itu pemerintah harus bertindak tegas dalam menyelasaikan masalah separatis maupun sejenisnya demi keutuhan bangsa dan negara serta tidak membiarkan kondisi ini terus berlarut- larut. Kedua, sebagai bangsa yang heterogen Indonesia memiliki bermacam- macam suku, budaya, agama dan adat istiadat berpeluang besar terjadinya konflik komunal. Faktor-faktor keberagaman ini menjadi celah yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak-pihak tertentu mengganggu stabilitas keamanan dan keutuhan Indonesia. Dampak-dampak yang timbul dari konflik di atas menyebabkan terjadinya gelombang pengungsian besar-besaran, kerugian harta benda, korban jiwa serta kerusakan lingkungan dan infrstruktur dalam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H e r u A r i f P i a n t o", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "184 MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jumlah yang banyak, sehingga keamanan nasional masyarakat di daerah konflik dan kondisi stabilitas nasional terganggu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 111, "width": 428, "height": 208, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain analisa terhadap lingkungan, pemerintah juga harus menganalisa terhadap dampak atau pengaruh Otonomi Daerah. Dalam era transisi dari Orde Baru ke era Reformasi kebijakan sentralistik ke desentralistik demokratis sebagaimana yang dituju dalam pemerintahan nasional ditandai dengan pemberlakuan Otonomi Daerah sesuai dengan Undang-undang No. 32 tahun 2004. Ternyata dalam pelaksanaan otonomi daerah masih terjadi kendala- kendala yang mengandung instabilitas yang dapat mengarah melemahnya ketahanan nasional di beberapa daerah bahkan dapat memicu terjadinya disintegrasi bangsa, bila tidak segera ditangani. Suatu contoh kecil adalah dengan pemberian Otonomi Khusus kepada provinsi Papua yang hal ini mereka anggap sebagai suatu diskriminasi pemerintah terhadap orang-orang papua dalam hal status politiknya (Yoman, 2011, pp. 32 – 33). Namun secara umum kendala-kendala yang terjadi dalam Otonomi Daerah di beberapa daerah, di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 330, "width": 410, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Masalah DPRD yang pada konsekuensinya diberlakukanya UU No. 2 Tahun 199 tentang Partai Politik dan UU No. 3 Tahun 199 tentang Pemilu sebagai tuntunan fundamental Reformasi yang selanjutntya melahirkan pemilu secara multi partai. Lahirnya lembaga legislatif yang merupakan perwujudan atau representasi dari partai peserta pemilu memiliki kemampuan yang beragam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 430, "width": 410, "height": 118, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Mengenai perimbangan keuangan daerah dalam UU No. 33 Tahun 2004, Tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah adalah suatu sistem pembagian keuangan yang adil, proposional, demokratis, transparan dan efisien dalam rangka pendanaan penyelenggaraan desentralisasi yang tentunya dengan berbagai pertimbangan yaitu potensi, kondisi dan kebutuhan daerah serta besaran pendanaan penyelenggaraan dekonsentrasi dan tugas pembantuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 559, "width": 410, "height": 103, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Dampak dari agenda nasional dan pengaruh isu global terutama demokratisasi dan hak asasi manusia, dalam hal ini mengandung pengertian bahwa masyarakat selama ini semakin paham akan semua haknya sebagai warga negara, akan tetapi muncul kecenderungan kurang begitu memahami terhadap kewajibanya, justru mereka semakin kritis, reaktif dan proaktif dalam menuntut hak-haknya kepada pemerintah yang tanpa berpikir panjang atas kesulitan pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 673, "width": 410, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Dana bantuan dari pemerintah pusat diberikan kepada beberapa daerah khusus dalam masalah pendanaan membuat para pejabat daerah yang mendapatkan dana tersebut terbuai akan pencairan dana tersebut sehingga mereka melupakan akan pembangunan daerahnya tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 743, "width": 422, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha-usaha Penyelesaian masalah Disintegrasi Bangsa Pasca Kemerdekaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 317, "top": 40, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018 185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 208, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia akan disintegrasi atau tidak pasti akan menimbulkan pro dan kontra yang disebabkan dari sudut pandang mana yang digunakan. Reformasi sudah berjalan kurang lebih 10 tahun, apa yan telah didapat, bahkan rakyat kecil sudah mulai menilai bahwa kehidupan di masa Orde Baru lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan saat ini. Pandapat rakyat tersebut terjadi karena hanya dilihat dari sudut pandang harga kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari dan itu tidak salah karena hanya satu hal tersebut yang ada di benak mereka. Kemudian ada kelompok masyarakat yang selalu menuntut kebebasan, dan oleh kelompok yang lain dikatakan sudah keblabasan. Kemudian timbul kembali pertanyaan apa itu Reformasi? Yang jelas bangsa Indonesia semua menginginkan kehidupan yang lebih baik melalui reformasi setelah hidup di era Orde Baru. Dengan demikian bangsa ini sudah mendekati disintegrasi kalau tidak memiliki pegangan. Ada beberapa hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh bangsa dan negara ini dalam upaya untuk bangkit kembali, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 290, "width": 410, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Pancasila dan UUD 1945 harus digemakan lagi sampai ke rakyat yang paling bawah, dalam rangka pemahaman dan penghayatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 330, "width": 410, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) GBHN yang pernah ada yang dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam membangun bangsa dan negara perlu dihidupkan kembali.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 370, "width": 410, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Para tokoh dan elite bangsa harus dapat memberi contoh dan menjadi contoh rakyat, jangan selalu berkelahi dan saling caci maki hanya untuk kepentingan kelompok atau partai politiknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 425, "width": 410, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Budaya bangsa yang adi luhung hendaknya diangkat untuk diingat dan dilaksanakan oleh bangsa ini yaitu budaya saling hormat-menghormati.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 464, "width": 410, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) TNI dan POLRI harus segera dibangun dengan tahapan yang jelas yang ditentukan oleh DPR. Jangan ada lagi curiga atau mencurigai antar unsur bangsa ini karena keselamatan bangsa dan negara sudah terancam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 534, "width": 428, "height": 133, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain beberapa hal di atas pencegahan disintegrasi bangsa juga sangat berkaitan dengan kondisi moral sosial masyarakat. Pada hakikatnya penanaman moral melalui berbagai cara sudah sering dilakukan setiap hari, baik melalui seruan agama oleh para kyai, ustad, pemuka agama di masyarakat dan lain-lain. Akan tetapi usaha dalam membuka kembali fakta sejarah mengenai sejarah berdirinya bangsa dan negara Indonesia masih sering terabaikan. Padahal pengalaman nenek moyang serta para pejuang bangsa merupakan pelajaran yang tidak kalah besar perananya dalam pembentukan moral, watak dan peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 678, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu kalau kita menengok ke dalam konteks pendidikan formal, bukanlah kesalahan dari guru sejarah, PPKn, ataupun guru agama yang mereka diberi tugas menanamkan serta mengajarkan moral kepada siswa jika siswa atau generasi muda sekarang justru terjadi krisis moral. Pembentukan moral siswa melalui penanaman semangat nasionalisme bukan hanya semata tanggung jawab mereka para guru yang disebutkan di atas, akan tetapi menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 40, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H e r u A r i f P i a n t o", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "186 MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 134, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tanggung jawab semua kalangan masyarakat yang dimulai dari lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka. Salah satu contoh yang sangat sederhana adalah, sering mendengarkan lagu-lagu nasional di rumah juga dapat mempertebal semangat nasionalisme. Selain itu masih banyak contoh-contoh yang lain seperti sering melihat film sejarah perjuangan bangsa di layar televisi, karena ternyata setelah diteliti media televisi lebih menarik dari pada melalui media ceramah yang dilakukan oleh guru serta pemuka masyarakat. Hal ini akan dapat memberikan ilustrasi kepada anak bahwa para pejuang kita dulu mempunyai semangat nasionalisme yang tinggi dalam merebut kemerdekaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 216, "width": 428, "height": 178, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu usaha yang tidak kalah pentingnya dalam rangka penanaman nasionalisme ini adalah pembiasaan memakai produk dalam negeri sehingga akan muncul rasa cinta serta menghargai hasil karya bangsa sendiri. Dengan kata lain dapat dikatakan jika nasionalisme kita kurang kuat, akan banyak sekali produk-produk budaya luar yang menggeser produk budaya kita. Ada satu hal yang tidak boleh kita lupakan juga bahwa generasi tua, dalam hal ini pendidik atau guru harus bisa mendidik serta menjadi suri tauladan dan memberi contoh-contoh yang baik terhadap para generasi muda. Orang tua juga mempunyai peran yang sangat besar pula dalam mendidik anak-anaknya. Mereka para orang tua juga harus menanamkan semangat nasionalisme kapada anaknya sejak usia sedini mungkin agar ketika mereka besar rasa nasionalisme sudah tertanam secara kuat di dalam jiwa anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 59, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 431, "width": 428, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi Indonesia secara nyata harus diakui oleh berbagai pihak bila ditinjau dari kondisi geografis, demografi serta kondisi sosial pasti terlihat secara jelas bahwa pluralitas, suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan dijadikan pangkal penyebab konflik dan kekerasan masal. Selain itu kadang-kadang kebijakan pemerintah juga dapat memicu munculnya disintegrasi, suatu contoh pemberlakuan otonomi daerah merupakan salah satu usaha yang bagus yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah akan tetapi sangat berpotensi untuk terciptanya sikap fanatisme primodialisme yang sempit, sektarianisme serta supranasionalisme. Kondisi semacam ini terjadi karena tidak semua masyarakat mengetahui tujuan pemberlakuan otonomi daerah bagi sebuah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada dasarnya kemerosotan generasi muda dapat dikurangi dengan cara menanamkan rasa nasionalisme sejak usia dini. Sebetulnya banyak berbagai cara dapat dilakukan untuk menumbuh kembangkan rasa nasionalisme itu sendiri seperti membiasakan memperingati hari besar nasional, ziarah makam pahlawan dan lain sebagainya. Membentuk moral serta menanamkan rasa nasionalisme ini sangat penting karena dapat memberikan motifasi kepada generasi muda untuk lebih menghargai arti kemerdekaan dengan hal-hal yang positif dan agar supaya timbul kesadaran akan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa. Sehingga dengan demikianakan tsuatu negara kesatuan yang utuh serta bermartabat luhur. Akan tetapi dalam pembangunan moral dengan penanaman nasionalisme ini diperlukan kerjasama dan saling bahu membahu antar semua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 40, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha Mengatasi Ancaman Disintegrasi Bangsa...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 776, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MUKADIMAH : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, 1(2), 2018 187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pihak yang diantaranya lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, keluarga, masyarakat, maupun pihak pemerintah itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 428, "height": 193, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor utama perekat persatuan dan kesatuan ini adalah kebhinekaan budaya Indonesia dan bukanlah menjadi halangan untuk mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan. Justru budaya yang beraneka raga mini akan mampu melakukan korelasi serta berinteraksi antara satu dengan yang lainya secara selaras dan serasi. Oleh sebab itu perlu disadari dan dipahami bersama bahwa bangsa Indonesia ini memang terbentuk dari bermacam-macam suku bangsa yang memiliki budaya yang beraneka ragam. Dalam rangka membangun kehidupan bagi bangsa Indonesia di masa depan, langkah utama yang ditempuh adalah menggunakan konsepsi kemandirian lokal yaitu dengan melakukan pendekatan kebudayaan yang dapat diyakini mampu menumbuhkan kebanggaan pada setiap anak bangsa terhadap diri dan budayanya pada giliranya akan menumbuhkan pula toleransi dan pengertian akan keberadaan budaya lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 317, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 343, "width": 371, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Grosby, S. (2011). Sejarah Nasionalisme, Asal-usul Bangsa dan Tanah Air. Yogyakarta . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 385, "width": 404, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muljana, S. (2008). Kesadaran Nasional, Dari Kolonialisme Sampai Kemerdekaan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 400, "width": 183, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogyakarta: LKiS Pelangi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 427, "width": 407, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yoman, D. S. S. (2011). Integrasi Belum Selesai, Komentar Kritis atas Papua Road Map . Jakarta: Endrawasih Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 469, "width": 342, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang No. 32 Tahun 2004, Tentang Otonomi Daerah.", "type": "Text" } ]

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Baur. \"Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Obese Children\", Obesity, 2008 Publication", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 709, "width": 126, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "revistas.um.es Internet Source", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 44, "width": 20, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 54, "height": 50, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "< 1 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 104, "width": 20, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 514, "top": 88, "width": 54, "height": 50, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "< 1 %", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 49, "top": 269, "width": 519, "height": 50, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "35 < 1 %", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 49, "top": 345, "width": 20, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 514, "top": 329, "width": 54, "height": 50, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "< 1 %", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 49, "top": 470, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Exclude quotes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 470, "width": 133, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Off Exclude bibliography", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 167, "top": 490, "width": 15, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "On", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 470, "width": 85, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Exclude matches", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 431, "top": 470, "width": 15, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Off", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 33, "width": 196, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "www.researchgate.net Internet Source", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 94, "width": 403, "height": 124, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Budiman Agung Pratama, Sucipto Sucipto, Yulingga Nanda Hanief. \"Improving learning in physical education: Augmented reality mobile app-based for fundamental motor skill\", Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 218, "width": 42, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 242, "width": 58, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Publication", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 274, "width": 79, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "doi.org Internet Source", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 335, "width": 125, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hdl.handle.net Internet Source", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "123", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 198, "top": 128, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SEKOLAH TINGGI AGAMA KRISTEN (STAK) DIASPORA WAMENA, PAPUA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 212, "width": 433, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERAN GEMBALA TERHADAP MANAJEMEN POLA PEMURIDAN KRISTEN DALAM 2 TIMOTIUS 2:2 DI ERA DISRUPSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 271, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 172, "top": 285, "width": 254, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia, Semarang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 326, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari Saptorini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 172, "top": 340, "width": 254, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Baptis Indonesia, Semarang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 419, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 485, "height": 260, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Advances in technological innovation and various changes that occur cause an era of disruption that cannot be avoided. This disruption needs to be addressed in an adaptive manner so that it can be utilized for the advancement of Christian discipleship ministry as the pattern in 2 Timothy 2:2. The role of the Shepherd is very significant here, which requires good management skills. Using a descriptive qualitative approach with literature study and hermeneutic-exegesis methods, this paper aims to answer the research question, namely what and how is the role of the shepherd in the management of Christian discipleship patterns in 2 Timothy 2:2 in the era of disruption. This study concludes that a shepherd must play a role and function as a catalyst in discipleship services, which also has implications for the need for humanistic integrity to utilize technology-digitalization in the era of disruption for discipleship services through a benefit principle approach in order to be able to face and adapt to the era of disruption. As a catalyst, the shepherd plays a role in selecting and involving faithful believers, as well as the Church as an organization in the ministry of discipleship. the shepherd plays a role in managing discipleship services like the pattern in 2 Timothy 2:2 well through systematic efforts in planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling or systematically planning, implementing, controlling, and following up by analyzing the composition of skills , the strengths and personality of each member of the service team, conduct periodic evaluations individually and in teams, and perform synergies between human resources and non- human resources as ministry support so that the vision and goals of Christian discipleship are in the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus (Matt. 28:18-20) can be achieved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 719, "width": 401, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Shepherd, Management, Christian Discipleship, The Era of Disruption", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 147, "width": 411, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 1 Nomor 2 (Oktober 2021, hal: 123-134 Web STAK DIASPORA Wamena: http://stakdiaspora.ac.id Web DIDASKO: http://e-journal.stakdiaspora.ac.id/index.php/didasko/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "124", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 277, "top": 74, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 100, "width": 485, "height": 273, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemajuan inovasi teknologi dan berbagai perubahan yang terjadi menyebabkan terjadinya era disrupsi yang tidak dapat dihindari. Disrupsi ini perlu disikapi dengan adaptif agar dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kemajuan pelayanan pemuridan Kristen seperti pola dalam 2 Timotius 2:2. Peran gembala sangat signifikan disini, yang menuntut kemampuan manajemen yang baik. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi literature dan hermeneutik-eksegesis, paper ini bertujuan menjawab pertanyaan penelitian yaitu apa dan bagaimana peran gembala terhadap manajemen pola pemuridan Kristen dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 di era disrupsi. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa seorang gembala harus berperan dan berfungsi sebagai katalisator dalam pelayanan pemuridan, yang juga berimplikasi pada dibutuhkannya integritas yang humanistik untuk memanfaatkan teknologi-digitalisasi di era disrupsi bagi pelayanan pemuridan melalui pendekatan azas manfaat agar mampu menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan era disrupsi. Sebagai katalisator, gembala berperan memilih dan melibatkan orang-orang percaya yang setia, juga Gereja sebagai organisasi dalam pelayanan pemuridan. gembala berperan melakukan manajemen pelayanan pemuridan seperti pola dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 dengan baik melalui upaya yang sistematis dalam membuat perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengkoordinasian, dan pengendalian atau secara sistematis membuat perencanaan, pelaksanaan, kontrol, dan tindak lanjut dengan melakukan analisis komposisi skill, kelebihan dan kepribadian masing-masing anggota tim pelayanan, melakukan evaluasi berkala secara individu dan tim, dan melakukan integrasi-sinergitas antara sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya non manusia sebagai penunjang pelayanan agar visi dan tujuan pemuridan Kristen dalam Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus (Mat. 28:18-20) dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 344, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Gembala, Manajemen, Pemuridan Kristen, Era Disrupsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 439, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 465, "width": 485, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dunia saat ini menghadapi era di mana perubahan terjadi begitu cepat dan mempengaruhi kehidupan dalam segala bidang. Sebagaimana disampaikan oleh Presiden Joko Widodo dalam kata sambutannya di pembukaan Konferensi Forum Rektor Indonesia 2021 tanggal 27 Juli 2021 yang lalu bahwa rangkaian disrupsi yang disebabkan oleh revolusi industri 4.0, pandemi Covid-19, dan kemajuan- kemajuan teknologi dalam berbagai bidang merupakan tantangan tersendiri bagi semua negara dan telah mengubah pola hidup masyarakat dunia termasuk Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2021). Salah satu aspek kehidupan yang juga terpengaruh oleh era disrupsi ini adalah kehidupan keagamaan atau kerohanian. Semua agama, termasuk Kekristenan, mau tidak mau harus menyesuaikan diri dengan situasi di era disrupsi ini dalam kegiatan pembinaan kerohanian umat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 601, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu bidang pelayanan utama untuk pembinaan kerohanian di Kekristenan adalah pemuridan. Pemuridan merupakan perwujudan dari ketaatan kepada perintah utama dalam Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus kepada murid-muridNya dalam Matius 28:18-20, yakni menjadikan segala suku bangsa menjadi murid Kristus (Darmawan, 2019). Sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh Tenny T. dan Arifianto Y. A dalam penelitian mereka bahwa aktualisasi misi dan pemuridan oleh guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen sangat berperan penting bagi pertumbuhan kerohanian para murid sebagai aktualisasi pelaksanaan Amanat Agung di era disrupsi (Tenny & Arifianto, 2021). Hal serupa pun dikatakan Melben Nainupu dkk, bahwa pemuridan merupakan hal penting yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap orang Kristen (Nainupu et al., 2020). Prinsip ini berlaku juga dalam konteks pemuridan Kristen secara umum di era disrupsi ini. Selain Amanat Agung, salah satu ayat kunci yang menjadi dasar pemuridan dalam Kekristenan untuk bermultiplikasi adalah 2 Timotius 2:2. Di dalam ayat ini, Paulus menuliskan pesannya kepada Timotius demikian “apa yang telah engkau dengar dari padaku di depan banyak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 328, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saksi, percayakanlah itu kepada orang-orang yang dapat dipercayai, yang juga cakap mengajar orang lain.” Dari ayat ini tampak bahwa Paulus mendorong Timotius untuk melakukan suatu pola tertentu dalam proses regenerasi dan transmisi iman Kekristenan yang sejati melalui pengajaran dan pemilihan orang-orang yang tepat untuk diajar yang kemudian juga dapat mengajar orang lain, dan begitu seterusnya (Barclay, 1975, p. 77). Sebab gereja tidak boleh hanya puas dengan konsep pemuridan yang tujuannya diorientasikan kepada kebutuhan pelayanan di dalam gedung gereja lokal saja tanpa adanya pengelolaan (Arifianto, 2021). Pengelolaan pola pemuridan dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 ini tentu membutuhkan skill manajemen yang baik agar proses pemuridan yang bermultiplikasi dapat berlangsung terus-menerus. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk memahami dengan baik prinsip pengelolaan dan pola pemuridan dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 karena prinsip-prinsipnya masih sangat relevan bagi pemuridan Kristen dalam dunia modern saat ini. Dalam dunia modern seperti saat ini, di mana Kekristenan dan Gereja telah diorganisasikan secara formal, menjadikan para gembala atau pemimpin yang ada di setiap Gereja memiliki peran yang vital (Purba, 2021), dalam memberikan pengaruh dan dalam mengelola kegiatan pelayanan dan pembinaan kerohanian agar tercipta tatanan nilai dan output pelayanan yang baik (Samarenna, 2020), termasuk dalam hal ini pelayanan pemuridan. Sebagaimana penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hisikia Gulo menyatakan bahwa pembinaan kerohanian jemaat gereja merupakan tanggung jawab penuh seorang gembala sebagai pemimpin rohani dalam Gereja lokal. Peran dan tanggung jawab ini dilakukan sebagai wujud pelaksanaan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus (Matius 28:19-20). Gembala dan jemaat bersinergi dan bekerjasama untuk melakukan pelayanan dalam bimbingan, pengarahan, tuntunan dan merawat kerohanian dengan tujuan untuk bertumbuh bersama-sama di dalam Tuhan Yesus Kristus yang dapat dilakukan melalui pelayanan pemuridan. Untuk mewujudkan hal ini diperlukan sikap kerendahan hati gembala sebagai seorang pemimpin rohani yang memiliki karakter penggembalaan seperti teladan sejati Tuhan Yesus Kristus (Gulo, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 417, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pemikiran di atas, paper ini dimaksudkan untuk mencari jawaban dari pertanyaan penelitian tantang apa dan bagaimana peran gembala terhadap manajemen pola pemuridan Kristen seperti yang ada di dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 di era disrupsi ini. Adapun langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama, peneliti menguraikan definisi Alkitabiah dari pemuridan Kristen. Kedua, peneliti menguraikan peran dan fungsi gembala sebagai katalisator dalam pelayanan pemuridan Kristen. Ketiga, peneliti menguraikan dampak negatif dan positif dari era disrupsi dan bagaimana menyikapinya. Keempat, peneliti menguraikan upaya dalam melakukan manajemen pelayanan pemuridan seperti yang terdapat di dalam 2 Timotius 2:2. Berdasarkan analisis dan uraian-uraian tersebut, peneliti kemudian menemukan bahwa peran gembala terhadap manajemen pola pemuridan Kristen dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 di era disrupsi ini sangat signifikan dan esensial karena gembala memiliki panggilan dan tanggung jawab sebagai katalisator yang berfungsi sebagai inisiator, organisator dan mobilisator pelayanan pemuridan di era disrupsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 621, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 646, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Paper disajikan dalam bentuk kualitatif deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dan hermeneutik-eksegesis untuk mengumpulkan dan mengolah data penelitian. Metode studi literatur adalah metode peneliti dengan mengumpulkan sebanyak mungkin teori maupun informasi dari sumber-sumber kepustakaan yaitu buku, e-book dan jurnal-jurnal penelitian terdahulu yang relevan dengan topik penelitian. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan kredible dan valid sehingga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara akademik. Selain itu dalam paper ini juga menggunakan metode hermeneutik-eksegesis untuk melakukan penggalian dan eksposisi makna sebenarnya dari suatu teks Alkitab, yang dilakukan dengan analisa makna kata atau lexical dan struktur kalimat. Metode", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hermeneutik-eksegesis digunakan untuk melakukan eksposisi terhadap teks 2 Timotius 2:2 sebagai salah satu variable dalam penelitian ini. Data-data kualitatif dari sumber-sumber teori dan informasi kemudian diolah dan dikolaborasikan dengan data-data deskriptif dari hasil eksposisi teks 2 Timotius 2:2, yang selanjutnya di uraikan secara sistematis deskriptif dengan tujuan mendapatkan kesimpulan sebagai hasil penelitian.(Zaluchu, 2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 181, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 232, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGERTIAN PEMURIDAN KRISTEN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 258, "width": 485, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemuridan Kristen adalah suatu proses di mana seorang percaya dibentuk untuk menjadi murid Kristus yang dalam segala aspek kehidupannya mencari dan menjadikan kebenaran Alkitab sebagai fondasinya melalui penghayatan dan penerapan secara konsisten dan bertanggungjawab (Mangentang et al., 2020). Menurut Bonhoeffer, seseorang yang mempunyai hak untuk berkata bahwa ia telah menerima pembenaran atau keselamatan melalui kasih karunia adalah orang yang telah meninggalkan segala sesuatu untuk mengikut Kristus, dan orang seperti ini mengetahui bahwa panggilan menjadi murid Kristus adalah pemberian (gift) yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kasih karunia (grace) itu sendiri. Lebih jauh disebutkan bahwa pemuridan adalah kesetiaan kepada Kristus, Kekristenan tanpa Kristus yang hidup adalah Kekristenan tanpa pemuridan dan Kekritenan tanpa pemuridan adalah Kekristenan tanpa Kristus. Pemuridan adalah keterikatan kepada Kristus, melalui iman di dalam Kristus, sebagai Mediator atau Perantara antara manusia berdosa dengan Allah, dan hanya Kristus yang adalah Tuhan-Manusia, yang dapat memanggil orang-orang untuk menjadi muridNya (Bonhoeffer, 1979, pp. 55–63). Berdasarkan gagasan ini, tampak dengan jelas bahwa pemuridan adalah pelayanan yang esensial dalam Kekristenan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 463, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Etimologi kata murid dalam Alkitab berasal dari kata Yunani mathetes yang berarti “belajar”, “membiasakan seseorang terhadap sesuatu” atau “menjadi terbiasa dengan”, dalam pengertian yang lebih spesifik di Perjanjian Baru kata murid merujuk pada seseorang yang dipanggil oleh Yesus untuk menjadi pengikutNya, mengikatkan diri padaNya, mencari dan menghayati kehendak Allah, bahkan rela mati sebagai persembahan akan kasihnya kepada Yesus (Leon-Dufour, 1983) . Definisi leksikal untuk kata murid adalah “pembelajar”, tapi pemahaman kultural pada abad pertama untuk kata murid adalah “pengikut”. Biasanya murid-murid ini menunjukkan karakteristik dan perilaku tertentu (Hull, 2011, p. 53). Oleh sebab itu, istilah murid merujuk pada orang yang telah menjadi pengikut Tuhan Yesus Kristus dan rasul-Nya (1Tes. 2:6), yang memiliki arti yang sepadan dengan kata Kristen. Penggunaan kata mathetes yang paling umum merujuk pada pengikut Yesus Kristus atau orang-orang yang percaya dan mengakui bahwa Yesus adalah Tuhan dan Juruselamat. Sederhananya dapat disimpulkan bahwa seorang murid adalah seorang Kristen atau seorang Kristen adalah seorang murid (Mangentang et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 681, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GEMBALA SEBAGAI KATALISATOR PELAYANAN PEMURIDAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 704, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di dalam Perjanjian Baru, Efesus 4:11, “Dan Ialah yang memberikan baik rasul-rasul maupun nabi- nabi, baik pemberita-pemberita Injil maupun gembala-gembala dan pengajar-pengajar”, adalah satu- satunya ayat di mana kata “gembala” ditemukan. Meskipun tidak disebutkan dengan jelas gambaran tentang tugas-tugas pelayanan penggembalaan di Perjanjian Baru, namun pada masa kini hampir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seluruh pelayanan Gereja berada di sekitar pelayanan ini. Fakta bahwa Alkitab tidak merinci secara jelas peranan pelayanan gembala di dalam Gereja justru menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan penggembalaan begitu penting. Seorang gembala bukan hanya seseorang yang memiliki gelar, atau ditahbiskan dari lembaga atau organisasi tertentu. Seorang gembala adalah seorang yang terpanggil secara khusus dan hidup di dalam Gembala Agung untuk menyatakan Tuhan dan menyentuh kebutuhan umat-Nya (Joyner, 2001, pp. 54–55). Menurut Mc Mahan panggilan seorang gembala berakar dalam wewenang dan otoritas Allah dan penugasan seorang gembala tidak bersumber dari pikiran manusia, tapi dari belas kasihan Allah dan perintah-Nya. Tugas penggembalaan untuk mengubahkan kehidupan orang berdosa kepada hidup yang memuliakan Allah memang meliputi usaha manusia tapi semua ini hanya mungkin terjadi karena karya Roh Kudus. Oleh karena itu, seorang gembala harus senantiasa dipenuhi Roh Kudus (Oliver Mc Mahan, 2006). Sebab Roh Kudus sanggup menuntun dan memimpin pribadi seseorang pada seluruh kebenaran dan membawa pribadi yang merdeka dalam kebenaran Tuhan, dan terbebas dari segala dosa dan ancaman intimidasi si jahat (Arifianto & sumiwi Rachmani, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 279, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, seorang gembala hanya akan mampu melakukan fungsi dan tanggungjawabnya yang begitu vital ketika seorang gembala senantiasa terikat dan hidup dalam hubungan yang intim dengan Tuhan Yesus. Menurut Anderson, seseorang yang dapat memiliki hubungan yang intim dengan Bapa Surgawi adalah orang yang telah mengalahkan kuasa dosa (Anderson, 2016), orang yang telah dibenarkan dalam Kristus (Bonhoeffer, 1979), atau dengan kata lain adalah seorang yang telah menjadi murid dan senantiasa bertumbuh dalam pemuridan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 374, "width": 485, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai seorang murid dan seorang pemimpin, seorang gembala memiliki peran dan fungsi penting sebagai katalisator dalam pelayanan pemuridan di Gereja. Menurut Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, katalisator adalah seseorang yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya perubahan dan memunculkan perubahan baru (Fajri, Em Zul & Senja, 2010). Ini berarti seorang gembala yang menjadi katalisator pelayanan pemuridan Kristen harus berperan sebagai inisiator yaitu orang yang memulai pelayanan pemuridan, sekaligus berfungsi sebagai mobilisator yaitu orang yang menggerakkan pelayanan pemuridan tersebut. Gembala harus mampu mengelola sistem pemuridan yang ber-regenerasi dengan menghasilkan pemurid dan murid-murid baru yang terus bertumbuh secara rohani. Seorang gembala harus terlibat aktif baik sebagai murid yang dimuridkan maupun sebagai pembuat murid, sambil memobilisasi orang yang dimuridkannya untuk memuridkan orang lain (2Tim. 2:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 524, "width": 485, "height": 232, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana telah disebutkan sebelumnya bahwa sebagai murid, seorang gembala harus terus berperan sebagai pembelajar yang bertanggungjawab untuk bertumbuh. Seiring dengan hal tersebut, seorang gembala juga harus berperan sebagai pembuat murid. Membuat murid adalah suatu proses untuk menghasilkan transformasi dalam diri seorang percaya melalui upaya untuk membawa orang tersebut yang sebelumnya jauh dari Kristus kepada dekat dengan Kristus (Mangentang et al., 2020). Menurut Anderson, berdasarkan Kolose 2:6-7, membuat murid adalah suatu proses pendewasaan orang percaya baru di mana mereka harus terlebih dahulu berakar di dalam Kristus, selanjutnya bertumbuh di dalam Kristus hingga memiliki hidup yang merdeka dalam Kristus. Hidup yang merdeka di dalam Kristus adalah hidup yang telah meninggalkan berbagai sifat dan perilaku dosa masa lalu dan bertumbuh menjadi serupa dengan Kristus. Selanjutnya, dalam Kolose 2:8-10 Paulus juga menjelaskan bahwa setiap aspek atau bidang pertumbuhan seorang murid dalam Kristus tergantung kesatuanya dengan Allah (Anderson, 2016). Membuat murid yang bermultiplikasi harus menjadi visi utama pelayanan pemuridan. Semua visi pelayanan dalam Kekristenan harus dibangun di atas Firman Tuhan dan keteladanan Tuhan Yesus. Tuhan yang telah memanggil gembala untuk menjadi pemimpin Gereja harus bertanggungjawab untuk menyampaikan dan melakukan visi pemuridan tersebut bersama-sama dengan semua pihak atau orang percaya di dalam Gereja tersebut (Gordon, 2000, pp. 12–13). Visi membuat murid sesuai dengan keteladanan Yesus, karena di awal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelayananNya di dunia, Tuhan Yesus mencari dengan sengaja dan memanggil langsung murid-murid yang telah dipilihNya untuk dimuridkan dengan hidup bersama-sama dengan Dia dan dididik secara khusus hingga akhirnya para murid menjadi katalisator untuk melakukan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus, yaitu menjadikan murid dari semua suku bangsa (Saptorini, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 141, "width": 485, "height": 260, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di dalam Perjanjian Baru, kata Yunani mathetheuin (Hildebrandt, 2003, p. 39) yang adalah kata kerja yang memiliki arti menjadikan murid atau membuat murid dipakai sebanyak empat kali (Mat. 13:53; 27:57; 28:19; Kis. 14:21). Upaya dalam proses membuat murid atau menjadikan murid secara holistik dan efektif hanya mungkin terjadi dalam konteks komunitas murid-murid Kristus yang telah diselamatkan atau telah dipanggil dari kegelapan kepada terang yang ajaib (ekklesia) (Mangentang et al., 2020). Di dalam Alkitab (bahasa Inggris), keselamatan orang percaya dituliskan dalam tiga bentuk waktu yaitu waktu lampau (past) , sekarang (present) dan yang akan datang (future). Implikasi dari fakta ini adalah bahwa orang percaya telah diselamatkan (Ef. 2:5; 2Tim. 1:8-9), orang percaya sedang diselamatkan (1Kor. 1:18; 2Kor. 2:15) dan orang percaya kelak akan diselamatkan sepenuhnya (Rom. 5:9-10; 13:11). Bagi orang percaya saat ini, pengalaman keselamatan belum sempurna sampai setiap orang percaya mengalami kematian jasmani, mengalami kebangkitan tubuh yang baru dan hidup kekal dalam hadirat Allah. Oleh karena itu, bagi setiap orang percaya masih harus bertumbuh dalam keselamatan dan Roh Kudus menjadi jaminan sampai orang percaya memperoleh penebusan yang seutuhnya (Anderson, 2016), “Di dalam Dia kamu juga, karena kamu telah mendengar firman kebenaran, yaitu Injil keselamatanmu--di dalam Dia kamu juga, ketika kamu percaya, dimeteraikan dengan Roh Kudus, yang dijanjikan-Nya itu. Dan Roh Kudus itu adalah jaminan bagian kita sampai kita memperoleh seluruhnya, yaitu penebusan yang menjadikan kita milik Allah, untuk memuji kemuliaan-Nya (Efesus 1:13-14). Pertumbuhan dalam pengalaman keselamatan inilah yang menjadi alasan utama mengapa pemuridan itu penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 415, "width": 485, "height": 315, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertumbuhan dalam pemuridan merupakan proses atau perjalanan rohani yang dinamis dari seorang percaya yang meliputi aspek pertumbuhan secara pribadi melalui mengikut Kristus dengan sukarela dan rendah hati, penuh ketaatan dan dengan hati yang terbuka (Arnold, 2011, p. xii). Pertumbuhan pribadi ini juga paralel dengan aspek pertumbuhan holistik dengan, dan melalui Gereja sebagai Komunitas Kerajaan (Ekklesia) (Mangentang et al., 2020). Pertumbuhan dalam pemuridan juga hanya akan dapat terjadi ketika ada ketaatan. Menurut Boice, sebagai murid yang percaya dan beriman kepada Yesus yang adalah Tuhan maka setiap orang percaya berhutang ketaatan secara total kepadaNya dan menundukkan diri secara total, bahkan walaupun harus mengorbankan hidup, hal itu tidak terlalu besar bagi pelayanan kepada Kristus (Boice, 1986, p. 129). Setiap gembala hendaknya menyadari bahwa Gereja yang sehat dan bertumbuh adalah hasil dari ketaatan terhadap perintah Tuhan dalam Amanat AgungNya yaitu menjadikan murid bagi Kristus dari segala bangsa dan mengajarkan mereka tentang segala sesuatu yang diperintahkan Kristus (Mat. 28:18-20). Kristus telah memberikan Roh Kudus dan setiap orang percaya telah menerima Roh Kudus serta kuasa-Nya untuk beroleh kemampuan menjadi saksi-Nya (Kis. 2:8). Setelah kenaikan Yesus dan Roh Kudus dicurahkan, orang percaya mula-mula langsung menaati semua perintah Yesus. Pertobatan massal terjadi di Yerusalem pada saat itu sebagai hasil dari ketaatan ini di mana ada 3000 orang yang percaya, dan tanpa ditunda-tunda langsung diteguhkan dengan baptisan, melakukan perjamuan Tuhan, persekutuan, berdoa, memberi, melayani satu dengan yang lain dan memuridkan dengan melakukan apa yang diajarkan oleh para Rasul dan bersaksi kepada orang lain (Mangentang et al., 2020). Pola inilah yang menjadi model pemuridan Kristen saat ini dan gembala memiliki peran penting sebagai katalisator untuk mendorong dan memimpin agar Gereja terus taat pada Amanat Agung sehingga pola pemuridan Perjanjian Baru ini dapat terus berjalan untuk menghasilkan murid-murid Kristus yang dewasa secara rohani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 74, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ERA DISRUPSI SEBAGAI TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 100, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BAGI PELAYANAN PEMURIDAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 126, "width": 485, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi yang terjadi begitu cepat dan dinamis merupakan sebuah keniscayaan yang tidak dapat dihindari. Dampak nyata dari perkembangan ini menyebabkan terjadinya disrupsi. Era disrupsi karena perkembangan zaman seperti saat ini memiliki dampak yang positif maupun negatif (Ronda, 2019). Dalam kaitannya dengan pelayanan pemuridan dalam Kekristenan, era disrupsi perlu disikapi dengan baik karena keadaan ini dapat menjadi tantangan yang menghambat pelayanan pemuridan ataupun dapat menjadi peluang untuk mengembangkan pelayanan pemuridan yang lebih luas dan dinamis, yang tidak dibatasi ruang dan waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 234, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disrupsi dapat menjadi tantangan dan berdampak negatif karena era ini adalah masa ketika perubahan terjadi begitu cepat dan sedemikian tidak terduga hampir dalam semua aspek kehidupan (Bashori, 2018) Dapat juga terjadi kesenjangan antara inovasi teknologi yang begitu cepat dengan kemampuan adaptasi dan penggunaan teknologi oleh masyarakat (Ronda, 2019) Dalam konteks pelayanan pemuridan situasi seperti ini dapat menyebabkan berbagai hal yang telah direncanakan dalam program pemuridan dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu dan membutuhkan solusi atau penyesuaian secepat mungkin. Jika hal seperti ini tidak segera diantisipasi, program pelayanan pemuridan yang telah direncanakan atau yang telah berjalan dapat terhenti seketika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 357, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaliknya, era disrupsi dapat menjadi peluang dalam pelayanan pemuridan karena melalui digitalisasi program pemuridan dan sistem pembelajaran (Bashori, 2018), pelayanan pemuridan dapat menjangkau orang dan wilayah yang lebih luas, dan tidak dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Artinya pemuridan dapat dilakukan meskipun guru dan murid berada pada tempat dan waktu yang berbeda. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan pendekatan integritas yang humanistik untuk memanfaatkan teknologi dalam pelayanan pemuridan dengan menggunakan pendekatan asas manfaat dalam menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan era disrupsi ini (Ronda, 2019). Peran seorang gembala dalam hal ini adalah perlu mempersiapkan dan melakukan manajemen pelayanan pemuridan yang adaptif dan sustainable agar mampu memanfaatkan era disrupsi ini secara positif untuk pelayanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 519, "width": 392, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MANAJEMEN POLA PEMURIDAN 2 TIMOTIUS 2:2 DI ERA DISRUPSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 544, "width": 485, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam upaya untuk memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi dan digitalisasi di era disrupsi sebagai sarana keterhubungan untuk berkomunikasi (Simon & Arifianto, 2021), bagi kemajuan pelayanan pemuridan, diperlukan konsep manajemen, tujuan dan pola pemuridan yang jelas dan terarah. Menurut Wiryoputro, manajemen merupakan proses yang sistematis untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan melalui upaya-upaya perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengkoordinasian, dan pengendalian. Selain itu, manajemen juga dapat berarti suatu proses yang sistematis untuk mencapai tujuan melalui fungsi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, kontrol, dan tindak lanjut (Wiryoputro, 2005, p. 29). Karenanya gembala berperan penting untuk membuat dan menerapkan manajemen pelayanan pemuridan untuk mencapai tujuan atau visi yang ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 680, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelayanan pemuridan tidak dapat dilakukan seorang diri oleh gembala. Gembala perlu melibatkan orang-orang percaya yang lain dan Gereja sebagai organisasi dalam pelayanan ini sehingga perlu ada kerjasama dan koordinasi yang baik. Untuk itu, seorang gembala perlu memahami manajemen sumber daya manusia agar semua pihak yang terlibat dalam pelayanan pemuridan dapat berperan maksimal dan efektif. Sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan, seorang gembala berperan penting dalam perekrutan orang yang akan dimuridkan maupun orang yang akan memuridkan. Gembala harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "130", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mencari orang-orang yang memiliki panggilan dan nilai-nilai yang sama agar dapat selaras dalam bekerja untuk mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan sesuai dengan visi awal (O’reilly, 2003, pp. 23–25). Meskipun pada awalnya visi itu hanya diberikan oleh Tuhan kepada pemimpin atau gembala tapi Tuhan juga menetapkan orang-orang lain untuk dapat membuat visi tersebut menjadi kenyataan. Oleh sebab itu, semua orang dalam tim pelayanan harus menjadikan visi awal menjadi visi bersama (Gordon, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 485, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gembala sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan perlu membuat rancangan tugas yang jelas. Artinya gembala harus memberikan kepercayaan dan kebebasan kepada orang-orang dalam tim pelayanan pemuridannya, untuk berkesempatan menggunakan bakat, keterampilan, kemampuan dan berbagai sumber daya yang mereka miliki untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas pelayanan mereka (O’reilly, 2003), baik sebagai murid maupun sebagai pengajar. Dengan demikian orang-orang dalam tim pelayanan akan berkembang dan termotivasi karena menjadikan pelayanan pemuridan tersebut menjadi lebih menarik untuk dikerjakan sehingga meningkatkan efektivitas tim pelayanan secara menyeluruh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 485, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gembala sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan harus dapat melihat dan menganalisis komposisi tim pelayanan dengan melihat bagaimana kemampuan, kepribadian, dan cara kerja orang-orang yang ada dalam tim pelayanannya. Kecakapan-kecakapan problem solving, decision making, dan relasi interpersonal perlu dikembangkan dalam tim pelayanan agar semua anggota berfungsi dalam mengidentifikasi masalah, memunculkan alternatif-alternatif solusi, memberikan umpan-balik dalam bentuk gagasan dan berinisiatif menyelesaikan konflik. Kepribadian anggota tim juga harus memiliki level motivasi pelayanan yang sama, memiliki kesepakatan pada nilai-nilai yang sama, adanya kesadaran dan stabilitas emosi, dan memiliki kedewasaan rohani. Fleksibilitas anggota-anggota tim pelayanan juga sangat penting di era disrupsi ini agar mampu beradaptasi dengan cepat dengan berbagai perubahan sehingga pelayanan menjadi tidak bergantung hanya pada satu orang atau gembala saja (O’reilly, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 455, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gembala sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan perlu memperhatikan faktor-faktor kontekstual yang mempengaruhi kinerja tim pelayanan. Faktor pertama adalah ketersediaan sumber daya yang memadai, yang meliputi sistem informasi yang tepat waktu, ketersediaan perlengkapan atau fasilitas pendukung, staf yang tepat, dorongan maupun bantuan teknis dan administratif bagi tim pelayanan. Faktor kedua adalah adanya kepemimpinan yang efektif, yang bertanggungjawab untuk mengkoordinir dan mengintegrasikan struktur kerja tim, jadwal pelayanan, beban pelayanan, keterampilan-keterampilan, dan mediasi konflik dalam pelayanan. Yang lebih penting juga agar ada yang mengambil keputusan-keputusan penting. Faktor ketiga adalah dilakukannya evaluasi secara individu dan tim yang bersifat akuntabel dan berorientasi pada pencapaian tingkat kinerja tim pelayanan. Semua itu akan dapat dilakukan bila seluruh anggota tim pelayanan berkomitmen terhadap visi dan tujuan bersama, menetapkan tujuan-tujuan spesifik jangka pendek untuk mencapai tujuan jangka panjang (O’reilly, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 632, "width": 485, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen pelayanan sebagaimana diuraikan di atas sangat tepat bila diterapkan dalam pola pemuridan yang terdapat dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 di era disrupsi ini. “Apa yang telah engkau dengar dari padaku di depan banyak saksi, percayakanlah itu kepada orang-orang yang dapat dipercayai, yang juga cakap mengajar orang lain” (2Tim. 2:2). Di ayat ini Paulus menguatkan Timotius untuk tetap konsisten dan tekun dalam pekerjaan pelayanannya (Henry, 2000). Pelayanan yang dimaksud di sini adalah pengabaran dan pengajaran akan keselamatan melalui iman di dalam Kristus Yesus yang telah diperoleh Timotius dari Paulus. Barclay menyatakan bahwa bukan hanya suatu keuntungan menerima iman Kekristenan tapi juga merupakan suatu tanggungjawab untuk mengajarkannya pada orang lain. Setiap orang Kristen harus melihat dirinya sebagai suatu link penghubung di antara dua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "131", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 485, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "generasi. Keselamatan di dalam Kristus harus diajarkan dari generasi ke generasi. Seperti Timotius yang memenuhi perannya sebagai perantara pengabaran iman Kekristenan antara zaman Kerasulan dengan generasi selanjutnya, demikianlah hendaknya setiap orang percaya di zaman modern ini. Selanjutnya, Paulus menekankan bahwa iman Kekristenan di dalam Kristus harus diajarkan kepada orang-orang percaya yang setia, yang pada gilirannya juga harus mengajarkan iman tersebut kepada orang lain. Frasa “yang dapat dipercayai” di sini menggunakan kata Yunani “pistos” . Kata ini memiliki banyak variasi arti yang maknanya saling terhubung di antara seorang yang percaya, seorang yang setia, seorang yang dapat diandalkan, yang rela mengorbankan segalanya, menghadapi penganiayaan, dan melawan pengajaran sesat demi pengajaran iman Kekristenan yang sejati (Barclay, 1975). Kata “pistos” di sini case -nya berbentuk dative atau objek langsung, berupa kata benda berbentuk jamak (Meyers, 2020). Hal itu berarti bahwa Timotius harus memuridkan banyak orang yang sebelumnya telah diseleksinya secara khusus untuk dimuridkan hingga orang-orang tersebut menjadi pembuat murid. Arti “setia” dari “pistos” dalam konteks ini sangat penting karena hasil pelayanan tidak mungkin didapatkan tanpa kesetiaan. Setia berarti melakukan yang telah disepakatinya untuk dilakukan. Kesetiaan berasal dari dalam batin seseorang untuk dengan rela setia kepada panggilan Tuhan. Hasil dari kesetiaan ini adalah ketaatan (Hull, 2011). Orang-orang yang dimuridkan harus memenuhi syarat dalam waktu maupun kualitas sebagaimana disebutkan. Jadi seorang murid atau pembuat murid harus memiliki keteguhan dalam hidup dan pikiran untuk melakukan pelayanan pemuridan. Di sini seorang murid Tuhan yang menjadi pembuat murid (pengajar atau guru) ditempatkan sebagai suatu link penghubung dari rantai “hidup” yang tidak terputus, yang pangkalnya dapat ditelusuri dari masa Tuhan Yesus Kristus sendiri hingga masa kini (Barclay, 1975).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 390, "width": 485, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timotius sebagai perantara antara Rasul dan Gereja pada saat itu harus menjadi katalisator dalam pelayanan penggembalaan sekaligus pembuat murid (guru) yang memuridkan orang lain yang sungguh-sungguh percaya dan setia, yang kemudian juga akan menjadi guru atau pengajar yang membuat murid-murid, yang pada gilirannya juga akan memuridkan orang lain yang memiliki kriteria yang sama. Pada masa itu, tidak mudah bagi Timotius untuk melayani sebagai gembala sekaligus pembuat murid karena pelayanan ini juga memerlukan kerelaan untuk hidup menderita melalui berbagai-bagai tantangan terhadap Kekristenan. Terlebih sebagai pemimpin dan gembala, Timotius dan orang-orang yang dimuridkannya akan menjadi sasaran utama penganiayaan (Barton, John & Muddiman, 2001). Adanya Kekristenan hingga saat ini menjadi bukti bahwa Timotius dan para gembala yang lain di Gereja abad pertama telah melakukan manajemen yang baik dalam pola pemuridan yang mereka lakukan, sekalipun menghadapi berbagai tantangan yang ada pada masa itu. Demikian halnya para gembala di masa kini harus berperan sebagai katalisator terhadap pola pelayanan pemuridan yang sama dengan melakukan manajemen yang baik untuk menyikapi tantangan disrupsi yang ada saat ini agar visi dan tujuan pelayanan pemuridan yang diamanatkan oleh Tuhan Yesus tetap dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 634, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 660, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa peran gembala terhadap manajemen pola pemuridan Kristen dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 di era disrupsi ini sangat signifikan dan esensial sebagai katalisator yang berfungsi sebagai inisiator, organisator dan mobilisator. Hal ini tampak dari kesimpulan berikut ini bahwa delegasi pelayanan pemuridan untuk menghasilkan para pembuat murid seperti yang dilakukan oleh Paulus kepada Timotius dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 juga merupakan delegasi pelayanan pemuridan yang harus dilakukan oleh para gembala di era disrupsi ini. Gembala memiliki tanggungjawab dan panggilan sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan agar iman Kekristenan terus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN:2776-5415, P-ISSN:2776-5407", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "132", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 430, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DIDASKO: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen, Volume 1 Nomor 2 edisi Oktober 2021 Copyright © Jhon Leonardo Presley Purba, Sari Saptorini", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 74, "width": 488, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diajarkan dari generasi ke generasi. Untuk mampu melakukan tanggungjawabnya sebagai katalisator pelayanan pemuridan di era disrupsi seperti saat ini, gembala harus mampu menyikapi era disrupsi ini secara positif untuk menjadikanya peluang bagi perkembangan pelayanan pemuridan seperti pola dalam 2 Timotius 2:2. Pelayanan ini dapat dilakukan melalui upaya integritas yang humanistik dengan memanfaatkan teknologi-digitalisasi dalam pelayanan pemuridan melalui pendekatan azas manfaat agar mampu menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan era disrupsi ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 485, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai katalisator, para gembala berfungsi sebagai inisiator, organisator dan mobilisator, sehingga harus memilih serta melibatkan orang-orang percaya yang setia dan Gereja sebagai organisasi dalam pelayanan pemuridan ini. Oleh sebab itu, para gembala perlu untuk melakukan manajemen pelayanan pemuridan seperti pola dalam 2 Timotius 2:2 dengan baik melalui upaya sistematis dalam perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengkoordinasian, dan pengendalian atau secara sistematis membuat perencanaan, pelaksanaan, kontrol, dan tindak lanjut dengan melakukan analisis komposisi skill , kelebihan dan kepribadian masing-masing anggota tim pelayanan, melakukan evaluasi berkala secara individu dan tim, dan melakukan integrasi-sinergitas antara sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya non manusia sebagai penunjang pelayanan agar visi dan tujuan pelayanan pemuridan Kristen dalam Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus (Mat. 28:18-20) dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 345, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 396, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anderson, N. 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[ { "left": 348, "top": 47, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "International Journal of", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 58, "width": 221, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Economics Development Research, Volume 5(1), 2024 pp. 30-44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 94, "width": 370, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Influence of Brand Image, Information Quality and Celebrity Endorsers on Purchasing Decisions on Instragram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 136, "width": 372, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo 1 , Ridwansyah 2 , Tessa Handra 3 , Maria Assumpta Wikantari 4 , Aat Ruchiat Nugraha 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 189, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 377, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nowadays, the development of technology is increasingly advanced, many business people use digital platforms as marketing strategy tools. Social media is now used to introduce a product or service from a company, organization, or government. Along with the development of technology and information, nowadays many online shops have sprung up in various groups, from teenagers to adults. One of the local companies that uses Instagram social media to spread information about their company's products is Erigo. This study aims to analyze and examine the influencing factors of brand image, information quality and celebrity endorser on purchasing decisions of Erigo Brand products in Instagram. The method of research is using the quantitative and regression analysis. The sampling method used purposive sampling and the number of samples used in this study amounted to 80 respondents The source was the distribution of online questionnaires via WhatsApp to customers who had purchased Erigo brand products through Instagram. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 22 and was carried out by several tests such as validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, linear regression analysis and coefficient of determination test. The results of this study indicate that the brand image, information quality and celebrity endorser have a significant and positive effect partially or simultaneously on purchasing decisions of Erigo brand products. Meanwhile, brand trust can provide the most dominant influence on purchasing decisions of Erigo brand products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 433, "width": 378, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Keywords: Erigo, Brand Image, Information Quality, Celebrity Endorser, Purchasing Decisions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 479, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 378, "height": 88, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "In today's online and digital world, shopping can be done online. Along with the development of technology and information, many online shops are now present in various groups, from young to adult. However, technological advances at this time are directly proportional to the rapid development of business, so that business opportunities can be easily accessed. (Janah et al., 2019). The business sector that is experiencing intense competition in the current era is the fashion business. Fashion is a need that will never end because it can be accepted by all groups. Currently, fashion", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 613, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "1 Universitas 17 Agustus Semarang, Indonesia. [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 625, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "2 Universitas Islam Negeri Lampung, Indonesia. [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 329, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "3 Universitas Multimedia Nusantara, Indonesia. [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 648, "width": 360, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "4 Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia. [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 240, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "5 Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "31", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 378, "height": 63, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "trends with casual clothing styles are more popular, namely clothes with relaxed models that are usually worn for non-formal activities. This clothing model is also very varied and the most popular is T-shirts with T-shirt designs, this style has become a style and is favored by many young people. This is characterized by the existence of diverse and well-developed local fashion companies. (Anggraeni & Putri, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 168, "width": 378, "height": 392, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "One of the local fashion companies offering its products in a casual style is Erigo. The Erigo brand comes with the theme of street style fashion and traveling on the goods marketed. Fashion products marketed by Erigo Apparel include shirts, pants, jeans, jackets, hats and bags. (Fahmi et al., 2023). Since its inception, Erigo has centered on online marketing with social media, web stores and marketplaces . In 2020, Erigo has successfully expanded its market through the Shopee marketplace to several countries, including Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia. Reported from the official website of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy ( https://kemenparekraf.go.id/), Erigo is one of the five domestic fashion brands that will definitely be able to spread its breadth to the international week. Brand Erigo in mid-September 2021 replaced Indonesian fashion brands that appeared at New York Fashion Week (NYFW) as well as in Times Square in one of New York's city centers. One of the most popular social media is Instagram. Based on data from https://wearesocial.com/uk/ in 2022, Instagram is also the number 2 social media most used by Indonesians, which is 84.8% and in 2022, Instagram advertisements reached 99.15 million (Ramadhanty & Malau, 2020). Very many business people, not to mention Erigo production owners, have made Instagram one of the strategies in online advertising. This situation makes Instagram no longer a digital infrastructure in providing services to select and upload photos and videos, but Instagram has increased as a potential application for businesses to expand their market space. In order to achieve success in business, brand image is a factor that influences purchasing decisions. If a company has a good brand image , its products will increase rapidly with a longer product life cycle and a large number of customers will return to take the product. (Lesmana & Ayu, 2019). As we know, the Eriga brand can be used for teenagers and adults. In realizing the impression of the label, Erigo Apparel creates good quality goods and has a contemporary and attractive design. Erigo Apparel can also harmonize the progress of fashion styles among young people who often move by exploring the latest trends. According to the statement (Lantara & Pramudana, 2020; Ikawati et al., 2021)(Lantara & Pramudana, 2020; Ikawati et al., 2021), the establishment of trust in a customer in a label also has an impact on the customer' s view of making a purchase decision.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 378, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "On the other hand, purchasing decisions are also largely determined by information quality . Currently, customers are very concerned about the quality of product information, because as product characteristics, both stated and implied, it greatly influences purchasing decisions. (Sunyoto & Susanti, 2015). In order to achieve this aspect, quality standardization is needed to keep the products produced to a standard so that customers do not lose confidence in the products produced. (Tasia et al., 2022). The Erigo Official Shop account also contains a variety of information about production, prices and images of products marketed to transportation procedures to the acceptor's location. Erigo Official Shop also provides discounts of up to 78% and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "32", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 378, "height": 88, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "can be selected as desired and not obtained when buying directly at the outlet. This further attracts consumer interest because there are promos on offer and ease of information and access to interaction between Erigo Official Shop and customers who have shared descriptions of these products ( https://erigostore.co.id/). So, the information quality shared on Instagram social media must be considered, with good quality product images that can increase sales of these products. Not only product images, but also the accuracy of the information about the product to be marketed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 193, "width": 378, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Apart from brand image and information quality , celebrity endorsers also greatly influence purchasing decisions. The use of celebrity endorsers in order to advertise products is often used to increase sales. Symptoms that prove celebrity endorsers as support in advertising activities have been running for quite a long time, because the use of celebrities as endorsers is believed to influence customer purchase desires and further help product marketing. (Sari et al., 2022). One of the marketing schemes carried out by Erigo is to carry out advertising procedures using celebrity figures as advertising stars for goods on various social media that they have. Arief Muhammad is one of the celebrity endorsers of Erigo clothing products. Arief Muhammad himself has been known as an Instagram brand influencer and Youtube content creator. Along with the increasingly branding of the Erigo brand, there are more and more public figures who are celebrity endorsers of Erigo clothing products. Included are a number of names of Indonesian celebrity figures who are celebrity endorsers of Erigo clothing products, such as Rachel Vennya, Enzy Storia, Alika Islamadina, Febby Rastanti and Omar Daniel or other top celebrities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 377, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The online promotion carried out by the @erigostore account is by carrying out direct communication to its followers using the Instagram Stories add-in feature, such as sticker polls, question and answer , this or that, and the like regarding various products owned by Erigo Store in order to gain public attention. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of brand image , information quality and celebrity endorsers on the decision to purchase Erigo brand products on Instragram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 484, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "2. Theoretical Background", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 63, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Brand Image", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 523, "width": 378, "height": 152, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "According to the opinion of (Fitrianna & Aurinawati, 2020)(Fitrianna & Aurinawati, 2020), brand image is an impression of a special label that customers have regarding the perceptions that arise in their minds. Brand image has ties to customer attitudes regarding preferences and beliefs about brands . If a brand can create a good impression, it will be easier for customers to choose. Organizations must be able to protect the label image of their goods so that it still has good value in the minds of buyers so that the capacity for purchase decisions will increase along with the creation of a positive brand image of a product. In general, products that are favored by customers are products that are highly useful and have good quality so that they can be enjoyed. Each product that is marketed is required to have certain advantages with the aim of attracting a large number of consumers. Product quality appears when consumers find out about the product information. Product quality contains important", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "33", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 377, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "and quite critical things at the time of deciding on the choice of a product made by consumers (Nurhaliza & Rakhmawati, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 118, "width": 377, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Products that are marketed should be products that have actually been well proven to be bound by quality or quality. Because for customers, currently the most important thing is the quality of the product. This phenomenon is no longer a secret if consumers are more interested in products and prefer goods that have a better class when compared to products whose quality or quality is less reliable. Moreover, buyers do not hesitate and are not afraid to pay a little more if the marketed product is to their liking, moreover the quality is indeed good. Nowadays, it can be said that the quality of an item must be taken more seriously by suppliers because they see from the routine of consumers who are actually more concerned with quality. However, there are also many customers who do not prioritize quality too much. (Lesmana & Ayu, 2019) The stronger the brand image of a product, the better the allure in the eyes of the customer to use the product which can then lead the industry to reap profits from time to time. If a brand image is firmly planted in the minds of customers , the brand's market space will generally increase or at least stabilize. (Basri & Yuliana, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 307, "width": 95, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Information Quality", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 378, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Information quality is information provided consistently by the company which can complement the requirements and desires of the public who need information on aspects of completeness, security, and novelty. (Wahyuni et al., 2017). The quality of the explanation presented in the online shop should be meaningful and relevant in order to be able to estimate the quality and importance of goods or services. In meeting customer information needs, product and service information must be up-to-date so that it supports customers in making purchasing decisions. For retail businesses, information is a situation that must be considered because it is the main component in online business. The good or bad image of the company depends on the quality of information used by the company. The quality of information depends on three things, namely careful and timely and relevant. (Irmawati & Cahyanto, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 472, "width": 378, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The information factor is crucial in the development of an advertisement on the internet, even some marketers try as much as possible to organize internet advertisements with entertainment value to attract customers. The use of technology proves an individual's decision to use technology or not in searching for a product. Information checking begins when the customer sees that the need can be fulfilled by paying for a product. Individuals who have better prowess in using the internet to find information have greater intensity in buying using the internet. (Desky et al., 2022)..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Celebrity Endorser", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 378, "height": 100, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on the opinion of (Malichah & Wiwoho, 2021)Based on the opinion of (Malichah & Wiwoho, 2021), celebrity endorsers are celebrities and public figures who act as advertising stars for an item sold by the industry where the target is to influence user purchasing decisions. In the sense that this celebrity figure can help a product to be advertised. A celebrity can also include a figure known to many people with his skills as a movie player, singer and even entertainer. Celebrities are seen as individuals who are favored by the public and have attractive advantages that differentiate them from other individuals. Meanwhile, Endorser based on (Alatas &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "34", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 378, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabrani, 12018) is a promotional support or better known as an advertising star to carry a product. Another meaning of celebrity endorser is the use of informants as attractive figures in advertising, this is a fairly creative way to provide notes so that the message conveyed gets higher interest and can be remembered.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 156, "width": 378, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Celebrity endorsers now have a very useful role in encouraging the flexibility of marketing activities. Advertisers often use famous people in advertising their products, such as Arief Muhammad and Rachel Vennya for Erigo product advertisements. With the procedure of sending attractive advertising memos to customers, it will get more interest and be easily remembered. The fact that proves celebrity endorsers as support in promotional activities has been running for a long time, because the use is believed to be able to influence consumer buying desire and then can break product marketing. Through the use of celebrity endorsers , sellers will easily find out the differences with competing products in the market. This separation base is very useful because it will be used by customers to sort out the various forms of products marketed by producers. Endorser as a form of cooperation between the two parties that is mutually beneficial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Purchase Decision", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 378, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The purchase decision is a final decision that refers to the final purchasing behavior of the customer . The behavior of customers making purchasing decisions consists of understanding a product is needed, searching for product information, the process of evaluating products and the process of determining decisions. Product information obtained by the customer is needed as a consideration in assessing the product according to their needs. (Agianto et al., 2022). As for consumers who evaluate a choice from many products, it triggers decision making based on whether or not they are satisfied with a product. Consumers will feel satisfied when consumer needs and desires are met. This high customer purchasing decision has an impact on the high marketing volume so that the profit will be obtained by the company even greater. (Harun & Salmah, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 484, "width": 377, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "In order for the organization to reach high profits, the company must estimate the purchase decision for the goods. If the company can cause the consumer to make a purchase decision and can examine the customer to prepare the quality of the product / service, price, impact of advertising / promotion and so on, so that in the competition the organization can become more successful and also beneficial for the organization itself. Seeing the increasingly tight market conditions, there must be a strategy to be able to favor competition by supplying products that meet the needs and desires of customers so that these products are sold in the market. In addition to fulfilling products, customers also see price, product quality and promotion. (Primadana & Sudaryanto, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 378, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Effect of Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products A label ( brand ) is a term, name, symbol, sign or design in recognizing a product in order to distinguish it from competing goods or services. Positive or negative assessments ( image ) are more easily known by customers , so suppliers often try to maintain, fix and improve the brand image of their products in the eyes of customers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "35", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 378, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Brands play an important role in enticing customers to make purchases. The use of a good label creates a stable brand image in the minds of consumers. By maintaining the virtues of a good brand image , it will expand the take and will be a very valuable asset for the company. (Tasia et al., 2022). Based on research (Ardianti et al., 2019; Mahendra & Putri, 2022) stated that brand image in the aspect of making online purchasing decisions on Instagram has a positive and significant impact. If the brand image has a positive assessment, it will increase purchasing decisions. In this research, the hypothesis proposed is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 193, "width": 377, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "H1 : Brand image has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for Erigo products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 231, "width": 378, "height": 164, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Effect of Information Quality on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products The existence of information quality greatly ensures customers in ensuring purchases through social media. This is achieved if the quality of information conveyed to consumers about the products being sold is accurate information. In addition to the accuracy of information, up-to-date information is also very much needed. This situation can realize prosperity for customers who want to always exist for products in sales. Digging for information begins when the customer notices if the need can be fulfilled by taking a product. Individuals who have greater enthusiasm in using the internet in searching for information have greater seriousness in shopping using the internet. In line with research (Isnayati & Rahardjo, 2021; Silalahi & Sahara, 2017) that information quality has a significant impact on online buying decisions through Instagram social media users. Thus, accurate information quality will increase online purchasing decisions. So, the hypothesis proposed in this research is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 378, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "H2 : Information quality has a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for Erigo products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 380, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Influence of Celebrity Endorsers on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products Celebrity endorsers on Instagram are known as \"celebgrams\", which is a call for those who are believed to present products that are marketed online with an Instagram account. In generating marketing goals the organization must design a good promotional design in order to provide notes to customers can be in harmony with what the organization expects. In addition to the use of native advertising on various digital media pages, fashion factories are busy using the integrity of celebrity endorsers as a strategy to enhance the image of their labels. (Hairunnisa & Hartati, 2022). The use of celebrity endorsers in the fashion field is able to enhance the company's brand image, which is believed by the public to bring value to a marketed item. The use of celebrity endorsers can be a valuable allure for fashion brands, especially to create customer confidence in the fashion brands they use. This is in line with research from (Malichah & Wiwoho, 2021; Rosita & Novitaningtyas, 2021) stated that advertising design using celebrities as advertising stars or celebrity endorsers can have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. Celebrities can show charisma regarding physical allure or individuals who are good, trustworthy and intellectually broad will realize the desire to buy by customers who can bring about a take on the product. Thus, the hypothesis proposed in this research is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "36", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 377, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "H3 : Celebrity endorsers have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions for Erigo products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "3. Methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 378, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "This research uses quantitative methods through regression analysis to explore the correlation between variables. In this research, the author uses primary data and the sample collection applies purposive sampling method so that the number of samples in this research is 80 respondents obtained through distributing questionnaires online via WhatsApp to customers who have purchased Erigo brand products via Instagram. Consumers know the quality of Erigo products and have bought at least 3 times.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 378, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "There are two variables in this study, the independent variable and the dependent variable .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 273, "width": 377, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "a) Independent Variable The independent variables are Brand Image (X 1 ), Information Quality (X 2 ) and Celebrity Endorser (X 3 ). b) Dependent Variable The dependent variable is the Purchase Decision (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 349, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "After all the data is obtained, it is then analyzed using SPSS 22 for windows software. Using several test methods, namely validity, reliability, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression analysis to the coefficient of determination test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 151, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "4. Empirical Findings/Result", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Validity and Reliability Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 452, "width": 378, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The purpose of carrying out the validity test is to ensure that each questionnaire question that has been distributed by researchers is valid so that it can be used to obtain data correctly. Obtained from the comparison between r-count with r- tabel where df = n-2 with alpha 0.05. If the Pearson Correlation value> r- tabel , then it can be said to be valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 515, "width": 368, "height": 104, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 1. Validity Test Variables Pearson Correlation R-table (α = 5%) Validity Results Purchase Decision 0,708 0,165 Valid Brand Image 0,718 0,165 Valid Information Quality 0,756 0,165 Valid Celebrity Endorser 0,773 0,165 Valid Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 632, "width": 378, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on the results obtained in table 1, it is concluded that the purchase decision, brand image , information quality and celebrity endorser have a Pearson Correlation score> r- tabel . So, it can be said that all of these questions are valid so that they can become valid measuring instruments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "37", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 105, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The reliability of a variable is determined if the Cronbach's Alpha score is> 0.6. If the reliability <0.6 is said to be not good, but if 0.7 is categorized as good and the reliability of the good category is more than 0.8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 143, "width": 372, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 2. Reliability Test Variables Cronbach's Alpha N of Items Description Purchase Decision 0,699 5 Reliable Brand Image 0,669 4 Reliable Information Quality 0,741 4 Reliable Celebrity Endorser 0,766 4 Reliable Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 377, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on table 2, the Cronbach's Alpha score on purchasing decisions = 0.699, brand image = 0.669, information quality = 0.741 and celebrity endorser = 0.766. It can be concluded that this study is acceptable and reliable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 298, "width": 378, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Classical Assumption Test Normality Test This test can use the One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov test, namely if the Asymp Sig (2-tailed) score> 0.05, it is said that the data is normally distributed. However, if the Asymp Sig (2-tailed) score <0.05, it states that there is no normal distribution in the data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 373, "width": 355, "height": 167, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 3. Normality Test Unstandardized Residuals N 80 Normal Parameters a,b Mean ,0000000 Std. Deviation 1,57675362 Most Extreme Differences Absolute ,120 Positive ,046 Negative -,120 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z ,773 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) ,200 a. Test distribution is Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 540, "width": 116, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Calculated from data.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Based on table 3, the significance score (2-tailed) was found to be 0.200. Since the significance value (2-tailed) is 0.200> 0.05, so it is stated that there is a normal distribution, the data can be used.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 617, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 629, "width": 377, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "In regression equations, multicollinearity problems are not found if VIF < 10 and Tolerance > 10.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 654, "width": 312, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 4 Multicollinearity Test Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Collinearity Statistics", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 93, "width": 354, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Model B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) 2,259 1,868 Brand Image ,361 ,142 ,255 ,687 1,455 Information Quality ,322 ,124 ,228 ,703 1,423 Celebrity Endorser ,388 ,136 ,300 ,768 1,301 a. Dependent Variable: Purchase", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 161, "width": 377, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Decision Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Referring to table 4, the overall independent variable in this study has a value> 0.10 (tolerance> 0.10). While the VIF value is less than 10 (VIF < 10). It can be concluded that multicollinearity symptoms are not found among the independent variables.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 101, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Autocorrelation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 247, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "In this study, the authors used the Durbin-Watson Test in order to test for autocorrelation. If D-W > (dU) and < (4-dU) indicates that there is no autocorrelation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 272, "width": 374, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 5. Autocorrelation Test Results Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Durbin- Watson 1 ,786 a ,617 ,610 2,271", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 324, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), BI, IQ, CE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 337, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Dependent Variable: KP Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Based on table 5, then 1.560 < 2.271 < (2.284) and obtained autocorrelation 0, indicating autocorrelation does not occur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 400, "width": 112, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 377, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The goodness of the regression model is seen from the presence or absence of heteroscedasticity. This study uses the Glejser test, where the significance score is less than 5% (0.05), then heteroscedasticity is not found.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 451, "width": 152, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 6. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 377, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Based on table 6, the independent variables used are above 0.05, so the test results show that heteroscedasticity is not formed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 603, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Multiple Linear Regression Analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 466, "width": 359, "height": 211, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 7. Multiple Linear Regression Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta T Sig. 1 (Constant) 3,253 2,779 ,245 ,308 Brand Image ,185 ,056 ,194 ,3,284 ,962 Information Quality ,233 ,117 ,155 1,988 ,886 Celebrity Endorser ,148 ,085 ,131 1,741 ,902 a. Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta T Sig. 1 (Constant) 2,259 1,868 ,788 ,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 132, "width": 378, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Based on table 7, the constant value (α) is 2.259 while (β) 0.361 is obtained for Brand Image , (β) 0.322 for Information Quality, while (β) 0.388 is obtained by Celebrity Endorser , the equation is formed, namely: Y = a + β X 1 1 + β X 2 2 + β X 3 3 + e Y = 2.259 + 0.361X 1 + 0.322X 2 + 0.388X 3 Description:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 220, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "1. The constant value is 2.259, which means that if Brand Image, Information Quality and Celebrity Endorser (X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are 0), then the Erigo Product Purchase Decision (Y) has a percentage of 2.259.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 258, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "2. The coefficient value of Brand Image (X 1 ) is positive, which is 0.361, meaning that every 1 unit increase in Brand Image causes an increase of 0.361 in the Erigo Product Purchase Decision by 0.361.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 296, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "3. The coefficient value of Information Quality (X 2 ) is positive, namely 0.322, meaning that if there is an increase of 1 unit, it will be accompanied by an increase in the Erigo Product Purchase Decision of 0.322.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 377, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "4. The coefficient value of Celebrity Endorser (X 3 ) is positive, namely 0.388, meaning that if there is an increase of 1 unit, it will be accompanied by the Erigo Product Purchase Decision of 0.388.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 129, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hypothesis Testing Simultaneous Test (F Test)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "When the significance is <0.05, it means that Ho is rejected, meaning that the independent and dependent variables have a significant effect. If the significance value is > 0.05, it indicates the acceptance of Ho, so it can be stated that the independent and dependent variables have no effect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 460, "width": 352, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 8. Simultaneous Test Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 125,980 3 41,993 16,045 0,000 b Residuals 198,907 76 2,617 Total 324,887 79 a. Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 538, "width": 364, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), Brand Image, Information Quality, Celebrity Endorser", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 551, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 564, "width": 378, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on the results obtained from table 8, it can be stated that the F-count value is 16.045> F- tabel 2.72, systematically obtained a significant value of 0.000 <0.05 significant level, so it can be said that simultaneously X, X 12 , X 3 affect the Erigo Product Purchase Decision (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 627, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Partial Test ( t test) If the resulting probability <0.05, it is stated that there is a significant implication of the independent variable to the dependent variable . If the resulting probability > 0.05, it is said that it will not have a significant effect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 93, "width": 279, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Brand Image ,361 ,142 ,255 2,448 ,017 Information Quality ,322 ,124 ,228 2,040 ,045 Celebrity Endorser ,388 ,136 ,300 2,934 ,004", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 122, "width": 137, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "40", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 92, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 9. Partial Test (t test)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 232, "width": 378, "height": 50, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023 Referring to table 9, Brand Image (X 1 ) has a significance of 0.017 <0.05. Signaling the acceptance of H 1 and the rejection of Ho, so that the Erigo Product Purchasing Decision is influenced by brand image .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 295, "width": 377, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Information Quality (X 2 ) has a significance of 0.045 <0.05. The hypothesis H 2 is approved and Ho is rejected, so that the Erigo Product Purchase Decision is influenced by aspects of information quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 346, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Celebrity Endorser (X 3 ) has a significance of 0.004 <0.05. Signaling the acceptance of H 3 and the rejection of Ho, so it is concluded that the Erigo Product Purchase Decision is influenced by celebrity endorsers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 148, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Determination Coefficient Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 409, "width": 377, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "This test is expected to produce an r squared score greater than 0.5, because a good value is between 0 and 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 433, "width": 345, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Table 10. Test Coefficient of Determination (R) 2 Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 ,786 a ,617 ,610 1,618", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 487, "width": 368, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Brand Image, Information Quality, Celebrity Endorser Source: SPSS Processed Data, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 525, "width": 377, "height": 50, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on table 10, it is known that the Adjusted R Square value is 0.610, indicating that the independent variable ( brand image, information quality and celebrity endorser ) can influence the dependent variable (purchasing decision), which is 61% and the remaining 39% is not studied in research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 588, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "5. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 378, "height": 63, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Effect of Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products Based on the results of data analysis, that brand image has a positive and significant effect on the purchase decision of Erigo products as evidenced by the probability, namely 0.017> 0.05. Erigo products have a good brand image in the eyes of customers and have different characteristics compared to other clothing, namely always giving a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 355, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients Model B Std. Error Beta T Sig. 1 (Constant) 2,259 1,868 ,788 ,000 Brand Image ,361 ,142 ,255 2,448 ,017 Information Quality ,322 ,124 ,228 2,040 ,045 Celebrity Endorser ,388 ,136 ,300 2,934 ,004", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 217, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Purchase Decision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat Nugraha", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "41", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 378, "height": 113, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "different design for each new product release and only a few pcs available. By having different characteristics, Erigo products make a positive brand image in the eyes of consumers. This can be interpreted, if a product has a good image , it is beneficial for the company. Because unconsciously customers will suggest these products to others, so as to increase sales on Instagram. By maintaining the advantages of a good brand image , it will increase purchases and as the most valuable asset for the company. (Tasia et al., 2022). Based on research results from (Ardianti et al., 2019; Mahendra & Putri, 2022). that brand image in the aspect of making online purchasing decisions on Instagram has a positive and significant impact.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 378, "height": 201, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Effect of Information Quality on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products Based on the results of data analysis, information quality has a good and significant impact on the certainty of purchasing Erigo products as evidenced by the probability, namely 0.122> 0.05. This means that the information quality carried out by Erigo encourages consumers to make purchases, because sales on social media the information provided must be detailed. Erigo always provides information on time when releasing new products. It is proven that providing relatively short information has a high appeal, so that when there is a new shirt release, the shirt is immediately sold out . In addition, the display of feeds information on Instagram must also be interesting. Because if Instagram feeds are not interesting, consumers will be lazy to see what we sell on the Instagram page. Erigo's Instagram feeds are very neat and attractive, meaning that the higher the level of quality of information conveyed, the higher the level of purchasing decisions on social media. In line with research (Isnayati & Rahardjo, 2021; Silalahi & Sahara, 2017) that information quality has a significant impact on online buying decisions through Instagram social media users. That way, accurate information quality increases online purchasing decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 380, "height": 189, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "The Influence of Celebrity Endorsers on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Products Based on the results of data analysis, that celebrity endorsers have a positive and significant impact on the purchase decision of Erigo products as evidenced by the probability, namely 0.004> 0.05. Erigo itself uses celebrities or celebrities who are widely recognized by the public to promote its products with good knowledge and expertise and speaking skills in order to convince consumers of the product. Because the more well-known celebrity endorsers used to promote their products, the more interested someone is in buying the product and the level of trust also increases. Currently, celebrity endorsers are indeed the main attraction for purchasing products on social media. This is in line with research from (Malichah & Wiwoho, 2021; Rosita & Novitaningtyas, 2021) that promotional design using celebrities as advertising stars or celebrity endorsers can have a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions. Celebrities can show charisma regarding physical attractiveness and individuals who are good, trustworthy and intellectually broad will realize the desire to buy by consumers which can lead to a purchase of the product", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 31, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Frans Sudirjo, Ridwansyah, Tessa Handra, Maria Assumpta Wikantari, Aat Ruchiat", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 241, "top": 42, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 433, "top": 54, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "42", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "5. Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 377, "height": 189, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Based on the results of the analysis, brand image, information quality and celebrity endorsers have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions for Erigo products either segmentally or simultaneously. Brand trust helps to contribute the most to the purchase of Erigo clothing products. Customers believe that the brand of Erigo clothing products is a product sourced from an organization with a good and positive reputation and can bring confidence in the minds of customers. Customers agree that the prominent celebrity endorser figure of Erigo clothing products can give customers a high sense of confidence in making purchases. In addition, customers allow that Erigo Apparel has a good brand impression by being able to show the uniqueness of the brand that Erigo clothing products are easily accessible to customers. For the management of Erigo must familiarize the celebrity figure as an endorser of Erigo clothing products that are more in line with the appearance and impression that can represent the level of vitality of its customers . Erigo must develop its brand characteristics so that the Erigo label can maintain its trust and good name in the eyes of customers so that it can increase", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 321, "width": 60, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "References:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 335, "width": 378, "height": 37, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 515, "page_height": 728, "text": "Agianto, R., Setiawati, A., & Firmansyah, R. (2022). The Effect of Interpersonal Skills on Instagram Social Media Marketing on Purchasing Decisions for Erigo Fashion Products. 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[ { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 245", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 88, "width": 371, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RELEVANSI NILAI INFORMASI AKUNTANSI (BOOK VALUE DAN EPS) DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN BERDASARKAN NILAI KAPITALISASI PASAR", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 158, "top": 129, "width": 311, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Studi pada Perusahaan Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 156, "width": 239, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bernadetta Diana Nugraheni 1 , Cyrillius Martono 2 Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 182, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 207, "width": 399, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 23 Nov 2022 Revised : 14 Des 2022 Accepted : 19 Des 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 282, "top": 238, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 264, "width": 394, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aimed to examine the relevance of the value of accounting information using variables BV and EPS as well as the size of the company by distinguishing companies with large-scale and small-scale based on market capitalization. The research Model uses the portfolio-returns approach and regression approach. Indicators of value relevance testing of accounting information will be elaborated using regression approach to the stock price, while the value relevance indicators of earnings pershare and book value used the adjusted coefficient of determination (adj R2) to the company's stock price. Based on the results of testing variables BV and EPS effect on the company's stock price. While based on the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (adj R2) of earning pershare and Book value strong correlation to the company's stock price. The results of another study based on the size of the company showed that Book value and earning Pershare in large-scale companies affect the company's stock price. Based on the value of the adjusted coefficient of determination (adj R2) of earning Pershare and Book value in small-scale companies shows the strength of weak relationships, and in large-scale companies shows the strength of moderate relationships.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 479, "width": 321, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Value relevance, stock price, Earnings Pershare, Book value", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 517, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 530, "width": 184, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi pelaporan keuangan adalah penyediaan data, termasuk kondisi keuangan entitas, hasil operasi, dan perubahan kondisi keuangan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 580, "width": 184, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sehingga membantu membuat keputusan ekonomi bagi pengguna.informasi. Sumber daya yang dilaporkan di dalam laporan keuangan yang diukur bersumber pada nilainya, dan setelah itu nilai tersebut akan dibandingkan dengan nilai pasar saham perusahaan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 669, "width": 183, "height": 85, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi akuntansi berupa data yang disajikan oleh perusahaan dapat mencerminkan nilai perusahaan. Jika terdapat korelasi antara nilai perusahaan dengan angka akuntansi dalam laporan keuangan, maka dapat dikatakan informasi akuntansi berkualitas baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 530, "width": 183, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karena memiliki tingkat relevansi yang tinggi. Jika tidak, maka tidak ada investor yang tertarik menggunakan informasi akuntansi. FASB Concept Statement No 1, menyatakan bahwa “fokus utama dari pelaporan keuangan adalah informasi mengenai earnings dan komponen-komponennya”. Francis et al (2004) Relevansi nili didefinisikan sebagai alat untuk mengurangi fluktuasi pengembalian. dan pengembalian yang disajikan diharapkan dapat menjelaskan dengan lebih baik fluktuasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 694, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengembalian aktual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 707, "width": 183, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi akuntansi adalah data yang dapat digunakan untuk memahami kondisi dan kinerja keuangan suatu industri. Analisis keuangan adalah cara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "246 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memahami keuangan suatu industri, digunakan untuk memberikan informasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 184, "height": 263, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terkait industri yang dibutuhkan untuk proses pengambilan keputusan investasi (Puspitaningtyas, 2012). Analisis fundamental dikatakan membantu mengidentifikasi antara informasi akuntansi dengan nilai pasar dan bagi i investor memberi manfaat dalam memperkirakan pengembalian yang diharapkan dan risiko investasi (Puspitaningtyas, 2012). Scott (2006) menjelaskan konsep Informasi yang relevan untuk dipertimbangkan sehubungan dengan reaksi investor terhadap pengungkapan informasi yang relevan dalam dokumen keuangan. Isu- isu penting mengenai kandungan informasi keuangan dan reaksi para pengguna informasi keuangan, akan sangat terkait dengan konsep relevansi Keakuratan informasi penting karena mempengaruhi nilai saham.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 379, "width": 184, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Beaver, 2002; Rahmawati, 2005; Liu dan Liu, 2007; Puspitaningtyas, 2012). Temuan dalam penelitan yang bermacam- macam dan tidak berubah dari peneliti-peneliti yang melakukan pengujian variabel relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi Pinasti 2004 Merujuk pada temuan Collins et al (1997) dan Francis dan Schipper (1999). Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa selama empat puluh tahun terakhir data nilai buku serta laba tidak mengalami penurunan, meskipun terjadi pergeseran relevansi informasi pendapatan dengan informasi nilai buku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 184, "height": 188, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini dimungkinkan oleh fakta jika kedua nilai tersebut telah bergeser ke arah yang berlawanan. Selain itu, variabel terpenting dalam menentukan profitabilitas suatu bisnis adalah laba, atau jumlah nilai buku yang terjual., dan Kusuma (2006). Pinasti (2004) menyatakan bahwa penurunan sementara Pentingnya informasi akuntansi di Indonesia terlihat jelas dalam penilaian bisnis dan bagaimana hal itu mempengaruhi reaksi pasar terhadap informasi akuntansi. Hipotesis data alternatif menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan data akuntansi yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 212, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbeda dapat menyebabkan hasil pasar yang berbeda. Hipotesis Pasar Efisien Dinyatakan bahwa harga sekuritas memperhitungkan semua fakta yang relevan. dan bebas dari bias data. Bentuk semi-kuat dari teori hipotesis pasar efektif yang mendasari beberapa studi relevansi nilai tidak hanya menyebutkan harga saham historis, tetapi ada hal-hal lain yang tersedia di pasar, seperti informasi tentang nilai tukar mata uang. Indra dan Stam (2004) menemukan bahwa dari waktu ke waktu, rasio laba terhadap nilai buku meningkat, dan ini merupakan ukuran ekspektasi masa depan investor. Penelitian ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 303, "width": 183, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menentukan kekuatan hubungan antara pentingnya informasi akuntansi dalam menghitung kapitalisasi pasar dan nilai R2. Studi ini menemukan bahwa informasi tentang neraca perusahaan (nilai buku ekuitas ditambah pendapatan) ada hubungannya dengan nilai pasar.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 404, "width": 183, "height": 263, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, informasi neraca dan laba rugi merupakan informasi yang penting untuk dipergunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi, nilai R2 yang dihasilkan dari tahun ke tahun mengalami perubahan baik pada saat maupun sekitar penerbitan.laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pengintegrasian laba manajemen ke dalam nilai saham perusahaan dapat menurunkan relevansi nilai buku dan ekuitas. Selanjutnya penelitian Chandrapala (2013), Menggunakan pooled cross-sectional data regression , menghasilkan temuan bahwa nilai relevansi dari earnings dan book value berada dibawah rata-rata, dengan menggunakan data dari Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) di Sri Lanka periode tahun 2005-2009.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 670, "width": 183, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian mengenai simple earnings capitalization model telah banyak dilakukan, hasilnya menyatakan bahwa ada relasi yang signifikan antara earnings dan equity value of firms (Bae dan Jeong, 2007). Demikian juga pendapat yang dikemukakan oleh Ou", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan Sepe (2002) bahwa simple earnings", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 100, "width": 184, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "capitalization model apabila tidak menggunakan nilai buku maka akan kehilangan faktor relevansi nilainya. Peasnell (1982) dalam Bae dan Jeong", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 151, "width": 184, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2007) dan Ohlson (1995) bahwa firm value dapat dilihat dari book value dan jumlah tertentu dari discount atas present value dari future abnormal earnings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 214, "width": 184, "height": 289, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam teori keagenan dijelaskan bahwa dengan mekanisme pengawasan oleh shareholders’ interest dapat memitigasi konflik kepentingan yang mungkin timbul, sehingga peran ownership concentration atau kepemilikan terkonsentrasi sebagai suatu mekanisme yang dapat mempengaruhi para eksekutif dalam mengurangi terjadinya konflik keagenan. Hal ini jelas dinyatakan bahwa informasi akuntansi yang tidak sepenuhnya diterima oleh para pelaku bisnis akan menimbulkan perilaku yang oportunis, sehingga harus dihindari dan perlu bagi para penyedia informasi keuangan untuk menyusun laporan yang more usefull. Chandrapala (2013) dalam penelitiannya menguji mengenai impact dari struktur kepemilikan yang terkonsentrasi dan kuran perusahaan atas relevansi nilai dari variable-variabel akuntansi, yaitu earnings dan book value", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 505, "width": 184, "height": 213, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan hasil bahwa relevansi nilai dari perbedaan antara bisnis dengan kepemilikan yang bersifat terkonsentrasi tidak besar dengan demikian mencerminkan ukuran perusahaan, dengan skala besar memiliki relevansi yang lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan dengan skala kecil. Penelitian ini merupakan replikasi yang dibuat oleh Chandrapala (2013). Dengan menggunakan model penilaian price model, pentingnya mengetahui nilai informasi akuntansi dengan melihat laba dan nilai buku, serta ukuran perusahaan. manfaat dari penelitian ini akan memberikan kontribusi pengetahuan yang berharga bagi manajemen,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 100, "width": 400, "height": 656, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sehingga dapat memberikan informasin keuangan yang akurat dan membantu membuat keputusan yang tepat. Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi Pentingnya relevansi nilai dicirikan sebagai kapasitas untuk klasifikasi (explanatory power) akuntansi yang sesuai dengan nilai perusahaan (Beaver, 1968). Nilai yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi keuntungan dari angka-angka akuntansi ini dalam penilaian fundamental (Puspitaningtyas, 2012). Definisi lain yang dapat dijelaskan (Pinasti, 2004) meliputi kemampuan menjelaskan ( explanatory power ) informasi tentang harga surat berharga atau return saham. Ball and Brown (1968) Kegunaan informasi keuangan yang akurat bagi investor dalam menghitung tingkat pengembalian yang diharapkan dari keputusan investasi ditunjukkan dalam penelitian ini. Jika informasi tidak akurat, tidak akan ada dampak setelah menerima informasi. Akhirnya, tidak ada lagi pilihan untuk membeli dan menjual. Tanpa pilihan pembelian atau kemungkinan penjualan, maka tidak terjadi volume perdagangan atau perubahan harga saham. Puspitaningtyas (2012) mengungkap bahwa pada dasarnya, data akan berharga jika dapat membuat para investor mengubah keyakinan dan aktivitasnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 493, "width": 183, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, manfaat bagi investor dapat diperkirakan dengan sejauh mana penyesuaian harga serta volume setelah adanya deklarasi informasi. Teori yang dikemukakan oleh Ohlson (1995) Clean Surplus Theory,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 568, "width": 183, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan hipotesis esensial dari signifikansi Informasi akuntansi penting untuk memahami nilai perusahaan, dan ada hubungan yang jelas antara nilai perusahaan dan informasi yang ditemukan dalam laporan keuangan. Subekti (2012) Hipotesis ini memberikan bukti bahwa ekuitas dan pendapatan adalah indikator terbaik dari kesuksesan masa depan perusahaan. Ada hubungan positif antara ekuitas dan pendapatan. Ketika ekuitas tinggi, keuntungan biasanya juga tinggi. Hal ini karena laba merupakan hasil dari nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "248 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 186, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "aset perusahaan dan jumlah ekuitas yang dimiliki pemegang saham di perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 186, "height": 326, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika ekuitas tinggi, nilai pasar juga tinggi, karena investor lebih nyaman berinvestasi di perusahaan dengan ekuitas lebih banyak. (Scott, 2006)., menurut Francis dan Schipper (1999) Metode untuk mengevaluasi relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi adai empat yaitu: (1) pendekatan fundamental analysis , yang menggunakan penyimpangan harga saham untuk mengidentifikasi kapan informasi akuntansi memengaruhi harga pasar; (2) pendekatan perkiraan, yang mengasumsikan bahwa informasi akuntansi akan berlaku di masa depan; (3) pendekatan kepentingan, yang percaya jika investor menggunakan infomasi akuntansi untuk menentukan harga saham. Metodologi ini melihat seberapa penting informasi akuntansi bagi pasar, kemudian (4) Metode estimasi yang digunakan untuk menentukan nilai relevansi membantu bisnis memahami pentingnya topik dan data tertentu, dan cara terbaik untuk menggunakan sumber daya secara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 442, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 467, "width": 184, "height": 187, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi dari EPS dan Nilai Buku Earnings Per Share (EPS) EPS (laba per saham) adalah ukuran yang digunakan dalam prospektus perusahaan dan laporan tahunan yang menunjukkan seberapa baik kinerja perusahaan secara finansial dengan membagi keuntungannya dengan jumlah saham yang beredar.Informasi ini penting untuk memprediksi berapa banyak uang yang akan dibayarkan perusahaan dalam bentuk dividen dan seberapa tinggi harga saham di masa depan. (Ball dan Brown, 1968).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 657, "width": 183, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melakukan kajian tentang pentingnya informasi akuntansi, menyatakan bahwa nilai buku perusahaan adalah indikator yang baik tentang kemungkinan laba normal di masa depan.. (Ohlson, 1995). Dwimulyani (2010) dapat menjelaskan bahwa manfaat dari informasi akuntansi yang terdapat pada neraca memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "relevansi data dalam bentuk setengah kuat terhadap nilai pasar perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 113, "width": 183, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengujian lebih lanjut dengan menambahkan variabel laba maka nilai relevansi informasi akan meningkat selanjutnya dengan menambah variable laba maka relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi membaik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 189, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Price to Book Value (PBV)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 202, "width": 183, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Price to book value (PBV). adalah ukuran berapa banyak saham perusahaan diperdagangkan pada atau mendekati harga pasar. Menggambarkan pula aktivitas perusahaan, dan jumlah modal yang tersedia. terhadap nilai perusahaan. PBV memberikan informasi yang komprehensif mengenai kinerja perusahaan dan tren keuangan setiap saat. Informasi ini membantu investor membuat keputusan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 328, "width": 183, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan informasi tentang nilai perusahaan.. Utama dan Santosa, (1998) menyatakan Sebuah perusahaan yang berkinerja baik secara keseluruhan memiliki proporsi PBV lebih besar dari satu, menunjukkan bahwa nilai pasar saham lebih penting daripada nilai buku dan bahwa proporsi yang besar PBV perusahaan menunjukkan komparatif yang lebih tinggi dinilai oleh pemodal (investor) yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam sumber daya finansial. Standard Akuntansi yang konsisten seperti halnya Rasio PBV di seluruh perusahaan dapat diukur untuk menemukan undervalues", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 518, "width": 183, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau overvalues , seperti: Perusahaan dengan pendapatan negatif yang tidak dapat diukur menggunakan PER dapat dinilai kembali menggunakan PBV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 594, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 619, "width": 177, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: laba per saham (EPS) memiliki relevansi nilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 644, "width": 177, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: Nilai buku ekuitas per saham (nilai buku persaham) memiliki relevansi nilai H3 : Relevansi nilai laba dan nilai buku untuk perusahaan skala besar lebih tinggi daripada untuk perusahaan skala kecil.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 746, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 186, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga saham mencerminkan nilai perusahaan bagi pemegang saham. Harga saham yang tinggi menandakan adanya peningkatan permintaan atas saham perusahaan tersebut., yang pada gilirannya menyebabkan peningkatan nilai perusahaan. Peningkatan nilai ini juga tercermin pada harga saham. Harga saham mencerminkan nilai perusahaan, kekayaan perusahaan serta kemakmuran pemegang saham. Peningkatan permintaan untuk saham perusahaan mencerminkan suatu keputusan investasi, pembiayaan, dan manajemen aset perusahaan.Harga saham merupakan indikator penting kesehatan perusahaan, dan dapat memberikan wawasan penting tentang kinerja perusahaan dan prospek masa depan. Tujuan utama perusahaan adalah menciptakan nilai bagi pemegang sahamnya. Menurut (Fama, 1978 dalam Rachmawati 2007), Harga pasar saham mencerminkan nilai aset perusahaan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 391, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan nilai pasar saham seringkali didasarkan pada peluang investasi. Hal ini mempengaruhi nilai perusahaan secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis Pasar Efisien (Efficiency", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 467, "width": 184, "height": 289, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Market Hypothesis) Hipotesis Pasar Efisien, mengacu pada microeconomic price theory , digambarkan oleh kepentingan serta pengaturan infomasi pada pasar keuangan. Hipotesis pasar efisien hanya signifikan ketika berhubungan dengan sejumlah data yang diberikan atau dapat diakses dalam kerangka kerja yang mengungkapkan moneter. Jika pasar saham efektif, maka harus mencerminkan semua informasi yang tersedia bagi investor. Sistem pelaporan keuangan yang baik diperlukan untuk memastikan harga saham hanya efektif jika sepenuhnya mencerminkan semua informasi yang tersedia. (Schroeder, 2005), Fama adalah tokoh utama yang menggunakan istilah \"efisien\". Agar efisien, pasar harus dengan cepat mengubah informasi. “efisien”. pasar\" sebagai pasar yang merespon dengan cepat mengubah informasi. (Schroeder,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2005) baru Dalam Schroeder (2005), Fama mengakui struktur informasi menjadi tiga, untuk mengakomodasi berbagai jenis informasi dan melakukan pengujian observasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 164, "width": 183, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bentuk pasar yang lemah adalah di mana harga hanya mencerminkan informasi masa lalu., yang menguntungkan investor yang menggunakan informasi berdasarkan pola harga, siklus harga, atau faktor lainnya. 2. Pasar semi-kuat adalah pasar di mana harga saham didasarkan pada beberapa informasi yang tersedia, tetapi tidak semua..", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 303, "width": 183, "height": 174, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pasar yang kuat adalah pasar di mana harga saham didasarkan pada semua informasi yang tersedia untuk umum, sehingga setiap orang dapat membuat keputusan investasi yang tepat. Bentuk pasar kuat biasanya harga stabil atau naik secara bertahap. Data pribadi hanya dapat diakses oleh manajer, direktur, dan Informasi orang dalam tersedia untuk analis keuangan. Di pasar yang efisien, perusahaan tidak perlu mengomunikasikan semua informasi keuangan dengan jelas atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 480, "width": 169, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membuatnya mudah dipahami oleh pembuat keputusan. Namun, ini tidak berarti bahwa pasar dapat secara akurat memprediksi kejadian di masa depan. Hipotesis pasar yang efisien adalah keyakinan bahwa semua informasi yang diperlukan investor tersedia dan tidak bias, mengarah pada pengambilan keputusan yang efisien. (Schroeder, 2005 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 619, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ukuran perusahaan dan Relevansi Nilai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 644, "width": 183, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bae dan Jeong (2007) telah mengindikasikan dalam penelitiannya bahwa size perusahaan merupakan faktor kunci dalam menentukan relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi. Brimble dan Hodgson (2007) dalam Chandrapala (2013) Relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi (laba dan nilai buku) di pasar saham Australia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "250 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang kecil terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan explanatory power untuk perusahaan kecil menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi dari pada perusahaan besar. Demikian juga Chandrapala (2013), Hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan ukuran perusahaan yang paling relevan ketika menentukan nilai laba dan nilai buku. Perusahaan skala besar akan memiliki nilai relevansi yang lebih tinggi daripada perusahaan skala kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 265, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kapitalisasi pasar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 183, "height": 187, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kapitalisasi pasar yang besar biasanya merupakan atribut yang diinginkan investor dalam hal saham. Hal ini menurut Rahardjo (2006) yang menjelaskan bahwa kapitalisasi pasar adalah nilai total saham yang dikeluarkan suatu perusahaan.. Menurut Fachruddin (2008;115), kapitalisasi pasar adalah nilai suatu industri yang diperdagangkan secara publik di bursa efek. Investor jangka panjang biasanya mencari kapitalisasi besar. Selain pembagian dividen dan eksposur risiko yang rendah, perusahaan memiliki kemampuan pengembangan industri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 467, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang luar biasa. Saham sangat diminati sehingga harga saham biasanya relatif tinggi dan menghasilkan pengembalian yang besar. Semakin besar kapitalisasi pasar saham, semakin lama investor akan menahannya. Hal ini disebabkan keyakinan investor bahwa industri besar secara finansial stabil, bebas risiko, dan memiliki prospek jangka panjang serta pengembalian yang tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 606, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 619, "width": 186, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian berbasis hipotesis untuk menguji pengaruh informasi akuntansi terhadap harga saham. Variabel harga saham, (P) sebagai variabel dependen, sedangkan variabel independen adalah :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Earnings, yang dinotasikan dengan E.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 720, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Nilai Buku, yang dinotasikan dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 733, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Definisi operasional dan pengukuran variabel penting dalam penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 126, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Relevansi Nilai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 138, "width": 183, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model penelitian dikemukakan oleh Chandrapala (2013), dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada hubungan antara nilai pasar ekuitas dan variabel akuntansi. . Dan apabila diformulasikan menjadi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 214, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MVE = f (AI)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 225, "width": 183, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "………………………….(1) Yakni, nilai pasar ekuitas adalah fungsi dari informasi akuntansi. Hal ini dapat didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 290, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laporan keuangan perusahaan untuk memberikan informasi kepada investor yang berdampak signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. (Bae dan Jeong, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 341, "width": 183, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini mengadopsi Chandrapala (2013), dimana penelitian ini menggunakan model serupa dengan yang digunakan Francis dan Schipper (1999) dalam Bae dan Jeong (2007). Di dalam operasional dari relevansi nilai, ada dua pendekatan yang dapat dipilih yaitu portfolio-returns approach dan regression approach. Relevansi nilai dalam penelitian ini akan dijabarkan menggunakan regression approach sesuai dengan Bae dan Jeong (2007), Chandrapala (2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 518, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P it = α 0 + β 1 E it + β 2 BV it +  it………………. …… (2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 557, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimana: P it = harga perlembar saham perusahaan i pada 3 bulan setelah tahun fiscal t berakhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 607, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E it = earnings pershare perusahaan i pada akhir tahun t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 633, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BV it", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 633, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= book value pershare perusahaan i pada akhir tahun t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 670, "width": 186, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The adjusted coefficient of determination (adj R 2 ) dipergunakani mengukur relevansi nilai dari earnings dan book value digunakan . Disini juga akan diuji secara parsial untuk menganalisis explanatory power dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 251", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "variable earnings dan book value terhadap price.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 126, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P it = α 0 + β 1 E it +", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 140, "top": 135, "width": 130, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " it ……………………..….… (3) persamaan keempat adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 164, "width": 184, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P it = α 0 + β 1 BV it +  it ………………………… (4) 1. Earnings (E) Earnings dapat diartikan sebagai kemampuan laba dalam memberikan informasi kepada pengguna informasi akuntansi. Earnings diukur dengan EPS (laba per saham) adalah ukuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 279, "width": 184, "height": 137, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "profitabilitas perusahaan dan dinyatakan dalami persentase Mengacu pada nomor PSAK. nomor 56 (sebagaimana direvisi pada tahun 2011).. EPS merupakan indikator utama kesehatan keuangan perusahaan dan dapat menjadi prediktor pergerakan harga saham.. Rumus menghitung EPS sebagai berikut; Earning After Tax", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 418, "width": 33, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EPS =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 431, "width": 178, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah lembar saham yang beredar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 469, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Nilai Buku (BV ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 482, "width": 184, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai buku yang dihitung dengan membagi nilai aset entitas (termasuk aset tidak berwujud) dengan jumlah saham yang beredar merupakan ukuran kesehatan keuangan entitas. Rumus menghitung nilai buku sebagai berikut: Nilai Ekuitas BV = Jumlah lembar saham yang beredar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 621, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 633, "width": 183, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel dalam pene;litian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dari tahun 2012 hingga 2017. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang diinginkan dalam analisis maka metode pengambilan sampel dipilih secara cermat agar memperoleh sampel yang representatif, seperti mengumpulkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 174, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sampel yang representatif. Sampel yang dipilih paling mewakili populasi. yang memenuhi kriteria peneliti. Sementara kriteria berikut digunakan untuk memilih sampel penelitian: a. Perusahaan mempublikasikan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit secara terus menerus secara lengkap dari tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2017 dan telah terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. b. Periode Pelaporan keuangan perusahaan berakhir setiap 31 Desember.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 278, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 290, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 312, "width": 181, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P it = α 0 + β 1 E it + β 2 BV it +  it ------------- (1) P it = α 0 + β 1 E it +  it --------------------------------------", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 355, "width": 16, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 364, "width": 180, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P it = α 0 + β 1 BV it +  it -----------------------------------", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 381, "width": 183, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(3) Model ini lebih mampu memperkirakan kemiringan model penilaian yang tidak bias, Model penilaian di atas menggunakan model harga untuk penetapan harga yang akurat. (Kothari dan Zimmerman, 1995). Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan juga adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj R 2 ) , untuk mengukur seberapa besar nilai informasi tentang earnings dan informasi book value.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 533, "width": 183, "height": 212, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mencari besar/kecilnya relevansi nilai (kekuatan hubungan) maka dapat digunakan pedoman untuk Adj R 2 (Dwimulyani, 2010): Jika Adj R 2 < 0,40 kekuatan hubungan lemah Jika 0,40 < Adj R 2 < 0,60 kekuatan hubungan sedang Jika Adj R 2 > 0,60 kekuatan hubungan kuat Ketiga model regresi tersebut akan diaplikasikan kepada keseluruhan sampel dan sub sampel dari ukuran perusahaan.Keseluruhan sampel akan dibagi menjadi dua sub sampel, yaitu: (1) Small firms (2) Large firms Hodgson dan Clarke (2000) menggunakan market", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 788, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "252 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 187, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "capitalization untuk mengklasifikasikan sampel menjadi dua kelompok. Perusahaan dengan market capitalization kurang dari median market capitalization dikelompokkan sebagai small firms, sedangkan sebaliknya dikelompokkan sebagai large firms. Pengujian Hipotesis dengan Uji Regresi Berganda Sebelum melakukan analisis untuk menguji hipotesis, penting terlebih dahulu melakukan uji asumsi klasik untuk memeriksa tanda-tanda ketidaknormalan data. Jika salah satu dari tes ini menunjukkan bahwa data mungkin salah, maka data mungkin tidak akurat dan perlu dilakukan analisis ulang. (Gujarati, 1995).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 290, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 138, "width": 108, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 164, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heteroskedastisitas menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variansi residual yang tidak sama dari satu pengamatan ke pengamatan lainnya. Agar lebih meyakinkan, pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan ukuran Fixed Effect Parameter yang tidak tertimbang termasuk Prob. t-Statistik , R- kuadrat dan Prob (F-statistik). Ini menegaskan temuan uji signifikansi. sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 315, "width": 282, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Pebandingan Parameter kedua Model Fixed Effect", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 341, "width": 381, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parameter Fixed Effect Unweighted Fixed Effect Weighted Prob. t-Statistic EPS > 0,05 EPS dan BV < 0,05 R-squared 0.771615 0.889065 Prob (F-statistic) 0.000000 0.000000 Sumber : diolah Berdasarkan data pada tabel 1, pada parameter di atas tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, hanya pada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 184, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Probability t-statistic dimana model bobot Fixed Effect untuk kedua variabel independen signifikan. Sedangkan R- squered untuk model Fixed Effect berbobot lebih besar (lebih baik). Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa Model tidak mengandung korelasi serial dalam data. model Fixed Effect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 584, "width": 184, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Autokorelasi Nilai Residual dari satu pengamatan dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 609, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "residual dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 432, "width": 184, "height": 174, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengamatan lainnya. berdasarkan Uji autokorelasi terdapat hubungan yang signifikan. Model regresi memprediksi nilai DW sebesar 2.211421. Nilai variabel lebih cenderung signifikan secara statistik jika dibandingkan dengan tabel DW dengan jumlah observasi (n) = 70, jumlah variabel bebas (k) = 2, dan tingkat signifikansi 0.05., dimana nilai dL adalah 1,5542; nilai dU adalah 1,6715; dan nilai 4 – dU adalah 2,3285. Karena nilai DW antara dU dan 4 – dU, maka hasil perhitungan menunjukkan tidak adanya autokorelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 622, "width": 3, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 647, "width": 400, "height": 100, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Hasil Pengujian Autokorelasi dengan Durbin-Watson Model DW dl du 4-du Keterangan Model 1 2.211421 1,5542 1,6715 2,3285 Bebas Autokorelasi Sumber : diolah Uji Multikolinearitas Multikolinearitas merupakan masalah hubungan linier antar variabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 253", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam model regresi. Ini berarti bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut terlalu dekat hubungannya satu sama lain, yang dapat membuat sulit untuk memahami dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memprediksi hasil model. Model regresi bersifat multikolinear jika koefisien korelasi antara masing-masing variabel independen lebih besar dari 0,8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 151, "width": 153, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Koefisien korelasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 177, "width": 340, "height": 125, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel EPS BV EPS 1.000000 0.630116 BV 0.630116 1.000000 Sumber: diolah Pada tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa variabel EPS dan BV memiliki nilai kurang dari 0,8, dengan demikian dapat dikatakan tidak terjadi multikolinearitas dalam model regresi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 317, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian Data Panel (Pemilihan Model Terbaik)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 400, "height": 175, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengetahui relevansi nilai inforamasi akuntansi ( Book value dan Erning pershare ), relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi untuk perusahaan besar dan kecil dengan harga saham , dalam penelitian ini sangat penting untuk menerapkan Regresi Kuadrat Terkecil terhadap harga saham. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan salah satu dari tiga model panel, yaitu model common effect atau model fixed effect .,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 305, "width": 184, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka sangat penting. k dilakukan uji", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 317, "width": 186, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hausman Test dan Chow Test , Berikut adalah Uji model dari pilihan model. Berdasarkan Chow test. Tabel 4, Hasil Prob. Cross-section F adalah 0,0000 yang nilainya < 0,05 maka disimpulkan bahwa versi Fixed Effect lebih cocok daripada versi Common Effect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 431, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji Chow (CHOW TEST).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 457, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Uji Model Fixed Dan Common Efect", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 482, "width": 380, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Effects Test Statistic d.f. Prob. Cross-section F 10.784149 -69,348 0.00000 Cross-section Chi-square 480.33763 69 0.00000 Sumber :Hasil pengolahan data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 560, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hausman Test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 573, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk memilih model mana yang paling cocok untuk dataset tertentu, perlu mempertimbangkan Fixed Effect dan Random Effect dari model tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 611, "width": 238, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5.Uji Model Random Effect Dg Fixed Effect", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 398, "height": 112, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Test Summary Chi-Sq. Statistic Chi-Sq. D.F. Prob. Cross-section random 37.502220 2 0.0000 Sumber :Hasil pengolahan data Tabel di atas menunjukkan bahwa probabilitas bahwa nilai random lebih besar dari 0,05. Jadi, model yang digunakan adalah model random effect .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 701, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, jika nilainya di bawah 0,05, maka modelnya adalah model fixed effect .. Karena nilai Prob. 0,0000 dengan nilai 0,05 Berdasarkan data pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "254 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 . Hasil pengujian pemilihan model, maka dipilih model Fixed Effect . Pengujian Hipotesis Pengujian Hipotesis (H1-H3) Pada tabel di bawah ini, konsekuensi pengujian model eksplorasi telah diringkas menggunakan program aplikasi Eviews . Berikut tabel hasil uji model penelitian dengan fixed effect :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 178, "top": 164, "width": 270, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Pengujian Model penelitian dengan Fixed Effect", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 192, "width": 402, "height": 282, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 1568.168 34.73871 45.1418 0.0000 EPS -0.100612 0.033093 -3.04031 0.0025 BV 0.207218 0.02256 9.185226 0.0000 Effects Specification Cross-section fixed (dummy variables) Weighted Statistics R-squared 0.889065 Mean dependent var 5046.935 Adjusted R-squared 0.866432 S.D. dependent var 3353.113 S.E. of regression 1711.806 Sum squared resid 1.02E+09 F-statistic 39.28128 Durbin-Watson stat 2.211421 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000000 Sumber :Hasil pengolahan data Jika f-statistik kurang dari 0,05, maka variabel bebas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat. Ini berarti bahwa persamaan model signifikan pada level 5% dan nilai R- kuadrat yang disesuaikan mendekati 86%.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 490, "width": 183, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis pertama (H1): adalah bahwa laba per saham (EPS) memiliki relevansi nilai.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 527, "width": 184, "height": 213, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis 1 menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,0025 yang merupakan jumlah yang lebih kecil dari 0,05. Hal ini berarti penolakan terhadap hipotesis nol . EPS dapat menjadi ukuran laba perusahaan berdampak positif terhadap nilai perusahaan yang dicapai melalui laba per saham.Kinerja perusahaan dapat dibandingkan dengan kinerja perusahaan lain dalam industrinya. akan sangat membantu investor dalam menilai nilai perusahaan... Satu sisi, informasi mengenai pertumbuhan pendapatan yang diterima investor memperkuat persepsi mereka dalam menggunakan pendapatan sebagai indikator analisis fundamental.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 743, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di sisi lain, informasi ini juga membantu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 388, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "investor untuk lebih memahami kondisi ekonomi yang mendasari suatu perusahaan. Dalam membuat keputusan tentang perusahaan, penting untuk memahami pendapatannya. Informasi ini perlu diketahui seberapa menguntungkan perusahaan itu dan seberapa besar nilai yang mungkin diciptakannya dari investasi di masa depan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 527, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis kedua (H2) adalah nilai buku ekuitas per saham (nilai buku per saham) memiliki relevansi nilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 566, "width": 184, "height": 182, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat Probabilitas sebesar 0.000 menunjukkan signifikansi, bahwa ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan ketika nilai buku persaham meningkat,. investor cenderung tertarik pada perusahaan dan membuat keputusan investasi berdasarkan nilai tersebut. Koefisien yang dihasilkan oleh pengujian mendukung gagasan ini, dan karena itu investor cenderung mendapat keuntungan dari peningkatan nilai buku modal per saham. Pengujian Hipotesis 3 (H3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 255", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 212, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model regresi laba persaham dan nilai buku persaham menghasilkan nilai yang sama ketika disesuaikan dengan nilai explanatory power (Adjusted R 2 ). Setiap kelompok dilakukukan tes sesuai dengan hipotesis. Regresi potong lintang tahun pengamatan menghasilkan Adjusted R2 (2012-2017). Tujuan dari pengelompokan ini adalah untuk menjawab Hipotesis 3 dengan mengidentifikasi relevansi nilai. usaha besar dan usaha kecil. Selain itu, pengelompokan juga didasarkan pada nilai kapitalisasi pasar besar dan kecil. Nilai kapitalisasi tinggi jika nilainya di atas median sampel survei dan termasuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam kategori kecil jika nilainya di bawah median. Sebagai hasil dari pengelompokan ini, 206 sampel saham berkapitalisasi besar dan 214 subsampel berkapitalisasi kecil diidentifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 159, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perbandingan Relevansi Nilai antara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 172, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan dengan skala besar dan Perusahaan dengan skala kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 401, "height": 271, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7 menyajikan koefisien dari laba persaham dan nilai buku dari model persamaan regresi (2) – (4), serta nilai Adjusted R 2 untuk perusahaan skala besar dan perusahaan skala kecil. Model regresi 2 tersebut tidak mengandung permasalahan asumsi klasik. Tabel 7. Relevansi Nilai Earning Pershare dan Book Value Pershare dengan Skala Perusahaan Mode l SMALL FIRMS LARGE FIRMS EPS BV Adj.R 2 F-value EPS BV Adj.R 2 F-value 2 0.440366 (0.775088 ) 0.625874 (7.892319 ) 0.56985 8 142.092 4 1.788884 (2.829368 ) 0.307355 (2.383223 ) 0.16479 8 21.2248 4 3 0.671847 (9.709804 ) 0.56670 0 279.576 5 0.555304 (5.770686 ) 0.13611 8 33.3008 2 4 2.480643 (2.801170 ) 0.24475 8 70.0287 3 2.812780 (5.995444 ) 0.14563 9 35.9453 5 ***Signifikan pada level 5%.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 468, "width": 201, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model 2, Pit = α0 + β1EPSit + β2BVit + Ɛit . Model 3, Pit = α0 + β1EPSit + Ɛit Model 4, Pit = α0 + β1BVit + Ɛit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 521, "width": 184, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adjusted R2 untuk model perusahaan kecil lebih rendah dari adjusted R2 untuk model keseluruhan, menunjukkan bahwa informasi akuntansi yang diberikan oleh perusahaan kecil kurang akurat dibandingkan dengan informasi akuntansi yang diberikan oleh perusahaan besar. Hal ini sering disebabkan oleh kemungkinan pengambilalihan oleh pemegang saham pengendali.(klass et al.,2000b) Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada adjusted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 673, "width": 184, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "R2 untuk perusahaan besar dan kecil berdasarkan data pada Tabel 8. Rata-rata adjusted R2 untuk perusahaan besar adalah 0.460, sedangkan rata-rata adjusted R2 untuk perusahaan kecil dan menengah adalah 0.149. Perbedaan ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 521, "width": 184, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "signifikan secara statistik pada tingkat 5%..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 546, "width": 183, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai antara Perusahaan dengan skala Besar dan Perusahaan dengan skala Kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 584, "width": 184, "height": 149, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi ini menemukan bahwa model perusahaan besar memiliki korelasi yang lebih tinggi daripada model perusahaan kecil. Ini berarti bahwa perusahaan besar memiliki kesamaan satu sama lain daripada perusahaan kecil... Adanya pelaporan keuangan yang berkualitas ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya relevansi nilai. Kondisi ini tercermin dari semakin kuatnya kemampuan pemegang saham institusional untuk memantau aktivitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "256 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "manajemen dan mengambil tindakan yang dapat merugikan investor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 126, "width": 186, "height": 263, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pergeseran Relevansi Nilai dari Laba persaham ke Nilai Buku . Pendapatan yang konsisten dengan koefisien proporsi dari semua mode regresi untuk setiap pengelompokan yang terutama didasarkan sepenuhnya pada skala perusahaan menunjukkan kisaran penurunan daripada koefisien nilai buku. Secara umum koefisien Pendapatan yang konsisten dengan proporsi nilai buku sangat besar pada tingkat 5%. Berdasarkan pengaruh analisis sebelumnya, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai buku memiliki pengaruh yang besar daripada pendapatan, yang sejalan dengan proporsinya dalam mempengaruhi biaya perusahaan di pasar modal. Laba yang digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja ekonomi pengusaha secara keseluruhan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 186, "height": 301, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seringkali menjadi tujuan utama para manajer untuk dimanipulasi dengan tujuan mencapai target mereka, dan ini adalah salah satu elemen di balik fenomena ini. Manipulasi pendapatan berbentuk manajemen pendapatan, yang dapat dilakukan dengan memanipulasi transaksi aktual atau akrual. Karena manipulasi pendapatan mengurangi keuntungan pendapatan, perusahaan akan mengalihkan fokus mereka ke nilai buku saat membuat keputusan pendanaan. Hal lain yang menyebabkan penurunan dalam posisi pendapatan adalah tambahan persyaratan akuntansi dari nilai historis ke biaya yang sebenarnya dalam mengukur biaya perusahaan. Biaya wajar menampilkan biaya aktual tambahan daripada nilai historis. Laba lebih mungkin melampaui waktu, sementara fungsi ekonomi terutama didasarkan pada biaya yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 120, "top": 417, "width": 387, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Relevansi Nilai Earning Pershare dan Book Value Pershare dengan skala Perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 557, "width": 201, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "***Signifikan pada level 5%. Model 2, Pit = α0 + β1EPSit + β2BVit + Ɛit . Model 3, Pit = α0 + β1EPSit + Ɛit Model 4, Pit = α0 + β1BVit + Ɛit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 621, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Relevansi nilai dengan Laba persaham dan Nilai buku persaham", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 641, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Relevansi Nilai dari Earning Pershare dan Book Value Pershare", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 451, "width": 408, "height": 292, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Coeffisien Regresi Adj. R 2 F-value EPS BV 2 -0.100612 0.207218 0.866432 39.28128 3 0.245088 0.882108 45.78736 4 0.006883 0.851682 35.37148 Rata-rata 0.866741 Sumber :Hasil pengolahan data Model SMALL FIRMS LARGE FIRMS EPS BV Adj.R 2 F-value EPS BV Adj.R 2 F-value 2 0.440366 (0.775088) 0.625874 (7.892319) 0.569858 142.0924 1.788884 (2.829368) 0.307355 (2.383223) 0.164798 21.22484 3 0.671847 (9.709804) 0.566700 279.5765 0.555304 (5.770686) 0.136118 33.30082 4 2.480643 (2.801170) 0.244758 70.02873 2.812780 (5.995444) 0.145639 35.94535 Rata- rata 0.460439 0.148852", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 257", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 162, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan persamaan model 2 pada tabel 9 menunjukkan bahwa relevansi nilai mempunyai kekuatan hubungan yang kuat terhadap laba persaham dan nilai buku. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil dari nilai adjusted R 2 sebesar 0,86 atau sebesar 86%. Demikian pula pada persamaan model 3 dan model 4. Menunjukkan bahwa relevansi nilai mempunyai hubungan yang kuat terhadap Laba per saham dan Nilai buku, sehingga secara rata-rata dari nilai rata-rata adjusted R 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 252, "width": 184, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebesar 0,86 mampu menjelaskan relevansi nilai informasi akuntansi dan sisanya dijelaskan oleh faktor lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 303, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Relevansi Nilai terhadap Laba per saham dan Nilai buku antara perusahaan dengan skala Besar dan Perusahaan dengan skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 353, "width": 25, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 366, "width": 184, "height": 111, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan persamaan regresi kedua dengan pengelompokan sampel menjadi perusahaan dengan skala besar dan perusahaan dengan skala kecil, maka dapat diketahui dari masing- masing sampel dalam kelompok yaitu kekuatan hubungan dari Nilai relevansi perusahaan terhadap laba per saham dan nilai buku ekuitas adalah penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 480, "width": 187, "height": 187, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisa yang ditunjukkan pada tabel 8 pada model 2 untuk perusahaan dengan skala besar diperoleh nilai adjusted R 2 sebesar 0,569 . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa relevansi nilai memiliki kekuatan hubungan sedang terhadap laba persaham dan nilai bukunya,. Demikian pula pada model 3 yang menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan sedang relevamsi nilai terhadap laba persaham dengan nilai adjusted R 2 sebesar 0,566, akan tetapi pada model 4 relevansi nilai terhadap nilai buku memiliki kekuatan hubungan yang lemah dengan niulai adjusted R 2 sebesar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 184, "height": 88, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,244. Secara rata-rata nilai adjusted R 2 pada perusahaan dengan skala besar menunjukkan kekuatan hubungan sedang dengan nilai sebesar 0,460. Model sampel pada perusahaan dengan skala kecil menghasilkan nilai adjusted R 2 yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 162, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan semua model. Rata-rata, informasi akuntansi tidak begitu relevan bagi perusahaan berskala kecil. hal ini ditunjukkan nilai adjusted R 2 sebesar 0,148. Demikian pula pada model 3 dan 4 bahwa laba persaham dan nilai buku memiliki kekuatan hubungan yang lemah terhadap relevansi nilai. Hal ini mengindikasikan jika perusahaan dengan skala kecil maka harga saham lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain dari pada laba per saham dan nilai bukunya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 265, "width": 57, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 290, "width": 183, "height": 111, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Studi ini menemukan bahwa laba per saham berkorelasi dengan relevansi nilai. Investor menggunakan data industri untuk menghitung Laba per saham dan nilai buku ekuitas merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan nilai perusahaan. dimana investor menggunakan data industri untuk menghitung nilai buku ekuitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 404, "width": 183, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Efek positif laba per saham (EPS) pada skor uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan semakin baik. Indikator penting ini membantu investor menentukan profitabilitas perusahaan...", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 480, "width": 183, "height": 98, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Investor tetap percaya bahwa nilai buku ekuitas adalah data yang bermakna, karena nilai buku ekuitas dapat mewakili kekayaan mereka di setiap saham yang mereka miliki. Hal ini karena ketika informasi akuntansi dirilis, harga saham dipengaruhi oleh peningkatan nilai buku ekuitas..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 594, "width": 184, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterbatasan dan rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 619, "width": 184, "height": 124, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil yang lebih baik dapat dimungkinkan untuk membandingkan antar sektor industri dengan variabel kontrol seperti dividen 2. Meningkatkan jumlah sampel yang digunakan untuk membandingkan tren setiap tahun, menyelidiki fenomena terkait nilai dalam informasi akuntansi, dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "258 Media Mahardhika Vol. 21 No. 2 Januari 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 127, "top": 88, "width": 170, "height": 22, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menganalisis perubahan yang lebih kompleks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 126, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 148, "width": 184, "height": 124, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ball, R., and P. Brown., (1968). An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Numbers .” Journal of Accounting Research 6 (Autumm): 159-178 . Beaver, H. 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A., (1995). “Earnings, Book Values, and Dividends in Security Valuation.” Contemporary Accounting", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi…(Bernadetta, Cyrillius) hal. 245-259 259", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 184, "height": 98, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research, Vol. 11, No.2, Spring, 661-687. Ou, J.A. and J.F. Sepe (2002). “Analysts Earnings Forecasts and the Roles of Earnings and Book Value in Equity Valuation.” Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Vol 29, No3-4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 174, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(April/May), pp 287-316. Pinasti, M., (2004). “Faktor-Faktor yang Menjelaskan Variasi Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi: Pengujian Hipotesis Informasi Alternatif.” Simposium Nasional Akuntansi, SNA VII, 2-3 Desember. Puspitaningtyas, Z., (2012). “Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi dan Manfaatnya bagi Investor.”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 365, "top": 151, "width": 148, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekuitas: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, Vol. 16, No. 2, Juni, 164-183.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 187, "width": 400, "height": 88, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmawati (2005). “Relevansi Nilai Informasi Akuntansi dengan Pendekatan Terintegrasi: Hubungan Nonlinier.” Simposium Nasional Akuntansi VIII, Solo, 15-16 Sepetember.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 184, "height": 22, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sapto Rahardjo, Kiat Membangun Aset Kekayaan , Jakarta: PT. Elex", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 303, "width": 184, "height": 136, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media Komputindo, 2006, hlm. 41 Scott, W. R., (2006). Financial Accounting Theory. Toronto, Canada, Penerbit: Prentice Hall International. Subekti, I., (2010). “Earnings Management, Value Relevance of Earnings and Book Value of Equity.” Jurnal Akuntansi & Auditing Indonesia, 213-232.", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 115, "top": 88, "width": 396, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK PETANI DAN PETERNAK DI KELURAHAN TANDEBURA KECAMATAN WATUBANGGA KABUPATEN KOLAKA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 239, "top": 157, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H. Hastuti* dan H. Husnaeni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 179, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 201, "width": 420, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fakultas Pertanian, Perikanan dan Peternakan, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka Jl. Pemuda No. 339 Kolaka, 93517.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 236, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diserahkan tanggal 29 April 2019, disetujui tanggal 1 Mei 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 278, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 457, "height": 276, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelurahan Tandebura merupakan salah satu dari beberapa desa atau kelurahan sentra ternak sapi dan kambing di kecamatan Watubangga Kabupaten Kolaka, dikelilingi areal perkebunan dan pertanian. Selama ini limbah ternak berupa feses dan urine belum termanfaatkan dan relatif dibiarkan begitu saja, sehingga menyebabkan gangguan lingkungan seperti pencemaran bau dan estetika. Limbah ternak tersebut dapat menjadi sumberdaya lokal yang potensial untuk membantu usahatani masyarakat, jika dimanfaatkan atau diolah menjadi pupuk organik sebagai “pengganti” pupuk anorganik yang harganya kian melambung. Oleh karena itu, penanganan limbah perlu dilakukan untuk meminimalisir polusi lingkungan, dan meningkatkan nilai tambah bagi petani/peternak. Kegiatan aplikasi Ipteks ini bertujuan mengembangkan teknologi ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan dan memberdayakan sumber-sumber daya lokal guna meningkatkan produksi serta mereduksi input-input sintetik (anorganik) menjadi input non-sintetic untuk mendukung Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) atau pertanian ramah lingkungan berkelanjutan. Bentuk kegiatan berupa demonstrasi / pelatihan (sekolah lapang terpadu) dan semi-riset untuk mengaplikasikan teknologi proses pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair / padat dan dapat berfungsi alami sebagai Hormon Tumbuh dengan memanfaatkan Limbah Padat dan Cair dan Feses Ternak kambing, dengan tambahan pemberian perlakuan pengganti unsur kimia N,P,K yaitu Sabuk kelapa (Kg) : Batang Pisang (kg) : Azolla (Kg), kotoran kambing, Urine sapi (L), Air 50 L. Untuk melihat konsentrasi mana yang terbaik untuk dijadikan Produk Hasil Olahan UKM. Selain itu juga dipraktekkan cara memproduksi pupuk organik padat dari feses yang telah dikomposkan bersama jerami dan Limbah Organik lain. Produk utama berupa POC maupun POP dikemas sebagai produk UKM dan diberi label “Pupuk Organik petani Tandebura Plus Hormon Tumbuh” (PORTAWA Plus).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 586, "width": 414, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: PORTAWA Plus, Pupuk Organik, feses ternak kambing, POC, POP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 629, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 651, "width": 457, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tandebura Village is one of several villages or urban centers for cattle and goats in Watubangga sub-district, Kolaka Regency, surrounded by plantation and agricultural areas. So far, livestock waste in the form of feces and urine has not been utilized and is relatively left alone, causing environmental disturbances such as odor and aesthetic pollution. The livestock waste can be a potential local resource to help the community farming if it is used or processed into organic fertilizer as a \"substitute\" for inorganic fertilizers whose prices are soaring. Therefore, waste management needs to be done to minimize environmental pollution, and increase added value for farmers. The application of the science and technology application", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 150, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "aims to develop environmentally friendly technologies by utilizing and empowering local resources to increase production and reduce synthetic (inorganic) inputs into non-synthetic inputs to support Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) or sustainable environmentally friendly agriculture. Forms of activities were in the form of demonstration or training (integrated field school) and semi-research to apply liquid / solid organic fertilizer manufacturing technology. It can function naturally as a growth hormone using solid and liquid waste and goat's faeces, with additional treatment to replace chemical elements N, P, K which is Coconut belt (Kg): Banana Stems (kg): Azolla (Kg), Goat manure, Cow Urine (L), Water 50 L. To see which concentration is the best to be used as SME Processed Products. Also, it is also practiced how to produce solid organic fertilizers from composted feces with straw and other organic wastes. The main products in the form of POC and POP are packaged as SME products and are labeled \"Tandebura Organic Fertilizer Farmers plus Growth Hormones\" (PORTAWA Plus).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 247, "width": 378, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: PORTAWA Plus, Organic Fertilizer, feces of goat, POC, POP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 290, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 310, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelurahan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 310, "width": 220, "height": 446, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tandebura terletak di Kecamatan Watubangga merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Kolaka dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 1.790 Jiwa yang terdiri dari 482 Kepala Keluarga (KK). Mata pencaharian utama masyarakatnya adalah petani sawah, petani perkebunan, dan selain itu umumnya memiliki ternak sapi, ternak kambing. Jumlah sapi di wilayah ini berkisar 2.000 ekor (Kecamatan Watu- bangga dalam angka 2016). Salah satu wilayah di Kecamatan Watubangga yang sebagian besar petaninya juga memiliki ternak sapi adalah di Kelurahan Tandebura belum memanfaatkan limbah ternak yang dapat bernilai ekonomi. Setiap rumah tangga sebagian besar memiliki ternak sapi dan kambing yang umumnya telah mereka kandangkan. Selama ini limbah ternak be- rupa feses dan urin belum termanfaatkan dan relatif dibiarkan begitu saja. Padahal limbah tersebut adalah sumberdaya lokal yang potensial untuk membantu usahatani masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 290, "width": 222, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahalnya pupuk buatan pabrik berupa Urea, NPK, dan lain-lain, menjadi kendala dan masalah umum bagi petani. Untuk mendapatkan pupuk buatan pabrik mesti melalui kelompok dan terkadang tidak ada di pasaran. Mengakibatkan petani sering tidak mendapatkan dengan harga wajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 423, "width": 220, "height": 333, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akibatnya adalah menjadikan petani harus berhutang kepada tengkulak dengan harga mahal dan mesti membayar nanti ketika panen. Dilain sisi, limbah yang dihasilkan oleh ternak relatif banyak dan berpotensi menimbulkan polusi. Oleh karena itu, penanganan limbah harus dilakukan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya polusi atau pencemaran lingkungan. Pengelolaan limbah yang dilakukan dengan baik selain dapat mencegah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan juga memberikan nilai tambah terhadap usaha ternak dengan cara “menyulapnya” menjadi pupuk organik cair serta bahan baku pupuk organik padat (kompos). Pembuatan pupuk organik cair dan pupuk kompos yang ramah lingkungan dengan memanfaatkan produk utama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "buangan dari ternak dengan meng- kombinasikannya dengan limbah-limbah pertanian lainnya sehingga didapatkan hasil produk yang sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 222, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penumpukan limbah peternakan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran. Sebagaimana Charles dan Hariono (1991) bahwa menumpuknya dan tidak adanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengolahan dapat menyebabkan lingkungan tidak sehat. Sihombing (2000) dan Soehadji (1992) menyatakan bahwa dengan pengolahan limbah kotoran ternak dapat menjadi solusi dalam penanganan kotoran yang dihasilkan oleh ternak yang sekaligus dapat menambah nilai ekonomi dan keuntungan bagi pemiliknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 264, "width": 166, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODOLOGI PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Waktu dan Lokasi PKM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 220, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PKM ini dilaksanakan selama sepuluh bulan, mulai bulan Januari s/d Oktober 2018 dan dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Tandebura Kec. Watubangga Kab. Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Pelaksanaan PKM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 220, "height": 238, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah upaya mengatasi permasalahan pokok mitra, melalui peningkatan pengetahuan dan kemampuan teknis. Transfer ipteks untuk meningkatkan kemampuan teknis mitra dilakukan melelui pendekatan Praktek belajar dan berbuat (learning by doing). Sekolah Lapang atau pelatihan terpadu dan praktek yang bersifat partisipatif, dibawah supervisi dan diikuti dengan pendampingan oleh pelaksana kegiatan. Keseluruhan kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 258, "width": 220, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Pelatihan (Praktek, SL dan Demonstrasi pada lokasi Demplot),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 296, "width": 220, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Penyuluhan partisipatif (diskusi dan penggalian masalah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 334, "width": 220, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Pembimbingan dan Pendampingan oleh tim pelaksana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 372, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Matriks permasalahan dan proses pemecahan permasalahan utama mitra dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 336, "top": 429, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rencana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 429, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini berupa tahapan kegiatan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 492, "width": 216, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Tahap Persiapan Awal dan Kordinasi pada Mitra (Kelompok Sasaran)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 527, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Base line survey atau survei pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk melihat kesiapan lokasi kegiatan dengan rencana program yang akan dilakukan. Serta mengkoordinasikan dan mengkonsultasi-kan kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan mitra dan pemerintah desa setempat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 279, "width": 408, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Matriks Pemecahan masalah Mitra di Kelurahan Tandebura, kecamatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 293, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Watubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 326, "width": 173, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Persiapan Penyediaan Materi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 351, "width": 220, "height": 275, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap kegiatan ini meliputi persiapan materi-materi yang akan diberikan, dan penyediaan sarana pendukung dalam kegiatan penyuluhan. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman skill dan motivasi kepada kelompok mitra dalam menjalankan usahanya. Hal ini sejalan dengan yang dikemukakan Ridwan, dkk. (2018) bahwa upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat seyogya- nya melibatkan usaha-usaha untuk mening- katkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat sehingga dapat memotivasi partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengelola ketiga leading sektor yang merupakan unggulan di pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 641, "width": 193, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Kegiatan Penyuluhan Partisipatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 660, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan Materi penyuluhan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 698, "width": 216, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pemanfaatan Limbah Ternak untuk pupuk dan Pertanian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 736, "width": 212, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Budidaya Tanaman Padi Semi-Organik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 297, "top": 326, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 345, "width": 199, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Padat dan cair, pestisida alami, dan hormon Tumbuh ( PORTAWA PLUS ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 383, "width": 198, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan penyuluhan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada petani tentang manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik cair, pestisida alami dan hormon tumbuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 477, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Teknologi pembuatan Pupuk Organik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 496, "width": 204, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cair (POC), Pupuk Organik Padat (POP)/KOMPOS, Kegiatan penyuluhan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang bagaimana membuat posidan-ht secara tepat dan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 610, "width": 217, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Teknik aplikasi POP dan POC", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 629, "width": 198, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(PORTAWA PLUS) pada tanaman Padi. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bagaimana menerapkan/mengaplikasi- kan teknologi ini pada tanaman padi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 724, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Tahap Pelatihan / demonstrasi dan praktik pembuatan PORTAWA PLUS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 367, "top": 92, "width": 99, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solusi IPTEKS yang ditawarkan & Metode", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 91, "width": 78, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permasalahan : Proses Manajemen", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 204, "top": 91, "width": 264, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan terhadap masalah yang dihadapi Mitra 1. Pengolahan Feses dan Urin Sapid an kambing menjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 367, "top": 168, "width": 97, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk POC dan POP dengan Nama “ PORTAWA PLUS ” (Pelatihan dan Penyuluhan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 216, "width": 99, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Aplikasi Pupuk Organik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 367, "top": 228, "width": 30, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Demo)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 358, "top": 240, "width": 119, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penyuluhan Terpadu Padi dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 367, "top": 252, "width": 57, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pupuk Organik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 203, "top": 145, "width": 131, "height": 64, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah Ternak menumpuk menimbulkan masalah Lingkungan, sementara dilain pihak kebutuhan Pupuk Organik untuk mereduksi penggunaan Pupuk Kimia Dibutuhkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 146, "width": 75, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketergantungan Pupuk Kimia, dan Permasalahan Limbah Ternak yang Belum Dimanfaatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tim pelaksana memberikan contoh cara pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair dan Pupuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 125, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Organik Padat (PORTAWA PLUS). Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dibantu oleh teknisi dan mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan. Kegiatan praktik di mana peserta secara langsung membuat larutan POC dan Kompos. Pada tahap ini peserta sudah dapat melakukan dengan benar kegiatan pembuatan PORTAWA PLUS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 283, "width": 158, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Tahap Pembimbingan dan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 298, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendampingan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 220, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembimbingan bertujuan untuk mem- bimbing petani dalam aplikasi PORTAWA PLUS pada padi sawah. Proses pendam- pingan kegiatan berlangsung juga dilakukan. Pelaksanaan pendampingan ini difokuskan pada bimbingan dan pendampingan petani dan kelompok tani Mitra, kelompok Petani padi dan peternak sapi yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Tandebura, Kecamatan Watu- bangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 520, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 220, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persiapan Awal dan Koordinasi pada Mitra (Kelompok Sasaran)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan pertama dalam pelaksanaan kegitan kemitraan masyarakat adalah Base line survey atau survei pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk melihat kesiapan lokasi kegiatan dengan rencana program yang akan dilakukan. Serta mengkoordinasikan dan mengkonsultasikan kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan mitra (Gambar 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 87, "width": 223, "height": 523, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melaksanakan pertemuan dengan perwakilan petani dan peternak kambing yang diwakilkan oleh yakni bapak Syaiun Iskandar selaku ketua kelompok petani Suka Maju dalam rangka penyusunan rencana kerja dalam program kemitraan masyarakat. Dalam diskusi pada kelompok diketahui bahwa bayanjnya limbah-limbah pertanian dan peternakan disekitaran mereka belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal baik libah dari ternak maupun dari pertanian mereka. Selama ini mereka hanya membeli pupuk an organic dari supplier atau toko tani, sehingga membutuhkan biaya lebih utnuk proses pemeliharaan dan produksi lahan per- kebunan mereka. Dari hasil diskusi bersama ketua kelompok petani dan peternak Suka Maju bahwa mereka sangat menginginkan bahan-bahan limbah yang ada disekitar merka dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk lahan perkebunan mereka yang berupa pupuk organik (POC dan POP) dan ataupun hormon tumbuh yang memiimalisir biaya pupuk kimia. Memberikan pengeta- huan tambahan tetang bagaimana membuat Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) sebagai bio- aktivator dalam proses pembuatan pupuk organik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 619, "width": 220, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelompok petani dan peternak suka maju kelurahan Tandebura Kecamatan Watu- bangga Kabupaten Kolaka sangat meng- apresiasi kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan karena selama ini limbah kotoran ternak kambing, limbah air kelapa hasil sisa produksi kopra hanya terbuang. Tahap ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dilakukan proses pembinaan terhadap petani berupa peningkatan pengetahuan dan motivasi petani bagaimana memanfaatkan dan menjaga lingkungan sekitar dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perkebunan mereka dari bahan-bahan kimia yang pada dasarnya juga dapat berdampak pada lahan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 285, "width": 167, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Survei dan sosialisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 325, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persiapan Penyediaan Materi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 350, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap kegiatan ini meliputi persiapan materi-materi yang akan diberikan Tim pelaksana pengabdian kepada mitra kelompok masyarakat, dan penyediaan sarana-sarana pendukung dalam kegiatan penyuluhan (Gambar 3). Materi-materi penyuluhan / pelatihan yang akan diberikan berikan berupa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 502, "width": 212, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pembuatan rumah kompos sederhana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 325, "width": 212, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembuatan Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) dari berbagai bahan yang ada di sekitar kelompok mitra.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 301, "top": 382, "width": 213, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 407, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahapan ini pula meliputi kegiatan tim pengabdian melakukan koordinasi kepada ketua / anggota kelompok terkait persiapan kegiatan penyuluhan yang akan dilaksankan bersama seluruh anggota kelompok tani Suka Maju. Semua anggota kelompok sangat antusias dalam proses penyuluhan ini (Gambar 4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 694, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Koordinasi dengan Kelompok Mitra.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 145, "top": 222, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Penyiapan Peralatan kegiatan bersama Kelompok Mitra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 220, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu sarana pendukung dalam kegiatan ini adalah penyediaan unit rumah kompos sederhana yang berfungsi sebagai tempat produksi pupuk organik cair maupun pupuk organik padat. Rumah kompos ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 263, "width": 220, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dibuat di sekitar kandang yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan pengangkutan kotoran ternak yang tersedia di kandang (Gambar 5 & 6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 557, "width": 286, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Proses Pembuatan Rumah Pupuk sederhana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Unit Rumah Pupuk Sederhana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 175, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan Penyuluhan Partisipatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyuluhan partisipatif merupakan pe- nyuluhan yang dilakukan dengan melibatkan partisipasi kelompok mitra PKM (Gambar 7a dan b). Pemberian materi penyuluhan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan antara lain: 1) Pemanfaatan limbah Kelapa dan/tape singkong menjadi Mikroorganisme local (MOL).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 258, "width": 220, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Pemanfaatan Limbah Ternak untuk pupuk dan Pertanian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 296, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Budidaya Tanaman perkebunan (kakao dan tanaman perkebunan lain yang ada di lahan petani).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 353, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 372, "width": 198, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Padat dan cair, pestisida alami, dan hormon Tumbuh (PORTAWA PLUS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 410, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan penyuluhan ini untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 429, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memberikan pengetahuan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 87, "width": 198, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "petani tentang manfaat penggunaan pupuk organik cair, pestisida alami dan hormon tumbuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 144, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5) Teknologi pembuatan Pupuk Organik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 163, "width": 204, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cair (POC), Pupuk Organik Padat (POP)/KOMPOS, Kegiatan penyuluhan ini untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan tentang bagaimana membuat posidan-ht secara tepat dan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 277, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6) Teknik aplikasi POP dan POC (PORTAWA PLUS) pada tanaman perkebunan (Kakao).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 315, "width": 199, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan penyuluhan ini memberikan pengeta- huan dan keterampilan bagaima-na menerapkan / mengaplikasikan tek- nologi ini pada tanaman perkebunan (kakao).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 586, "width": 288, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7a. Pelaksana Pengabdian (Ketua dan Anggota).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 732, "width": 259, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7b. Peserta/Anggota Kelompok Mitra PKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 528, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap Pelatihan / demonstrasi dan praktik pembuatan PORTAWA PLUS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahapan ini, tim pelaksana memberi- kan contoh cara pembuatan decomposer alami, yakni Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL). Adapun tujuan pembuatan MOL ini adalah sebagai subtitusi/penganti EM4 yang biasa- nya digunakan dalam proses pembuatan pupuk organik yang banyak dijual di pasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 87, "width": 223, "height": 143, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan MOL ini sangat mudah didapatkan di sekitar kelompok mitra PKM. Bahanya dapat berupa berbagai sisa hasil pertanian (air kelapa, bonggol pisang), limbah rumah tangga (air cucian beras), dan atau ekstrak tape singkong/tape beras (Gambar 8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 424, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL) berbahan dasar tape Ubi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fungsi MOL ini sebagai decomposer / pengurai bahan-bahan dalam proses pem- buatan Pupuk Organik Cair (PORTAWA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 464, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PLUS). Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dibantu oleh teknisi dan mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam kegiatan (Gambar 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 682, "width": 382, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) (b) (c) (d)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 155, "top": 708, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Proses Pembuatan POC dalam jumlah volume kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 190, "top": 209, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 10. Proses Fermentasi POC.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 224, "height": 237, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada proses pembuatan POC dalam skala kecil ini, proses fermentasi ini berlangsung selama 7-10 hari (Gambar 10). Selama proses fermentasi tidak perlu membuka penutup botol untuk mengeluar- kan gas yang terbentuk. Hal ini sudah terjadi proses perpindahahan gas melalui selang yang berfunsi sebagai media transport gas ke botol yang kosong. Adapun pengamatan visual yang terjadi adalah bahwa selama proses fermentasi aktivitas bakteri sangat aktif dengan memperlihatkan munculnya warna putih pada bagian permukaan cairan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 236, "width": 220, "height": 143, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah mencapai hari kesepuluh, POC siap digunakan dan dikemas. Tanda-tanda keberhasilan dari POC ini adalah dengan bau yang dihasilkan adalah berbau tape, sedang-kan jika tidak berhasil maka bau yang dihasilkan adalah berbau busuk. POC yang dihasilkan dianggap berhasil karena meng-hasilkan aroma tape.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 387, "width": 220, "height": 105, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan praktik di harapkan peserta secara langsung mem-buat larutan POC dan Kompos. Pada tahap ini peserta sudah dapat melakukan dengan benar kegiatan pembuatan PORTAWA PLUS (Gambar 11 dan 12).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 740, "width": 420, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Proses Pembuatan POC dalam Jumlah Volume Besar.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 142, "top": 610, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persiapan Bahan dan Alat", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 340, "top": 610, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penimbangan Bahan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 200, "top": 717, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencampuran Bahan-bahan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 371, "top": 717, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengadukan Bahan-bahan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 219, "top": 203, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 12. Proses Fermentasi POC.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 220, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Edukasi Manajemen Usaha Kelompok Mitra", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 220, "height": 256, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari program pemberdayaan masyarakat petani dan peternak adalah mengembangakn kelompok mitra petani peternak untuk mengembangkan kelembagaan petani dimana petani di ajarkan dan dibina untuk bisa lebih mandiri melalui penguatan kelembagaan petani. Tujuan pembentukan Gapoktan adalah agar kelompok tani lebih berdaya saing dan berdayaguna dalam penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian, permodalan, peningkatan atau perluasan usaha tani ke sektor hulu dan hilir, pemasaran serta kerja sama dalam peningkatan posisi tawar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 244, "width": 220, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 2007). Haring, dkk. (2017) menyatakan bahwa memberdayakan kelompok tani dan warga lainnya dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan cara pembuatan pupuk organik, dan cara aplikasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 377, "width": 220, "height": 123, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan diskusi senantiasa dilaksanakan antara tim pengabdian dengan kelompok mitra. Bagaimana produk yang dihasilkan dapat bernilai ekonomi dengan brand/merek yang ada sesuai dengan daerah asal kelompok petani peternak “Suka Maju” (Gambar 13).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 729, "width": 407, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 13. Bersama Tim Pelaksana, Tenaga Lapangan, dan Ketua serta Anggota Kelompok Petani Peternak Suka Maju Kel. Tandebura Kec. Watubangga.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 37, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hastuti dan Husnaeni: PKM Kelompok Petani dan Peternak di Kelurahan Tandebura KecamatanWatubangga Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap Pembimbingan dan Pendampingan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 220, "height": 181, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembimbingan bertujuan untuk mem- bimbing petani dalam aplikasi PORTAWA PLUS pada padi sawah. Proses pendam- pingan kegiatan berlangsung juga dilakukan. Pelaksanaan pendampingan ini difokuskan pada bimbingan dan pendampingan petani dan kelompok tani Mitra, kelompok Petani kakao dan tanaman lainnya dan peternak kambing/sapi yang berdomisili di Kelurahan Tandebura, Kecamatan Watubangga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 296, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Kolaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 321, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk Pupuk Organik cair (POC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 340, "width": 220, "height": 219, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pupuk organik yang dihasilkan dalam Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini (PKM) berupa Pupuk organik cair asal kotoran ternak. Guna menambah nilai ekonomi, salah satu hal yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pelaksana adalah dengan melakukan analisis unsur hara yang terkandung dalam produk POC tersebut. Tujuan dari analisis unsur hara ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa persen unsur kandungan Nitrogen (N), Pospor (P), dan Kalium (K) yang terkandung dalam pupuk organik PORTAWA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 568, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PLUS (Pupuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 161, "top": 568, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Organik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 568, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tandebura Watubangga PLUS).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 136, "top": 617, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 220, "height": 87, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Banyaknya limbah ternak dapat me- nyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan disekitar pemukiman warga, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah ternak agar lebih termanfaatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 85, "width": 220, "height": 107, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Mahalnya pupuk komersil (anorganik) yang beredar dipasaran perlu dilakukan tindakan penurunan ketergantungan petani peternak terhadap penggunaan pestisida dan fungisida kimiawi pada lahan perkebunan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 199, "width": 220, "height": 88, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Edukasi petani peternak perlu dilakukan dengan memberikan pe-nyuluhan dan pelatihan pembuatan MOL, POC dan POD berbahan alami yang murah dan mudah di buat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 294, "width": 220, "height": 69, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Kurangnya profesionalitas dan komit-men petani terhadap pengolahan limbah ternak dan pemanfaatan limbah perkebunan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 370, "width": 220, "height": 88, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "• Mitra perlu memahami dan mengadopsi proses fermentasi yang mampu diadopsi individu petani dengan tek-nologi yang sederhana dan biaya yang jauh lebih murah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 479, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 294, "top": 504, "width": 220, "height": 161, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengabdi (Tim Dosen) mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi atas dukungan yang diberikan kepada tim pelaksana berupa bantuan dana pengabdian yang menunjang berlangsungnya pengab- dian masyarakat ini dengan baik dan kepada Universitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 655, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sembilanbelas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 294, "top": 655, "width": 220, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "November Kolaka yang memfasilitasi penulis dalam hibah pengabdian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 462, "top": 37, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2460-8173", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 2 Mei 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 462, "top": 49, "width": 77, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2528-3219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 143, "top": 87, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 220, "height": 40, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BPS Kabupaten Kolaka. 2016. Kabupaten Kolaka Dalam Angka 2016. BPS, Kolaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Charles, RT dan Hariono, B. 1991.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 177, "width": 191, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencemaran Lingkungan oleh Limbah Peternakan dan Pengelolaannya. Bull. FKH-UGM Vol. X:2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haring, F., Rinaldi, S., Amirullah, D.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 195, "height": 170, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mufidah, Jamila, dan Hari, I. 2017. Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Dan Pemanfaatannya Pada Budidaya Tanaman Hortikultura Di Pekarangan Di Desa Bina Baru, Kecamatan Kulo, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang. Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian, Vol: 2, No: 2, Hal. 170-179. Tanggal akses: 20 Desember 2018. http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jdp /article/view/2160", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 225, "height": 98, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia, 2007. Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 273/Kpts/OT. 160/4/2007. Tentang pedoman Pembinaan Kelembagaan Petani. Lampiran 1. Pedoman penumbuhan dan pengembangan kelompok tani dan gabungan kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tani Departemen Pertanian. 34p", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ridwan, I., Amir, Y., dan Budiman. 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 198, "height": 83, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberdayaan Petani dan Peternak Di Kecamatan Duapitue Kabupaten Sidrap dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lokal. Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian, Vol: 4, No: 1, Hal. 90-102. Tanggal akses: 4 Maret 2019.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 220, "height": 88, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jdp /article/view/5286/2856 Sihombing, D.T.H. 2000. Teknik Pengolahan Limbah Kegiatan/Usaha Peternakan. Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup Lembaga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 87, "width": 220, "height": 104, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Soehadji. 1992. Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Industri Peternakan dan Penanganan Limbah Peternakan. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta.", "type": "Table" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perancangan Aktuator Pneumatik Lunak dengan Metode Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Menggunakan Mesin 3D Printer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 114, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ilham Saputra 1 , Firman Alhaffis 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 125, "width": 478, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 137, "width": 220, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. 123, Section 3, Daxue Rd, Douliu City, Yunlin County, Taiwan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 146, "width": 213, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 158, "width": 283, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jalan Bathin Alam, Desa Sungai Alam, Kecamatan Bengkalis, Provinsi Riau, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 191, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 214, "width": 417, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One area of robotics focused on in many countries today is soft robotics. Soft robotics has great potential to drive and become new manipulators in industrial and medical applications. In intelligent advanced control systems, due to the highly nonlinear and time-varying physical characteristics of air pressure, it is difficult to adjust the pneumatic actuator for precise motion control. However, developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan have succeeded in developing several soft pneumatic actuators. Applications of soft actuators can be widely used in medical surgery, nursing, rehabilitation engineering, industry and biomedical fields. However, the disadvantages are that the structure is complex and relatively expensive, and a related research topic is currently addressing the dynamic behavior modes of one-dimensional liberation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 317, "width": 417, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, we propose the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method in 3D printing for the design of a soft actuator that can be controlled using a pneumatic system. This study used TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) filaments which are thermoplastic elastomer materials. This filament has a low Shore rate, making it easy to bend, soft and flexible. The results of this study are that the process of printing soft actuators based on a pneumatic system can be created using a 3D printing machine. The soft actuator has the shape of a human finger. The maximum pressure from the actuator to produce a 90°- degree bend is 400 KPa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 409, "width": 398, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: fused deposition modeling (FDM); soft pneumatic actuators; soft robotics; 3d printing,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 432, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 455, "width": 417, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu bidang robotika yang menjadi fokus dibanyak negara saat ini adalah robotika lunak. Robotika lunak memiliki potensi besar untuk menggerakkan dan menjadi manipulator baru dalam aplikasi industri dan medis. Dalam sistem kontrol canggih yang cerdas, karena karakteristik fisik tekanan udara yang sangat nonlinier dan bervariasi waktu, sulit untuk menyesuaikan aktuator pneumatik untuk kontrol gerakan yang tepat. Namun, negara-negara maju seperti Eropa, Amerika dan Jepang telah berhasil mengembangkan sejumlah aktuator pneumatik lunak. Pengaplikasian aktuator lunak dapat digunakan secara luas di bidang operasi medis, keperawatan, teknik rehabilitasi, industri dan biomedis. Namun kerugiannya adalah strukturnya kompleks dan relatif mahal, dan topik penelitian terkait saat ini membahas mode perilaku dinamis dari kebebasan satu dimensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 559, "width": 417, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini kami mengusulkan metode Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) dalam pencetakan 3D untuk perancangan sebuah aktuator lunak yang dapat dikontrol menggunakan sistem pneumatik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 582, "width": 417, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan filamen TPU ( thermoplastic polyurethane ) yang merupakan material elastomer termoplastik. Filamen ini memiliki tingkat Shore rendah, sehingga mudah ditekuk, lembut dan fleksibel. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu proses pencetakan aktuator lunak berbasis sistem pneumatic dapat dilakukan menggunakan mesin 3D Printing. Aktuator lunak memiliki bentuk seperti jari manusia. Tekanan maksimum dari aktuator untuk menghasilkan tekukan 90° adalah 400 KPa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 651, "width": 415, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: aktuator pneumatik lunak; fused deposition modelling (FDM); robotika lunak; 3d printing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 674, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 685, "width": 484, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Robotika lunak menekankan penggunaan bahan lunak dan fleksibel dalam aplikasi robotika daripada sambungan keras kaku yang ditemukan pada robot tradisional. Peningkatan derajat kebebasan dimungkinkan dengan bahan lunak. Robotika lunak menawarkan berbagai aplikasi, termasuk bio-robotika, robotika medis, robotika industri, dan robot ruang angkasa [1]–[3]. Tujuan utama robot lunak adalah untuk menghasilkan robot yang cocok dengan tujuan dan meniru gerakan alami saat dikendalikan sepenuhnya oleh komputer atau manusia [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 743, "width": 484, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Robotika lunak semakin populer di berbagai industri karena keunggulannya yang berbeda. Robot lunak lebih fleksibel dan mampu memanipulasi objek kecil atau rapuh daripada robot kaku biasa. Bahan lunak, di sisi lain, dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 484, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bertindak sebagai penyerap atau penyangga selama kecelakaan, membuat interaksi manusia dengan robot lunak menjadi lebih aman. Robot lunak juga dapat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang menantang seperti menekuk, mengeriting, dan memutar yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh robot kaku karena tingkat kebebasannya yang terbatas [5]. Robot lunak semakin populer di bidang medis dan manufaktur dalam beberapa tahun terakhir sebagai hasil dari keunggulan yang berbeda daripada robot tradisional [6].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 484, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu komponen yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian robotika lunak adalah aktuator. Aktuator pneumatik lunak telah menarik perhatian para peneliti dan institusi di seluruh dunia sebagai cabang penting dalam bidang robotika lunak karena potensi nilai aplikasinya di berbagai bidang. Dalam situasi tertentu, ini dapat digunakan sebagai alat bedah untuk menggenggam atau memanipulasi benda dari sebuah gripper [7], [8]. Orang yang tidak dapat melakukan tugas dengan tangan mereka dapat menggunakan gripper robot lunak pneumatik untuk membantu mereka. Gambar 1. menggambarkan kemampuan robot lunak untuk menahan berbagai hal, termasuk gelas, bola lampu dan buah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 393, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Eksperimen penggenggaman robot lunak [8]", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 428, "width": 484, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Australia Hu et al. [9] melakukan optimasi desain dari sebuah aktuator lunak menggunakan metode finite element modelling. Efek dari berbagai parameter aktuator dipelajari untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kinerja aktuasi untuk aktuator pneumatik yang akan digunakan untuk aplikasi robot lunak. Dengan menggunakan model struktur statis yang dikembangkan untuk aktuator jaringan pneumatik, parameter desain kritis dievaluasi secara numerik, termasuk efek tekanan input, ketebalan dinding, ketebalan lapisan bawah, jarak antara ruang berurutan, dan bentuk penampang saluran pada saluran deformasi aktuator. Pada gambar 2. Ditunjukkan metode fabrikasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan dengan memanfaatkan sistem cetakan yang dihasilkan menggunakan mesin 3d printer dan menuangkan cairan untuk menghasilkan aktuator lembut. Ketelitian yang tinggi dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini dalam upaya menghasilkan desain yang optimal dan juga tingkat campuran dari cairan yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan kelenturan aktuator yang diinginkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 686, "width": 358, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Fabrikasi aktuator lunak (a) Cetakan 3D Print dan (b) Hasil cetak aktuator [9]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 709, "width": 484, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini kami megusulkan sebuah metode FDM untuk menghasilkan aktuator berkekuatan tinggi dengan proses pencetakan menggunakan material TPU ( thermoplastic polyurethane) yang dapat menahan tekanan sebesar ≥ 400 KPa. Metode FDM dapat menghemat waktu dan juga menghasilkan kualitas cetak yang lebih baik jika dilihat dari aspek ketelitian dan kecepatan fabrikasi aktuator. Aktuator yang dicetak pada penelitian berikut terdiri dari 16 ruangan ekspansi yang berbentuk jari. Aktuator yang dihasilkan dapat dengan aman menahan muatan tekanan 4 kg", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 484, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada tekanan input 400 KPa. Metode dan rancangan aktuator pneumatik lunak akan disajikan pada Bagian 2, dilanjutkan dengan proses fabrikasi pada Bagian 3. Hasil percobaan pada gripper buatan akan disajikan pada Bagian 4, dengan kesimpulan pada Bagian 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Material dan metode penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 484, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam fabrikasi adalah dengan pelapisan model fusi pada aktuator dengan mesin 3D printer, aktuator yang dapat dicetak menggunakan material filamen flexible TPU sebagai langkah pendekatan dalam model robotika lunak yang memiliki sifat fleksibilitas yang tinggi. Sistem yang diaplikasikan dalam upaya control aktuator lunak yang dirancang adalah menggunakan pneumatik. Sistem pneumatik memiliki kecepatan yang tinggi, murah dan sederhana dalam perawatan sehingga dinilai mencakup nilai efisiensi dalam sebuah hubungan antara mesin dan robot dalam pengembangan lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Desain aktuator lunak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 223, "width": 484, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Polygerinos et al. [10] Aktuator pneumatik dibuat menggunakan proses pencetakan injeksi menggunakan resin silikon. Penampang persegi berongga Pneumatik dibagi secara lateral oleh ruang di antara setiap sel, yang dihubungkan secara pneumatik oleh saluran pusat. Dengan memberi tekanan pada sejumlah tabung dan ruang tertanam di dalam elastomer, karakteristik tekukan aktuator dimungkinkan. Ruang dan saluran interior ini mengembang di bawah tekanan, menghasilkan gerakan pembengkokan dan ekspansi. Area yang paling sesuai dengan area pneumatik adalah area yang menunjukkan fenomena ekspansi [11]. Studi ini mengeksplorasi penerapan desain yang dijelaskan untuk pembuatan aditif bahan elastomer. Untuk menilai potensi dan kendala aktuator pneumatik lunak yang dibuat secara FDM, aktuator dihubungkan ke pengaturan uji laboratorium. Dari desain model yang dihasilkan, aktuator Pneumatik dijelaskan oleh desain yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 649, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Desain aktuator pneumatik lunak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 484, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variasi desain telah diproduksi di sebuah proses iteratif. Desain yang dipilih memiliki 16 ruangan ekspansi yang menghasilkan tekukan yang dapat memungkinkan aktuator melakukan tekukan sebesar 360 derajat. Desain pada gambar 3. Menampilkan masing-masing ruangan memiliki diameter 8mm, dengan ketebalan dinding dari masing- masing area 1.8mm pada landasan dan 0.8 dari ruang ekspansi. Selanjutnya lebar aktuator dirancang lebih lebar 15mm dan memiliki bentuk oval. Lapisan dasar pada aktuator menghasilkan tekanan langsung yang lebih besar dibanding dari masing-masing ruangan sehingga perlu diperhatikan kualitas cetak pada lapisan dasar dan terkadang perlu menambahkan ketebalannya. Namun, ketebalan pada dinding dasar mempengaruhi dari hasil tekukan aktuator yang semakin kecil dengan muatan yang sama. Sehingga, desian perlu diperhatikan secara terperinci sebelum proses cetak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 484, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada mesin 3d printer. Selain itu, jenis material filamen yang digunakan dalam proses fabrikasi mempengaruhi kualitas lentur, sehingga filamen yang terlalu lembut juga akan menghasilkan kekuatan yang minim dan sebaliknya material yang terlalu keras akan menghasilkan aktuator yang kaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 152, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Analisis metode element hingga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 484, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam upaya memvalidasi desain yang ditetapkan pada bab-bab sebelumnya, pendekatan metode elemen hingga digunakan. Simulasi tekukan nonlinier dibangun untuk membantu dengan harapan untuk pengujian eksperimental dan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang kemampuan virtual aktuator cetak 3D. Untuk memeriksa bagaimana aktuator menekuk ketika terkena tekanan udara konstan dan karakteristik hiperelastik bahan silikon, simulasi Finite Element Method (FEM) telah dilakukan. Gerakan tekanan vs. perpindahan yang terkait dengan titik referensi pada komponen adalah hasil yang diantisipasi dari model simulasi ini. Tujuan dari model ini adalah untuk membandingkan pergerakan ruangan ekspansi pada aktuator yang dibuat secara FDM dan untuk memperkirakan potensi kesalahan. Model elemen hingga dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) Ansys Mechanical 2020 R1 di bawah simulasi standar/implisit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 484, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan silikon diterapkan pada komponen aktuator, yang dipandang sebagai sebuah kontinum. Karena hiperelastisitas material, deformasi bentuk yang panjang, kontak permukaan, dan pengaruh gravitasi diantisipasi. Semua elemen ini telah dimasukkan ke dalam model elemen hingga, dan perhitungan fenomena tekukan dua langkah telah dilakukan. Dalam proses meshing pada aktuator dihasilkan tetrahedron kuadratik 0.002m ukuran elemen dengan tekanan konstan. Sisi aktuator yang berhubungan dengan adaptor telah menetapkan kondisi batas. Tekanan statis dikirim secara ortogonal ke semua permukaan ruang internal dan saluran menggunakan model kontinum tertutup. Seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 2, langkah ini menghasilkan satu set koordinat referensi awal dari mana langkah tekanan dihasilkan, mulai dari 0 KPa hingga 400 KPa dengan gravitasi yang disebarkan ke seluruh model. Kontak diri, pendekatan permukaan ke permukaan tanpa gesekan digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi interaksi kontak antara dinding luar setiap ruang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 498, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 467, "top": 498, "width": 14, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 75, "top": 545, "width": 476, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Hasil simulasi elemen hingga untuk aktuator, berdasarkan mode bahan hiperelastik YEOH . (a) Perpindahan awal di bawah pengaruh gravitasi. (b) Hasil deformasi pada tekanan udara 400 KPa di dalam ruangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 579, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pengaturan parameter cetak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 591, "width": 484, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam proses fabrikasi aktuator perlu diperhatikan karakteristik dari parameter printer yang diperlukan dan disesuaikan untuk menghasilkan kualitas yang baik. Proses cetak yang digunakan harus memperhatikan ketebalan dari masing-masing dinding tanpa ada kebocoran sehingga proes aktuasi pada aktuator dapat berjalan. Pada tahapan ini mesin 3D printer Infinity3DP X12-Plus V2 digunakan sebagai mesin cetak dengan menggunakan beberapa konfigurasi seperti penggunaan nozel bersuhu tinggi berdiameter 0.4 mm. Adapun parameter pada proses cetak dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 671, "width": 431, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Parameter mesin pada proses cetak Printer Setting Layer height (mm) 0.2 Print speed (mm/s) 60 Initial layer height (mm) 0.3 Initial layer speed (mm/s) 30 Wall thickness 0.8 Printing temperature (°C) 230 Fill density (%) 100 Build plate temperature (°C) 60 Infill overlap (%) 10 Support on build plate only Brim No", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 484, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model CAD yang dibuat dengan Solidworks 2022 diekspor dalam file stl. menggunakan perangkat lunak pemodel 3D parametrik Ultimaker Cura . Dalam proses menterjemahkan aktuator 3D menjadi pemotongan-pemotongan irisan untuk dapat diproses menjadi G-Code dihasilkan tahapan pembuatan dalam satu aktuator selama 2 jam 28 menit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Proses Fabrikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 484, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari proses cetak aktuator lunak ditunjukkan pada gambar 6. Sebelum proses akhir pencetakan, prototipe dilakukan untuk melakukan evaluasi terhadap parameter yang digunakan dapat dengan maksimal. Prorotipe berbentuk 2-3 ruangan ekspansi yang dapat dilakukan aktuasi terhadap muatan angin. Selanjutnya tingkat kebocoran dari protipe dianalisa dengan memanfaatkan media air sebagai pendeteksi kebocoran udara pada prototipe. Desain prototipe dapat dilihat pada gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 361, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Prototipe ruangan ekspansi. Kiri: Desain prototipe. Kanan: Hasil prototipe", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 484, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil percobaan pembuatan prototipe didapatkan parameter yang digunakan diatas yang telah dilakukan penyesuaian dari penelitian sebelumnya. Tujuan dari pengaturan laboratorium selanjutnya dilakukan, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Gambar 6, adalah untuk menilai deformasi posisi (a) aktuator pneumatik lunak sebagai respons terhadap tekanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 564, "width": 324, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. (1). Aktuator (2). Konektor pneumatik (3). Selang pneumatik", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 205, "top": 760, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Proses percobaan hasil akhir aktuator", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 186, "top": 460, "width": 137, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 2 3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 484, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konfigurasi ini, perpindahan ujung depan diukur antara 0 dan 400 KPa. Konfigurasi ini sesuai dengan platform evaluasi yang disarankan [12]. Selang yang berukuran 3mm dipasangkan pada aktuator untuk menghubungkan aktuator dengan muatan melalui katup pneumatik tekan satu arah. Tekanan p dinaikkan perlahan dan diukur secara bertahap setiap 100 KPa seperti yang ditunjukkan pada gambar 9. Dari hasil eksperimen yang dilakukan aktuator pneumatik lunak dapat melakukan tekukan hingga 90 derajat seperti yang ditunjukkan pada gambar 8 sesuai yang ditunjukan pada simulasi di perangkat lunak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 300, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 362, "top": 300, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) (c)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 327, "width": 259, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Simulasi. (a) 0 KPa. (b) 200 KPa. (c) 400 KPa.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 170, "top": 484, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 291, "top": 484, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) (c)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 80, "top": 510, "width": 466, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Percobaan ekspansi pada hasil aktuator. (a) 0 KPa = 0°, (b) 200 KPa = 45°, (c) 400 KPa = 90°", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 540, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parameter yang di cetak pada aktuator telah mengalami hasil yang lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan hasil dari penelitian pada pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Manns, M. dkk [12]. Pada aktuator pneumatik lunak yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan aktuator dapat menahan muatan sebesar ≥400 KPa, hal ini disimpulkan kekuatan aktuator yang dihasilkan jauh lebih besar jika dibandingkan pada model [12] yang hanya menahan muatan 100 KPa untuk menghasilkan tekukan sebesar 90 derajat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 484, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam beberapa kondisi hasil cetak suhu ruangan juga mempengaruhi hasil dari fabrikasi. Sehingga untuk memastikan proses muatan dapat diterima oleh aktuator terkadang perlu ditambahkan lem yang bersifat melapiskan pada permukaan dari setiap ruangan ekspansi. Ketebalan dinding sebesar 0.8 mm pada ruangan perlu diperhatikan dengan penyesuaain dari diamaeter nozel pada mesin 3d printer. Karena jika kelipatan pada dinding diharapkan kelipatan dari ukuran nozel. Pada kondisi ini digunakan ketebalan dinding 2x0.4 mm (diameter printer nozel). Dari hasil percobaan yang kami lakukan saat melakukan proses fabrikasi dengan ketebalan 3x0.4mm (1.2 mm) didapatkan kebocoran yang terjadi dari ruangan eskpansi minim terjadi. Namun tekukan yang dihasilkan dari aktuator akan terjadi pengurangan yang signifikan. Sehingga dalam penelitian kami memutskan ketebalan dinding pada ruangan ekspansi sebesar 0.8mm dan ketebalan pada dasar dari aktuator 1.8 mm. Gambar 10 menunjukkan plot x-y dari ujung aktuator pada tingkat tekanan yang berbeda berkisar hingga tekanan bagian dalam p dari 55 KPa dibandingkan dengan studi sebelumnya dari Manns, M. dkk [12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 91, "width": 435, "height": 196, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 x (mm) y ( mm ) Eksperiment dari Manns, M. dkk [12] Simulasi FE penelitian Eksperimen penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 139, "top": 296, "width": 347, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Grafik posisi aktuator selama proses muatan diberikan mulai 0 – 400 KPa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 319, "width": 485, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi yang dapat dilihat dari eksperimen Manns, M. dkk [12] bahwa aktuator berbahan TPU dapat dengan kaku sebelum mengalami muatan. Kurva menunjukan posisi awal aktuator pada penelitian tidak berpengaruh banyak terhadap gaya gravitasi. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh tingkar shore hardness pada filamen yang digunakan. Aktuator akan membentuk tekukan 90 derajat dan akan terus menekuk Ketika diberikan buatan lebih dari 400 KPa. Dengan pengecualian offset awal, simulasi FE dari aktuator secara akurat dapat menangkap bentuk perpindahan percobaan dari hasil cetak. Selanjutnya, pada titik terbesar dari kurva perpindahan diperlihatkan bahka pada simulasi dengan tekanan maksimum memberikan posisi yang lebih besar, namun pada eksperimen didapatkan perbedaan kondisi. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh kualitas cetak dari aktuator yang dipengaruhi dari reaksi perlakuan panas dari perubahan bentuk filamen. Muatan yang diberikan pada percobaan Manns yaitu sebesar 55 KPa pada kondisi maksimum, aktuator pneumatik lunak yang diuji dalam penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan radius lebih besar sehingga posisi maksimum pada kondisi titik koordinat -90,-25 dengan muatan maksimum yang dapat diberikan sebesar 400 KPa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 484, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurva perpindahan serupa telah dicapai oleh aktuator yang difabrikasi langsung oleh 3d printer dibandingkan dengan studi Manns, M. dkk [12] (lihat Gambar 10). Perpindahan aktuator yang diaktuasi tidak terpengaruh secara signifikan oleh modifikasi desain yang sesuai dengan proses produksi. Dinding yang tiga kali lebih tipis dari [12] memberikan perubahan nyata ketika tingkat tekanan diperhitungkan. Simulasi numerik perpindahan aktuator dari pengujian fisik telah menghasilkan tekukan yang memuaskan. Pergeseran antara simulasi dan eksperimen masih tidak selaras. Karena beberapa bahan pendukung masih ada di rongga aktuator yang dibuat secara aditif, dihipotesiskan bahwa ini adalah hasil dari perbedaan massa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 526, "width": 484, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurva perpindahan masing-masing (eksperimen dan simulasi) diimbangi dengan cara konsentris (gambar 10). Penjelasan yang mungkin adalah bahwa material yang disimulasikan lebih kaku daripada yang diproduksi oleh filamen yang lebih lunak. Dengan demikian, disarankan untuk menggunakan pemodelan material yang lebih canggih daripada model YEOH hiperelastik yang digunakan dalam simulasi ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 595, "width": 484, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, aktuator yang dibuat dengan filamen TPU dan dibuat secara aditif dibandingkan. Aktuator dalam penelitian ini nantinya dapat digunakan dalam gripper robot lunak, yang memiliki manfaat baik untuk aplikasi ke berbagai objek melalui adaptasi bentuk dan keamanan interaksi manusia dan robot fisik. Aktuator pneumatik lunak berbasis silikon yang dicetak 3D telah didemonstrasikan. Distorsi geometrisnya menyerupai aktuator yang dilemparkan secara tradisional. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan penting terpenuhi memungkinkan aktuator yang dibuat secara aditif berfungsi sebagai pengganti cetakan tradisional, dan juga dengan menggunakan material yang memiliki kekuatan yang tinggi ketebalan dinding dapat dikurangi secara signifikan tiga kali lebih tipis [12]. Karena banyaknya variasi geometri alternatif yang dapat dicetak 3D dalam waktu yang lebih singkat daripada yang diizinkan oleh pengecoran manual saat ini, potensi ini dapat menghadirkan peluang untuk merampingkan eksplorasi di masa mendatang. Namun, potensi ini mungkin dibatasi oleh batasan material fiament saat ini yang dihasilkan kekuatan yang lebih namun potensi kebocoran karena rongga yang terdapat pada aktuator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 722, "width": 484, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Material filamen yang terdapat dipasaran dengan kekuatan shore hardness tertentu telah diaplikasikan dan didemonstrasikan dalam penelitian ini untuk fabrikasi aktuator pneumatik lunak. Simulasi elemen hingga dilakukan dalam upaya mencari sifat mekanik material dengan pemanfaatan sistem komputasi. Simulasi menunjukkan terjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 242, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, I., dkk./ ROTASI, Vol. 25 No. 1 (Januari 2023) Hal. 1-8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 789, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8|ROTASI", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 484, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyimpangan kurang dari 5% dari dari hasil eksperimental. Studi dilanjutkan pada aktuator dalam upaya menjaga kualitas aktuator yang diproduksi dengan menggunakan geometri beragam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 484, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam fabrikasi aktuator pneumatik lunak menggunakan metode FDM pada mesin 3D Printer disarankan untuk menggunakan pendekatan peningkatan iterative untuk mengembangakan desain aktuator yang semirip mungkin dengan bentuk dari ruang ekspansi seperti jari manusia. Pengembangan lebih lanjut bagaimanapun dalam geometri aktuator lunak dilakukan dengan sistem trial and error yang melibatkan simulasi dan evaluasi dari setiap geometri yang dihasilkan. Bahkan dengan beberaka geometri sederhana dengan melakukan studi pada parameter bentuk dari aktuator, hasil aktuator yang diinginkan dapat dicapai. Sehingga fabrikasi aktuator lunak masih menghadirkan tantangan bagi banyak peneliti dari robotika lunak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 65, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 209, "width": 476, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] G. Andrikopoulos, G. Nikolakopoulos, and S. Manesis, “A Survey on applications of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles,” in 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED) , Corfu, Greece, Jun. 2011, pp. 1439–1446. doi: 10.1109/MED.2011.5982983.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 246, "width": 480, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] K. J. Kim and S. Tadokoro, Eds., Electroactive polymers for robotic applications: artificial muscles and sensors . London: Springer, 2007.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 481, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] C.-Y. Cheng, J.-C. Renn, I. Saputra, and C.-E. Shi, “Smart Grasping of a Soft Robotic Gripper Using NI Vision Builder Automated Inspection Based on LabVIEW Program,” Int. J. Mech. Eng. Robot. Res. , pp. 737–744, 2022, doi: 10.18178/ijmerr.11.10.737-744.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 477, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] J. Nagase, S. Wakimoto, T. Satoh, N. Saga, and K. Suzumori, “Design of a variable-stiffness robotic hand using pneumatic soft rubber actuators,” Smart Mater. Struct. , vol. 20, no. 10, p. 105015, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1088/0964- 1726/20/10/105015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 471, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] H. K. Yap, H. Y. Ng, and C.-H. Yeow, “High-Force Soft Printable Pneumatics for Soft Robotic Applications,” Soft Robot. , vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 144–158, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.1089/soro.2016.0030.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 359, "width": 474, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] B. Mosadegh et al. , “Pneumatic Networks for Soft Robotics that Actuate Rapidly,” Adv. Funct. Mater. , vol. 24, no. 15, pp. 2163–2170, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201303288.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 459, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] R. B. N. Scharff, E. L. Doubrovski, W. A. Poelman, P. P. Jonker, C. C. L. Wang, and J. M. P. Geraedts, “Towards Behavior Design of a 3D-Printed Soft Robotic Hand,” in Soft Robotics: Trends, Applications and Challenges , vol. 17, C. Laschi, J. Rossiter, F. Iida, M. Cianchetti, and L. Margheri, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 23–29. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-46460-2_4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 468, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] D. Rus and M. T. Tolley, “Design, fabrication and control of soft robots,” Nature , vol. 521, no. 7553, pp. 467– 475, May 2015, doi: 10.1038/nature14543.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] W. Hu, R. Mutlu, W. Li, and G. Alici, “A Structural Optimisation Method for a Soft Pneumatic Actuator,” Robotics , vol. 7, no. 2, p. 24, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.3390/robotics7020024.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 416, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] P. Polygerinos et al. , Towards a soft pneumatic glove for hand rehabilitation . 2013, p. 1517. doi: 10.1109/IROS.2013.6696549.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 464, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] R. V. Martinez et al. , “Robotic tentacles with three-dimensional mobility based on flexible elastomers,” Adv. Mater. Deerfield Beach Fla , vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 205–212, Jan. 2013, doi: 10.1002/adma.201203002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 522, "width": 443, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] M. Manns, J. Morales, and P. Frohn, “Additive manufacturing of silicon based PneuNets as soft robotic actuators”.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 933 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 89, "width": 441, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Ekstraksi Fitur Tekstur Pada Hasil Klastering Data Citra Buah Menggunakan Metode K-Means Cluster", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 132, "width": 243, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Veronica Lusiana, Imam Husni Al Amin, Budi Hartono *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 151, "width": 394, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Teknologi Informasi dan Industri, Teknik Informatika, Universitas Stikubank, Semarang, Indonesia Email: 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3,* [email protected] Email Penulis Korespondensi: [email protected] Submitted: 10/08/2024; Accepted: 15/08/2024; Published: 16/08/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak −Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ekstraksi fitur tekstur menggunakan metode grey level co- occurence matrix (GLCM) dan local binary pattern (LBP) pada hasil klastering data citra. Ekstraksi fitur tekstur dilakukan pada data uji 30 citra buah matang dan citra buah busuk. Melalui percobaan diperoleh hasil metode ekstraksi fitur LBP dapat menaikan nilai fitur kontras dan menurunkan nilai fitur korelasi. Pada fitur energi, dengan atau tanpa LBP maka perbedaan nilai fitur ini tidak terlalu jauh. Metode GLCM dan LBP berpengaruh pada hasil klastering data citra menggunakan k-means clustering. Data uji tanpa ekstraksi tekstur LBP, diperoleh dua alternatif hasil. Alternatif pertama, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 24 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 6 data. Alternatif kedua, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 22 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 8 data. Pada data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP, diperoleh tiga alternatif hasil. Alternatif pertama, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 23 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 7 data. Alternatif kedua, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 17 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 13 data. Alternatif ketiga, anggota klaster 1 dan klaster 2 masing-masing 15 data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 274, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: GLCM; LBP; Klaster K-Means; Ekstraksi Fitur; Fitur Tekstur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract −This study aims to analyze the effect of texture feature extraction using the grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary pattern (LBP) methods on the clustering results of image data. Texture feature extraction is performed on test data of 30 ripe fruit images and rotten fruit images. Through experiments, it was found that the LBP feature extraction method can increase the value of contrast features and decrease the value of correlation features. In the energy feature, with or without LBP, the difference in the value of this feature is not too far. The GLCM and LBP methods affect the results of clustering image data using k-means clustering. Test data without LBP texture extraction, two alternative results are obtained. The first alternative, cluster 1 members are 24 data and cluster 2 is 6 data. The second alternative, cluster 1 members are 22 data and cluster 2 is 8 data. In the test data with LBP texture extraction, three alternative results are obtained. The first alternative, cluster 1 members are 23 data and cluster 2 is 7 data. The second alternative, cluster 1 members are 17 data and cluster 2 is 13 data. The third alternative, cluster 1 and cluster 2 members are 15 data each.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 293, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : GLCM; LBP; K-Means Cluster; Feature Extraction; Texture Feature", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 464, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 483, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan citra digital menjadi salah satu topik menarik dalam bidang Informatika. Salah satu aplikasinya adalah dalam klaster data citra, seperti dalam bidang pemrosesan citra buah-buahan. Proses pengelompokkan atau klaster sangat berguna dalam industri pertanian, di mana kualitas buah-buahan perlu diidentifikasi dengan akurat. Metode klastering seperti K-Means, telah banyak digunakan untuk tujuan ini. Untuk meningkatkan akurasi klastering maka ekstraksi fitur yang tepat adalah berperan penting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GLCM ( grey level co-occurence matrix ) adalah sebuah matriks yang mencatat kemunculan pasangan piksel dengan kombinasi intensitas tertentu pada jarak dan arah tertentu. Matriks ini berisi data tentang hubungan spasial antara piksel-piksel dalam citra. Hasil GLCM dapat digunakan untuk mengekstrak fitur tekstur seperti kontras, korelasi, energi, dan homogeneity, sehingga dapat menangkap informasi spasial antara piksel-piksel dan memberikan representasi tentang tekstur citra [1]. Metode ini dapat menjadi lebih kompleks dan memerlukan lebih banyak komputasi untuk citra dengan banyak level intensitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LBP ( local binary pattern ) mengkodekan pola lokal di sekitar setiap piksel dengan membandingkan intensitas piksel pusat dengan intensitas piksel tetangga. Setiap piksel dikelilingi oleh piksel tetangga dalam konfigurasi tertentu (contoh 3x3 piksel). Piksel tetangga akan dikonversi menjadi bilangan biner, yang diperoleh dari hasil perbandingan piksel pusat dengan piksel tetangga. Hasil LBP adalah histogram yang mewakili frekuensi kemunculan pola biner di sekitar piksel. Histogram ini dapat digunakan sebagai representasi fitur tekstur untuk pengelompokkan citra [1]. Metode ini fokus pada perbedaan lokal dalam intensitas piksel sehingga lebih sederhana dan memerlukan waktu komputasi yang relatif lebih sedikit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini fokus pada pengaruh ekstraksi fitur tekstur menggunakan metode LBP dan GLCM pada hasil klastering citra buah. Data uji menggunakan 30 citra buah Apel, Jeruk, dan Pisang, masing-masing 10 citra [2]. Ekstraksi fitur tekstur dilakukan pada 30 citra tersebut yang secara visual tampak seperti buah matang atau buah busuk. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam bidang pengolahan citra dan pengelompokkan data, dengan menganalisa bagaimana ekstraksi fitur tekstur berpengaruh pada hasil klastering data citra. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat membantu di dalam pengembangan sistem otomatisasi industri pertanian khususnya untuk pengelompokkan kualitas buah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dua jenis pengelompokkan data yang banyak digunakan yaitu Hierarchical dan non-Hierarchical Clustering. Metode klaster non-hierarki yang cukup populer yaitu K-Means Cluster. Metode ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 934 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengelompokkan data menjadi beberapa kelompok, dimana data dalam satu kelompok memiliki karakteristik yang sama dan sebaliknya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan data pada kelompok yang lain. Jumlah klaster yang tepat ditentukan dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah kelompok data yang diinginkan [3][4]. Metode ini telah banyak diaplikasikan diberbagai bidang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 456, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa penelitian tentang studi kasus atau penerapan mengenai ekstraksi fitur tekstur menggunakan metode GLCM antara lain diterapkan pada klasifikasi penyakit daun padi [5] dan analisis intensitas cahaya lampu pijar [6]. Metode LBP dan GLCM digunakan bersama pada penerapan klasifikasi Batik [7], menentukan kualitas kesegaran susu sapi [8], dan pengenalan ekspresi mulut [9]. Terdapat pula penelitian tentang tinjauan ekstraksi fitur citra dan texture descriptor menggunakan metode LBP [10][11]. Beberapa penelitian tentang ekstraksi fitur tekstur menggunakan metode LBP yaitu citra wajah bermasker atau tanpa masker [12], identifikasi jenis kayu berdasarkan fitur tekstur [13], pengenalan daun tanaman obat tradisional [14], dan identifikasi kematangan Tomat sayur[15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian tentang penerapan metode klaster K-Means antara lain, klaster usia pasien [16], klaster penerima bantuan renovasi rumah dan bagi penderita Covid-19 [17][18], serta klaster produksi tanaman Tomat di Indonesia [19]. Beberapa penelitian tentang penerapan metode klaster K-Means dalam tiga tahun terakhir yaitu di bidang kesehatan dan pendidikan. Klaster vaksinasi penyakit Mulut dan Kuku [20], klaster penyakit Hipertensi [21], dan klaster peserta BPJS [22]. Klaster hasil survei MBKM [23], klaster efisiensi dan kinerja Mahasiswa [24], klaster mahasiswa penerima beasiswa [25], serta klaster mahasiswa dalam memilih program studi [26].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 325, "width": 194, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Tahapan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan penelitian diawali dari pra-proses data citra buah menggunakan metode mengubah citra berwarna menjadi abu-abu ( RGB to grey scale ), dilanjutkan dengan metode kuantisasi menjadi delapan skala keabuan atau tiga bit skala abu-abu. Delapan skala keabuan adalah nilai rekonstruksi dan nilai normalisasi. Data uji menggunakan tiga puluh citra buah Apel, Jeruk, dan Pisang, masing-masing 10 citra [2]. Tahapan penelitian selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1. Proses selanjutnya adalah ekstraksi fitur tekstur menggunakan metode LBP dan GLCM. Data hasil ekstraksi akan dikelompokkan menggunakan klaster K-Means.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 515, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Tahapan penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 533, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Klaster K-Means", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Algoritma K-Mean bekerja dengan cara membagi data menjadi sejumlah klaster, dengan setiap klaster memiliki titik pusat ( centroid ) masing-masing. Empat langkah utama dalam algoritma ini adalah: 1. Pemilihan awal nilai centroid untuk setiap klaster. Diawal proses pembentukan klaster, nilai ini dapat dipilih secara acak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pembagian data ke dalam klaster, setiap data manjadi anggota klaster terdekat. Jarak antara data dan centroid digunakan untuk menentukan klaster mana yang terdekat. Jarak antara data dan centroid dapat dihitung menggunakan beberapa metode pengukuran jarak, antara lain jarak Euclidean ( Euclidean distance ), jarak Manhattan ( Manhattan distance ), atau jarak Minkowski ( Minkowski distance ). 3. Pembaruan nilai centroid .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 654, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah semua data menjadi anggota klaster maka nilai centroid diperbarui dengan menghitung ulang titik pusat dari semua data anggota klaster tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 677, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Mengulangi langkah 2. dan 3. Mengulangi langkah 2 dan 3 sampai dengan tidak ada perubahan nilai centroid atau sampai dengan batas jumlah iterasi yang telah ditentukan tercapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Operator Local Binary Pattern", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Citra yang mempunyai motif atau tekstur membutuhkan algoritma ekstraksi ciri untuk dapat mengenali tekstur tersebut. Salah satu algoritma ekstraksi ciri yang dapat digunakan adalah algoritma local binary pattern (LBP) atau disebut juga dengan istilah operator LBP. Algoritma ini memberi nilai baru pada piksel citra dengan cara membatasi lingkungan setiap piksel dan menjadikan hasilnya sebagai bilangan biner. Operator LBP membentuk label untuk piksel citra dengan dimensi 3x3 piksel atau lebih dari piksel pusat, seperti pada Gambar 2 [27, 28].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 935 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 179, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Operator Local Binary Pattern", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LBP membandingkan nilai piksel pada pusat citra dengan 8 nilai piksel tetangga sekelilingnya. Sebagai ilustrasi, sebuah citra 3×3 piksel, nilai piksel pusat (n) dibandingkan dengan nilai piksel disekelilingnya (b 0 , b 1 , b 2 , … b 7 ), seperti pada Gambar 3(a). Apabila hasilnya adalah lebih besar atau sama maka diberi nilai 1 dan jika hasilnya lebih kecil maka diberi nilai 0, seperti pada Gambar 3b. dan Gambar 3c. Selanjutnya, menyusun searah dengan jarum jam atau sebaliknya, delapan nilai 1 atau 0, atau nilai biner. Susunan nilai biner diubah menjadi bentuk desimal. Nilai desimal ini sebagai pengganti nilai n [28].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Operator LBP secara umum mempunyai 2 langkah yaitu thresholding dan encoding . Pada langkah thresholding , semua nilai pixel tetangga mulai dari b 0 sampai dengan b 7 dibandingkan dengan nilai piksel pusat (n) seperti pada Gambar 3a, untuk diubah menjadi nilai biner. Nilai biner 0 untuk nilai b 0 sampai dengan b 7 yang mempunyai nilai lebih kecil dari nilai pusat (n). Sebaliknya, nilai biner 1 apabila nilai b 0 sampai dengan b 7 lebih besar atau sama dengan dari nilai pusat (n) seperti pada Gambar 3(b). Langkah encoding yaitu nilai biner yang diperoleh dari langkah thresholding dikonversi menjadi nilai desimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 415, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Nilai baru hasil operator Local Binary Pattern", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri citra diperoleh dari nilai piksel pengganti yang dihitung menggunakan operator LBP. Proses ini dilakukan pada seluruh piksel penyusun citra atau dikenal dengan istilah operasi jendela konvolusi. Contoh nilai piksel 00010011 biner sama dengan nilai piksel 19 desimal, nilai pusat n=5 diganti dengan nilai 19. Operator LBP adalah metode yang mendeskripsikan tekstur citra secara lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 130, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4 Matriks Intensitas GLCM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 457, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks intensitas grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) dapat digunakan untuk ekstraksi fitur tekstur citra. Fitur tekstur yang diekstrak antara lain: kontras ( contrast ), korelasi ( correlation ), dan Energi ( Energy ). Fitur kontras, nilai kontras yang tinggi menunjukkan variasi intensitas yang besar, sehingga menggambarkan citra memiliki tekstur kasar atau kompleks. Fitur korelasi, nilai korelasi tinggi menunjukkan bahwa perubahan intensitas antara piksel dan piksel tetangganya adalah konsisten, atau citra memiliki tekstur cenderung homogen. Fitur energi yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa piksel dalam gambar memiliki intensitas yang seragam atau sedikit variasi, sehingga citra memiliki tekstur cenderung halus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 457, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks GLCM menggambarkan pola distribusi intensitas piksel dalam sebuah citra dengan membentuk matriks yang mencatat frekuensi pasangan piksel dengan intensitas, jarak, dan arah tertentu. Untuk citra dengan G tingkat keabuan, maka matriks co-occurrence P berukuran GxG. Pada tingkat keabuan G rendah setelah melalui proses kuantisasi citra, maka informasi tekstur semakin berkurang. Dengan G=8 dan ukuran citra 64x64 piksel, merupakan pilihan yang baik untuk membentuk P. Kombinasi pasangan piksel tetangga terdekat dapat menggunakan sudut 0°, 45°, 90°, dan 135° [29]. Nilai G sebaiknya dibatasi sampai dengan 16 dan jarak piksel dengan piksel tetangganya adalah 1 atau 2 piksel, dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan waktu komputasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.5 Kuantisasi Skalar Seragam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kuantisasi bertujuan untuk mereduksi variasi nilai intensitas piksel yang dimiliki oleh citra. Kuantisasi skalar seragam mengelompokkan nilai masukan dengan lebar yang sama. Citra dengan variasi nilai piksel yang lebih sedikit dapat mengurangi proses komputasi pada saat ekstraksi fitur citra. Proses kuantisasi mengelompokkan nilai masukan ( input ) dan menggantinya dengan sebuah nilai rekonstruksi yang dipilih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 738, "width": 311, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hubungan antara nilai abu-abu 8 bit dengan nilai rekonstruksi 3 bit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 756, "width": 284, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Nilai abu-abu 8 bit Nilai rekonstruksi 3 bit Nilai normalisasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 768, "width": 249, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 0...31 16 0 2 32...63 48 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 936 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 171, "top": 88, "width": 284, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Nilai abu-abu 8 bit Nilai rekonstruksi 3 bit Nilai normalisasi 3 64...95 80 2 4 96...127 112 3 5 128...159 144 4 6 160...191 176 5 7 192...223 208 6 8 224...255 240 7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan keluaran kuantisasi 3 bit atau 8 derajat keabuan, untuk masukan nilai intensitas abu-abu 8 bit. Pada Tabel 1 adalah hubungan antara nilai masukan abu-abu 8 bit dengan nilai rekonstruksi dan nilai normalisasi. Contoh nilai rekonstruksi disini adalah nilai tengah dari kelompok nilai masukan abu-abu yang diwakili. Nilai normalisasi digunakan untuk mengisi matriks co-occurrence pada proses ekstraksi fitur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 252, "width": 185, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data uji menggunakan citra buah Apel, Jeruk, dan Pisang, masing-masing sepuluh citra. File citra dalam format PNG dengan dimensi 64X64 piksel. Citra ini secara visual tampak seperti citra buah matang atau buah busuk, seperti pada Gambar 4 [2]. Terdapat 15 citra buah matang dan 15 citra buah busuk. Pada pra-proses citra mengubah citra uji berwarna menjadi citra abu-abu ( gray scale ) dengan 256 skala keabuan dan 8 skala keabuan. Disini terdapat dua macam citra dengan 8 skala keabuan yaitu citra dengan nilai rekonstruksi seperti pada Gambar 5, dan citra dengan nilai normalisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 347, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Pra-Proses dan Ekstraksi Fitur Tekstur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses ekstraksi tekstur citra dengan metode LBP diperoleh dari citra 256 skala keabuan. Pada Gambar 6 dapat dilihat citra hasil proses LBP. Secara visual, tekstur citra tampak menjadi lebih jelas. Citra hasil LBP ini selanjutnya dilakukan kuantisasi untuk mendapatkan citra normalisasi hasil proses LBP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyusunan matriks GLCM menggunakan dua macam citra normalisasi yaitu: citra normalisasi tanpa proses LBP dan citra normalisasi hasil proses LBP. Pada penelitian ini, kombinasi pasangan piksel tetangga terdekat menggunakan sudut 0°, nilai G adalah 8 skala keabuan dan jarak piksel dengan piksel tetangganya adalah 1 piksel. Fitur tekstur yang digunakan adalah kontras ( contrast ), korelasi ( correlation ), dan energi ( energy ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 578, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Citra uji", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 220, "top": 723, "width": 185, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Citra uji hasil proses rekonstruksi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 741, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Tabel 2 mencatat nilai fitur kontras, korelasi, dan energi dari data uji tanpa ekstraksi tekstur LBP. Fitur kontras dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra jeruk_x05 (0,0982) dan citra pisang_x04 (0,8832). Fitur korelasi dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra pisang_x04 (0,7185) dan citra pisang_02 (0,9720). Pada fitur energi dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra pisang_x01 (0,0635) dan citra jeruk_03 (0,2975).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 937 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 211, "top": 245, "width": 204, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Citra uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Tabel 3 mencatat nilai fitur kontras, korelasi, dan energi dari data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP. Fitur kontras dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra pisang_04 (4,5357) dan citra pisang_x04 (10,955). Fitur korelasi dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra pisang_x04 (0,2562) dan citra pisang_04 (0,7714). Pada fitur energi dengan nilai terendah dan tertinggi adalah citra pisang_x01 (0,0292) dan citra pisang_04 (0,2137). Nilai ketiga fitur tersebut seluruhnya diperoleh dari citra Pisang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 326, "width": 233, "height": 372, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Data uji dan nilai fitur Kontras, Korelasi, Energi No. Data Uji Kontras Korelasi Energi 1 apel_01 0,1324 0,926 0,2431 2 apel_02 0,2453 0,9186 0,1729 3 apel_03 0,2517 0,8965 0,1613 4 apel_04 0,2743 0,9021 0,1611 5 apel_05 0,1525 0,9562 0,1704 6 apel_x01 0,1347 0,943 0,2006 7 apel_x02 0,2054 0,93 0,1764 8 apel_x03 0,1349 0,9048 0,258 9 apel_x04 0,2264 0,9273 0,1504 10 apel_x05 0,1597 0,9166 0,2596 11 jeruk_01 0,2326 0,9426 0,1606 12 jeruk _02 0,2279 0,9479 0,1611 13 jeruk _03 0,1404 0,9139 0,2975 14 jeruk _04 0,4375 0,929 0,1421 15 jeruk _05 0,3361 0,9426 0,1475 16 jeruk _x01 0,1674 0,9474 0,1773 17 jeruk _x02 0,1414 0,9482 0,1877 18 jeruk _x03 0,1662 0,931 0,1782 19 jeruk _x04 0,1595 0,8865 0,2449 20 jeruk _x05 0,0982 0,9537 0,2191 21 pisang_01 0,183 0,9687 0,1159 22 pisang _02 0,1672 0,972 0,1203 23 pisang _03 0,4415 0,8915 0,1096 24 pisang _04 0,1761 0,9569 0,1719 25 pisang _05 0,5439 0,8721 0,1088 26 pisang _x01 0,8782 0,8745 0,0635 27 pisang _x02 0,6255 0,906 0,0698 28 pisang _x03 0,6367 0,8019 0,0842 29 pisang _x04 0,8832 0,7185 0,0709 30 pisang _x05 0,8385 0,7596 0,0701", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 707, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil ekstraksi fitur dicatat pada Tabel 2 untuk data uji tanpa operator LBP dan Tabel 3 untuk data uji dengan operator LBP. Operator LBP dapat menaikan nilai fitur kontras. Citra memiliki kontras yang lebih tinggi seperti pada Gambar 6 apabila dibandingkan dengan citra pada Gambar 5. Pada fitur korelasi, operator LBP dapat menurunkan nilai fitur ini. Fitur energi, dengan atau tanpa operator LBP nilai fitur ini tidak terlalu berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 759, "width": 353, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP dan nilai fitur Kontras, Korelasi, Energi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 777, "width": 205, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Data Uji Kontras Korelasi Energi 1 apel_01 6,1448 0,5543 0,0836", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 938 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 211, "top": 88, "width": 205, "height": 343, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Data Uji Kontras Korelasi Energi 2 apel_02 7,5843 0,5045 0,058 3 apel_03 8,5818 0,476 0,065 4 apel_04 7,6915 0,5351 0,0742 5 apel_05 6,1493 0,5604 0,0757 6 apel_x01 5,2996 0,676 0,1206 7 apel_x02 8,2902 0,4488 0,0492 8 apel_x03 6,7103 0,6001 0,0821 9 apel_x04 7,7356 0,5347 0,0757 10 apel_x05 6,3125 0,636 0,0939 11 jeruk_01 7,7207 0,4965 0,056 12 jeruk _02 7,8988 0,4625 0,0477 13 jeruk _03 7,3909 0,5201 0,06 14 jeruk _04 6,7907 0,5374 0,0617 15 jeruk _05 6,5724 0,5301 0,0616 16 jeruk _x01 7,7034 0,4852 0,0628 17 jeruk _x02 6,3512 0,6054 0,0735 18 jeruk _x03 6,939 0,5481 0,0665 19 jeruk _x04 7,3001 0,5503 0,0769 20 jeruk _x05 6,3586 0,6313 0,1209 21 pisang_01 4,8165 0,7453 0,1741 22 pisang _02 4,5561 0,7597 0,1572 23 pisang _03 6,8646 0,4834 0,0491 24 pisang _04 4,5357 0,7714 0,2137 25 pisang _05 7,1181 0,5229 0,0718 26 pisang _x01 9,3447 0,2973 0,0292 27 pisang _x02 8,932 0,3782 0,0418 28 pisang _x03 9,372 0,4651 0,0696 29 pisang _x04 10,955 0,2562 0,0328 30 pisang _x05 10,934 0,2705 0,0338", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Grafik sebaran 30 data uji berdasarkan nilai fitur dapat dilihat pada Gambar 7. Fitur kontras (sumbu x) sebanyak 22 data (73,33%) bernilai lebih kecil dari 0,4. Fitur korelasi (sumbu y) sebanyak 27 data (90%) bernilai lebih besar dari 0,85. Fitur energi (sumbu z), sebaran data relatif merata dari 0,06 sampai dengan 0,29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 719, "width": 234, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Grafik sebaran data uji berdasarkan nilai fitur", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 737, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Grafik sebaran 30 data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP berdasarkan nilai fitur dapat dilihat pada Gambar 8. Fitur kontras (sumbu x) sebanyak 26 data (86,66%) bernilai lebih besar dari 6,0. Fitur korelasi (sumbu y) sebanyak 27 data (90%) bernilai lebih besar dari 0,3. Fitur energi (sumbu z), sebanyak 27 data (90%) bernilai lebih lebih kecil dari 0,15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 939 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 299, "width": 357, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Grafik sebaran data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP berdasarkan nilai fitur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Hasil Klaster K-Means", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil klaster K-Means untuk mengelompokkan data uji menjadi dua klaster dapat dilihat pada Gambar 9, dan pada Gambar 10 adalah untuk data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP. Proses pembentukan klaster data dilakukan masing-masing sebanyak sepuluh kali percobaan. Data anggota klaster 1 disimbolkan dengan titik berwarna biru dan data anggota klaster 2 disimbolkan dengan titik berwarna merah. Titik pusat ( centroid ) masing-masing klaster disimbolkan dengan bintang dan segitiga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 597, "width": 199, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Hasil klaster K-Means untuk data uji", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 615, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada hasil klaster data uji tanpa ekstraksi tekstur LBP diperoleh anggota klaster 1 yaitu 24 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 6 data, seperti dapat dilihat pada Gambar 9. Enam anggota klaster 2 yaitu data citra nomor 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, dan 30, yang secara visual adalah 1 citra buah matang dan 5 citra buah busuk. Ini adalah alternatif hasil yang pertama. Dari sepuluh kali percobaan proses pembentukan klaster, diperoleh alternatif yang kedua yaitu anggota klaster 1 sebanyak 22 data dan klaster 2 sebanyak 8 data. Delapan anggota klaster 2 yaitu data citra nomor 14, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, dan 30, yang secara visual adalah 3 citra buah matang dan 5 citra buah busuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 456, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP, melalui sepuluh kali percobaan pembentukan klaster diperoleh tiga alternatif hasil. Alternatif pertama, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 23 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 7 data. Tujuh anggota klaster 2 yaitu data citra nomor 3, 7, 26, 27, 28, 29, dan 30, yang secara visual adalah 1 citra buah matang dan 6 citra buah busuk. Alternatif kedua, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 17 data dan anggota klaster 2 yaitu 13 data, seperti dapat dilihat pada Gambar 10. Tiga belas anggota klaster 2 yaitu data citra nomor 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 26, 27, 28, 29, dan 30, yang secara visual adalah 5 citra buah matang dan 8 citra buah busuk. Alternatif ketiga, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 15 data dan anggota klaster 2 yaitu 15 data. Lima belas anggota klaster 2 yaitu data citra nomor 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19, 26, 27, 28, 29, dan 30, yang secara visual adalah 6 citra buah matang dan 9 citra buah busuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 22, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Computer System and Informatics (JoSYC)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2714-8912 (media online), ISSN 2714-7150 (media cetak) Volume 5, No. 4, August 2024, Page 933-941 https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/josyc DOI 10.47065/josyc.v5i4.5770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 807, "width": 341, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Author , Page 940 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 151, "top": 273, "width": 324, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Hasil klaster K-Means untuk data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 304, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 456, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian 30 data citra buah menggunakan ekstraksi fitur metode GLCM dan LBP, maka metode ekstraksi fitur LBP dapat menaikan nilai fitur kontras dan menurunkan nilai fitur korelasi. Pada fitur energi, dengan atau tanpa LBP maka perbedaan nilai fitur ini tidak terlalu jauh. Pada data uji tanpa ekstraksi tekstur LBP, diperoleh dua alternatif hasil. Alternatif pertama, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 24 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 6 data. Alternatif kedua, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 22 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 8 data. Pada data uji dengan ekstraksi tekstur LBP, diperoleh tiga alternatif hasil. Alternatif pertama, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 23 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 7 data. Alternatif kedua, anggota klaster 1 yaitu 17 data dan klaster 2 yaitu 13 data. Alternatif ketiga, anggota klaster 1 dan klaster 2 masing-masing 15 data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi fitur metode GLCM dan LBP berpengaruh pada hasil klastering data citra menggunakan metode k-means clustering.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 446, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 456, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terima kasih kepada Direktorat Penelitian Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Publikasi (DPPMP) Unisbank Semarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 455, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] M. S. Nixon and A. S. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[43]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 74, "width": 363, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "POTENSI KEUNGGULAN LOKAL KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA DAN PEMANFAATANNYA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 214, "top": 124, "width": 169, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ipin Aripin 1 dan Diana Yulianti 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 138, "width": 266, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Majalengka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 150, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Prodi Tadris Biologi IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Jln. KH. Abdul Halim No. 103 Majalengka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 178, "width": 194, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jln. Perjuangan By Pass Sunyaragi Cirebon", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 191, "width": 363, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] / [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 231, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 244, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi keunggulan lokal di Kabupaten Majalengka, yang dapat dimanfaatkan/diangkat dalam pembelajaran biologi sebagai khasanah untuk memperkenalkan potensi keunggulan lokal Kabupaten Majalengka secara umum dan potensi pengembangannya dalam pembelajaran, khususnya biologi. Kabupaten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 313, "width": 400, "height": 314, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalengka sebagai salah satu kabupaten yang ada di Jawa Barat selama ini kurang dikenal masyarakat secara luas, namun dengan adanya pembangunan bandara internasional Jawa Barat (BIJB) nama kabupaten Majalengka kian harum secara nasional maupun internasional. Kabupaten Majalengka memiliki potensi pariwisata alam yang luar biasa dan belum sepenuhnya tereksplorasi secara maksimal untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah (PAD) melalui kegiatan wisata, agrowisata, ekowisata maupun dieksplorasi sebagai bagian dari keunggulan lokal yang dapat dijadikan sumber belajar siswa. Biologi sebagai ilmu yang mengkaji tentang makhluk hidup serta interaksi antara makhluk hidup dan lingkungannya (ekologi) memiliki potensi untuk mengangkat keunggulan lokal setempat dalam pembelajaran sebagai bagian dari kekhasan kurikulum. Potensi untuk lebih memperkenalkan keunggulan lokal Majalengka melalui pembelajaran biologi di sekolah-sekolah yang ada di Kabupaten Majalengka tergolong tinggi, banyak keunggulan lokal yang dapat diangkat dari Kabupaten Majalengka seperti wisata terasering Panyaweuyan, objek wisata Curug Cipeuteuy, situ Sangiang, objek wisata petilasan Prabu Siliwangi, agrowisata durian sinapeul, sentra pembibitan tanaman hortikultura dan sebagainya. Keunggulan lokal tersebut dapat diangkat pada tema-tema pembelajaran biologi seperti pada materi ekologi, sel dan jaringan, vertebrata dan invertebrata, interaksi antara makhluk hidup atau materi pembelajaran ekologi, zoologi, botani, dan lain-lain, serta sebagai tempat observasi lapangan. Produk ajar yang dapat dikembangkan dari keunggulan lokal tersebut dapat berupa buku, RPP berbasis keunggulan lokal atau bervisi SETS, modul, LKS, panduan observasi, poster, dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 643, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Keunggulan Lokal, Majalengka, Pembelajaran Biologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[44]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 87, "width": 223, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keunggulan lokal merupakan salah satu potensi yang dapat dikemas dan dikembangkan melalui pembelajaran. Dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Bab XIV Pasal 50 Ayat 5 menegaskan bahwa pemerintah kabupaten/kota mengelola pendidikan dasar dan menengah, serta satuan pendidikan yang berbasis pendidikan lokal, Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 Bab III Pasal 14 Ayat 1 bahwa kurikulum untuk SMP/MTS/SMPLB atau bentuk lain yang sedarajat dapat memasukkan pendidikan keunggulan lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 223, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengembangkan keunggulan lokal setempat dapat digali dari potensi- potensi yang ada di daerahnya. Kabupaten Majalengka sebagai salah satu Kabupaten yang ada di Jawa Barat memiliki keunggulan lokal berupa banyaknya obyek wisata alam, hal ini tentunya tidak lepas dari kondisi geografis Kabupaten Majalengka yang memiliki wilayah pegunungan dan berbukit, serta wilayah daratan. Potensi alam yang dimiliki Kabupaten Majalengka tidak terbatas pada kekayaan wisata alam tetapi juga potensi agraris dan pengembangan pembibitan hortikultura yang banyak ditemukan di wilayah Majalengka seperti di Kecamatan Rajagaluh, Maja, Sukahaji, dan Sindangwangi yang juga dikenal dengan potensi agrowisata durian sinapeul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 515, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keunggulan lokal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 515, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 529, "width": 226, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalengka selama ini dalam pandangan penulis belum di eksplorasi sebagai sumber pembelajaran khususnya biologi. Dalam kurikulum tingkat satuan pendidikan (KTSP) telah memberikan peluang lebih besar bagi pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal, namun seiring pergantian kurikulum dari KTSP ke Kurikulum 2013 tidak lantas membuat potensi pengembangan pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal dikesampingkan. Menurut Asmani (2012) tujuan penyelenggaraan pendidikan keunggulan lokal adalah agar siswa mengetahui keunggulan lokal daerah tempat tinggal dan memahami berbagai aspek terkait dengan keunggulan lokal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 73, "width": 223, "height": 315, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum keunggulan lokal Majalengka yang dapat dijadikan sebagai tema kajian dalam pembelajaran biologi khususnya terdiri atas potensi sumber daya alam berupa sumber mineral, objek wisata, kekayaan hortikultura khas Majalengka misalkan sayuran di Panyaweuyan, pembibitan hortikultura, mangga gedong gincu, buah maja. Kekayaan budaya seperti kerajinan anyaman dari bambu ( Bambosa sp ) berupa boboko (sejenis anyaman dari bahan bamboo) dari desa Trajaya. Kekayaan kuliner dan oleh-leh seperti kecap Majalengka, opak, rengginang, jeruk nipis peras, kolang kaling dan lain-lain. Dengan berbagai keunggulan lokal tersebut dapat dikembangkan atau diangkat dalam pembelajaran sains khususnya biologi agar siswa yang ada di Kabupaten Majalengka lebih mengenal daerahnya dan meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap pelestarian potensi tersebut, sehingga belajar biologi akan lebih bermakna dengan mengangkat tema yang kontekstual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 391, "width": 226, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini senada dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Prasetyo (2013) bahwa pembelajaran sains harus dapat memfasilitasi peserta didik dan berbicara serta bekerja melalui minds-on dan hands-on science . Demikian pula kajian penelitian Mumpuni (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa pendidikan keunggulan lokal dalam pembelajaran biologi mengarah pada potensi pembelajaran kontekstual pada masing- masing daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 543, "width": 226, "height": 190, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut Mumpuni (2012) mengungkapkan bahwa relevansi pendidikan keunggulan lokal dengan dunia nyata mendorong terbentuknya aplikasi praktis pada pembelajaran kontekstual biologi. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran biologi harus memuat pengetahuan dan sikap positif tentang potensi lokal setempat sehingga dapat memotivasi siswa untuk belajar dan mengembangkan keterampilan sesuai potensi lokal. Biologi berperan dalam mengembangkan potensi sumber daya lokal dan membelajarkan tentang bagaimana pemanfaatan dan pelestariannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[45]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 74, "width": 221, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN Kondisi Geografis Kabupaten Majalengka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 101, "width": 223, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi Geografis Majalengka terbagi dalam 3 zona daerah yaitu : daerah pegunungan dengan ketinggian 500-857 m di atas permukaan laut dengan luas 482,02 Km² atau 40,03 % dari seluruh luas wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka; daerah bergelombang/berbukit dengan ketinggian 50-500 m di atas permukaan laut dengan luas 376,53 Km² atau 31,27 % dari seluruh luas wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka dan daerah daratan rendah dengan ketinggian 19-50 m diatas permukaan laut dengan luas 345,69 Km² atau 28,70 % dari seluruh luas wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 584, "width": 191, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Peta Kabupaten Majalengka (Sumber : https://majalengkakab.go.id )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 623, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi ini memungkinkan tumbuh suburnya potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah seperti sayuran, buah buahan, pangan juga sektor pariwisata. Daerah dataran rendah yang rata ditunjang dengan posisi yang sangat strategissebagai wilayah penghubung 4 Kabupaten yakni Sumedang, Indramayu, Cirebon dan Kuningan, sangat cocok dikembangkan menjadi kota bisnis dan industri, sehingga tidak heran kalau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 73, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah Propinsi Jawa Barat melirik Majalengka sebagai salah satu prioritas pembangunan infrastruktur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 101, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk menompang percepatan pembangunan termasuk mega proyek pembangunan Bandara Internasional Jawa Barat yang akan dibangun di kecamatan Kertajati, serta sentra untuk relokasi berbagai industri dan konsep pengembangan Kertajati Aero City yang terintegrasi dengan berbagai fasilitas seperti pemunkiman, universitas, rumah sakit, pusat perbelanjaan, bussines center, resort, sarana hiburan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 239, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan rekreasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 253, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "( https://majalengkakab.go.id ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 281, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep Tentang Keunggulan Lokal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 294, "width": 223, "height": 205, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut KBBI online istilah keunggulan memiliki makna sebagai keadaan (lebih), keutamaan atau yang lebih dari yang lain. Adapun istilah lokal diartikan sebagai setempat (tentang pembuatan, produksi, tumbuh, hidup, dan sebagainya) atau berlaku setempat. Jika digabungkan keunggulan dan kata lokal, maka kedua kata tersebut menjadi keunggulan lokal. Menurut Dwigatama, 2007 (dalam Asmani, 2012: 29) keunggulan lokal memiliki makna sebagai segala sesuatu yang menjadi ciri khas kedaerahan yang mencakup aspek ekonomi, budaya, teknologi informasi, komunikasi, ekologi dan sebagainya yang menjadi keunggulan suatu daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 501, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merujuk pada pengertian tentang keunggulan lokal tersebut maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa keunggulan lokal merupakan potensi yang dimiliki pada suatu daerah yang menjadi ciri khas daerah baik berupa aspek ekonomi, budaya maupun kekayaan alam dengan segala keunikannya yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 639, "width": 222, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Sudrajat dalam (Asmani, 2012: 29-38) konsep pengembangan keunggulan lokal diinspirasi dari berbagai potensi, yaitu potensi sumber daya alam (SDA), sumber daya manusia (SDM), potensi geografis, potensi budaya dan potensi historis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 722, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjelasan dari potensi-potensi yang menginspirasi pengembangan keunggulan lokal yaitu sebagai berikut: (a) potensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[46]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 223, "height": 315, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sumber daya alam, adalah potensi yang terdapat di alam yang dapat didayagunakan untuk berbagai kepentingan hidup. (b) potensi sumber daya manusia didefinisikan sebagai manusia dengan segenap potensinya yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk dikembangkan menjadi makhluk sosial yang adaptif dan transformatif, serta mampu mendayagunakan potensi alam disekitarnya secara seimbang dan berkesinambungan. (c) potensi geografis, pengkajian keunggulan lokal dari aspek geografi perlu memperhatikan pendekatan keruangan, lingkungan, dan kompleks wilayah. (d) potensi budaya, ciri khas budaya masing- masing daerah tertentu yang berbeda dengan daerah lainnya merupakan sikap menghargai kebudayaan daerah sehingga menjadi keunggulan lokal. (e) potensi historis merupakan potensi sejarah dalam bentuk peninggalan benda-benda purbakala maupun tradisi yang masih dilestarikan hingga saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 405, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keunggulan Lokal Majalengka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 223, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam artikel ini hanya akan dibahas beberapa contoh keunggulan lokal Majalengka yang merupakan potensi sumber daya alam dan geografis berupa objek wisata dan keanekaragaman tumbuhan. Kabupaten Majalengka memiliki lebih dari 40 objek wisata yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana dalam pembelajaran. Berikut beberapa contoh keunggulan lokal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Majalengka yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 223, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat dimanfaatkan atau dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran biologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 584, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Objek wisata Terasering Panyaweuyan Argapura", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 209, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Obek wisata ini terletak di Argapura terletak di Desa Argamukti, Kecamatan Argapura, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat. Terletak kurang lebih sekitar 25 km dari pusat kota Majalengka dengan jarak tempuh sekitar 45-60 menit. Ditinjau dari sudut pandang sebagai objek wisata bukit panyaweuyan memiliki panorama alam yang sangat indah, dengan menyajikan pemandangan alam, dan udara yang sejuk serta hijaunya perkebunan sayuran dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 73, "width": 209, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hamparan padi, serta perkebunan teh. Objek wisata ini cocok bagi Anda pencinta fotografi, dengan pemandangan yang indah Anda dapat menghasilkan jepretan yang luar biasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 327, "top": 289, "width": 190, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Bukit Penyaweuyan (Sumber : www.lyceum.id/pesona-wisata- terasering-panyaweuyan-majalengka-yang- mengagumkan/ )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 353, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai bagian dari keunggulan lokal Majalengka di bidang pariwisata, bukit Panyaweuyan juga memiliki potensi untuk diangkat atau dijadikan sebagai objek observasi pada kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya biologi pada tema sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 450, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Potensi Objek Wisata Terasering", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 462, "width": 213, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panyaweuyan Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Hortikultura - Budidaya tanaman hortikultura - Teknik bercocok tanam 2. Plantae - Klasifikasi dan identifikasi tumbuhan - Morfologi tumbuhan 3. Ekologi dan lingkungan - Lingkungan biotik dan abiotik - Keseimbangan lingkungan - Konservasi lingkungan - Identifikasi pH air,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 678, "width": 207, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pH tanah dan pH lingkungan - Mengukur kecepatan angin 4. Keanekaragam an hayati - Identifikasi berbagai hewan dan tumbuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[47]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Objek Wisata Curug Cipeuteuy Objek wisata ini terletak di Blok", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 209, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasir, Desa Bantaragung, Kecamatan Sindangwangi Kabupaten Majalengka. Objek Curug Cipeuteuy berjarak sekitar 24 Km dari arah timur pusat Kota Majalengka. Pada objek wisata yang terletak di kaki gunung Ciremai ini terdapat berbagai jenis tanaman hutan yang telah diberi etiket (label) nama ilmiah, berbagai jenis tumbuhan paku- pakuan, lumut dan dijadikan salah satu tempat konservasi elang jawa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 391, "width": 206, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Objek Wisata Curug Cipeuteuy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 403, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Sumber : Dokumentasi Pribadi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Curug Cipeuteuy memiliki potensi untuk diangkat/dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana pembelajaran biologi pada tema yang berkaitan dengan hal berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 74, "width": 450, "height": 686, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Potensi Objek Wisata Terasering Panyaweuyan Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Plantae - Klasifikasi dan identifikasi tumbuhan - Morfologi tumbuhan 2. Ekologi dan lingkungan - Lingkungan biotik dan abiotik - Keseimbangan lingkungan - Konservasi lingkungan - Identifikasi pH air, pH tanah dan pH lingkungan - Analisis vegetasi tumbuhan 3. Protista dan alga - Identifikasi protista dan alga air tawar 4. Fungi - Identifiaksi jamur makroskopis No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 5. Bryophyta & Pteridophyta - Identifikasi bryophyte dan pteridophyta 6. Vertebrata dan invertebrata - Identifikasi hewan air dan hewan hutan 7. Klasifikasi tumbuhan - Pembuatan herbarium - Kunci determinasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 190, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Taman Wisata Petilasan Prabu Siliwangi Objek wisata ini terletak di desa Pajajar, Kecamatan Rajagaluh Kabupaten Majalengka, berjarak sekitar 10 km dari terminal bus Rajagaluh. Salah satu keunikan objek wisata ini adalah terdapat habitat ikan berbagai jenis ikan air tawar salah satunya adalah jenis kancera ( Neolissochilus soro ) , serta terdapat populasi kera yang cukup banyak disekitar area objek wisata.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 464, "width": 203, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Taman Wisata Petilasan Prabu Siliwangi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 350, "top": 489, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Sumber : Dokumentasi Pribadi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 515, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apabila ditinjau dari karakteristik tempat serta keunggulan lokal yang tersaji di sana dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar biologi khususnya pada beberapa tema antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 584, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Potensi Objek Wisata Petilasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 597, "width": 217, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prabu Siliwangi Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Ekologi dan lingkungan - Ekologi tumbuhan dan hewan - Analisis bahan baku air minum 2. Vertebrata dan avertebrata - Klasifikasi dan identifikasi ikan air tawar - Klasifikasi dan identifikasi spesies", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[48]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 74, "width": 203, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian kera 3. Alga - Analisis mikro alga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 139, "width": 222, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Objek Wisata Situ Sangiang Objek wisata Situ Sangiang terletak di desa Sangiang, kecamatan Banjaran kabupaten Majalengka berjarak sekitar 27 Km dari kota Majalengka, dengan jarak tempuh skitar 45 – 60 menit. Objek wisata ini menyajikan pemandangan air situ dan lingkungan yang masih asri dan sesekali terdengar kicauan burung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 393, "width": 202, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Situ Sangiang (Sumber : https://infomajalengka.wordpress.com )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi objek wisata ini cocok untuk dijadikan pengamatan pada pembelajaran ekosistem, serta memiliki potensi yang bisa dimanfaatkan pada pembelajaran atau sebagai tempat observasi pada mata pelajaran biologi khsususnya berkaitan dengan tema berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Potensi Objek Wisata Situ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 74, "width": 445, "height": 690, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sangiang Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Ekologi dan lingkungan - Ekologi air - Aksi interaksi antara makhluk hidup - Ekosistem air - Analisis vegetasi tumbuhan - Analisis pH lingkungan 2. Vertebrata dan Avertebrata - Pengamatan hewan vertebrata dan avertebrata - Analisis alga mikroskopis - Pengamatan populasi burung No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 3. Botani - Klasifikasi tumbuhan tingkat tinggi, jamur, lumut, tumbuhan paku", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 165, "width": 222, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Agrowisata Durian Sinapeul Durian Sinapeul merupakan spesies durian asli Majalengka, agrowisata durian Sinapeul terletak di Sinapeul Kecamatan Sindangwangi Kabupaten Majalengka. Salah satu ciri khas durian Sinapeul adalah buahnya tidak terlalu besar, namun memiliki rasa manis yang khas, dengan daging buah yang tebal serta bau durian yang tidak terlalu menyengat. Sebagai salah satu keunggulan lokal Kabupaten Majalengka agrowisata durian Sinapeul memiliki potensi untuk diangkat dalam pembelajaran biologi terutama pada tema plantae, berikut potensi dari agrowisata durian Sinapeul yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai bahan pembelajaran biologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 311, "top": 399, "width": 216, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Potensi Agrowisata Durian Sinapeul Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Hortikultura - Budidaya tanaman hortikultura - Perbanyakan tanaman 2. Plantae - Klasifikasi tumbuhan - Morfologi tumbuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 514, "width": 205, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- Anatomi tumbuhan 3. Spermatophyta - Analisis klasifikasi, morfologi, cara reproduksi dan perbanyak tumbuhan berbiji.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 591, "width": 209, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekitar tahun 1993, durian sinapeul telah dikembangkan secara okulasi oleh para petani hortikultura yang ada di sana, dan bibitnya sudah banyak diperjual belikan disentra-sentra pembibitan tanaman hortikultura yang ada di Kabupaten Majalengka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[49]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 195, "width": 166, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Pintu Gerbang Menuju Argowisata Durian Sinapeul", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 220, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Sumber : http://nandangbaret.blogspot.com )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 362, "width": 205, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Durian Sinapeul Pada Kegiatan Pesta Durian Tahun 2017 di Sinapeul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 387, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan Sindangwangi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 223, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Sentra Pembibitan Tanaman Hortikultura Sentra pembibitan dan persemaian tanaman hortikulutura banyak tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka, dibeberapa kecamatan seperti Sukahaji,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 483, "width": 208, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maja, Rajagaluh akan mudah menemukan sentra-sentra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 496, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembibitan tanaman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 209, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hortikultura. Pembibitan dan persemaian tanaman hortikultura yang banyak dikembangkan para petani atau kelompok tani di Kabupaten Majalengka meliputi tanaman mangga, nangka, jeruk, rambutan, durian, jambu biji, jambu air, jeruk, lengkeng, dan berbagai tanaman hias serta tanaman peneduh jalan. Sebagai salah satu keunggulan lokal yang ada di kabupaten Majalengka, sentra pembibitan dan persemian tanaman hortikultura memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran biologi sebagai bagian dari keunggulan lokal yang diangkat dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 195, "width": 204, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Pembibitan Mangga di Majalengka http://pusatpenangkaranbibitmangga.blogspot. com/2014/04/bibit-mangga-majalengka-bibit-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 246, "width": 209, "height": 91, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mangga.html Beberapa potensi yang dapat digali dan dimanfaatkan dari keberadaan keunggulan lokal sentra pembibitan dan persemaian tanaman hortikultura dalam pembelajaran biologi antara lain :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 311, "top": 340, "width": 216, "height": 239, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Potensi Pemanfaatan Sentra Bibit dan Persemaian Tanaman Hortikultura Dalam Pembelajaran Biologi No. Tema Pembelajaran Kajian 1. Hortikultura - Klasifikasi tanaman hortikultura - Pembibitan, persemaian dan perbanyakan tanaman hortikultura 2. Plantae - Klasifikasi dan identifikasi tumbuhan - Analisis morfologi tumbuhan - Keanekaragaman tumbuhan - Sel dan jaringan tumbuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 595, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Potensi Pengembangan Keunggulan Lokal Majalengka dalam Pembelajaran Biologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 622, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penyelenggaraan pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal adalah agar siswa mengetahui keunggulan lokal daerah tempat mereka tinggal, memahami berbagai aspek yang berhubungan dengan keunggulan lokal tersebut. Kemudian mampu mengolah sumber daya, terlibat dalam pelayanan/jasa atau kegiatan lain yang berkaitan dengan keunggulan lokal, sehingga memperoleh penghasilan sekaligus melestarikan budaya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[50]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 223, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tradisi, dan sumber daya yang menjadi unggulan daerah, serta mampu bersaing secara nasional dan global, (Asmani, 2012: 41).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 223, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal adalah suatu bentuk pembelajaran yang memadukan pembelajaran di sekolah dengan kebudayaan/ keunggulan yang berkembang di masyarakat. Proses pembelajaran ini melibatkan masyarakat setempat dengan cara menyesuaikan dan membawa budaya masyarakat setempat dengan bahan ajar di sekolah. Tujuan pembelajaran dalam konteks ini dirumuskan bersama antara guru, masyarakat (komite sekolah), pejabat pendidikan setempat dan komponen lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 294, "width": 223, "height": 467, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karakteristik utama pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal pada pembelajaran biologi adalah dengan dimasukannya unsur- unsur keunggulan lokal dalam proses pembelajaran, mulai dari bahan ajar yang disesuaikan dengan dengan kebudayaan lokal setempat, metode pengajaran yang menuntut siswa untuk mampu mengkombinasikan keunggulan lokal dengan konsep pelajaran yang dipelajarinya, serta berbagai media pembelajaran yang secara tidak langsung dapat memadukan keunggulan lokal dengan pelajaran yang dilakukan di sekolah. Sebagai salah satu contoh pengembangan keunggulan lokal Majalengka yang akan diangkat adalah pembibitan tanaman hortikultura. Jika mengangkat tema ini sebagai tema pembelajara maka langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan yaitu : (1) mempersiapkan materi sesuai keunggulan lokal yang diangkat; dalam hal ini keunggulan yang diangkat missal tentang pembibitan tanaman hortikultura, maka tema materi tentang perbanyakan tanaman, plantae, sel dan jaringan tumbuhan, perkembangan tumbuhan, dan keanekaragaman hayati dapat dipilih sebagai bagian integram pembelajaran yang akan dilaksanakan (2) membuat bahan ajar yang disesuaikan dengan keunggulan lokal setempat; bahan ajar yang dapat dikembangkan guru bisa berupa modul pembelajaran yang mengangkat tema keunggulan lokal yang dikaitkan dengan materi ajar yang cocok; (3) merancang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 73, "width": 223, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "skenario pembelajaran yang akan digunakan selaras dengan tuntunan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah dirumuskan bersama antara guru, masyarakat (komite sekolah), pejabat pendidikan setempat dan komponen lainnya; (4) pemilihan metode dan media pengajaran yang menuntut siswa untuk mampu mengkombinasikan unsur keunggulan setempat dengan konsep pelajaran yang dipelajarinya di sekolah; (5) pembelajaran dapat dimulai dengan memberikan tugas yang relevan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 239, "width": 223, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah-langkah yang dapat guru lakukan dalam pembelajaran berbasis keunggulan lokal juga dikemukakan oleh Wahidin, (2006:187) dengan urutan langkah pembelajaran sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 308, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Guru mempersiapkan materi yang sesuai dengan kondisi budaya masyarakat sekitar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 350, "width": 223, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Guru merancang atau membuat skenario model pembelajaran yang akan digunakan, selaras dengan tuntutan tujuan pembelajaran;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 405, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Persiapkan bahan-bahan yang mungkin diperlukan dalam pembelajaran;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 432, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Rencanakan jika akan dilakukan pembelajaran di luar sekolah atau melibatkan pihak lain ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 474, "width": 222, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Bagi siswa menjadi beberapa kelompok kecil anatar 4-5 orang, usahakan setiap kelompok heterogen;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 515, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Mulai pembelajaran dengan memberi tugas tema-tema yang relevan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 543, "width": 223, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Ahmad (2012: 11) langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan dalam pengembangan pendidikan berbasis keunggulan lokal adalah sebagai beriku:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 598, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Penyusunan desain,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 612, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Kajian konsep,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 626, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Studi literatur dan lapangan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 639, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Penyusunan model,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 653, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Uji coba model,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 667, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Analisis hasil,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 681, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) Perbaikan/penyempurnaan model,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 695, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8) Seminar (presentasi hasil),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 708, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9) Finalisasi model, dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 722, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10) Pelaporan. Menurut Mursal, 2011 dalam Asmani, 2012: 62-63, terdapat empat strategi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[51]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "implementasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajran berbasis keunggulan lokal, yaitu sebagai berikut: 1. Tahap inventarisasi keunggulan lokal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 222, "height": 107, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi seluruh keunggulan lokal yang ada di daerah. Keunggulan lokal diinventarisasi dari setiap aspek sumber daya manusia, sumber daya alam, geografis, sejarah, dan budaya yang dapat dilakukan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara atau studi literatur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 225, "width": 223, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tahap analisis kesiapan satuan pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap ini pendidik atau tim yang ditugaskan sekolah menganalisis semua kelebihan/keunggulan internal dan eksternal satuan pendidikan yang dilihat dari berbagai aspek dengan cara mengelompokkan keunggulan yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 223, "height": 107, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tahap penentuan tema dan jenis keunggulan lokal Tahap ini mempertimbangkan tiga hal, yaitu: (1) hasil inventarisasi potensi keunggulan lokal yang bernilai komparatif dan kompetitif, (2) hasil analisis internal dan eksternal satuan pendidikan, serta (3) minat dan bakat peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 223, "height": 177, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tahap implementasi lapangan Tahap implementasi lapangan harus disesuaikan dengan kemampuan masing- masing satuan pendidikan, mengacu pada hasil analisis factor eksternal dan internal, hasil inventarisasi potensi keunggulan lokal, minat serta bakat peserta didik. Selain itu, harus memperhatikan kompetensi yang telah dikembangkan atau diterapkan.lebih baik yang dipilih adalah keunggulan lokal yang dominan pada elemen skill (keterampilan), sehingga PBKL bisa dilaksanakan melalui mata pelajaran keterampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 653, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 667, "width": 223, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Majalengka memiliki potensi keunggulan lokal yang sangat tinggi untuk dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran biologi, keunggulan lokal seperti objek wisata panyaweuyan, curug Cipeuteuy, Situ Sangiang, objek wisata petilasan Prabu Siliwangi, agrowisata durian sinapeul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 73, "width": 223, "height": 343, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembibitan hortikultura dan lain-lain dapat diangkat pada tema-tema biologi seperti ekologi, plantae, vertebrata dan invertebrate, sel dan jaringan dan sebagainya. Implementasi pembelajaran biologi berbasis keunggulan lokal (1) mempersiapkan materi sesuai dengan kondisi budaya masyarakat yang akan diamati; (2) membuat bahan ajar yang disesuaikan dengan dengan kebudayaan lokal setempat; (3) merancang skenario pembelajaran yang akan digunakan selaras dengan tuntunan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah dirumuskan bersama antara guru, masyarakat (komite sekolah), pejabat pendidikan setempat dan komponen lainnya; (4) pemilihan metode dan media pengajaran yang menuntut siswa untuk mampu mengkombinasikan kebudayaan lokal dengan konsep pelajaran yag dipelajarinya disekolah; (5) pembelajaran dapat dimulai dengan memberikan tugas yang relevan. Bahan ajar yang dapat dengan pembelajaran biologi berbasis keunggulan lokal Kabupaten Majalengka antara lain seperti buku, modul, RPP, LKS, poster dan lain-lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 429, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 448, "width": 222, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad, I. Khoiru. 2012. Mengembangkan Pendidikan Berbasis Keunggulan Lokal Dalam KTSP. Jakarta: Prestasi Pustaka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 504, "width": 223, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amri, S, dkk. 2012. Mengembangkan Pendidikan berbasis Keunggulan Lokal dalam KTSP. Jakarta : Prestasi Pustakarya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 570, "width": 223, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asmani, Jamal Ma’mur. 2012. Pendidikan Berbasis Keunggulan Lokal . Yogjakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 600, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": DIVA Press", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 627, "width": 167, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://nandangbaret.blogspot.com https://majalengkakab.go.id/profil- majalengka-2/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 682, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 710, "width": 218, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://www.wisatajabar.com/2016/05/curug- cipeuteuy-majalengka-objek-wisata.html", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 38, "width": 448, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Bio Educatio, Volume 3, Nomor 1, April 2018, hlm. 43-52 ISSN: 2541-2280", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 782, "width": 23, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[52]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 214, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://pusatpenangkaranbibitmangga.blogspot.co m/2014/04/bibit-mangga-majalengka-bibit- mangga.html", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 124, "width": 223, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mumpuni, Kristantia Elok. (2013). Potensi Keunggulan Lokal Berbasis Karakter dalam Pendidikan Biologi di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 166, "width": 201, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Seminar Nasional Biologi X Pendidikan Biologi UNS . http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/pro sbio/article/view/3137", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 235, "width": 223, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prasetyo, Zuhdan Kun. 2013. Pembelajaran Sains Berbasis Kearifan Lokal .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 262, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogyakarta : Seminar Nasional Fisika", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 276, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan Pendidikan Fisika .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 222, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahidin. 2006. Metode Pendidikan Ilmu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 317, "width": 195, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan Alam . Bandung: Sangga Buana.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 380, "top": 36, "width": 184, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103-115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 782, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 155, "top": 150, "width": 304, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LPM IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik Bangka Belitung https://jurnal.lp2msasbabel.ac.id/index.php/sus ISSN 2655-0695 (Online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 207, "width": 514, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Memikirkan Kembali Strategi Mengajar Dosen: Analisis Terhadap Mahasiswa Pendiam Pada Diskusi Kelas di IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik, 2016", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 241, "width": 484, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rethinking The Lecturer’s Teaching Strategies Analysis the silent student IN the Class Discussionin IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik, 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 285, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noblana Adib", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 299, "width": 266, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik bangka Belitung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 326, "width": 519, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract Keywords: Lecturer, learning strategies, the silent students The silent students in the class discussions. What is the cause, is it because they are not confident in front of their classmates or their lecturers? How do they see lecturers, as people, who will help them learn, or as people who will embarrass them in thelecture. What should be the right learning strategy, how lecturers should help students to be active in class. Meanwhile, the students are not elementary school students, but the adults who studies in the college. They should be more courageous in expressing their opinions in various class discussions. This study argues the more harmonious the relationship between lecturers and students is, the more successful students are in completing their studies, and the more professional the lecturers are", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 220, "top": 466, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 484, "width": 336, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mahasiswa pendiam atau pasif dalam diskusi kelas. Apakah penyebabnya, apakah karena tidak percaya diri di depan teman sekelasnya atau dosennya. Bagaiamana mereka melihat dosen, sebagai orang yang akan membantu mereka belajar, atau sebagai orang yang akan mempermalukan mereka di kelas. Bagaimana semestinya strategi pembelajaran yang tepat, bagaimana dosen harus membantu mahasiswanya agar aktif di kelas. Sementara itu, mahasiswa bukan siswa SD, melainkan orang dewasa yang belajar di perguruan tinggi. Seharusnya mereka lebih berani mengemukakan pendapatnya dalam berbagai diskusi di kelas. Studi ini berargumen semakin harmonis hubungan dosen dan mahasiswa semakin sukses mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan studinya, dan semakin professional dosen tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 665, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Korespondensi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 678, "width": 206, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noblana Adib, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 484, "width": 105, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Dosen, strategipembelajaran, mahasiswapendiam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 83, "width": 520, "height": 172, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu wacana yang paling bertahan lama dalam praktek pendidikan adalah gambaran mengenai mahasiswa yang kurang berprestasi dan pendiam atau pasif dalam diskusi kelas. Sebagaimana observasi yang dilakukan ditemukan kejadian berikut. Ketika dosen meminta salah satu kelompok yang sudah ditentukan untuk mempresentasikan makalah di depan kelas. Kelompok yang berjumlah 5 orang mahasiswa yaitu Lia, Anita, Imam, Joni, dan Karno (bukan nama sebenarnya) Ketika diskusi berlangsung Karno sebagai ketua kelompok mulai mempresentasikan makalah kelompok mereka dalam waktu 5-7 menit. Kemudian Lia juga menambahkan penjelasan mengenai materi yang mereka bahas di dalam makalah. Ketika Lia presentasi Karno member tanda/kode ketiga teman kelompoknya, apakah akan menambahkan penjelasan yang diberikan Lia. Namun ketiganya menunduk, menggeleng, dan member kode bahwa tidak akan menambahkan penjelasan. Singkat cerita diskusi berkembang keranah Tanya jawab, ketika akan menjawab pertanyaan kembali ketiga mahasiswa selain Lia dan Karno terdiam, tidak mampu memberikan pendapat mengenai materi yang didiskusikan dalam makalah. Akhirnya terlihat wajah Lia yang kecewa karena partisipasi yang kurang dari teman sekelompoknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 257, "width": 518, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi yang di lakukan Oleh Douglas E. Foley, tentang The Silent Indian as a Cultural Production menceritakan bagaimana antropolog pendidikan menjelaskan tentang kebisuan siswa Indian di ruang kelas, ketika ia sekolah yang didominasi orang kulit putih. Sejumlah antropolog pendidikan mendokumentasikan bagaimana guru kulit putih cepat membaca keheningan orang Indian sebagai bukti motivasi rendah, kurangnya kompetensi dalam bahasa Inggris, atau lebih buruk lagi, kemampuan kognitif rendah, ini menyebabkan guru kulit putih menurunkan harapan mereka untuk siswa Indian dan mengurangi keterlibatan mereka dalam kegiatan di kelas. Temuan-temuan antropologis ini menambah konfirmasi lebih jauh pada penjelasan bahwa dalam proses pendidikan sekolah terjadi kegagalan (Doglas E. Foley, 1995, p. 205–207; Foley, 1996, p. 83)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 378, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengapa mahasiswa diam di kelas. Apakah mereka tidak ingin terlibat dalam diskusi kelas. Apakah mereka tidak paham dengan materi yang didiskusikan, apakah mereka tidak mengerti, apakah mereka benar-benar tidak memiliki pendapat, apakah mereka tidak tahu caranya menyampaikan pendapat, apakah mereka takut salah, apakah mereka takut dengan dosen, apakah mereka pemalu, apakah mereka memang pendiam, apakah mereka bodoh. Apakah mereka bosan di kelas, apakah mereka malas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 445, "width": 518, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyak pertanyaan yang diajukan mempertanyakan kenapa para mahasiswa menjadi pendiam ketika diskusi di kelas mengenai materi pelajaran. Dalam pendidikan di perguruan tinggi mahasiswa tetap dituntut belajar dengan baik, dan memberikan kemampuan mereka, mahasiswa yang pasif dalam diskusi kelas berakibat menghambat proses pembelajaran di ruang kelas. Artikel ini ingin mengajak kita semua para pemerhati pendidikan untuk melihat sisi lain dari kenapa mahasiswa menjadi pendiam di kelas. Artikel ini juga ingin membicarakan startegi dan metode yang bias dilakukan sebagai dosen/pendidik/guru, dalam usaha menciptakan kelas-kelas yang menyenangkan bagi mahasiswa. Kemudian para pengelola perguruan tinggi perlu mendorong upaya peningkatan kualifikasi tenaga dosen dengan tip-tip mengajar menyenangkan sebagai penyegaran dari rutinitas mengajar dan mengejar target materi. Selain memperbaiki dan menambah fasilitas yang memadai agar kualitas sumber daya dapat ditingkatkan sehingga secara otomatis akan mendoron gpeningkatan mutu pendididkan di perguruan tinggi.(Asmawi, 2005, p. 71)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 613, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siswa Pendiam dan Tuduhan Terhadapnya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 627, "width": 518, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian mengenai siswa Indian di Amerika ketika masuk kelas menjadi pendiam lebih lanjut menjadi perdebatan diantara para guru, menurut Foley siswa Indian yang duduk secara pasif dan diam di ruang kelas kulit putih. Kemudian banyak dari para guru menjelaskan bahwa diamnya siswa Indian adalah karena rasa malu, rasa tidak percaya diri, sakit punggung, kurangnya kemampuan bahasa Inggris dan karena kemalasan. Kemudian lebih jauh diagnosa para guru, pendiamnya siswa Indian di kelas adalah akibat memburuknya moral orang Indian. Namun kontradiksi dengan penjelasan guru-guru tersebut, beberapa guru yang berpandangan libral menekankan bahwa orang Indian mengalami penindasan dalam banyak hal, termasuk pendidikan, (Freire, 2013, p. 46) dan mereka belajar untuk menjadi sebuah kegagalan dalam system rasis yang tidak member celah hidup bagi mereka. Kemudian beberapa guru tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyarankan ide pendekatan pendidikan multicultural (J. Banks, 2004, pp. 3–29; Suryana & Rusdiana, 2015, p. 319) adalah yang terbaik bagi siswa Indian. Namun tetap ada banyak guru yang berpendapat bahwa diamnya siswa Indian di kelas karena deficit budaya dan bahasa (Foley, 1996, p. 82)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 110, "width": 518, "height": 172, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Foley mengemukakan selain sebagai siswa pendiam di kelas, ada beberapa infomasi yang ditemukan Foley mengenai siswa Indian. Foley menginformasikan bahwa para pejabat pemerintah di bidang pendidikan walaupun telah memberikan kebijakan mengenai pendidikan bagi suku Indian untuk mendapatkan pendidikan, namun dalam prakteknya orang tua siswa Indian, harus berperang melawan birokrasi yaitu Bureau of Indian Affairs dan pemimpin local untuk mendapatkan pendidikan bagi anak mereka. Kemudian disisi lain, banyak juga siswa remaja suku Indian, yang terlibat pergaulan buruk seperti minum dan putus sekolah. Foley menyebutkan walaupun siswa suku Indian melihat kenakalan atau menjadi bagian dari pergaulan yang buruk, tetap saja siswa Indian menjadi pendiam, di ruang kelas yang penuh siswa kulit putih. Namun penelitian lebih lanjut yang dilakukan ditemukan siswa Indian ketika bermain di taman bermain atau di kolam renang mereka lebih sering terlibat pertengkaran, kemampuan mereka membela diri bahkan sama sekali tidak menunjukan bahwa mereka siswa-siswa pendiam. Namun jika itu terjadi di ruangan yang dikontrol oleh orang kulit putih, seperti ruang kelas, siswa Indian langsung menjadi anak pendiam (Foley, 1996, p. 84)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 284, "width": 518, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apa yang terjadi terhadap siswa Indian di sekolah yang di dominasi siswa kulit putih, memang tidak bias disamakan dengan mahasiswa Indonesia, yang berada di ruang kelas sebuah perguruan tinggi, menjadi terdiam ketika diminta pendapat tentang makalah yang sedang dipresentasikan. Berikut hasil wawancara penulis dengan beberapa mahasiswa. Dari dua mahasiswa perempuan yang penulis wawancara mengapa mereka sulit untuk mengeluarkan pendapat di kelas, mereka menjawab karena tidak percaya diri. Menurut keduanya mahasiswa yang biasa memberikan pendapat itu biasanya mahasiswa laki-laki dan dia terlihat benar dan keren ketika memaparkan pendapatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 378, "width": 518, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian, ada juga pendapat yang mengatakan “saya tidak tau dan tidak mengerti bahkan belum membaca.”Karena itu saya tidak bias memberikan pendapat saya. Tapi walau saya memiliki ide dalam otak saya, atau punya pendapat, saya tetap tidak akan menunjuk tangan dan memberikan pendapat. Kemudian ada lagi yang menjawab: “seketika semua melihat saya, tiba-tiba napas saya hilang, tangan saya bergetar, saya bingung mau bicara apa, tapi saya mengucapkan beberapa kata yang saya juga tidak paham maksudnya, saya tidak akan pernah berani lagi untuk mencoba berbicara di kelas. Sangat memalukan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 459, "width": 518, "height": 118, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena jawaban yang paling penulis banyak dapatkan adalah kurangnya rasa percayadiri, maka penulis menanyakan mengapa tidak percaya diri, apa penyebabnya. Satu dari 4 mahasiswa yang penulis wawancara menjawab, sejak Sekolah Menengah, saya memang tidak pintar, ditambah saya tidak pernah mencoba, saya takut terlihat bodoh, terutama di kelas dosen A, saya khawati rmelihat air mukanya melihat saya. Saya lanjutkan pertanyaan saya, memang kenapa air mukanya. Keempat mahasiswa ini saling berpandangan. Mereka menjawab dengan tidak jelas, jika kau melihat expresinya (dosen A) terhadap jawaban kami di kelas, maka anda akan paham. Senyum Dosen A. itu sangat tidak meyakinkan jika jawaban kita benar. Jadi jawaban kalian salah, mereka serentak menjawab, kami juga tidak yakin apa kah jawaban kami benar atau salah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 580, "width": 518, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wawancara penulis perluas dengan bertanya kepada mahasiswa yang mengalami ujian proposal atau skripsi, bagaimana mereka menjawab pertanyaan seputar skripsi mereka, mahasiswa ini ada yang menjawab, saya jadi tidak percaya diri, apakah proses berpikir saya benar, kenapa jadi salah semua, saya jadi tidak berani berbicara lagi. Sepertinya semuanya salah semua. Namun diantara itu ada beberapa mahasiswa menjawab tidak perlu untuk dipikirkan, yang penting sudah diperbaiki, dosen juga besok udah lupa dan tidak memperhatikan sedetail itu ketika perbaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 660, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Foley menceritakan pengalaman etnografinya berkunjung ke suku Indian, yaitu suku Mesquakis, dan menemui Lee Kingfisher, ketua suku tersebut. Foley menanyakan kenapa dia dan orang dari sukunya menjadi pendiam di kelas, Lee Kingfisher, menjawab dengan pertanyaan juga ketika kamu dan orang-orang mu pergi ke tempat baru, apakah kamu berbicara sama banyak jika kamu bersama keluargamu? Foley pada awalnya terdiam, kemudian menjawab, “Kenapa tidak,” Lee menjelaskan jika kamu sadar itu adalah situasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang sangat baru. Setiap orang yang punya indra berpikir, akan sedikit memelankan langkah untuk melihat keadaan sehingga kamu tau bagaimana kamu harus bertindak. (Foley, 1996, p. 86)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 96, "width": 518, "height": 172, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini Foley mengemukakan, ketika ia pikir, sudah cukup mendengarkan cerita-cerita tentang siswa suku Indian, Mesquakis, di sekolah, ia berkesimpulan, bahwa ada beberapa hal yang berbeda, yang bias dipahami, terlepas dari kekuatan budaya dan politik yang membuat para siswa Indian bersikap. Bahwa siswa Indian, tetap Individu yang unik (dalam arti anpositif), memang menurut Foley cerita yang diadapatkan tidak semuanya mencerikan tentang cerita kepahlawanan siswa Indian ketika di sekolah, namun lebih pada cerita mengenai kemarahan, pemberontakan, dengan peraturan dan strotip di sekolah. Kemudian, menurt Foley dari jumlah wawancara yang dialakukan di dapat informasi, bahwa beberapa dari siswa ini ternyata mereka takut terdengar bodoh, kemudian bahwa bahasa inggris mereka buruk atau bahwa mereka bodoh dan kurang informasi, kemudian yang lainnya merasa berbeda dan merasa tergangu dari pada termotivasi. (Foley, 1996, pp. 86–89) Hasil penelitian Foley, membuka wacana baru kenapa mahasiswa menjadi pendiam di kelas. Sesungguhnya tidak juga dapat dikatakan sama, tapi tidak jauh berbeda, hasil wawancara yang saya lakukan terhadap beberapa mahasiswa, bahwa penyebab mereka terdiam di diskusi kelas adalah tidak percaya diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 284, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isu Budaya dalam Pendidikan: Boundaries dan Borders.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 298, "width": 518, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teori budaya yang digunakan untuk menganalisis mahasiswa yang pendiam ketika diskusi di kelas dalam konteks proses pembelajaran adalah budaya sebagai batasan (cultural border or cultural boundary). Sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Erikson border adalah sebuah garis yang memisah kandua wilayah politik atau geografis, terutama negara-negara. Sedangkan boundary garis yang menandai batas area; garis pemisah. (Frederick Erickson, 2004, p. 40) Contoh Amerika dan Mexico adalah dua negara yang berbatasan langsung bagi penduduk yang tinggal di perbatasan sangat penting menguasai kedua bahasa, sebagai pengetahuan dan juga untuk memahami budaya negara tetangga. Namun bagi penduduk yang tinggal jauh dari perbatasan mempelajari bahasa negara tetangga itu tidak begitu bermanfaat. (Frederick Erickson, 2004, p. 44)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 419, "width": 518, "height": 132, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Contoh lain yang dikemukakan Erikson adalah di Algeria ketika merdeka dari Francis, para pejuang kemerdekaannya mengajukan protes keras ketika Radio Algaria masih menggunakan bahasa Francis dalam menyampaikan berita. Di sini Bahasa sebagai issu cultural border . Akhirnya radio Algaria pun kembali mengundara dengan menggunakan bahasa Algeria. Setelah bertahun-tahun bahasa radio Algaria mengunakan bahasa France kemudian diganti dengan cepat menjadi bahasa Algeria sehingga hilanglah complain mengenai ini dari masyarakat, maka masalah cultural border berubah dengan cepat menjadi masalah cultural boundary . (Frederick Erickson, 2004, p. 42) Erikson mengatakan dalam berbagai kasus kehadiran perbedaan budaya dalam masarakat tidak selalu mengarah pada konflik, begitu juga dalam pendidikan seharusnya tidak menjadi konflik. Kehadiran konflik tergantung pada apakah perbedaan budaya diperlakukan sebagai batas atau sebagai perbatasan. (Barth, 1969, pp. 1–8; Giroux, 1991, pp. 15–16)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 553, "width": 518, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian mengaitkan teori ini dengan permasalahan yang saya kemukakan di atas, bagaimana siswa mengatakan bahwa dia tidak percaya diri, dan jika ditanya lebih lanjut ada jawaban yang sangat menganggu dari mahasiswa yang menjadi responden, yaitu mereka khawatir dengan air muka dan senyum Dosen. Tapi ketika ditanya apakah dosen itu menyalah kan jawaban mereka, mereka tidak yakin, tapi itu membuat mereka tidak percaya diri, malu, dan takut terlihat bodoh di kelas. Akibatnya mereka tidak mau memberikan pendapat ketika diskusi kelas. Kemudian, satu mahasiswa, mengatakan di setiap kelas dia memang yang paling pendiam, berikut penjelasaanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 647, "width": 482, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pernah pada suatuwaktu, ketikaa dadosen yang menunjuk saya berbicara, yang terjadi adalah sangat memalukan. Teman baik saya menuliskan jawaban di kertas. Kemudian karena sebenarnya saya tidak mengerti, saya pun berulang-ulang membacanya, jadi sangat terlihat itu tidak benar. Sebenarnya lagi teman-teman di kelas telah mengetahui kelemahan saya, jadi mereka tidak bertanya lebih lanjut mengenai jawaban saya. Dosen juga terlihat ingin marah, namun melupakannya saja. Tetapi pada waktu itu saya telah bicara di kelas, dan hari itua dalah hari yang buruk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 83, "width": 518, "height": 118, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian Foley dikemukakan bahwa guru-guru kulit putih melihat siswa Indian yang di pendiam dan menilai mereka dengan keterlambatan belajar, dan kebodohan dan moral yang buruk. Sehingga yang terjadi adalah siswa Indian, semakin yakin mereka tidak fit in (cocok) di dunia kelaskuli tputih. Maka yang terjadi pada mahasiswa-mahasiswa ini, dengan dosen dan teman-teman sekelasnya. Ini terjadi cultural border, yaitu anggapan bahwa dosen dan teman-teman yang bias berdiskusi sesuatu yang out of their reach , sehingga mereka memberikan border , bagi dosen dan bagi teman-teman yang ingin membantu, menjadi konflik jika mereka akhirnya, menjauh diam dalam keheningan mereka, dan membuat mereka akhirnya sulit untuk menyelesaikan studi karena hilang kepercayaan dengan dosen, dan yakin bahwa mereka adalah produk kegagalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 224, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Dosen Sebagai Course-Manager", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 237, "width": 518, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melihat hasil temuan di atas, berbagai ahli pendidikan fokus pada stretegi pembelajaran aktif yang diperuntukan bagi dosen dalam mengajar, berikut adalah sarjana yang peduli dibidang ini, banyak berbicara tips untuk menanggulangi masalah di atas dengan berbagai model, strategi dan teknik mengajar. (Abdul Majid, 2014, pp. 3–32; Angelo & Cross, 2005, p. 45; Cruickshank et al., 2006, p. 44; Dallmann-Jones et al., 1979, p. 5; McKeachie & Svinicki, 2016, p. 34; Renner, 1993, p. 7; Silberman, 1996, pp. 1–7; Trianto Ibnu Badar Al-Tabany, 2009, pp. 179–199; Zaini et al., 2009, pp. iii–iv).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 318, "width": 518, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebelum menjelaskan apa itu strategi pembelajaran, penulis membahas terlebih dahulu mengenai posisi strategi diantara metode. Mengutip Kemp dan Dick dan Carey, Listya Arisanti menyebutkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran adalah suatu kegiatan pembelajaran yang harus dikerjakan guru dan siswa agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai secara efektif dan efisien. Gambaran kompleks dari strategi pembelajaran lebih terlihat pada difinisi Dick dan Carey yang menyatakan bahwa strategi pembelajaran adalah suatu set materi dan prosedur pembelajaran yang digunakan secara bersama-sama untuk menimbulkan hasil belajar pada siswa, dimana set materi dan prosedur itu sendiri terdiri dari beberapa komponen, yaitu: Kegiatanpra-instruksional, penyajian informasi, partisipasi mahasiswa dan dan tes. Startegi pembelajaran merupakan upaya dosen sebagai perencana pembelajaran dalam menentukan teknik penyampaian, metode, dan media, alur belajar dan interaksi anatara–pembelajar dan pembelajar untuk diintegrasikan seluruhnya sesuai kondisi belajar siswa hingga tercipta pembelajaran yang efektif dan efisien sesuai tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan. (Arisanti, 2016, pp. 108–109)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 479, "width": 518, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, Abdul Majid mengemukakan dengan detail bagaimana memisahkan mana startegi dan mana metode dalam proses pembelajaran. (Abdul Majid, 2014, pp. 3–32) Majid berhasil mencermati upaya pengembangan pembelajaran yang sedang dikembangkan para guru dan dosen. Saat ini banyak model pembelajaran namun untuk pengimplementasiannya masih dirasa sulit menemukan sumber-sumber literaturnya. Majid menjelaskan berbagai strategi pembelajaran yang diawali dengan menjelaskan pemahamannya terhadap konsep startegi pembelajaran, Majid juga memberikan begitu banyak contoh, adalah dengan maksud para guru akan kreatif memilih strategi yang tepat sesuai dengan kebutuhan kondisi nyata yang dihadapi, sehingga pada gilirannya muncul model-model pembelajaanversi guru. (Abdul Majid, 2014, pp. iii–iv)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 600, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 620, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Antara Strategi dan MetodePembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 644, "width": 62, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Metode", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah strategi mengajar terkadang dibingungkan dengan istilah metode mengajar. Setiap metode yang kita gunakan selalu dipilih dan diarahkan seefektif mungkin untuk melayani tujuan kita dalam menghadirkan mata ajar. Setiap metode yang digunakan menunjukkan suatu cara tertentu untuk menyajikan muatan/konten tertentu dari sebuah kurikulum mata ajar. Sebaliknya, strategi dipilih dan digunakan tidak hanya untuk penyajian yang efektif dari bahan ajar tertentu, melainkan untuk merelisasikan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya pula. Dalam hal ini strategi memiliki makna yang lebih komprehensif dalam ruang lingkupnya dan strukturnya dibandingkan dengan suatu metode. Berikut adalah berbeda anantara keduanya. (Gambar 1).(Abdul Majid, 2014, p. 34)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 177, "width": 518, "height": 51, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun perbedaan strategi dengan metode pembelajaran adalah bahwa strategi mengajar bias berarti rencana, cara dan upaya tertentu khususnya yang dibuat dan digunakan oleh guru untuk memandu, mengarahkan dan menunjukkan jalan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merealisasikan seperangkat tujuan belajar mengajar/pembelajaran. (Gambar 2)(Abdul Majid, 2014, p. 35)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 244, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 264, "width": 444, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterhubungan dan wilayah kajian model, strategi, metode dan teknikpembelajaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 487, "width": 518, "height": 145, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Murti K. Wirasti mengemukakan dosen yang mengampu perkuliahan ( course-manager) , yaitu orang yang memilih latar pengetahuan terhadap sebuah mata kuliah atau kompetensi yang harus dikuasai oleh mahasiswa. Dosen harus memiliki keterbukaan sikap terhadap berbagai macam platform yang ada dan mampu menganalisis berbagai kebutuhan belajar yang akan dilakukan selama pembelajaran. Dosen adalah orang yang terbuka terhadap perubahan paradigm belajar dari teacher-centered ke student center, bahwa dosen bukanlah satu-satunya sumber belajar. Dosen tidak akan mampu memindahkan seluruh pengetahuannya hanya di dalam kelas, atau melalaui handout yang ditulisnya saja. Sikap terbuka dan kesedian untuk memandang bahwa yang adalah mahasiswa, akan mengakui paradigm berorientasi mahasiswa ( student-centered ) sebagai titik tolak penentuan analisis materi ajar. (Wirasti, 2013, pp. 108–109) Menurut Wirasti, dosen yang berparadigma student-centered, maka akan bias membantu mahasiswa dengan baik dalam belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 635, "width": 518, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barbara Gross Davis menulis dengan sangat detail dalam bukunya mengenai strategi-strategi umum yang bias dilakukan seorang dosen, menurut Davis strategi yang bias dilakukan dosen dalam mengajar adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 675, "width": 514, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tentukanlah persiapaan apa yang perlu mahasiswa anda lakukan sebelum mengambil kelas anda. Lakukan analisis tentang bagaimana mata kuliah anda terkait dengan perkuliahan lain di tingkat yang lebih rendah dan lebih tinggi di department/jurusan anda. Dalam diskripsi dan silabus mata kuliah anda serta dalam perkuliahan di kelas yang pertama, jelaskanlah tentang pengetahuan atau keterampilan apa yang harus sudah mahasiswa miliki untuk dapat berhasil di perkuliahan anda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 312, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Broad", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 415, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Specific", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 752, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 69, "width": 514, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Berikanlah ujian awal pada mahasiswa untuk membantu mereka menentukan apakah dirinya siap atau tidak untuk mengikuti mata kuliah anda. Pada pertemuan kelas yang pertama, berikanlah sebuah ujian awala ( pre-test ) di kelas atau online , tugaskanlah untuk membuat contoh tulisan, atau berikanlah tugas perkenalan yang meencakup materi/bahan yang anda harapkan untuk mahasiswa ketahui. Arahkanlah para mahasiswa yang kurang siap pada matakuliah atau sumberdaya lainnya, atau berikanlah mereka tugas pelengkap di awal semester. Jika mahasiswa yang tidak siap tetap ingin mengambil perkuliahan anda, ingatlah mereka bahwa merekalah yang bertanggungjaw untuk ketertinggalannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 163, "width": 514, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Mengajarlah pada tingkatan/level yang Anda harapkan untuk dirai hmahasiswa. Pada kebanyakan kelas di program pendidikan sarjana, anda akan menginginkan untuk mengajar pada tingkatan/level mahasiswa yang tergolongkategori B. jika ragu, adalah lebih baik bagian daun tuk memandang lebih ( over estimate ) dari pada merendahkan ( under estimate ) tingkatan/level kelas. Para mahasiswa cenderung untuk belajar lebih banyak ketika perkuliahan dilaksanakan tepat di atas tingkatan/level nyaman mereka (Davis, 2013, p. 97)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 244, "width": 518, "height": 199, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut Davis juga menjelaskan mengenai bagaimana dosen agar dapat mengawasi Pembelajaran mahasiswa yaitu Pertama, datanglah awal untuk kelas, gunakanlah waktu sebelum kelas dimulai untuk berbincang dengan para mahasiswa tentang sebaiknya apa pemahaman mereka terhadap materi perkuliahan dan untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan yang mungkin mereka miliki terkait sesi terakhir sebelumnya atau dari tugas rumah yang diberikan. Kedua; ajukan pertanyaan-pertannyaan selama di kelas . Mengajukan pertanyaan-pertannyan tentang konsep dan topic kunci akan membantu anda dalam menilai apakah para mahasiswa dapat mengikuti perkuliahan atau justru tertinggal. Mintalah mahasiswa untuk memberikan definisi (arti) hubungan (asosiasi), dan aplikasi dari topik-topik yang ada, atau minta mahasiswa untuk menyebutkan dua atau tiga konsep kunci atau pikiran utama dari sesi hari itu. Ketiga, kenalilah siapa yang berbicara di kelas . Apakah mahasiswa yang terkuat mendominasi diskusi? Jika ya, pastikanlah untuk mengarahkan komentar dan pertanyaan anda untuk seluruh mahasiswa di kelas, dan ajukan pertanyaan lanjutan dari semua mahasiswa. Keempat, amatilah tanda-tanda non-bahasa (non- verbal) . Jika anda melihat mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam mencatat atau duduk dengan wajah kosong atau kebingungan berhentilah menjelaskan dan katakan. “saya sepertinya mulai kehilangan beberapa di antara kalian; coba saya jelaskan hal ini dengan cara lainnya.”(Davis, 2013, pp. 94–95)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 445, "width": 517, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak hanya yang dikemukakan di atas, Davis juga menjelaskan tips untuk membantu mahasiswa yang memiliki kesulitan belajar/berdiskusi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 472, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Di awal perkuliahan, identifikasilah para mahasiswa yang harus berjuang lebih keras.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 486, "width": 449, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Mintalahwaktuuntukbertemudenganmahasiswa yang hasilkaryatulisatauujuannyarendah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 499, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Cobalah untuk menentukan sumber kusulitan mahasiswa: Sember kesulitan belajar mahasiswa tentu saja banyak di luar kendali seorang dosen, tetapi mungkin anda mampu untuk membantu mereka yang sering menunda pekerjaan dan mereka yang memiliki kemampuan manajemen waktu yang buruk, dengan menambahkan lebih banyak struktur atau memberi jangka waktu yang segera dalam pekerjaan tugas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 566, "width": 518, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Siapkan bahan-bahan pendukung, jika beberapa mahasiswa merasa bacaan yang ditugaskan dianggap terlalu sulit/menantang, rekomendasikanlah teks-teks lainnya yang menjelaskan konsep yang dipelajari dalam cara yang berbeda. Persiapkanlah atau berilah perhatian pada daftar istilah (glosarium) yang mencakup defines isingkat dan contoh-contoh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 620, "width": 518, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Pertahankanlah sesi kaji ulang dalam jam kerja. Daripada memperlambat kelas, undanglah para mahasiswa yang memiliki kesulitan dengan topic tertentu untuk bertemu demi melakukan pengkajian ulang secara berkelompok selama jam kerja anda, jadwalkan peminjaman ruang kelas jika kantor anda terlalu kecil.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 674, "width": 518, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Tunjukanlah pada mahasiswa bagaimana untuk mengerjakan tugas yang anda tetapkan bagi seluruh mahasiswa di kelas. Mahasiswa seringkali membutuhkan saran tentang keterampilan yang spesifik (bagaimana cara membaca artikel jurnal secara kritis, dan bagaimana cara membaca topic ketosis ketika sedang menulis sebuah makalah)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 752, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Bagikan karya tulis mahasiswa yang anda nilai terbaik. Hal ini dapat membantu mahasiswa mengetahui standar yang menjadi harapan anda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 96, "width": 518, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Doronglah mahasiswa yang telah berhasil mengatasi kesulitan akademiknya untuk membantu mahasiswa yang masih mengalami kesulitan. (Davis, 2013, p. 97)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 123, "width": 518, "height": 119, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Antusiasme dan kemauan mahasiswa untuk berpartisipasi memengaruhi kualitas dari diskusi kelas. Tantangan bagi anda adalah bagaimana untuk melibatkan mahasiswa, memastikan mereka terus saling bicara satu sama lain, dan membantu mereka mengembangkan pemahaman terhadap materinya. Sering terjadi dalam diskusi akan kemungkinan berubahnya diskusi menjadi diskusi semu, debat dimana mahasiswa berbicara, tetapi tidak mengembangkan maupun mengkritik posisinya sendiri. Dua bentuk umum dari diskusi semu adalah “pertunjukan kuis” (dimana pengajar/ dosennya yang memiliki jawaban benar) dan sesi omong kosong (yang dicirikan dengan omongan klise, pelabelan, stereotype, generalisasi kosong dan pembicaran tak bertujuan. Partisipasi kelas cenderung meningkat hubungan baik dengan anggota kelas laiinya. (Davis, 2013, p. 111; Sangalang, 1985, p. 70)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 244, "width": 518, "height": 253, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran-saran sebagai berikut dimaksudkan untuk membantu anda menciptakan sebuah kelas dimana para mahasiswanya merasa nyaman untuk menguji dan membagikan pemikiran mereka: Strategi-strategi umumya itu kenalilah mahasiswa anda, aturlah tempat duduk yang lebih memungkinkan terjadinya diskusi, pastikan para mahasiswa itu yakin duduk diantara teman-temannya. Bantulah mahasisiwa menyingkirkan asumsi-assumsi yang salah terkait pertisipassi di kelas. Kemudianan startegi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi mahasiswa yaitu ciptakanlah kesempatan bagi semua mahasiswa untuk berbicara dalam kelas selama dua minggu pertama. Batasailah komentar anda sebagai dosen. (Davis, 2013, pp. 112–113) Kemudian untuk menjaga keberlangsungan diskusi jalinlah hubungan baik dengan mahasiswa, bawalah komentar mahasiswa diluar kelas kedalam kelas, jika mahasiswa membuat komentar yang bagus di luar kelas tanyakan apakah dia bersedia untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya di kelas. Gunakanlah petunjuk non-verbal untuk mendorong partisipasi. Tersenyumlah saat diharapkan dan mengangguklah ketika mahasiswa berbicara. Pertahankanlah kontak mata dengan para mahasiswa. Tunjukanlah tampilan yang santai dan tertarik. Tariklah semua mahasiswa kedalam diskusi. Anda dapat melibatkan lebih banyak mahasiswa dengan menanyakan apakah mereka setuju atau tidak dengan apa yang baru saja disampaikan atau apakah ada yang dapat memberikan contoh lainnya untuk mendukung atau menyanggah sebuah pemikiran/poin: “bagaimana perasaan yang lain tentang hal tersebut (yang barudikatakan)? Atauapakah ada di antara mereka yang belum berbicara sedari tadi yang mau berkomentar. (Davis, 2013, p. 114)Kemudian berilah dorongan khusus bagi mahasiswa pendiam untuk membantu para mahasiswa seperti ini, anda dapat mencoba strategi-strategi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 499, "width": 328, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bntuklah diskusi kelompok kecil (dua hingga empat mahasiswa)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 513, "width": 518, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ajukanlah pertanyaan sehari-hari yang tidak memiliki satu jawaban benar: apakah yang paling kamu ingat dari bacaan tersebut? Ataua rtikel yang manakah yang menurutmu paling mudah di pahami.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 540, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Berikanlah tugas kecil yang khusus bagi mahasiswa yang pendiam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 553, "width": 518, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tingkatkanlah kepercayaan diri mahasiswa dengan menuliskan komentar-komenta rmereka di papan tulis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 580, "width": 518, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Berdiri atau duduklah di sebelah mahasiswa yang belum berkontribusi, kedekatan anda dapat menarik mahasiswa yang enggan untuk berpartisipasi dalam diskusi. (Davis, 2013, p. 114)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 607, "width": 518, "height": 78, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian, batasi mahasiswa yang memonopoli diskusi, dan strategi yang terakhir adalah perbaikilah jawaban yang salah dengan taktis. Setiap bentuk pengabaian atau ketidak setujuan akan mengahambat mahasiswa dari keaktifan berbicara. Oleh karena itu katakanlah sesuatu yang positif tentang aspek-aspek dari respon yang bermakna atau kreatif dan beritahukan pula aspek-aspek yang tidak berdasar. Tidak tepat, sediakanlah petunjuk, saran atau pertanyaan lanjutan yang akan memungkinkan mahasiswa untuk memahami dan mengeroksi sendiri kesalahan mereka. (Davis, 2013, p. 115)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 687, "width": 518, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, dalam kajian lain yaitu strategi pembelajaran pada kelanjutannya dikombinasikan dengan metode, sehingga dikenal dengan pembelajaran kooperatif. Sebagaimana Miftahul Huda tulis dalambukunya. Menurut Miftahul Huda lebih dari 5 dekade yang lalu, para peneliti menemukan kecenderungan unik dalam prilaku manusia. Mereka umumnya sepakat bahwa perilaku individu-individu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 302, "top": 752, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "111", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 92, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akan berubah ketika mereka bekerja dalam kelompok-kelompok. Penelitian tentang kelompok ini dimulai dikenal luas sejak isu dinamika kelompok ( dynamic of Group ) yang antara lain di gagas oleh Dewey, Moreno, dan Lewin. Pada tahun 1970-an isu ini berkembang, tidak hanya dalam ranah psikologi sosial, tetapi juga dalam psikologi pendidikan. Elliot Aronson (1975) dan David W Johnson dan Roger T. Johnson (1975) adalah dua pakar yang mengawali isu koperasi dan pendidikan. Melalui metode-metodenya yang terkenal seperti jigsaw, Teams-Games-Tournaments (TGT), Student teams Achievement Division (STAD) learning together dan lain sebagainya . (Miftahul Huda, 2015, pp. 116–118)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 163, "width": 518, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hampir semua penelitian tentang pembelajaran kooperatif mulai dari sekolah dasar hingga perguruan tinggi menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran ini mampu memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pencapaian akademik siswa. Tidak hanya, pembelajaran ini terbukti mampu meningkatkan sikap toleran siswa terhadap teman-temannya yang berbeda etnis, level kemampuan, dan gender. Untuk menekankan manfaat besar dari pelajaran ini, para peneliti selalu mengujinya dengan membandingkan pembelajaran kooperatif versus pembelajaran individualistic dan kopetitif. Uniknya tidak hanya siswa yang bias memperoleh keuntungan dari pembelajaran kooperatif. Guru pun juga bias berkolaborasi dengan kolega- koleganya dalam suasana kooperatif untuk mencari pendekatan-pendekatan alternatif yang memungkinkan efektivitas aplikasi pembelajaran kooperatif di ruang kelas mereka. (Miftahul Huda, 2015, p. ix)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 305, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Interaksi antara Mahasiswa dan Dosen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 318, "width": 518, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain strategi pembelajaran yang tepat untuk membantu mahasiswa agar terlibat aktif ketika diskusi di kelas, yaitu interaksi antara mahasiswa dan dosen, di atas ketika mengutip Davis, telah dinyatakan bahwa dosen tersenyum atau menganggukan kepala kepada mahasiswa akan membantu memperkuat kepercayaan diri mahasiswa ketika mengutarakan pendapatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 372, "width": 518, "height": 158, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbeda dengan Davis, Yahya Ganda mengemukakan bahwa peran mahasiswa dalam belajar juga sangat penting, karena mahasiswa adalah orang dewasa. Menurut Yahya belajar adalah suatu kewajiban dan kegiatan yang rutin yang sangat penting bagi pelajar dari sekolah dasar hingga ke perguruan tinggi. Namun cara belajar di perguruan tinggi merupakan suatu kegiatan yang spesifik karena mahasiswa sudah dianggap telah mencapai kedewasaan, tidak saja fisiknya, tetapi juga psikonya. Ia dianggap sanggup menentukan dirinya dan dipandang dapat berdiri sendiri. Dengan demikian cara belajar di perguruan tinggi agak berbeda dengan cara belajar di sekolah menengah karena kondisi lingkungan kampus diwarnai suasana ilmiah dan kematangan nalar. (Ganda, 2004, pp. x–xi) Bahan bacaan kuliah Mahasiswa yang menjadi sumber penimbaan ilmu terdiri atas buku-bukui lmiah dan diktat-diktat kuliah serta bahan-bahan tertulis yang terserak sebagai artikel-artikel pada media masssa, seperti Koran harian dan majalah, bahan bacaan itu dapat dibagi atas tiga kategori yakni bahan bacaan wajib, bahan bacaan yang dianjurkan dan bahan bacaan lainnya yang relevan. (Ganda, 2004, pp. 8–9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 533, "width": 518, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut menurut Yahya mengemukakan bahwa, di perguruan tinggi tidak sebagaimana belajar di sekolah menengah. Di sekolah menengah biasanya hanya diwajibkan satu buku saja untuk setiap mata pelajaran, sedangkan di perguruan tinggi untuk satu mata kuliah saja banyak buku ilmiah dan bahan bacaan lainnya yang harus dibaca mahasiswa, malah terkadang lebih dari sepuluh buah. Pada awal perkuliahan, hari-hari pertama ketika dosen, memperkenalkan diri, selain nama dosen dan mata kuliah yang diajarkannya, selalu diinformasikan juga buku-buku serta bahan bacaan yang wajib dan yang dianjurkan. Begitu mahasiswa menerima informasi, selayaknya segera mencari bahan-bahan bacaan itu, jangan ditangguh-tangguhkan karena bila terlambat atau menangguh-mengangguhkan akan mengalami stagnasi dalam belajar atau tidak dapat mengikuti kesinambungan nalar perkuliahan dalam mata kuliah tersebut. (Ganda, 2004, p. 10)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 667, "width": 518, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yahya mencontohkan bagaimana pengalaman dia mencari buku ketika kuliah, Mencari buku merupakan seni tersendiri bagim mahasiswa biasanya mereka berlomba-lomba mencari buku atau bahan bacaan yang diperlukan, malah pergi ke took-toko buku atau penerbit di kota lain, dan tidak jarang pula memesannya keluar negeri. Sebagai ilustrasi, mahasiswa IKIP Bandung pada tahun 1995 pergi ke Jakarta dan Surabaya sekedar untuk memperoleh atau mencari-cari buku yang diperlukannya. Di samping dengan jalan memesannya keluar negeri, mahasiswa harus berusaha memiliki buku-buku atau bahan bacaan kuliah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 752, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "itu sedangkan buku-buku lainnya yang relevan dapat dibaca di perpustakaan. Kemudian walaupun telah dikatakan bahwa buku berperan dalam kemajuan, peranan itu tidak akan terwujud atau tercapai bila mahasiswa tidak membaca buku-buku yang telah tersedia itu. Jadi jelasnya buku akan berperan bila mahasiswa menekuninya. Dengan demikian buku harus dibaca dan perlu dibangkitkan minat baca di kalangan mahasiswa. (Ganda, 2004, p. 11)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 136, "width": 518, "height": 92, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu Sardiman berpendapat bahwa interaksi siswa dan guru atau mahasiswa dan dosen juga sebagai penentu dalam suksesnya diskusi di kelas. Menurut Sardiman dalam mengawali penjelasaanya, untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar yang optimal, banyak dipengaruhi komponen-komponen belajar-mengajar. Sebagai contoh bagaimana cara mengorganisasikan materi, metode yang diterapkan, media yang dipergunakan, dan lain-lain. Tetapi disamping komponen-komponen pokok yang ada dalam kegiatan belajar-mengajar, ada faktor lain yang ikut mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar siswa, yaitu soal hubungan antara guru dan siswa. (M, 2004, p. 145)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 231, "width": 518, "height": 320, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian menurut Sardiman hubungan guru dengan siswa/anak didik di dalam proses belajar- mengajar merupakan faktor yang sangat menentukan. Bagaimanapun baiknya bahan pelajaran yang diberikan, bagaimanapun sempurnanya metode yang dipergunakan, namun jika hubungan guru-siswa atau mahasiswa dan dosen, merupakan hubungan yang tidak harmonis, maka dapat menciptakan suatu keluaran yang tidak diinginkan. Dalam hubungan ini, salah satu cara adalah adanya contact hours di dalam hubungan mahasiswa dan dosen. Contact hours atau jam-jam bertemu antara mahasiswa dan dosen, pada hakikatnya merupakan kegiatan di luar jam-jam presentasi di muka kelas seperti biasanya. Untuktingkatperguruantinggiperanan contact hours inisangatpentingsekali.(M, 2004, p. 145) Lebih lanjut, perlu digaris bawahi menurut Sardiman, bahwa kegiatan belajar-mengajar, tidak hanya melalui presentasi atau system kuliah di depan kelas. Bahkan sementara dikatakan bahwa metode dengan kuliah (presentasi) tidaklah dianggap sebagai satu-satunya proses belajar yang efisien bila ditinjau baik dari segi pengembangan sikap dan pikiran intelektual yang kritis dan kreatif. Dengan demikian bentuk-bentuk kegiatan belajar selain melalui pengajaran di depan kelas, perlu diperhatikan bentuk-bentuk kegiatan belajar-mengajar yang lain. Cara-cara atau bentuk-bentuk belajar yang lain itu antara lain dapat melalui dengan contact hours tadi. Dalam saat-saat semacam itu dapat dikembangkan komunikasi dua arah. Guru dapat menanyai dan mengungkapkan keadaan siswa dan sebaliknya siswa mengajukan berbagai persoalan- persoalan dan hambatan yang sedang dihadapi. Terjadilah suatu proses interaksi dan komunikasi yang humanistik. Memang guru yang menerapkan prinsip-prinsip humanistic approach akan tergolong pada humanistic teacher. Hal ini jelasakan sangat membantu keberhasilan studi pada siswa. Berhasil dalam arti tidak sekedar tahu atau mendapatkan nilai baik dalam ujian, tetapi akan menyentuh pada soal sikap mental dan tingkah laku atau hal-hal yang interistik. Dengan demikian tujuan kemanusiaan harus selalu diperhatikan, sehingga salah satuhasil pendidikan yang diharapkan yakni human people , yakni manusia yang memiliki kesadaran untuk memperlakukan orang lain dengan penuh respect dan dignity. (M, 2004, p. 146)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 553, "width": 518, "height": 132, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun demikian menurut Sardumana, harus diakui bahwa kegiatan informasi semacam itu belum banyak dikembangankan. Disamping itu perlu juga diingat adanya hambatan-hambatan tertentu. Misalnya kadang-kadang masih adanya sikap otoriter dari guru (terutama warisan di zaman feodal), sikap tertutup dari guru, siswa yang pasif, jumlah siswa yang terlalu besar, system pendidikan, keadaan dan latar belakang guru sendiri maupun para siswanya. Untuk mengatasi itu semua perlu dikembangkan sikap demokratis dan terbuka dari para guru, perlu ada keaktifan dari pihak siswa, guru harus bersikap ramah sebaliknya siswa juga harus bersifat sopan, saling hormat menghormati, guru lebih bersifat manusiawi, rasio guru dan siswa yang lebih proporsional, masing-massing pihak bilamana perlu mengetahui latar-belakang baik guru maupun siswa. Apabila hal-hal tersebut dapat terpenuhi maka akan tercipta suatu komunikasi yang selaras antara guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar-mengajar. (M, 2004, p. 146)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 752, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "113", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 302, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rethingking Startegi Dosen Mengajar Di Perguran Tinggi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 83, "width": 518, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buku-buku pendidikan di Indonesia, sekarang ini berbicara sangat banyak mengenai manajemen mengajar di perguruan tinggi dan fokus pada bagaimana prakteknya di perguruan tinggi, dalam makalah ini akan ada dua hasil penelitian yang penulis kemukanan yaitu sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 123, "width": 518, "height": 105, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kajian mengenai startegi untuk mengaktifkan siswa di kelas, juga pernah dilakukan oleh Made Pidarta, dengan meneliti bagaimana dosen di negara maju mengajar, agar menjadi contoh bagi dosen di Indonesia. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Made Pidarta, ini dilaksanakan di Universitas Negeri Ohio Negara Bagian Ohio Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1987. Yang menjadi responden penelitian ini adalah empat orang dosen yang masing-massing mengajar selama satu kuarter, dengan pertemuan rata-rata 10 kali tiap orang sehingga jumlah pertemuan seluruhnya menjadi 40 Kali. Instrumen yang dipakai adalah observasi dengan alat catatan anecdotal. Observasi hanya dilakukan terbatas pada proes belajar mengajar dalam kelas. Dari 40 kali pertemuan di atas, sempat diamati sebanyak 33 kali. (Pidarta, 1990, p. ix)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 231, "width": 518, "height": 185, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk memberikan perbandingan terutama kepada para dosen di Indonesia tentang bagaimana cara dosen-dosen di Negara maju mengajar. Gambaran ini diharapkan dapat memberi dorongan kepada para dosen di Indonesia untuk memajukan profesinya. Hasil studi ini adalah sebagai berikut, para dosen sangat disiplin akan waktu, beberapa menit sebelum jam kuliah mulai mereka sudah siap di dalam kelas, mereka pulang tepat pada waktunya dan tidak pernah absen. Setiap dosen sebelum memulai kuliah selalu menyerahkan garis besar perkuliahannya kepada para mahasiswa. Dalam garis besar ini sudah tercantum semua kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan dalam kuliah itu selama satu kuarter. Dosen- dosen mengajar dengan menggunakan banyak buku teks tetapi tidak mesti seluruh isi buku dipakai. Mereka memakai berbagai metode belajar mengajar dan alat peraga yang mereka atur secara bervariasi. Begitu pula macam belajar di luar kelas juga bervariasi antara satu dosen dengan dosen lainnya. Juga cara mereka menilai para mahasiswa berbeda antara satu dengan lainnya. Tampak di sini bahwa otoritas dosen sangat menonjol. Masing-masing dosen bebas mengatur hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan perkuliahan, termasuk garis besar perkuliahan juga tidak sama antara satu dosen dengan dosen lainnya. (Pidarta, 1990, p. 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 419, "width": 518, "height": 145, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian, menurutPidarta, ada 11 macammetodemengajar yang dipakaimulaidari yang bersifat komunikasi verbal kesempatan mahasiswa mengalami sendiri, pemakaian narasumber, sampai kepada menggali aplikasi-aplikasi konsep di Masyarakat. Begitu pula ada lima macam belajar di luar kelas dilaksanakan oleh dosen yaitu tugas membaca tekst ertentu, membuat makalah, mencari dan memperbaiki kekeliruan kasus-kasus di masyarakat, mengadakan survey dan mengadakan proyek lengkap dengan eksperimennya. Tampak ada keseimbangan antara pelaksanaan manajemen kelas dengan kegiatan mengajar pada semua dosen. Banyak manajemen kelas dilakukan melalui metode mengajar, artinya dosen mengajar sambil melaksanakan manajemen kelas. Variasi metode mengajar dan alat peraga yang di pakai baik antar dosen maupun antar pertemuan tampaknya bermaksud untuk mengurangi kebosanan mahasiswa belajar, menciptakan iklim belajar yang hangat, dan memelihara semanagat belajar, di samping disesuaikan dengan materi yang diajarkan. (Pidarta, 1990, p. 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 566, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih lanjut menurut Pidarta, manajemen seperti tersebut di atas adalah suat uusaha preventif untuk mengurangi kesulitan belajar para mahasiswa dan untuk mengurangi kecenderungan berprilaku aneh para mahasiswa. Menurut pengamatan memang tidak ada dosen yang memberi bantuan khusus terhadap kesulitan belajar, begitu pula tidak pernah di temukan dosen melakukan perbaikan perilaku dan hubungan sosial para mahasiswa, sebab prilaku semua mahasiswa kelihatan wajar. (Pidarta, 1990, p. x)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 633, "width": 518, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang menarik untuk diperhatikan dalam proses belajar mengajar ialah variasi metode belajar termasuk alat belajarnya dan banyaknya buku dipergunakan. Sudah dikatakan bahwa setiap dosen mempergunakan beberapa metode mengajar. Variasi penggunaan metode itu berbeda antara dosen yang satu dengan dosen kainnya. Begitu pula halnya dengan alat belajar atau media pendidikan yang mereka pakai juga banyak bervariasi. Tampaknya ini merupakan cara untuk menarik para mahasiswa belajar disamping menyesuaikan denegan materi yang dibahas. (Pidarta, 1990, p. 111)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 714, "width": 518, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya adalah penelitian Sanusi Uwes dilakukan di IKIP Bandung dan IKIP Jakarta tahun 1989, dia menulis mengenai indikator tugas pendidikan dan pengajaran, sama dengan apa yang dibicarakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 40, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable, Vol. 3 No. 2, 2020, 103 – 115", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 752, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 69, "width": 518, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pidarta, menurut Uwesd alam kaitan dengan tugas pendidikan dan pengajaran dosen yang bermutu adalah dosen yang melaksanakan tugas-tugas sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 96, "width": 514, "height": 51, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat silabi dan satuan pelajaran yang mengandung kejelasan tahapan konsep teori serta aplikasi ilmu pengetahuan, sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dalam disiplin akademiknya. Kandungan tersebut teruraikan, baik dalam formulasi tujuan, bahan ajar, bahan bacaan metodologi dan evaluasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 54, "top": 150, "width": 514, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hadir di kelas sesuai jadwal perkuliahan, untuk jumlah pertemuan ada 14 pertemuan ada 12 pertemuan, bukti kehadiran adalah penandatangan daftar atau kartu hadir kuliah dan pengisian agenda perkuliahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 54, "top": 190, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Mengemukakan syarat-syarat perkuliahan secara jelas pada mahasiswa,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 54, "top": 204, "width": 514, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Meningkatkan efektivitas mengajar, mencari cara-cara baru dalam menyampaikan materi kuliah, memotivasi belajar mahasiswa, serta memberi contoh menghormati hak orang lain untuk berbeda pendapat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 54, "top": 244, "width": 514, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Memberi latihan dan response serta nilai pada setiap mata pelajaran secara objektif, sesuai dengan tugas pengajaran yang jadi tugasnya, baik yang berhubungan dengan hasil ujian, makalah, skripsi, praktek lapangan. (Uwes, 1999, p. 147)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 305, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 318, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dosen harus membantu mahasiswa dalam mengexplore kemampuan dirinya, bukan menjadi lawan mahasiswa di kelas. Berbagai strategi dan tips yang dikemukakan seperti Davis, Yahya, Pidarta, Uwes, dan Majid adalah untuk membantu para dosen menyukseskan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas. Namun dari keseluruhan penjelasan di atas penulis mencapai kesimpulan bahwa kerjasama diantara dosen dan mahasiswa, sangat penting untuk kesuksesan pembelajaran di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 385, "width": 518, "height": 65, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sepakat dengan apa yang dikemukan Erikson mengenai budaya sebagai border , jika hubungan antara dosen dan mahasiswa seperti ini, maka yang terjadi adalah ketakutan, ketidak percayaan, prejudice , parahnya adalah kebencian. Akibatnya adalah mahasiswa akan menjadi sulit menyelesaikan studinya. Jadi semakin harmonis hubungan dosen dan mahasiswa semakin sukses mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan studinya, dan semakin professional dosen tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 465, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 484, "width": 432, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Majid. (2014). Strategi Pembelajaran (E. Kuswandi (ed.); cet. 3). Remaja Rosdakarya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 504, "width": 501, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Angelo, T. A., & Cross, P. K. (2005). Classroom Assessment Techniques: A Handbook for College Teachers .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 517, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "John Wiley & Sons Incorporated.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 537, "width": 517, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arisanti, L. (2016). Virtual Grup Discussion Pada Mata Kuliah Pengantar Organisasi Belajar di WWW Corses Web-Bali. In H. H. Dewi Salma Prawiradilaga, Diana Ariani (Ed.), Mozaik Teknologi Pendidikan: E-Learning . Kencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 50, "top": 583, "width": 485, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asmawi, M. R. (2005). Strategi Meningkatkan Lulusan Bermutu Di Perguruan Tinggi. 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[ { "left": 72, "top": 46, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 59, "width": 135, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4, 1 (June, 2023), pp. 581-588 ISSN: 2721-1150 EISSN: 2721-1169", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 790, "width": 90, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jurnaledukasia.org", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 109, "width": 455, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 128, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 331, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila 1 , Fatkhur Rohman 2 1 Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 189, "width": 329, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 220, "width": 434, "height": 239, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Learning; Management; Teachers This study aims to describe the management of teacher learning at Karya Bunda Mandiri Middle School, kec. Precut Sei Tuan, Kab. Deli Serdang. This study uses a description method with qualitative data analysis. This method aims to intensively study the background of the current situation and the environmental interactions of a social unit, be it individuals, groups, institutions or society. A descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out by digging up data sourced from the location. Data collection was collected through a qualitative analysis approach, by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. This research was conducted at Karya Bunda Mandiri Middle School, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kab. Deli Serdang. The subject of this research is the teacher. This research is collaborative between researchers and teachers. The results of this study indicate that in the learning process, of course there is learning management under the teacher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 312, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 330, "width": 83, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 2023-03-03 Revised 2023-04-13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 355, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accepted 2023-06-02", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 286, "top": 469, "width": 230, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 523, "width": 325, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author: Fatkhur Rohman Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan Indonesia diselenggarakan sebagai satu kesatuan yang sistematis dengan sistem terbuka yang merangkul semua potensi yang ada. Saat ini penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Indonesia diatur oleh Undang-undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No. 20 Tahun 2003. Di Indonesia, pendidikan dibagi menjadi tiga jalur utama, yaitu jalur formal, nonformal dan informal. Pendidikan juga dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu PAUD, SD, SMP, dan Perguruan Tinggi. Dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia, disadari masih banyak konflik yang dihadapi. Konflik utama adalah sumber konflik manajemen yang mengarah pada kualitas yang buruk. Penentuan baik buruknya pendidikan didasarkan pada manajerial pendidikan yang dibuat oleh kepala sekolah sebagai kepala satuan pendidikan yang dikelolanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang Sistem Pendidikan No. 20 Tahun 2003, pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk mencapai kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, keterampilan, bermasyarakat, berbangsa dan bernegara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "582 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks sosial, pendidikan memegang peranan penting dalam memaksimalkan peluang seseorang untuk menjadi lebih baik. Melalui pendidikan, potensi manusia dikembangkan sehingga menjadi kekuatan yang dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi perannya sebagai pribadi yang berkepribadian istimewa yang memiliki integritas ilmu, amal dan keikhlasan melalui pendidikan (Ekayani, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 454, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru adalah satu komponen dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, memiliki kompetensi sangat menentukan keberhasilan pembelajaran, karena fungsi utama guru ialah merancang, mengelola, melaksanakan, dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran (Mulyasa, 2008). Guru profesional selalu melekatkan dirinya pada sikap dedikatif yang tinggi terhadap tugasnya, sikap komitmen terhadap mutu proses dan hasil kerja, selalu berusaha memperbaiki dan memperbaharui model-model atau cara kerjanya sesuai dengan tuntutan zaman yang dilandasi oleh kesadaran yang tinggi bahwa tugas mendidik adalah tugas menyiapkan generasi penerus yang akan hidup pada zamannya di masa depan (Kunandar, 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 454, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di samping itu, kedudukan guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran juga sangat menentukan tujuan pendidikan. Tujuan tersebut berujung pada tujuan akhir yaitu terwujudnya output yang memiliki kecerdasan intelektual dan spiritual yang berimbang. Dimana keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran di lingkungan pendidikan akan sangat ditentukan oleh kompetensi pendidik dan ketersediaan tenaga kependidikan (Sanjaya, 2012). Bahwa inti dari kegiatan pendidikan adalah proses interaksi pembelajaran. Proses interaksi pembejaran adalah suatu upaya untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Guru dan peserta didik adalah dua unsur yang terlibat dalam proses itu. Peran guru diperlukan untuk menciptakan interaksi pembelajaran yang kondusif, maka sudah semestinya kualitas guru harus diperhatikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh sebab itu, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti “ Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru di SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kab. Deli Serdang. alasan peneliti memilih judul penelitian tersebut, karena peneliti termotivasi dari melihat dan mengamati rangkaian aktivitas proses pembelajaran SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 454, "height": 226, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan metode deskriptif dengan analisis data kualitatif yaitu dengan prosedur pemacahan masalah yang diamati dengan menggambarkan, menganalisa keadaan objek penelitian berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang sebagaimana adanya. Dengan menggunakan salah satu metode pengumpulan data melalui desain wawancara untuk mendapatkan informasi-informasi yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang diteliti dengan pihak-pihak kompeten yang kemudian dicatat dan hasilnya kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tulisan yang baku. Di mana wawancara merupakan suatu teknik pengumpulan data dengan jalan mengadakan komunikasi dengan sumber data yang ada. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah: buku, pena, dan android sebagai perekam proses wawancara yang akan dilakukan pengamatan dan pencatatan secara sistematis terhadap fenomena yang terjadi manajemen pembelajaran guru di SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri, Kec. Percut Sei Tuan, Kab. Deli Serdang. Dan penelitian mengunakan metode wawancara terhadap 3 guru yaitu guru bahasa inggris, guru m-m ddan guru agama islam . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan ( Field Research ), yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari secara intensif tentang latar belakang keadaan sekarang dan interaksi lingkungan suatu unit sosial baik individu, kelompok, lembaga, atau masyarakat (Sugiyono, 2013). Penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan menggali data yang bersumber dari lokasi atau lapangan penelitian yang terkait tentang manajemen pembelajaran guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut (Moleong, 2007), mendefinisikan bahwa penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian, misalnya perilaku, cara deksripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata dan bahasa, pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah dan dengan memanfaatkan berbagai metode alamiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "583 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendekatan kualitatif ini diambil karena dalam penelitian ini sasaran dalam penelitian dibatasi agar data-data yang diambil dapat digali sebanyak mungkin serta agar dalam penelitian ini tidak dimungkinkan adanya pelebaran objek penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan langsung di lapangan, rumusan masalah juga ditemukan di lapangan, kemudian data berubah-ubah sesuai data yang ada di lapangan, sehingga akan ditemukan sebuah teori baru di tengah lapangan. Penelitian kualitatif menggunakan metode deksriptif yaitu pengamatan atau observasi, dan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metode kualitatif ini digunakan karena beberapa pertimbangan dari peneliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 153, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 454, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara diperoleh beberapa temuan yaitu sebagai berikut: manajemen pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda mandiri yakni terlaksana dengan baik setiap harinya senantiasa mengalami peningkatan akan pembelajaran dari seorang guru kepada murid atau peserta didik nya. Pada pelaksanaan manajemen pembelajaran guru tersebut dijelaskan yakni guru memiliki kesempatan untuk mengembangkan keprofesionalan secara berkelanjutan dengan belajar sepanjang hayat. Artinya sebagai seorang guru dengan profesi mendidik, dibutuhkan pengembangan ilmu yang seluas-luasnya tanpa batasan waktu karena pendidikan adalah hak bagi setiap individu. Agar tugas belajar dan tugas mengajar guru tidak tumpang tindih, para guru wajib berdiskusi untuk menata kembali jadwal mengajar masing-masing. Kepala sekolah bekerjasama dengan waka kurikulum melaksanakan monitoring absensi izin guru untuk tugas belajar dan memastikan kondisi proses belajar mengajar tetap berjalan dengan baik, proses monitoring bertujuan agar tugas belajar guru lebih terkontrol tanpa harus mengorbankan tugas mengajar di sekolah. Dengan menjalankan manajemen yang tepat dalam mengelola peningkatan kompetensi guru, kepala sekolah mampu mengupayakan solusi dan pembinaan tindak lanjut kepada guru sehingga guru dapat memperbaiki kekurangan yang ada dan mempertahankan poin-poin prestasinya. Kepala sekolah juga mampu menetapkan standar manajemen mutu yang tepat khususnya standar kinerja guru di lingkungan internal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 446, "width": 321, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Guru-guru yang di Wawancara No Nama Guru L/P Guru mapel 1. Imam satria S.Pd L B. Inggris 2. Suhermanto S.Pd L Agama islam 3. Aica Wira Islami S.Pd P Matemateka", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 454, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil wawancarai dapat dikatakan bahwasanya setiap guru ini memakai metode mengajar dengan cara yang berbeda beda ada yang memakai metode tanya jawab, diskusi atapun amati atau bisa dibilang ATM, untuk lebih jelas dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 595, "width": 414, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Wawancara Mata pelajaran Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Desain pembelajaran Pengevaluasi Pembelajaran B.Inggris Proses pembelajaran terkait pada indivu masing – masing guru jadi bagaimana cara guru mengajar, bagaimana perencanaan guru yang dilakukan , bagaimana proses guru alami dan bagaimana evaluasi guru Melakukan yang namanya ATM atau amati tiru atau modivikasi jadi desain pembelajaran itu sudah tersebar banyak adanya merdeka mengajar yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 325, "top": 751, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bisa login", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 643, "width": 128, "height": 118, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi Pembelajaran yang kita lakukan adalah beberapa ujian atau tes siswa kepada guru atau uji kinerja guru dilakukan maksimal 1 bulan hanya sekali atau memungkin kan 3 bulan sekali atau tidak memungkinya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 751, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "juga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "584 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 163, "top": 91, "width": 221, "height": 415, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dilakukan , guru ini sebagai kepala sekolah bertugas sebagai supervisor mengatur mengawasi mengevaluasi dari kinerja dari pembelajaran yang guru lakukan berdasar kan yang pertama yang yang lakukan itu mengambil sampel dari siswa ,menanyakan secara verbal atau angket dari siswa sebagaimana pembelajaran yang guru lakukan sebagimana, manajemen pembelajarannya bagaimana, apakah udah sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, apakah udah sesuai dengan kurikulum digunakan oleh sekolah jika ada yang perlu di evaluasi saya akan mengumpulkan catatan – catatan dari guru tersebut sehingga bisa melakukan perbaikan . hanya hanya guru yang memilki id belajar saja, dari situ kita bisa lihat bagaimana desain guru guru yang sudah di desain guru tersebut ,sekolah lebih aktif dan lebih maju . dan merdeka mengajar itu diperbolehkan oleh mentri jadi sesuaikan oleh sekolah yang melakukan pembelajaran itu jadi ingat teorinya itu adalah amati tiru dan modivikasi .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 91, "width": 442, "height": 672, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "waktunya terbatas kita lakukan 1 semester 1 kali kalau evaluasi pembelajaran bagi siswa dilakukan dalam 1 semester 2 kali yang pertama adalah ujian tengah semester yang kedua itu akhir semester lalu ada ujian tes praktik itu lisan biasanya contoh kalau yang muslim ada praktik ibadah yang olah raga ada praktik olahragaan yang di lakukan siswa tes oleh guru . Agama Islam pengelolaan di karya bunda di pembelajaran ini jadi guru ini menerapkan yang namanya kurikulum K13 Jadi kurikulum K13 ini lebih ke pengetahuan keterampilan si anak akan tetapi pengetahuan dan keterampilan si anak jadi anak itu lebih aktif daripada si guru.. memang kalau adanya K 13 Ini nak – anak itu dianjurkan di dalam kelas itu lebih aktif lagi kalau kita lihat pada saat sekarang ini anak anak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 287, "top": 523, "width": 97, "height": 240, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap guru itu mempunyai desain nya masing masing guru agama ini lebih condong menerapkan system pembelajaran metode Tanya jawab karena misalnya kita pakai metode Tanya jawab mungkin anak anak itu lebih aktif dan lebih banyak pertanyaan kalau mngunakan metode dakwah atau bicara cakap cakap aja mungkin anak itu ga", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 392, "top": 523, "width": 127, "height": 64, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari evaluasi ini guru ini lebih suka melakukan praktek dilapangan contohnya kalau dalam hal ibadah bahkan Dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 392, "top": 591, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "agama islam ada 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 604, "width": 127, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelajaran yg di gunakan satu pelajaran itu khusus untuk ibadah baik itu sholat, masalah wudhu mandi wajib dan lain lain di terapkanlah system ibadah jadi modelnya hafalan hafalan yang mungkin banyak anak anak ini yang tidak paham karna rata rata anak anak yang udah SMP mereka yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "585 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 91, "width": 443, "height": 442, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "itu pada kurang aktif daripada sebelumnya karena adanya K 13 Ini si anak – anak itu di anjurkan supaya lebih aktif makanya dibuat sistem K13 ini .ada yang namanya merdeka belajar tapi belum terapkan disekolah ini karena k13 ini yang mana lebih ke keterampilan supaya sianak lebih aktif dalam belajar. tau atau ga paham , adanya metode Tanya jawab ini disaat kita menerangkan saya bertanya kepada anak anak paham tidak ?klau ada yang tidak paham kita Tanya dari sisi mana yang tidak pahamnya jadi metode ini lebih efektif daripada metode lain karena sianak ini lebih memahami jangan kita hanya bercakap cakap tapi si anak tidak paham . makanya guru tersebut lebih memilih metode tanya jawab . tidak mengaji lagi makanya kita ulangin kembali supaya mengigatkan kembali ingatan ingatan yang sudah lupa makanya kita ingatkan kembali bagaimana mereka menghafal apa yang sudah di dilakukan karena kebanyakan anak anak itu yang tidak mau sholat apalagi orang tua nya yang tidak mendukung , makanya guru ini mengunakan ibadah itu untuk menghafal jadi evaluasinya adalah melakukan praktek didalam sholat baik masalah wudhunya , praktek sholatnya bagaimana dan bacaan – bacaanya bagaimana kalau masalah mandi wajib ya di praktekan hanya kita contohnya bagaimana mandi wajib ya di ajar kan cara nya Mate -mateka Yaitu siswa itu dikasi bahan pelajaran dan mereka diberikan soal soal untuk siswa tersebut . Desainya itu yang digunakan adalah diskusi atau Tanya jawab atau kelompok Pengevaluasinya yaitu memberikan tugas tugas dari pembelajaran dari buku tes atau lks", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 454, "height": 118, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 di atas bahwa kita dapat memberikan atau menyimpulkan perbandingan terhadap guru guru tersebut. Diketahui pula bahwa setiap guru mengajar itu ada perbedaan perbedaan yang guru ajarkan kepada siswanya, tidak semua guru itu sama kita lihat dari hasil yang di dapat kan dalam tabel tersebut bahwa masing masing guru mempunyai perbedaan, mengajar di kelas dengan karakteristik siswa yang berbeda atau beragam memang menjadi tantangan bagi seorang guru, jika ada siswa yang terlihat tidak bersemangat dalam belajar maka jangan buru buru dengan melebeli mereka dengan predikat malas. Namun seharusnya kita sebagai guru harus lebih bersemangat membawakan suasana agar siswa tersebut tidak merasa bosen dalam mengikuti pelajaran yang diajarkan guru tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan dalam penelitian dapat dikatakan bahwasanya menjadi guru itu tidak mudah besar tanggung jawabnya, ada beberapa guru mempunyai strategi dalam pembelajaran, contohnya guru agama islam ini membuat strategi yakni Fonis itu harus, fonis terhadap si anak itu harus karena disaat si anak tidak diberikan fonis maka mungkin mereka akan sepele . fonis dalam agama islam pembelajarannya adalah kalau mereka tidak mengerjakan pr agama islam maka di perintah mereka menngerjakan atau menulis ayat Al-Qur ’ an Surah An Naba dari ayat 1 ayat 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "586 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tujuanya supaya nanti setelah ada efek dari tidak mengerjakan soal ini karena dia memgerjakan surah an naba itu sedikit bagi mereka itu satu ayat saja mereka lama sekali satu ayat saja hampir 10 menit mengerjakanmya atau menghafalnya dari mereka ada yang tidak mengaji apalagi tidak pernah sekolah dimadrasah jadi otomatis mereka masih meraba. Dari itulah mereka mungkin belajar dengan adanya fonis maka si anak ini jadi mau belajar walau terpaksa. Mermang harus di paksa dulu lama lama pasti terbiasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 172, "width": 454, "height": 145, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan guru B.Inggris melakukan motivasi dan strategi itu yang paling penting itu yang harus dilakukan oleh guru jadi tidak hanya sekedar pembelajaran sampai situ selesai, murid pulang sudah selesai sudah memenuhi syarat bukan seperti itu sebenarnya kita sebagai guru membuat bagaimana menghubungkan pelajaran kita ini yang sudah kita ajarkan kepada mereka kita kaitkan kehidupan sehari hari, tujuan pelajaran ini apa tujuannnya atau faedahnya sama kehidupan mereka jadi membuka mata mereka sama pembelajaran mereka yang sudah dijalankan ini agar minat nya meningkat kalau tidak tau pelajaran ini untuk apa maka pasti dia makanya strategi yang dibuat ni salah satu stategi mengkaitkan dalam kehidupan nyata. Kemudian guru matemateka ini memakai strategi yang namanya memberi kuis kuis ringan agar siswa itu dapat bersemangat dan tidak mengantuk dikelas dan adanya kuis ringan itu supaya siswa tidak bosen atau malas malasan dalam pelajaran tersebut dan tidak terlalu menoton kali dalam belajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 454, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jadi setelah melihat perbedaan yang ada di atas, maka dapat ditarik garis besarnya bahwa setiap guru berbeda cara ajarnya, cara pelasaksanaanya pembelajaranya, cara mendesainnya pembelajaranya, dan cara mengevaluasinya. Hal pembedanya adalah guru bahasa inggris, guru agama beserta guru matematika sangat aktif dalam memberikan sebuah pembelajaran yang sangat kondusif sehingga sebagian anak tersebut memahami atau mencermati mata pelajaran yang sudah diberikan oleh guru masing masing. Jadi dari hasil penelitian yang didapat yakni perbedaan pembejaran guru antara B.Ingris, matematika, dan agama islam adalah dapat dilihat berdasarkan presentasenya, yang guru agama islam 98 % dalam menjalankan pembelajaran yang sudah memenuhi syarat pembelajaran yang kondusif, sedangkan guru B. Inggris mencapai 99% mencapai pembelajaran yang paling efektif dan di senangin oleh anak-anak karena pembelajaranya yang sangat menyenangkan dan mudah di pahami oleh siswanya, dan yang terakhir pembelajaran pada guru matemateka mencapai 80 % dalam pembelajaran yang efektf terhadap peserta didiknya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 454, "height": 131, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran adalah upaya yang dilakukan untuk membelajarkan peserta didik. Kata lain pembelajaran mempunyai hakikat perencanaan sebagai upaya untuk membelajarkan peserta didik. Tekanan uta manya adalah “bagaimana membelajarkan” bukan “apa yang dipelajari”. Manajemen pembelajaran adalah proses memperoleh suatu tindakan yang dilakukan untuk membelajarkan dalam membina konsep atau pengetahuan baru pada peserta didik yang dilakukan oleh seorang guru guna untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diinginkan. Guru memerlukan kesiapan untuk mengajar mempunyai rasa tanggung jawab dan sifat sabar untuk menghadapi murid murid disekitar. Dan ketika kita mengajar tidak boleh memaksakan anak murid itu cepat tanggapnya karena karakter anak yang kita ajarkan itu berbeda-beda, ada yang cepat menerima dan ada juga yang lama menerima. Sebagai guru perlu yang namnaya pendekatan terhadap anak didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 661, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekayani, N. L. P. (2017). Pentingnya Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa . (March). Diambil dari https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315105651 Kunandar. (2011). Guru Profesional. Al- Falah: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan … , 17 (2), 46. Diambil dari http://ejurnal.staialfalahbjb.ac.id/index.php/alfalahjikk/article/view/26%0Ahttp://ejurnal.staialfal ahbjb.ac.id/index.php/alfalahjikk/article/download/26/95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 748, "width": 386, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moleong, L. J. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif . Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "587 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyasa, E. (2008). Menjadi Guru Profesional (Menciptakan Pembelajaran Kreatif dan Menyenangkan) . Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Sanjaya, W. (2012). Strategi Pembelajaran Berorientasi Standart Proses Pendidikan . Jakarta: Kencana. Sugiyono. (2013). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D (cet-19). Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 45, "width": 266, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, Vol. 4, 1 (June 2023): 581-588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 45, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "588 of 588", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 798, "width": 426, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurdalila & Fatkhur Rohman/Manajemen Pembelajaran Guru SMP Karya Bunda Mandiri Kec. Percut Sei Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 234 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 88, "width": 435, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH KONSEP-DIRI DAN EFIKASI-DIRI TERHADAP DISIPLIN KERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN PEMASARAN PT. PERTAMINA (PERSERO) UPMS V SURABAYA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 228, "top": 150, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti Exaudi Siregar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 177, "width": 221, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Bimbingan dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Pengtahuan Sosial Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 260, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 285, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aimed to investigate the effect of self-concept and self-efficacy simultaneously against the disciplined employee. This study sample is 75 employees of sales at PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya. Data were collected through three scales, namely the scale of labor discipline, self-concept and self-efficacy. Test hypothesis with multiple regression analysis of obtained results that self- concept and self-efficacy simultaneously significant effect on employee discipline of sales at PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS Surabaya V (R ² = 0517; sign = 0.000) or p-value <0.05. This means that 51.7% of the variation in labor discipline variables can be explained by the variable self-concept and self-efficacy. While the remaining 48.3% is explained by other variables not examined, so it can not be explained.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 412, "width": 252, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Work Discipline, Self-Concept, Self-Efficacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 451, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 75 karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya. Data dikumpulkan melalui tiga skala, yaitu skala disiplin kerja, konsep-diri, dan efikasi-diri. Uji hipotesis dengan analisis regresi berganda diperoleh hasil bahwa konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya (R²= 0.517; sign= 0.000) atau p- value < 0.05. Hal ini bermakna bahwa 51,7% variasi pada variabel disiplin kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri. Sedangkan sisanya 48,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel lain yang tidak diteliti, sehingga tidak dapat dijelaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 602, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Disiplin Kerja, Konsep-Diri, Efikasi-Diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 235 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 125, "width": 222, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada era globalisasi dewasa ini, ketatnya persaingan terjadi bukan hanya pada tingkatan negara, tetapi juga merambah pada tataran organisasi kerja. Kondisi seperti ini menuntut setiap organisasi kerja di dalam negeri untuk berbenah diri. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memenangkan persaingan adalah dengan mengelola dan memanfaatkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) secara tepat dan optimal. Organisasi akan dapat berkembang dan maju di masa yang akan datang, apabila cepat dan tanggap terhadap perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi. Proses menuju ke arah tersebut berkaitan erat dengan pengembangan SDM yang hanya dapat dicapai melalui proses terpadu dari pendidikan, latihan, dan pengembangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 341, "width": 223, "height": 313, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasibuan (2000:147) berpendapat, bahwa manusia merupakan faktor motor penggerak, dalam rangka aktifitas dan rutinitas dari sebuah organisasi, (organisasi publik maupun non publik) dan institusi. Maka, pentingnya pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia pada dunia kerja bertujuan, supaya ada yang mengoperasikan kegiatan yang berlangsung di suatu perusahaan atau organisasi dengan baik. Jadi, walaupun pada abad modern kemajuan teknologi dapat menggantikan sebagian besar tugas manusia, tetapi perusahaan yang berbasis teknologi sangat canggih pun tidak dapat meninggalkan fungsi manusia sebagai brainware atau otak dari perusahaan. Manusia yang dimaksud adalah karyawan, dengan kata lain bahwa perusahaan adalah suatu sistem sosial dan karyawan adalah unsur yang paling penting di dalamnya. Saksono (1997:114-115) menyebutkan, bahwa tenaga kerja yang berkualitas ditandai atau diukur oleh beberapa faktor, yang diantaranya adalah kesetiaan,prestasi kerja, kejujuran, kedisiplinan, kreatifitas, kerjasama, kepemimpinan, kepribadian, prakarsa, kecakapan, dan tanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 669, "width": 223, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disiplin kerja menjadi salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan kualitas SDM, seperti pendapat Doelhadi (2001:33) yang menyebutkan, disiplin kerjaadalah bentuk ketaatan dari perilaku seseorang untuk mematuhi ketentuan-ketentuan ataupun peraturan-peraturan tertentu yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan dan diberlakukan dalam suatu perusahaan atau organisasi. Selain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 427, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "itu, Siagian (2005:305) berpendapat, disiplin kerja merupakan bentuk pelatihan yang membentuk pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku karyawan sehingga karyawan secara sukarela berusaha bekerja secara kooperatif dengan karyawan yang lain serta meningkatkan prestasi kerja. Beberapa definisi tersebut disimpulkan, bahwa disiplin kerja menjadi penting bagi perusahaan karena dasar dari disiplin kerja itu sendiri adalah sikap taat kepada peraturan, yang hal ini bertujuan supaya karyawan mampu melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya secara menyeluruh tanpa meninggalkan aturan-aturan dan norma-norma yang berlaku, serta berguna bagi karyawan untuk meningkatkan prestasi kerjanya di suatu sistem maupun perusahaan. Disiplin kerja yang baik bukan hanya bila karyawan selalu tepat waktu, tetapi yang pada bentuknya dan paling berguna adalah suatu kekuatan yang berkembang dalam tubuh karyawan itu sendiri, sehingga individu dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan sukarela kepada keputusan-keputusan yang diterima, peraturan- peraturan, nilai-nilai, dan tingkah-laku individu. Kekuatan yang tumbuh pada disiplin kerja tersebut diantaranya, mampu beradaptasi aktif di dalam perusahaan, bertanggung-jawab terhadap tugas yang diberikan sehingga mencapai hasil yang diharapkan, disiplin waktu, mampu memberikan solusi atas kesulitan yang dihadapi perusahaan, dan ikut menjaga kelangsungan hidup perusahaan berdasarkan atas rasa memiliki yang membawa karyawan pada pencapaian hasil yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 530, "width": 223, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, sebagai perusahaan unit pemasaran minyak dan gas (MIGAS) di Indonesia yang pengelolaannya khusus di daerah Jawa Timur, Bali, dan Nusa Tenggara (JATIMBALINUS) memiliki visi perusahaan, yaitu ingin menjadi unit pemasaran yang unggul, maju, dan terpandang. Oleh sebab itu, perusahaan ini membangun komitmen untuk melaksanakan praktik-praktik tata-kelola perusahaan yang baik, sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk pencapaian visi dan misi perusahaan. Perusahaan ini melaksanakan program restrukturisasi di bidang Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) bertujuan, supaya misi perusahaan bisa terlaksana dengan baik dan semua aturan kerja bisa diketahui bahkan dilakukan oleh seluruh karyawan serta untuk mempunyai tenaga perusahaan yang berkemampuan lebih, demi meningkatkan kualitas SDM di perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 236 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa program yang dibuat adalah dalam bentuk pembinaan SDM yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas karyawan yang terpadu pada strategi perusahaan mewujudkan visinya.Pokok bahasan penting dari pembinaan tersebut, salah satunya adalah tentang penerapan budaya disiplin kerja karyawan, danprogram yang dirancang biasanya berwujud studi banding ke perusahaan lain yang sejenis dan kursus, seminar-seminar atau workshop serta On the Job Trainning (OJT), (Media Pertamina, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 227, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun karyawan telah diikutsertakan pembinaan, tetapi hasil wawancara bersama karyawan serta manajer PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, diperoleh indikasi bahwa tidak sedikit jumlah karyawan yang diwawancarai menyatakan, bahwa mereka pernah menerima teguran dari atasan dengan beberapa alasan,yangsebagian besar disebabkan keterlambatan memberikan laporankepada atasan, dibandingkan dengan keterlambatan masuk kerja yang jumlahnya relatif sedikit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 378, "width": 222, "height": 289, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fenomena keterlambatan pemberian laporan sebagai akibat dari rasa kurang yakin karyawan terhadap kualitas laporan yang dikerjakannya, berakibat karyawan cenderung lebih banyak memikirkan kualitas laporan yang akan diberikan kepada atasan. Dengan kata lain, karyawan lebih memikirkan apabila sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki perusahaan tidak berkualitas maka akan berakibat menghambat tujuan perusahaan. Hal tersebut membuat karyawan merasa dirinya dituntut untuk meningkatkan kualitas kerjanya agar tidak tersingkir dari perusahaan, sehingga karyawan merasa harus bekerja secara efektif dan berkompetisi dengan karyawan lainnya untuk mencapai target yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Sedangkan, apabila tuntutan pekerjaan dirasa terlalu berat, akhirnya membuat karyawan takut terhadap kesalahan dan kegagalan dalam bekerja. Akibat dari kekhawatiran ini adalah menjadi lemahnya karyawan dalam membangun keyakinan ( building trust ), yaitu interaksi dengan individu lain dan membangun rasa yakin terhadap perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 682, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kekhawatiran dan rasa kurang yakin yang menyebabkan disiplin kerja karyawan terganggu, selain akibat dari belum mampu memfokuskan waktu dan tenaga pada tugas serta pekerjaan yang berakibat ada aspek pekerjaan yang terabaikan, juga karena masih ada karyawan yang belum mampu menerima tanggung-jawab dari hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kerja orang lain baik positif maupun negatif, hal ini disebabkan karena masih ada karyawan yang belum mampu menyusun suatu kriteria atau prosedur kerja untuk mencapai kualitas, produktivitas, dan layanan kerja yang dibutuhkan. Melihat dari fenomena tersebut, konsep-diri berperan penting sebagai evaluasi individu mengenai diri sendiri, penilaian dan penafsiran mengenai dirisendiri oleh individu yang bersangkutan, serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam menentukan perilaku individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 239, "width": 223, "height": 516, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, apabila individu memandang dirinya sebagai orang yang tidak cukup memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan suatu tugas, maka seluruh perilakunya akan menunjukkan ketidakmampuannya atau sebaliknya (Rakhmat, 2000:100). Hal tersebut disimpulkan, bahwa konsep-diri karyawan ikut menentukan pada diri individu untuk mau menerima, merasakan, dan merespon diri di lingkungan tempat kerjanya supaya ketepatan waktu, patuh terhadap peraturan, serta tanggung-jawab mempunyai arti positif bagi diri individu. Melihat dari fenomena yang terjadi, peran efikasi-diri juga berguna bagi peningkatan disiplin kerja karyawan. Faktor ini menjadi berguna, karena individu dengan efikasi- diri yang tinggi akan menjadi yakin terhadap kemampuan diri untuk melaksanakan berbagai tugas dalam berbagai situasi, dan akan menganggap tugas-tugas yang sukar sebagai tantangan untuk diatasi daripada sebagai ancaman yang harus dihindari. Pandangan tersebut membantu perkembangan minat intrinsik dan memikat pada kegiatan-kegiatan yang lebih mendalam. Mereka menetapkan tujuan-tujuan yang menantang dan memelihara komitmen yang kuat terhadap tujuan tersebut, serta memotivasi diri untuk mencapainya dengan meningkatkan dan mempertahankan usaha-usaha mereka ketika menghadapi kegagalan.Keyakinan individu bahwa ia mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan baik dan mengatasi berbagai kesulitan yang muncul akan mengarahkannya pada perasaan kontrol internal yang lebih besar pada pekerjaan yang dilakukannya. Kontrol internal yang kuat atas pekerjaan yang dilakukan dapat menstimulasi pada perasaan-diri yang lebih bermakna, individu merasa lebih terlibat, serta lebih menikmati pekerjaan dalam melakukan aktivitas pekerjaannya. Keadaan ini akan menumbuhkan tingkat disiplin yang tinggi dalam melakukan pekerjaan(Bandura, 1997:3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 237 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 225, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri menjadi aspek penting yang patut diperhatikan oleh PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, karena dalam menghadapi situasi persaingan pasar, perusahaan ini perlu memandang karyawan tidak hanya sekedar sebagai tenaga kerja semata, tetapi karyawan perlu dipandang sebagai aset perusahaan yang sangat penting untuk dikelola dengan baik, karena individu-individu yang dapat memberikan tenaga, bakat, kreativitas, dan usaha mereka terhadap perusahaan adalah sumber daya yang terpenting dalam perusahaan.Maka, selain meningkatkan pembinaan yang diperlukan untukmeningkatkan kualitas tehnik (kompetensi), perusahaan perlu meningkatkan pembinaan yang mengarah pada perubahan kualitas mental karyawan yang diantaranya menyangkut pola pikir, keteladanan, dan rasa percaya-diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 223, "height": 442, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep-diridanefikasi-diri menjadi penting untuk diperhatikan karena berdasar hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Haryotomo (2008), bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsep- diri dengan disiplin kerja karyawan, yang dari hasil korelasi product moment dari Pearson menunjukkan hasil 0,584 dengan p = 0,000 (p<0,01) yang menyatakan, bahwa konsep-diri akan mengarahkan individu untuk mengambil sikap tertentu pada lingkungan, termasuk lingkungan pekerjaan. Apabila perusahaan dipersepsi secara positif, maka akan tumbuh rasa aman dan percaya terhadap wibawa perusahaan sehingga karyawan berperilaku sesuai aturan yang ada. Didukung juga oleh hasil penelitian Sari (2006) yang menyimpulkan, adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara konsep- diri dengan disiplin kerja, dengan korelasi = 0,559 dengan p = 0,000 (p < 0,01) yang menjelaskan, bahwa konsep-diri positif akan berhubungan dengan afeksi-diri sendiri dan penerimaan diri. Perasaan terhadap diri sendiri yang positif diserta penerimaan diri, akan membuat perkembangan individu dalam dunia kerja menjadi optimal melalui pengenalan tahap- tahap perkembangan dengan pemahaman yang cerdik, pengambilan keputusan yang matang, dan pengaturan diri yang bertanggung-jawab.Selain itu, dalam menanggapi peran efikasi-diri,hasil penelitian yang dilakukan olehFadiarni (2015:10), mendukung dengan adanya pengaruh secara simultan antara efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja. Pengujian pengaruh variabel bebas secara bersama-sama terhadap variabel terikatnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji F. Hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 288, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perhitungan statistik menunjukkan nilai F hitung 32,887 dan signifikan pada 0,000. Hal ini berarti bahwa hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa secara simultan variabel efikasi diri, lingkungan kerja dan disiplin kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kinerja pegawai KSOP Kelas I Tanjung Emas Semarang.Selain itu, Fadiarni (2015:9), dari Uji signifikansi pengaruh variabel efikasi diri terhadap kinerja pegawai KSOP Kelas I Tanjung Emas Semarang. Terlihat bahwa hasil pengujian hipotesis efikasi diri menunjukkan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,166 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,032. Taraf signifikansi tersebut lebih kecil dari 0,05, yang berarti bahwa hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menolak Ho dan menerima Ha. Dengan demikian dapat berarti bahwa hipotesis H1 “Efikasi diri mempunyai pengaruh positif terhadap Kinerja karyawan“ diterima. Menurutnya, bahwa faktor efikasi diri yang baik akan menghasilkan kinerja yang baik. Demikian juga dengan lingkungan kerja yang baik dan layak dan disiplin kerja yang tinggi taat pada peraturan akan membantu meningkatkan kinerja pegawai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 392, "width": 223, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fakta di atas, maka peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa konsep-diri positif dan efikasi-diri yang tinggi dapat berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan disiplin kerja yang tinggi pada karyawan. Mengingat kualitas mental karyawan dalam bekerja itu penting, namun dalam hal kualitas mental karyawan di PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, mempunyai masalah dilihat dari sudut pandang aspek konsep- diri dan efikasi-diri karyawan yang berpengaruh kepada disiplin kerja karyawannya, serta berdasar hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang menyelidiki aspek-aspek tersebut secara terpisah, maka penulis tertarik untuk meneliti faktor-faktor tersebut secara bersamaan dalam konteks yang berbeda. Maka, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti, pengaruh antara konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 658, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam suatu perusahaan, sumber daya manusia merupakan sumber yang bermanfaat dan penting. Dalam proses pengolahannya, perusahaan perlu memiliki peraturan dan norma yang ditetapkan serta harus dilaksanakan dan ditaati oleh semua karyawan yang bekerja di perusahaan tersebut agar proses kerja yang dilakukan terlaksana dengan tertib. Dalam hal ini, disebabkan karena disiplin kerja bermanfaat mendidik karyawan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 238 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 667, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk mematuhi dan menyenangi peraturan, prosedur serta kebijakan yang ada sehingga dapat menghasilkan kinerja yang baik di perusahaan tempat dirinya bekerja.Disiplin kerja diperlukan agar karyawanbersedia untuk mengubah suatu perilaku serta sebagai suatu upaya untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan kesediaan seseorang mentaati semua peraturan perusahaan dan norma-norma sosial yang berlaku (Veithzal Rivai, 2008:444). Menanggapi definisi tersebut, Sinungan (2000:145) menyebutkan, bahwa disiplin kerjasebagai sikap mental yang tercermin dalam perbuatan atau tingkah laku perorangan, kelompok atau ketentuan yang ditetapkan pemerintah atau etik, norma dan kaidah yang berlaku dalam masyarakat untuk tujuan tertentu. Pernyataan tersebut tentu menjadi kekuatan perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu karena adanya hasrat yang kuat dari individu untuk melaksanakan sepenuhnya apa yang menjadi norma, etika, dan kaidah yang berlaku dalam perusahaan.Seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Valsiner (dalam Saksono, 1994:98)tentang disiplin sebagai “perangkat internal”, diartikan sebagai sikap dan perilaku yang mencerminkan tanggung-jawab terhadap kehidupan tanpa paksaan dari luar, yang menggambarkan kemampuan individu menyesuaikan interes pribadinya dan mengendalikan dirinya untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan hukum dan norma serta kebiasaan yang berlaku dalam lingkungan sosialnya.Selain itu, disiplin sebagai “perangkat eksternal” menurut Achir (dalam Saksono, 1994:134) diartikan, sebagai alat untuk menciptakan perilaku dan tata-tertib individu sebagai pribadi maupun kelompok (masyarakat), sehingga disiplin terimplementasi dalam wujud hubungan serta sangsi berbobot yang mengatur dan mengendalikan perilaku manusia sehingga hanya dikenakan pada mereka yang melanggar hukum dan norma yang berlaku, agar pelanggar merubah perilaku dan belajar menaati hukum dan norma yang berlaku.Maka dari pernyataan tersebut dapat ditegaskan,bahwa karyawan harus dapat mengaktualisasikan diri sesuai dengan kemampuan yang dimilikinya untuk lebih berperan dalam lembaga atau perusahaan tempat mereka bekerja. Dalam mengaktualisasikan diri karyawan perlu melakukan penyesuaian diri dengan nilai-nilai sosial dalam perusahaan, dan untuk melakukannya individu berpijak pada konsep-diri yang dimilikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 680, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Individu dengan konsep-diri yang positif ialah, pertama, merasa yakin akan kemampuannya. Kedua, merasa setara dengan orang lain. Ketiga, menerima pujian tanpa rasa malu. Keempat, menyadari bahwa setiap orang mempunyai perasaan, keinginan, dan perilaku yang tidak seluruhnya disetujui oleh masyarakat. Kelima, mampu memperbaiki diri karena sanggup mengungkapkan aspek-aspek kepribadian yang tidak disenangi dan berusaha mengubahnya (Brooks &Emmert, dalam Rakhmat, 2000:105). Sehingga dari pernyataan tersebut, kepatuhan terhadap peraturan tidak dipersepsi sebagai kekalahan bagi dirinya atau ancaman dari pihak luar. Peraturan yang ada dianggap berguna untuk kebaikan dan kepentingan individu, dan secara sadar individu akan mematuhi peraturan yang ada. Berhubungan dari pernyataan tersebut, perlu diperhatikan bahwa individu bereaksi pada situasi yang sesuai dengan persepsi tentang dirinya dan dunianya. Individu tersebut bereaksi pada realitas seperti yang dipersepsikan olehnya dengan cara yang sesuai dengan konsep-dirinya. Maka perlu diperhatikan juga, bahwa ciri-ciri individu dengan konsep diri negatif adalah peka terhadap kritik, responsif terhadap pujian, tidak pandai dan tidak sanggup dalam mengungkapkan penghargaan atau pengakuan pada orang lain atau hiperkritis, merasa tidak disenangi oleh orang lain dan bersikap pesimistis terhadap kompetisi seperti terungkap dalam keengganan untuk bersaing dengan orang lain dalam membuat prestasi (Brooks & Emmert, dalam Rakhmat, 2000:105). Dari pernyataan tersebut, hal ini terjadi tentunya karena beberapa individu yakin bahwa mereka lebih banyak kontrol terhadap nasip mereka sendiri, sehingga individu tersebut memiliki kontrol dari dalam berupa ketrampilan, kemampuan, pengalaman, dan potensi yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan tingkah-laku yang mempengaruhi kejadian-kejadian disekitarnya. Sehingga perlu disadari, bahwa Individu tidak hanya mempersepsikan kontrol dari dalam dirinya sendiri tetapi juga aktif mencari kontrol dari luar yang disebabkan oleh perasaan mereka mengenai ketidakmemadainya diri mereka. Individu yang memiliki kontrol dari luar digambarkan memiliki kesulitan dengan hubungan antar pribadi, memiliki evaluasi diri yang rendah, dan penyesuaian pribadi yang sangat kurang memadai. Seperti penjelasan sebelumnya, bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi disiplin kerja adalah faktor eksternal dan internal. Individu yang menyingkapi disiplin kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 239 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 250, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "eksternal, mempersepsikan perilaku disiplinnya disebabkan oleh kontrol dari luar dirinya atau dapat dikatakan individu tersebut menerapkan disiplin kerja karena faktor eksternal. Sedangkan individu yang menyingkapi disiplin kerja internal, bahwa bagi pegawai akan diperoleh suasana kerja yang menyenangkan sehingga akan menambah semangat kerja dalam melaksanakan pekerjaannya. Dengan demikian, pegawai dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan penuh kesadaran serta dapat mengembangkan tenaga dan pikirannya semaksimal mungkin demi terwujudnya tujuan organisasi (Sutrisno, 2009:7). Berdasarkan pernyataan tersebut, tampak pengaruh konsep-diri terhadap disiplin kerja melalui cara individu menyingkapinya, baik secara internal maupun eksternal. Individu yang memiliki konsep-diri positif akan cenderung menerapkan disiplin kerja karena faktor internal atau faktor yang berasal dari dalam diri individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 353, "width": 222, "height": 339, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Chodorkoff (dalam Calhoun dan Acocella, 1995:73) menambahkan, bahwa Individu yang memiliki konsep diri positif adalah individu yang tahu betul tentang dirinya, dapat memahami dan menerima sejumlah fakta yang sangat bermacam- macam tentang dirinya sendiri, evaluasi terhadap dirinya sendiri menjadi positif dan dapat menerima keberadaan orang lain. Individu yang memiliki konsep diri positif akan merancang tujuan-tujuan yang sesuai dengan realitas, yaitu tujuan yang memiliki kemungkinan besar untuk dapat dicapai, mampu menghadapi kehidupan didepannya serta menganggap bahwa hidup adalah suatu proses penemuan. Dari pernyataan tersebut, maka individu melihat tantangan sebagai kesempatan bukan sebagai halangan. Individu dengan konsep-diri positif tidak akan mudah menyerah sebelum berperang dan jika gagal individu tersebut tidak akan menyalahkan dirinya sendiri maupun orang lain. Individu tersebut akan penuh percaya diri dan selalu bersikap positif terhadap segala sesuatu juga terhadap kegagalan yang dihadapinya. Kegagalan bukan dipandang sebagai akhir, tetapi lebih menjadikannya sebagai penemuan pelajaran berharga untuk melangkah ke depan dan dapat mengantisipasi hal-hal negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 222, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lain yang juga mempengaruhi adalah efikasi-diri.Individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri yang tinggi lebih senang membayangkan tentang kesuksesan. Semakin seseorang mempersepsikan dirinya mampu maka individu akan semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 680, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "membentuk usaha-usaha dalam mencapai tujuannnya dan semakin kuat komitmen individu terhadap tujuannya (Bandura, 1997:202). Pernyataan tersebut menunjukkan, bahwa individu memiliki motivasi yang kuat, tujuan yang jelas, emosi yang stabil, dan kemampuannya mendisiplinkan diri atas aktivitas atau perilaku dengan baik. Hal ini berkaitan dengan cara individu dalam menilai kemampuan diri sendiri secara positif maupun negatif. Individu yang mempersepsikan dirinya memiliki kemampuan yang berdampak baik bagi dirinya sendiri dan orang lain dikarenakan seseorang tersebut mampu berpikir secara positif, berbeda halnya dengan individu yang mempersepsikan kemampuan dirinya tidak dapat berdampak baik bagi dirinya sendiri dan orang merupakan individu yang selalu berpikir negatif sehingga keyakinan terhadap usaha-usaha yang akan dijalaninya akan berkurang.Selain itu, dari hasil penelitian Dwitantyyanov A., dkk. (2010) dapat disimpulkan bahwa Efikasi diri akademik kelompok terbukti lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok control. Signifikansi peningkatan skor ditunjukan oleh nilai signifikansi yang kurang dari taraf nyata (0. 000 < 0. 005), dan dari hasil penelitian dapat dikatakan bahwa salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri akademik pada individu adalah dengan pelatihan berpikir positif. Pelatihan berpikir positif dapat diidentifikasikan sebagai pelatihan yang menekankan suatu cara berpikir yang lebih menekankan pada sudut pandang dan emosi yang positif, baik terhadap diri sendiri, orang lain maupun situasi yang dihadapi. Melalui hasil penelitian tersebut, jika melihat dari pernyataan sebelumnya tentang konsep diri yang positif, maka individu yang memiliki konsep-diri positif akan menilai positif terhadap dirinya dan penilaian positif ini juga akan berpengaruh penilaiannya terhadap orang lain. Maka,konsep-diri positifberguna menumbuhkan rasa percaya-diri untuk membantu individu menghadapi setiap peristiwa di dalam hidupnya dan berdampak positif terhadap orang lain.Menurut bandura (1997:211-212), karakteristik individu yang mempunyai efikasi diri yang tinggi adalah ketika individu tersebut merasa yakin bahwa mereka mampu menangani secara efektif peristiwa dan situasi yang mereka hadapi, tekun dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas, percaya pada kemampuan diri yang mereka miliki, memandang kesulitan sebagai tantangan bukan ancaman dan suka mencari situasi baru,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 240 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 237, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menetapkan sendiri tujuan yang menantang dan meningkatkan komitmen yang kuat terhadap dirinya, menanamkan usaha yang kuat dalam apa yang dilakuakanya dan meningkatkan usaha saat menghadapi kegagalan, berfokus pada tugas dan memikirkan strategi dalam menghadapi kesulitan, cepat memulihkan rasa mampu setelah mengalami kegagalan, dan menghadapi stressor atau ancaman dengan keyakinan bahwa mereka mampu mengontrolnya. Maka, individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri yang tinggi akan mencapai suatu disiplin kerja yang baik, karena individu ini memiliki motivasi yang kuat, tujuan yang jelas, emosi yang stabil dan kemampuannya untuk mendisiplinkan diri atas aktivitas atau perilaku dirinya dengan sukses. Disiplin kerja yang baik dari seorang karyawan dengan efikasi-diri yang tinggi menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan kerja yang dialami karyawan tersebut juga tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 341, "width": 223, "height": 225, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uraian di atas dapat diterangkan, bahwa efikasi- diri juga berpengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan. Lent dan Hacket (dalam O’Neill & Mone, 1998) dalam penelitiannya menemukan, bahwa individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri tinggi pada umumnya memiliki disiplin kerja yang tinggi dalam suatu organisasi daripada individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri yang rendah. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri tinggi memiliki rasa percaya diri yang tinggi untuk mengejar tantangan karir. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri tinggi akan terpacu untuk mengejar tujuan yang lebih tinggi, lebih berprestasi dalam pekerjaannya, dan memiliki pengalaman yang memuaskan sehingga lebih mengembangkan tingkat disiplinnya dalam bekerja di suatu organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 581, "width": 223, "height": 187, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian lain juga menerangkan, bahwa pengaruh efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja dicirikan oleh tingginya kadar energi dan ketahanan mental saat bekerja, kesediaan untuk menginvestasikan diri dalam pekerjaan, dan bahkan ketekunan dalam menghadapi kesulitan. Hasilnya adalah dedikasi mengacu untuk menjadi sangat terlibat dalam pekerjaan individu dan mengalami rasa memiliki makna, antusiasme, inspirasi, kebanggaan, dan tantangan. Akhirnya, efikasi-diri ditandai dengan konsentrasi penuh dan menjadi bahagia dengan pekerjaan dimana dengan waktu yang berlalu cepat sehingga sulit untuk melepaskan diri dari pekerjaan (Schaufeli, 2002).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 313, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uraian di atas disimpulkan, bahwa karyawan yang mempunyai efikasi-diri tinggi cenderung memilih tugas yang lebih menantang dan cenderung lebih cepat menerima serta senantiasa terbuka kepada perubahan. Bagi mereka perubahan lebih dilihat sebagai tantangan supaya mereka lebih giat dan tekun dalam usaha yang dilakukannya, serta lebih intensif dalam menerapkan berbagai keterampilannya untuk mewujudkan hasil yang maksimal. Hal tersebut menunjukkan, bahwa konsep-diri positif membuat diri karyawan lebih optimis dalam memandang pekerjaannya, karena mereka lebih banyak menikmati proyeksi positif atas konsekuensi perubahan dalam pekerjaan. Tampak, bahwa pentingnya konsep-diri positif dan efikasi-diri positif bagi disiplin kerja karyawan karena bagi individu yang optimis ketika dirinya mengalami kegagalan dan hambatan dalam pekerjaannya, itu semua diyakini hanya sementara atau kasus tersebut hanya terjadi dalam pekerjaan tertentu saja atau tidak semuanya, sehingga kegagalan dan hambatan tersebut diyakini dapat diperbaiki supaya tidak terulang kembali dalam bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 431, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 456, "width": 222, "height": 313, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian, yaitu untuk mengukur konsep-diri, efikasi-diri, dan disiplin kerja karyawan dengan menggunakan skala psikologi.Menurut Azwar (2010:3-4), skala psikologi memiliki karakteristik khusus yang berbeda dengan alat pengumpulan data lainnya seperti angket, daftar isian, dan lain sebagainya. Beberapa karakteristik skala yang berfungsi sebagai alat ukur psikologis adalah 1) stimulusnya berupa pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang tidak langsung mengungkap atribut yang hendak diukur melainkan mengungkap indikator perilaku dari atribut yang bersangkutan; 2) skala psikologi selalu berisi banyak item; dan 3) respon subjek tidak diklasifikasikan dalam benar atau salah namun semua jawaban dapat diterima sepanjang diberikan jawaban jujur dan sungguh- sungguh. Dengan demikian, alat ukur dalam penelitian ini untuk konsep-diri, efikasi-diri, dan disiplin kerja karyawan disebut sebagai skala konsep-diri, skala efikasi-diri, dan skala disiplin kerja karyawan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengisian skala adalah dengan menggunakan angket atau pernyataan-pernyataan yang diajukan secara tertulis kepada responden.Semua skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 241 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini disusun berdasarkan skala Likert dengan 4 kategori pilihan jawaban, dansemua skala disusun berdasarkan item favorable dan unfavorable .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 151, "width": 222, "height": 200, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran variabel disiplin kerja menggunakan metode pengisian kuesioner berupa skala disiplin kerja. Subjek diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner disiplin kerja yang terdiri dari tiga aspek, yaitu: ketepatan waktu, kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perusahaan, dan tanggung-jawab.Pengukuran variabel konsep-diri menggunakan metode pengisian kuesioner berupa skala konsep-diri. Subjek diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner konsep- diri yang terdiri dari empat aspek, yaitu: fisik, psikis, sosial, dan moral.Pengukuran variabel efikasi-diri menggunakan metode pengisian kuesioner berupa skala efikasi-diri. Subjek diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner efikasi-diri yang terdiri dari empat aspek, yaitu: kognitif, motivasi, afeksi, dan seleksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validitas berasal dari kata validity yang mempunyai arti sejauh mana ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsi ukurnya (Azwar, 2010:5). Untuk mengetahui sejauhmana ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsinya, maka diperlukan untuk melakukan pengukuran secara cermat terhadap pertanyaan- pertanyaan. Nilai korelasi minimal 0,30 cukup valid, apabila koefisien validitas itu kurang daripada 0,30 biasanya dianggap sebagai tidak memuaskan (Azwar, 2010:103).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 223, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui validitas dari alat ukur adalah mengkorelasikan nilai yang diperoleh dari setiap item dengan skor total, dan untuk memperoleh koefisien korelasi dengan skor total digunakan teknik korelasi product moment dari Pearson menggunakan bantuan komputer dengan SPSS for windows versi 17.0 pada setiap item dari ketiga angket yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 682, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas merupakan indeks yang menunjukkan sejauhmana suatu alat pengukur dapat dipercaya atau dapat diandalkan. Alat ukur dikatakan reliabel bila mampu menunjukan sejauhmana alat ukur tersebut memberikan hasil yang relatif tidak berbeda bila dilakukan pengukuran kembali terhadap subyek yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 199, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sama.Uji reliabilitas dilakukan dengan metode ” internal consistency ” yang merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menguji sampai sejauhmana pengukuran memberikan hasil yang relatif tidak beda bila dilakukan pengukuran kembali terhadap subyek yang sama (Azwar, 2010:5).Dalam penelitian ini, perhitungan reliabilitas dilakukan dengan teknik koefisien Alpha Cronbach menggunakan SPSS for windows versi 17.0. Kriteria reliabilitas menurut Kaplan dan Saccuzzo (dalam Putri, 2009), kriteria reliabilitas yang digunakan bila: r > 0,7 berarti, bahwa alat ukur tersebut dapat diandalkan dalam melakukan penelitian. Sedangkan, r <0,7berarti, bahwa alat ukur tersebut tidak dapat diandalkan dalam melakukan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 303, "width": 222, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Coba Alat Ukur dalam Validitas dan Reliabilitas Skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 341, "width": 223, "height": 199, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum dilakukan penelitian atau pengambilan data, peneliti melakukan uji coba alat ukur ( try out ) terlebih dahulu untuk mengetahui ketepatan dan kecermatan, serta untuk mengetahui tingkat reliabilitas alat ukur tersebut. Subjek dalam uji coba alat ukur ini adalah staf karyawan Pertamina Training Centre (PTC) di Depot Pelayanan pengisian Pesawat Udara (DPPU) Juanda, Surabaya.Uji coba alat ukur dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik insidental atau siapa saja yang bertemu dengan peneliti dapat digunakan sebagai sampel bila dipandang orang yang kebetulan ditemui itu cocok sebagai sumber data (Sugiyono, 2010:217). Dari perhitungan validitas dan reliabilitas skala disiplin kerja, konsep-diri, dan efikasi-diri, diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 556, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skala Disiplin Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 581, "width": 222, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disiplin kerja diukur melalui tiga aspek, yaitu: ketepatan waktu, kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perusahaan, dan tanggung-jawab. Validitas skala disiplin kerja bergerak dari 0.373 hingga 0.759. Dari perhitungan validitas terdapat 5 item yang gugur, sehingga dari 31 item pernyataan terdapat 26 item yang valid.Koefisien Alpha Cronbach dari 26 butir item valid adalah 0.932, yang berarti skala disiplin kerja tersebut memiliki tingkat reliabilitas yang sangat baik, dan alat ukur disiplin kerja dapat diandalkan dalam melakukan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 242 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skala Konsep Diri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 222, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep-diri diukur melalui empat aspek, yaitu: fisik, psikis, sosial, dan moral. Validitas skala konsep-diri bergerak dari 0.318 hingga 0.680. Dari perhitungan validitas terdapat 9 item yang gugur, sehingga dari 40 item pernyataan terdapat 31 item yang valid.Koefisien Alpha Cronbach dari 31 butir item valid adalah 0.911, yang berarti skala konsep-diri tersebut memiliki tingkat reliabilitas yang sangat baik, dan alat ukur konsep-diri dapat diandalkan dalam melakukan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skala Efikasi Diri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 290, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Efikasi-diri diukur melalui empat aspek, yaitu: kognitif, motivasi, afeksi, dan seleksi. Validitas skala efikasi-diri bergerak dari 0.303 hingga 0.666. Dari perhitungan validitas terdapat 6 item yang gugur, sehingga dari 32 item pernyataan terdapat 26 item yang valid.Koefisien Alpha Cronbach dari 26 butir item valid adalah 0.888, yang berarti skala efikasi-diri tersebut memiliki tingkat reliabilitas yang sangat baik, dan alat ukur efikasi-diri dapat diandalkan dalam melakukan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 94, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisa Data Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Supramono dan Haryanto (2005)menyatakan, bahwa sebelum melakukan pengujian hipotesis, data perlu terlebih dulu diuji agar memenuhi kriteria Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (BLUE) sehingga dapat menghasilkan parameter penduga yang sahih. Menurut Ghozali (2011:105),dalam penelitian ini terdapat empat uji asumsi klasik, yang diantaranya adalah: uji normalitas, uji multikolonieritas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji linearitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 619, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 644, "width": 223, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian, teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda.Analisis regresi berganda bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana keadaan variabel dependen, bila dua atau lebih variabelindependen sebagai prediktor dimanipulasi (Sugiyono, 2010:277).Analisa ini digunakan karena jumlah variabel independen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini lebih dari dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 114, "width": 222, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 151, "width": 223, "height": 150, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uji validitas dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson item dan skor item pada skala disiplin kerja dalam penelitian ini, diperoleh 4 item yang gugur dan 22 item valid, dengan rentang nilai antara 0.341 sampai dengan 0.732. Coefisien alpha cronbach dari 22 item valid adalah 0.896, untuk itu reliabilitas skala disiplin kerja ini sah atau valid dan berada pada kategori dapat diandalkan untuk mengukur variabel yang hendak diukur yaitu disiplin kerja karyawan karena memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi yaitu diatas 0.60 (Ghozali, 2009:45-46).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 316, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, dari uji validitas dengan menggunakan korelasi Pearson item dan skor item pada skala konsep-diri dalam penelitian ini, diperoleh 5 item yang gugur dan 26 item valid, dengan rentang nilai antara 0.308 sampai dengan 0.701. Coefisien alpha cronbach dari 26 item valid adalah 0.896, untuk itu reliabilitas skala konsep-diri ini sah atau valid dan berada pada kategori dapat diandalkan untuk mengukur variabel yang hendak diukur yaitu konsep-diri karena memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi yaitu diatas 0.60 (Ghozali, 2009:45-46).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 480, "width": 222, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain itu, pada skala efikasi-diri dalam penelitian ini, diperoleh 6 item yang gugur dan 20 item valid, dengan rentang nilai antara 0.320 sampai dengan 0.683. Coefisien alpha cronbach dari 20 item valid adalah 0.861, untuk itu reliabilitas skala efikasi-diri ini sah atau valid dan berada pada kategori dapat diandalkan untuk mengukur variabel yang hendak diukur yaitu efikasi-diri karena memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi yaitu diatas 0.60 (Ghozali, 2009:45-46).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 620, "width": 220, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perhitungan Nilai Maximun, Minimum, Rata- rata, dan Standar Deviasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 658, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Disiplin kerja dari subyek penelitian mempunyai rata-rata sebesar 67,57 dengan standar deviasi 7,060 bergerak dari kategori sedang (53) sampai dengan kategori sangat tinggi (86). Selanjutnya, konsep-diri dari subyek penelitian mempunyai rata-rata sebesar 79,40 dengan standar deviasi 7,564 bergerak dari kategori sedang (59) sampai dengan kategori sangat tinggi (97), dan yang terakhir efikasi-diri dari subyek penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 243 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mempunyai rata-rata sebesar 59, 99 dengan standar deviasi 5,401 bergerak dari kategori sedang (43) sampai dengan kategori sangat tinggi (73). Untuk menentukan tinggi rendahnya setiap variabel, digunakan kategori, yakni: rendah, sedang, tinggi, dan sangat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Disiplin Kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 201, "width": 222, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah item yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel disiplin kerja adalah 22 item valid, maka skor yang mungkin diperoleh bergerak dari 22 sampai dengan 88 (22 x 4).Adapun rumus yang digunakan untuk mencari rentang skor adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 222, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 16,5 Dengan demikian, tinggi rendahnya disiplin kerja karyawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 349, "width": 223, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikategorikan sebagai berikut:responden yang menjawab skala disiplin kerja pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 30%, kemudian pada kategori tinggi sebesar 65%, dan hanya 5% yang menjawab skala disiplin kerja dengan kategori sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 437, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Konsep-Diri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 222, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah item yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel konsep-diri adalah 26 item valid, maka skor yang mungkin diperoleh bergerak dari 26 sampai dengan 104 (26 x 4).Adapun penghitungan yang digunakan untuk mencari rentang skor adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 554, "width": 34, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 19,5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, tinggi rendahnya konsep-diri karyawan dikategorikan sebagai berikut: responden yang menjawab skala konsep-diri pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 20%, kemudian pada kategori tinggi sebesar 75%, dan hanya 5% yang menjawab skala konsep-diri dengan kategori sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Efikasi-Diri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 709, "width": 222, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah item yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel efikasi-diri adalah 20 item valid, maka skor yang mungkin diperoleh bergerak dari 20 sampai dengan 80 (20 x 4).Adapun penghitungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang digunakan untuk mencari rentang skor adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 371, "top": 128, "width": 25, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 157, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, tinggi rendahnya efikasi-diri karyawan dikategorikan sebagai berikut: responden yang menjawab skala efikasi-diri pada kategori sangat tinggi yaitu 16%, kemudian pada kategori tinggi sebesar 80%, dan hanya 4% yang menjawab skala efikasi-diri dengan kategori sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 258, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 271, "width": 66, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 296, "width": 223, "height": 250, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari grafik histogram menjelaskan, bahwa residual terdistribusi secara normal dan berbentuk simetris tidak menceng ke kanan atau ke kiri. Pada grafik normal probility plots titik-titik menyebar berhimpit di sekitar diagonal dan hal ini menunjukkan bahwa residual terdistribusi secara normal. Sementara, hasil uji kolmogorov- smirnov menunjukkan hasil, bahwa disiplin kerja memiliki nilai p= 0.074 (p>0.05), artinya bahwa data disiplin kerja terdistribusi normal. Pada variabel konsep-diri memiliki nilai p= 0.130 (p>0.05), artinya bahwa data konsep-diri terdistribusi normal. Selanjutnya, variabel efikasi-diri memiliki nilai p= 0.092 (p>0.05), artinya bahwa data efikasi-diri terdistribusi normal.Jadi, secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, data penelitian ini memenuhi syarat asumsi normalitas, dan model regresi layak digunakan untuk memprediksi disiplin kerja berdasarkan konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 562, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Multikolonieritas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 587, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil perhitungan nilai tolerance menunjukkan, bahwa tidak ada variabel independen yang memiliki nilai tolerance kurang dari 0.10 yang berarti tidak ada korelasi antar variabel independen, dan hasil perhitungan nilai Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) menunjukkan nilai VIF di sekitar angka 1. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan, bahwa tidak ada multikolonieritas antar variabel independen dalam model regresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 701, "width": 222, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan, menganalisis hasil besaran korelasi antar variabel independen, tampak variabel konsep-diri mempunyai korelasi cukup tinggi dengan variabel efikasi-diri, dengan tingkat korelasi sebesar – 0,113. Oleh karena korelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 244 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "masih di bawah 0.95 (95%), maka disimpulkan tidak terjadi multikolonieritas yang serius.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 125, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 151, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grafik scatterplot menunjukkan, titik-titik menyebar secara acak serta tersebar baik di atas maupun di bawah angka 0 (nol) pada sumbu Y. Hal ini disimpulkan, bahwa tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas pada model regresi, sehingga model regresi layak digunakan untuk memprediksi disiplin kerja berdasarkan masukan variabel independen, yaitu: konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Linearitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 303, "width": 223, "height": 136, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji linearitas pada variabel konsep-diri dan disiplin kerja, disimpulkan bahwa nilai F beda adalah 1,471 dengan signifikansi 0.121 (p>0.05), maka terdapat linearitas hubungan antara konsep-diri dengan disiplin kerja. Sementara, hasil uji linearitas pada variabel efikasi-diri dan disiplin kerja, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai F beda adalah 1,422 dengan signifikansi 0.148 (p>0.05), maka disimpulkan bahwa terdapat linearitas hubungan antara efikasi-diri dengan disiplin kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 455, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisa Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 223, "height": 162, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil output SPSS for windows versi 17.0 menunjukkan, bahwa koefisien determinasi/ R Square (R²) sebesar 0.517. Hal ini menjelaskan, bahwa 51,7% dari variasi yang terjadi pada disiplin kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi kedua variabel independen, yakni: konsep-diri (X1) dan efikasi-diri (X2), sedang sisanya yaitu 48,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini sehingga tidak dapat dijelaskan. Jadi,hipotesis yang menjelaskan konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor terhadap disiplin kerja, diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 682, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji signifikansi simultan (uji statistik F) dengan menggunakan uji anova (F- test ) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah semua variabel independen atau variabel bebas yang dimasukkan dalam model mempunyai pengaruh secara bersama-sama atau simultan terhadap variabel dependen atau variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada uji signifikansi simultan (uji statistik F), diperoleh nilai Fhitung sebesar 38,596 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.000 (p<0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 138, "width": 222, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara bersama-sama atau simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja. Probabilitas (0.000) jauh lebih kecil dari 0.05, maka kedua variabel independen yaitu konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor disiplin kerja. Dengan demikian, hipotesis penelitian yang menyebutkan, bahwa konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja, diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 277, "width": 223, "height": 200, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, dilakukan uji statistik t untuk menunjukkan seberapa jauh pengaruh satu variabel penjelas/ independen, yaitu konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara individual atau parsial dalam menerangkan variasi variabel dependen,yaitu disiplin kerja. Pada uji statistik t diperoleh hasil, bahwa dari kedua variabel independen yang dimasukan ke dalam model regresi, variabel konsep-diri tidak signifikan karena dilihat dari probabilitas signifikansi untuk konsep-diri sebesar 0.622 atau jauh dari kriteria signifikan (p- value <0.05), hal ini menjelaskan variabel konsep-diri secara parsial tidak mempengaruhi variabel disiplin kerja. Sedangkan, variabel efikasi-diri dapat memenuhi kriteria signifikan dengan probabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 480, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "signifikansi sebesar 0.000 atau jauh lebih kecil dari 0.05. Hal ini berarti, secara parsial variabel efikasi-diri berpengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja.Dari hasil tersebut,disimpulkan bahwa variabel disiplin kerja dipengaruhi oleh efikasi- diri dengan persamaan garis regresi:Disiplin Kerja = 8.601 + 0.933 Efikasi-Diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 581, "width": 223, "height": 174, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh antar variable tersebut dapat dijelaskan, bahwa konstanta sebesar 8.601 menyatakan, bahwa jika variabel independen dianggap konstan, maka nilai rata-rata disiplin kerja sebesar 8.601. Selain itu, koefisien regresi efikasi-diri sebesar 0.933 menyatakan, bahwa setiap penambahan satu satuan atau tingkat efikasi-diri akan berdampak pada meningkatnya disiplin kerja karyawan sebesar 0.933 satuan.Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis penelitian, maka hipotesis yang menyatakan konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan, diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 245 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumbangan Efektif Tiap Variabel Independen terhadap Variabel Dependen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 125, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut ini dipaparkan besarnya sumbangan yang diberikan oleh masing-masing variabel independen terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan, dimana konsep-diri memberi pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 0.4% (β = 0.041), dan efikasi- diri memberi pengaruh yang signifikan sebesar 51.3% (β = 0.714).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 227, "width": 222, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses penghitungan sumbangan efektif dari tiap variabel digunakan rumus sebagai berikut: SE X1 = Nilai β x Koefisien Korelasi X1Y x 100% SE X2 = Nilai β x Koefisien Korelasi X2Y x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 287, "width": 223, "height": 174, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil koefisien korelasi antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen menunjukkan, bahwa besarnya koefisien korelasi antara konsep- diri terhadap disiplin kerja adalah rX1Y= 0.121 dan efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja adalah rX2Y= 0.718, dan berikut ini dipaparkan ringkasan sumbangan efektif tiap variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen.Total sebesar 51.7%, merupakan hasil dari koefisien determinasi (R²) atau R Square yang menunjukkan bahwa variasi yang terjadi pada disiplin kerja dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi kedua variabel independen, yakni konsep-diri (X1) dan efikasi-diri (X2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilihat dari perbandingan tinggi rendahnya sumbangan efektif yang terjadi dalam hubungan tidak langsung antara variabel konsep-diri dengan efikasi-diri terhadap variabel disiplin kerja dapat diketahui, bahwa dari 51.7%, mayoritas 51.3% merupakan sumbangan efektif yang berasal dari efikasi-diri, dan sisanya sebesar 0.4% berasal dari konsep-diri. Berdasarkan temuan ini,disimpulkan bahwa efikasi-diri merupakan variabel bebas yang paling baik di dalam memberi pengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja jika dibandingkan dengan variabel konsep-diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 641, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumbangan Efektif Tiap Aspek terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 653, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Dependen", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 679, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melalui uji korelasi, menunjukkan koefisien korelasi antara konsep-diri (X1) terhadap disiplin kerja (Y) sebesar rX1Y= 0.121 sehingga sumbangan efektif adalah 0.4%. Sementara,koefisien korelasi antara efikasi-diri (X2) terhadap disiplin kerja (Y) sebesar rX2Y=0.718 sehingga sumbangan efektif adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 338, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "51.3%. Peneliti juga ingin mengidentifikasi berapa sumbangan efektif masing-masing aspek dari tiap variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Tetapi, berdasarkan hasil uji signifikan parameter individual (uji statistik t) menunjukkan hasil, bahwa variabel konsep-diri secara parsial tidak mempengaruhi variabel disiplin kerja, sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi kriteria signifikan (p- value <0.05), maka peneliti hanya ingin mengidentifikasi sumbangan efektif masing- masing aspek efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan.Aspek efikasi-diri dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari empat aspek, yaitu: kognitif, motivasi, afeksi, dan seleksi, dengan identifikasi yangmenunjukkanempat buah hasil cross-product yang diantaranya adalah: untuk aspek kognitif 723.733, aspek motivasi 265.293, aspek afeksi 681.573, dan aspek seleksi 355.973. Langkah selanjutnya adalah mencari bobot tiap aspek (b) yang dapat diketahui melalui analisis regresi dengan hasil yang menunjukkan, bahwa nilai regresi dan bobot (b) tiap aspek efikasi-diri, nilai bobot pada aspek kognitif adalah 1.746, aspek motivasi 0.004, aspek afeksi 0.222, aspek seleksi 1.830. Selanjutnya, untuk mengetahui sumbangan efektif dari empat aspek efikasi-diri akan dapat diketahui melalui penghitungan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 446, "width": 189, "height": 79, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= x 100% Keterangan: = Koefisien b aspek x CP = Cross-product aspek x Regression = Nilai regresi R² = Sumbangan efektif total", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 540, "width": 222, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil output SPSS for windows versi 17.0, diperoleh koefisien yang dapat dimasukkan ke dalam rumus di atas, yang rangkumannya adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 606, "width": 166, "height": 60, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= x 100% = 31.36% = x 100% = 0.03% = x 100% = 3.76% = x 100% = 16.17%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 684, "width": 223, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keempat sumbangan efektif di atas menunjukkan, bahwaaspek kognitif merupakan salah satu aspek yang menonjol dalam memberikan sumbangan efektif kepada disiplin kerja (31.36%). Hal ini menunjukkan kesanggupan individu untuk membuat pertimbangan terhadap suatu kondisi, merancang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 246 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 111, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tindakan, dan ide-ide, misalkan individu dihadapkan pada beberapa pilihan maka ia akan mampu memilih satu pilihan yang terbaik sesuai dengan kriteria yang ada. Hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan, bahwa inisiatif timbul dari dalam diri individu yang menggunakan daya pikir. Inisiatif menimbulkan kehendak untuk mewujudkan suatu yang berguna bagi penyelesaian pekerjaan dengan sebaik-baiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 223, "height": 200, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hipotesis penelitian menyebutkan, bahwa konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V, Surabaya. Dari hasil analisa membuktikan, bahwa hipotesis tersebut diterima. Hal ini dibuktikan dari hasil uji signifikansi simultan (uji statistik F) yang menunjukkan nilai F sebesar 38,596 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0.000 (p<0.05). Ini berarti, konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara bersama-sama memberi pengaruh positif terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan. Semakin tinggi konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri karyawan, maka dapat diramalkan makins tinggi pula disiplin kerja karyawan terhadap perusahaan, atau sebaliknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 429, "width": 223, "height": 225, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri karyawan bagian pemasaran dalam penelitian ini, tidak lepas dari peran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, dalam keterlibatannya untuk membentuk sumber daya manusianya. Hal ini bisa dikoreksi dari contoh fenomena yang muncul di perusahaan ini, bahwa keterlambatan dalam pemberian laporan kepada atasan berangkat dari rasa kurang yakin karyawan terhadap kualitas laporan sehingga karyawan lebih cenderung banyak berpikir apabila sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki perusahaan tidak berkualitas maka akan dapat menghambat tujuan perusahaan, sehingga karyawan merasa dirinya dituntut untuk meningkatkan kualitas kerjanya agar tidak tersingkir dari perusahaan, akhirnya karyawan takut terhadap kesalahan dan kegagalan dalam bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 669, "width": 223, "height": 99, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pentingnya konsep-diri sebagai pandangan dan perasaan individu tentang dirinya sendiri, dengan didukung oleh efikasi-diri yang berguna bagi individu karena membuat individu menjadi lebih gigih ketika dihadapkan dengan tantangan, tentunya berguna untuk mengurangi keterlambatan dan meningkatkan disiplin kerja, karena bentuk komunikasi apapun yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 222, "height": 60, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "disampaikan kepada rekan kerja atau atasan, individu akan semakin termotivasi ketika menerima umpan balik yang diberikan dalam bentuk apapun, baik itu positif maupun negatif (Rakhmat, 2000:99).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 163, "width": 223, "height": 390, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seperti pendapat Sutrisno (2009:7), bahwa individu tidak hanya mempersepsikan kontrol dari dalam dirinya sendiri tetapi juga secara aktif mencari kontrol dari luar yang disebabkan oleh perasaan mereka mengenai ketidakmemadainya diri mereka. Pernyataan tersebut menjelaskan, bahwa konsep-diri positif akan membuat individu mampu menganalisis secara objektif setiap peristiwa yang terjadi di sekitar dirinya, apa yang dipikirkan oleh individu akan berpengaruh terhadap perilakunya dalam membentuk suatu pengertian terhadap sesuatu yang dihadapi, dengan didukung oleh efikasi-diri yang tinggi, tentu akan mendukung karyawan dalam mempersepsikan setiap kritikan yang masuk, baik secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung dari rekan kerja maupun atasan sebagai tantangan dalam mengejar tujuan dalam bekerja. Jadi, apabila perusahaan dipersepsi secara positif dan tantangan dalam bekerja adalah sebagai bentuk motivasi supaya lebih giat dalam bekerja untuk memperoleh hasil, maka akan tumbuh rasa aman dan percaya pada otoritas perusahan, yaitu akan berperilaku sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada di perusahaan. Kenyataan dari hasil, bahwa konsep- diri dan efikasi-diri menyumbangkan 51,7% terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sumbangan yang diberikan konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri di atas 50%, dan sisanya 48,3% diberikan kerpada faktor lain yang juga mempengaruhi disiplin kerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 568, "width": 222, "height": 200, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seperti penelitian Haryotomo (2008) yang menyimpulkan, bahwa adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara konsep-diri dengan disiplin kerja pada karyawan, dengan hasil korelasi product moment dari Pearson adalah 0,584 dengan p =0,000 (p < 0,01), yang menunjukkan bahwa konsep-diri akan mengarahkan individu untuk mengambil sikap tertentu pada lingkungan, termasuk lingkungan pekerjaan. Apabila perusahaan dipersepsi secara positif, maka akan tumbuh rasa aman dan percaya terhadap wibawa perusahaan, sehingga karyawan berperilaku sesuai dengan peraturan yang ada di perusahaan. Selain itu, Fadiarni (2015:10), mendukung dengan adanya pengaruh secara simultan antara efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja. Pernyataan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 247 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut menjelaskan, bahwa individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri yang kuat diyakini akan mempengaruhi keyakinan individu dalam memilih tugas, tingkat kedisiplinan dalam mengerjakan tugas, dan ketekunan dalam melaksanakan tugas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 223, "height": 352, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun, secara parsial diketahui bahwa variabel konsep-diri tidak mempengaruhi variabel disiplin kerja karena memiliki probabilitas signifikansi sebesar 0.622 atau jauh dari kriteria signifikan (p<0.05). Sedangkan, pada variabel efikasi-diri menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja karena memiliki probabilitas signifikansi sebesar 0.000 atau jauh lebih kecil dari 0.05. Hasil ini menunjukkan, individu yang memiliki konsep-diri yang rendah akan tampak ragu-ragu, kurang percaya-diri dengan kemampuan dan penampilan, serta kurang berani dalam menghadapi persaingan antar sesama rekan kerja meskipun individu tersebut memiliki kemampuan dan penampilan yang menarik. Hal ini menjelaskan, bahwa bila individu menilai dirinya kurang baik, maka individu akan menganggap remeh dan membayangkan kegagalan. Oleh sebab itu, menurut O’neil dan Mone (1998), efikasi-diri ikut berperan dalam organisasi adalah untuk membuat individu lebih gigih dan termotivasi ketika mendapatkan umpan balik yang negatif. Hal ini bisa dipahami karena individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri tinggi pada umumnya lebih fleksibel dalam menghadapi perubahan, tidak mudah menyerah, serta memiliki kepercayaan diri yang tinggi untuk mengejar tantangan karir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 223, "height": 187, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan koefisien determinasi (r² = R Square ), sumbangan efektif variabel konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan sebesar 51.7%, hal ini berarti 51.7% dari variasi yang terjadi pada disiplin kerja sebagai variabel terikat (dependen) dapat dijelaskan oleh variasi konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri sebagai variabel bebas (independen). Sedangkan, sumbangan efektif dari masing- masing variabel independen terhadap disiplin kerja sebagai variabel dependen menunjukkan, bahwa konsep-diri memberi sumbangan efektif sebesar 0.4% dengan β = 0.041, dan efikasi-diri memberi sumbangan efektif sebesar 51.3% dengan β = 0.714.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 745, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rendahnya sumbangan efektif yang diberikan oleh konsep-diri terhadap disiplin kerja bahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 414, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "secara parsial konsep-diri tidak mempengaruhi variabel disiplin kerja karena memiliki probabilitas signifikansi yang jauh dari kriteria signifikan (p<0.05), Maka hal tersebut menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang positif antara konsep-diri dengan disiplin kerja karyawan, tetapi variabel konsep-diri dari hasil penelitian ini tetap memberi peranan kepada keadaan diri dan perasaan yakin individu tentang kemampuan yang dimilikinya sehingga dapat memunculkan efek efikasi-diri pada individu, karena penghargaan terhadap diri yang merupakan evaluasi terhadap diri sendiri akan menentukan sejauhmana individu yakin akan kemampuan dirinya dan keberhasilan yang dicapainya (Kreitner & Kinichi, 2003:127). Sehingga, dari hasil penelitian ini efikasi-diri memiliki keefektifan, yaitu individu mampu menilai dirinya, memiliki kekuatan untuk menghasilkan pengaruh yang diinginkan, dan tingginya efikasi-diri yang dipersepsikan akan memotivasi individu melalui kognisi untuk bertindak lebih tepat, terarah, dan sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku, terutama apabila tujuan yang hendak dicapai merupakan tujuan jelas, dengan kata lain keyakinan individu bahwa dirinya mampu melakukan perbuatan yang dibutuhkan dalam tugas, pikiran individu terhadap efikasi-diri menentukan seberapa besar usaha yang dicurahkan, dan seberapa lama individu akan bertahan dalam menghadapi hambatan atau pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan (Kreitner & Kinichi, 2003:127).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 518, "width": 223, "height": 199, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada variabel efikasi-diri dalam penelitian ini, aspek yang memberi sumbangan efektif tertinggi kepada variabel disiplin kerja adalah aspek kognitif, yaitu sebesar 31.36%, dan hal ini berarti individu memiliki keyakinan dan percaya bahwa disiplin kerja bila diterapkan akan memberikan hasil berupa kesuksesan dalam berkarir. Penjelasan tersebut menunjukkan, bahwa individu yang memiliki efikasi-diri yang positif dapat diketahui dari keyakinan akan kemampuan diri, yaitu sikap positif individu tentang dirinya bahwa dirinya mengerti sungguh-sungguh akan apa yang dilakukan, misalnya optimis yaitu sikap positif dari seseorang yang selalu berpandangan baik dalam menghadapi segala bentuk permasalahan tentang diri dalam bekerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 733, "width": 223, "height": 35, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas, adanya pengaruh antara konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan kemungkinan besar disebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 248 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 187, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh pandangan individu pada dirinya, bahwa dirinya memiliki kemampuan untuk melaksanakan suatu pekerjaan dan bertanggung- jawab terhadap pekerjaan yang merupakan sudah menjadi kewajiban setiap karyawan, sehingga dengan pandangan tersebut individu akan berupaya melakukan pekerjaan dengan baik dalam arti bekerja tepat waktu, patuh terhadap peraturan perusahaan, dan bertanggung-jawab terhadap pekerjaan yang diberikan. Sehingga, apabila individu memandang dirinya sebagai orang yang tidak cukup memiliki kemampuan untuk melakukan suatu tugas, maka seluruh perilakunya akan menunjukkan ketidakmampuannya tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 265, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 223, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebaliknya.Jadi penjelasan tersebut menunjukkan, bahwa konsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 354, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 380, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 404, "width": 223, "height": 74, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Berdasarkan uraian dan analisis hasil, maka disimpulkanbahwakonsep-diri dan efikasi-diri secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 480, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Secara parsial, variabel yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan adalah variabel efikasi-diri dengan p= 0,000 (p<0,05), sedangkan variabel konsep-diri tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan karena p=0,622 atau jauh dari kriteria (p<0,05).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 569, "width": 222, "height": 86, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Variabel efikasi-diri memberikan sumbangan efektif yang besar terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, yaitu sebesar 51,3%, dibandingkan variabel konsep-diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran, yaitu dengan hasil 0,4%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 31, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 222, "height": 61, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Karyawan dapat menjaga disiplin kerja yang tinggi untuk dimiliki. Jika dari dalam diri karyawan dapat mempertahankan adanya disiplin kerja, maka faktor yang berasal dari luar akan lebih mudah dikendalikan. Hal yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 88, "width": 208, "height": 111, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "lebih penting adalah disiplin secara internal, yaitu menanamkan disiplin diri untuk memotivasi disiplin kerja secara eksternal. Bentuk dalam menjaga disiplin kerja pada karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, seperti: tepat waktu dan bertanggung-jawab dalam setiap pekerjaan, serta mematuhi setiap peraturan perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 201, "width": 223, "height": 74, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Karyawan lebih proaktif dalam merancang alternatif-alternatif tindakan, baik secara kognisi maupun perilaku pada berbagai macam bentuk pekerjaannya, dan memanfaatkan secara maksimal setiap bimbingan yang diberikan perusahaan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 277, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "misalnya kursus maupun on the job training (OJT) yang diberikan perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 303, "width": 222, "height": 85, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Karyawan lebih giat lagi untuk memotivasi diri dengan berpikir optimis pada dirinya, yaitu dengan membangun rasa yakin terhadap kemampuan yang dimilikinya maupun yakin bahwa peraturan yang dimiliki perusahaan mempunyai tujuan positif pada diri karyawan untuk memperoleh hasil yang diharapkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 404, "width": 223, "height": 275, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pimpinan harus lebih bisa berinteraksi dengan karyawan supaya bisa menjelaskan secara rinci standar etika yang berlaku bagi setiap karyawan dalam melaksanakan tugas, agar karyawan dapat menilai bentuk kegiatan yang diinginkan dan membantu memberikan pertimbangan jika menemui keraguan dalam bertindak, sehingga karyawan cenderung lebih yakin lagi dalam memberikan maupun menciptakan ide-ide baru yang berguna bagi perusahaan. Bagi pihak PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya, diharapkan dapat terus mengembangkan dan mempertahankan efikasi-diri karyawannya dengan cara memberikan pembinaan melalui pelatihan-pelatihanyang dapat mengembangkan efikasi-diri karyawannya, supaya dengan efikasi- diri yang tinggi, karyawan dapat mengembangkan konsep berpikir bahwa peraturan yang dibuat oleh perusahaan adalah suatu skenario-skenario sukses yang memberikan tuntunan positif dan dukungan untuk memperoleh hasil yang diharapkan oleh karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 695, "width": 223, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini berupa persepsiresponden tergantung pada pemahaman setiap item pernyataan yang tercantum dalam kuesioner, sehingga kemungkinan terjadi perbedaan antara persepsi responden dengan pengukuran yang bersifat pernyataan. Sehingga,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 225, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SOSIO-E-KONS, Vol. 8 No. 3, Desember 2016, hal. 234-250", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 44, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronal Janti, Pengaruh Konsep-Diri dan Efikasi-Diri ....", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 790, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- 249 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 88, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemungkinan terjadi bias atau responden menjawab yang tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan diri. Selain itu, penelitian ini hanya memiliki batasan pada pengaruh konsep-diri dan efikasi- diri terhadap disiplin kerja karyawan bagian pemasaran PT. Pertamina (Persero) UPMS V Surabaya. 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[ { "left": 302, "top": 9, "width": 226, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JIPMuktj:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati Volume 1 No 2 2020 https://jipmukjt.com/index.php/JIPMuKjt Soraya Nurida dan Raka Sapto Arianda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 781, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. I No. 2, 2020 | 46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KOMUNIKASI ANTAR PRIBADI GURU DENGAN SISWA KELAS 5 SDN PETAMBURAN 01 PAGI DALAM MEMOTIVASI BELAJAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 110, "width": 168, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rezki Kurniawan London School of Public Relations [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 158, "width": 454, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah fenomena yang membuat siswa malas belajar karena faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi era modern saat ini. Untuk itu perlu adanya komunikasi penelitian interpersonal guru dengan siswa dalam memotivasi pembelajaran. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori komunikasi interpersonal, teori motivasi, dan teori komunikasi kelompok. Metode penelitian ini adalah menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara dan observasi terstruktur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran guru agar siswa terbuka dalam pembelajaran dan bagaimana guru dapat memotivasi siswa dalam merangsang pembelajaran. Ringkasan dari penelitian ini sekarang guru-guru yang cukup baik memotivasi siswa saat berada di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 436, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata-kata kunci: Teori komunikasi interpersonal, gaya komunikasi, motivasi, komunikasi kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 429, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PERSONAL TEACHERS WITH CLASS 5 STUDENTS AT SDN PETAMBURAN 01 MORNING IN MOTIVATING LEARNING", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 257, "top": 366, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rezki Kurniawan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 215, "top": 377, "width": 168, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "London School of Public Relations [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: The background of this research is the phenomena that make students become lazy to learn because the factors affecting today's modern era. For it was in need of interpersonal communication research teachers with students in motivating learning. The theory used is Interpersonal communication theory, motivating theory, and group communication theory. The method of this research is to use a descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques by conducting structured interviews and observations. The purpose of this research is to find out how the teacher role in order for students to be open in learning and how can teachers motivate students in stimulating learning. Summary of the research is now pretty good teachers motivate students while in the classroom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 304, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Communication Strategies, Public relations, Socialization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 251, "top": 560, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 574, "width": 211, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini pendidikan di Indonesia cukup memperihatinkan dimana pendidikan di Indonesia menempati urutan bawah. Menurut hasil dari empat lembaga survei internasional Organization for Economic and Development (OECD) menempatkan Indonesia di urutan 64 dari 65 negara, sedangkan hasil survei ‎ TIMS and Pirls menempatkan Indonesia di posisi 40 dari 42 negara, dan World Education Forum di bawah naungan PBB menempatkan Indonesia di posisi 69 dari 76 negara. (Ternyata, Rangking Pendidikan Indonesia Cuma Segini, 2016, April 11).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Indonesia ada 7 mata pelajaran yang diberikan kepada murid Sekolah Dasar (7 Mata Pelajaran Untuk SD di Kurikulum Baru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 574, "width": 211, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2013, 2012, Oktober 2). Banyaknya mata pelajaran serta kurikulum yang dibuat menjadi sebuah beban yang memberatkan murid sehingga dapat membuat siswa mudah lelah dan cepat merasa bosan, serta ditambah dengan sistem pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru kurang menarik dan tidak disukai oleh murid menjadi salah satu faktor yang membuat murid semakin cepat bosan dan malas untuk belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 689, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji kompetensi guru tahun 2013 seperti yang ditayangkan slide Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 oleh Narasumber Kurikulum 2013 dinyatakan bahwa rata-rata kemampuan (pedagogik dan profesionalisme) guru pada nilai 47,84. Kemudian hasil posttest guru inti Kurikulum 2013 yaitu 53,45.Setelah mengikuti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 302, "top": 9, "width": 226, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JIPMuktj:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati Volume 1 No 2 2020 https://jipmukjt.com/index.php/JIPMuKjt Soraya Nurida dan Raka Sapto Arianda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 781, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. I No. 2, 2020 | 47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serangkaian pembinaan, kemampuan dalam perancangan pembelajaran dan pengetahuan praktik hanya mampu naik 4,81%. Kenaikan terbesar pada konsep kurikulum dengan kenaikan 62,20%. (Musakkir, 2014, Agustus 27)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 211, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa faktor diatas yang membuat anak menjadi malas belajar, peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana komunikasi antarpribadi guru dalam memotivasi belajar siswa di SDN petamburan 01 pagi. Dengan menggunakan gaya komunikasi yang seperti apa guru dapat memotivasi agar siswa menimbulkan kesadaran untuk belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 160, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KERANGKA TEORETIS Komunikasi Antarpribadi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi antarpribadi secara luas adalah suatu proses pertukaran makna antara orang orang yang saling berkomunikasi. Proses tersebut mengacu pada perubahan dan tindakan (action) yang berlangsung terus menerus. Dan komunikasi juga merupakan suatu pertukaran, yaitu tindakan menyampaikan dan menerima pesan secara timbal balik. (Daryanto dan Rahardjo, 2016, p. 37)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 74, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Motivasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Motivasi adalah motivasi adalah dorongan dasar yang menggerakkan seseorang bertingkah laku. Dorongan ini berada pada diri seseorang yang menggerakan untuk melakukan sesuatu yang sesuai dengan dorongan dalam dirinya. (Uno, 2016,p.1). Dapat dinyatakan bahwa motivasi merupakan akibat dari interaksi seseorang dengan situasi tertentu yang dihadapinya. Karena itulah perbedaan dalam kekuatan motivasi yang ditunjukkan oleh seseorang dalam menghadapi situasi tertentu dibandingkan dengan orang-orang lain yang menghadapi situasi yang sama. (Siagian, 2004. P.137)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 258, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi Kelompok", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 269, "width": 211, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Definisi komunikasi kelompok secara luas adalah sekumpulan orang yang mempunyai tujuan bersama (saling bergantungan), mengenal satu sama lain, dan memandang mereka sebagai bagian dari kelompok, meskipun setiap anggota boleh jadi punya peran berbeda. Komunikasi kelompok biasanya merujuk kepada komunikasi yang dilakukan dengan kelompok kecil (Small Group Communication). (Mulyana,2009, p.82).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 395, "width": 112, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metodelogi penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, mengenai Komunikasi Antarpribadi Guru Dengan Siswa Kelas 5 SDN Petamburan 01 Dalam Memotivasi Belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 466, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Narasumber", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 478, "width": 211, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pemilihan narasumber secara purposive mencari dan memilih narasumber secara sengaja dan tidak dilakukan secara acak. Narasumber yang dipilih adalah yang memang bisa menjelaskan informasi sehubungan dengan penelitian ini atau disebut information rich cases (Raco, 2010; p.116) serta memberikan penjelasan secara akurat dan terpercaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 581, "width": 82, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fokus Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fokus dalam penelitian ini pada Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 604, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antarpribadi Guru Dalam Memotivasi Belajar Siswa SDN Petamburan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "01 penelitian ini dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi di ruang lingkup SDN Petamburan 01.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan observasi dan wawancara. Data akan didapat berasal dari informan dan pengamatan dari informan yang bersangkutan dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 742, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pemeriksaan Keterpercayaan Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 409, "width": 211, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terdapat pengujian dari hasil penelitian tersebut. Salah satu cara untuk menguji keabsahan dari suatu penelitian yaitu dengan menggunakan triangulasi data. Untuk mencapai validitas dalam penelitian kualitatif bukan sedikit banyaknya informan tetapi ketapatan atau kesesuaian sumber data dengan data yang di perlukan (Afrizal, 2016, p.167-168).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 512, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Paton dalam (Bungin, 2007, p.257) triangulasi sumber data dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara yaitu :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 547, "width": 189, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Membandingkan data hasil pengamatan (observasi) dengan hasil wawancara. 2. Membandingkan apa yang dikatakan narasumber mengenai penelitian.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 604, "width": 189, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan dokumen tententu yang berkaitan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 639, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari ketiga cara triangulasi data yang ada maka peneliti akan melakukan penelitian dengan membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan hasil observasi di SDN Petamburan 01.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 696, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 708, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 6 bulan yaitu dimulai dari bulan oktober 2016 sampai maret 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 740, "width": 189, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Periode Proposal : Oktober 2016 – November 2016", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 302, "top": 9, "width": 226, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JIPMuktj:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati Volume 1 No 2 2020 https://jipmukjt.com/index.php/JIPMuKjt Soraya Nurida dan Raka Sapto Arianda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 781, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. I No. 2, 2020 | 48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 72, "width": 193, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Periode Penelitian : November 2016 – Mei 2017", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 97, "width": 193, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di SDN Petamburan 01, Jalan Petamburan IV RT. 008 RW. 004, petamburan, Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterbatasan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 154, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterbatasan yang dihadapi dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaturan jadwal wawancara dari sumber informan karena guru memiliki jadwal mengajar yang padat, serta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "waktu observasi yang diberikan oleh pihak sekolahhanya 4 hari dan juga untuk mendapatkan informasi dari siswa karena tidak semua siswa ingin di wawancara. Selain itu peneliti juga mempunyai kendala dalam proses analisis data dimana memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama dan memerlukan ketelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 211, "width": 139, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 225, "width": 148, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 236, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil SDN Petamburan 01 Pagi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 248, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Dasar Negeri Petamburan yang beralamat di Jl.Petamburan IV, Petamburan, kec. Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. SDN Petamburan 01 pagi memiliki siswa sebanyak 433 siswa diantaranya 227 siswa laki-laki dan 206 siswa perempuan. SDN Petamburan memiliki 23 guru dan 1 diantaranya 15 guru dengan status Pegawai Negeri sipil 5 guru dengan status guru honorer dan 3 guru dengan status guru bantu. SDN Petamburan 01 pagi dipimpin oleh Muhadi, S.Pd sebagai kepala sekolah. SDN petamburan terletak di lingkungan social economi status C. menurut Muhadi (Wawancara Data Primer, 11 Mei 2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 420, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam sebuah penelitian ini telah di temukan hasil yang dapat di analisis dengan menggunakan elemen-elemen dari fokus penelitian yang telah di buat dengan melakukan observasi dan wawancara dengan ibu Linta Hidayana selaku guru kelas 5A, ibu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 225, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conta BR Ginting selaku guru kelas 5B, 1 siswa kelas 5A, dan 1 siswa kelas 5B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 248, "width": 67, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 259, "width": 211, "height": 205, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran guru sangat penting dalam mengajar, untuk memotivasi dan menumbuhkan rasa semangat belajar siswa. Dalam penelitian ini telah didapatkan hasil yang berkaitan dengan teori yang digunakan. pembahasan dari hasil wawancara narasumber internal maupun external dan observasi berkaitan dengan beberapa teori. Dalam teori komunikasi antarpribadi dengan menggunakan keefektifan komunikasi antarpribadi dengan lima perspektif humanistik yaitu Keterbukaan (Openness), Perilaku Suportif (supportiveness), Perilaku Positif (Positiveness), Empati (Empathy), Kesamaan (Equality).(Sendjaja, 1999), menunjukan penerapan elemen-elemen tersebut pada peristiwa komunikasi guru dan siswa di dalam kelas .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 524, "width": 50, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 59, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam setiap penelitian tentu ada simpulan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Dalam penelitian ini peran guru untuk memotivasi siswa di dalam kelas cukup baik. Peran guru dalam membuat siswa agar terbuka dalam belajar, dengan memberikan rasa nyaman terhadap siswa. Dengan memberikan rasa nyaman maka siswa tidak akan segan dan malu untuk bertanya, selain itu guru juga memberikan humor di sela sela pelajaran. Guru jugaselalu mendukung siswa agar dapat membangkitkan rasa semangat dalam belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 211, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cara guru untuk membangkitkan motivasi dalam belajar, guru mengajarkan kepada siswa sikap suportif, agar selalumengakui kesalahan dan kekalahan serta menghargai kemenangan orang lain, tetapi guru tetap mendukung siswa saat siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 538, "width": 211, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sedang mengalami kekalahan dan kesalahan dengan memberikan pesan dan arahan yang positif agar siswa dapat kembali percaya diri dan bangkit kembali serta menumbuhkan rasa semangat dalam belajar. Untuk mendapatkan empati siswa guru menempatkan posisi dengan merangkul siswa di dalam kelas dan tidak membeda-bedakan siswanya. Agar pesan dan arahan dapat di terima dan dijalankan oleh siswa guru menyampaikannya secara pelan pelan dan tegas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 664, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran Akademis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 676, "width": 211, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk penelitian ini, dengan menggunakan metode yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuantitatif dengan metode uji statistik dengan korelasi agar dapat mengetahui hubungan komunikasi antarpribadi guru dengan siswa secara lebih dalam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 302, "top": 9, "width": 226, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JIPMuktj:Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati Volume 1 No 2 2020 https://jipmukjt.com/index.php/JIPMuKjt Soraya Nurida dan Raka Sapto Arianda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 781, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. I No. 2, 2020 | 49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 67, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran Praktis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dibutuhkan kesabaran guru dalam mengajar dan memberikan rasa nyaman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kepada siswa agar siswa bisa lebih termotivasi dan meningkatkan rasa semangat belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 132, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afrizal. (2016). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Sebuah Upaya Mendukung Penggunaan Penelitian Kualitatif Dalam Berbagai Disiplin Ilmu, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 167, "width": 454, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Acara tv Berkonten Dewasa Menjadi Tontonan Anak-anak . “n.d”. Retreived from http://kholidanwar.tumblr.com/post/136616370820/acara-tv-berkonten-dewasa-menjadi- tontonan diakses pada tanggal 22 september 2016 jam 16.15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anak Sekarang Lebih Suka Ke Warnet Dari Pada Bermain Bersama Teman. “n.d”. Retreived from http://www.mediakompilasi.com/2016/03/anak-sekarang-lebih-suka-ke-warnet.html diakses pada tanggal 22 september 2016 jam 16.15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 237, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bungin, B. (2007). Penelitian Kualitatif: Komunikasi, Ekonomi, Kebijakan Publik dan Ilmu Sosial, Jakarta: Kencana Prenama Media Group.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 454, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daryanto dan Raharjo, M (2016). Teori Komunikasi, Yogyakarta: Penerbit Gaya Media Emzir (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Jakarta: PT.Raja Grafindo Persada Gadi, P. (2015, Juni 17). Bahaya Mengenalkan Gadget Terlalu Dini Pada Anak. Retreived From : http://www.kompasiana.com/picalgadi/bahaya-mengenalkan-gadget-terlalu-dini-pada- anak_54f3862c7455137f2b6c7a89 Diakses Pada Tangal 30 September Jam 15.30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Harapan, E dan Ahmad S. H (2014). Komunikasi Antarpribadi: Perilaku Insani Dalam Organisasi Pendidikan, Depok : PT. Raja Grafindo Persada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 341, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hamdu, G & Agustina, L. (2011). Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Siswa Terhadap Prestasi Belajar IPA Siswa Kelas IV SDN Tarumanagara Kecamatan Tawang Kota Tasikmalaya). Jurnal Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 364, "width": 419, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan Vol. 12 No. 1. 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Anak-anak Cenderung Meniru Adegan di Televisi. Retreived From : http://health.kompas.com/read/2012/05/28/22490165/Anak- anak.Cenderung.Meniru.Adegan.di.Televisi Diakses Pada Tanggal 30 September 2016 jam 15.00", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kecanduhan Game Online Cara Mengatasi dan Dampak Buruk ya (2012, Agustus 11). 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(2013, Mei 8). 8hal penyebab malas belajar Retrieved from http://kevlanryo.blogspot.co.id/2013/05/8-hal-penyebab-malas-belajar.htmldi akses pada tanggal 21 september 2016 jam 13.20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 617, "width": 455, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariana. (2016, Juni 1). BAHAYA ROKOK BAGI KESEHATAN ANAK , Retreived from https://mariana.my.id/kesehatan/bahaya-rokok-bagi-kesehatan-anak/ diakses pada tanggal 22 september 2016 jam 14.00", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 652, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengapa Anak Malas? Beberapa Penyebab dan Solusi Yang Kerap Tak Terpikir Oleh Orang Tua. ( 2010, Desember 7). Retreived From http://www.gurudanpenulis.com/5mengapa-anak-malas- beberapa-penyebab-dan-solusi-yang-kerap-tak-terpikir-oleh-orang-tua.html diakses pada tanggal 21 september 2016 jam 14.00", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 698, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moleong, L. J. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif (edisi revisi). Bandung : PT. Remaja Rosdakarya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 721, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mujalid, A. (2016, Februari 2). Pentingnya Pendidikan Di Sekolah Dasar Retreived From: http://www.panturanews.com/index.php/panturanews/baca/13032/02/02/2016/pentingnya- pendidikan-di-sekolah-dasar Diakses Pada Tanggal 21 September 2016 Jam 13.00 Mulyana, D (2009). Ilmu Komunikasi: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta : PT. 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(2014, Agustus 27).Runtuhnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 74, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kredibilitas Guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 420, "top": 74, "width": 45, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Retreived", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 107, "top": 74, "width": 419, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From : https://musakkirlewa.wordpress.com/tag/kredibilitas-guru/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 85, "width": 455, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diakses pada tanggal 22 september 2016 16.35 Pengaruh Buruk Nonton TV pada Anak- anak. “n.d” Retreived From : http://www.smallcrab.com/anak- anak/661-pengaruh-buruk-nonton-tv-pada-anak-anak Diakses Pada Tanggal 21 September 2016 jam 14.20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prastiwi, D. 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[ { "left": 194, "top": 731, "width": 344, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "© 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 305, "top": 55, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 91, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Original Research Paper", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 109, "width": 484, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Upaya Kemandirian Benih di Desa Sumbersalak Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember, Melalui Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 152, "width": 402, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ummi Sholikhah 1 , Ahmad Ilham Tanzil 2 , Wahyu Indra Duwi Fanata 3 , Tri Ratnasari 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 176, "width": 382, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1234 Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 200, "width": 191, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "DOI : https://doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v6i3.6081", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 483, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sitasi : Sholikhah, U., Tanzil, A. I., Fanata, W. I. D., & Ratnasari, T. (2023). Upaya Kemandirian Benih di Desa Sumbersalak Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember, Melalui Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat. Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA , 6(3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 257, "width": 54, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Article history", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 269, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Received: 4 Juni 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 280, "width": 111, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Revised: 29 Agustus 2023 Accepted: 02 September 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 93, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "*Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 321, "width": 116, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ummi Sholikhah, University of", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 331, "width": 129, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jember, Jember, Indonesia; Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 258, "width": 296, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Abstract: Implementation of community service regarding plant breeding was carried out in Sumbersalak Village, Ledokombo District with the Kenconowungu farmer group. The activities in this service program are to provide knowledge and understanding related to rice plant breeding. Breeding is carried out by crossing rice plants with the aim of producing superior rice varieties in accordance with the problems of farmers in Sumbersalak village. To improve theoretical mastery of the material, the method used is through material presentation activities, discussion sessions and evaluation. To facilitate the transfer of mastery of plant crossing skills in the field to target farmers, the direct practice method is used. The results of the service evaluation show that all target audiences have experienced a change in mastery of knowledge from not knowing and not understanding to knowing and understanding how to cross rice plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 432, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Keywords: plant breeding, crossing, rice", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 473, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 499, "width": 233, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Desa Sumbersalak merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember yang berjarak 30 Km dari pusat kota dan berbatasan langsung dengan Lereng Gunung Raung. Luas wilayah Desa Sumbersalak adalah 68,1 km 2 dengan kategori kesuburan tanah seluas 703 hektar dinyatakan sangat subur dan 75 hektar dinyatakan subur (BPS, 2021). Jumlah penduduk desa Sumbersalak Kecamatan Ledokombo sebanyak 10.446 jiwa dengan jumlah laki-laki 5.219 jiwa dan jumlah perempuan 5.227 jiwa (BPS, 2021). Mata pencaharian penduduk Desa Sumbersalak beragam mulai dari pegawai, petani, peternak, pedagang, dan ibu rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 676, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Masyarakat di Desa Sumbersalak mayoritas bekerja sebagai petani dengan permasalahan yang sering dihadapi petani adalah produktivitas padi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 458, "width": 232, "height": 213, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "masih tergolong rendah. Rendahnya produktivas padi salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh varietas yang digunakan. Petani di Desa Sumbersalak kebanyakan belum menggunakan varietas unggul dan masih banyak menggunakan varietas lokal. Menurut Sobrizal (2016), padi lokal memiliki kelemahan diantaranya umur panen yang lebih lama, habitus tanaman tinggi sehingga mudah rebah, dan produktivitas rendah. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi yaitu dengan program pemulian tanaman melalui metode persilangan. Menurut (Syukur dkk., 2012) persilangan merupakan salah satu metode untuk memperluas keragaman genetik dengan penyerbukan silang antara tetua-tetua dan mempunyai susunan genetik yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan karakter yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 674, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Proses dalam melakukan persilangan tanaman belum banyak diketahui oleh petani. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena kurangnya informasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 240, "height": 6, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sriningsih, et al . . Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 2023, 6 (3): 708-712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 59, "width": 65, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-5263", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 12, "height": 6, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "709", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 232, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "yang didapatkan oleh petani. Kelompok tani kenconowungu di Desa Sumbersalak, Kecamatan Ledokombo, Kabupaten Jember dengan anggota aktif sebanyak 10 orang memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan dan pemberdayaan yang kuat. Sesuai dengan permasalahan Desa Sumbersalak serta potensi kelompok tani kenconowungu, maka dibutuhkan suatu pelatihan secara langsung dalam melakukan persilangan padi guna mendukung kemandirian benih melalui program pengabdian masyarakat. Bentuk kegiatan yang dilaksanakan yaitu sosialisasi dan pelatihan dalam melakukan persilangan padi. Manfaat dari kegiatan ini yaitu petani dapat melakukan persilangan padi dengan baik untuk menciptakan varietas padi yang diinginkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 303, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 330, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tempat dan Waktu Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 343, "width": 233, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan judul “Pelatihan Persilangan Tanaman Padi guna Mendukung Kemandirian Benih di Desa Sumbersalak Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember” dilaksanakan bersama dengan Kelompok Tani kenconowungu Desa Sumbersalak Kecamatan Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember. Waktu kegiatan dilaksanakan bulan Mei – September 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sasaran Kegiatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 469, "width": 232, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dengan sasaran utama yaitu Kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 482, "width": 232, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tani Kenconowungu Desa Sumbersalak Kecamatan Ledokombo Kabupaten Jember. Kelompok Tani kenconowungu beranggotakan sekitar 10 orang yang terdiri atas ketua kelompok tani, pengurus dan anggota kelompok yang berusia 20-50 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 179, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Metode dan Pendekatan Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 583, "width": 233, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian dilaksanakan melalui beberapa metode yaitu sosialisasi atau sosialisasi yang bertujuan untuk memberi pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang bagaimana cara persilangan tanaman padi secara baik dan benar, beserta penjelasan berkaitan dengan manfaat dan keuntungan persilangan padi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan diskusi, dan praktik penyilangan tanamann padi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat dituangkan dalam urutan kegiatan sebagai berikut : a. Persiapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 87, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Persiapan dilakukan pada sebelum kegiatan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dimulai. Persiapan dilaksanakan dengan mengumpulkan bahan dan peralatan. Kegiatan persiapan meliputi koordinasi dengan ketua kelompok tani, penentuan jadwal kegiatan, penentuan tempat kegiatan dan jumlah petani yang akan berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 201, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "b. Sosialisasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 214, "width": 233, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan sosialisasi dilaksanakan melalui pemberian materi dengan metode peran aktif petani sosialisasi. Materi yang disampaikan kepada kelompok tani yaitu mengenai pengertian persilangan tanaman, manfaat dan kekurangan persilangan tanaman serta langkah- lamgkah dalam menyilangkan tanaman padi c. Pelatihan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 315, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan tujuan agar petani dapat melihat dan mempraktikkan secara langsung proses persilangan tanaman padi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 353, "width": 233, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "d. Pemantauan Pemantauan terkait kegiatan dilakukan agar petani mengerti dan memiliki semangat untuk mengembangkan apa yang telah dilaksanakan pada program pengabdian masyarakat. Pemantauan dilaksanakan dengan studi langsung melalui wawancara atau tanya-jawab, dan memanfaatkan media sosial seperti WhatsApp dan website.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 467, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "e. Evaluasi dan Tindak Lanjut Evaluasi dalam kegiatan ini menggunakan kegiatan pretest-postest dan observasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 531, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 558, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Potensi Komoditas Padi di Desa Sumbersalak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 570, "width": 233, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sektor pertanian memiliki peranan penting dalam mendukung pembangunan pertanian. Sektor pertanian memegang peranan penting dalam penyediaan pangan dan ekonomi masyarakat. Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berkontribusi cukup besar dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia. Kabupaten jember merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang sebagian besar penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Tanaman pangan seperti padi sudah tersebar merata di setiap daerah salah satunya yaitu di Desa Sumbersalak, Kecamatan Ledokombo. Menurut data BPS (2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 240, "height": 6, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sriningsih, et al . . Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 2023, 6 (3): 708-712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 59, "width": 65, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-5263", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 12, "height": 6, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "710", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 233, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "pada tahun 2020 Desa Sumbersalak mampu menghasilkan produktivitas padi sebesar 49,01 Kw/Ha dengan luas area tanam sebesar 1,31 Ha. Komoditas padi yang digunakan di Desa Sumbersalak merupakan padi lokal Sidomuncul yang memiliki karakterisitik tanaman yang tinggi dan umur tanaman yang relatif lama. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan suatu pemuliaan tanaman untuk mendapatkan anakan baru padi lokal Sidomuncul yang sesuai dengan keinginan petani dan karakteristik lahan di Desa Sumbersalak. Salah satu langkah yang dapat diterapkan dalam pemuliaan tanaman tersebut yaitu melalui persilangan tanaman padi. Persilangan tanaman padi menjadi peluang besar untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sehingga dapat menyumbang produktivitas padi varietas unggul baru terhadap produksi padi di Desa Sumbersalak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 328, "width": 181, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sosialisasi Persilangan Tanaman Padi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 340, "width": 233, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sosialisasi persilangan tanaman padi dilakukan di Desa Sumbersalak Kecamatan Ledokombo bersama dengan kelompok tani kenconowungu. Jumlah total yang hadir dalam kegiatan ini adalah 20 orang termasuk dengan fasilitator dan pemateri. Kegiatan sosialisasi terbagi menjadi beberapa tahapan diantaranya pembukaan, pretest , sosialisasi atau pemaparan materi, sesi tanya jawab dan diskusi, pelatihan atau praktik persilangan tanaman padi, posttest , pesan dan kesan, penutup, dan diakhiri dengan kegiatan dokumentasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 492, "width": 232, "height": 187, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Materi pemuliaan tanaman disampaikan selama satu jam dengan pokok pembahasan terkait dengan pengetahuan hibridisasi, pengetahuan alat dan bahan, pengetahuan tentang tahapan persilangan tanaman padi mulai dari penyerbukan hingga isolasi, serta penampilan video tutorial persilangan. Proses berjalannya pemaparan materi disambut antusias oleh petani, dimana pada saat sesi tanya jawab dan diskusi kurang lebih 60% petani aktif bertanya dan berdiskusi. Petani bertanya sesuai dengan pemahaman awal masing- masing terkait pemuliaan tanaman. Pemateri menjawab dan menyampaikan materi dengan bahasa yang mudah dipahami oleh petani sehingga kegiatan berjalan dengan aktif dan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 682, "width": 233, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Untuk mengukur pemahaman petani sosialisasi atau sosialisasi pemuliaan tanaman padi terlebih dahulu dilakukan kegiatan pretest . Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 87, "width": 232, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "pemahaman dan pengetahuan petani sebelum menerima materi dari fasilitator. Pretest dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 pertanyaan, dimana petani cukup mencentang jawaban yang tersedia untuk masing-masing pertanyaan sesuai dengan pemahaman dan pengetahuan masing-masing petani. Setelah pemaparan materi dan sesi tanya jawab, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan posttest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 339, "top": 346, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 1. Kegiatan Evaluasi Posttest", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 371, "width": 232, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberhasilan kegiatan penyampaian materi dilihat dari pemahaman dan pengetahuan setelah menerima materi. Evaluasi dapat dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai yang didapatkan saat kegiatan pretest dibandingkan dengan nilai posttest yang didapatkan masing-masing petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 472, "width": 233, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tabel 1. Evaluasi Pretest dan Posttest Kegiatan Sosialisasi/Sosialisasi Kegiatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 498, "width": 232, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "No. Pertanyaan Pretest (%) Posttest (%) Ya Tidak Ya Tidak 1. Apakah saudara mengetahui persilangan tanaman? 10% 90% 100% 0% 2. Apakah saudara tahu tujuan dari persilangan tanaman? 0% 100% 100% 0% 3. Apakah saudara tahu langkah- langkah persilangan tanaman 0% 100% 100% 0%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 240, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sriningsih, et al . . Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 2023, 6 (3): 708-712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 59, "width": 65, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-5263", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 12, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "711", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 88, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "padi?", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 109, "width": 223, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "4. Apakah saudara tahu tujuan kastrasi pada tanaman padi? 10% 90% 100% 0% 5. Apakah saudara tahu waktu yang tepat untuk melakukan persilangan tanaman padi? 0% 100% 100% 0% Rata-rata 4% 96% 100% 0%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 316, "width": 233, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan data pada tabel 1, dapat diketahui bahwa pemahaman petani saat pretest tentang pengetahuan mengenai persilangan tanaman, tujuan persilangan tanaman, langkah- langkah persilangan, tujuan kastrasi, dan waktu yang tepat untuk melakukan persilangan tanaman padi masih belum baik. Umumnya petani kegiatan sosialisasi pemuliaan tanaman padi tidak mengetahuinya, karena rata-rata sebanyak 96% menjawab pada kolom tidak mengetahui. Hasil kegiatan post-test menunjukkan nilai yang baik, dimana petani sudah mengetahui tentang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 233, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "persilangan tanaman (100%), tujuan dari persilangan (100%), langkah-langkah persilangan tanaman padi (100%), tujuan kastrasi pada tanaman padi (100%), dan waktu yang tepat dalam melakukan persilangan tanaman padi (100%). Nilai post-test dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa kegiatan sosialisasi pemuliaan tanaman berjalan dengan baik dan menambah pengetahuan petani mengenai pemuliaan tanaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pelatihan Persilangan Tanaman Padi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 607, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pelatihan persilangan tanaman padi yang dilakukan bulan agustus 2023, memiliki metode sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 645, "width": 36, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "1. Alat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 658, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Kantong kertas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 670, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Kertas label", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Pinset", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 696, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Gunting kastrasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Vacuum pump", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 87, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "2. Bahan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 100, "width": 218, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Tanaman Padi Varietas Inpari 32 sebagai betina", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 125, "width": 218, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Tanaman Padi Varietas Merah Wangi sebagai jantan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 163, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "3. Prosedur Persilangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 176, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Menyiapkan alat dan bahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 189, "width": 218, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Kastrasi: membersihkan bagian tanaman yang ada di sekitar bunga yang akan diemaskulasi dari kotoran, serangga, dan kuncup-kuncup bunga yang tidak terpakai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 239, "width": 200, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Memotong sepertiga bagian dari tanaman padi tetua menggunakan gunting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 265, "width": 201, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Mengambil benang sari dari tanaman tersebut menggunakan vacuum pump.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 290, "width": 201, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Menutup bunga yang dikastrasi menggunakan kertas layangan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 315, "width": 218, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Polinasi (Penyerbukan): Membuka bunga betina yang ditutup dengan kertas layangan (kastrasi). Meletakkan bunga jantan diatas bunga betina, kemudian menggoyangkan agar sari bunga jantan jatuh dan menempel secara merata pada semua putik bunga betina, dan kemudian menutupinya kembali dengan kertas dan memberi identitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 416, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "- Isolasi: menyingkup atau mengkerudung bunga menggunakan kantong untuk menghindari terjadinya penyerbukan oleh polen asing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 480, "width": 233, "height": 123, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pelatihan persilangan tanaman padi di Desa Sumbersalak ini merupakan sebuah transfer ilmu baru bagi para petani. Tahapan setelah adanya kegiatan sosialisasi/sosialisasi, dan pelatihan adalah kegiatan monitoring dan pendampingan yang bertujuan agar petani mampu mempraktikkan seluruh tahapan persilangan tanaman padi secara mandiri hingga berhasil, sehingga tercipta kemandirian benih sesuai yang diinginkan oleh petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 722, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Gambar 2. Praktik Persilangan Tanaman Padi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 240, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Sriningsih, et al . . Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 2023, 6 (3): 708-712", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 59, "width": 65, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-5263", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 12, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "712", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 232, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 2, keikutsertaan masyarakat sebagai sumber daya manusia untuk memberdayakan dirinya, merupakan potensi untuk mencapai tujuan masyarakat. Partisipasi petani dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan hasil evaluasi yang disampaikan bahwa 100% petani memahami materi yang disampaikan dan puas terhadap program yang telah dilakukan. Keberlanjutan program merupakan parameter terakhir dari kegiatan ini, 100% petani mendukung adanya keberlanjutan program serta berminat melaksanakan kegiatan pelatihan dengan program yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 266, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 233, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat berkaitan dengan persilangan tanaman padi merupakan program pengabdian masyarakat yang memiliki nilai positif bagi masyarakat petani khususnya kelompok tani kenconowungu di desa Sumbersalak. Petani mengikuti serangkaian kegiatan sosialisasi ini dengan baik dan aktif yang dibuktikan dengan hasil evaluasi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman sebanyak 96% dengan nilai pretest 4% dan nilai posttest yakni 100% telah mengetahui dan memahami terkait dengan persilangan tanaman padi. Kegiatan serupa dan keberlanjutan program sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat guna meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman padi. Pemuliaan tanaman yang bisa menghasilkan varietas unggul yang dapat meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas tanaman padi tentu akan dapat mensejahterahkan petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 559, "width": 232, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Tim pengusul mengucapkan terimakasih terhadap Universitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 572, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Jember, Kementerian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 584, "width": 232, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi, DRTPM, dan semua pihak yang terlibat dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 102, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 128, "width": 233, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "[ BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021. Kecamatan Ledokombo dalam Angka 2021. Tersedia pada:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 168, "width": 193, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "https://jemberkab.bps.go.id/publication/202 1/09/24/d8cefb3fa7396ca25614a3e7/kecam atan-ledokombo-dalam-angka-2021.html diakses tanggal 18 September 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2021. Kecamatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 231, "width": 197, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Ledokombo dalam Angka 2021. Tersedia pada : https://jemberkab.bps.go.id/publication/202 1/09/24/d8cefb3fa7396ca25614a3e7/kecam atan-ledokombo-dalam-angka-2021.html diakses tanggal 18 September 2023.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 308, "top": 307, "width": 233, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Subrizal. 2016. Potensi Pemuliaan Mutasi untuk Perbaikan Varietas Padi Lokal Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi , 12(1): 23-36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 357, "width": 233, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 807, "text": "Syukur, M., Sriani, S., dan Rahmi, Y. 2012. Teknik Pemuliaan Tanaman . Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 113, "top": 47, "width": 200, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.umpalangkaraya.ac.id/index.php/restorica", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 84, "width": 374, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIAPAN DIGITALISASI LAYANAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK PADA BADAN PENGKAJIAN DAN PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI (BPPT)", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 66, "top": 140, "width": 453, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "READINESS OF DIGITALIZATION SERVICES FOR ELECTRONIC-BASED GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS IN AGENCY FOR THE ASSESSMENT AND APPLICATION", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 167, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "OF TECHNOLOGY (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 206, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa *", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 224, "width": 95, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Roy Valiant Salomo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 262, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Fakultas Ilmu Administrasi, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 283, "width": 37, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 57, "top": 381, "width": 99, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 206, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 225, "width": 308, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-Government di Indonesia bukanlah suatu hal yang baru karena Pemerintah Indonesia sudah membakukan e-Government dengan istilah Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik yang bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik dengan efektif serta efisien. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menganalisa Kesiapan Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) dalam melaksanakan perubahan yang cukup besar yaitu implementasi Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik dengan dilahirkannya 41 aplikasi digitalisasi layanan administrasi, dan upaya-upaya yang dilakukan agar transformasi digital berjalan dengan baik, guna mendapatkan hasil penulis menggunakan metode post-positivism dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif yang didapat melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap empat dimensi Readiness to organizational change yang terdiri dari, Change Spesific efficacy, Appropriateness, Management support, serta Personal valence yang memberikan informasi kondisi bahwa Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi sudah memiliki kesiapan impelementasi Penerapan Digitalisasi layanan e-office namun belum ideal karena Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik yang direncanakan belum sepenuhnya terintegrasi, diterapkan dan diuji coba serta membutuhkan pengembangan lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 426, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 436, "width": 35, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPBE Kesiapan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkantoran Elektronik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 72, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Digitalisasi Layanan Keywords : E-government", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 520, "width": 72, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Readiness E-office Service Digitalization", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 561, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accepted", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Februari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 593, "width": 40, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 603, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "April 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 426, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 220, "top": 444, "width": 308, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-Government in Indonesia is not something new, because the Indonesian government has standarized e-Government in terms of Electronic-Based Government Systems which aims to improve the quality of public services effectively and efficiently. This research is expected to present the readiness analysis of the Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) in implementing significant changes which are the implementation of Electronic-Based Government Systems with the presence of 41 applications to digitizing administrative services, and the efforts made to perform a proper digital transformation. To achievieving a proper result, the author utilize the post- positivism method with a descriptive analysis approach which obtained through in-depth interviews of the four dimensions of Readiness to organizational change that consist of Change Specific efficacy, Appropriateness, Management support, and Personal Valence. These dimensions will provides information regarding the readiness conditions of Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology to implement the Digitalization of e- office which are ready but not in ideal condition because the planned Electronic-Based Government System is still not fully integrated, implemented and tested which requires further development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 635, "width": 402, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "© year The Authors. Published by Institute for Research and Community Services Universitas Muhammadiyah Palangkaraya. This is Open Access article under the CC-BY-SA License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33084/restorica.v5i2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 677, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 702, "width": 276, "height": 65, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang digunakan dalam lingkungan pemerintahan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kualitas layanan publik dengan efektif serta efisien disebut dengan istilah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 677, "width": 226, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-Government. Saat ini Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden RI Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik dimana perlu diketahui sejak terbentuknya Perpres tersebut kita harus menyamakan persepsi bahwa yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 7, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 203, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dimaksud e-Government adalah sama dengan Sistem Pemerintah Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE). Perpres tersebut mengatur Ketatalaksanaan SPBE, Manajemen SPBE, Audit Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi, Penerapan SPBE, percepatan SPBE, serta monitoring serta evaluasi SPBE. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) sebagai salah satu Instansi Pemerintah diharapan turut menerapkan SPBE dengan mengikuti semua peraturan yang berlaku terkait SPBE. Untuk menerapkan SPBE didalam organisasinya, BPPT telah membuat aplikasi-aplikasi proses kerja yang dapat disebut sebagai elektronik office atau e-office .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 279, "width": 226, "height": 168, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan SPBE didalam organisasi BPPT sudah cukup lama dilakukan baik dalam bentuk aplikasi maupun infrastruktur jaringan dengan tujuan meningkatkan kualitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan serta pelayanan kepada masyarakat dan juga untuk pelayanan secara internal BPPT itu sendiri. Akan tetapi masih banyak diperlukan perbaikan terhadap sistem yang SPBE tersebut karena pesatnya perkembangan teknologi serta tuntutan masyarakat terhadap pelayanan yang lebih efisien dan terbuka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 464, "width": 226, "height": 291, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penerapan e-office secara konsep sudah diatur dalam beberapa Undang-undang Negara Republik Indonesia dimana dalam hal ini Pemerintah memberi perhatian khusus terhadap pemerintahan berbasis elektronik, hal ini tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik, Di dalam pasal 2 ayat 1 pada undang-undang tersebut tersebut mengandung arti bahwa informasi publik harus dapat diakses dengan cepat dan tepat waktu, dengan biaya ringan, dan dengan cara yang sederhana, hal ini sangat sejalan dengan sistem SPBE dimana sistem paperless office mendukung terciptanya keterbukaan tersebut. Serta yang terbaru adalah Peraturan Presiden RI Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik dimana perlu diketahui sejak terbentuknya Perpres tentang SPBE diatas kita harus sudah menyamakan persepsi bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang dimaksud SPBE adalah sama dengan Sistem Pemerintah Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 395, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lembaga Pemerintah Non Kementerian yaitu Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan BPPT adalah Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Kementerian yang koordinasinya berada dibawah Kementerian Riset Teknologi / BRIN. Karena peran dan fungsinya yang sangat erat dengan inovasi dan perkembangan teknologi menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi penulis untuk mendalami mengenai masalah yang terjadi pada suatu Lembaga Negara seperti BPPT saat ini sedang merencanakan penerapkan transformasi digital atau e-office secara keseluruhan dalam keadministrasian. Sebagai salah satu pionir di bidang pengkajian dan penerapan teknologi justru belum menerapkan konsep e-office sebagai bagian dari SPBE secara maksimal, untuk itu maka lingkup penelitian ini adalah terhadap kesiapan dari BPPT untuk berinovasi menuju digitalisasi e-office karena perubahan itu sangat sesuai dan dibutuhkan ( appropriateness ) pada sistem administrasi perkantoran di BPPT yang masih banyak menggunakan cetak manual, dan juga BPPT adalah lembaga yang berbasis pengkajian dan penerapan teknologi sudah seyogyanya harus menerapkan e-office secara baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 528, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kesehariannya saat ini BPPT masih banyak menggunakan sistem administrasi perkantoran dengan alat cetak kertas manual, sistem ini tentunya menggunakan persediaan kertas dan alat kantor yang cukup banyak sebagai bentuk pencetakan dan pengarsipan. Hal tersebut membutuhkan tenaga dan waktu yang tidak sedikit dalam proses pendistribusian atau pengiriman dokumen. Masalah lain yang timbul dalam sistem administrasi perkantoran manual yaitu dalam hal pengarsipan, mulai dari penyimpanan dokumen yang membutuhkan ruangan fisik yang tidak kecil di area kantor sehingga menyebabkan tumpukan rak dokumen-dokumen yang mengakibatkan berkurangnya ruang kantor yang seharusnya dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 534, "top": 805, "width": 7, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 151, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dimanfaatkan untuk fungsi lainnya. Kemudian hal ini juga berpengaruh pada pencarian dokumen yang menjadi sulit ditemukan apabila dokumen tidak tersimpan dengan baik, rapih dan teratur, dan yang menjadi resiko paling mengkhawatirkan adalah kerusakan dokumen fisik yang mungkin terjasi terutama pada dokumen berusia lanjut. Dari berbagai hal tersebut diatas dapat dilihat BPPT belum memiliki kesiapan akan perubahan kearah e-office.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 336, "width": 194, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar I : Manfaat dan Kondisi yang diinginkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 371, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel I. Efisiensi Biaya Menggunakan e-Arsip", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 450, "width": 226, "height": 307, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Unit Kearsipan BPPT Menyadari Kekurangannya pada tahun 2019 bertepatan dengan HUT BPPT ke 41, BPPT melahirkan gebrakan Besar-besaran dengan melaunching 41 Aplikasi e-office sebagai transformasi digital terhadap layanan sistem administrasinya. Ide tersebut diinisiasi langsung dari Pimpinan Tertinggi BPPT yaitu Kepala BPPT yang artinya trasnformasi digital SPBE BPPT adalah salah satu fokus yang dituju dimana Hennessy (1998) menemukan bahwa \"paket\" kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh para pemimpin berkorelasi dengan tingkat perubahan budaya ( Stewart & Kringas , 2003). Jadi budaya organisasi yang kaku sebetulnya bisa berubah perlahan mengikuti arah dari pimpinan yang memiliki pandangan visioner. Kepemimpinan bukan hanya sebagai puncak hierarki, akan tetapi juga merupakan puncak pemikiran yang sederhana. Ini artinya dalam beberapa dekade kedepan kita akan melihat jenis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 168, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "organisasi baru yang muncul untuk mengatasi lingkungan yang bergerak dengan cepat serta lebih conmpetitive dengan jenis pegawai baru yang pasti bisa dilihat di organisasi yang sukses (Kotter, 1996 : 175). Sudah banyak tulisan mengenai kajian analisis kesiapan sumber daya manusia (SDM) guna menghadapi perubahan yaitu penggunaan SPBE, Akan tetapi penelitian terhadap isu kesiapan penerapan e-office dalam transformasi digital sistem administrasi di Instansi BPPT sendiri belum pernah dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 256, "width": 226, "height": 377, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telah ada penelitian terdahulu oleh Haddi Welfarendi (2016) yang menganalisa kesiapan implementasi administrasi perkantoran maya (siMaya) sebagai perwujudan e-Office pada Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara Dan Reformasi. Dalam tulisannya Haddi (2016) berfokus kepada analisa Kemenpan RB dari sisi inisiator kebijakan dalam implementasi program yang menjadi bagian dari SPBE. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah Implementasi siMaya yang dilakukan oleh Kemenpan RB masih memiliki banyak kendala diantaranya Perubahan Paradigma belum berjalan secara signifikan dan belum terlihat manfaat yang dirasakan dalam penggunaan, kemudian kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia di Kemenpan RB belum merata dalam penggunaan IT, dan SDM belum memiliki kesadaran untuk memanfaatkan IT akibat rendahnya sosialisasi. Sedangkan kebaruan penelitian yang penulis lakukan di BPPT memiliki kondisi belum diterapkannya e-office serta aplikasi satu pintu yang terintegrasi untuk semua administrasi perkantoran masih dalam tahap pengembangan sistem administrasi dari manual ke digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 650, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian lainnya Iim Ruchiyat (2013) yang meneliti tentang implementasi e-Office pada Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Hukum Dan Ham RI yang bertujuan menganalisis penyelenggaraan e-Office pada unit Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Hukum Dan HAM. Penelitian tersebut menitik beratkan pada analisa terhadap hasil implementasi e-Office yang sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 186, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "di terapkan oleh Sek Jenderal Kementerian Hukum Dan HAM dalam operasional pekerjaan, hasil yang dikemukakan oleh Ruchiyat bahwa dapat dikatakan praktek e-Office pada unit Sek Jenderal Kementerian Hukum Dan HAM masih gagal, karena variabel komunikasi, sumber daya, sikap, struktur organisasi masih belum memiliki keterkaitan satu dengan yang lainnya. Lokus yang di teliti oleh Ruchiyat hanya terbatas pada lingkup satu bagian kecil dari suatu instansi, sedangkan lokus penulis mencakup kesluruhan dari instansi BPPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 273, "width": 131, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Definition/ Literatur review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 290, "width": 226, "height": 325, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPBE secara umum dapat diartikan sebagai proses kegiatan program pemerintah yang menggunakan media teknologi informasi serta dilakukan oleh suatu organisasi pemerintah yang memiliki kapabilitas untuk mengubah hubungan pemerintah dengan warga Negara, bisnis dan lainnya, perpanjangan tangan pemerintah memiliki potensi untuk mengarah pada partisipasi dan keterlibatan masyarakat yang lebih baik (Evans & Yen, 2006). Sedangkan menurut Stiglitz, et al, (2000) SPBE adalah salah satu cara bagi pemerintah dalam memanfaatkan teknologi baru untuk memberikan publik akses yang lebih mudah ke informasi dan layanan pemerintah, serta meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan memberikan peluang yang lebih besar untuk berpartisipasi dalam suatu lembaga dan juga berpartisipasi dalam proses demokrasi (Li & Dai, 2011). Salah satu penerapan SPBE dalam pemerintahan yang mendukung kegiatan administrasi perkantoran adalah e-office.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 632, "width": 226, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Elektronic Office atau e-office adalah sebuah layanan aplikasi yang memberikan suatu konsep paperless guna meminimalisir penggunaan kertas dalam kegiatan administrasi perkantoran, surat-menyurat, korespondensi yang dapat digunakan oleh semua karyawan serta pejabat di suatu instansi atau perusahaan secara elektronik (Aziz, 2010). e-office itu sendiri adalah bagian utama dari SPBE, karakteristik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 228, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari e-office memiliki arti bahwa setiap pekerjaan kantor dapat dilakukan dimana pun selama tempat kerja itu terhubung dengan perusahaan melalui sejenis alat komunikasi berbasis sistem elektronik. Dengan adanya e-office di perkantoran atau instansi pemerintah diharapkan proses pelaksanaan kegiatan administrasi perkantoran dapat dilakukan dengan lebih mudah, cepat, transparan, akurat, aman, dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 221, "width": 226, "height": 273, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun Kesiapan elektronik atau e-readiness pada SPBE di BPPT, Dada (2006) mendefinisikan e- readiness sebagai ukuran sejauh mana suatu negara, bangsa atau ekonomi mungkin siap, bersedia atau siap untuk memperoleh manfaat yang muncul dari teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) (Tamperensis, n.d.). Kualitas layanan yang dikirim dan kepuasan para pemangku kepentingan dengan layanan seperti itu tergantung pada kematangan sistem e-Government. Karena karakteristik budaya mereka, negara yang berbeda dapat mengalami tingkat yang berbeda dari ruang lingkup dan kepadatan e-Government (yaitu, e- Government readiness) (Khalil, 2011). Budaya organisasi adalah seperangkat nilai-nilai dan keyakinan yang mengakar dalam yang memberikan norma untuk perilaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 511, "width": 226, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari factual problem yang telah dijabarkan diatas Sehingga dapat ditarik pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1. Kesiapan Penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) di BPPT sejauh mana? Dan 2. Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mensukseskan SPBE di BPPT?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 632, "width": 226, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehingga pada jurnal ini penulis akan menganalisis mengenai kesiapan penerapan SPBE dalam inovasi digitalisasi layanan sistem administrasi di BPPT dan menganalisis upaya-upaya yang dilakukan organisasi untuk mempersiapkan Sumber Daya Manusia atau individu dalam organisasi untuk dalam menghadapi perubahan sistem administrasi perkantoran menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penerapan SPBE secara keseluruhan pada Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 122, "width": 226, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ronald Heifetz dalam bahasan teori organisasional (Starr & Starr, 2019), yang menjelaskan bahwa perubahan bukan sebagai proses teknis, tetapi sebagai proses \"adaptif\", yaitu berkaitan dengan bagaimana individu –individu berkumpul untuk memecahkan masalah. Dalam sebuah perubahan dalam organisasi diperlukan kesiapan dari pegawai selaku anggota organisasi yaitu 1. Keyakinan, 2. Sikap, 3. Niat (Achilles, Stanley, Relations, & Oaks, 1993).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 290, "width": 226, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Teori Readiness to organizational change (Holt, Armenakis, Feild, & Harris, 2007) yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini ada beberapa dimensi sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 360, "width": 226, "height": 203, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Change - specific efficacy , organisasi mampu menerapkan perubahan. Dalam dimensi ini hal yang diukur seperti Ketersediaan Sumberdaya Manusia secara Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif, Ketersediaan Infrastruktur dan Software yang Memadai, Kemampuan Kerjasama Team, Biaya, Sosialisasi dan pelatihan. Appropriateness , perubahan sesuai dengan organisasi. Dalam dimensi ini hal yang diukur seperti Kesesuaian Perubahan e-office atau SPBE dengan Kebutuhan Organisasi, Perencanaan yang baik, Perubahan sejalan dengan tugas dan fungsi Organisasi, Sarana dan Prasarana Memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 569, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Management support , adanya dukungan dari pimpinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 586, "width": 226, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam dimensi ini hal yang diukur seperti Dukungan pimpinan yaitu baik Pimpinan Ikut serta dalam berbagai sosialisasi, Pimpinan berkomitmen dan ikut menggunakan e-office.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 656, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Personal valence , memberikan keuntungan bagi pegawai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 673, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam dimensi ini hal yang diukur Keuntungan yang dirasakan Pegawai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 360, "top": 70, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel II. Operasionalisasi Konsep", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 88, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep Variabel Dimensi Indikator", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 128, "width": 90, "height": 363, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Re ad in es s to or ga ni za tion al c ha ng e ( Ke si ap an O rg an is as i u nt uk b er ub ah ) (Ho lt et a l., 2 00 7) Re ad in es s to or ga ni za tion al c ha ng e ( Ke si ap an O rg an is as i u nt uk b er ub ah ) Ch an ge -s peci fic e ffi ca cy", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 412, "top": 102, "width": 12, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(m am pu m en er ap ka n per ub ah an )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 442, "top": 99, "width": 95, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Ketersediaan Sumberdaya Manusia secara Kuantitatif dan Kuantitatif 2. Ketersediaan Infrastruktur dan Software yang Memadai 3. Kerjasama Tim", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 442, "top": 173, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Biaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 403, "top": 182, "width": 139, "height": 203, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Sosialisasi dan pelatihan Ap prop ria ten es s (p er ub ah an se su ai de ng an o rg an is as i) 1. Kesesuaian Perubahan dengan Kebutuhan Organisasi 2. Perencanaan yang baik 3. Perubahan sejalan dengan tugas dan fungsi Organisasi 4. Sarana dan Prasarana memadai M an ag em en t su pp or t (a da ny a du ku ng an da ri pi m pi na n) 1. Dukungan Pimpinan Baik 2. Pimpinan Ikut serta atau hadir dalam berbagai acara sosialisasi perubahan 3. Pimpinan berkomitmen dengan perubahan dan ikut serta dalam penggunaan perubahan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 403, "top": 395, "width": 21, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pe rs on al va le nc e (m em be ri ka n ke un tu ng an ba gi p eg aw ai )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 442, "top": 388, "width": 100, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Ada tidaknya keuntungan yang dirasakan oleh pegawai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 352, "top": 495, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Olah Data Pribadi, 2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 520, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 545, "width": 226, "height": 221, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah post-positivism dengan metode analisis deskriptif sebagai pendekatan dalam menghasilkan suatu pemahaman yang komprehensif dan mendalam terhadap fenomena yang ada. Jenis penelitian ini meneliti bagaimana fenomena dipahami oleh aktor yang relevan, dan bagaimana perbedaan pemahaman dan nilai-nilai ini dimainkan (Sharp et al., 2020). Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data untuk penelitian ini adalah wawancara mendalam, khususnya wawancara terstruktur di mana semua pertanyaan ditetapkan sebelum pelaksanaan wawancara. Informan kunci ini dipilih secara purposif yang artinya dengan secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 228, "height": 273, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "khusus memilih informan – Informan tertentu berdasarkan ciri-ciri spesifik yang tidak dimiliki informan lainnya. terutama karena penulis telah menetapkan kriteria tentang informan yang dapat memberikan hasil penelitian yang diprediksi. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan dibagi menjadi dua kategori : pertama, kepada pimpinan atau tim perencana e-office; kedua, kategori pegawai. penulis menggunakan analisis post-positivism dengan pola pikir dari deduktif ke induktif yang maksudnya berangkat dari landasan teori umum sebagai alat untuk memotret peristiwa lalu kemudian teori tersebut dibawa kedalam temuan-temuan serta fenomena dilapangan untuk digali lebih dalam dengan analisis untuk mengeksplorasi seluruh makna dan nilai-nilai yang terkait dengan topik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 360, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 385, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I. Kondisi Saat Ini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 411, "width": 212, "height": 308, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identifikasi kondisi saat ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi yang memadai mengenai kondisi kesiapan implementasi SPBE yang ada saat ini di BPPT. Dari penelitian yang telah penulis lakukan, ditemukan bahwa BPPT sedang melakukan uji coba implementasi SPBE pada proses layanan administrasi internal. BPPT telah memiliki tata kelola TIK yang memadai yang terdiri dari tim pengarah/komite TIK dan Tim CIO, Rencana Induk, serta anggaran dan belanja TIK dimana kondisi tersebut juga didukung oleh Pimpinan BPPT dalam wujud dasar regulasi (Peraturan Kepala BPPT) sebagai dasar penggunaan aplikasi dan pedoman dalam melakukan Klasifikasi data dan informasi (informasi publik, informasi rahasia/terbatas). Dari sisi aplikasi BPPT telah melakukan melakukan pengembangan e-office melalui 41 digitalisasi layanan di lingkungan Sekretariat Utama BPPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 724, "width": 211, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sisi Sumber Daya Manusia, BPPT sudah memiliki unit pengelola TIK yang tersertifikasi ISO", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 70, "width": 212, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9001, dan juga dapat dikatakan bahwa pada dasarnya BPPT adalah Badan yang berkecimpung di bidang teknologi sehingga sebagian besar dari karyawan BPPT adalah sumber daya manusia yang berlatarbelakang pendidikan strata 1 (S1) dan lebih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 291, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grafik 1. Prosentase Pegawai BPPT Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 305, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Biro SDMO BPPT 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 325, "width": 212, "height": 238, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Grafik I dapat dilihat Prosentase Pegawai yang berpendidikan S1 dan diatasnya lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan Prosentase Pegawai yang berlatarbelakang pendidikan dibawah S1. SDM BPPT saat ini juga menghadapi kendala masih banyaknya para pegawai yang tidak memahami sistem SPBE dan lebih memilih menggunakan sistem administrasi secara manual, hal ini terjadi karena kesenjangan digital dengan pemerataan pemahaman dan keterampilan para sumber daya manusia yang ada sangatlah minim. Disisi lain kesadaran keamanan informasi sebagian besar pegawai masih rendah sehingga seringkali berakibat pada serangan phishing dan infeksi virus atau malware.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 568, "width": 212, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi SPBE terhadap pelaksanaan SPBE di BPPT telah dilakukan oleh Kementerian Pemberdayaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Kemenpan RB) untuk mengetahui capaian pelaksanaan SPBE melalui nilai indeks SPBE yang menggambarkan tingkat kematangan (maturity level) dari pelaksanaan SPBE. Penilaian pada pelaksanaan SPBE dilakukan melalui struktur yang terdiri dari domain, aspek, dan indikator. Indeks SPBE yang diperoleh BPPT sebesar 3,31 dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 211, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "detail nilai indeks untuk setiap domain sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 105, "width": 221, "height": 277, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel III. Indeks SPBE BPPT 2018 Nilai Indeks Nilai SPBE 3,31 Domain Kebijakan SPBE 3,00 Kebijakan Tata Kelola SPBE 3,00 Kebijakan Layanan SPBE 3,00 Domain Tata Kelola 3,29 Kelembagaan 2,50 Strategi & Perencanaan 3,50 TIK 3,67 Domain Layanan SPBE 3,57 Administrasi Pemerintahan 3,57 Pelayanan Publik 3,17 *catatan : nilai 5 maksimal Sumber : Kemenpan RB 2018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 211, "height": 256, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dapat dilihat pada tabel diatas bahwa sistem SPBE di BPPT dapat dikatakan masih dalam tahap proses pembangunan dimana nilai indeks masih di bawah nilai ideal yaitu 4,00, terutama adapat dilihat dari Domain Tata Kelola indeks Kelembagaan yang masih sangat rendah yaitu 2,5 dimana nilai tersebut adalah setengah dari nilai maksimal yang ada. Kemudian BPPT masih memiliki banyak kekurangan terhadap SPBE itu sendiri yang dimulai dari belum tersedianya aturan dan standar kepemilikan data (wali data) sesuai dengan tugas pokok dan fungsi unit kerja karena belum adanya integrasi layanan naskah dinas secara elektronik, hal ini juga disebabkan oleh belum terintegrasinya proses bisnis antar unit kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 657, "width": 226, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan terhadap sisi external masih banyak aplikasi yang belum menyediakan layanan kolaborasi melalui integrasi dengan layanan SPBE instansi lainnya dimana hal tersebut terjadi karena belum adanya regulasi atau SOP terkait integrasi sistem aplikasi dengan instansi lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Kesenjangan ( Gap Analysis )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 93, "width": 212, "height": 343, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gap Analysis atau Analisa kekosongan adalah salah satu strategi yang dapat dilaksanakan guna megidentifikasi kekosongan (gap) yang terjadi diantara kondisi saat ini dengan kondisi yang diharapkan yaitu kondisi implementasi SPBE yang sudah mendekati ideal untuk mendukung tugas fungsi BPPT terhadap pelayanan publik yang sesuai dengan teori SPBE menurut Indrajid (2006) yaitu Government to Citizen, Government to Business, Government to Employee, Government to Government. Analisis ini akan memberikan suatu gambaran terhadap kebutuhan aspek-aspek kesiapan BPPT untuk bertransformasi menuju ideal yang efektif, efisien, dan akuntabel. Dari gambaran aspek yang dibutuhkan dalam mencapai kondisi yang diharapkan pada 2024 dapat disusun kebijakan- kebijakan bagi setiap aspek untuk diterapkan mulai dari tahun 2020 hingga 2024 dengan suatu bentuk roadmap yang deilengkapi dengan action plan yang lebih detail.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 327, "top": 593, "width": 203, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar II: Diagram Metode Penyusunan Rencana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 610, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Induk SPBE-BPPT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 633, "width": 212, "height": 134, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebijakan SPBE di BPPT saat ini belum semuanya di atur dengan kebijakan yang melandasi pengembangan dan operasionalnya. Namun tahun 2019 telah dibuat Peraturan Badan (Perban) Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi No. 24 Tahun 2019 tentang Kebijakan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik BPPT serta Peraturan Kepala (Perka) Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 211, "height": 134, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. 05 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penerapan Sertifikat Elektronik Pada BPPT sebagai pendukung keberlangsungan SPBE diBPPT. Satu persatu BPPT mengisi gap yang terjadi ditahun sebelumnya namun masih Dibutuhkan beberapa kebijakan lagi sebagai acuan payung hukum pengembangan SPBE agar layanan internal maupaun external dapat menjadi program prioritas SPBE BPPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 209, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "II. HASIL WAWANCARA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesiapan adalah faktor penting dalam sebuah rencana implementasi perubahan proses administasi dari manual ke digital ( e-office ),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 286, "width": 211, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dikatakan Siap apabila hasil yang diperoleh semakin mendekati target yang telah ditetapkan. Semakin mendekati target, maka dapat dikatakan semakin Siap. untuk itu diperlukan pengukuran Kesiapan yang sesuai dengan sasaran dan tujuan yang hendak dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 390, "width": 212, "height": 221, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Guna menggali lebih dalam pembahasan mengenai kesiapan BPPT terhadap SPBE ini, maka penulis melakukan wawancara yang dilakukan dengan informan yang dinyatakan pada bagian metodologi. dan teori-teori yang ada terkait dengan topik yang akan dihubungkan Hasil dan evaluasi akan dieksplorasi dan dinyatakan secara eksplisit. Pada awalnya, dimensi dalam teori tersebut dieksplorasi sebagai hasil yang diberikan oleh informan. Pertanyaan untuk wawancara ditetapkan sebelum wawancara dilakukan. Semua hasil wawancara ditranskripsikan. Dimensi-dimensi tersebut difokuskan pada Change-specific efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 617, "width": 208, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(mampu menerapkan perubahan), Appropriateness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 634, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(perubahan sesuai dengan organisasi), Management support (adanya dukungan dari pimpinan), Personal valence (memberikan keuntungan bagi pegawai)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 109, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Change Spesific efficacy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 715, "width": 212, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara yang penulis lakukan dengan beberapa Pimpinan terkait atau Tim Perencana SPBE dan pegawai BPPT, dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 70, "width": 212, "height": 517, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dideskripsikan bahwa dari segi kualitas dan kuantitas SDM BPPT masih kekurangan orang untuk pengembangan aplikasi maupun integrasi namun dari sisi kualitas SDM cukup capable untuk melakukan perubahan administrasi ke digitalisasi layanan administrasi. Dari segi Infrastruktur dan software juga tidak terkendala karena selalu dipelihara dengan baik dan di update secara berkala, aplikasi-aplikasi juga sudah hampir siap semua baik yang dikembangkankan sendiri maupun dengan bantuan vendor. Dari Segi Kerjasama tim, BPPT juga telah memiliki daftar PIC untuk setiap unit kerja sebagai jembatan mengenai penerapan SPBE serta kerjasama lintas unit juga sudah tertera dalam beberapa aplikasi. Dari segi Biaya juga sebagian besar sudah dianggarkan ditahun sebelumnya dan untuk kekurangannya bisa diatasi dengan tambahan dana lain. Dari Segi sosialisasi dan pelatihan BPPT juga sudah mulai mensosialisasikan secara bertahap satu persatu aplikasi yang baru diluncurkan dan tentunya ada pelatihan untuk semua karyawan baik yang terbiasa maupun yang tidak terbiasa menggunakan aplikasi, akan tetapi dari hasil wawancara ditemukenali bahwa proses sosialisasi belum maksimal karena tidak meratanya informasi bagi masing-masing unit itu sendiri serta terbatasnya biaya untuk sosialisasi. Dari serangkaian pendapat diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa BPPT sudah Siap dan mampu menerapkan perubahan digitalisasi SPBE pada sistim administrasi pekerjaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 603, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Appropriateness", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 621, "width": 212, "height": 64, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian sebelumnya telah menyarankan bahwa penyelarasan Teknologi Informasi dengan tujuan organisasi adalah faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan e-government ( Al-Bulushi , 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 690, "width": 212, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara yang penulis lakukan dengan beberapa pimpinan atau Tim Perencana SPBE dan pegawai BPPT, dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat Kesesuaian Perubahan e-office atau SPBE", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 70, "width": 212, "height": 238, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan Kebutuhan Organisasi karena sejalan dengan tugas dan fungsi BPPT juga tagline yang dibuat Kepala PPT namun untuk memenuhi semua kebutuhan digitalissi masih perlu pengembangan dan rencana lebih lanjut. Dari segi Perencanaan saat ini semua diyakini sudah diatas 80% kesiapannya sesuai dengan yang direncanakan, dari segi apakah Perubahan sejalan dengan tugas dan fungsi Organisasi hal ini sejalan dengan apa yang dibutuhkan oleh organisasi BPPT karena sesungguhnya aplikasi ini hanyalah tools untuk membantu tugas dan fungsi BPPT. Dari segi Sarana dan Prasarana diyakini sudah cukup memadai untuk keberhasilan penerapan SPBE di BPPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 325, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Management support", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 212, "height": 377, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian sebelumnya pernah membahas bahwa pemimpin yang telah mengambil tindakan mengartikulasikan dan mempromosikan penerimaan visi dan strategi, atau memfasilitasi pengiriman layanan elektronik dan penerapan struktur secara efektif dapat mengarah pada kesuksesan proses layanan e-government (Ching & Luk, 2009). Berdasarkan wawancara yang penulis lakukan dengan beberapa pimpinan terkait atau tim perencana SPBE dan pegawai BPPT, dapat dianalisis bahwa dari segi dukungan pimpinan puncak dalam hal ini Kepala BPPT sangat baik terhadap perubahan ini, bahkan Kepala BPPT Ikut serta dalam mensosialisasikan aplikasi-aplikasi e-office tersebut diberbagai kesempatan, hal itu menunjukkan bahwa Kepala BPPT dan jajaran pimpinan lainnya memiliki komitmen yang tinggi dan juga dari segi penggunaan aplikasi pimpinan tertinggi di BPPT juga ikut menggunakan e-office dalam pekerjaannya sehari- hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya dukungan dari pimpinan tertinggi BPPT sangat baik terhadap perubahan yang direncanakan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 70, "width": 80, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Personal Valence", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 93, "width": 212, "height": 378, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernah ada penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga dimensi kualitas (yaitu kualitas kualitas sistem, kualitas informasi, kualitas layanan memiliki dampak positif pada niat pegawai untuk menggunakan, Keberhasilan ini juga mendukung anggapan bahwa kualitas layanan yang baik mendorong pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi yang lebih baik dan menciptakan banyak manfaat bagi organisasi (Culibrk, Lalic, Stefanovic, Marjanovic, & Delic, 2016). Begitu pula berdasarkan wawancara yang penulis lakukan dengan beberapa pimpinan terkait atau tim perencana SPBE dan pegawai BPPT, dapat diketahui dari sisi pimpinan dan tim SPBE merasa banyak hal yang diuntungkan dengan perubahan digitalisasi ini, dan dari sisi pegawai juga menyatakan banyak keuntungan yang mereka rasakan secara pribadi terhadap kemudahan yang diberikan oleh kualitas layanan dalam pekerjaannya walaupun diawalnya terasa sedikit sulit. Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-office atau digitalisasi administrasi memberikan banyak manfaat bagi pegawai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 221, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil wawancara tersebut dapat terlihat bahwa dimensi Appropriateness, Management support, serta Personal valence sudah sangat sesuai dengan kesiapan BPPT terhadap SPBE, hanya 1 dimensi yang masih belum sesuai terhadap kesiapan BPPT itu sendiri yaitu Change Spesific efficacy . Maka berdasarkan dimensi Change Spesific efficacy tersebutlah penulis akan menitik beratkan penielitian ini dimana Change Spesific efficacy memiliki komponen kualitas serta kuantitas SDM, Infrastruktur dan Software, kerjasama tim, biaya, dan sosialisasi. Berdasarkan kumpulan data dari hasil wawancara penulis menuangkan kedalam grafik sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 215, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grafik II. Kesiapan SDM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 237, "width": 226, "height": 290, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuantitas SDM yang siap dalam penerapan SPBE hanya 67% dari total keseluruhan yang ada, hal ini dirasa sangat kurang, karena SPBE akan di terapkan kepada keseluruhan organisasi BPPT itu sendiri. Dukungan pengembangan dan implementasi SPBE di BPPT hanya dapat dilakukan apabila tersedia SDM yang memadai dan internalisasi budaya kerja berbasis TIK. Dalam menghadapi era transformasi digital, SDM yang memiliki budaya kerja berbasis TIK merupakan salah satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan. Untuk itu, pengembangan SDM SPBE harus dilakukan dan dapat tercapai dengan eskalasi pengetahuan serta imepelementasi SPBE dengan praktik terbaik, SPBE yang dibangun berdasarkan budaya kerja yang baik, jabatan fungsional Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang ditingkatkan, serta melaakukan kemitraan dengan pihak-pihak yang terkait.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 677, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grafik III. Sosialisasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 698, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk komponen sosialisasi 50% dari informan menyatakan bahwa sosialisai SPBE belum cukup di sosialisasikan terhadap pegawai BPPT sehingg besar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemungkinan terjadi kelasahan dalam persepsi serta tata cara SPBE yang sesuai standar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 111, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inovasi penerapan TIK dalam bentuk sistem pemerintahan berbasis elektronik memberikan peluang untuk mewujudkan arah kebijakan dan strategi tersebut dalam rangka menghasilkan sistem pengawasan, sistem administrasi pemerintahan, dan pelayanan publik yang lebih cepat, lebih baik, dan lebih murah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 238, "width": 194, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "III. KONDISI YANG DIHARAPKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 264, "width": 212, "height": 186, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPBE BPPT diharapkan dapat menjadi bagian utama pendorong keberhasilan BPPT dalam mencapai rencana strategisnya. Hal ini dapat terlaksana dengan melaksanakan upaya-upaya pengembangan dan penerapan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi terkini yang tepat guna dan tepat sasaran. Pengembangan dan implementasi teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dalam rangka membangun SPBE BPPT juga harus berdasarkan peraturan yang ada, terutama Peraturan Pemerintah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 438, "width": 212, "height": 64, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tentang SPBE yang dalam implementasinya dapat diukur dalam indeks SPBE sebagai indikasi keberhasilan pengembangan dan penerapannya dalam instansi pemerintah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 325, "top": 507, "width": 208, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel IV. Nilai Indeks SPBE BPPT Yang Diharapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 304, "top": 537, "width": 248, "height": 227, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Indeks Kondisi Saat Ini (2018) Kondisi Yang Diinginkan 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 SPBE 3,31 4,01 4,24 4,60 4,68 4,81 4,93 Domain Kebijakan SPBE 3,00 3,71 4,35 4,76 4,94 4,94 5,00 Kebijakan Tata Kelola SPBE 3,00 3,57 4,14 4,71 5,00 5,00 5,00 Kebijakan Layanan SPBE 3,00 3,80 4,50 4,80 4,90 4,90 5,00 Domain Tata Kelola 3,29 3,86 4,29 4,71 4,71 4,71 5,00", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 129, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 81, "width": 165, "height": 529, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67% Kesiapan SDM Menyatakan Kurang Menyatakan Cukup 50% 50%", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 147, "top": 549, "width": 60, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 646, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menyatakan Kurang Menyatakan Cukup", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 45, "top": 76, "width": 248, "height": 194, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelembag aan 2,50 3,50 4,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 Strategi & Perencan aan 3,50 4,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 4,00 5,00 TIK 3,67 4,00 4,67 5,00 5,00 5,00 5,00 Domain Layanan SPBE 3,42 4,18 4,18 4,48 4,58 4,82 4,88 Administr asi Pemerinta han 3,57 4,57 4,57 4,86 5,00 5,00 5,00 Pelayanan Publik 3,17 3,50 3,50 3,83 3,83 4,50 4,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 127, "top": 281, "width": 168, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*catatan : nilai 5 maksimal Sumber : CIO BPPT 2019", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 305, "width": 211, "height": 64, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel diatas terlihat bahwa BPPT sudah menyiapkan roadmap seampai dengan 2024 untuk menuju kearah SPBE yang sempurna dengan ukuran indeks maksimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 374, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IV. STRATEGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 399, "width": 211, "height": 221, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mewujudkan SPBE yang terpadu dan menyeluruh, Tata Kelola SPBE dapat dilakukan dengan penguatan kapasitas pengelolaan dan sistem koordinasi pelaksanaan SPBE dan kebijakan SPBE. Perbaikan tatakelola dapat dicapai melalui pembentukan tim koordinasi SPBE di BPPT dengan didukung oleh ketersediaan peta proses bisnis dari pimpinan tertinggi sampai dengan unit kerja. Tata Kelola SPBE juga merupakan kerangka kerja yang memastikan terlaksananya pengaturan, pengarahan, dan pengendalian dalam penerapan SPBE secara terpadu dan meliputi setidaknya 4 (empat) aspek yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 56, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kebijakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 643, "width": 197, "height": 99, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebijakan diarahkan untuk melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan di dalam perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan SPBE yang mencakup kebijakan makro, meso, dan mikro. Perumusan dan pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan berkoordinasi dengan Tim Koordinasi SPBE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 70, "width": 197, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BPPT sehingga menciptakan kebijakan SPBE yang terpadu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 105, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kelembagaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 122, "width": 197, "height": 64, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembentukan dan penguatan Tim Koordinasi SPBE serta pengaturan tugas - tugas yang mendukung penerapan SPBE baik di internal BPPT maupun antar instansi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 192, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Percepatan Integrasi Melakukan pengembangan bertahap, percepatan integrasi semua aplikasi agar memaksimalkan pemanfaatannya, dan implementasi secara serempak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 279, "width": 211, "height": 64, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Anggaran dan Belanja Pemanfaatan anggaran yang optimal merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan SPBE yang terpadu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 348, "width": 211, "height": 47, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Sosialisasi Sosialisasi SPBE melalui bimbingan teknis secara merata terhadap semua pegawai BPPT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 400, "width": 211, "height": 117, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Monitoring dan Evaluasi Monitoring dan Evaluasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui capaian kemajuan pelaksanaan SPBE dan memberikan saran perbaikan untuk peningkatan kualitas pelaksanaan SPBE. Evaluasi dilakukan oleh Tim Koordinasi SPBE secara periodik dan mandiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 546, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 571, "width": 226, "height": 186, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penerapan e-office di BPPT saat ini belum dapat diterapkan secara ideal karena aplikasi-aplikasi yang direncanakan tersebut belum sepenuhnya diterapkan dan belum diuji coba secara keseluruhan. Antara aplikasi-aplikasi e-office yang menjadi portal utama yang menaungi atau memayungi aplikasi-aplikasi lain yang sudah berjalan yang dapat digunakan oleh dan untuk seluruh pegawai BPPT juga belum terintegrasi. SPBE BPPT diarahkan agar dapat menerapkan transformasi digital dalam keseluruhan proses bisnis di BPPT dalam rangka mewujudkan Visi, Misi, dan Peran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 385, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi, Vol 6 No 1, April 2020, Page 7 – 19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 30, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2655-8432", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 325, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BPPT hingga tahun 2024, sehingga BPPT dapat menjadi lembaga yang Solid Smart Speed dalam tata kelola pemerintahan guna mencapai birokrasi pemerintahan secara terpadu dengan memiliki kinerja tinggi, kualitas pelayanan publik yang lebih meningkat, Menciptakan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang efektif, efisien, transparan, dan akuntabel, dimana pada akhirnya dapat terwujudkan sebagai bangsa yang memikili daya saing. Saran yang dapat penulis berikan semua rencana tersebut dapat terealisasi dengan dukungan penuh Pimpinan, Manajemen, dan seluruh stakeholder BPPT, disertai dengan pendanaan yang memadai, dan menjalankan strategi yang telah direncanakan. Alokasi anggaran dan belanja TIK harus menjadi salah satu prioritas agar pengembangan dan implementasi SPBE berjalan baik dengan sedapat mungkin mendekati praktek terbaik. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut dan lebih mendalam mengenai kesiapan perubahan e-office dilihat dari lebih banyak dimensi penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 431, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 217, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achilles, A., Stanley, G., Relations, K. W. H., & Oaks, T. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change . 46 (Jun), 1–15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 504, "width": 225, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aziz, N. M. (2010). E-Readiness Model : A Comparative Review . (2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 226, "height": 70, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ching, S., & Luk, Y. (2009). The impact of leadership and stakeholders on the success / failure of e- government service : Using the case study of e- stamping service in Hong Kong. Government Information Quarterly , 26 (4), 594–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2009.02.009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 620, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Culibrk, D., Lalic, B., Stefanovic, D., Marjanovic, U., & Delic, M. (2016). Information & Management Assessing the success of e-government systems : An", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 655, "width": 201, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "employee perspective . 53 , 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.02.007", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 691, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evans, D., & Yen, D. C. (2006). E-Government : Evolving relationship of citizens and government , domestic , and international development . 23 , 207–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2005.11.004", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 749, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 70, "width": 202, "height": 47, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "G. (2007). Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 43 (2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886306295295", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 128, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indrajit Richardus Eko. (2006) Elektronik Government : Konsep Pelayanan Publik Berbasis Internet dan Teknologi Informasi, Aptikom.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 175, "width": 226, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "John P. Kotter (1996). Leading Change. Harvard Business School Press : Boston, Massachusetts. Printed in the united states of Amerika.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 222, "width": 225, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Khalil, O. E. M. (2011). e-Government readiness : Does national culture matter ? ☆ . Government Information Quarterly , 28 (3), 388–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.06.011", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 282, "width": 226, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Li, L., & Dai, H. (2011). Building a Change Management Model for E-Government Services Evolution.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 305, "width": 201, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2011 Fifth International Conference on Management of E-Commerce and e-Government , 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMeCG.2011.40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 352, "width": 226, "height": 58, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sharp, L., Mcdonald, A., Sim, P., Knamiller, C., Sefton, C., Wong, S., … Wong, S. (2020). paradigmatic divide Positivism , post-positivism and domestic water demand : interrelating science across the paradigmatic divide . 36 (4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 422, "width": 226, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Starr, J. P., & Starr, B. J. P. (2019). Organizing for for adaptive adaptive change man Organizing change manag . 98 (8), 70–71.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 469, "width": 226, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stewart J and Kringas P (2003) Change management- strategy and values in six agencies from the Australian Public Service.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 515, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamperensis, A. U. (n.d.). E-readiness of Public Administration in Developing Countries A case study on .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 562, "width": 223, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP ROLES ON E-", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 340, "top": 574, "width": 202, "height": 81, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE IN OMAN by Yaqoob Dur Mohammed Al-Bulushi Copyright 2017 A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership with a Specialization in Information Systems and Technology University of Phoenix . (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 679, "width": 158, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Perundang-undangan :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 702, "width": 226, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 737, "width": 225, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Presiden RI Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 Tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 30, "width": 484, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinggar Hawa, Roy Valiant Salomo. 2020. Readiness of Digitalization Services for Electronic-Based Government Systems in Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 805, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Badan (Perban) Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi No.24 Tahun 2019 tentang Kebijakan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 105, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Elektronik BPPT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 128, "width": 226, "height": 47, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Kepala (Perka) Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi No. 05 Tahun 2019 Tentang Penerapan Sertifikat Elektronik Pada BPPT", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 519, "top": 770, "width": 5, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 54, "width": 181, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 466, "top": 35, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 775, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 6 No. 1 Januari-Juni 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 99, "width": 440, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T HE I NFLUENCE O F T ALKING S TICK L EARNING M ODEL T O S TUDENT L EARNING R ESULTS I N B ASIC T ECHNOLOGY L ESSONS O F B ASIC A UTOMOTIVE T ECHNOLOGY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 131, "width": 436, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OF M ATERIAL O F P RINCIPLE H YDRAULIC S YSTEMS I N C LASS X T KR V OCATIONAL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 146, "width": 304, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S CHOOL O F S TATE 1 B UNTOK A CADEMIC Y EAR 2 017/ 2 018", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 457, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P ENGARUH M ODEL P EMBELAJARAN T ALKING S TICK T ERHADAP H ASIL B ELAJAR S ISWA P ADA M ATA P ELAJARAN T EKNOLOGI D ASAR O TOMOTIF M ATERI D ASAR- D ASAR S ISTEM H IDROLIK K ELAS X T KR S MK N EGERI 1 B UNTOK T AHUN A JARAN 2 017/ 2 018", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 265, "top": 239, "width": 93, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 263, "width": 348, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Studi Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Jurusan Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 302, "width": 152, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 456, "height": 144, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Talking Stick Learning Model on Student Learning Results in Basic Automotive Technology for Class X TKR Hydraulic System at SMK Negeri 1 Buntok on Academic Year 2017/2018. This research applied the Quasi - Experimental design based on the research design using Non- equivalent Control Group Design. The initial test will be given before treatment while subsequently the final test is afterward. The population for this research is taken from TKR X and X class TSM State Vocational High School or SMK-1 Buntok as many as 56 people students. TKR X class denotes the experimental class with 28 students in which implementing the Talking Stick Learning Model. It is about 34 students used as the control class. The research result shows that the data on student learning outcomes by the Talking Stick learning model provided the average value on 78.64 students. According to the results of t test calculations, we obtained t count > t table, (6.24 > 2.005). However, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that the applied learning method such as Talking Stick Learning Model can give the improvement effect on Student Learning Outcomes after implementing the study activity in formal class for Basic Automotive Technology of Hydraulic Systems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Model Talking Stick, Learning Outcomes, Basic System Hydraulic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 68, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 456, "height": 71, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang yang sedang giat-giatnya membangun. Untuk keperluan pembangunan ini, maka diperlukan juga sumber daya manusia yang memadai untuk keperluan pembangunan. Upaya untuk menciptakan dan meningkatkan sumber daya tersebut adalah melalui pendidikan. Pendidikan yang baik adalah pendidikan yang memenuhi standar nasional pendidikan. Standar nasional pendidikan bertujuan untuk menjamin mutu pendidikan nasional dalam rangka mencerdasakan kehidupan bangsa dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 456, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut peraturan pemerintah nomor 19 tahun 2005, standar nasional pendidikan adalah keriteria minimal tentang sistem pendidikan diseluruh wilayah hukum Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Salah satu standar nasional pendidikan yang harus dipenuhi oleh seorang guru adalah standar peroses. Pada standar peroses ini, peroses pembelajaran pada satuan pendidikan diselenggarakan secara aktif, inspiratif, menyenangkan, menantang, memotifasi peserta didik untuk berpartisipasi aktif, serta memberikan ruang yang cukup bagi prakarsa, kreatifitas dan kemandirian sesuai dengan bakat minat perkembangan fisik serta psikologis peseta didik. Berdasarkan standar proses tersebut maka guru mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting sebagai penyelenggara pendidikan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan disekolah dapat ditempuh melalui berbagai cara, antara lain peningkatan bekal awal siswa baru,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 438, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 101, "width": 460, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peningkatan kompetensi guru, peningkatan isi kurikulum, peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, penyediaan bahan ajar yang memadai. Dari semua itu, peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran menduduki posisi yang sangat strategis dan akan berdampak positif. Dampak positif itu berupa: (1) peningkatan kemampuan dalam menyelesaikan masalah pendidikan dan masalah pembelajaran yang dihadapi secara nyata, (2) peningkatan kualitas proses dan hasil belajar, (3) peningkatan keprofesionalan pendidik, (4) penerapan prinsip pembelajaran berbasis penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 456, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan adalah salah satu jenjang pendidikan menengah dengan kekhususan mempersiapkan lulusannya untuk siap bekerja. Mengacu pada pada isi Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No. 20 Tahun 2003 pasal 3 mengenai tujuan pendidikan nasional dan penjelasan pasal 15 yang menyebutkan bahwa pendidikan kejuruan merupakan pendidikan menengah yang mempersiapkan peserta didik terutama untuk bekerja di bidang tertentu. sekolah menengah kejuruan sebagai sub sistim pendidikan nasional semestinya mengutamakan mempersiapkan peserta didiknya untuk mampu memilih karir, memasuki lapangan kerja, berkompetisi, dan mengembangkan dirinya dengan sukses di lapangan kerja yang cepat berubah dan berkembang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 272, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mempersiapkan lulusan terbaik dibidangnya, Sekolah Menegah Kejuruan memiliki Kriteria Ketuntaasan Minimum dalam setiap mata pelajarannya. KKM berfungsi sebagai acuan bagi seorang guru untuk menilai kompetensi peserta didik sesuai dengan Kompetensi Dasar (KD) suatu mata pelajaran atau Standar Kompetensi (SK), sebagai acuan bagi peserta didik untuk mempersiapkan diri dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dan sebagai target pencapaian penguasaan materi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 333, "width": 458, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun nyatanya tidak demikian, berdasarkan observasi di SMK Negeri 1 Buntok diketahui mata pelajaraan Teknologi Dasar Otomotif khususnya materi dasar – dasar sistem hidrolik untuk siswa kelas X TKR mendapatkan nilai rendah. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai ulangan harian siswa yang masih banyak dibawah KKM. Adapun Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimum mata pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif adalah 70. Dari 23 siswa TKR hanya 9 siswa yang mencapai KKM dan 14 siswa masih belum mencapai KKM. Dari data diatas dapat disimpulkan hanya 39,13% siswa yang berhasil mencapai KKM dan sisanya 60,87% siswa masih belum mencapai KKM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 419, "width": 456, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan wawancara siswa merasa tidak tertarik belajar Tekologi Dasar Otomotif, hal yang membuat siswa tidak tertarik adalah: (1) Guru terlalu serius sehingga suasana pembelajaran menjadi tegang, (2) Siswa menganggap pembelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif membosankan, (3) Kurangnya interaksi siswa dengan guru. Dan berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru mata pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif, guru yang mengajar menyatakan metode yang sering digunakan guru hanya terbatas pada metode ceramah sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran lebih banyak berpusat pada guru dan membuat siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini dapat menurunkan semangat siswa dalam belajar Teknologi Dasar Otomotif yang nantinya akan berpengaruh kurang baik terhadap hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 516, "width": 456, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka beberapa masalah yang ditemukan pada mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif materi dasar- dasar sistem hidrolik adalah (1) Nilai ulangan harian siswa X TKR pada mata pelajaran Teknologi dasar Otomotif materi dasar – dasar sistem hidrolik rendah, (2) Guru terlalu serius sehingga pembelajaran menjadi tegang, (3) Siswa menganggap pembelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif membosankan, (4) Kurangnya interaksi siswa dengan guru. (5) Dalam mengajar guru menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran lebih banyak berpusat pada guru dan membuat siswa kurang aktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 590, "width": 456, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada banyak cara bagi seorang guru dalam menyampaikan materi agar siswa merasa tertarik dalam mempelajari pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif. Salah satu langkah yang dapat ditempuh adalah guru harus mampu menggunakan model yang bervariasi yang tentunya disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran. Banyak model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan oleh guru dalam peyampain materi pembelajaran. Tetapi dalam hal ini dibutuhkan suatu model pembelajaran yang dapat membuat siswa lebih termotivasi dalam belajar Teknologi Dasar Otomotif. Model yang dianggap mampu untuk membuat pembelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif menjadi menarik adalah model pembelajaran talking stick . Selain untuk melatih berbicara, model pembelajaran ini akan menciptakan suasana yang menyenangkan dan membuat siswa lebih aktif dalam peroses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 699, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model pembelajaran talking Stick merupakan model pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan tongkat sebagai media pembelajarannya. Guru memberikan tongkat pada salah satu siswa dan siswa yang memegang tongkat wajib menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh gurunya. Model pembelajaran talking stick ini dapat membuat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 526, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 466, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 456, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "anak didik ceria, senang, dan melatih mental anak didik untuk siap pada situasi dan kondisi apapun. Materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik dalam pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif merupakan materi yang sulit dipahami jika penyajian materinya tidak menarik. Materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik akan menjadi materi yang menyenangkan dalam proses belajar mengajar jika disampaikan dengan model pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan menarik. Karena model pembelajaran talking stick berbasis perminan maka diharapkan siswa akan merasa senang dalam mempelajari mata pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik dan akhirnya hasil belajar siswa akan meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 187, "width": 430, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, beberapa masalah yang muncul dapat diidentifikasi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 438, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Nilai ulangan harian siswa X TKR pada mata pelajaran Teknologi dasar Otomotif materi dasar–dasar sistem hidrolik rendah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 260, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Guru terlalu serius sehingga pembelajaran menjadi tegang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 236, "width": 325, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Siswa menganggap pembelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif membosankan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 248, "width": 181, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kurangnya interaksi siswa dengan guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 260, "width": 438, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Dalam mengajar guru menggunakan metode ceramah sehingga kegiatan pembelajaran lebih banyak berpusat pada guru dan membuat siswa kurang aktif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 297, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun desain dari penelitian eksperimen ini adalah quasi eksperimental design bentuk Non-equivalent Control Group Design . Sugiono (2016: 77) menyatakan bentuk quasi eksperimen desaign merupakan pengembangan dari true eksperimental design , yang sulit dilaksanakan. Desain ini memiliki kelompok kontrol, tetapi tidak dapat berfungsi sepenuhnya untuk mengontrol variabel-variabel luar yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan eksperimen. Walaupun demikian desain ini lebih baik dari Pre-experimental design . Quasi eksperimental design , digunakan karena pada kenyataannya sulit mendapatkan kelompok kontrol yang digunakan untuk penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah-langkah yang harus ditempuh dalam penelitian quasi eksperimen desaign bentuk Nonequivalent Control Group Desaign sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 431, "width": 440, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ke dua kelompok tersebut diobservasi dengan pretest untuk megetahui kemampuan awal peserta didik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Memberikan treatment (perlakuan) terhadap kelompok eksperimen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 455, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Memberikan posttes kepada kedua kelompok.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 468, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Mencari rata-rata hasil tes dari kedua kelompok tersebut, kemudian mencari perbedaan untuk melihat ada tidaknya pengaruh dari treatmen (perlakuan).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 492, "width": 411, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Menggunakan uji beda dengan t-tes untuk melihat pengaruh dari treatment signifikan atau tidak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 516, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi Dan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiono (2016:80) menyatakan populasi adalah wilayah generalisasi yang terdiri atas, obyek/subyek yang mempunyai kualitas dan karakteristik tertentu yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 457, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi penelitian ini hanya terdiri dari kelas X TKR dan X TSM yang mempelajari materi Dasar-dasar Sistem Hidrolik di SMKN 1 Buntok tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Terdiri dari 2 (dua) kelas, kelas X TKR sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X TSM sebagai kelas Kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROSEDUR PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 626, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Tahapan Persiapan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 638, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Peneliti melakukan observasi ke sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 651, "width": 249, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Mengajukan judul penelitian kepada dosen pembimbing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 663, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Menyusun proposal penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 675, "width": 257, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Membuat instrumen penelitian (RPP dan Tes Hasil Belajar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 687, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Melaksanakan seminar proposal penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 699, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Mengurus ijin permohonan penelitian kepada instansi yang terkait", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 712, "width": 225, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Melaksanakan uji coba instrumen Tes Hasil Belajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 724, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Menganalisis hasil uji coba instrumen Tes Hasil Belajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 498, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 51, "width": 7, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 438, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 101, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Tahap Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 56, "top": 114, "width": 457, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika penelitian dilakukan, Peneliti memilih kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kemuadian kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol diberi pre-test untuk melihat kemampuan awal peserta didik. Pada kelas eksperimen peneliti menjelaskan materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik dengan menggunakan model Talking Stick. Sedangkan kelas kontrol peneliti menjelaskan materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik tanpa menggunakan model Talking Stick . Tahap penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada saat pertemuan (RPP I). Setelah seluruh materi dasar- dasar sistem hidrolik diajarkan, maka diberikan post-test Tes Hasil Belajar pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol untuk mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 211, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Tahapan Analisa Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 223, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menganalisis data hasil belajar siswa kelas yang menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick maupun Ceramah, serta mendeskripsikannya kedalam diagram batang untuk memvisualisasikan hasil belajar sesudah diberikan perlakuan. Pedoman penskoran pada Tes Hasil Belajar jika jawaban benar diberikan nilai 1 (satu) dan jika salah diberikan nilai 0 (nol). Kemudian menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan model Talking Stick terhadap hasil belajar pada materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik dengan menggunakan statistik uji t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 297, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Penarikan Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 309, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap ini peneliti mengambil kesimpulan dari hasil analisis data hasil belajar setelah diberikan perlakuan dengan menggunakan model Talking Stick pada materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 345, "width": 161, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN Analisis Data Hasil Uji Instrumen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 370, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen penelitian yang diuji cobakan berupa tes tertulis berbentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 40 butir soal dengan 5 opsi pilihan jawaban. Ujicoba dilakukan pada kelas XI TKR SMK NEGERI 1 Palangka Raya dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 40 orang. Uji instrument dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui koefisien validitas, reabilitas, daya pembeda dan indek kesekuran. Setelah dilakukan ujicoba pada instrument tes hasil belajar dari 40 butir soal yang diuji cobakan, didapat 25 butir soal valid dan didapat angka koefisien reabilitas sebesar 0,66. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian validitas, reabilitas, daya pembeda, dan indek kesukaran, hanya 25 soal yang dijadikan sebagai instrument tes hasil belajar dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deskripsi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas X SMK Negeri 1 Buntok Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018. Kelas yang diteliti terdiri dari 2 kelas, yaitu kelas eksperiment dan kelas kontrol. Pengumpulan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik sampling Nonprobability Sampling tipe sampling total. Maka di dapat sampel untuk kelas eksperiment adalah kelas X TKR dengan jumlah siswa 28 dan kelas kontrol X TSM dengan jumlah siswa 28.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 529, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kelas eksperiment sebelum diberi perlakukan pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran Talking Stick pada materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik, terlebih dahulu diberi tes awal (pretest) . Pertemuan dilakukan 6 kali tatap muka, Untuk kelas kontrol diberi tes awal (pretest) kemudian diberi perlakuan dengan metode ceramah pada materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik. Pertemuan dilakukan 6 kali tatap muka,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 577, "width": 456, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data penelitian yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data kuantitatif yang berupa skor pretest dan skor posttest . Data skor pretest digunakan untuk mengetahui kemampuan awal siswa sebelum diberikan perlakuan sedangkan skor posttest digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil setelah di berikan perlakuan. Soal pre- test dan soal post-test terlampir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 638, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Hasil Belajar Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 651, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Pre Test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 663, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kelas eksperimen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 675, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi perolehan hasil nilai pre-test untuk kelas eksperimen (X TKR) dapat dilihat pada tabel frequensi di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 699, "width": 222, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Distribusi Frekuensi Pre-test Kelas Eksperimen No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 1 80 1 80", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 526, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 466, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 219, "top": 104, "width": 191, "height": 205, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 2 72 2 144 3 68 4 272 4 64 3 192 5 60 7 420 6 56 4 224 7 52 3 156 8 48 3 144 9 44 1 44 TOTAL 28 1676 Rata-rata 59,857 Standar Deviasi 8,4666 Varians 71,683", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pre-test kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai tertinggi 80. Nilai terendah 44. Rata-rata nilai 59,857. Standar deviasi 8,4666 dan varian 71,683 (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 533, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Diagram hasil pre-test kelas eksperimen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria ketuntasan minimun untuk mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif adalah 70. Berdasarkan hasil pre-test dikelas eksperimen dapat diketahui siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah sebanyak 3 siswa dan sisanya 25 siswa masih belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kelas kontrol", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi perolehan hasil nilai pre-test untuk kelas kontrol (X TSM) dapat dilihat pada tabel frequensi di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 655, "width": 212, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10. Distribusi Frekuensi Pre-test Kelas Kontrol No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 1 80 1 80 2 76 1 76 3 72 5 360", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 498, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 438, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 189, "top": 104, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 4 68 7 476 5 64 3 192 6 60 5 300 7 56 5 280 8 40 1 40 TOTAL 28 1804 Rata-rata 64,43 Standar Deviasi 8,171 Varians 66,77", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 453, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pre-test yang dilakukan di kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai tertinggi 80. Nilai terendah 40. Rata- rata nilai 64,43. Standar deviasi 8,171 dan varian 66,77 (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 484, "width": 192, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Diagram hasil pre-test kelas kontrol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 508, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria ketuntasan minimun untuk mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif adalah 70. Berdasarkan hasil pre-test dikelas control dapat diketahui siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah sebanyak 7 siswa dan sisanya 21 siswa masih belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 557, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hasil Post Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 569, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kelas Eksperimen", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 582, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi perolehan hasil nilai post-test untuk kelas eksperimen (X TKR) dapat dilihat pada tabel distribusi frequensi di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 618, "width": 252, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 11. Distribusi Frekuensi Post-test Kelas Eksperimen No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 1 91 1 91 2 87 1 87 3 86 1 86 4 83 2 166 5 82 2 164", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 526, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 466, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 180, "top": 102, "width": 256, "height": 231, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 6 81 1 81 7 80 3 240 8 79 4 316 9 77 8 616 10 76 1 76 11 75 1 75 12 74 1 74 13 68 1 68 14 62 1 62 TOTAL 28 2202 Rata-rata 78,64 Standar Deviasi 5,45 Varians 29,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil post-test kelas eksperimen diperoleh nilai tertinggi 91. Nilai terendah 62. Rata-rata nilai 78,64. Standar deviasi 5,45 dan varian 29,7 (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 582, "width": 213, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Diagram hasil post test kelas eksperimen", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria ketuntasan minimun untuk mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif adalah 70. Berdasarkan hasil post-test dikelas eksperimen dapat diketahui siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah sebanyak 26 siswa dan sisanya 2 siswa masih belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kelas kontrol", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 668, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi perolehan hasil nilai post-test untuk kelas kontrol (X TSM) dapat dilihat pada tabel distribusi frequensi di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 498, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 438, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 176, "top": 101, "width": 215, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 12. Distribusi Frekuensi Post-test Kelas Kontrol", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 143, "top": 114, "width": 273, "height": 297, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Score (X) Frequency (F) FX 1 80 1 80 2 78 2 156 3 77 1 77 4 75 1 75 5 74 1 74 6 72 5 360 7 71 1 71 8 70 1 70 9 69 5 345 10 68 3 204 11 67 3 201 12 66 2 132 13 63 1 63 14 61 1 61 TOTAL 28 1969 Rata-Rata 70,32 Standar Deviasi 4,481 Varians 20,08", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 427, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil post-test kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai tertinggi 80. Nilai terendah 61. Rata-rata nilai 70,32. Standar deviasi 4,481 dan varian 20,08 (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 598, "width": 196, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Diagram hasil post-test kelas kontrol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 623, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriteria ketuntasan minimun untuk mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif adalah 70. Berdasarkan hasil post-test dikelas control dapat diketahui siswa yang mencapai KKM adalah sebanyak 13 siswa dan sisanya 15 siswa masih belum memenuhi kriteria ketuntasan minimum. Berdasarkan uraian-uraian hasil analisis deskripsi data hasil belajar pre-test dan post-test kelas eksperimen dan kelas control, maka dapat dibandingkan kondisi hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Untuk mempermudah melakukan perbandingan tersebut maka berikut ini disajikan tabel perbandingan hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 526, "top": 769, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 466, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 191, "top": 101, "width": 244, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 13. Perbandingan kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 114, "width": 344, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelas Nilai rerata pre-test Nilai rerata post-test Eksperimen 59,857 78,64 Control 64,43 70,32", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 164, "width": 454, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas, rerata post-test kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata pre-test kelas eksperimen yaitu 78,64 > 59,857. Rerata post-test kelas kelas kontrol lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata pre- test kelas kontrol yaitu 70,23 > 64,43. Rerata post-test kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata post- test kelas control yaitu 78,64 > 70,32.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Hasil Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 238, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas Hasil Postest", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari uji normalitas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah data yang didapat berdistribusi normal atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 274, "width": 152, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas Kelas Eksperimen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 286, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena D hitung < dari D tabel (0,1678 < 0,250), maka hasil tes akhir kelas Eksperimen berdistribusi normal. (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 323, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Normalitas Kelas Kontrol", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena D hitung < dari D tabel (0,1498 < 0,250), maka hasil tes akhir kelas Eksperimen berdistribusi normal. (perhitungan terlampir).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Uji Homogenitas Varian Data Post-test", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji homogenitas digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah data dinyatakan homogen atau tidak. Karena F max < dari F tabel (1,479< 1,91), maka hasil tes akhir kelompok ekperimen dan kelompok kontrol dinyatakan homogen. (perhitungan terlampir)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 78, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji hipotesis digunaka untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh tentang model pembelajaran yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika t hitung < t tabel , maka H 0 diterima Jika t hitung > t tabel , maka H 1 diterima Dimana dari hasil perhitungan uji t didapat t hitung > t tabel , (6,24 > 2,005) maka H a diterima dan H o ditolak. (perhitungan terlampir)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 456, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu dari hasil uji hipotesis diatas menyatakan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran Talking Stick terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif materi dasar-dasar sistem hidrolik kelas X TKR SMK Negeri 1 Buntokhal ini juga terbukti dari nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen yang lebih tinggi dari nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol,dan nilai t hitung yang lebih besar dari t tabel .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 592, "width": 71, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 604, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasalkan data hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Talking Stick diperoleh rata-rata nilai siswa 78,64 dan dari hasil perhitungan uji t didapat t hitung > t tabel , (6,24 > 2,005) maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, Artinya terdapat Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Teknologi Dasar Otomotif Materi Dasar-Dasar Sistem Hidrolik Kelas X TKR SMK Negeri 1 Buntok Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 677, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, model pembelajaran Talking Stick dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif baru untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mata pelajaran teknologi dasar otomotif materi dasar–dasar sistem hidrolik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 769, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 51, "width": 308, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J J J U U U R R R N N N A A A L L L M M M A A A H H H A A A S S S I I I S S S W W W A A A P P P T T T K K K P P P A A A R R R E E E N N N T T T A A A S S S V V V o o o l l l 6 6 6 N N N o o o . . . 1 1 1 J J J a a a n n n - - - J J J u u u n n n 2 2 2 0 0 0 2 2 2 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 51, "width": 7, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0 0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 438, "top": 33, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2443-227X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 769, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bayu Chandra Diputro", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 101, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 114, "width": 334, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Arikunto, S. 2007. Dasar-dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan . Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 126, "width": 375, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Arikunto, S. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 138, "width": 362, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Arikunto, S. 2015. Dasar-dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan Edisi 2 . Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 150, "width": 456, "height": 71, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Fajri, N. 2016. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Talking Stick Dengan Strategi Joyful Learning Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS kelas VII MTsN Meuraxa Banda Aceh . Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pendidikan Sejarah. Vol. 01. No. 01. [5] Kharis, L. 2014. Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Talking Stick Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Teknik Elektronika Di SMK Negeri 7 Surabaya . Jurnal Pendidikan Elektro. Vol. 03. No. 02.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 223, "width": 322, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Purwanto. 2011. Statistika Untuk Penelitian . Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Rusman. 2012. Belajar dan pembelajaran berbasis komputer mengembangkan profesionalisme guru Abad 21 . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 260, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Sagala, S. 2013. Konsep dan Makna Pembelajaran . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 272, "width": 446, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Shoimin, A. 2016. 68 Model Pembelajaran Inovatif dalam Kurikulum 2013 . Yogyakarta: AR-RUZZ MEDIA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 284, "width": 455, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Siregar, S. 2013. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dilengkapi Dengan Perbandingan Perhitungan Manual & SPSS . Kakarta: Prenamedia Group.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 309, "width": 275, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Sugiono. 2015. Statistika untuk penelitian . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 321, "width": 369, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Sugiono. 2016. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 333, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Suyono & Harianto. 2016. Belajar dan Pembelajaran Teori dan Konsep Dasar. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 358, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Syarif, M. 2013. Teknologi Dasar Otomotif untuk SMK/MAK X semester 2 . Jakarta: Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 382, "width": 421, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Taniredja, T & Mustafidah, H. 2014. Penelitian Kuantitatif (Sebuah Pengantar) . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 394, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Trijono, R. 2015. Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif . Jakarta. Papas Sinar Sinanti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 406, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[17] Yahya, M. N. 2013. Pengembangan Perangkat Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Talking Stick Pada Standar Kopetensi Mengoperasikan Peralatan Pengendali Daya Tegangan Rendah Di SMKN 2 Surabaya. Jurnal Pendidikan Elektro. Vol. 01. No. 01.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 6, No. 2 (2017) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F392", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 227, "width": 255, "height": 233, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak — Minyak atsiri yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi salah satunya yaitu minyak gaharu. Minyak atsiri yang berasal dari tanaman gaharu ini biasanya dipakai sebagai pewangi, obat- obatan dan bahan kosmetik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari gaharu dengan metode ekstraksi konvensional soxhlet extraction dan metode hydrodistillation dengan bantuan pemanas microwave atau dikenal dengan sebutan microwave hydrodistillation serta membandingkan pengaruh dari penggunaan kedua metode tersebut terhadap perolehan yield minyak gaharu. Pada metode soxhlet extraction digunakan pelarut organik n-Hexane 95% dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 16 jam, sedangkan pada metode microwave hydrodistillation menggunakan pelarut aquades dengan lama waktu 12 jam dan menggunakan microwave konvensional merk Electrolux model EMM-2308X dengan daya 450 W. Didapatkan hasil penelitian dengan metode soxhlet extraction memiliki yield sebesar 1,67%, sedangkan metode microwave hydrodistillation diperoleh yield 1,38%. Dari segi waktu dan yield yang dihasilkan metode microwave hydrodistillation memberikan hasil ekstraksi yang lebih baik daripada metode soxhlet extraction dengan recovery dari metode microwave hydrodistillation sebesar 76,55%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 472, "width": 232, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci — Atsiri, Gaharu, Microwave Hydrodistillation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 504, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 520, "width": 255, "height": 115, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "NDONESIA merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam baik hayati maupun non-hayati. Sumber daya alam hayati terlihat dengan melimpahnya macam-macam jenis flora yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah di seluruh pelosok tanah air. Dari sumber daya hayati ini selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri dan bahan perdagangan yang menghasilkan devisa negara serta pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Salah satu sumber devisa yang didapatkan oleh negara yaitu melalui produksi minyak atsiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 638, "width": 255, "height": 79, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Minyak atsiri merupakan metabolit sekunder yang termasuk dalam kelompok besar minyak nabati yang berwujud cairan kental pada suhu ruang namun mudah menguap serta dijadikan ciri khas aroma dari suatu jenis tumbuhan dari kandungan yang dimilikinya. Terdapat tiga cara dalam pengambilan minyak atsiri yaitu pengempaan, ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut, dan destilasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 720, "width": 254, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara penghasil utama minyak atsiri di dunia. Terdapat kurang lebih 45 jenis tanaman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 230, "width": 255, "height": 79, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penghasil minyak atsiri tumbuh di Indonesia, namun baru kira- kira 15 jenis yang sudah menjadi komoditi ekspor. Akan tetapi metode yang digunakan saat ini untuk ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari gaharu secara umum masih dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode konvensional seperti hydrodistillation, soxhlet ectraction, dan accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 312, "width": 255, "height": 79, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Minyak atsiti yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini yaitu gaharu, dikarena penggunaan yang tinggi dalam pengobatan, parfum dan kosmetik, pohon gaharu ( Aquilaria malaccensis ) dianggap sebagai pohon yang berharga dan penting di Negara – Negara Asia Tenggara. Mengingat pohon gaharu biasanya dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk menghilangkan rasa sakit demam rematik, penangkal muntah dan asma [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 394, "width": 255, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Karena lamanya waktu yang didapat dari metode konvensional tersebut dan masih menggunakan pelarut n- Hexane yang tidak ramah lingkungan maka dari itu dikembangkan metode ekstraksi terbaru dengan menggunakan sistem ekstraksi yang memanfaatkan pemanasan gelombang mikro dikenal dengan istilah Microwave assisted extraction (MAE).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 477, "width": 255, "height": 114, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Beberapa metode Microwave assisted extraction yang saat ini telah dikembangkan antara lain Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD), Microwave Steam Distillation (MSD), Microwave Steam Diffusion (MSDf), dan lain-lain. Dari bebeapa metode Microwave assisted extraction yang ada, pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Microwave Hydrodistillation (MHD). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari kondisi operasi optimum menggunakan metode microwave hydrodistillation untuk menghasilkan kadar yield optimum ekstraksi gaharu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 398, "top": 612, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 628, "width": 255, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengambilan minyak atsiri dari gaharu dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation dan soxhlet extraction. Dari kedua metode tersebut akan dibandingkan untuk mengetahui perolehan yield dan efisiensi proses ekstraksi minyak gaharu. Dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation menggunakan gelombang mikro yang dihasilkan dari magnetron sebagai sumber pemanasan selama proses ekstraksi. Gelombang mikro atau microwave adalah gelombang elektromagnetik dengan frekuensi super tinggi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 56, "width": 463, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri dari Gaharu ( Aquilaria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 56, "top": 89, "width": 503, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Malaccensis ) dengan Menggunakan Metode Microwave Hydrodistillation dan Soxhlet Extraction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 248, "top": 167, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Isabel Triesty dan Mahfud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 446, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 519, "width": 16, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 6, No. 2 (2017) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F393", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 50, "width": 255, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "( Super High Frequency , SHF), yaitu antara 300 Mhz – 300 Ghz. Microwave memiliki rentang panjang gelombang dari 1 mm hingga 1 m [3]. Dengan adanya gelombang mikro ini akan terjadi pemanasan yang akan membantu proses ekstraksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 100, "width": 255, "height": 209, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Cara kerja pemanasan microwave melibatkan pengadukan molekul polar atau ion yang berosilasi karena pengaruh medan listrik dan magnet yang disebut polarisasi dipolar. Dengan adanya medan yang berosilasi, partikel akan beradaptasi dimana gerakan partikel tersebut dibatasi oleh gaya interaksi antar partikel dan tahanan listrik. Akibatnya partikel tersebut menghasilkan gerakan acak yang menghasilkan panas. Keunggulan dalam pemilihan microwave sebagai media pemanas karena microwave bisa bekerja cepat dan efisien. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya gelombang elektromagnetik yang bisa menembus bahan dan mengeksitasi molekul-molekul bahan secara merata. Gelombang pada frekuesnsi 2450MHz (2,45 GHz) ini diserap bahan. Saat diserap, atom-atom akan tereksitasi dan menghasilkan panas. Proses ini tidak membutuhkan konduksi panas seperti oven biasa. Maka dari itu, prosesnya bisa dilakukan sangat cepat. Disamping itu, gelombang mikro pada frekuensi ini diserap oleh bahan gelas, keramik, dan sebagian jenis plastik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 312, "width": 255, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk metode soxhlet extraction yaitu merupakan metode ekstraksi menggunakan Soxhlet dengan pelarut cair (Etanol, Alkohol, n-Hexane, dll). Soxhletasi adalah salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengisolasi minyak lemak. Soxhletasi merupakan ekstraksi padat-cair yang berkesinambungan, disebut ekstraksi padat- cair karena substansi yang diekstrak terdapat di dalam campuran yang berbentuk padat, sedangkan disebut berkesinambungan karena pelarut yang sama dipakai berulang- ulang sampai proses ekstraksi selesai. Keuntungan dari metode ini antara lain menggunakan pelarut yag lebih sedikit karena pelarut tersebut akan dipakai untuk mengulang ekstraksi dan uap panas tidak melalui serbuk simplisia, tetapi melalui pipa samping. Namun metode soxhlet extraction memiliki beberapa kelemahan antara lain, tidak dapat digunakan pada bahan yang mempunyai tekstur yang keras, selain itu pengerjaannya rumit dan agak lama, karena harus diuapkan di rotavapor untuk memperoleh ekstrak yang kental. Sehingga metode konvensional ini kurang efektif untuk mengekstrak minyak atsiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 553, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Bahan Baku", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 568, "width": 255, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bahan baku pada penelitian ini yaitu gaharu diperoleh dari Merauke, Papua. Bahan baku gaharu yang digunakan yaitu gaharu yang sudah dihaluskan sehingga berbentuk bubuk. Untuk pelarut organik pada metode microwave hydrodistillation digunakan pelarut akuades. Serta proses pendingainan / kondensasi menggunakan air yang bersumber dari PDAM. Sedangkan pelarut pada metode soxhlet extraction menggunakan n-Hexane dengan kadar 95,0%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 668, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Metode Microwave Hydrodistillation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 683, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rancangan percobaan untuk metode microwave hydrodistillation dimulai dengan mempersiapkan bahan baku gaharu serbuk sebanyak 10 g kemudian dimasukkan kedalam labu distiller 1000 mL dan ditambahkan dengan pelarut berupa air sebanyak 50 mL. Kemudian merangkai alat microwave", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 53, "width": 255, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hydrodistillation (MHD) seperti pada Gambar 1. Pada metode ini digunakan alat clavenger yang memiliki fungsi untuk mengambalikan kondensat air secara otomatis kembali ke dalam labu distiller untuk menjaga rasio bahan baku dan pelarut dan mencegah terjadinya kegosongan akibat bahan kekurangan air, proses pengembalian air kondensat ke dalam proses ekstraksi ini disebut kohobasi . Kemudian labu distiller dimasukkan kedalam microwave dan dihubungkan dengan clavenger . Percobaan dilakukan dengan daya microwave 450 W dan waktu ekstraksi selama 12 jam dengan waktu pengambilan sampel tiap 2 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 352, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Sketsa peralatan Microwave Hydrodistillation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 380, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Metode Soxhlet Extraction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 395, "width": 255, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rancangan percobaan untuk metode soxhlet extraction dimulai dengan mempersiapkan bahan baku serbuk gaharu sebanyak 10g kemudian dimasukkan kedalam kertas saring yang telah dibentuk tabung silinder dan mengikatnya. Kemudian merangkai alat soxhlet seperti pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 641, "width": 135, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Sketsa alat Soxhlet Extraction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 664, "width": 255, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kantong yang berisi akar wangi tersebut kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam soxhlet dan ditambahkan dengan pelarut organik n-Hexane sebanyak 500 mL. Peralatan soxhlet extraction kemudian dipanaskan dengan heating mantel hingga terjadi beberapa kali proses cycle . Proses ekstraksi dihentikan jika pelarut n-Hexane pada tabung ekstraksi telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 6, No. 2 (2017) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F394", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 53, "width": 31, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "jernih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 71, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Perhitungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 86, "width": 255, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perhitungan yield minyak wangi yang diperoleh dihitung dengan persamaan yang mengacu dari penelitian yang dilakukan Chen et al. (2015) [4], untuk menghitung yield , fraksi kadar air diwakili dalam variabel x . Sehingga, fraksi bahan dapat dirumuskan sebagai ( 1 - x ). Jadi, yield minyak yang mempertimbangkan kadar air bahan yang diektstrak, dapat dihitung melalui persamaan berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 169, "width": 162, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "100 x) - (1 bahan massa minyak massa (%)   Yield", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 47, "top": 206, "width": 254, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dimana: X = kadar air massa bahan = hasil penimbangan bahan saat sebelum dieksktrak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 253, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk mengetahui recovery pada metode microwave hydrodistillation , diasumsikan bahwa minyak akar wangi yang terkandung dalam bahan telah terekstrak sempurna pada metode soxhlet extraction sehingga dapat dilakukan perhitungan recovery dengan persamaan berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 324, "width": 238, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "100 llation hydrodisti microwave minyak massa extraction soxhlet minyak massa (%) cov", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 48, "top": 327, "width": 234, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Re   ery", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 101, "top": 368, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 384, "width": 255, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari gaharu dilakukan dengan dua metode ekstraksi yaitu microwave hydrodistillation dan metode soxhlet extraction . Kedua metode menggunakan bahan gaharu dengan ukuran serbuk dikarenakan dengan memperkecil ukuran bahan, maka luas permukaan bahan akan semakin besar. Hal ini membuat proses ektraksi menjadi semakin efisien [5]. Selain itu dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil proses difusi minyak gaharu lebih mudah karena tahanan difusi yang dialami menjadi lebih kecil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 490, "width": 255, "height": 244, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode microwave hydrodistillation menggunakan pelarut air karena memiliki konstanta dielektrik yang tinggi sehingga penyerapan gelombang mikro lebih optimal. Secara umum, kapasitas dari pelarut untuk menyerap energi microwave akan tinggi apabila pelarut yang digunakan memiliki nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) yang tinggi [6]. Nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) sendiri menunjukkan kemampuan dari pelarut untuk dapat terpolarisasi oleh medan listrik eksternal dan dapat dianggap sebagai ukuran relatif dari densitas energi microwave [7]. Selain itu, konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) juga berperan penting dalam menentukan interaksi antara medan listrik dengan matriks. Sehingga dengan semakin tinggi nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) yang dimiliki oleh pelarut, maka pelarut tersebut akan semakin baik dalam menyerap energi microwave . Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini digunakan aquades sebagai pelarut. Pemilihan aquades sebagai pelarut pada penelitian ini juga didasarkan pada hal yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya yaitu akuades memiliki nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) yang tinggi, yakni sebesar 80,4 [8]. Apabila dibandingkan dengan beberapa pelarut lain seperti metanol,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 53, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "etanol, toluena dan heksana, maka akuades dapat dikatakan memiliki nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) yang paling tinggi diantara yang lainnya. Berikut adalah nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) untuk beberapa pelarut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 123, "width": 241, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) (ε’ ) untuk beberapa pelarut pada 2450 MHz dan temperatur kamar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 150, "width": 200, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelarut Dielectric constant (ε’ ) Akuades 80,4 DMSO a 45,0 DMF b 37,7 Etilen glikol 37,0 Metanol 32,6 Etanol 24,3 Kloroform 4,8 Toluena 2,4 Heksana 1,9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 249, "width": 95, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide b DMF, dimethylformamide", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 282, "width": 255, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan menggunakan pelarut akuades, proses ekstraksi microwave hydrodistillation dapat menghemat biaya pelarut karena tidak perlu menggunakan n-Hexane. Selain itu efisiensi pemanasannya juga lebih baik daripada pelarut lainnya karena memiliki nilai konstanta dielektrik ( dielectric constant ) yang paling tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 353, "width": 255, "height": 145, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mekanisme pemanasan menggunakan gelombang mikro, perpindahan panas secara radiasi akan memanaskan kandungan air in-situ pada matriks bahan. Arah pemanasan tersebut terjadi dari dalam ke luar layaknya arah perpindahan massa pada proses ekstraksi ini. Kombinasi arah perpindahan panas dan massa yang keduanya terjadi dari dalam ke luar, memudahkan proses difusi minyak gaharu yang terkandung di dalam matriks [9]. Radiasi gelombang mikro juga akan memanaskan air. Selain itu, terjadi mekanisme perpindahan panas secara konveksi dan konduksi pada daerah disekitar air dan bahan. Kombinasi ketiga mekanisme perpindahan panas tersebut juga mendukung proses ektraksi minyak atsiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 501, "width": 255, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari Gambar 3 dapat dilihat bahwa kenaikan suhu dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation berlangsung secara cepat dan cenderung konstan pada suhu 100 o C. Hal ini menunjukkan efisiensi pemanasan pada metode microwave hydrodistillation lebih baik dari pada metode soxhlet extraction. Pemilihan daya 450 W pada penelitian ini didasarkan pada profil suhu yang diperoeh dari Gambar 3. Dapat dilihat bahwa kenaikan suhu antara daya 450 W dan 600 W tidak terpaut terlalu jauh sehingga dipilih daya 450 W karena penggunaan daya yang lebih kecil sehingga menghemat energi yang dibutuhkan untuk proses ekstraksi minyak atsiri dari gaharu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 6, No. 2 (2017) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 545, "top": 24, "width": 23, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F395", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 200, "width": 235, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3. Profil suhu-waktu pada metode microwave hydrodistillation.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 223, "width": 254, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan pada penilitian ini dapat diketahui metode microwave hydrodistillation menhasilkan yield minyak gaharu sebesar 1,38% dengan waktu ekstraksi 12 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 388, "width": 249, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4. Grafik perolehan yield pada metode microwave hydrodistillation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 410, "width": 255, "height": 121, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari gambar 4 dapat dilihat hasil perolehan yield , dengan metode microwave hydrodistillation menunjukkan peningkatan yang signifikan seiring berjalannya waktu ekstraksi. Gambar ini menunjukkan grafik perolehan yield pada metode microwave hydrodistillation, dapat diketahui bahwa yield yang dihasilkan memiliki kecenderungan naik dan masih belum mencapai fase kenaikan yang konstan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak gaharu yang dihasilkan masih dapat bertambah jika waktu ekstraksi dilanjutkan lebih dari 12 jam hingga tercapai fase terdifusinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 534, "width": 254, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut adalah perbandingan dari masing-masing metode dapat dilihat dari perolehan yield minyak gaharu yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh yiled minyak gaharu seperti pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 590, "width": 239, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Perolehan yield minyak gaharu pada metode microwave hydrodistillation dan soxhlet extraction Metode Ekstraksi Lama Waktu Ekstraksi (Jam) Yield(%) Microwave Hydrodistillation 12 jam 1,38 Soxhlet Extraction 16 jam 1,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 682, "width": 255, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada metode microwave hydrodistillation diperoleh yield minyak gaharu sebesar 1,38%. Sedangkan untuk metode soxhlet extraction sebesar 1,67%. Jika dibandingkan dengan metode soxhlet extraction , metode microwave", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 53, "width": 255, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hydrodistillation jauh lebih cepat dalam segi waktu ekstraksi dimana hanya membutuhkan waktu 12 jam untuk mencapai yield s ebesar 1,38%. Hal ini merupakan salah satu kelebihan dari metode microwave hydrodistillation .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 100, "width": 255, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Parameter lain untuk mengetahui efektifitas metode microwave hydrodistillation adalah dengan mengetahui recovery minyak yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan perhitungan recovery , diperoleh recovery untuk metode microwave hydrodistillation sebesar 79,47%. Hasil ini menunjukkan metode microwave hydrodistillation dapat mengekstrak minyak gaharu dengan waktu yang cepat dan perolehan yield yang lebih tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 212, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IV. KESIMPULAN/RINGKASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 317, "top": 228, "width": 251, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Metode microwave hydrodistillation dapat mengekstrak minyak gaharu dengan perolehan yield sebesar 1,38% dengan menggunakan 50 ml pelarut akuades selama waktu ekstraksi 12 jam, dan dengan daya microwave yang digunakan 450 W.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 317, "top": 290, "width": 251, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Metode soxhlet extraction berhasil mengekstrak minyak gaharu dengan perolehan yield sebesar 1,67% dengan menggunakan 500mL pelarut organik n-Hexane selama waktu ekstraksi 16 jam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 317, "top": 339, "width": 251, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Dari hasil pengamatan dan analisis yang telah dilakukan maka dapat diketahui bahwa metode microwave hydrodistillation memiliki beberapa kelebihan jika dibandingkan dengan metode soxhlet extraction , di antaranya dapat mempercepat waktu ekstraksi, menghemat biaya operasional karena tidak menggunakan pelarut n-Hexane dan tetap memberikan yield yang tinggi dengan nilai recovery sebesar 79,47%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 395, "top": 456, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 469, "width": 255, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] N. Sulaiman and et al, “ Effects of extraction methods on yield and chemical compounds of gaharu (aquilaria malaccensis), ” J. Trop. For. Sci. , vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 413 – 419, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 497, "width": 255, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[2] Samadi and et al, “ Assessing the kinetic model of hydro-distillation and chemical composition of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves essential oil, ” Chinese J. Chem. Eng. , 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 526, "width": 255, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[3] E. T. Thostenson and T. W. Chou, “Microwave Processing :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 535, "width": 222, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fundamentals and Application, ” J. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. , vol. 30, pp. 1055 – 1071, 1999.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 554, "width": 254, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[4] F. Chen, Y. Zu, and L. Yang, “ A Novel Approach for Isolation of Essential Oil from Fresh Leaves of Magnolia Sieboldii using Microwave-Assisted Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction, ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 582, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sep. Purif. Technol. , vol. 154, pp. 271 – 280, 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 592, "width": 254, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[5] H. S. Kusuma and M. Mahfud, “ Microwave Hydrodistillation for Extraction of Essential Oil From Pogostemon cablin Benth: Analysis and Modelling of Extraction Kinetics, ” J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants , vol. 4, pp. 46 – 54, 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 630, "width": 255, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[6] G. Spigno and D. . De Faveri, “ Microwave-assisted Extraction of Tea Phenols: A Phenomenological Study, ” J. Food Eng. , vol. 93, pp. 210 – 217, 2009.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 661, "width": 250, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[7] G. . Raju, Dielectrics in Electric Fields . New York: Dekker, 2003.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 670, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[8]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 345, "top": 670, "width": 222, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. C. Metaxas, Foundations of Electroheat: A Unified Approach . New York: John Wiley, 1996.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 313, "top": 687, "width": 254, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[9] Golmakani, Mohammad-Taghi, and M. Moayyedi, “ Comparison of heat and mass transfer of different microwave- assisted extraction methods of essential oil from Citrus limon (Lisbon variety) peel, ” Food Sci. Nutr. , vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 506 – 518, 2015.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 296, "top": 781, "width": 5, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susunan Redaksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 114, "width": 81, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Editor In-Chief", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 134, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demeiati Nur Kusumaningrum, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 175, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Managing Editor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 195, "width": 272, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hafid Adim Pradana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 236, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Editorial Boards", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 296, "height": 216, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Sahide, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Asep Nurjaman, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Ayusia Sabhita Kusuma, Universitas Jendral Soedirman Fauzik Lendriyono, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Hardi Alunaza SD, Universitas Tanjungpura Muhammad Kamil, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Nurudin, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Tonny Dian Effendi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Winda Hardyanti, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Yusuf Adam Hilman, Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kontak Redaksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 155, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 223, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/sospol", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 620, "width": 53, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelola", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pusat Kajian Sosial dan Politik (PKSP), Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Gedung Kuliah Bersama (GKB) I Lt. 6, Kampus III Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 681, "width": 258, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246, 65144 Malang, Jawa Timur Telp. (0341) 464318-319 Ext. 132.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 722, "width": 140, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] Website: pksp.umm.ac.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 781, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 88, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Pengantar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 114, "width": 455, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sospol merupakan jurnal yang dikelola oleh Pusat Kajian Sosial dan Politik (PKSP), Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (FISIP) Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang (UMM). Jurnal Sospol berkomitmen mendukung inovasi dan perkembangan studi Sosiologi, Pemerintahan, Komunikasi, Kesejahteraan Sosial, dan Hubungan Internasional dengan mengangkat isu-isu strategis dalam lingkup domestik maupun global sebagai hasil penelitian para akademisi dan pakar di bidang masing-masing. Berkat kerja sama dan peran semua pihak baik penulis, tim editor, dan mitra bestari, Jurnal Sospol mampu meningkatkan akreditasi nasional tahun 2019 dengan peringkat SINTA 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 455, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alhamdulillah, Volume 6 Nomor 1 (Januari-Juni 2020) ini dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu meskipun komunikasi dan kerja Redaksi dilakukan di rumah ( Work from Home ) selama pandemi Covid-19. Pada edisi ini, Sospol: Jurnal Sosial Politik menghadirkan artikel yang membahas berbagai judul penelitian menarik dari ragam 11 topik kajian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 357, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan pertama milik Said Romadlan yang menilik bagaimana diskursus Negara Pancasila di kalangan Muhammadiyah. Menurut temuannya, Muhammadiyah meyakini bahwa Indonesia adalah darul ahdi wa syahadah dan karena itu Muhammadiyah kontra terhadap wacana Khilafah. Kedua, tulisan Pinurba Parama Pratiyudha berusaha meninjau tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Dengan menganalisis Program Desa Mandiri Energi oleh PJB UP Paiton, penulis berargumen bahwa tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memperkuat kapabilitas masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, tulisan Nevy Rusmarina Dewi dkk. menganalisis perubahan kebijakan Arab Saudi di masa Raja Salman khususnya berkaitan dengan kesetaraan gender dan hak-hak perempuan. Menurutnya, berbagai perubahan kebijakan itu dipengaruhi oleh dinamika sosial- budaya perempuan Arab, perdebatan ulama, serta agenda Visi 2030 Raja Salman. Tulisan keempat oleh Dedy Prasetyo menganalisis pro dan kontra terkait penerapan ASEAN Open Sky Policy . Hasil penelitiannya menemukan bahwa ASEAN Open Sky memberikan keuntungan bagi Singapura dan Malaysia, sementara Indonesia dan Filipina cenderung dirugikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 455, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun tulisan kelima, Riki Rahmad dkk. berusaha menganalisis kendala implementasi kebijakan fasilitasi alat peraga kampanye pada Pemilu 2019 dengan studi kasus di Kota Bukittinggi. Hal ini menyajikan fakta yang bertentangan antara harapan pemerintah dengan kebutuhan teknis peserta pemilu. Sementara, Nabil Lintang Pamungkas dkk. Berargumentasi bahwa terdapat relasi strategis antara politik dan isu agama melalui Aksi Bela Islam pada Pemilu 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 781, "width": 10, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "iii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 455, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagi peminat studi Hubungan Internasional, tulisan ketujuh oleh Anggia Valerisha dan Raden Fahrizal Ahadisuryo mengajak kita memahami pentingnya nation-branding yang direpresentasikan oleh brand terkemuka IKEA. Penulis meyakini IKEA dengan karakteristik unik yang dimilikinya menjadi instrumen diplomasi publik. Hal ini memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap citra Swedia di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan Yusuf Adam Hilman dkk. memaknai salah satu keragaman budaya nusantara dengan mengidentifikasi identitas etnik Panaragan di Ponorogo. Penelitian ini berupaya mengubah persepsi pembaca tentang akar sebuah stigma negatif terhadap masyarakat Ponorogo yang memunculkan peran konstruksi sejarah budaya lokal di era kolonial dan internalisasi nilai-nilai spriritual dan magis dari sebuah pertunjukan seni - Reyog . Kesembilan, tulisan milik Radityo Widiatmojo mengajak pembaca untuk lebih cerdas memaknai berita bergambar di era pandemi. Literasi visual menjadi jurus ampuh menangkal berbagai foto hoax Covid-19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 455, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Edisi Juni 2020 ini ditutup oleh kajian studi pemerintahan yang perlu menjadi pembelajaran bersama. Mohammad Hidayaturrahman menganalisis peran wakil rakyat di Kabupaten Sumenep. Melalui metode observasi dan wawancara, penulis menemukan fakta bahwa wakil rakyat menghadapi tantangan dan situasi yang dilematis dalam sistem demokrasi Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 396, "width": 455, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terima kasih telah membaca Jurnal Sospol. Kami juga mengundang para pembaca untuk berkontribusi sebagai penulis edisi berikutnya. Semoga kita semua senantiasa sehat dan pandemi ini segera berakhir. Salam sukses dari FISIP UMM!", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Malang, Juni 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 36, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salam,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 781, "width": 10, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "iv", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 56, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Isi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 114, "width": 420, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susunan Redaksi ..............................................................................................................................ii", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 134, "width": 423, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................................................iii Daftar Isi ..........................................................................................................................................iv", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 175, "width": 267, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diskurus Negara Pancasila di Kalangan Muhammadiyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 195, "width": 438, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Said Romadlan 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Rusmarina Dewi, Aziza Ihsanul Fikri, Afifah Febriani ..........................................................30-42", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 366, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pro dan Kontra Penerapan ASEAN Open Sky bagi Negara Anggota ASEAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 317, "width": 441, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dedi Prasetyo .....................................................................................................................................43-54", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 337, "width": 371, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kendala Implementasi Kebijakan Fasilitas Alat Peraga Kampanye Pemilu 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 357, "width": 92, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "di Kota Bukittinggi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 441, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riki Rahmad, Asrinaldi, Indraddin ..................................................................................................55-69", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 344, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Relasi Politik dan Isu Agama: Dinamika Politik PKS dan Aksi Bela Islam Pada Pemilu Serentak 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 441, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabil Lintang Pamungkas, Agung Widiyantoro, Moddie Alvianto Wicaksono .................................70-84", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 398, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IKEA in Indonesia: The Synergy of Swedish Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 479, "width": 443, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggia Valerisha, Raden Fahrizal Ahadisuryo ................................................................................. 85-97", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Identitas Lokal Masyarakat Etnik Panaragan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 452, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yusuf Adam Hilman, Ekapti Wahjuni Dwiyanti, Khoirurrosyidin ....................................................98-113 Literasi Visual sebagai Penangkal Foto Hoax Covid-19 Radityo Widiatmojo ...........................................................................................................................114-127", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 338, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran Wakil Rakyat dalam Pembangunan di Daerah Pemilihan Sumenep", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 600, "width": 452, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mohammad Hidayaturrahman ...........................................................................................................128-141", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53 | Jurnal Integrasi | 2012 Vol. 4(1) 53-58 | ISSN: 2085-3858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 116, "width": 436, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data Mining untuk Estimasi Biaya Produksi pada Industri Kecil dengan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 237, "top": 142, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem Produksi Job order", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 172, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uuf Brajawidagda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 207, "top": 192, "width": 217, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurusan Teknik Informatika Politeknik Negeri Batam Parkway, Batam Centre, Batam 29461, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 239, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 271, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 465, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem produksi job order yang sering digunakan oleh industri kecil adalah sistem produksi berbasis pesanan yang dicirikan dengan variasi produk banyak, skala produksi berukuran kecil dan daur hidup produk yang pendek. Pesanan yang datang dari konsumen harus ditanggapi dengan segera dalam bentuk penawaran harga dan waktu produksi. Proses penawaran harga menuntut kecepatan proses estimasi biaya produksi sehingga respon kepada konsumen dapat dilakukan lebih cepat. Dengan metode K-Means dan Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) secara bersama-sama, estimasi biaya dengan metode analogi dapat dilakukan sehingga dapat mempercepat proses estimasi biaya. Metode K-Means digunakan untuk melakukan pengelompokan produk sedangkan metode MLR digunakan untuk membangkitkan model estimasi biaya untuk setiap kelompok. Akurasi model diukur dengan mempergunakan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dan digunakan untuk menentukan kemampuan model estimasi biaya yang dibangkitkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 318, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Job Order, Estimasi Biaya, K-Means, Multiple Linear Regression", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 437, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Pendahuluan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 221, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam lingkungan bisnis manufaktur job order , order response dilakukan dengan menyampaikan penawaran harga dan waktu produksi kepada konsumen setelah konsumen menyampaikan pesanan. Estimasi biaya produksi dibuat berdasarkan gambar rancangan produk manufaktur yang dimodelkan dalam bentuk file Computer Aided Design (CAD). Proses estimasi biaya yang didasarkan pada rancangan produk membutuhkan waktu dan sumber daya yang besar, sehingga order response menjadi lama. Karena itu diperlukan metode estimasi biaya lain sehingga order response dapat dipercepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 222, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seiring perkembangan teknologi di bidang pengelolaan data dan data mining, data historis dapat digunakan untuk mendukung kegiatan pengambilan keputusan. Data Mining adalah sebuah tahapan dalam Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD) yang diawali dengan kegiatan data cleaning dan data selection (tahap penyiapan data) untuk menghasilkan pattern dan rule. Selanjutnya pattern dan rule akan dievaluasi oleh manajemen organisasi untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu pendukung pengambilan keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 221, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan produk manufaktur berisi informasi tentang fitur geometri dan fitur pemesinan, dimana kedua informasi tersebut berkorelasi dengan proses produksi yang diperlukan untuk membentuk sebuah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 436, "width": 221, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "produk. Informasi geometri dan pemesinan yang terdapat pada data historis rancangan produk manufaktur mengandung informasi yang berharga yang dapat membantu proses estimasi biaya produksi manufaktur. Karena itu dalam penelitian ini membahas ekstraksi informasi dari data historis rancangan produk manufaktur yang selanjutnya digunakan sebagai dasar estimasi biaya produksi manufaktur melalui teknik clustering dan predictive data mining .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 356, "top": 556, "width": 181, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Estimasi Biaya pada Manufaktur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 579, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Chisholm (1990), manufaktur adalah serangkaian aktifitas dan operasi yang melibatkan kegiatan perancangan, pemilihan material, perencanaan produksi, proses produksi dan penjaminan kualitas produk. Biaya, secara umum dapat didefinisikan sebagai sumber daya ekonomi yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan aktifitas pekerjaan dan biasanya dinyatakan dalam satuan mata uang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 677, "width": 209, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL 1 P ENERAPAN M ETODE P ERKIRAAN B IAYA DALAM D AUR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 693, "width": 183, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H IDUP P RODUK (L ONG , 2000) Tahap Analitis Analogi Parametrik Konsepsi ▲ ▲ Pengembangan ▲ ▲ ▲", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 345, "top": 733, "width": 167, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Produksi ▲ ▲ Operasi ▲ ▲ Purna Jual ▲ ▲ ▲", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 428, "top": 50, "width": 119, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History Received 13 February 2012 Accepted 16 March 2012", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 51, "width": 109, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Integrasi vol. 4, no. 1, 2012, 53-58", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 82, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2085-3858 (print version)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 784, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54 | Jurnal Integrasi | 2012 Vol. 4(1) 53-58 | ISSN: 2085-3858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 224, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam manufaktur, perkiraan biaya adalah prosedur untuk memperkirakan biaya manufaktur dari sebuah produk sebelum seluruh tahapan dalam siklus pengembangan produk dilakukan. Long (2000) mengelompokkan siklus pengembangan produk menjadi 5 (lima) tahap, yaitu: konsepsi, pengembangan, produksi, operasi dan purna jual seperti pada Tabel 1. Pada awal daur hidup produk, informasi yang tersedia sangat terbatas dan akan semakin lengkap seiring pertambahan tahapan daur hidup produk tersebut. Berdasarkan ketersediaan informasi, metode perkiraan biaya yang sesuai untuk tahap konsepsi adalah metode analogi dan parametrik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 221, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan order response merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam tahap konsepsi, dimana informasi detil produk belum tersedia. Metode perkiraan biaya produksi yang sesuai dalam tahap ini adalah metode analogi dan parametrik seperti pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 419, "width": 166, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Paradok Estimasi Biaya (Bode, 1998)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besaran biaya dalam manufaktur yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan sebuah produk dapat diperkirakan lebih akurat pada saat informasi detil produk sudah tersedia. Dalam tahap perancangan produk, 70% informasi detil produk sudah tersedia sehingga diharapkan perkiraan biaya yang dilakukan pada tahap ini lebih akurat. Namun demikian, pada tahap perancangan produk, informasi tentang detil informasi produk belum tersedia, sehingga sulit untuk membuat perkiraan biaya pada tahap ini. Fenomena ini disebut sebagai cost estimation paradox seperti pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 221, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Weustink (2000), perkiraan biaya yang dilakukan berdasarkan pada rancangan produk ditentukan oleh cost driver yang saling terkait, terdiri dari geometri, material, proses produksi dan perencanaan produksi. Pada tahap perancangan, cost driver yang sangat berpengaruh pada perkiraan biaya adalah geometri dan material.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum mennurut Camargo (2003) terdapat 3 metode dalam penentuan cost estimation pada industri manufaktur:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 713, "width": 203, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Metode analitis, yaitu perkiraan biaya berdasarkan data perancangan. Rancangan produk dirinci menjadi bill of material dan proses-proses yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan produk tersebut. Metode ini", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 362, "top": 87, "width": 186, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sesuai untuk diterapkan pada tahap produksi pengembangan sebuah produk baru. Kelemahan dari metode ini adalah a) hanya dapat diterapkan jika data rancangan dan proses produksi sudah diketahui b) membutuhkan data dan sumber daya yang besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 176, "width": 203, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Metode analogi, yaitu perkiraan biaya berdasarkan kemiripan produk terhadap produk sejenis yang pernah diproduksi. Aspek kemiripan yang dibandingkan dalam metode ini di antaranya adalah kemiripan fungsi, kemiripan fitur dan kemiripan morfologi fisik. Metode ini menuntut kepakaran dan pengalaman dalam melakukan penentuan tingkat kemiripan antar produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 287, "width": 204, "height": 228, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metode parametrik, yaitu metode dengan perkiraan biaya dengan pemodelan matematis dari sejumlah Cost Estimation Relationships (CER), aturan dasar ( ground rules ), asumsi-asumsi, variabel dan konstanta untuk mendeskripsikan dan mendefinisikan kondisi tertentu. Metode ini dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, namun menuntut pemutakhiran model matematis sesuai perkembangan variasi produk. Metode ini sangat berguna terutama pada tahap awal perancangan produk dimana informasi detil belum tersedia. CER merupakan ekspresi matematis yang memberikan biaya produksi sebagai fungsi dari satu atau lebih variabel cost driver. Kelebihan penggunaan CER adalah: memungkinkan estimasi yang cepat tanpa perlu informasi detil dan CER dilakukan berdasarkan ongkos produksi historis yang nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 533, "width": 167, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Algoritma K-Means dan MLR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 556, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Algoritma k-means merupakan salah satu teknik clustering dengan partitioning method, dimana inisialisasi titik pusat cluster secara random sangat mempengaruhi hasil proses clustering . Menurut Deelers (2007), perbaikan proses inisialisasi awal titik pusat cluster dapat dilakukan dengan cara melakukan partisi data berdasar pada atribut yang mempunyai variansi tertinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 656, "width": 221, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) merupakan salah satu teknik dalam predictive data mining. Menurut Fayyad (1996), tujuan akhir dari data mining adalah untuk membuat prediksi terhadap data baru berdasarkan data historis, karena itu predictive data mining banyak diterapkan dalam berbagai aktivitas bisnis. Predictive data mining prediksi sebuah label data baru berdasarkan aturan yang telah dibangkitkan dari data historis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 784, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55 | Jurnal Integrasi | 2012 Vol. 4(1) 53-58 | ISSN: 2085-3858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 175, "top": 88, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 221, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berencana melakukan data mining untuk data historis rancangan produk manufaktur. Rancangan produk manufaktur biasanya disimpan dalam bentuk gambar. Karena itu dalam penelitian ini perlu melakukan proses ekstraksi gambar menjadi informasi berbentuk teks agar pemrosesan data dapat dilakukan lebih lanjut. Proses ekstraksi dan pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan oleh perangkat lunak yang secara khusus dikembangkan untuk mendukung penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 222, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terkait teknik data mining yang digunakan, maka perlu dilakukan kegiatan penyiapan data, yang dalam hal ini terdiri dari: 1) Data cleaning , terdiri dari kegiatan untuk menghilangkan noise dan mengelola missing value . 2) Data integration and transformation , yaitu integrasi dari beberapa sumber data berupa database, file atau data cube.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 222, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan untuk teknik data mining yang digunakan, digunakan kombinasi antara clustering dan classification. Clustering ini digunakan untuk mengelompokkan produk yang mirip. Kemiripan dapat diformalisasikan menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 387, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kemiripan sebagai predikat, menyatakan apakah dua buah objek A dan B mempunyai kemiripan atau tidak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 429, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kemiripan sebagai tingkat relasi, menyatakan bahwa objek A lebih mirip kepada objek B dibandingkan objek C", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 472, "width": 203, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kemiripan sebagai ukuran, menyatakan tingkat kuantitatif kemiripan dari dua buah objek A dan B", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 221, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Layer (2003) menyatakan bahwa tidak ada cara untuk mengukur kemiripan secara umum, karena kemiripan selalu terkait dengan tujuan spesifik yang ingin dicapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 222, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, clustering dengan teknik k-means digunakan sebagai pengolahan awal terhadap data historis rancangan produk dengan pertimbangan kemudahan perhitungan dan kemudahan visualisasi untuk keperluan interpretasi. K-means membagi koleksi dari n vector x j , j=1,..,n menjadi c kelompok G, i=1,..,c dan menentukan pusat cluster dalam setiap kelompok dengan berdasarkan cost function yang minimum. Selanjutnya, teknik multiple linear regression (MLR) digunakan untuk menentukan rumus estimasi biaya produksi untuk setiap kelompok produk yang mempunyai kemiripan fitur geometri dan fitur pemesinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 221, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk akurasi prediksi, ukuran yang digunakan adalah Minimun Average Percentage of Error (MAPE). MAPE adalah rata-rata persentase absolut dari penyimpangan hasil estimasi, yang didapat dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 87, "width": 221, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menghitung jumlah kesalahan absolut tiap data dan selanjutnya dibagi dengan jumlah data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 414, "top": 127, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Data Set", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 149, "width": 221, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang digunakan adalah 44 buah file solidwork (*.sldprt) yang merupakan data rancangan produk manufaktur di sebuah industri kecil PT X pada periode bulan Januari-Mei 2007. Jumlah dataset yang digunakan sangat sedikit untuk kepeluan data mining, dikarenakan tingkat ketersediaan file rancangan dalam bentuk solidwork yang terbatas. Contoh file yang akan diekstrak disajikan pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 407, "width": 221, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2 Contoh File Gambar Rancangan Produk Manufaktur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 548, "width": 95, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 Fitur Pemesinan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 362, "top": 575, "width": 167, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Ekstraksi Gambar Rancangan Manufaktur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 609, "width": 221, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses ekstraksi ini akan mengenali jenis objek komponen gambar pada setiap sumbu gambar {x+, x-, y+, y-, z+, z-}. Informasi yang diekstrak dari gambar rancangan manufaktur berisi informasi terkait fitur pemesinan. Fitur adalah sekumpulan bentuk permukaan produk manufaktur yang mempunyai arti bentuk rekayasa khusus seperti pada Gambar 3. Knoblach (1998) meneliti tentang perkiraan biaya produksi berbasis pada biaya pembuatan fitur untuk mass production.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 784, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56 | Jurnal Integrasi | 2012 Vol. 4(1) 53-58 | ISSN: 2085-3858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 238, "width": 183, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4 Hasil Ekstraksi Fitur Produk Manufaktur", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 224, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara rinci, informasi yang diekstrak dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari OrderID, ProductName, Fitur Geometri dan Fitur Pemesinan seperti disajikan pada Gambar 4. Informasi Fitur Geometri berisi tentang Panjang, Lebar, Tinggi dan Volume Produk. sedangkan Fitur Pemesinan menyimpan informasi mengenai jumlah Hole, Face, Pocket, Boss, Surface dan Side.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 353, "width": 99, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Penyiapan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 375, "width": 221, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan penyiapan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 2, yaitu pemilihan atribut dan penanganan nilai kosong. Seleksi atribut digunakan untuk melakukan pemilihan atribut yang akan digunakan untuk data mining. Proses ini mempergunakan data masukan pengguna berdasarkan skema data hasil ekstraksi seperti disajikan pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 221, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan penanganan nilai kosong digunakan untuk mengisi nilai kosong yang mungkin didapatkan sehingga data menjadi lengkap. Nilai kosong diisi dengan nilai mean dari sebuah atribut tempat dimana data kosong berada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 690, "width": 180, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5 Pemilihan Fitur Produk untuk Clustering", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 715, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Clustering", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 738, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Clustering dimulai dengan kegiatan inisialisasi titik pusat cluster sesuai langkah pertama algoritma K-Means. Pada algoritma K-Means, titik pusat cluster", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 87, "width": 221, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "awal ditentukan dengan cara memilih sejumlah data secara acak. Dengan proses ini, diharapkan proses pengelompokan produk dapat dilakukan secara lebih baik dibandingkan dengan penggunaan algoritma K-Means biasa. Proses ini dilakukan dengan menentukan jumlah cluster seperti disajikan pada Gambar 6 dan selanjutnya hasil dari proses ini adalah sejumlah centroid sesuai dengan jumlah cluster .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 386, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6 Proses Clustering", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 403, "width": 222, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dilakukan pengelompokan data ke dalam sejumlah kelompok data yang disebut cluster . Proses ini dilakukan dengan cara menghitung jarak Euclidian data terhadap centroid . Jarak terkecil terhadap titik pusat cluster dijadikan sebagai dasar pengalokasian data ke dalam cluster .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 488, "width": 178, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Pembuatan Aturan Estimasi dan Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 523, "width": 221, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembuatan aturan estimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan algoritma MLR. Proses pembuatan algoritma dilakukan dengan melakukan langkah-langkah berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 577, "width": 203, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat matrik persamaan linier untuk membuat dua buah matrik, yaitu matrik yang berisi variabel dependen dan matrik biaya. Matrik variabel dependen diperoleh dari proses clustering , sedangkan matrik biaya diperoleh dari data pesanan. Matrik variabel dependen selanjutnya digunakan sebagai data masukan pada proses penghitungan koefisien regresi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 344, "top": 689, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Membuat koefisien regresi dilakukan untuk menghitung koefisien nilai regresi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 720, "width": 222, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan dua proses tersebut, maka aturan estimasi pada masing-masing cluster diperoleh seperti disajikan pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 762, "width": 221, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah aturan estimasi terbentuk, dilakukan pengujian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 784, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57 | Jurnal Integrasi | 2012 Vol. 4(1) 53-58 | ISSN: 2085-3858", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 221, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan menggunakan data historis. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara nilai estimasi dengan biaya produksi historis. Dari 44 data yang diuji, menghasilkan nilai MAPE yang bervariasi dengan kecenderungan semakin banyak jumlah cluster, maka nilai MAPE lebih kecil. Artinya, semakin banyak jumlah cluster, maka akurasi estimasi semakin baik. Namun demikian, ketika jumlah cluster semakin banyak, akurasi tidak linear turun terus tetapi cenderung stabil pada kisaran 34% seperti disajikan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 389, "width": 144, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7 Aturan Estimasi setiap Cluster", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 145, "top": 409, "width": 99, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL 2 HASIL PENGUJIAN", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 112, "top": 426, "width": 165, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah Data Jumlah Cluster MAPE Akurasi 44 2 34.5% 65.5% 44 3 32.5% 67.5% 44 4 32.1% 67.9% 44 5 31.5% 68.5% 44 10 32.0% 68.0% 44 20 36.0% 64.0% 44 30 33.5% 66.5% 44 40 34.0% 66.0%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 754, "width": 148, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8 Estimasi terhadap Produk Baru", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 354, "top": 88, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Estimasi Harga Terhadap Produk Baru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 123, "width": 221, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat dua langkah yang dilakukan dalam menghitung estimasi harga baru ini. Pertama adalah menentukan keanggotaan sebuah data baru terhadap kelompok data yang dihasilkan dari aturan estimasi. Jarak Euclidian terkecil antara data baru dengan titik pusat masing-masing cluster dijadikan sebagai acuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 200, "width": 221, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah keanggotaan dalam sebuah cluster ditentukan, maka estimasi biaya produk berdasarkan koefisien regresi dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengalikan parameter prediksi dengan masing-masing koefisien regresi akan menghasilkan prediksi biaya seperti disajikan pada Gambar 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 404, "top": 285, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 307, "width": 222, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekstraksi data fitur pemesinan sudah mampu mengekstraksi informasi umum produk seperti: panjang, lebar dan tinggi material serta jumlah Hole, Face, Pocket, Boss, Surface dan Side. Namun demikian, ekstraksi belum dapat merepresentasikan proses pemesinan karena informasi tidak dilakukan secara lebih rinci. Informasi seperti volume massa yang dihasilkan dari sebuah fitur tentu akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pemesinan yang diperlukan. Data fitur pemesinan yang lebih rinci diduga akan menghasilkan proses pengelompokan produk dan prediksi yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 453, "width": 221, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada teknik penyiapan data, sebenarnya terdapat banyak pilihan yang digunakan. Dalam penelitian ini hanya dapat disediakan pilihan terbatas kepada pengguna. Terkait dengan teknik data mining yang digunakan, deskripsi kelompok produk dapat ditambahkan sehingga memudahkan pengguna untuk memahami batasan kuantitatif dari sebuah kelompok produk. Selain itu, teknik data mining lain untuk keperluan prediksi produk baru dapat diterapkan sehingga dapat memberikan pertimbangan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna perangkat lunak dalam menentukan harga prediksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 599, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terhadap hasil estimasi, dengan nilai MAPE berkisar 24%, akurasi estimasi dipastikan tidak baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 406, "top": 638, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 661, "width": 221, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Estimasi biaya selalu menjadi pekerjaan penting dalam system produksi job order . Penelitian ini telah berhasil membuktikan bahwa sebuah teknik estimasi berdasarkan data historis dapat dilakukan. File rancangan produk masa lalu dapat dijadikan sebagai basis estimasi. Namun demikian, identifikasi fitur geometri sebagai dasar estimasi biaya pemesinan masih merupakan tantangan. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan pada bidang ini dan terus berkembang. 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[ { "left": 415, "top": 781, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 255, "top": 65, "width": 92, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 86, "width": 229, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 110, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia Vol. 16 No. 2 Tahun 2018 | 59 – 70", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 135, "width": 166, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/geomedia/index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 167, "width": 380, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 344, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Geografi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta [email protected]*; *korespondensi penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 269, "width": 445, "height": 336, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi artikel A B S T R A K Sejarah artikel Diterima Revisi Dipublikasikan : : : Penelitian ini berlatar tentang masalah berkurangnya air tanah di banyak lokasi permukiman padat di wilayah urban Kota Yogyakarta maupun Sleman yang berbatasan dengan kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengetahui perubahan penggunaan lahan dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun dari tahun 2001 hingga 2011, (2) mengetahui wilayah yang memiliki kedalaman air tanah bebas yang relatif dalam, (3) memberi saran kepada pemerintah untuk membuat pembatasan wilayah konservasi dengan membangun resapan buatan yang mungkin dibangun. Subyek penelitian ini adalah semua lahan di Kecamatan Ngaglik. Data perubahan lahan dikumpulkan berdasarkan analisis peta 2001 dan 2011, dan data kedalaman muka sumur diperoleh berdasarkan sumur terbuka penduduk. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen tali, meteran, untuk mengukur kedalaman muka air sumur, dan formulir isian data. Data sekunder yang dikumpulkan adalah data temperatur. Analisis wilayah resapan air dilakukan dengan standar Imhoff dan Riedell. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan penduduk di Kecamatan Ngaglik cukup tinggi, bertambah 24% dalam waktu 10 tahun. Pertambahan penduduk diikuti pertambahan kepala keluarga (KK) hingga 54%, yang selanjutnya mempengaruhi pertambahan permukiman. Luas permukiman bertambah pesat 460 ha, menjadi 1395 ha dari 935 ha pada tahun 2001. Perluasan lahan permukiman berdampak pada berkurangnya lahan peresapan air hujan yang berakibat berkurangnya volume air tanah. Oleh karena itu beberapa wilayah telah mengalami kekeringan lebih awal, terutama wilayah padat permukiman di wilayah perkotaan dan pinggiran. Konservasi air tanah dapat dilakukan dengan dengan membangun resapan buatan yang hendaknya dirancang di wilayah yang memiliki daya serap tinggi dan relatif dalam sehingga efektivitas peresapan air hujan relatif tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 331, "width": 49, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Lahan Air tanah Resapan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 227, "top": 624, "width": 73, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 638, "width": 445, "height": 131, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Land Groundwater Infiltration This research is based on the problem of groundwater decreased in many densely populated locations in the urban areas of Yogyakarta and Sleman City bordering the city of Yogyakarta. This study aims to: (1) determine changes in land use within 10 years from 2001 to 2011, (2) to know the area that has a relatively deep depth of free groundwater, (3) give advice to the government to create a conservation area restrictions by building artificial recharge may be built. The subjects of this study were all land in Ngaglik Sub-District. Land change data was collected based on 2001 and 2011 map analysis, and well depth data obtained based on open wells of residents. This instruments of this study uses rope and roll-meter to measure well water depth, and data entry forms. Secondary data collected", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 67, "top": 34, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 778, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 | Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 213, "top": 60, "width": 294, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is temperature data. Analysis of water catchment areas is done with standard Imhoff and Riedell. The results showed that the population development in Ngaglik District was quite high, increasing by 24% within 10 years. Population growth is followed by family head growth (KK) of up to 54%, which hereinafter affects the increase in settlements. The area of settlements increased rapidly by 460 ha, to 1395 ha from 935 ha in 2001. Expansion of the sattlement land has an impact on the reduction of rainwater infiltration land. therefore the volume of groundwater decreases and some areas have been drought earlier, especially in densely populated areas in urban and suburban areas. It is recommended that groundwater conservation should be done by building artificial recharge and designed in high absorption capacity and are relatively deep area. so that the infiltration of rainwater becomes effective and relatively high.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 219, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2018 (Suhadi Purwantara). All Right Reserved", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 264, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 279, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertumbuhan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 279, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penduduk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 279, "width": 38, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memicu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 295, "width": 228, "height": 196, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertumbuhan permukiman. Tercatat di Sleman, luas hutan yang berubah menjadi permukiman dari tahun 2000 hingga 2004 sebesar tiga hektar, sedangkan areal penggunaan lain seperti sawah, ladang, pekarangan, yang berubah menjadi permukiman seluas 84 hektar (Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan Wilayah XI Jawa-Madura Tahun 2007). Bangunan-bangunan besar yang dibangun sejak dekade 1980-an merupakan bukti nyata bertambahnya luas wilayah terbangun. Hal itu mengakibatkan ruang untuk peresapan air semakin berkurang, dan itu dapat mengakibatkan cadangan air tanah berkurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 493, "width": 225, "height": 151, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resapan air hujan secara alami dapat berupa lahan terbuka, yaitu tanah gundul, hutan dengan lapisan sampah, dan hutan tanpa lapisan sampah. Menurut Japing (Sri Harto, 1993), hutan dengan lapisan sampah memiliki kemampuan laju infiltrasi empat kali lebih besar dari pada tanah gundul. Areal resapan air hujan alami, karena adanya aktivitas penebangan hutan, perluasan lahan pertanian dan perluasan permukiman di banyak wilayah menjadi semakin sempit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 222, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peresapan air hujan ke dalam tubuh air tanah sangat bervariasi antar satu jenis tanah dengan jenis tanah yang lain. Pada lokasi dengan tanah porus, sumur resapan air hujan cukup dibuat dengan diameter kecil dan kedalaman dangkal sudah dapat berfungsi dengan baik, tetapi pada tanah lempung dengan besar sumur resapan yang sama menjadi kurang berfungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 264, "width": 222, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seiring dengan proses pembangunan, bertambahnya wilayah terbangun apakah hal-hal tersebut tidak berpengaruh terhadap cadangan air tanah? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan penggunaan lahan, besar variasi kedalaman air tanah, dan usaha untuk konservasi air tanah berdasar sebaran wilayah resapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 386, "width": 73, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telaah Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 402, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 417, "width": 222, "height": 258, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi ialah pemeliharaan dan perlindungan sesuatu secara teratur untuk mencegah kerusakan dan kemusnahan dengan jalan mengawetkan. Konservasi ialah upaya perlindungan dan pengelolaan yang hati-hati terhadap lingkungan dan sumber daya alam. Konservasi atau pengawetan air tanah dilakukan untuk menjaga kesinambungan ketersediaan air tanah dalam kuantitas dan kualitas yang memadai guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Koservasi air tanah ialah perilaku yang disengaja dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan air tanah segar, melalui metode teknologi atau perilaku sosial (KBBI, 1990; Wikipedia, 2013, Kodoatie, 2008). Konservasi sumberdaya maksudnya adalah upaya perlindungan dan pengelolaan yang hati-hati terhadap lingkungan dan sumber daya alam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 677, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Airtanah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 692, "width": 224, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Air tanah yaitu air yang berada di bawah permukaan tanah dalam ruang-ruang antara butir-butir tanah pada zone jenuh air, dengan tekanan hidrostastis sama atau lebih besar daripada tekanan udara (Fetter, 2001;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 35, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara, dkk | Geomedia Vol 16 No 2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 778, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian | 61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosrodarsono dan Takeda; 2006, Purnama, 2010). Pendapat lainnya menurut Todd (1959); Todd and Mays (2005); , Bouwer (1978); Freeze dan Cherry (1979); Kodoatie (2013), air tanah adalah sejumlah air di bawah permukaan bumi yang dapat dikumpulkan dengan sumur sumur, terowongan atau sistem drainase atau dengan pemompaan. Berdasarkan UU No.7 Tahun 1994 tentang Sumber Daya Air, air tanah adalah air yang terdapat dalam lapisan tanah atau batuan di bawah permukaan tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resapan Air Tanah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 225, "height": 242, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Seiler dan Gat (2007), resapan airtanah ialah komponen infiltrasi yang masuk ke dalam air tanah melalui zona tak jenuh, sungai atau danau. Berarti resapan tersebut adalah alami. Resapan yang tidak alami dinamakan resapan buatan.Media resapan air hujan dapat alami dan buatan. Media resapan alami dapat berupa lahan hutan, lahan gundul, lahan berumput, lahan sawah, lahan pekarangan, dan lain sebagainya. Media resapan buatan dapat berupa sumur resapan air hujan (dangkal), sumur resapan air dalam, maupun genangan buatan seperti waduk, maupun situ buatan. Resapan air tanah ada yang porus, sangat permeabel, ada yang sulit meloloskan air, sehingga infiltrasi berjalan sangat lambat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 499, "width": 225, "height": 258, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk dapat mengetahui bahwa suatu wilayah merupakan wilayah resapan atau lepasan air tanah dapat diketahui antara lain dari tekuk lereng, pola aliran sungai, pemunculan amata air, kedalaman muka air tanh, dan isotop alam (Danaryanto dalam Kodoati, 2012). Dari sekian cara tersebut, maka menurut Danaryanto, penentuan batas daerah imbuhan atau resapan yang paling akurat adalah berdasarkan kedalaman muka air tanah. Menurut Freeze and Chery (Kodoati, 2012), berdasarkan kedudukan muka air tanah dan arah alirannya maka daerah imbuhan merupakan bagian cekungan yang dicirikan dengan aliran air tanah. Ciri yang dapat diamati adalah apabila sumur digali berakibat muka air tanah semakin dalam, berarti lokasi berfungsi sebagai peresap air hujan menjadi air tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaliknya apabila air tanah semakin tebal atau tinggi, berarti lokasi itu sebenarnya adalah wilayah lepasan (discharge).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 117, "width": 222, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas resapan air tanah dipengaruhi oleh kapasitas infiltrasi yang tinggi, dan jenis akuifer tidak tertekan (unconfined aquifer) sedalam 2 hingga 3 meter dari permukaan tanah. Dengan demikian apabila kedalaman muka air tanah lebih adari pada 3 meter, maka dapat dibuat resapan buatan (Imhoff, 1925 dan Riedell, 1934 dalam Kodoati, 2012)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 239, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resapan buatan bertujuan antara lain agar air tanah sebagai sumberdaya kehidupan tetap terjaga, menghambat penurunan permukaan air tanah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 285, "width": 225, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengurangi penurunan atau penenggelaman lahan. Berbagai metode pembuatan resapan buatan antara lain dengan pembuatan kubangan, ataupun cekungan (jawa: jogangan) di permukaan tanah, parit, sumur resapan, selokan, penggenangan, maupun pengairan/irigasi. Berbagai metode dengan berbagai formula pernah diterapkan di berbagai Negara di Los Angeles, Arizona Amerika Serikat, Israel, hingga Australia dan hasilnya sangat memuaskan (Todd dan Mays, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 453, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 469, "width": 222, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertambahan penduduk berdampak kebutuhan air semakin bertambah, baik untuk mencukupi kebutuhan air domestik, pertanian, maupun industri. Kebutuhan air dicukupi dengan air tanah. Penggunaan air tanah yang semakin bertambah, sedangkan peresapan air yang semakin berkurang berpengaruh terhadap berkurangnya cadangan volume air tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 591, "width": 225, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah resapan yang efektif dapat diketahui berdasarkan kontur airtanahnya. Kontur airtanah dapat menunjukkan wilayah permukaan airtanah cekung atau cembung. Wilayah cekung menunjukkan wilayah resapan, sedangkan wilayah cembung cenderung menjadi wilayah lepasan. Beberapa wilayah resapan sangat mungkin telah menjadi wilayah permukiman, sehingga dapat mengurangi jumlah air yang meresap ke dalam tubuh airtanah. Berkurangnya volume air yang meresap serta tingginya volume air yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 35, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 778, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "62 | Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dieksploitasi dapat berakibat menurunnya muka airtanah. Oleh karena itu agar permukaan air tanah tidak semakin menurun, maka harus ada usaha memasukkan air dengan melalui ruang-ruang resapan air alternatif yang sudah berubah fungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 228, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengantisipasi ketidakberfungsian wilayah resapan airtanah tersebut, perlu dibangun ruang resapan buatan. Ruang resapan alternatif dibuat dengan tujuan untuk konservasi air tanah serta untuk mengurangi besarnya genangan air atau larian air yang dapat mengakibatkan banjir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 225, "height": 211, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei. Sebagai sampel penelitian adalah sumur-sumur gali milik penduduk yang tersebar di sekitar wilayah permukiman dan sekitarnya. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak terbatas pada wilayah penelitian yang merupakan permukiman. Wilayah penelitian dibatasi di Kecamatan Ngaglik. Pemilihan wilayah tersebut dengan pertimbangan bahwa merupakan wilayah transisi Cekungan Air Tanah (CAT) Yogyakarta Sleman antara groundwater recharge area dengan groundwater discharge area, cepat pertumbuhan permukimannya, sebagian besar wilayahnya belum menjadi wilayah permukiman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 483, "width": 222, "height": 196, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan cara data primer yang berupa persentase penggunaan lahan dibandingkan dengan data penggunaan lahan sekitar 40 tahun lalu. Hasilnya berupa selisih luas lahan terbangun, sehingga ditemukan besar perubahan penggunaan lahan khususnya lahan peresapan air. Berikutnya adalah data kedalaman sumur yang dianggap sebagai representasi kedalaman airtanah. Berdasarkan data kedalaman airtanah di sejumlah titik kemudian dianalisis sebaran kedalaman airtanah. Sebaran airtanah digunakan untuk menentukan wilayah resapan atau luah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 696, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 711, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan Ngaglik merupakan bagian dari wilayah Kabupaten Sleman dan secara astronomis terletak diantara 107° 15' 03\" dan 107° 29' 30\" Bujur Timur, 7° 34' 51\" dan 7° 47' 30\" Lintang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 225, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selatan. Wilayah ini berada pada ketinggian antara 150 – 350 meter di atas permukaan air laut (dpal). Bagian utara berbatasan dengan Desa Umbulmartani Kecamatan Ngemplak dan Desa Harjobinangun Kecamatan Pakem, sebelah timur berbatasan dengan Desa Wedomartani Kecamatan Ngemplak, sebelah barat berbatasan Desa Pendowoharjo dan Tridadi Kecamatan Sleman, sebelah selatan berbatasan dengan Desa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 209, "width": 222, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sinduadi Kecamatan Mlati serta Desa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 224, "width": 151, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Condongcatur Kecamatan Depok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 239, "width": 225, "height": 166, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik merupakan bagian dari lereng Gunung Merapi dengan ketinggian antara ± 150-350 meter dari permukaan air laut (Sumber: Peta Lokasi RTRW Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2011-2013). Daerah penelitian berada pada kemiringan lereng 0-8%. Seluas 3.660 ha pada kelas kelerengan 0-2%, dan hanya seluas 192 ha pada kemiringan lereng 2- 15% (BPN, 2002). Hampir seluruh daerah penelitian merupakan wilayah bertopografi datar yaitu seluas 3.660 ha (95%) dari 3.852 ha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 423, "width": 173, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kondisi Topografis dan Geologis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 438, "width": 222, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan kondisi topografi yang sebagian besar datar, maka potensi air hujan yang dapat teresapkan ke dalam tanah juga besar. Pada lahan yang datar air menggenang sehingga mempunyai waktu cukup banyak untuk infiltrasi akibatnya air larian yang terjadi pada saat hujan tidak sebesar apabila wilayahnya curam atau dengan kemiringan besar. Lahan di daerah penelitian yang didominasi lahan datar mayoritas dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan sawah irigasi dan permukiman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 591, "width": 225, "height": 166, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Formasi geologis Kecamatan Ngaglik terletak pada formasi geologi endapan gunung api merapi muda (Young Volcanic Merapi). Jenis tanahnya termasuk jenis regosol muda yang bahan induknya berasal dari material vulkanis piroklastis. Disebutkan dalam Isa Darmawijaya (1990 ) bahwa tanah regosol muda merupakan jenis tanah muda dan belum mengalami diferensiasi horizon, mempunyai tekstur pasir, dan bahan induknya berasal dari material vulkanis yang terbawa oleh aliran sungai dan diendapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 35, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara, dkk | Geomedia Vol 16 No 2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 778, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian | 63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disekitar pantai. Tanah regosol muda bertekstur pasir mempunyai porositas yang besar sehingga kemampuan meresapkan air cukup besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 132, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kondisi hidrologis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 148, "width": 225, "height": 288, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik dilalui beberapa sungai antara lain Sungai Boyong, Sungai Kalikuning, dan Sungai Klanduhan. Sungai Klanduhan juga dibeberapa penetian tertulis Kladuan. Kondisi air tanah di daerah penelitian relatif memiliki akuifer bebas (unconfined aquifer) dengan rerata kedalaman air tanah relatif dangkal. Akuifer air tanah di daerah penelitian mempunyai permeabilitas tinggi dengan kedalaman sumur yang bervariasi antara 0,5 meter sampai 16 meter pada musim kemarau sekitar bulan September. Untuk bulan Oktober hingga November beberapa permukaan air tanah ada yang mencapai 20 meter, tetapi pada bulan Januari hingga April kedalamannya 9 meter. Kondisi itu diperoleh di wilayah Desa Sukoharjo bagian utara. Masyarakat memanfaatkan sumur air tanah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, bahkan untuk keperluan industri rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 438, "width": 222, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik merupakan daerah Cekungan Air Tanah (CAT) Yogyakarta- Sleman. Cekungan Air Tanah Yogyakarta-Sleman mencakup hampir sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Sleman, kota Yogyakarta hingga sebagian Kabupaten Bantul. Masyarakat di Kecamatan Ngaglik memanfaatkan Sungai Boyong, Sungai Kalikuning, dan Sungai Klanduan untuk memenuhi irigasi lahan pertaniannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 576, "width": 5, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 591, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kondisi Iklim", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Temperatur udara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 225, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temperatur udara dihitung dengan formula Braak yang mengacu pada ketiggian tempat suatu daerah, yaitu semakin tinggi tempat maka semakin rendah suhu udara (Ance Gunarsih Kartasaputra, 2006). Ketinggian tempat daerah penelitian dengan ketinggian maksimun 350 mdpl dan ketinggian minimum 150 mdpl sehingga temperatur udara dihitung dengan rumus Braak yang telah direvisi suhu udara rerata di permukaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "air lautnya (Suhadi Purwantara, 2011) yaitu T=(28,5 - 0,61.H) °C. T adalah rata-rata temperatur 28,5° : adalah rata-rata suhu daerah tropis, 0,61° adalah konstanta temperatur (penurunan temperatur tiap naik 100 meter), H adalah ketinggian tempat dalam meter. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh maka kondisi suhu di Kecamatan Ngaglik pada tempat tertinggi (350 m), T = {28,5° - (0,61°.H/100)}C = 26,4°C, pada tempat terendah (150 m), T={28,5°–(0,61°.H/100)}.C=27,6°C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 224, "width": 222, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan rumus Braak, maka daerah penelitian memiliki temperatur rerata berkisar antara 26,4°C sampai 27,6°C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 270, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Curah hujan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 285, "width": 222, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tipe hujan menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson yang didasarkan pada nilai Q diperoleh dari pembagian rata-rata bulan kering dan rata-rata bulan basah. Penentuan bulan basah dan bulan kering yang digunakan Schmidt dan Ferguson mengacu pada klasifikasi menurut Mohr, yakni bulan basah : bulan yang curah hujannya >100 mm, bulan Kering : bulan yang curah hujannya kurang dari <60 mm, dan bulan Lembab : bulan yang curah hujannya antara 60-100 mm (Ance Gunarsih Kartasaputra, 2006). Berdasarkan data, maka nilai Q wilayah penelitian seperti berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 469, "width": 178, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Q= 𝒋𝒖𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒏 𝒌𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒋𝒖𝒎𝒍𝒂𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒂 𝒃𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒂𝒉 = 𝟒,𝟔𝟗 𝟔,𝟑𝟖 = 𝟕, 𝟑𝟓", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 490, "width": 222, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada penentuan tipe iklim berdasar curah hujan maka wilayah penelitian termasuk bertipe sangat basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 551, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kependudukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 566, "width": 225, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan Ngaglik terdiri dari 6 desa, yaitu Desa Donoharjo, Desa Sardonoharjo, Desa Sukoharjo, Desa Sinduharjo, Desa Sariharjo, dan Desa Minomartani. Jumlah penduduk di Kecamatan Ngaglik sebesar 83.825 jiwa pada tahun 2011, meningkat 16.459 orang dari tahun 2001 yang hanya 67.366 jiwa. Peningkatan pertumbuhan penduduk di atas pertumbuhan penduduk nasional 1,5. Pertambahan jumlah penduduk sebesar 16.459 dari 67.366 jiwa itu berarti ada pertambahan hampir 25% dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun. Besar pertambahan penduduk juga berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan jumlah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 35, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 778, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "64 | Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 166, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepala keluarga. Jumlah kepala keluarga berkembang dari yang semula 17.173 KK, pada tahun 2011 menjadi 26.511 KK sehingga ada pertambahan sebanyak 9.338 KK atau 54,37%. Berdasarkan jumlah pertambahan KK dapat diperkirakan ada pertambahan jumlah rumah yang sangat signifikan. Pertambahan paling tinggi terjadi di Desa Sinduharjo, Sariharjo, dan Sukoharjo, masing-masing 77%, 75%, dan 64%. Pertambahan paling rendah di Desa Minomartani yang hanya 15,70%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Penggunaan Lahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 270, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Ngaglik terdiri dari penggunaan lahan pertanian dan lahan nonpertanian. Dengan luas total Kecamatan Ngaglik seluas 3.852 ha, penggunaan lahan pertanian sebesar 2.446 ha dan penggunaan lahan nonpertanian sebesar 1402 ha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 362, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Lahan pertanian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan lahan pertanian di daerah penelitian berupa sawah yang menggunakan sistem teknis, setengah teknis, dan sederhana. Lahan pertanian di daerah penelitian pada tahun 2001 seluas 2.866 ha, dan pada tahun 2011 seluas 2.446 ha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 469, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Lahan nonpertanian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 484, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan lahan nonpertanian di daerah penelian antara lain permukiman, dan semak belukar, dan lain-lain. Lahan permukiman terdiri dari rumah termasuk yang dipakai untuk rumah atau bangunan serta halaman pekaraangaan yaang ada di sekitarnya. Luas lahan untuk permukiman di Kecamataan Ngaglik meliputi 935 ha pada tahun 2001, dan bertambah luas pada tahun 2011 hingga 1395 ha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semak belukar mencapai 7,1 ha pada tahun 2011, dari luas 10 tahun sebelumnya 47,4 ha, sehingga ada penyusutan seluas 40,3 ha. Lahan lainnya adalah untuk fasilitas umum, perairan, sungai, selokan, embung, jalur hijau. Penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Ngaglik pada Tahun 2001- 2011 meliputi permukiman, pekarangan, sawah, tegalan dan lain-lain. Penggunaan lahan tersebut tersebar di keseluruhan desa di kecamatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Kedalaman air tanah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 86, "width": 222, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran langsung selama bulan Agustus September 2014, Muka Air Tanah (MAT) memiliki kedalaman yang bervariasi dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lain. Lokasi kedalaman sumur diambil secara purposive sampling, yaitu menyesuaikan dengan permukiman penduduk yang biasanya memiliki sumur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 193, "width": 225, "height": 212, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah sampel kedalaman sumur Desa Donoharjo diperoleh 10 sumur, dengan kedalaman bervariasi (Tabel 1). Wilayah Donoharjo terletak di Kecamatan Ngaglik bagian barat laut, dengan ketinggian permukaan tanah bervariasi dari yang paling rendah 266 meter hingga paling tinggi 347 meter. Di wilayah itu kedalaman sumur mayoritas di bawah 3,5 meter, yaitu dua sumur dengan kedalaman 3,1 meter dan 3,2 meter, tiga sumur dengan kedalaman 2,1 meter, 2,2 meter, dan 2,05 meter, bahkan ada dua sumur dengan kedalaman di bawah 2 meter, yaitu 1,1 meter dan 1,2 meter. Secara umum dapat diklasifikasikan Desa Donoharjo merupakan wilayah lepasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 408, "width": 206, "height": 192, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kedalaman sumur Desa Donoharjo Sumur Desa Tinggi tempat Kedalaman MAT 1 Donoharjo 339 1,1 2 347 2,1 3 346 3,1 4 335 1,2 5 304 8,4 6 313 6,2 7 313 5,5 8 278 3,2 9 266 2,2 10 280 2,05 Sumber: data primer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 617, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah sampel kedalaman sumur Desa Sariharjo diperoleh 8 sumur, dengan kedalaman bervariasi (Tabel 2). Wilayah Sariharjo terletak di Kecamatan Ngaglik bagian barat daya, dengan ketinggian permukaan tanah bervariasi dari yang paling rendah 162 meter hingga paling tinggi 282 meter. Di wilayah itu kedalaman sumur mayoritas di bawah 3,5 meter, yaitu dua sumur dengan kedalaman 2, 1 meter dan 2,0 meter, tiga sumur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 35, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara, dkk | Geomedia Vol 16 No 2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 778, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian | 65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan kedalaman kurang dari 2 meter, yaitu 1,7, 1,2, dan 0,7 meter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 202, "height": 164, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Kedalaman sumur Desa Sariharjo Sumur Desa Tinggi tempat Kedalaman MAT 1 Sariharjo 249 6,85 2 253 4,95 3 253 1,7 4 227 0,7 5 226 1,2 6 226 2,1 7 214 2,04 8 223 4,1 Sumber: data primer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 230, "height": 196, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Desa Sukoharjo, jumlah sampel kedalaman sumur diperoleh 7 sumur, dengan kedalaman bervariasi (Tabel 3). Wilayah Desa Sukoharjo terletak di Kecamatan Ngaglik bagian timur laut, dengan ketinggian permukaan tanah bervariasi dari yang paling rendah 230 meter hingga paling tinggi 355 meter. Di wilayah itu kedalaman sumur mayoritas di bawah 3,5 meter, yaitu dua sumur dengan kedalaman 2,5 meter dan selebihnya memiliki kedalaman 5,25 meter hingga 16 meter. Sumur paling dangkal terletak di bagian selatan Desa Sukoharjo berbatasan dengan Desa Wedomartani Kecamatan Ngemplak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 478, "width": 222, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Kedalaman sumur Desa Sukoharjo Sumur Desa Tinggi tempat Kedalaman MAT 1 Sukoharjo 317 9,3 2 321 9,7 3 308 5,25 4 326 16 5 329 16 6 316 6,4 7 230 2,5 Sumber: data primer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 227, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah sampel kedalaman sumur paling banyak diperoleh di Desa Sinduharjo, sebanyak 14 sumur, dengan kedalaman bervariasi. Wilayah Desa Sinduharjo Kecamatan Ngaglik terletak di bagian selatan Kecamatan Ngaglik bersama Desa Minomartani di sebelah timur, dan Desa Sariharjo di sebelah barat. Ketinggian permukaan tanah bervariasi dari yang paling rendah 185 meter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 293, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hingga paling tinggi 275 meter. Di wilayah itu kedalaman sumur di bawah 3,5 meter ada tujuh sumur, dan di atas 3,5 meter juga tujuh sumur. Tabel 4. Kedalaman sumur di Desa Sinduharjo Sumur Desa Tinggi tempat Kedalaman MAT 1 Sinduharjo 233 2,75 2 226 2,5 3 206 3,1 4 191 2,6 5 235 2,5 6 191 10 7 197 9,3 8 200 7,8 9 210 4,6 10 218 7,9 11 228 7,5 12 247 4,1 13 246 4,8 14 240 4,1 Sumber: data primer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 378, "width": 227, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecenderungan semakin ke arah selatan semakin dalam. Lokasi sumur yang dalam antara lain di wilayah permukiman padat, yaitu di Sekitar Perumahan Dayu, dan Perumahan Banteng.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 439, "width": 222, "height": 219, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Kedalaman sumur di Desa Sardonoharjo Sumur Desa Tinggi tempat Kedalaman MAT 1 Sardonoharjo 278 3,2 2 266 2,2 3 300 5,7 4 286 2,4 5 275 2,6 6 247 3,5 7 215 1,6 8 229 2,2 9 235 2,9 10 235 0,32 11 317 9,3 12 300 5,7 Sumber: data primer", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 672, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada 10 sampel yang ada di Desa Sardonoharjo, ada satu sumur memiliki kedalaman paling dalam, yaitu 9,3 meter terletak di bagian utara pada ketinggian 317 meter dpal, satu sumur dengan kedalaman 5,7 meter pada ketinggian 300 meter dpal, sedangkan selebihnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 35, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 778, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "66 | Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merupakan sumur dangkal dengan kedalaman kurang dari 3 meter, bahkan kurang dari 1 meter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 116, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 129, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kondisi fisik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik yang memiliki ketinggian antara 160 meter hingga 380 meter merupakan wilayah dengan topografi relatif landai. Kemiringan wilayah rerata kurang dari 8%. Kondisi geologis terletak pada formasi geologi endapan gunung api Merapi muda (Young Volcanic Merapi). Jenis tanahnya termasuk jenis regosol yang bahan induknya berasal dari material vulkanis piroklastis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 222, "height": 181, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan topografis dan geologis, dapat disimpulkan bahwa wilayah ini relatif baik untuk pengembangan permukiman. Wilayah ini juga baik untuk tetap dipertahankan sebagai lahan pertanian, dengan adanya tanah regosol. Hal itu didukung dengan banyaknya sungai yang memiliki aliran air menahun, hingga mempermudah petani mengairi sawah. Hal yang mendukung adalah banyak bagian wilayah ini memiliki air tanah bebas (unconfined aquifer) yang tidak terlalu dalam. Hal itu membuat tanah terkontrol kelembabannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 464, "width": 222, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan iklim juga sangat mendukung. Wilayah penelitian memiliki iklim dengan nilai Q menurut Schmidt dan Ferguson, sangat basah, karena nilainya 7,35. Untuk itu pertanian sawah sangat cocok dipertahankan di wilayah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 540, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kondisi sosial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 555, "width": 222, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingginya angka pertambahan penduduk dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun, dari tahun 2001 hingga 2011 berakibat pada penambahan jumlah Kepala Keluarga (KK). Jumlah penduduk 2001 meningkat sebesar 16.459 jiwa, dari 67.366 jiwa pada tahun 2001 menjadi 83.825 jiwa pada tahun 2011. Jumlah KK yang semula hanya 17.173 menjadi 26.511 KK. Berarti ada penambahan 9.338 atau sebesar 54%. Jumlah pertambahan KK sebesar 54% seirama dengan penambahan luas permukiman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 724, "width": 222, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingginya angka pertumbuhan penduduk, bahkan jumlah KK yang membengkak hingga 54% dalam 10 tahun, termasuk sangat besar. Tingginya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jumlah KK sebenarnya dipicu oleh jumlah pendatang, imigran yang masuk ke wilayah itu dalam satu dekade terakhir, sehingga banyak pemukim baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 132, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Luas permukiman dalam 10 tahun bertambah dari 935 ha pada 2001 menjadi 1395 ha pada tahun 2011, yaitu 460 ha. Lahan yang berubah mayoritas berupa lahan perkebunan, atau pertanian lahan kering dengan penyusutan jumlah lahan perkebunan dari 434 ha menjadi 113 ha. Demikian pula luas tegalan juga menyusut. Untuk persawahan hanya sedikit mengalami penyusutan, yaitu 4%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 270, "width": 222, "height": 196, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pesatnya perkembangan permukiman dipicu oleh keberadaan beberapa kampus dan institusi pendidikan yang berkembang sebelum tahun 2000an. Contohnya lembaga besar seperti UII yang membangun kampus terpadu berdekatan dengan Kecamatan Ngaglik di bagian utara, atau adanya Akademi Perawatan Pantirapih, Sentra Pendidikan BRI, PPPG Kesenian juga menyumbang semakin padatnya perkembangan permukiman, baik untuk usaha persewaan kost, maupun usaha kuliner. Jumlah mahasiswa hingga ribuan itulah yang memicu cepatnya pengembangan permukiman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 469, "width": 222, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di bagian tengah dan selatan juga berkembang perumahan-perumahan seperti Merapi View, Dayu Permai, Minomartani, serta wilayah kompleks Hotel Hyat dan kompleks perumahan di seputarnya. Tingginya tingkat pertumbuhan permukiman dapat berakibat pada hilangnya ruang resapan, yang akan membahayakan terhadap konservasi air tanah, maupun banjir bandang, serta semakin dalamnya muka air tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 622, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kondisi air tanah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 637, "width": 222, "height": 120, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedalaman muka air tanah di Kecamatan Ngaglik sangat bervariasi antara satu wilayah dengan lainnya. Tingginya variasi karena wilayah penelitian termasuk wilayah transisi. Sebagiaan merupakan wilayah luah atau lepasan, dan lainnya merupakan wilayah imbuhan, resapan atau recharge area. Secara teori, wilayah di atas tekuk lereng merupakan wilayah resapan atau imbuhan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 35, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara, dkk | Geomedia Vol 16 No 2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 778, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian | 67", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 212, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sedangkan wilayah bawah tekuk lereng yang relatif datar adalah wilayah lepasan atau discharge area. Jadi menurut teori mestinya wilayah Sukoharjo, Ngaglik bagian utara merupakan wilayah lepasan. Kenyataannya air tanahnya relatif dalam. Demikian pula Desa Sardonoharjo bagian utara yang ada di sebelah baratnya, kenyataannya air tanahnya relatif dalam (9 meter). Hal itu bertolak belakang dengan wilayah Desa Sinduharjo yang memiliki rerata kedalaman muka air tanah relatif dangkal, kecuali di beberapa wilayah padat permukiman seperti Perumahan Banteng I, Perumahan Dayu Permai, Perumahan Merapi View dengan kedalaman rerata 8 meter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 285, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kondisi resapan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 301, "width": 225, "height": 227, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data kedalaman air sumur yang merupakan representasi kedalaman muka air tanah, maka ada penguatan penelitian-penelitian umum di Kabupaten Sleman sebelumnya, bahwa wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik yang merupakan bagian dari Kabupaten Sleman merupakan wilayah transisi, yaitu berupa resapan atau imbuhan dan juga lepasan. Dengan mengacu pada pendapat Freeze and Chery, 1979; Imhoff, 1925 dan Riedell, 1934, bahwa wilayah imbuhan dapat dilihat kedalaman air tanahnya, serta kedalaman efektif air tanah sekitar 3 meter, maka sebagian wilayah Kecamatan Ngaglik masih efektif dapat berfungsi sebagai resapan air. Wilayah-wilayah itu adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 530, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1). Wilayah Donoharjo hanya sebagian kecil dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai resapan karena kedalaman rerata air tanahnya sangat dangkal, kurang dari 2 meter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 591, "width": 222, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2). Wilayah Sardonoharjo bagian timur laut muka air tanahnya dalam hingga lebih dari 9 meter, untuk kepentingan pengembangan resapan buatan, sangat efektif. Di bagian tengah dan selatan relatif dangkal, sehingga berfungsi sebagai lepasan, dengan demikian kurang efektif bila dibuat sumur resapan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 222, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(3). Wilayah Desa Sariharjo rata-rata dangkal sekitar 1 hingga 3 meter, terkecuali satu lokasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 319, "top": 71, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan kedalaman lebih dari 4 meter ada pada bagian utara berdekatan dengan Donoharjo. Secara umum di desa sariharjo kurang efektif bila diperuntukkan sebagai wilayah resapan air.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 132, "width": 222, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(4). Di wilayah Desa Sukoharjo sebagian besar sumur yang diambil sebagai sampel merupakan sumur dengan kedalaman paling dalam diantara desa lain. Beberapa sumur pada kedalam 14 meter hingga September telah tidak berair, sedangkan sumur yang masih ada dengan kedalaman 16 meter di Dusun Besi. Hanya ada satu sumur dengan kedalaman 2,5 meter di lokasi desa paling selatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 270, "width": 222, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(5). Di wilayah Sinduharjo, lokasi sumur yang relatif dangkal terutama di wilayah yang belum berkembang di bagian utara, sedangkan di wilayah padat permukiman beberapa sumur relatif dalam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 346, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Wilayah konservasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 362, "width": 222, "height": 166, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di wilayah penelitian, berdasarkan analisis peta sebaran wilayah resapan dan permukiman, maka dapat ditentukan wulayah konservasinya. Wilayah konservasi Kecamatan ngaglik yang paling efektif sebagai wilayah resapan air terletak di Desa Sukoharjo. Desa Sukoharjo terletak paling utara dari Kecamatan Ngaglik. Kebijakan pembangunan resapan sebaiknya disesuaikan dengan wilayah resapan atau imbuhan, yaitu wilayah yang memiliki kedalaman air tanah lebih dari 3,5 meter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 530, "width": 222, "height": 197, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resapan buatan dapat dibangun di wilayah Sukoharjo bagian utara berbatasan dengan wilayah Kecamatan Ngemplak dan Pakem. Resapan buatan tidak hanya berupa sumur resapan di wilayah itu tetapi lebih bermanfaat apabila berupa bangunan bendung di beberapa sungai yang bersifat ephimeral yang hanya ada aliran bila hujan, atau sungai episodik yang hanya ada alirannya ketika musim penghujan. Beberapa sungai yang layak dijadikan resapan buatan adalah kali-kali kecil yang ada di sekitar kampus UII, Perumahan Perwita Wisata, dan Perumahan Sukoharjo Indah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 35, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konservasi Sumberdaya Air Tanah di Wilayah Ngaglik Sleman", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 778, "width": 264, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "68 | Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 619, "width": 258, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Peta Kedalaman air sumur Kecamatan Ngaglik", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 659, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 673, "width": 222, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi wilayah penelitian dan pembahasan masalah perubahan penggunaan lahan, terutama perkembangan permukiman, serta kedalaman muka air tanah, maka perkembangan penduduk di Kecamatan Ngaglik cukup tinggi, dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 645, "width": 222, "height": 120, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bertambah 24%. Pertambahan penduduk juga diikuti pada pertambahan KK yang bertambah hingga 54%. Pertambahan KK berpengaruh terhadap pertambahan permukiman. Luas permukiman bertambah pesat menjadi 1395 ha, jadi ada pertambahan 460 ha lahan permukiman, dari tahun 2001 hanya 935 ha. Perluasan lahan permukiman berdampak pada berkurangnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 35, "width": 244, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhadi Purwantara, dkk | Geomedia Vol 16 No 2 Tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 778, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geomedia : Majalah Ilmiah dan Informasi Kegeografian | 69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lahan peresapan air hujan menjadi air tanah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 86, "width": 222, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berkurangnya lahan peresapan berakibat berkurangnya volume air tanah, sehingga beberapa wilayah telah mengalami kekeringan lebih awal, terutama di wilayah padat permukiman di wilayah perkotaan dan pinggiran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 163, "width": 223, "height": 89, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah resapan yang mayoritas di Sukoharjo dan Sardonoharjo telah mulai berubah penggunaan lahannya menjadi permukiman, sehingga wilayah resapan airnya menjadi berkurang. Fungsi konservasi di wilayah tersebut menjadi terancam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 222, "height": 319, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk itu disarankan hendaknya pemerintah daerah dapat betul-betul mengendalikan lahan sawah produktif menjadi lahan permukiman untuk menangkal hilangnya sawah produktif yang mulai sudah berkurang luasnya. Pemerintah bersama- sama masyarakat harus segera menyikapi tentang pentingnya pembangunan resapan air, baik berupa sumur resapan air hujan maupun bendungan di kali ephimeral maupun episodik. Pengambilan air tanah oleh beberapa perusahaan seperti perhotelan, industri, pertokoan, harus diawasi dengan ketat sehingga jangan sampai mengambil air tanah bebas (unconfined aquifer) yang jelas akan merugikan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Resapan buatan hendaknya dirancang di wilayah yang memiliki daya serap tinggi, sehingga efektivitas peresapan air hujan menjadi air tanah tinggi. Untuk penelitian lebih rinci perlu menggunakan analisis isotop untuk mengetahui aliran air tanah dalam rangka menentukan wilayah resapan atau lepasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 590, "width": 47, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 222, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ance Gunarsih Kartasaputra, 2006. Klimatologi: Pengaruh iklim. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 651, "width": 222, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chay Asdak, 2007. Hidrologi dan Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. Yogyakarta:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 682, "width": 222, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gadjah Mada University Press. Dwi Dinariana, 2011. Model Pengelolaan Ruang Te rbuka Hijau Sebagai Daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 728, "width": 222, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resapan Di Wilayah DKI Jakarta\" Bogor Disertasi.IPB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harian seputar Indonesia, 28 September 2012. Masyarakat Kota Yogyakarta terancam mengalami krisis air bersih akibat musim kemarau berkepanjangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 132, "width": 222, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Herman Bouwer. Artificial recharge of groundwater: hydrogeology and engineering . 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Groundwater Hydrology.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 117, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Toronto: John Willey and Son", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 456, "height": 90, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Todd, David Keith, and Mays, 2005. Groundwater Hydrology. USA: John Willey and Son. Potret Hutan Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2007. Balai Pemantapan Kawasan Hutan Wilayah Xi Jawa-Madura", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 132, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun 2007.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 510, "top": 782, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 154, "top": 71, "width": 288, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terbit online pada laman web jurnal http://ejournal2.pnp.ac.id/index.php/jtm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 109, "width": 281, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J URNAL T eknik M esin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 188, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 - 117 ISSN Media Elektronik: 2655-5670", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 221, "width": 325, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerapan Quality Control pada Souvenir Logo PNP dengan Metode Box Plot dan Six Sigma", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 262, "width": 227, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5 1,2,3,4,5 Teknik Mesin, Politeknik Negeri Padang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 286, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 311, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 456, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The quality of a product determines the level of market demand. This paper discusses the determination of the quality level of plastic molding with the sigma level method which uses the Box Plot to determine the desired quality limit. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of quality of product using statistics. The object of this research is to determine the weight variation of the souvenir of PNP logo with a weight indicator. The experiment were carried out on 200 samples taken at random.Then each sample is numbered from 1 to 200. Each sample is weighed carefully. The results obtained were processed using a box plot to obtain the numbered of rejected samples from 200 samples that were weighed. The result of data processing obtained 19 reject products from 200 products tested. From this data there are 9.5% of products that do not meet the desired specifications. Furthermore, the sigma level is determined from the results of data processing using a box plot. DPMO of 9.5% is 95000 Defects per Million Opportunities. The result of determining the sigma level is 2.8 Sigma.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 427, "width": 282, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Six Sigma, Box Plot, Quality Control, Injection Molding, Statistic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 450, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 467, "width": 456, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu dari suatu produk menentukan tingkat permintaan pasar. Tulisan ini membahas penentuan tingkat mutu dari hasil cetakan plastik dengan metoda sigma level yang mempergunakan Box Plot untuk penentuan batas mutu yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan tingkat mutu dari suatu produk mempergunakan ilmu statistik.. Objek dari penelitian ini adalah penentuan variasi berat dari souvenir Logo PNP dengan indikator berat. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 200 sampel yang diambil secara acak. Kemudian setiap sampel diberi nomor dari 1 sampai dengan 200. Setiap sampel ditimbang beratnya dengan teliti. Hasil yang didapatkan diolah menggunakan box plot untuk mendapatkan jumlah sampel yang reject dari 200 sampel yang ditimbang. Hasil dari pengolahan data didapatkan 19 produk reject dari 200 produk yang diuji. Dari data tersebut terdapat 9.5 % produk tidak memenuhi spesifikasi yang diinginkan. Selanjutnya ditentukan sigma level dari hasil pengolahan data mempergunakan box plot. DPMO dari 9.5% adalah 95000 Defect per Milion Opportunities . Hasil dari penentuan sigmal level adalah 2.8 Sigma.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 577, "width": 286, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Six Sigma, Box Plot , Pengendalian Mutu, Cetakan Plastik, Statistik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 618, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 221, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada prinsipnya pelanggan akan senang jika mereka menerima pesanan sesuai dengan yang mereka harapkan [1]. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka proses manufaktur harus memperhatikan keinginan pelanggan. Ada beberapa cara untuk menentukan produk tersebut bermutu atau tidak. Penentuan mutu produk dapat ditentukan berdasarkan kenormalan distribusi variasi dari produk tersebut [2]. Atau dapat juga berdasarkan permintaan langsung dari pelanggan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan pada saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 618, "width": 221, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipergunakan six sigma untuk peningkatan mutu secara berkelanjutan [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 647, "width": 223, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persaingan industri yang ketat menuntut peruasahaan memberikan sesuatu yang terbaik untuk pelanggan [4]. Dengan demikian tingkat persaingan pasar mengarahkan untuk terjadi perbaikan terus menerus sehingga terjadi perbaikan mutu. Six Sigma metodologi fokus pada mutu yang diharapkan pelanggan dengan cara pengurangan kesalahan dan memperkecil variasi sampai mendapatkan target 3.4 kesalahan dalam sejuta kemungkinan kesalahan [5]. Sehingga perbaikan mutu menjadi kebutuhan pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 34, "width": 377, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 49, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 – 117", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 510, "top": 783, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "113", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saat ini. Pada penelitian kali ini sampel diambil dari hasil penelitian [6] yang sudah dilakukan pada tahun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020. Penelitian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 221, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut dilaksanakan di Laboratorium teknologi mekanik dan bengkel manufaktur. Hasil praktek berupa Souvenir berbentuk Logo Politeknik Negeri Padang yang akan dijadikan cinderamata kampus untuk tamu yang datang mengunjungi PNP. Pada saat ini hasilnya sudah ada tetapi belum diadakan pengujian terhadap hasil produksi tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 198, "width": 221, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Injection moulding telah menjadi proses manufaktur yang sangat penting pada saat ini , karena kebanyakan produk manufaktur beralih ke bahan non logam. Plastik sebagai bahan yang dipakai pada proses injection moulding mempunyai salah satu kelebihan adalah lebih tahan korosi dibandingkan logam sebagai bahan produksi. Peralatan sehari-hari yang sering dipakai pada umumnya sudah terbuat dari plastik (laptop, mouse, handphone, souvenir , botol minuman , dll)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 319, "width": 221, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas maka pemilihan object penelitian pada souvenir Logo Politeknik yang terbuat dari plastik sudah sangat sesuai dengan perkembangan pemilihan bahan pada produk yang sering dipakai setiap hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 388, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 221, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel diambil secara acak sebanyak 200 sampel. Sebelum data diambil seluruh sampel diberi nomor 1 sampai dengan 200. Kemudian sampel ditimbang mempergunakan timbangan dengan ketelitian 0.01 gram. Setelah data diambil didapatkan berat maksimal sampel adalah 7.15 gram dan berat minimal sampel adalah 5.28 gram. Kemudian data diurutkan dari yang terberat sampai dengan yang paling ringan. Setelah data diurutkan ditentukan Q1(6.15) yaitu batas 25% terendah dari data dan Q3 (6.49) batas 25% data tertinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 221, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berat merupakan salah satu dimensi yang harus diperhatikan dalam suatu penelitian karena berhubungan dengan volume, jenis bahan, ketebalan dan berat jenis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengambil satu variable yaitu berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 96, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hasil Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 625, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Pengambilan Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 643, "width": 221, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data diambil sebayak 2 kali, jika terjadi penyimpangan antara pengukuran pertama dengan kedua maka dilaksanakan pengambilan data yang ke tiga untuk memverivikasi pengambilan 2 data sebelumnya. Pengambilan data harus akurat untuk memastikan kebenaran dari pengambilan data tersebut. Jika pengambilan data salah maka hasil penelitian akan menjadi salah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 76, "width": 219, "height": 636, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Berdasarkan urutan pengambilan data dari nomor 1 sampai dengan 200. 5.89 6.26 6.43 6.77 6.15 6.71 5.51 6.42 6.4 6.41 6.42 6.71 6.64 6.71 6.29 6.54 6.59 6.77 6.16 6.66 6.27 6.1 6.26 6.82 6.55 6.44 5.57 6.16 6.3 6.21 6.6 6.37 5.7 6.24 6.39 6.36 6.17 6.72 6.27 6.34 6.7 6.38 5.68 6.25 6.43 6.29 6.3 6.26 6.6 6.15 6.34 6.86 6.14 6.32 6.29 6.22 6.34 6.49 6.64 6.51 6.68 6.32 6.12 6.65 6.26 6.32 6.33 5.76 6.27 6.7 6.41 6.24 6.3 6.69 6.25 6.37 6.17 6.43 6.47 6.3 6.66 6.61 5.98 6.38 6.37 6.94 6.91 6.35 6.44 6.18 6.38 6.11 6.39 5.5 6.72 6.67 6.7 5.28 6.46 6.74 6.42 6.43 6.35 5.59 6.43 6.33 6.5 6.3 6.49 6.56 6.13 5.67 6.35 6.56 6.55 6.26 6.4 6.05 6.19 6.3 5.75 6.52 6.41 5.95 6.85 6.35 6.39 5.85 6.43 6.63 5.8 5.72 6.37 6.31 6.31 6.49 5.62 6.39 5.47 6.92 6.49 6.39 6.25 6.16 6.01 6.35 6.51 5.49 6.32 5.95 6.87 6.09 6.8 6.04 6.39 6.46 6.84 6.31 5.56 6.45 6.67 6.47 5.44 5.68 5.56 5.61 6.28 5.38 6.23 6.48 6.04 7.15 6.97 6.42 5.94 5.52 5.65 6.23 6.19 5.76 6.32 6.52 6.74 5.53 5.96 6.23 6.85 6.49 5.41 6.29 6.25 5.88 5.64 6.32 5.95 6.31 5.74 5.54 5.47 6.35", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 34, "width": 377, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 49, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 – 117", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 510, "top": 783, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 77, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 94, "width": 197, "height": 636, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Data yang diurutkan dari yang terbesar sampai yang terkecil. 7.15 6.97 6.94 6.92 6.91 6.87 6.86 6.85 6.85 6.84 6.82 6.8 6.77 6.77 6.74 6.74 6.72 6.72 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.69 6.68 6.67 6.67 6.66 6.66 6.65 6.64 6.64 6.63 6.61 6.6 6.6 6.59 6.56 6.56 6.55 6.55 6.54 6.52 6.52 6.51 6.51 6.5 6.49 6.49 6.49 6.49 6.49 6.48 6.47 6.47 6.46 6.46 6.45 6.44 6.44 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.42 6.42 6.42 6.42 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.4 6.4 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.37 6.37 6.37 6.37 6.36 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.33 6.33 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.31 6.31 6.31 6.31 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.28 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.24 6.24 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.22 6.21 6.19 6.19 6.18 6.17 6.17 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.15 6.15 6.14 6.13 6.12 6.11 6.1 6.09 6.05 6.04 6.04 6.01 5.98 5.96 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.94 5.89 5.88 5.85 5.8 5.76 5.76 5.75 5.74 5.72 5.7 5.68 5.68 5.67 5.65 5.64 5.62 5.61 5.59 5.57 5.56 5.56 5.54 5.53 5.52 5.51 5.5 5.49 5.47 5.47 5.44 5.41 5.38 5.28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 739, "width": 221, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data dibagi menjadi 3 bagian data 1 pada Tabel 3, data 2 pada Tabel 4 dan data 3 pada Tabel 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 338, "top": 76, "width": 156, "height": 657, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. 25% data yang terbesar 7.15 6.97 6.94 6.92 6.91 6.87 6.86 6.85 6.85 6.84 6.82 6.8 6.77 6.77 6.74 6.74 6.72 6.72 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.69 6.68 6.67 6.67 6.66 6.66 6.65 6.64 6.64 6.63 6.61 6.6 6.6 6.59 6.56 6.56 6.55 6.55 6.54 6.52 6.52 6.51 6.51 6.5 6.49 6.49 Tabel 4. 50% data ditengah 6.49 6.49 6.49 6.48 6.47 6.47 6.46 6.46 6.45 6.44 6.44 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.43 6.42 6.42 6.42 6.42 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.4 6.4 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.39 6.38 6.38 6.38 6.37 6.37 6.37 6.37 6.36 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.35 6.34 6.34 6.34 6.33 6.33 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.32 6.31 6.31 6.31 6.31 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.29 6.28 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.26 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.24 6.24 6.23 6.23 6.23 6.22 6.21 6.19 6.19 6.18 6.17 6.17 6.16 6.16 6.16 6.15 Tabel 5. 25% data yang terkecil 6.15 6.14 6.13 6.12 6.11 6.1 6.09 6.05 6.04 6.04 6.01 5.98 5.96 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.94 5.89 5.88 5.85 5.8 5.76 5.76 5.75 5.74 5.72 5.7 5.68 5.68 5.67 5.65 5.64 5.62 5.61 5.59 5.57 5.56 5.56 5.54 5.53 5.52 5.51 5.5 5.49 5.47 5.47 5.44 5.41 5.38 5.28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 744, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang sudah ada diolah menggunakan Box Plot untuk menentukan tingkat kepresisian dari data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 34, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5 Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 – 117", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 783, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "115", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 221, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tersebut. Batas data 25% terbesar dengan data 50% di tengah disebut Q3 (Q3 = 6.49). Batas data 25% terkecil dengan data 50% di tengah disebut Q1 (Q1 = 6.15)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 148, "top": 277, "width": 66, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Box Plot", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 292, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengolahan data mempergunakan Box Plot didapatkan Q1 = 6.15 dan Q3 = 6.49. Maka IQR = 6.49 – 6.15 = 0.34.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 333, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan data Outliers (data yang tidak normar dengan menggunakan Box Plot)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 362, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Data minimum yang dapat diterima berdasarkan teori Box Plot adalah Q1 – 1.5 IQR = 6.15 – 1.5*0.34 = 6.15 – 0.51 = 5.64. Dari tabel di bawah terlihat ada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 396, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 data outliers ( 5.62 , 5.61, 5.59 , 5.57 , 5.56 , 5.54 , 5.53 , 5.52 , 5,51 , 5.50 , 5.49 , 5.47 , 5.47 , 5.44 , 5.41 , 5.38 , 5.28 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 437, "width": 221, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Data Outlier (.62 , 5.61, 5.59 , 5.57 , 5.56 , 5.54 , 5.53 , 5.52 , 5,51 , 5.50 , 5.49 , 5.47 , 5.47 , 5.44 , 5.41 , 5.38 , 5.28 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 483, "width": 156, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6.15 6.14 6.13 6.12 6.11 6.1 6.09 6.05 6.04 6.04 6.01 5.98 5.96 5.95 5.95 5.95 5.94 5.89 5.88 5.85 5.8 5.76 5.76 5.75 5.74 5.72 5.7 5.68 5.68 5.67 5.65 5.64 5.62 5.61 5.59 5.57 5.56 5.56 5.54 5.53 5.52 5.51 5.5 5.49 5.47 5.47 5.44 5.41 5.38 5.28", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 652, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Data maximum yang dapat diterima berdasarkan teori Box Plot adalah Q3 + 1.5 IQR = 6.49 – 1.5*0.34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 675, "width": 221, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 6.49 – 0.51 = 7.00. Dari tabel di bawah terlihat ada 1 data outlier ( 7.15 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 703, "width": 156, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Data Outlier (7.15) 7.15 6.97 6.94 6.92 6.91 6.87 6.86 6.85 6.85 6.84 6.82 6.8 6.77 6.77 6.74", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 338, "top": 81, "width": 156, "height": 100, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6.74 6.72 6.72 6.71 6.71 6.71 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.69 6.68 6.67 6.67 6.66 6.66 6.65 6.64 6.64 6.63 6.61 6.6 6.6 6.59 6.56 6.56 6.55 6.55 6.54 6.52 6.52 6.51 6.51 6.5 6.49 6.49", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 341, "top": 641, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Box Plot Berat Souvenir Logo PNP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 34, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5 Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 – 117", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 783, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "116", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4. Sigma Level", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 95, "width": 190, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Persentase keberhasilan berdasarkan Sigma Level", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 145, "top": 207, "width": 71, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Sigma Level", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 77, "width": 221, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pengolahan data menggunakan Box Plot didapatkan 19 data (1 data melebihi batas maksimum dan 18 data di bawah batas minimum) yang dapat dipergunakan untuk penentuan Sigma Level. Untuk penentuan sigmal level dibutuhkan DPMO (Defect per Milion Opportunities. DPMO = (19/200)*(1 000 000) = 0.095 * 1000 000 = 95 000 DPMO. Berdasar tabel sigma level nilai 95 000 DPMO terletak antara 2 sigma (308 537) dan 3 sigma (66 807). Berdasarkan perhitungan didapatkan 2.8 Sigma.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 204, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 221, "width": 222, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah dilaksanakan pengambilan data, dianalisa data tersebut dengan Box Plot dan ditentukan sigma levelnya maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa hasil injection molding berupa souvenir logo PNP belum memuaskan karena sigma levelnya baru 2.8. Pada saat ini mutu yang diinginkan adalah 6 sigma.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 302, "width": 221, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sigma level 2.8 menunjukan hasil produksi belum memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Pasar menginginkan sigma level 6. Untuk itu sangat perlu untuk menganalisa keseragaman bahan yang dipergunakan untuk pembuatan Souvenir Logo PNP. Kesalahan juga dapat terjadi berhubungan dengan keterampilan / ketelitian seseorang dalam pengambilan data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 395, "width": 221, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari data yang didapatkan terlihat data tidak terdistribusi secara normal karena data yang melampaui batas minimal (18 data) jauh lebih banyak dari data yang melampaui batas maksimal (1 data).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 453, "width": 221, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari pengukuran mutu Souvenir Log PNP belum menunjukan hasil yang memuaskan karena sigma level yang didapatkan baru 2.8, dan masih jauh dari keinginan pasar yaitu 6 sigma. Data yang diambil memperlihatkan tidak terdistribusi secara normal. Terjadi terlalu banyak data yang melewati batas minimal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperlukan pengawasan dalam proses produksi dan pengolahan bahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 568, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ucapan Terimakasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 586, "width": 221, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kesempatan ini kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Politeknik Negeri Padang yang sudah membantu terlaksananya penelitian ini melalui bantuan dana penelitian dari Politeknik Negeri Padang yang disalurkan oleh P3M ( Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ) Nomor Kontrak 290/PL9.15/PG/2021 Tanggal 21 Mei 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 678, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Rujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 695, "width": 220, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Gaspersz Vincent, 2006 , Continuous Cost Reduction Through Lean-Sigma Approach , Jakarta , Gramedia Pustaka Utama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 714, "width": 221, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Khaled N. El-Hashmi , 2014 , Appling Process Capability Analysis in Measururing Clinical Laboratory Quality – A Six Sigma Project , International Conference on Industrial Engineering and operations Management , Bali , Indonesia 7-9 January 2014. Indonesia, Bali", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 34, "width": 382, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menhendry 1 , Alfian 2 , Elvis Adril 3 , Junaidi 4 , Zulhendri 5 Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM) Vol. 14 No. 2 (2021) 112 – 117", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 510, "top": 783, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "117", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 220, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Alhuraish, I. 2016. Assesment of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma operation with Decision Making Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Science Direct . 49-12 (2016) 059-064", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 104, "width": 220, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Md Abdur Rahman, 2015 , Defect Reduction in Casting Process by Applying Six Sigma Principles and DMAIC Problem Solving Methodology (A Case Study) , International Conference on Mechanical , Industrial and Materials", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 141, "width": 220, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Engineering , Rajshahi , Bangladesh , 11-13 December 2015, Bangladesh , Rajhashi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 76, "width": 220, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Adan Valles. 2009. Implementation of Six Sigma in a Manufacturing Process : A Case Study. International Journal of Industrial Engineering. 16 (3) (2009) 171-181.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 104, "width": 221, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Alfian, 20.20, Rancang Bangun Molding Souvenir Logo Politeknik Negeri Padang pada Mesin Cetak Injeksi Plastik bertekanan 1.960 kg/cm2 , Penelitian Dosen Pemula , No Kontrak : / PL9.1.4/PT.01.02/2020.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 175, "top": 792, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 790, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "260", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 52, "width": 425, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MODEL OF IMPROVING PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE BASED EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE MEDIATED BY EMPLOYEE WORK ATTITUDE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 161, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mena Qomari 1* , Ibnu Khajar 2*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 434, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 185, "top": 451, "width": 344, "height": 129, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on current global conditions, organizations are really faced with competition and challenges that are increasingly occured in all areas, whether in finance, technology, infrastructure, equipment, and human resources. Human resources are seen as an important factor in the organization because they are actively engaged in running the organization. Therefore, improving the quality of human resources becomes a major requirement in encouraging the improvement of performance in order to achieve their goals.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 585, "width": 342, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hospital organization which is full of human resources from various educational background, has big enough challenge i.e. always trying to improve health service to society. Health service standards established by the Government require hospital management to produce high performance, in order to attract the hearts of people in need of health services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 686, "width": 342, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is how importance human resource issues, then the leader of the organization should put the improvement of HR performance on the main priority. Therefore, Performance Management, especially the performance of human resources, gets more attention for most owners", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 195, "width": 47, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Affiliation:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 205, "width": 90, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2 Magister Management Program, Islam Sultan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 227, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agung Islamic University", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 186, "top": 195, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 186, "top": 217, "width": 338, "height": 196, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The present study intended to test a model in which performance management practice and Islamic values predict work attitude and employee performance. A total of 100 respondents completed questionnaires on performance management practice, employee work attitude, Islamic values, and employee performance. The results from structural equation modeling based smartPLS 3.0 confirmed that 1) performance management practice is positively related to work attitude and employee performance; 2) work attitude is positively related to employee performance; and 3) Islamic values moderates the relationships between work attitude and employee performance. Keywords : Performance management practice, Work attitude, Islamic values, Employee performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 792, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 790, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "260", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 455, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of the organization, because their role can give a very significant effect on the achievement of organizational goals. The existence of performance management practices can minimize the occurrence of conflicts within the body of the organization. This is because there is an effective communication among people in the organization and the establishment of cooperation, both individual and team as well as the similarity in the organizational goals. It has an effect on employee attitudes that further improve their performance, which will ultimately improve organizational performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The phenomenon that occurred at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang shows that the resulting performance is still not optimal. This is seen from performance measurement based on Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in 2016, which resulted that employee performance targets are still at minimum target threshold. Managerial performance of at least 80%, still achieved 79%, Islamic performance of at least 90%, achieved 89% and program performance or special performance of at least 76%, achieved 78% slightly above the minimum target. The efforts to improve performance now focus on performance management practices that consist of setting specific organizational objectives, delegating clear authority, and formulating performance measurement and evaluation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 336, "width": 139, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 354, "width": 158, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance Management", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 374, "width": 466, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance management has been largely defined by researchers, among others is Armstrong’s opinion (2004) who stated that “Performance Management is an integrated concept to achieve sustainable success for organizations by using employee performance improvement methods and by improving individual and group capabilities”. Similar definition is also conveyed by Ma’arif and Kartika (2012) defining that performance management as a continuous communication process which is implemented based on partnerships between employees and their immediate supervisors. Numerous studies have been conducted on the importance of performance management, among others, according to Wibowo (2010), i.e. (1) that there is conformity between organizational objectives and individuals and teams (2) performance improvement (3) motivation for employees (4) commitment improvement (5) core values support (6) improvement of R & D activities (7) competence improvement (8) continuous improvement (9) career planning (10) preventing turn over of employees (11) supporting to total quality and customer service oriented and (12) supporting cultures and cultural adjustment programs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 609, "width": 455, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basically, the practice of performance management is the implementation / practice implemented from the planned activities. Performance management practices should be recognized as a system that is interconnected among units in an effort to achieve organizational goals. Hood’s (1995) opinion stated that “today’s public sector organizations have implemented performance management practices as the focus of performance improvement efforts”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 455, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Sahoo and Jena (2012), it is stated that “The success of employees in achieving organizational goals and mission, can be ascertained because of the success of Performance Management system”. Every employee understands what the company wants for the performance goals of each of its employees. Several studies related to performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "262", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 455, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "management practices such as those conducted by Econ, Karina and Rooyen (2007) showed that there is a positive correlation between practice or the implementation of Performance management with employee performance results. Another study conducted by Mositadi Tertha Letsoalo (2007) found that performance management has a positive effect on employee attitudes. Based on the results of the above research, it can be formulated hypothesis as follow: H1 : The higher practice of performance management, the higher employee performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 147, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee Work Attitude", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 455, "height": 283, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Robbins and Judge (2011) attitudes are “evaluative statutes of either favorable or unfavorable about objects, people, or events.” The importance of attitudes in organizations, as they can influence behavior. Similar definition is also presented by Pushpakumari (2008) who argued “One of the important things for management is that the behavior of employees in the organization is determined by their attitude”. Robbins and Judge (2011) added that attitude has 3 (three) components namely; Cognitive (beliefs of attitude), Affective (feelings of attitude), Behavior (intention to behave). While the indicators of attitude according to Sax (2000), consist of direction, intensity, breadth, consistency and spontaneity. Some of the research that has been done about employee attitudes toward performance is what has been done by Fletcher and Williams (1996) who showed that employee attitude (job satisfaction and commitment) contributes significantly and positively to company performance. Another study from Milliman, et al (2003) found that the application of workplace spirituality and alignment of values significantly affects employee work attitudes. Similarly, the results of research by Letsoalo (2007) resulted that performance management has a positive effect on employee attitudes. Based on the above research, the proposed hypothesis is as follow: H2 : The higher performance management practice, the higher employee work attitude H3 : The better employee work attitude , the higher employee performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 488, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islamic Values", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 455, "height": 179, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Many experts have defined the term Value, according to Darajat (1984), value is a belief in a pattern of thought, feeling, attachment or behavior that is indicated by a certain identity. Another definition given by Bagus (2002) that value is the quality of a thing that makes it preferable, desirable, useful, or can be an object of interest. A similar understanding is conveyed by Mulyana (2004) that values are references and beliefs in making choices. Research conducted by Parboteeah et. al., (2009) proved that an individual’s performance and understanding of religious values are influenced by the powerful impact caused by religious beliefs. Parboteeach et. al., (2009) and Susandari (2011) proved that one’s belief will determine an understanding of religious values which in turn will affect his attitude in carrying out his daily activities in whatever environment he or she is in, both in the work environment and the social environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 455, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is in line with the opinion of Antonio (2012), that exists in the Qur’an in which becomes the foundation of values for the individual in their work: (1) Rizq for every of His servant who is willing to work (QS. Hud: 6), (2) God’s command to always strive for His servant (QS al-jumu’ah: 10), (3) Optimizing oneself to achieve maximum results (QS. An-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 455, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Najm: 39), (4) motivation in making effort, optimistic, and persistent (Surah Ali-Imran: 139, QS Fus-Shilat: 30, QS Yunus: 62), (5) Tawakal in every endeavor (QS. Ali-Imran: 173-174, QS. Fathir : 2, and QS At-Thalaq: 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the above description, where Islamic Values are expected to affect employee behavior, which then affect the direction of achieving organizational goals, therefore it can be arranged hypotheses as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 438, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H4 : Islamic values are expected to moderate the correlation of work attitude and employee performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 443, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above theoretical frameworks, it can be further described in a empirical model of research as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 474, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "figure 1. Empirical Model of Research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 130, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 455, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research included explanatory research. The data collection techniques used in this study was using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was closed, where the answer has been predetermined and the respondent is not allowed to give another answer and then the questionnaire is measured using 5 (five) likert scales. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling so that 100 respondents of permanent employees who work at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang, occupying structural and functional position in all work units.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 654, "width": 63, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FINDINgS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 76, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 692, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validity test was conducted to measure the validity or if a questionnaire is valid or not. Validity test with SmartPLS 3 program was done by using convergent size and discriminant validity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "264", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 457, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Convergent validity of the measurement model with reflective indicator was valued by the correlation between item score / component score estimated with SmartPLS Software 3. Discriminant validity of measurement model with reflective indicator was assessed based on the measurement of outer loadings with construct. The results of outer loadings of data processing using SmartPLS 3 are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 156, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Outer loadings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 180, "width": 444, "height": 231, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee Performance Performance Management Practice Work Attitude KK1 0,602123 KK2 0,783579 KK3 0,718228 KK4 0,718228 PMK1 0,718992 PMK2 0,785578 PMK3 0,628112 PMK4 0,696262 SKK1 0,616196 SKK2 0,549543 SKK3 0,505182 SKK4 0,628689 Source: Processed Primary Data, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 434, "width": 455, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From Table 1, it can be seen that the correlation of the construct of performance management practices, work attitude, and employee performance with each indicator is higher than 0.5, so the constructs in the estimated model meet the criteria of discriminant validity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 501, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reliability Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 455, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The reliability test was performed by looking at the composite reability value of the indicator block measuring the construct. The result of composite reliability would result satisfactory value if it is above 0.7. Here is the composite reability value of the SmartPLS 3 output:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 585, "width": 299, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Composite Reliability Composite Reliability Employee Performance 0,799951 Performance Management Practice 0,801131 Work Attitude 0,664677 Source: Processed Primary Data, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 697, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2 showed that the composite realibility value for all constructs is above 0.7 indicating that all constructs in the estimated model meet the reliable criteria so that they can be used in the next research process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "265", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 366, "top": 346, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "R Square", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 53, "width": 235, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structural Model Testing (Inner Model)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 455, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inner model describes the relationship between latent variables based on the acquisition of output results from the model of loading factor construction structure which is presented in the form of graph relationships among performance management variables, work attitude, and employee performance. It can be seen in Figure 2 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 291, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "figure 2. Structural Model before Moderation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 325, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. R-square", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 360, "width": 239, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance Management Practice Work Attitude 0,316606 Employee Performance 0,316830 Source: Processed Primary Data, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 455, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3 showed the value of R-square construct of employee work attitude of 0.3166 which means that the practice of performance management is able to explain variance of employee work attitude of 31.66% and the rest (68.34%) is influenced by other factors which were not examined in this study. Furthermore, the value of R-square is also found in the employee performance construct i.e. 0.3168 which means that the performance management and work attitude is able to explain employee performance variance of 31.68% and the rest (68.32%) is influenced by other factors not examined in this research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 554, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While to determine whether a hypothesis is approved or not, it was then conducted by comparing between t statistic and t table with condition if t statistic > t table , then the hypothesis is approved. For more detail, see Table 4 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 620, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Path Coefficients before Moderation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 683, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Employee Performance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 450, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work Attitude Work Attitude  Employee Performance 0,517178 0,514961 0,034921 0,034921 14,809893 Source: Processed Primary Data, 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 642, "width": 444, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Original Sample Sample Mean Standard Deviation Standard Error T Statistics Performance Management Practice  0,075110 0,080615 0,039510 0,039510 1,901007 Performance Management Practice  0,562677 0,563095 0,029017 0,029017 19,391186", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "266", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 185, "top": 239, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "figure 3. Structural Model after Moderation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 272, "width": 430, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The result of the path of coefficients after the moderation analysis is presented in Table 5 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 320, "width": 313, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Path Coefficients after Moderated by Islamic Values", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 444, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Work Attitude * Islamic Values   0,974429 0,948462 0,185677 0,185677 5,247992 Employee Performance", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 247, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Processed Primary Data, 2017 (See appendix 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 210, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypotheses Testing and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 447, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test on the correlation among constructs in Tables 4 and 5, the hypotheses proposed in this study can be explained as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 408, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) The Effect of Performance Management Practice on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 455, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The first hypothesis proposed in this study is “The higher performance management practice, the more increased employee performance”. Table 4 shows that the correlation between performance management practice and employee performance is positively significant because the value of t statistic is greater than t table (t statistic 1.90> t table 1.66) at 5% significance level. Thus, the first hypothesis proposed in this study is: “The higher performance management practice, the more increased employee performance” is accepted .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 455, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of hypothesis testing proved that performance management practice can have postive significant improvement on employee performance at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This means that, to encourage employee performance improvement, Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital needs to facilitate the creation of a neat and timely work completion so as the employees can show their work performance joyfully and happily. The results of this study are in line with the study which was conducted by Kagaari et al. (2010) who proved that performance management practice has a significant positive effect on employee performance. Highly evaluated employees generally exhibit specific behaviors, such as higher attendance, low rates of job change, high employment engagement and increased work-related employment. This will be achieved more optimal if the employees get adequate support and facilities from the organization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 341, "width": 267, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Statistics Error Standard T Standard Deviation Original", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 250, "top": 341, "width": 92, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sample Sample Mean", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "267", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 416, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) The Effect of Performance Management Practice on Employee Work Attitude", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 455, "height": 280, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second hypothesis proposed in this study is “The higher the performance management practice, the more increased employee work attitude”. Based on Table 4 shows that the correlation between performance management practice and employee work attitude is positively significant because the value of t statistic is greater than t table (t statistic 19.39> t table 1.66) at 5% significance level. Thus, the second hypothesis which states “The higher performance management practice, the more increased employee work attitude” is approved . The result of hypothesis testing proved that performance management practice has positive significant effect on work attitude of employees at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This means that, when performance appraisal is based on organizational vision and mission, and done transparently, the employees would be able to increase their job targets at Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital. Employees who work in a well-structured and unstructured organization are very likely to be satisfied with their work. Positive work environments are able to encourage positive attitudes so it can increase their satisfaction with their work (Alvi et al., 2014). Furthermore, employees who have clear goals and sufficient resources to achieve success are more likely to be satisfied with their work. The process of performance management increases possibility that employees will succeed in accomplishing their goals which leads to increased job satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 374, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) The Effect of Work Attitude on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 458, "height": 95, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The third hypothesis proposed in this study is “The better employee work attitude, the more increased employee performance”. Based on the results of path coefficient analysis in Table 4, it shows that the correlation between employee work attitude with employee performance is a significant positive effect because the value of t statistic is greater than t table (t statistic 14.81> t table 1.66) at 5% significance level. Thus, the third hypothesis in this study which states “The better employee work attitude, the more increased employee performance” is also accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 455, "height": 162, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of hypothesis testing proved that employee’s attitude has positive significant effect on employee performance at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This means a good work attitude, which is shown by employees, is able to encourage the acceleration of work completion. Previous research has also found that high work attitudes are positively associated with employee performance (Wang et al., 2014). The employees’ positive attitudes toward the organization and its values encourage them to engage in business contexts, and work with their peers to improve performance for the benefit of the organization. The approach taken by Harrison et al. (2006) generally focused on the kind of positive attitude of employees that those executives as heads of organizations are able to develop their workforce. The involvement of senior managers is able to link employee work attitudes with higher performance and productivity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 676, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) The Effect of Islamic Values in Moderating the Corelation of Work Attitude and Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 709, "width": 455, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The fourth hypothesis proposed in this study is “Islamic values allegedly moderate the correlation between work attitude and employee performance”. Table 5 shows that the interaction variable between work attitude and Islamic values on employee performance is significant because", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "268", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 56, "width": 455, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "t statistic value is greater than t table (t statistic 5.25> t tabel 1.66) at 5% significance level. Thus, the fourth hypothesis proposed in this study “Islamic values allegedly moderate the correlation between work attitude and employee performance” is approved . The result of hypothesis testing proved that Islamic values can moderate or strengthen the correlation between work attitude toward employee performance in Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 140, "width": 455, "height": 246, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The importance of religion as a determinant of work values has attracted much attention among scientists. Religion as a source of value is understandable, since three-quarters of the world’s population is religious (Zuckerman, 2005). Work values are a guiding principle of human behavior and religion affecting work values in terms of transmitting specific values and norms to its followers, especially in their workplace. Islamic values are not only related to geopolitical issues, but also business and management issues. Managers and employees in cultures which regard Islam as their “moral filter”, must recognize the role that Islam plays in shaping the practice and organizational management. Islam places satisfaction in working as a small part of joy because the true satisfaction will be felt by individuals as they reach their goal in the world and in the afterlife. This is confirmed by the statement of Imam Al-Ghazali that a man will achieve the highest satisfaction when he is able to imitate God’s attributes such as compassion, love, honesty, justice and others (Sudarsono, 2010). Saleh (2000) found that Islamic values not only affect the work but also the quality of life of the employees. This means that individuals who have a balanced life, whether related to material, non-spiritual or material will feel the highest satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 408, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONClUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 424, "width": 455, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research can generally be concluded that employee performance at Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital can be strengthened and improved through employee work attitude, performance management practices, and Islamic values. Based on the hypotheses testing proposed by using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS 3 software, it can be concluded as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 508, "width": 455, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Performance management practices can significantly and positively improve performance at Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital. This means that, to encourage employee performance improvement, Sultan Agung Semarang Islamic Hospital needs to facilitate the creation of a neat and timely work completion so that it will lead to joyful and happiness of employees in showing their performance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 592, "width": 455, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Performance management practices have positive significant effect on employee work attitude in Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This means that, when performance appraisal is based on organizational vision and mission, and done transparently, the employees will be able to increase their job targets at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 674, "width": 455, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Employee’s attitude can positively and significantly improve employee performance at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. This means that a good work attitude, which is shown by employees, is able to encourage the acceleration of work completion.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 727, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Islamic values can moderate or strengthen the correlation between work attitudes toward employee performance at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "269", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 53, "width": 139, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Managerial Implication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 307, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research has implication on managerial policies as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 455, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Regarding to the variable of performance management practice, organizations shall ensure the implementation of performance evaluation conducted on a reciprocal basis, either from superiors to subordinates or from subordinates to superiors. This will further enhance communication that is more effective and eliminates mutual suspicion. This two- way communication will provide space for organizers to evaluate each other, as well as to provide justice and transparency. This can be done either by applying performance appraisal system with the 360ᵒ concept.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 209, "width": 458, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Regarding to the variable of employee’s attitude, organizations should encourage spontaneity among employees so that they are able to perform their work effectively and efficiently as needed by the organization. Freedom of expression is one effort that can be taken by management to give confidence to employees, that aspiration and all forms of thought will be heard and appreciated.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 293, "width": 458, "height": 145, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. With respect to the variable of employee performance, organizations should encourage employees to complete work punctually. It aims to maintain and enhance the sensitivity of employees in appreciating the time available by utilizing it proportionally, as well as to achieve the target that has been set. Timely work completion is one of the employees’ achievements who deserve to get rewards or serve as one of the indicators of their performance appraisal. Vice versa, there are punishments if there is a mistake or the work completion that is far from the target. But, this needs a deeper study, because to determine the target time of work completion, it must be assessed from various aspects. Leaders should invite subordinates in a discussion to determine the target time achieved.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 444, "width": 455, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. With regard to the variable of Islamic Values, organizations should encourage employees to be optimistic, persistent, and having a disregard (tawakal) unto God so that they have resilience, and not easily discouraged from any failures as well as having an awareness of the importance of relying on God. In order to increase the confidence, it is better that management to create a program that aims to strengthen employees’ religion for example by bringing in spiritual motivation, religious studies, or carrying out them in a religious tourism.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 561, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "limitation of Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 577, "width": 455, "height": 179, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are several things to note related to the limitations in this study, including these followings: (1) All construct variables used in this study are measured only on the responses of the same respondents, where such measurement practices have the potential to be bias. (2) The number of samples in this study is too little that only involves 100 respondents so that research results are difficult to generalize. Future research needs to use another, more general, religiosity-related variable, by adjusting the variables and indicators. As for example in the variable of Islamic Values is replaced with the Values of God, the Almighty. Furthermore, the indicator can use more general languages, for example the word “Allah” is replaced with the word “God” for General Hospital or Hospital which is not based on Islam. In addition, it needs to add other variables which are allegedly able to improve employee performance, such as passion for work, job embeddedness, and altruism.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 780, "width": 300, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) Special Issue, October 2017 “Leadership and Challenges in Organization”", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 778, "width": 17, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "271", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 54, "width": 76, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 80, "width": 455, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. 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[ { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2565", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 91, "width": 399, "height": 65, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "THE IMPROVEMENT OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH EMPLOYEE COMPETENCE, WORK FACILITIES, WORK DISCIPLINE, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 80, "top": 168, "width": 438, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurul Huda Agustiani 1 , Ismiyati 2 , Mar’atus Sholikah 3 , Holy Latifah Hanum 4 , Dian Fithra Permana 5 12,4,5 Universitas Negeri Semarang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 194, "width": 139, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Politeknik Balekambang Jepara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 218, "width": 446, "height": 240, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords : Employee performance, employee competence, work discipline, organizational communication, work facilities This study aims to determine what factors affect the performance of employees at the Finance Department of Universitas Negeri Semarang (Unnes). This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study were all employees of the Finance Section of Unnes, amounting to 75 people. The sampling technique carried out in this study uses probability sampling with a proportional random sampling technique. The number of samples was determined using the Slovin formula with 63 people. The method of collecting data is the questionnaire method. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The analysis results show that the factors that influence employee performance are employee competence, work discipline, organizational communication, and work facilities. These variables have a significant value of less than 0.05, which is 0.000. For this reason, the four variables proved to affect employee performance significantly. Of the four variables, the organizational communication variable occupies the lowest position, so for employee performance to increase in the Finance section of Unnes, employees are expected to communicate well with superiors or other employees. E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Copyright © 2023 Economic Journal. All rights reserved . is Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 488, "width": 453, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The current global era has particular implications for the world of work, where every organization is required to work more effectively and efficiently. Increasingly fierce competition will cause organizations to be required to improve competitiveness in maintaining organizational survival and optimizing human resources and how these human resources are managed because human factors or employees determine a company's success in achieving organizational goals. So, achieving its goals cannot be separated from the role and performance of the employees in it. Performance is an important asset and is needed because it can support and help achieve the goals desired by an organization or company. Therefore, every company constantly monitors the performance of its employees to improve their performance. Performance by Moeherino (2012) is the result of work obtained by a person because he has carried out his duties properly with skills and sincerity [1].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 453, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Negeri Semarang (Unnes) is one of the universities which it has employees who strive to provide satisfactory performance results in achieving the goals that have been set. This agency has various sections, one of which is the finance department at both the faculty and university levels. To conduct a performance assessment, Unnes refers to the Employee Performance Target, which is adjusted to Government Regulation 46 of 2011 concerning the Assessment of government employees' Work Performance concerning the Work Performance of Civil Servants. The regulation explains that civil servants must prepare to evaluate employees' work performance. The aim is to ensure the objectivity of civil servant coaching based on work performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 454, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In achieving maximum performance, employees are not only required to have cognitive aspects but also to be more flexible, have broad insight, be innovative, and be supported by competent skills. The phenomenon of competence in the Unnes Finance Department office is that employees are still unsatisfied because they are less skilled in carrying out their duties and cannot fully serve students well. Employee competence is related to the attitude and ability of employees to carry out the tasks assigned to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2566", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "them. For this reason, competence is significant for employees because employees with good capabilities can carry out the assigned tasks. Thus, employee competence affects the performance of an organization [2]. Another problem encountered in the scope of Unnes is work facilities. The conservation label is very attached to Unnes, so employees are expected to maintain and protect something regularly to avoid damaging office facilities and others. Maintained and adequate work facilities will not hinder employees in carrying out their work because adequate facilities will improve employee performance ([3]–[5]. In addition, good work facilities will support more conducive employee performance and make work more effective and efficient [6], [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 454, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition to competence and work facilities, employee performance is also influenced by work discipline [8], because good discipline can make employees feel responsible for their tasks. Currently, employee discipline at Unnes is still low because some employees do not complete tasks in the allotted time. Whereas discipline is the most crucial operative function of human resource management because the better the employee discipline, the higher the level of employee productivity [9]. Without discipline, the organization will find it challenging to achieve optimal results. Some researchers reveal that work discipline positively and significantly affects employee performance [10]–[12].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 453, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Another problem in the finance department at both the faculty and university levels is employee communication. Employee communication is still very lacking, as is the case with employees working in the finance department at the university level, not necessarily communicating with employees working in the finance department at the faculty level. If this continues to be done by employees, it will cause employee performance to decrease. Therefore, this study aims to determine how the performance of employees increases and satisfies the financial department of Unnes. The factors that affected employee performance were employee competence, work facilities, work discipline, and employee communication. By conducting research, these findings are expected to be input for agencies to develop the performance of their employees so that employee performance and productivity will be better in the future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 109, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Literature Review Employee performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 408, "width": 454, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Performance is the result of work achieved by a person or group of people in an organization, by their respective authorities and responsibilities to achieve the goals of the organization concerned legally, not violating the law, and by capital and ethics [6]. This definition shows that performance is more emphasized in the process, where during the implementation of the work improvements are made so that the achievement of work results can be optimized. Employee performance is very necessary because performance will be known how far the employee's ability to carry out the duties assigned to him.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 478, "width": 454, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mangkunegara (2009) states that performance is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties following the responsibilities given to him [13]. Based on the opinion of experts, employee performance is the result of work achieved by employees with predetermined standards. So, it can be said that performance means the results achieved by a person both quantity and quality in an organization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 537, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Performance indicators are used as a measuring tool used to measure an employee performance result or a benchmark in assessing performance. According to Mathis and Jackson (2006) states:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 560, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Quantity is measured by employees' perception of the number of assigned activities and their results.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 584, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Quality can be measured from employee perceptions of the quality of work produced and the perfection of tasks on employee skills and abilities. The results of the work performed are perfect or meet the expected goals of the work.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 619, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Punctuality is measured by the employee's perception of an activity completed from the beginning to the output. Can complete at a predetermined time and maximize the time available for other activities.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 654, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Effectiveness, maximum utilization of resources, and time available to the organization to increase profits and reduce losses.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 677, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Attendance, the level of employee attendance in the company can determine employee performance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 107, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Employee competences", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 713, "width": 453, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Competence is an ability used to carry out or do a job based on skills and knowledge as well as support from the work attitude required to do the work (Wibowo, 2013). Palan (2007) suggests that competence refers to the characteristics underlying behavior that describe motives, personal characteristics (characteristics), self-concept, values, knowledge, or expertise brought by someone who", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2567", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "performs superior (superior performer) in the workplace. Competencies here will form the basis of knowledge and performance standards expected to be able to complete a job or hold a position. Based on the above opinion, it can be concluded that competence is the ability possessed either in the form of skills or knowledge that can be used to complete a job.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the above understanding, employee competency indicators can be taken according to Gordon in Sutrisno (2009), namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 161, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Knowledge is a person's knowledge in a particular field of specification, such as knowledge in the field related to procedures.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 185, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Understanding is the ability of thinking power possessed by individuals.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 197, "width": 439, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Ability is the skill to carry out certain physical tasks with the ability to complete them effectively and efficiently.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 220, "width": 298, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Value is a standard of behavior that has been inherent in a person.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 232, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Attitude is a feeling of a stimulus that comes from outside.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 244, "width": 274, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Interest is a person's tendency to perform an action or work.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 255, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Work Discipline", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 453, "height": 71, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Work discipline is a tool used by managers to communicate with employees so that they are willing to change a behavior and as an effort to increase awareness and willingness of someone to obey all company regulations and applicable social norms (Rivai, et al., 2013). Sinambela (2012) said that work discipline is a person's ability to work regularly, diligently continuously, and work with applicable rules that do not violate established rules. The statement has a positive influence or value on employee performance, where the higher the work discipline, the more employee performance increases.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 337, "width": 454, "height": 71, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Singodimedjo in Sutrisno (2011) said that discipline is an attitude of willingness and willingness of a person to obey and obey the norms of regulations that apply around, good employee discipline will accelerate company goals while degenerate discipline will be a barrier and slow down the achievement of organizational goals. Based on the above opinion, it can be concluded that work discipline is a person's workability that is carried out by established rules. According to Fathoni (2006), some indicators can affect the level of employee discipline, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 408, "width": 439, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Goals and Abilities The goals to be achieved must be clear and ideally set and challenging enough for the ability of employees. This means that the goals imposed on employees must be by the abilities of the employees concerned so that they are serious and disciplined in doing it.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 455, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Leadership Examples The example of the leader is very instrumental in determining employee discipline because the leader is used as an example and role model by his subordinates.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 490, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Remuneration Remuneration (salary and welfare) also affects employee discipline because remuneration will provide employee satisfaction and love for their work.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 525, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Justice Justice also encourages the realization of employee discipline, because the ego and human nature always feel themselves important and are asked to be treated the same as other humans.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 560, "width": 298, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Waskat (Inherent supervision) Is a real and most effective action in realizing employee discipline.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 584, "width": 439, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Penalties Punitive sanctions play an important role in maintaining discipline. Sanctions and penalties are getting tougher, employees will be more afraid of violating company regulations, and employee disciplinary attitudes and behaviors will decrease.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 630, "width": 309, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g. Assertiveness The leader's firmness in taking action will affect employee discipline.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 654, "width": 439, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "h. Humanitarian Relations Harmonious human relations between fellow employees contribute to creating good discipline in a company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 689, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Work Facilities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bachari (2009) said that work facilities are equipment in the form of physical to provide convenience to users so that the needs of users of these facilities can be met. It can be interpreted that work facilities are all tools or equipment that can facilitate and smooth the implementation of all tasks given. Facilities are everything that can facilitate efforts and facilitate work to achieve goals (Zakiah Daradjat, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2568", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 453, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Work facilities are facilities provided by the organization to support the running of the wheels of the organization in achieving the goals set by the control holder, the available work facilities will have a positive impact on employees in improving employee performance (Asri et.al., 2019). Based on the above opinion, it can be concluded that work facilities are everything that is used to provide convenience in doing work. According to Moenir (1987) divided facilities into 3 groups, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 150, "width": 440, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Work Equipment Facilities, work tools are divided into two types, namely as follows: 1) Management work tools, in the form of rules, determine authority and power in carrying out their obligations.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 185, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Operational work tools, i.e. all objects or goods function as tools that are directly used in production.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 208, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Work Equipment Facilities, are all objects used in work but not directly for production, but function as a smoother and refresher in work. Such as buildings, workspaces, furniture, and others.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 232, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Social Facilities, namely facilities used by employees and social functions. For example, the provision of messes, dormitories, and official houses.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 255, "width": 146, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Organizational Communication", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 454, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Slamet, et al. (2020), effective communication will create a healthy and transparent agency work climate. This is very important because it is used in concentrating the creativity and dedication of office employees. Therefore, in an organization, it is very necessary to communicate well effectively, and efficiently. Organizational communication is defined as the performance and interpretation of messages among communication units that are part of an organization (Pace and Faules, 2015). Based on the above understanding, it can be concluded that organizational communication is very important because it can affect the life behavior of someone who applies it, who they talk to, who they like, how they feel, what they will achieve, and the way they align themselves with the scope of the organization. According to Pace and Faules (2013), organizational communication talks about information that moves from a higher authority to a lower authority. Communication indicators are divided into:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 408, "width": 439, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Downward communication, that is, information flows from positions of higher authority to those with lower authority.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 431, "width": 383, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Upward communication, that is, information flows from a lower level to a higher level.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 443, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Horizontal communication, namely the delivery of information among colleagues in the same work unit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 466, "width": 439, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Cross-channel communication, which is one form of organizational communication in which information is given across functional boundaries and between people and each other does not become subordinates or superiors.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 501, "width": 439, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Informal, personal, or casual communication, is described as a method of conveying confidential reports from one person to one person that cannot be obtained through ordinary channels.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research framework", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 244, "top": 747, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1 Research Model", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2569", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 98, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research Hypothesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 103, "width": 453, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the study of theories and frameworks that have been submitted, research hypotheses can be drawn which are temporary answers to the problems formulated. The hypotheses proposed in the study are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha 1 = There is a positive and significant influence of employee competence on employee performance in the Finance Department of Semarang State University", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha 2 = There is a positive and significant influence of work discipline on employee performance in the Finance Department of Semarang State University.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 185, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha 3 = There is a positive and significant influence of organizational communication on employee performance in the Finance Department of Semarang State University.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 208, "width": 453, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha 4 = There is a positive and significant influence of work facilities on employee performance in the Finance Department of Semarang State University.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 453, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha 5 = There is a positive and significant influence on employee competence, work discipline, organizational communication, and work facilities on employee performance in the Finance Department of Semarang State University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 290, "width": 453, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Quantitative research with a case study approach is used in this study because this research emphasizes the analysis of numerical data or numbers obtained from statistical methods to determine the relationship between the variables studied. The subjects in this study were employees of the Finance department of Unnes. The object of this research is the influence of employee competence, work facilities, work discipline, and organizational communication on employee performance at the Finance Section of Unnes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 453, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The population in this study were all employees of the Finance Section of Universitas Negeri Semarang, amounting to 75 people. Sampling in this study used the Slovin formula and a proportionate random sampling technique. For this reason, the number of research samples is 63 respondents. Questionnaires and interview methods were used in data collection to dig for more profound information. The research instrument test used is the validity and validity test and the reliability test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 453, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The validity test is used to measure the validity of the questionnaire. The questionnaire is said to be valid if the statements in the questionnaire can reveal something that is measured by the questionnaire with a significance of less than 0.05. The results of data processing regarding validity testing in this research are presented in the following table.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 466, "width": 145, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Result of the validity test", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 479, "width": 339, "height": 282, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variables Statement Correlation Status Employee Competence KOMPEG1 0.714** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG2 0.786** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG3 0.540** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG4 0.571** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG5 0.675** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG6 0.875** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG7 0.847** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG8 0.837** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG9 0.815** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG10 0.701** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG11 0.781** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG12 0.792** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG13 0.784** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG14 0.830** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG15 0.775** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG16 0.655** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG17 0.656** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG18 0.613** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG19 0.724** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG20 0.749** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG21 0.793** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG22 0.817** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG23 0.841** 0.000 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2570", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 92, "width": 339, "height": 553, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variables Statement Correlation Status KOMPEG24 0.886** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG25 0.815** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG26 0.841** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG27 0.739** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG28 0.849** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG29 0.805** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG30 0.812** 0.000 Valid KOMPEG31 0.754** 0.000 Valid Work Discipline DISKER1 0.778** 0.000 Valid DISKER2 0.587** 0.000 Valid DISKER3 0.690** 0.000 Valid DISKER4 0.815** 0.000 Valid DISKER5 0.804** 0.000 Valid DISKER6 0.832** 0.000 Valid DISKER7 0.783** 0.000 Valid DISKER8 0.853** 0.000 Valid DISKER9 0.781** 0.000 Valid DISKER10 0.893** 0.000 Valid DISKER11 0.837** 0.000 Valid DISKER12 0.827** 0.000 Valid DISKER13 0.395** 0.001 Valid DISKER14 0.589** 0.000 Valid DISKER15 0.842** 0.000 Valid DISKER16 0.603** 0.000 Valid DISKER17 0.831** 0.000 Valid DISKER18 0.770** 0.000 Valid DISKER19 0.863** 0.000 Valid Work Facilities FASKER1 0.811** 0.000 Valid FASKER2 0.744** 0.000 Valid FASKER3 0.905** 0.000 Valid FASKER4 0.901** 0.000 Valid FASKER5 0.897** 0.000 Valid FASKER6 0.906** 0.000 Valid FASKER7 0.881** 0.000 Valid FASKER8 0.862** 0.000 Valid Organizational Communication KOMOR1 0.773** 0.000 Valid KOMOR2 0.437** 0.000 Valid KOMOR3 0.753** 0.000 Valid KOMOR4 0.786** 0.000 Valid KOMOR5 0.803** 0.000 Valid KOMOR6 0.757** 0.000 Valid KOMOR7 0.830** 0.000 Valid KOMOR8 0.788** 0.000 Valid KOMOR9 0.798** 0.000 Valid KOMOR10 0.750** 0.000 Valid Source: Processed Data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 645, "width": 453, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the validity test show that all statements in this research instrument are valid. While the reliability test of this study used Cronbach Alpha with a Limit of 0.60 because this study used a Likert scale range of 1-5 so it was suitable to use this method [14]. The results of the reliability test are shown in Table 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 692, "width": 453, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the reliability test show that all variables in this study are reliable. This study uses multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis proposed in the study. Each hypothesis was analyzed using SPSS Statistics 23 to test the relationship between variables. Meanwhile, the hypothesis test in this study is a simultaneous test and a partial test (t-test).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2571", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 148, "top": 91, "width": 264, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Result of Reliability Test Variables Status Employee Competence 0.975 Reliable Work Discipline 0.954 Reliable Work Facilities 0.951 Reliable Organizational Communication 0.907 Reliable Employee Performance 0.855 Reliable Source: Processed Data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 198, "width": 147, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Multiple Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 454, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regression analysis analyzes research data to describe the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results of the regression analysis can be seen in Table 3. It shows that the regression coefficient for employee competence variables is 0.285, work discipline is 0.114, work facilities are 0.093, and employee communication is 0.187 with a constant of 12,515; the regression equation is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 292, "width": 453, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Constants and regression coefficients in the above equation are positive. Thus, the description of changes in employee performance relationships depends on changes in employee competence variables, work facilities, work discipline, and employee communication. This change will increase if it is positive and decrease or decrease if it is negative. Therefore, the table explains the influence of employee competence, work facilities, discipline, and communication on employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 436, "height": 217, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Results of Regression Analysis Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B SE Beta 1 (Constant) 12.515 2.860 4.377 .000 Employee Competence .285 .033 .858 8.510 .000 Work Discipline .114 .054 .250 2.118 .038 Work Facilities .093 .110 .097 1.849 .039 Organizational Communication .187 .106 .173 1.768 .008 Source: Processed Data (2022) Significant Test (F test) Table 4. Simultaneous Test or Significant Test Model Df F Sig. 1 Regression 4 53.582 .000b Residual 59 total 63 Source: Processed Data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 567, "width": 453, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The table above shows that the F value is 53,582, and a significance of 0.000 <0.05 Ha is accepted. Ho is rejected. It can be concluded that the variables, employee competence, organizational communication, work discipline, and work facilities on employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Partial Test (t-test)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 614, "width": 254, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Partial Test Model t Sig. 1 (Constant) 4.377 .000 Employee Competence 8.510 .000 Work Discipline 2.118 .038 Work Facilities 1.849 .039 Organizational Communication 1.768 .008 Source: Processed Data (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 711, "width": 215, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the table above, it is obtained as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 723, "width": 440, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. The regression coefficient value of the employee competency variable (t count ) is 8.510 with a t table of 1.668; the significance of the workability variable on the related variable, namely employee performance, is 0.000 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. In conclusion, the value of t count > t table", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2572", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 91, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and a significance of 0.000 <0.05 means that H 1 , which states that the employee competence variable has a significant effect on employee performance, is accepted.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 115, "width": 439, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The regression coefficient value of the work discipline variable (t count ) is 2.118 with a t table of 1.651; the significance of the work discipline variable on the related variable, namely employee performance, is 0.035 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. In conclusion, the value of t count > t table and a significance of 0.001 < 0.05 means that H 2 , which states that the work discipline variable has a significant effect on employee performance, is accepted.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 173, "width": 440, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. The regression coefficient value of the organizational communication variable (t count ) is 1.849 with a t table of 1.651; the significance of the organizational communication variable on the related variable, namely employee performance, is 0.041 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. In conclusion, the value of t count > t table and a significance of 0.041 < 0.05 means that H 3 , which states that organizational communication variables have a significant effect on employee performance, is accepted.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 244, "width": 439, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. The regression coefficient value of the work facilities variable (t count ) is 1.768 with a t table of 1.651; the significance of the work facilities variable on the related variable, namely employee performance, is 0.006 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. In conclusion, the value of t count > t table and a significance of 0.006 < 0.05 means that H4, which states that the work facility variable has a significant effect on employee performance, is accepted.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Test of determination", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 314, "width": 174, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6. Results of R-Square Model R R Square 1 .886 .784", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 350, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: Processed Data (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 362, "width": 453, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6 explains that the R2 value is 0.886, so 0.784 100% = 78.4%. However, multiple regression is better taken from the adjusted R Square value, which is 77%. Thus, the influence of employee competence, work facilities, discipline, and communication on employee performance is 77%. Meanwhile, other factors not examined in this study determine another 23% that affect employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 306, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Influence of Employee Competence on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 433, "width": 451, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study's results indicate an influence of employee competence on employee performance in the Finance Section of Unnes. It is evidenced by the statistical results of the t-test for the employee competence variable with a t value of 8,510 with a significance value of the employee competence variable on the related variable, namely employee performance of 0.000 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. It shows that the employee competence variable partially has a significant influence between employee competence and employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 451, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Employees of the finance department of Unnes influence employee competence on employee performance. Employee competence is an ability to carry out or do a job based on skills and knowledge and support from the work attitude required to do the job. Employee competence is seen from knowledge, understanding, abilities, values, attitudes, and interests. The findings of this study are in line with Haedzar et al. (2022). His research reveals that employee performance is influenced by competence [15]. According to Iskamto (2022) and Iskamto et al., (2020), competence is the most dominant factor in improving performance because high competence will help employees carry out various tasks to make their work easier [16]–[19].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 259, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 609, "width": 451, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results showed an influence of work discipline on the performance of employees at the Finance Section of Unnes. It is evidenced by the statistical results of the t-test for the service procedure variable with a t-count value of 2.118 with a significance value of the work discipline variable on the related variable, namely employee performance of 0.038 or less than an alpha value of 0.05. It shows that the work discipline variable partially has a significant influence between work discipline and employee performance. Work discipline applied by employees significantly affects employee performance by employees of the Finance department at Universitas Negeri Semarang. This study's indicators that can improve employee discipline are goals and abilities, leadership role models, remuneration, fairness, inherent supervision, legal sanctions, assertiveness, and human relations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 451, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This finding is consistent with the research by Surajiyo et al., (2021) and Aftan Abdullah & Mohd Najib bin Mansor (2018) that work discipline affects employee performance with a significance level of 0.020 and 0.000 [20], [21]. Without discipline, all activities that will be carried out will produce results that are unsatisfactory and not in line with expectations. As a result, the goals and objectives of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. Nurul Huda Agustiani,et.al 2573", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 451, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "organization will not be achieved. Plus, this can hinder the running of organizational programs [16], [18], [21], [22]. Thus, discipline greatly affects employee performance because the more disciplined, the higher employee productivity and organizational performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 126, "width": 329, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Organizational Communication on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 451, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results showed an influence of organizational communication on employee performance at the Finance Section of Unnes. It is evidenced by the statistical results of the t-test for the organizational communication variable with a t value of 1.849 with a significance value of the organizational communication variable on the related variable, namely employee performance of 0.039 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. It shows that the organizational communication variable partially has a significant influence between organizational communication and employee performance; in other words, H0 is rejected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 220, "width": 451, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Organizational communication is a show and interpretation of messages between communication units that are part of an organization. Organizational communication carried out in the Finance section at Unnes is by doing downward communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, cross- channel communication, and informal communication. This study shows that organizational communication positively and significantly affects employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 451, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "These findings are in line with the Linking Pin Model theory from Linkert which explains that if we have good communication with employees, employees will be motivated and productive [23]. Supported by Rukmana et al. (2018), the function of communication is to motivate employees [24]. This function works when the boss wants to improve employee performance, for example, the boss explains how well employees are performing and how they can improve their performance. Agree with Kalogiannidis (2020), communication can increase motivation by explaining to employees what needs to be done, how to work, and things that can be done to improve work performance [25]. Thus, organizational communication is an effort to improve employee performance because the impact of communication is very large in improving employee work.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 255, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Work Facilities on Employee Performance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 396, "width": 451, "height": 117, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results showed an effect of work facilities on employee performance at the Finance Section of Unnes. It is evidenced by the statistical results of the t-test for the work facilities variable with a t-count value of 1.768 with a significance value of the organizational communication variable on the related variable, namely employee performance of 0.0082 or less than the alpha value of 0.05. It shows that the work facilities variable partially has a significant influence between organizational communication and employee performance. In other words, H0 is rejected. Work facilities are all tools or equipment that can facilitate and expedite the implementation of all assigned tasks. Existing work facilities to support work in the Finance section at Universitas Negeri Semarang are by looking for work equipment facilities and social facilities. This study shows that work facilities positively and significantly affect employee performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 513, "width": 451, "height": 71, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In line with Jihan Pratiwi et al. (2019), there is a positive and significant influence on the use of work facilities on employee performance [26]. Supported by Daraba et al. (2018), work facilities are an important supporting component in company activities because they have a relatively permanent useful life and provide benefits for the future [27]. In addition, work facilities can expedite company activities and also help employee welfare so that employees can carry out their work properly [27], [28]. Thus, work facilities can increase productivity and organizational performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 451, "height": 141, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Improving employee performance is very important for organizational growth. For this reason, the factors that affect employee performance must be considered further. Factors influencing employee performance are competence, work facilities, discipline, and employee communication. Effective communication between employers and employee leaders is still deficient among the four factors. Therefore, the procurement of event gatherings for employees and leaders is necessary to strengthen relationships and personal relationships to make it easier to interact and communicate. The next lowest factor is employee work discipline. Discipline needs to be considered because work that is not carried out on time will hinder other work, which is at risk of lowering the company's performance. Thus, discipline training is necessary so employees can adequately carry out their duties. In addition, employees with discipline will also positively impact the company by increasing company performance and productivity. For further research, researchers can develop other factors related to employee performance that this study has not studied.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 37, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi Jurnal Ekonomi, Volume 12, No 04 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 58, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2301-6280 (print) ISSN: 2721-9879 (online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 441, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Improvement of Employee Performance through Employee Competence, Work Facilities, Work Discipline, and Organizational Communication. 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[ { "left": 56, "top": 54, "width": 240, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu Pangan Jurnal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 55, "top": 106, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Indonesian Journal of Food Quality)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 234, "width": 195, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Preferensi Mahasiswa di Kota Pontianak terhadap Makanan Tradisional Kalimantan Barat dan Perbandingan Komposisi Nutrisinya dengan Pangan Siap Saji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 300, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Student Preferences in Pontianak on West", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 312, "width": 233, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kalimantan Traditional Food and Comparison of its Nutritional Composition with Ready-To-Eat Food Wahdah, Lucky Hartanti, Maherawati................... 58-66", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 374, "width": 178, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Komposisi Kimia dan Sifat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 387, "width": 183, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reologi Tepung Terigu terhadap Mutu", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 400, "width": 52, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Roti Manis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 413, "width": 233, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Effect of Chemical Composition and Rheological Properties of Wheat Flour to the Quality of Sweet Bread Feri Kusnandar, Harya Danniswara, Agus Sutriyono................................................................ 67-75 Pengaruh Penambahan Spirulina platensis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 500, "width": 175, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai Sumber Protein Nabati pada Daging Analog bagi Vegetarian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 527, "width": 188, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Addition of S. platensis as a Vegetable Protein Source to Analog Meat for Vegetarians Berliana Luckyta Sari, Eko Nurcahya Dewi,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 563, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Suheli Fahmi..............................................", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 567, "width": 26, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "76-83", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 61, "top": 620, "width": 177, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan dan Praktik Keamanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 633, "width": 235, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pangan Ibu di Jakarta Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Food Safety Knowledge and Practice among Mothers in Jakarta during Covid-19 Pandemic Widya Aprilita Minamilail, Lilis Nuraida, Winiati P. Rahayu................................................................ 84-91", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 338, "width": 189, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Produk Keripik Kelapa Skala Industri Kecil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 364, "width": 248, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coconut Chips Product Development at a Small Industrial Scale Mohamad Awaludin, Nuri Andarwulan, Nur Wulandari................................................................ 103-110 Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sensori Nori Daun Pohpohan dengan Kombinasi Pati", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 456, "width": 123, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uwi Putih dan Karagenan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 469, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 208, "width": 499, "height": 335, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pohpohan Leaf Nori with Combination of Yam Starch and Carrageenan Zulfa Tiara Salsabila Rusmiadi, Ahmad Ni’matullah Al-Baarri, Anang Mohamad Legowo................................................................ 111-118 Teknologi Proses Mutu Pangan Profil Bahan Perisa Kritis Halal dalam Peraturan BPOM No. 13/2020 Profile of Halal Critical Flavoring Materials in BPOM Regulation No. 13/2020 Sarah Fathia, Tjahja Muhandri, Nugraha Edhi Suyatma................................................................... 92-102", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 65, "top": 597, "width": 98, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keamanan Pangan", "type": "Section header" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "78 78 78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 88, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "STRUKTUR MAKAM K.H. TUBAGUS LATIFUDDIN PAGERAJI, KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 173, "top": 121, "width": 267, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "U. Abdul Syukur PUI Cabang Bongas Indramayu ([email protected])", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 158, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 172, "width": 385, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka is an area in Tatar Sunda that has a long history. This area has even been the basis of a number of kingdoms that once existed in the history records of our nation. When Islam began to spread to Parahyangan area from Cirebon direction, some areas did not immediately accept the religion which came from the Arab land. Two of them are Talaga and Rajagaluh which are located exactly in Majalengka Regency now. The situation is certainly raises many questions considering the current regency is inhabited by the majority of Muslims. Of course one of the things that make it curious is about the gait of the spreaders of Islam in the community. One of the spreaders of Islam in Majalengka is K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin residing in Pageraji. From oral tradition it is known that this charismatic figure has a very significant role to increase the number of adherents of Islam in the area. His very special positioning of his grave shows that K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin is not an arbitrary person, because he still has a permanent place in the heart of society even though this character has long died.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 289, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: tombs, the spread of Islam, community leaders, Majalengka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 347, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 360, "width": 385, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka adalah sebuah daerah di tatar Sunda yang memiliki perjalanan sejarah yang panjang. Daerah ini bahkan pernah menjadi basis dari sejumlah kerajaan yang dulu pernah eksis dalam catatan sejarah bangsa kita. Ketika Islam mulai menyebar ke daerah Parahyangan dari arah Cirebon, beberapa wilayah tidak serta merta menerima agama yang berasal dari tanah Arab tersebut. Dua di antaranya adalah Talaga dan Rajagaluh yang letaknya persis di wilayah Kabupaten Majalengka sekarang. Keadaan itu tentunya memunculkan banyak pertanyaan mengingat saat ini kabupaten tersebut dihuni oleh mayoritas umat Islam. Tentu salah satu hal yang membuat penasaran itu adalah mengenai kiprah para penyebar Islam di tengah masyarakat. Salah satu penyebar Islam di Majalengka adalah K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin yang bertempat tinggal di Pageraji. Dari tradisi lisan diketahui bahwa sosok kharismatik ini memiliki peran yang sangat signifikan terhadap peningkatan jumlah penganut Agama Islam di daerah tersebut. Pemosisian makamnya yang sangat khusus pun menunjukkan bahwa K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin bukanlah orang sembarang, karena tetap memiliki tempat yang permanen di tengah hati masyarakat meskipun tokoh ini sudah lama tiada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 523, "width": 293, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Makam, penyebaran Islam, tokoh masyarakat, Majalengka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 195, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu doktrin sejarah yang mungkin terus dianut oleh para peserta didik (dan mungkin juga masyarakat umum) adalah bahwa agama Islam baru masuk ke Indonesia pada abad ke- 13 saat perniagaan dengan orang-orang Gujarat India tengah mencapai puncaknya. Ajaran yang juga bisa disebutkan sebagai mitos tersebut,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 562, "width": 195, "height": 197, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sengaja disebarluaskan oleh para orientalis yang memang tidak menginginkan sejarah Islam Indonesia diungkap secara lengkap. Salah satu sosok orientalis yang dimaksud adalah Snouck Hurgronje yang memang tidak mengakui bahwa Islam masuk ke Nusantara jauh lebih awal. Pendapat ini patut dipertanyakan tendensinya karena memang sangat mengabaikan pelbagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "79 79 79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "fakta, bukti dan penelitian yang dijabarkan oleh para ahli-ahli sejarah mengenai kemungkinan masuknya Islam ke Indonesia lebih awal. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 171, "width": 195, "height": 321, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meskipun Islam telah datang ke bumi Nusantara lebih dulu dari perkiraannya, namun eksistensinya baru sebatas di sejumlah kecil daerah saja. Bahkan mungkin bisa dikatakan hanya di beberapa daerah pesisir pantai, seperti di sekitar Aceh dan Sumatera Utara. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa pada mulanya Islam berkembang dengan sangat lambat di tengah masyarakat, dan kemajuannya yang pesat baru dapat dilihat beberapa abad kemudian, ketika pengembangan Islam mulai dirintis oleh para ulama dan sufi yang menyentuh dengan baik sisi-sisi kultural masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 502, "width": 195, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Para alim ulama dan sufi yang tidak henti-hentinya men syiar kan Islam di tanah Jawa, umumnya selalu dinisbatkan kepada sosok-sosok yang dikenal sebagai Wali Sanga (Wali Sembilan). Perkembangan itu semakin pesat, terutama ketika Islam sudah terinstitusionalisasikan ke dalam wujud kekuasaan. Institusi-insitusi Islam yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Mengenai diskursus ini, lihat lebih lanjut, Moeflich Hasbullah, Sejarah Sosial Intelektual Islam Indonesia , (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2011), hal. 1-12.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ada di Jawa, berbasis di Cirebon, Banten, Demak dan Mataram. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 425, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di tanah Pasundan, proses Islamisasi baru datang kemudian setelah gerakan itu timbul sebelumnya di bumi Jawa. Tokoh-tokoh penting yang menjadi penyebar awal Islam di wilayah yang kemudian menjadi Jawa Barat ini adalah para keturunan Raja Sunda Prabu Siliwangi, yaitu Pangeran Cakrabuana (Walangsungsang) dan Raden Syarif Hidayatullah (Sunan Gunung Jati). Sejumlah naskah tradisional, juga menyebutkan nama Prabu Kian Santang, yang juga merupakan keturunan dari Sri Baduga Maharaja. Di antara ketiganya, tokoh penyebar Islam terpenting dan yang paling banyak disebutkan dalam tradisi lisan dan juga sejumlah manuskrip adalah Syarif Hidayatullah. Pusat pengembangan Islam yang dirintis oleh tokoh ini terletak di Cirebon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 564, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syarif Hidayatullah, atau yang masyhur dengan nama Sunan Gunung Jati, mendakwahkan Islam secara damai ke pelbagai daerah di Jawa Barat. Meskipun demikian, nyatanya tidak semua wilayah yang dekat dengan Cirebon itu dapat di-Islamkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Edi S. Ekadjati, “Sundanese Manuscripts: Their Existence, Functions, and Contents”, Journal of the Centre for Documentation & Area- Transcultural Studies, 2 (2003), hal. 129.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80 80 80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan mudah. Daerah Rajagaluh dan Talaga misalnya, baru menyatakan diri berada di bawah kekuasaan Cirebon pada tahun 1528 dan 1530. 3 Dengan demikian, wilayah yang saat ini masuk ke dalam daerah Majalengka itu menunjukkan bahwa proses Islamisasi di barat Ciremai itu tidak semudah yang dipikirkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 195, "height": 239, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum berkembangnya agama Islam, daerah-daerah yang sekarang menjadi Majalengka itu memang berada dalam kekuasaan Kerajaan Sunda-Galuh. Kerajaan ini sendiri ditengarai banyak ahli sejarah sebagai kerajaan yang menganut corak keagamaan Hindu dan Buddha. Walaupun demikian, ada pula yang meyakini bahwa kerajaan terbesar masyarakat Sunda itu memiliki kepercayaan lokal yang khas, yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 523, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agama", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 523, "width": 195, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jatisunda. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, wilayah- wilayah itu berubah menjadi daerah yang menganut agama Islam, terutama setelah Sunan Gunung Jati beserta murid-muridnya melancarkan dakwah ke pelbagai tempat di Tatar Sunda, termasuk ke daerah-deaerah Majalengka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 F . de Haan, Priangan: De Preanger - Regentschappen onder het Nederlandsch bestour tot 1811 (Batavia: G. Kolff/Martinus Nijhoff, 1912), hal. 33-41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 280, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagaimana diuraikan sebelumnya, terdapat hal yang tidak biasa dalam proses Islamisasi Majalengka. Berbeda dengan kegiatan peng-Islaman di Luragung atau Kuningan, yang berjalan dengan damai dan tanpa adanya hambatan yang berarti, di Majalengka para pendakwah Islam harus terlebih dahulu melakukan sejumlah peperangan dengan elit-elit lokal yang memobilisasi masyarakat setempat untuk melawan orang-orang Islam yang saat itu dikirim dari Cirebon, Banten dan Demak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 378, "width": 195, "height": 280, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam beberapa naskah Babad Cirebon, diketahui bahwa dua wilayah di Majalengka yang dalam perkembangan Islam awal selalu melakukan resistensi adalah Rajagaluh dan Talaga. Rajagaluh diabadikan dalam naskah-naskah tersebut dengan eksistensi sesosok pemimpin non- muslim bernama Arya Kiban yang menantang kekuasaan Sunan Gunung Jati, sementara Talaga dituliskan sebagai benteng terakhir kekuasaan pra-Islam yang tidak menginginkan kedatangan agama baru di tanah Sunda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 667, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun sebelumnya dua daerah itu sangat sulit ditaklukkan, pada akhirnya para utusan-utusan kerajaan Islam dari daerah pesisir tersebut berhasil memasuki wilayah itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "81 81 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 197, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan sangat baik dan kemudian menyebarkan nilai-nilai Islam. Setelah itu, proses Islamisasi di daerah Majalengka menjadi relatif lebih mudah dilakukan. Terlebih lagi, pemimpin-pemimpin lokal pun satu persatu memeluk agama Islam yang selanjutnya semakin mempermudah kegiatan dakwah di daerah yang bertanah subur itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Garis sejarah yang telah panjang itu ternyata tidak selurus dan sejelas yang dipikirkan. Meskipun secara garis besar perjalanan sejarahnya telah diketahui, namun sisi-sisi spesifiknya belum terlalu jelas sehingga dalam konteks ini memerlukan penelaahan yang lebih dalam agar diketemukan fakta-fakta baru yang bisa membuat titik-titik sejarah yang masih gelap dan tertutupi kabut masa yang pekat menjadi terang benderang dan jelas dilihat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 564, "width": 195, "height": 197, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengungkap tabir itu adalah dengan melakukan penelitian arkeologi, yang dalam tulisan ini objeknya adalah makam tokoh-tokoh penting penyebar Islam di Majalengka. Dilihat secara objektif, makam merupakan peninggalan masa lalu yang pada umumnya memiliki kekhasan dan ciri unik tersendiri. Salah satu makam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang banyak dikunjungi dan diingat oleh masyarakat sebagai tempat peristirahatan sosok penting kegiatan Islamisasi di daerah Majalengka adalah makam dari seorang syaikh masyhur yang bernama K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin yang terletak di Desa Pageraji, Kecamatan Maja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 274, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Gambaran Umum Wilayah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 333, "top": 295, "width": 194, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kondisi Alam Majalengka dan Pageraji", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 333, "top": 336, "width": 195, "height": 425, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Barat yang lokasinya mencakup wilayah Gunung Ciremai bersama Kabupaten Kuningan. Di sebelah utara kabupaten, terhampar dataran rendah yang kontur tanahnya cukup landai sehingga kemudian dijadikan sebagai lokasi untuk pembangunan Bandara Internasional Jawa Barat Kertajati. Sementara bagian tengah wilayah ini memiliki kontur perbukitan yang sangat bervariasi meskipun ada pula dataran yang cukup rendah. Sedangkan untuk wilayah selatan kabupaten, berdiri tegak gunung-gunung dengan titik tertingginya, yaitu puncak Gunung Ciremai. Di samping itu, di sisi barat daya bertengger Gunung Cakrabuana yang menjadi tapal batas wilayah Majalengka bersama Kabupaten", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "82 82 82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tasikmalaya dan Kabupaten", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 108, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten ini terletak pada titik koordinat 108° 03' - 108° 19 Bujur Timur hingga 108° 12' - 108° 25 Bujur Timur (dihitung dari barat ke timur), dan 6° 36' - 5°58 Lintang Selatan hingga 6° 43' - 7°44 (dari utara ke selatan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 274, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sisi administrasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka berbatasan dengan 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 315, "width": 194, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(enam) kabupaten, yaitu Kabupaten Kuningan dan Kabupaten Cirebon di sisi timur, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan Kabupaten Ciamis di sebelah selatan, Kabupaten Sumedang di sisi barat, dan Kabupaten Indramayu di sisi utaranya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 440, "width": 195, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Pageraji sendiri merupakan salah satu desa yang berada di Kecamatan Maja, sebuah kecamatan yang letaknya di arah selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 523, "width": 194, "height": 114, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Majalengka. Letak desa ini di sebelah tenggara dari ibu kota kabupaten Majalengka dengan jarak sekitar 20 Km yang bisa ditempuh dalam jangka waktu 0,5 jam perjalanan jika menggunakan angkutan umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 647, "width": 195, "height": 114, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara geografis, kontur fisik Desa Pageraji berbukit yang bervariasi dengan dataran-dataran landai. Jika dilihat dari ketinggiannya, maka desa ini termasuk dataran sedang karena memiliki tinggi di atas 400 mdpl dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bersuhu dalam kisaran 15º-25º C, dengan curah hujan sekitar 136 hari/tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 150, "width": 195, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tak pelak, kondisi itu membuat tanah di desa yang berada di bawah kaki Gunung Bongkok tersebut sangat subur dan amat cocok untuk ditanami oleh padi, pelbagai tumbuhan kedua atau palawija, serta tanaman-tanaman holtikultura lainnya. Karena sumber air di Pageraji amat melimpah, wilayah itu juga sangat potensial untuk pengembangan peternakan dan perikanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 378, "width": 195, "height": 363, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa yang hanya memiliki dua dusun (yaitu Dusun Singajaya dan Dusun Jagaraksa) ini, berada tidak jauh dari jalan raya yang menghubungkan Kecamatan Sukahaji dengan Kecamatan Maja. Menurut Tatang Manguny, jalur ini merupakan jalan raya utama Maja-Cirebon pada masanya. Dari kantor bupati (sebelum tahun 1840) yang berada di Maja, jalan itu mengarah ke utara, lalu belok melintasi jembatan Cirungkut (Cibuni) yang selanjutnya melewati Cileungsi Paniis, lalu ke Cicalung, Ciomas, Padahanten, Sukahaji, mengarah ke timur yaitu ke Rajagaluh, Leuwimunding, Banjaran, selanjutnya ke Palimanan, arah ke Plumbon, hingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "83 83 83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 195, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "akhirnya sampai ke Cirebon. 4 Jika benar demikian, maka lokasi Desa Pageraji tidak jauh dari akses jalan vital saat itu, sehingga tidak mengherankan apabila benar ditemukan banyak peninggalan masa lalu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 212, "width": 195, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagaimanapun, kepemilikan letak strategis itu akan mendorong geliat ekonomi untuk berkembang karena akses dari pusat lahan (produksi) tradisional masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 315, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mudah dijangkau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 248, "top": 315, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 336, "width": 194, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memudahkan perjalanan hasil tani dan keterampilan masyarakat ke pasar yang biasanya terletak di kota pusat distrik dan juga kota kabupaten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 194, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sejarah Singkat Maja dan Majalengka", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 460, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maja dan Majalengka adalah dua", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 481, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nama yang ternyata memiliki banyak perbedaan di samping sejumlah persamaan yang dimiliki keduanya. Perbedaannya, kedua daerah ini dalam konteks kekinian mempunyai status administratif yang berbeda. Jika Maja hanya sebagai kecamatan, maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 626, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka telah tercatat sebagai sebuah kabupaten. Selain itu, kontur kedua daerah ini juga sangat berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 696, "width": 208, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Tatang Manguny, Maja dan Majalengka Jaman Baheula , https://tatangmanguny.wordpress.com/sejarah- kabupaten-majalengka-bunga-rampai/madja-dan- argalingga-jaman-baheula/ , diakses pada 12 Juni 2017.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 238, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "karena Maja termasuk dataran sedang yang juga dihiasi banyak bukit karena lebih dekat dengan Gunung Ciremai sedangkan Majalengka untuk datarannya lebih rendah dan termasuk wilayah yang landai. Adapun kesamaan yang dimiliki keduanya adalah sama- sama pernah jadi ibukota kabupaten, bahkan nama keduanya juga pernah tertulis sebagai nama kabupaten. Namun, yang kini eksis sebagai kabupaten adalah Maja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 336, "width": 194, "height": 425, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut tradisi lisan yang berkembang di tengah masyarakat, nama Maja dan Majalengka dipercayai berasal dari kisah tentang Pangeran Muhammad yang mencari obat untuk menyembuhkan wabah penyakit di Cirebon. Konon, penyembuhnya adalah buah Maja yang dimiliki oleh Nyi Rambut Kasih. Namun karena adanya sejumlah masalah, Nyi Rambut Kasih tidak mau menyerahkan buah itu sehingga kemudian terjadilah peperangan. Dalam pertempuran itu, sang nyai menghilang bersama buah maja dan Pangeran Muhammad berkata, “maja e langka” atau “buah majanya tidak ada.” Cerita Pangeran Muhammad tersebut juga diyakini sebagai kisah upaya Islamisasi di Majalengka dan terjadi pada 10 Muharam 1412 tahun Hijriah, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "84 84 84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dalam tahun Masehi jatuh pada tanggal 7 Juni 1490. 5 Meski kemudian tanggal ini ditetapkan menjadi hari jadi Majalengka, ternyata masih menyisakan banyak polemik dan kontroversi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 212, "width": 195, "height": 322, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa selanjutnya, Maja berkembang menjadi sebuah daerah yang sangat ramai karena memiliki lahan yang subur dan mudah ditanami pelbagai macam tumbuhan yang dijadikan sebagai penyokong utama nadi kehidupan di masa lalu. Pada saat Cirebon sudah tidak sekuat di zaman Syarif Hidayatullah, pengaruh Mataram masuk ke bumi Priangan. Pada masa Sultan Agung, wilayah yang dikuasai oleh kerajaan pedalaman itu sangat lah luas. Dalam naskah Pulosaren, tercatat bahwa pengaruh Mataram itu sangat luas dan mencakup ratusan wilayah setingkat kabupaten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 541, "width": 195, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Bawahan Mataram adalah 140 kabupaten, semua itu tidak termasuk (dengan daerah-daerah lain) yang berada di wilayah pesisir,” tulis Shafiyuddin dalam naskah yang telah diterbitkan itu. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 209, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Mengenai cerita rakyat ini, lihat lebih lanjut, N. Kartika, Sejarah Majalengka: Dari Talaga, Maja, Sindangkasih Hingga Majalengka , (Jatinangor: Uvula Press, 2007).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 736, "width": 195, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Haji Muhammad Shafiyuddin, Sajarah Carub Kandha: Naskah Pulosaren , Bambang Irianto (ed.), Muhamad Mukhtar Zaedin dan Tarka", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika VOC berhasil merebut tanah Priangan dari genggaman Mataram, wilayah di sekitar lereng Gunung Ciremai tetap berada di bawah kendali raja-raja Cirebon. 7 Namun memang karena adanya sejumlah pergeseran kekuasaan yang mengakibatkan terpecahnya Cirebon menjadi beberapa kesultanan, maka wilayahnya pun dibagi ke dalam beberapa penguasa. 8 Pada masa itu, Majalengka termasuk ke dalam wilayah Kesultanan Kanoman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 357, "width": 195, "height": 218, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memasuki abad ke-19, wilayah Cirebon tidak pernah berhenti dari masalah. Sejumlah konflik yang hadir, baik itu yang sifatnya vertikal maupun horizontal, terus terjadi dan berlarut- larut. Tidak ada pemimpin kolonial yang berani mengambil tindakan tegas di daerah ini, karena mereka sadar bahwa pemerintahan yang mereka bangun pun belum sekuat yang mereka harapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 585, "width": 195, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika konflik di Eropa semakin jelas arah dan alur akhirnya, maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 646, "width": 195, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutaraharja (alih bahasa), (Yogyakarta: Penerbit Deepublish, 2017), hlm. 550.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 667, "width": 208, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Wilayah yang dimaksud adalah Cirebon, Kuningan, Majalengka, dan Indramayu, saat ini. Dulu, Galuh juga termasuk ke dalam wilayah Cirebon sebelum kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok daerah Priangan oleh Belanda.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 319, "top": 731, "width": 208, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Baca, Adeng, dkk., Kota Dagang Cirebon Sebagai Bandar Jalur Sutra , (Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, 1998).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "85 85 85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemimpin kolonial di Jawa pun semakin mantap untuk melakukan reorganisasi wilayah guna mengamankan kepentingan dan daerah yang mereka kuasai. Pemimpin Batavia yang berani melakukan hal itu adalah Herman Wilhelm Deandels (m. 1808- 1811).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 253, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah berani pertama yang dilakukannya adalah menghapuskan kekuasaan para penguasa Cirebon dan memecah wilayahnya ke dalam beberapa bagian yang bisa dipantau secara langsung. Ia merubah struktur pemerintahan tanah koloni dan melakukan reorganisasi wilayah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "termasuk salah satunya wilayah Cirebon yang menjadi Landdrostambt der Kesultanan en Cheribonsche Preanger-Reggentschappen .. Daerah ini pada saat itu dibentuk sebagai salah satu landdrostambt di Jawa bagian barat, di samping Landdrostambt der Jacatrasche en", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 241, "top": 564, "width": 49, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Preanger-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 195, "height": 96, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reggentschappen . 9 Pada masa itu, keberadaan kesultanan yang ada masih diakui oleh Deandels walaupun kekuasaannya sudah menjadi sangat terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 211, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 J.A. van der Chijs, Nederlandsch-Indisch Plakaatboek, 1602-1811, (Batavia: Landsdrukkerij „s Hage Martinus Nijhoff, 1896), hal. 474-475; 568-569.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 301, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan tegas Daendels untuk daerah Cirebon itu dibakukan ke dalam ketentuan yang khusus dan dikeluarkan pada tanggal 2 Februari 1809. Peraturan yang tertulis sebagai Reglement op het Beheer van de Cheribonsche Landen (Peraturan Pemerintahan di Wilayah Cirebon) itu menetapkan pencabutan kekuasaan politis Sultan Kasepuhan, Sultan Kanoman dan Sultan Kacirebonan. Mereka pun hanya memiliki kedudukan derajat yang sama dengan para bupati ( regent ) yang menjadi para pegawai pemerintahan kolonial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 398, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meskipun begitu, pihak Batavia tetap sadar bahwa Cirebon itu adalah tanah panas yang rentan akan konflik. Jangankan karena berakar dari hal-hal yang berbau asing, karena masalah kekeluargaan pun daerah itu bisa terbakar dalam konflik. Oleh karenanya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 419, "top": 543, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk meredam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 564, "width": 195, "height": 197, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kemungkinan konflik, Daendels memberikan kebijakan yang tetap atas wilayah kekuasaan para Sultan Cirebon pada tanggal 13 Maret 1809. Wilayah- wilayah itu dibagi dengan satuan ukuran yang berlaku pada saat itu, yaitu satuan junk . Dan 1 jung itu sama dengan 4 bau. Sedangkan 1 bau itu ukurannya adalah sama dengan 500 tumbak atau sekitar 7.000 meter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "86 86 86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "persegi. Jadi, apabila dikalkulasikan dengan satuan meter persegi yang banyak dipakai saat ini, maka 1 jung adalah 28.000 meter persegi. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 171, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun wilayah-wilayah para sultan Cirebon yang telah dibagi Batavia itu adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 233, "width": 166, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Area seluas 4239 junk atau 8478 ribu roe persegi, yang tersebar di daerah Kuningan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 146, "top": 295, "width": 148, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Talaga, Gebang, Losari, dan serta sebagian daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 146, "top": 336, "width": 148, "height": 115, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cirebon, dipercayakan oleh Daendels kepada Pangeran Tajul Arifin Johanudin, sebagai Sultan Sepuh VII, yang bertahta di Kraton Kesultanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 234, "top": 440, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kasepuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 460, "width": 148, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wilayah itu cukup banyak dihuni masyarakat karena ditinggali oleh sekitar 80.739 jiwa manusia. Daendels memberi ketetapan durasi kekuasaan atas wilayah ini selama 25 tahun;", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 605, "width": 166, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sedangkan area yang lebih luas, yaitu wilayah seluas 4304 junk atau setara dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 146, "top": 667, "width": 148, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8608 ribu roe persegi, yang meliputi daerah Panjalu,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 208, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 Untuk masalah satuan ukuran yang lebih jelas, lihat, Purwadi & Purnomo, 2008: 61; Wijayati,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 756, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2001: xiv.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 88, "width": 148, "height": 197, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka, Rajagaluh, Sindangkasih, Matangaji, dan sebagian daerah Cirebon, diberikan otoritasnya oleh Daendels kepada Pangeran Raja Mohammad Komarudin I sebagai Sultan Anom VI, yang saat itu tengah menjadi pemimpin tertinggi Kraton Kesultanan Kanoman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 295, "width": 148, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wilayah yang dihuni oleh 76.622 jiwa ini diberi mandat kekuasaannya hanya dalam jangka waktu 27 tahun;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 378, "width": 166, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Di sisi yang lain, area yang tidak kalah luasnya juga diamanatkan kepada Sultan Kacirebonan. Tidak tanggung-tanggung, tanah itu luasnya hingga 4293 junk atau 8586 ribu roe persegi, yang mencakup 5 wilayah, yaitu sebagian daerah Cirebon, sebagian Bengawan Wetan, Bengawan Kulon", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 605, "width": 148, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang posisinya di sebelah barat Sungai Cimanuk, daerah Kandanghaur, dan Indramayu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 688, "width": 148, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wilayah yang dihuni oleh 80.250 jiwa itu hanya diberi wewenang dan dalam jangka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "87 87 87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 146, "top": 88, "width": 148, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "waktu yang cukup singkat, yaitu enam tahun saja. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 425, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika melihat uraian tersebut, maka dapat diketahui bahwa di masa kolonial, ketika Cirebon masih diberi mandat kekuasaan, Majalengka termasuk ke dalam wilayah yang dikuasai oleh Kesultanan Kanoman. Dengan demikian, tidak mengherankan apabila dalam waktu-waktu selanjutnya selalu banyak bermunculan tokoh- tokoh Majalengka yang memiliki darah Cirebon yang afiliasinya dengan Kesultanan Kanoman. Pada umumnya, selain karena mendapat dawuh atau surat perintah dari pihak penguasa, baik itu Keraton maupun pemerintah kolonial, untuk melakukan tugas-tugas tertentu, banyak juga dari orang-orang Cirebon yang berkelana ke daerah- daerah yang ada di Majalengka guna menyebarkan Islam ke pelbagai lapisan kelompok masyarakat. Sebagian besar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 209, "height": 184, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 J.A. van der Chijs, ...., hal. 568-569. Selain turut membagi-bagi wilayah yang sebenarnya telah melangkahi wewenang para tetua adat dan penguasa Cirebon tersebut, Daendels juga menggariskan satu hal penting yang mengindikasikan bahwa Cirebon telah benar-benar tunduk pada kekuasaan asing, yaitu penyerahan wajib upeti atau pajak. Pada saat itu, ketiga sultan yang ada di Cirebon diharuskan untuk menyerahkan beras yang sangat banyak, yakni 2.000 koyan (dengan hitungan 1 koyan sebesar 1.853 kilogram) setiap tahunnya. Selain itu, mereka juga diharuskan membayar pengakuan utang sebesar 30.000 ringgit tiap tahun, sungguh jumlah yang sangat banyak. Lihat lebih lanjut, Atja, 1988, hal. 43.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari mereka kemudian menetap dan tinggal disana hingga menurunkan generasi Islam secara turun temurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 150, "width": 195, "height": 239, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedekatan antara daerah Majalengka dengan Kanoman juga dibuktikan dalam peristiwa perang panjang Bagus Rangin. Selain berusaha untuk menegakkan hak-hak sipil dan melepaskan diri dari jerat pajak yang sangat mencekik, pemimpin perlawanan di Jatitujuh itu juga berupaya untuk menundukkan Kanoman. Dalam naskah Keraton Kacirebonan, keinginan Bagus Rangin itu dituliskan: 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 396, "width": 166, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Brandal Rangin panyeleke anggunturi / Duga ara / Obar Praja Pakung Wati / Sengge padha muri jeng raja Kanoman .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 479, "width": 166, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yang artinya: “Berandal (Ki Bagus) Rangin menyerbu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 523, "width": 166, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memberontak Praja Pakungwati (Cirebon), ia bertekad ingin menduduki Kanoman.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 585, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berhubungan dengan pembahasan mengenai diaspora tokoh- tokoh asal Kanoman Cirebon tersebut, tokoh penyebar Islam yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini pun, yaitu K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin, ternyata memiliki garis darah yang juga berhubungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 736, "width": 208, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 Bambang Irianto dan Tarka Sutaraharja, Sejarah Cirebon: Naskah Keraton Kacirebonan , (Yogyakarta: Deepublish, 2013), hlm. 58 dan 134.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88 88 88", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "langsung dengan salah satu pusat kekuasaan kultural di Cirebon, yaitu Keraton Kanoman. 13 Dalam konteks politik dan kekuasaan, Kanoman pernah menjadi gusti dari wilayah yang semula daerah Kerajaan Sunda Galuh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Struktur Makam K.H. Tubagus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 254, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latifuddin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Struktur Makam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 197, "height": 404, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Makam seorang syekh yang terkenal sebagai salah satu penyebar Islam di Majalengka ini terletak di Blok Pasantren (juga dikenal sebagai Dusun Singajaya), Desa Pageraji, Kecamatan Maja dan berada di sebuah areal pemakaman desa yang dikelilingi oleh sawah-sawah di sisi barat dan selatan serta pemukiman warga di sebelah utara dan timur areal. Karena pamor makam kyai ini sangat tinggi, areal pemakaman ini juga disebut sebagai pemakaman Eyang Latifuddin atau juga pemakaman Blok Pasantren sesuai dengan nama kawasan di sebelahnya. Penisbatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sosok penting penyebar Islam di Majalengka ini adalah tokoh yang sangat terkenal dan memiliki jasa yang tidak sedikit bagi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 46, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Wawancara dengan Ridwan, keturunan K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin yang berperan sebagai penjaga kompleks makam tersebut, 28 Juli Agustus 2016, pukul 10.16 WIB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 238, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kehidupan sosial dan beragama masyarakat. Situs ini berada pada posisi 06°52‟09.0” LS dan 108°18‟18.4” BT dengan ketinggian 489 mdpl. Dengan kondisi dan suasana ketinggian tersebut, iklim daerah Pageraji termasuk yang sejuk dan cukup dingin ketika malam tiba. Terlebih lokasinya tidak jauh dari Gunung Ciremai, gunung tertinggi di wilayah Jawa Barat, yang memiliki alur perjalanan sejarah yang amat panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 529, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Makam Syekh K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin (Sumber: Dokumen pribadi, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 577, "width": 195, "height": 31, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Makam yang berbatasan dengan kawasan dayeuh Pageraji di sisi utara,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 618, "width": 194, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Cicalung di sebelah barat, Desa Paniis di sisi selatan, dan dengan Gunung Bongkok di sebelah timur ini berorientasi utara-selatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 701, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jirat dari makam ini berupa susunan batu bata dengan denah berbentuk persegi panjang yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "89 89 89", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 301, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memiliki empat sisi yang berbeda. Terdapat 3 (tiga) tingkatan dalam jirat makam ulama yang masih keturunan dari Syekh Abdul Muhyi Pamijahan ini. Untuk tingkat pertama (atau yang paling bawah), panjangnya adalah 266 cm, lebarnya 152 cm, dan tinggi 24 cm. Sedangkan tingkat yang kedua (atau yang berada di tengah-tengah), panjangnya adalah 241 cm, memiliki lebar 126 cm, dan tinggi 12 cm. Sementara tingkat ketiga (atau yang paling atas) panjangnya 215 cm, lebarnya 101 cm, dan tingginya sekitar 10-11 cm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 398, "width": 195, "height": 177, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Batu nisan dari tempat peristirahatan seorang muballigh besar ini terbuat dari batu alam, dengan jenis yang cenderung lebih baru ketimbang makam aslinya. Dalam keterangan keturunan sang kyai, diketahui bahwa batu nisan ini baru karena memang makam pernah direstorasi oleh keluarga beberapa tahun sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 585, "width": 194, "height": 135, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam keterangannya, diketahui bahwa pada mulanya nisan makam itu hanya berbentuk dari bahan material batu sederhana. 14 Terdapat dua batu nisan di makam ini, dengan jarak antara satu nisan dengan nisan yang lain adalah 158,5 cm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 208, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Wawancara dengan Ridwan, ...., 28 Juli Agustus 2016, pukul 10.16 WIB.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 632, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembuatan nisan makam pada masa lampau, memang sebagian besar dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan bahan baku yang ada di dekat lokasi makam. Hal itu lebih mudah dilakukan, ketimbang mencari bahan baku yang memang asal muasalnya jauh dari lokasi penguburan, meskipun bahan baku yang dimaksud itu lebih baik kualitas dan daya tahannya. Makam dengan lokasi di dataran tinggi atau pegunungan, pasti akan lebih memakai bebatuan yang banyak tersedia disana, seperti batu kali ataupun batu andesit. Sementara itu di dataran rendah atau yang lokasinya dekat dengan bibir pantai, maka akan lebih banyak dibuat dari batu-batu karang nisan pemakamannya karena memang tersedia dalam jumlah yang sangat banyak di daerah tersebut. Sedangkan untuk dataran yang menengah dengan kondisi alam yang banyak ditumbuhi dengan pepohonan, pasti akan lebih banyak memanfaatkan kayu yang melimpah disana sebagai bahan baku pembuatan nisan. Adapun lokasi Pageraji yang memang berada di daerah perbukitan dengan lokasi yang tidak jauh dari sungai-sungai yang menyediakan banyak bebatuan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 730, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "membuat makam-makam disana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "90 90 90", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "banyak terbuat nisannya dari batu-batu yang disebutkan tadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 135, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di samping cara pandang kajian dengan aspek lokasi itu, jenis makam juga dapat dilihat dari aspek penyusunan bahan baku. Dengan dasar dan data makam yang tersebar di wilayah Indonesia, Ambary mengelompokkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 253, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "makam-makam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berdasarkan bahan makam (nisan) ke dalam 3 (tiga) jenis, yaitu makam dengan bahan kayu (jati, unglen, besi, dll), makam dengan bahan batu (andesit, kapur, pasir, granit, marmer, dll), dan makam dengan penyusunan bahan yang berasal dari logam (kuningan, perunggu, dll). 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 440, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di depan makam terdapat bangunan pelindung yang berupa cungkup namun tidak full bangunan. Bentuknya hanya bangunan setengah permanen yang bertembok semen dengan susunan batu bata dan beratapkan genteng berjenis genteng palentong. Terdapat beberapa tiang berbentuk bulat memanjang ke atas yang menjadi penyangga bangunan yang berada di tengah komplek pemakaman ini. Bangunan setengah permanen tersebut sebenarnya tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 208, "height": 46, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Hasan Muarif Ambary, Menemukan Peradaban Arkeologi dan Islam di Indonesia , (Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu, 1998), hlm. 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 156, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menutupi ataupun melindungi makam, namun lebih berkesan untuk melindungi para ziarah dari kondisi cuaca, terik matahari, ataupun hujan yang memang sering terjadi jika musim penghujan di wilayah yang berada di bawah kaki Gunung Bongkok yang terangkai dengan Gunung Ciremai ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 274, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Tradisi di Makam K.H. Tubagus", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 295, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latifuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 315, "width": 195, "height": 281, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di makam ini, ada satu tradisi rutin yang memang dikelola secara teratur oleh keluarga dalam bentuk acara haol ( haolan ). Acara yang bertujuan untuk mendoakan arwah leluhur agar diterangkan kuburnya itu biasanya dilakukan setahun sekali, yang waktunya ditentukan setelah lebaran Idul Fitri. Di samping itu, ada pula tradisi lain yang memang bersifat personal, dengan tujuan khusus tertentu. Kedua hal itu dibedakan oleh motivasi yang mendasari kedatangan mereka ke kompleks pemakaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 605, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari pengamatan yang telah dilakukan, diketahui pula bahwa ada berbagai macam pemaknaan mengenai tradisi ziarah di makam ini. Sebagaimana disebutkan di atas, pemaknaan itu berjalan seiringan dengan motivasi dan tujuan utama yang diinginkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "91 91 91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 218, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kondisi semacam itu, tidak hanya terjadi di tengah masyarakat Sunda Majalengka saja, namun juga di dalam kelompok suku lainnya. Dalam konteks masyarakat Jawa misalnya, di dalam aspek kehidupannya, ternyata masih sangat berpatokan terhadap aturan dan larangan yang ujung pangkal sumbernya ada dalam tiga nilai dominan yang menjadi acuan di dalam kehidupan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 195, "height": 404, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertama , nilai kolektivisme, yaitu nilai yang mengedepankan kebersamaan di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Kedua , nilai spritualisme atau nilai yang berkaitan dengan aspek kerohanian manusia. Bagaimanapun, aspek-aspek spiritual memang menjadi salah satu hal yang penting dalam diri manusia. Ketiga , nilai kemanusiaan, yaitu nilai yang berhubungan dengan jiwa humanisme dan perasaan tenggang rasa. 16 Semua nilai tersebut ada dan dapat terlihat dari tindakan dan perilaku manusia, meski memang tidak selalu terwujud dalam satu nilai saja melainkan dua atau bahkan hingga tiga nilai secara bersama-sama. Aspek-aspek nilai yang telah disebutkan itu dapat dianalisa sebagai cara pandang pemaknaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 208, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16 Iman Budhi Santosa, Laku Prihatin: Investasi Menuju Sukses Ala Manusia Jawa , (Yogyakarta: Memayu Publising, 2011), hlm. 13.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "masyarakat atas kebiasaan untuk datang dan berdo‟a di makam Syekh K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 150, "width": 195, "height": 425, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemaknaan yang positif umumnya dijalankan oleh mereka yang datang ke makam dengan tujuan mendo‟akan keselamatan sang kyai di alam kubur. Perilaku yang pertama ini dilakukan oleh para keturunannya dan juga para pengagum sang ulama yang telah memiliki jasa bagi pengembangan Islam di tanah Majalengka. Karena hal itu pula, makam tersebut mendapat perlakuan yang khusus dari keluarga dan masyarakat, baik itu masyarakat sekitar maupun masyarakat yang datang dari luar daerah. Dalam studi Ambary, diketahui bahwa perlakuan semacam itu bisa ada karena terdapat emosi keyakinan dan kepercayaan tertentu dalam diri manusia sehingga objek-objek yang dimaksud dianggap sakral meskipun pada dasarnya bersifat profan. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 585, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal-hal yang demikian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 605, "width": 195, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menunjukkan adanya suatu peninggalan masa pra-Islam yang masih dianut oleh masyarakat. Perilaku itu menunjukkan adanya asimilasi yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 708, "width": 208, "height": 57, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Baca lebih lanjut, Hasan Muarif Ambary, “Makam-makam Kesultanan dan Parawali Penyebar Islam di Pulau Jawa,” Dalam Aspek- aspek Arkeologi Indonesia No. 12. (Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, 1991).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92 92 92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 114, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "amat jelas karena masyarakat melakukan perlakuan khusus tertentu terhadap makam dari tokoh-tokoh besar (seperti halnya makam para raja, pembesar, pemuka agama, atau pendiri daerah atau desa) tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 212, "width": 195, "height": 508, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengenai pengkultusan makam tersebut, Hasan M. Ambary menguraikan bahwa hal itu merupakan tradisi yang ada di sebagian besar masyarakat Muslim yang telah tersebar di wilayah Nusantara, khususnya di Pulau Jawa. Kubur yang mendapat perlakuan sebagai objek yang sakral seperti itu, terkadang menjadi tempat yang secara keliru diyakini sebagai media untuk ngalap berkah atau meminta sesuatu. 18 Tentunya, ajaran Islam tidak pernah menunjukkan adanya ritual atau upacara-upacara peringatan kematian di luar prosesi baku dalam perawatan jenazah sampai pemakaman yang telah termaktub secara teratur dengan jelas dalam ajarannya. Namun dalam konteks Indonesia, ternyata timbul pelbagai peringatan kematian dalam hari-hari tertentu, seperti dalam hari ketiga, ketujuh, keempat puluh, keseratus dan keseribu hari yang sebetulnya berasal dari adat dan tradisi yang berkembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 742, "width": 208, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 Hasan Muarif Ambary, Menemukan Peradaban .... , hlm. 43.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 218, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebelum adanya Islam. Aktivitas haol dan ziarah kubur pada hakikatnya merupakan bentuk modifikasi dari budaya megalitik yang berkembang secara luas pada masa pra-sejarah. Menurut informasi yang berasal dari masyarakat sekitar, diketahui bahwa acara haol yang dihadiri oleh pelbagai lapisan masyarakat dari banyak daerah itu rutin dilaksanakan setahun sekali di kompleks pemakaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 315, "width": 194, "height": 177, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan pemaknaan yang berkonotasi negatif, dilakukan oleh mereka yang memiliki tujuan pribadi ketika datang ke makam. Secara umum, tujuan-tujuan yang kurang baik itu adalah guna mengejar hal-hal yang bersifat duniawi, seperti masalah harta, kedudukan, dan pengasihan-pengasihan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 502, "width": 195, "height": 259, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kondisi makam sebagai objek ziarah dengan tujuan permintaan khusus tertentu itu menunjukkan bahwa makam seakan berada dalam konteks abstrak dan unik dari sistem perilaku manusia. Pelbagai ritual, seperti membersihkan makam, menaburi bunga, memegang bagian makam tertentu, memberi wewangian, yang dilakukan dalam hari-hari dengan hitungan tertentu, diyakini menjadi media penghubung antara masyarakat dengan sosok tokoh yang ada. Pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93 93 93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 94, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "saat itulah, permintaan-permintaan diajukan. Sudewo mengungkapkan bahwa di titik itu, mereka tengah memohon kepada Allah dengan melalui perantara sesuatu. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 191, "width": 195, "height": 218, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konteks yang kedua ini, pihak keluarga sudah jelas-jelas melarang dan menghimbau agar ziarah di makam K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin tersebut tidak dijadikan sebagai ajang kemusyrikan. Namun tetap saja, ada beberapa orang tertentu yang menganggap ketentuan yang diberikan oleh para keturunan sang kyai itu sebagai angin lalu dan tidak mengindahkannya sama sekali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 209, "height": 197, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Peran K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin dalam Proses Islamisasi Majalengka Upaya masuknya Islam ke Majalengka tidak terjadi dengan mudah sebagaimana membalikkan telapak tangan. Terdapat jangka waktu yang cukup lama untuk menancapkan agama Ilahi di daerah yang semula berperan sebagai vassal Kerajaan Sunda Pajajaran tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 647, "width": 195, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di samping itu, kedatangan Islam di Majalengka juga ternyata belum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 209, "height": 57, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19 Eri Sudewo, “Pemujaan Kubur : Distorsi atau Retradisionalisasi” dalam Proceedings Analisis Hasil Penelitian Arkeologi I: Religi dalam Kaitannya dengan Kematian , Jilid I, (Jakarta: Pusat Arkeologi Nasional, 1990), hlm. 118-121.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat ditentukan kepastiannya. Meskipun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 108, "width": 195, "height": 177, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "naskah babad mengerucutkan waktu kedatangan Islam pada tanggal 10 Muharam 1412 tahun Hijriah, yang bertepatan dengan tanggal 7 Juni 1490, namun ternyata belum dapat dipegang secara pasti sebagai dasar pegangan ketetapan mengenai sejarah masuknya Islam ke wilayah Majalengka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 295, "width": 194, "height": 342, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meskipun Islam telah datang ke Majalengka melalui ekspansi kekuasaan wilayah Cirebon, namun ternyata penyebaran Islam tidak selancar sebagaiman mestinya. Di beberapa tempat, unsur-unsur pra-Islam masih bisa bertahan dan bahkan seakan melakukan resistensi terhadap arah pergerakan Islamisasi. Diterimanya Islam di tengah masyarakat pun ternyata tetap masih berhiaskan aspek- aspek yang bersifat sinkretis. Kontak budaya yang terjadi di antara Islam dengan budaya masyarakat setempat menghasilkan dinamika budaya yang unik sehingga kemudian memunculkan akulturasi dan asimilasi budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 647, "width": 195, "height": 114, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan latar belakang itu, kemudian pusat-pusat Islam Jawa bagian barat, seperti di Cirebon dan Banten, berupaya mengatasinya dengan mengirimkan para muballigh ataupun ahli agama guna memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94 94 94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 195, "height": 176, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemahaman yang baik mengenai agama Islam. Dalam hal ini, sosok K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin merupakan seorang ahli agama Islam yang berasal dari garis keturunan kedua pusat Islam yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. Di samping itu, ia juga memiliki darah Mataram yang berasal dari kakeknya yang berasal dari wilayah Bagelen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 274, "width": 195, "height": 404, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari bumi Mataram, sang kyai mendapat darah keturunan penyebar Islam yang sangat masyhur dan bermukim di Pamijahan, yaitu Syekh K.H. Abdul Muhyi. Menurut paparan keluarga, sosok penting bagi perkembangan Islam di Jawa Barat itu merupakan kakek dari K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin karena ayahnya yang bernama K.H. Faqih Ibrahim (yang juga dikenal sebagai Sunan Cipager) itu merupakan putra Syekh K.H. Abdul Muhyi. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa proses Islamisasi melalui proses pernikahan dan keturunan tidaklah sedikit. Apabila kita lihat secara spesifik mengenai paparan babad- babad Jawa sendiri, maka kita akan menemukan bahwa Islamisasi melalui saluran perkawinan itu telah banyak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 31, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terjadi di antara bangsawan, pedagang, dan ulama. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 129, "width": 195, "height": 322, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai keturunan alim ulama yang menggaungkan Islam di Tatar Pasundan, K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin memiliki tugas mulia yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan para pendahulunya. Setelah belajar Islam dan ilmu agama kepada ayahnya yang jumeneng di daerah Talaga, kemudian Tubagus Latifuddin muda melanjutkan pendidikannya ke beberapa pusat ke- Islam-an lain di Pulau Jawa dan sekitarnya. Setelah merasa kadar keilmuannya cukup, ia pun kembali kepada ayahnya dan memilih untuk mukim di Pageraji sebagai lahan berdakwahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 460, "width": 195, "height": 156, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemudian di bawah kaki Gunung Bongkok, ia merintis seruan rohaninya. Selain aktif mendakwahkan Islam kepada penduduk setempat, K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin juga turut mensyiarkan Islam ke sejumlah daerah lain di sekitar Pageraji, Maja, dan Sukahaji, Majalengka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 626, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan bekal ilmu yang mumpuni, banyak orang yang hendak berguru kepada sosok ini. Orang-orang pun banyak berdatangan dari pelbagai tempat ke Pageraji. Lama kelamaan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 736, "width": 184, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, Sejarah Nasional Indonesia III , (Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1992), hlm. 190-191.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95 95 95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 94, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tempat tinggal sang kyai pun semakin ramai oleh kegiatan para muridnya. Karena ramai oleh aktivitas yang berbau Islam itu kemudian dusun yang ditinggali oleh K.H. Tubagus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 191, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latifuddin dikenal sebagai Blok", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 212, "width": 194, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasantren. Melalui lembaga sosial keagamaan tersebut, dakwah Islam di tanah Majalengka pun semakin ramai dan semarak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 195, "height": 280, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Besarnya penghormatan dan perhatian masyarakat kepada sosok K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin yang telah lama tiada dapat dilihat dari besarnya animo masyarakat terhadap kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan pusara sang kyai. Di samping itu, perlakuan- perlakuan khusus terhadap makamnya dapat mempertegas pernyataan tadi. Pada dasarnya, pendirian makam oleh masyarakat memang dilatarbelakangi kepercayaan-kepercayaan atas roh atau benda-benda ghaib dan juga penghormatan atas arwah leluhur. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 585, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan haol yang dilakukan disana dengan semarak pun semakin mengukuhkan pernyataan tesebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 647, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak mungkin terjadi suatu kegiatan yang meriah dan semarak, terlebih berkenaan dengan sosok yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 208, "height": 34, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21 Lihat lebih lanjut, Soekmono, Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia I , (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1981).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 333, "top": 88, "width": 194, "height": 156, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "lama telah meninggal, jika tokoh yang dimaksud bukanlah sosok yang penting dan berperan dalam percaturan sejarah Majalengka. Karenanya dapat disimpulkan bahwa K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin merupakan salah satu tokoh penting yang peran dan kiprahnya perlu diteladani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 274, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 333, "top": 295, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tulisan sederhana ini, setidaknya ada beberapa poin yang bisa disimpulkan, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 357, "width": 174, "height": 218, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Maja dan Majalengka adalah dua nama daerah yang memiliki perbedaan, baik itu secara sosial, politis, maupun ekonomis. Maja telah ada sejak masa kerajaan-kerajaan tradisional Sunda berdiri, sedangkan Majalengka baru muncul kemudian di zaman kolonial Belanda. Di era kekuasaan asing ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 585, "width": 156, "height": 93, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka baru berdiri sebagai sebuah kabupaten. Sejak zaman Islam, Majalengka lebih “dekat” dengan Keraton Kanoman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 372, "top": 688, "width": 156, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesultanan Cirebon, sehingga banyak tokoh-tokoh yang berkiprah di Majalengka berasal dari Kanoman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96 96 96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 88, "width": 173, "height": 73, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Makam K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin terletak di Blok Pasantren (juga dikenal sebagai Dusun Singajaya), Desa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 171, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pageraji, Kecamatan Maja,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 191, "width": 155, "height": 73, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Majalengka. Pusara tersebut berada pada posisi 06°52‟09.0” LS dan 108°18‟18.4” BT dengan ketinggian 489 mdpl.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 274, "width": 155, "height": 425, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jirat dari makam ini berupa susunan batu bata dengan denah berbentuk persegi panjang yang memiliki empat sisi yang berbeda. Terdapat 3 (tiga) tingkatan dalam jirat makam ulama yang masih keturunan dari Syekh Abdul Muhyi Pamijahan ini. Ukuran masing-masing tingkatan bervariasi antara 215 cm - 266 cm untuk panjangnya, 101 cm - 152 cm untuk lebarnya, dan 10 cm - 12 cm untuk tingginya. Batu nisannya terbuat dari batu alam, dengan jenis yang baru karena makam pernah dipugar. Terdapat bangunan pelindung yang berupa cungkup dalam area makam namun tidak full bangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 709, "width": 173, "height": 52, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Ada banyak tradisi yang berlangsung di makam ini. Namun semuanya dapat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 372, "top": 88, "width": 156, "height": 176, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digeneralisir dengan maksud dan tujuannya ke dalam dua macam, yaitu yang bertujuan positif seperti acara ziarah dan haol , serta tradisi dengan tujuan negatif seperti untuk pengajuan permintaan tertentu melalui media hal-hal ghaib disana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 274, "width": 174, "height": 52, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Masuknya Islam ke Majalengka tidak terjadi dengan mudah karena", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 372, "top": 336, "width": 156, "height": 32, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebelumnya banyak yang melakukan resistensi,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 372, "top": 378, "width": 155, "height": 31, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "khususnya dari para pemeluk agama-agama pra-Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 419, "width": 156, "height": 342, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedatangan para muballigh Islam secara bergelombang pada akhirnya semakin membuat daerah ini semakin “hijau” oleh nilai-nilai Islam. Salah satu sosok penting penyebar Islam itu adalah K.H. Tubagus Latifuddin, yang mensyiarkan Islam dari Pageraji, di bawah Gunung Bongkok. Kiprah dan perannya yang sangat besar di masa lalu dibuktikan oleh besarnya penghormatan masyarakat kepada sosok ini, hal itu terlihat dari semaraknya haol memeringati perjuangan sang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 790, "width": 212, "height": 16, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamaddun , Vol. 5, No. 1, Januari – Juni 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 503, "top": 802, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97 97 97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 139, "top": 88, "width": 155, "height": 31, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kyai yang dilakukan setiap tahun pada bulan Syawal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 153, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 177, "width": 195, "height": 24, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adeng, dkk. 1998. Kota Dagang Cirebon Sebagai Bandar Jalur", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 204, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutra . Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 238, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ambary, Hasan Muarif. 1991. Makam- makam Kesultanan dan Parawali Penyebar Islam di Pulau Jawa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 279, "width": 166, "height": 39, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Aspek-aspek Arkeologi Indonesia No. 12. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 327, "width": 195, "height": 52, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ambary, Hasan Muarif., 1998. Menemukan Peradaban Arkeologi dan Islam di Indonesia . Jakarta: Pusat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 382, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 415, "width": 195, "height": 66, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "de Haan, Francois. 1912. Priangan: De Preanger -Regentschappen onder het Nederlandsch bestour tot 1811 . Batavia: G. Kolff/Martinus Nijhoff.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 490, "width": 195, "height": 38, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ekadjati, Edi S. 2003. “Sundanese Manuscripts: Their Existence, Functions, and Contents”, dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 532, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of the Centre for", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 545, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Documentation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 545, "width": 195, "height": 86, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "& Area- Transcultural Studies, 2 . Hasbullah, Moeflich. 2011. Sejarah Sosial Intelektual Islam Indonesia . Bandung: Pustaka Setia.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 640, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Irianto, Bambang dan Sutaraharja,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 654, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tarka. Zaedin, Muhamad", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 128, "top": 668, "width": 166, "height": 52, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mukhtar dan Darussalam, Panji (eds.). 2013. Sejarah Cirebon: Naskah Keraton Kacirebonan . Yogyakarta: Deepublish.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 729, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kartika, N. 2007. Sejarah Majalengka:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 743, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Talaga, Maja, Sindangkasih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 88, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hingga Majalengka . Jatinangor:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 102, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uvula Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 121, "width": 195, "height": 39, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Santosa, Iman Budhi. 2011. 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[ { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 116, "top": 102, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ASPEK GRAMATIKAL DALAM BERITA OLAHRAGA DI KORAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 116, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“SPORTAINMENT” EDISI MARET -APRIL 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 141, "width": 346, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tita Nur Indartiningtias 1) , Teguh Suharto 2) , Agung Nasrullah Saputro 3) 1,2,3) Universitas PGRI Madiun Email: 1) [email protected] ;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 180, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) [email protected];", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 193, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) [email protected].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 233, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 258, "width": 397, "height": 187, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan kohesi gramatikal dalam berita olahraga di koran “Sportainment” edisi Maret -April 2018. (2) Mendeskripsikan ciri kebahasaan di koran “Sportainment” edisi Maret -April 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif.Selain pendekatan penelitian kualitatif penelitian ini juga menggunakan pendekatan linguistik karena dalam linguistik terdapat kohesi gramatikal yang menjadi acuan dalam penelitian.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi yang jenisnya dokumen tertulis.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah meneliti sebuah dokumen tertulis. Dokumen dan arsip yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bacaan pada koran.Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa berdasarkan tiga puluh data bacaan berita olahraga pada koran “sportainment” edisi Maret -April tersebut memiliki kohesi gramatikal dan ciri kebahasaannya. Adapun kohesi gramatikal berupa referensi, substitusi, ellipsis dan konjungsi. Sedangkan ciri kebahasaan pada bacaan koran olahraga berupa jelas, lugas, sederhana, singkat, padat, jernih, menarik, demokratis, komunikatif, spesifik, hemat kata, jelas makna, tidak mubazir dan tidak klise.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 460, "width": 221, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Gramatikal, Berita Olahraga, Koran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 483, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 495, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengetahui informasi berita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 509, "width": 208, "height": 232, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tentang segala yang terjadi pada negara atau dunia itu sangat penting bagi masyarakat luas untuk menambah wawasan dan pengetahuannya. “These scholars argued that a convergence model and communication network analysis would advance knowledge of how mass media obtain, define, and transmit information. Since that time, there has been compelling experimental research to support the idea that the media have agenda-setting capability; that is, the news media are crucial in how we construct our notion of reality (Bryant & Zillmann, 2002), and media effects are related to the interpersonal communications that stem from interest generated by the news media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 482, "width": 209, "height": 177, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Rogers, 2002)”. Menurut Dean (dalam Suryawati, 2011: 68) berita dapat didefinisikan sebagai suatu fakta yang akurat atau suatu ide yang dapat menarik perhatian bagi sejumlah besar pembaca. Berkat berita masyarakat juga mendapatkan informasi penting lainnya yang belum tentu mereka dapatkan kebenarannya dari orang lain, misalnya seperti tentang kriminal, politik, bencana alam dan masih banyak lagi. Karena berita merupakan kebutuhan pokok bagi masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 662, "width": 208, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem penulisan berita ada pedoman tersendiri yang dijadikan dasar penulisan. Bagi sebuah perusahaan media massa atau pekerja jurnalistik mereka saling berlomba-lomba untuk mengelola dan menyajikan sebuah berita secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "optimal agar berita tersebut layak disajikan dan memenuhi kebutuhan bagi yang haus akan informasi. Dalam bukunya Suryawati, 2011: 40 koran atau surat kabar adalah media komunikasi yang berisikan informasi aktual dari berbagai aspek kehidupan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 171, "width": 208, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahasa pada sebuah koran tidak lepas dari susunan tata bahasanya.Menurut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marianne dan Louise, dalam Masyhuri(2015), bahasa bukanlah sekedar saluran tempat pengomunikasian informasi tentang keadaan mental utama atau prilaku atau fakta-fakta dunia ini. Sebaliknya, bahasa merupakan “alat” yang menggerakan, dan akibatnya menyusun dunia sosial itu sendiri.Selain itu, bahasa juga menata hubungan-hubungan dan identitas-identitas sosial.Maksudnya bahwa perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi dalam wacana merupakan alat untuk mengubah dunia sosial.Perjuangan- perjuangan yang muncul pada tataran kewacanaan terjadi dalam upaya untuk mengubah maupun memproduksi realitas sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 433, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kohesi adalah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 433, "width": 208, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hubungan antarbagian dalam teks yang ditandai oleh penggunaan unsur bahasa.Penyusunan sebuah wacana harus menggunakan bahasa tulis yang efektif dan merujuk pada keterpautan bentuk.Kohesi gramatikal merupakan piranti atau penanda kohesi yang melibatkan penggunaan unsur kaidah bahasa. Gramatikal juga berarti struktur lahir wacana atau segi bentuk yang dianalisis berdasarkan empat aspek antara lain referensi, ellipsis, substitusi dan konjungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 209, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Olahraga itu sendiri berarti kegiatan yang terbuka bagi semua orang tanpa memandang status, ras, jenis kelamin, dan sebagainya.Siapa saja berhak memperoleh informasi tentang berita olahraga yang dia senangi maupun yang tidak dia senangi.Pemberitaan berita olahraga tentang siapa yang kalah dan siapa yang menang menjadikan masyarakat tertarik untuk mengikuti dan mencari tahu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 209, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "informasi tersebut.Sebab, rasa penasaran tentang kemajuan dunia olahraga dalam negeri maupun luar negeri masih begitu banyak masyarakat yang ingin mengikuti perkembangannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 158, "width": 88, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KAJIAN TEORI 1. Berita", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 185, "width": 194, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berita (news) berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta yaitu Vrit (persamaan dalam bahasa Inggris dapat dimaknai dengan write ) yang artinya ‘ada’ atau ‘terjadi’.Dalam Kamus Besar Baha sa Indonesia terbitan Balai Pustaka (dalam Suryawati, 2011: 67) arti berita diperjelas menjadi ‘laporan mengenai kejadian atau peristiwa yang hangat’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 351, "top": 309, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Dean (dalam Suryawati,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 323, "width": 194, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2011: 68) berita dapat didefinisikan sebagai setiap fakta yang akurat atau suatu ide yang dapat menarik perhatian bagi sejumlah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 364, "width": 194, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "besar pembaca.Sedangkan menurut pendapat lain William (dalam Suryawati, 2011: 68) mengemukakan bahwa berita diartikan sebagai suatu penutur secara benar yang tidak memihak dari fakta yang mempunyai arti penting dan kejadiannya baru terjadi serta dapat menarik perhatian pembaca surat kabar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 489, "width": 204, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Berita Olahraga Supandi (dalam Rosdiani, 2013:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 516, "width": 187, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60) mengemukakan bahwa olahraga merupakan setiap kegiatan jasmani yang dilandasi semangat perjuangan melawan diri sendiri, orang lain atau unsur alam, jika dipertandingkan dilaksanakan secara kesatria dan juga merupakan sarana pendidikan pribadi yang ampuh menuju peningkatan kualitas hidup yang lebih luhur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 640, "width": 187, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berita olahraga meliputi seluruh kegiatan olahraga termasuk cabang- cabang olahraga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 682, "width": 205, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Aspek Gramatikal Kohesi gramatikal adalah piranti atau penanda kohesi yang melibatkan pengguna unsur-unsur kaidah bahasa yang menghubungkan ide", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 75, "width": 187, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "antarkalimat dan cukup terbatas ragamnya. Pendapat lain mengatakan kohesi gramatikal adalah perpaduan wacana dari segi bentuk atau struktur lahir wacana Sumarlam (dalam Zulaiha 2014: 58). “Grammatical aspect refers to grammaticalized linguistic devices, often in the form of inflections and/or auxiliaries (e.g., English -ed and be V-ing), that allow the speaker to impose a bounded or unbounded perspective on a situation or event (hence, the term viewpoint aspect as well; see Smith, 1997)”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 268, "width": 187, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penanda aspek gramatikal ini terdiri dari, pengacuan (referensi), penyulihan (substitusi), penghilangan (elipsis), dan kata penghubung (konjungsi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 337, "width": 205, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Ciri kebahasaan Bahasa jurnalistik yang baik adalah bahasa yang mampu mengedepankan informasi dan makna yang utuh dari setiap tulisan jurnalistik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 420, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 433, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 447, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian, maka penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Menurut Lofland (dalam Moleong, 2012: 157) sumber data utama pada penelitian kualitatif adalah kata dan tindakan, selebihnya adalah berupa data tambahan seperti dokumen dan lain- lain.Menurut Maleong, 2005: 6 dalam Nasrulloah Agung mengemukakan bahwa penelitian kualitatif adalah penelitian untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami subjek, secara holistik dengan cara deskriptif dalam bentuk kata dan bahasa pada suatu konteks khusus. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah berita olahraga “Sportainment” edisi Maret -April 2018.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi dokumentasi, yang jenis datanya berupa dokumen tertulis. Menurut Suharsimi (dalam sudaryono dkk, 2013: 30) instrumen merupakan alat bantu yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipilih oleh peneliti dalam kegiatan mengumpulkannya agar lebih sistematis dan lebih mudah. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 130, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.1. Tabulasi Data Kohesi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 144, "width": 201, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gramatikal No Aspek Kutipan Analisis 1 Referensi 2 Substitusi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 201, "width": 208, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Ellipsis 4 Konjungsi Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis isi (content analysis) yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti sebuah dokumen tertulis.Penilitian inimenggunakan beberapa prosedur dalam tahap penyelesaian penelitian yaitu tahap persiapan penelitian, tahap pelaksanaan penelitian dan tahap penyelesaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 368, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 381, "width": 208, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Aspek Gramatikal Referensi Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT” Edisi Maret -", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 423, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aapril 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 436, "width": 187, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengacuan atau referensi merupakan satu jenis kohesi gramatikal yang berupa satuan lingual tertentu yang mengacu pada satuan lingual yang lain baik mendahului maupun mengikuti. Referensi dibagi menjadi 3 bagian yaitu referensi persona, referensi demonstratif dan referensi komparatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 561, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.2 Gramatikal pengacuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 343, "top": 574, "width": 151, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "persona No Gramatikal Pengacuan Persona Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Dia 36 2 Saya 38 3 Kami 27 4 Mereka 27 5 -nya 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 75, "width": 156, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.3 Gramatikal pengacuan demonstratif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 103, "width": 156, "height": 194, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Gramatikal Pengacuan demonstratif Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Ini 51 2 Itu 65 3 Di sisni 1 Tabel 1.4 Gramatikal pengacuan komparatif No Gramatikal Pengacuan Komparatif Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Lain 10 2 Selain 6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 107, "top": 314, "width": 173, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang terkumpul pada aspek gramatikal referensi ini yaitu sebanyak 263 data, yang terdiri dari 130 data dari referensi persona, sebanyak 117 data dari referensi demonstratif, dan sebanyak 16 data dari referensi komparatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 424, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Aspek Gramatikal Penyulihan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 438, "width": 187, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Subtitusi) Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 466, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Edisi Maret-Aapril 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 479, "width": 187, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sering kali kita menjumpai penyulihanpada kehidupan sehari hari bahkan dalam penggunaannya banyak orang hampir semua menggunakannya dalam percakapan secara lisan maupun tulisan. Penggunaan subtitusi ini merupakan penggantian suatu unsur tertentu dalam wacana.Subtitusi merupakan penggantian suatu unsur atau kata dengan unsur kata yang lain yang mengacu pada realitas yang sama dalam teks (Sumarlam,ed 2008:86).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 659, "width": 162, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.5 Gramatikal penyulihan No Gramatikal Penyulihan Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Mereka 2 2 Dia 25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 75, "width": 187, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang terkumpul pada penelitian aspek gramatikal substitusi yaitu sebanyak 27 data yang menunjuk orang pada orang yang telah disebut pada kalimat sebelumnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 171, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Aspek Gramatikal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 171, "width": 201, "height": 359, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelesapan (Elipsis) Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT” Edisi Maret-Aapril 2018 Dalam sebuah wacana dibutuhkan sebagaian penghilangan kata atau kalimat karena agar dapat menimbulkan kesan lebih menarik pada waana tersebut dan juga untuk mencapai efektivitas dan memadatkan sebuah katanya.Pelesapan (elipsis) adalah penghilangan sebuah kata atau bagian dari kalimat, secara gramatikal elipsis dekat dengan subtitusi dan digunakan untuk kepraktisan serta efektivitas kalimat untuk mencapai kepaduan wacana (Sumarlam, 2008:193). Tabel 1.6 Gramatikal pelesapan afiksasi No Gramatikal Pelesapan Afiksasi Jumlah Penggunaan 1 -Nya 2 2 Men- 6 3 Ber- 1 4 Se- 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 75, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1.7 Gramatikal pelesapan kata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 89, "width": 161, "height": 482, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Gramatikal pelesapan kata Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Harus 1 2 Dua 1 3 Dan 1 4 Mendapat 2 5 Juga 1 6 Melakukan 1 7 Ia 1 8 Laganya 1 9 Persaingan 1 10 Selalu 2 11 Menjadi 5 12 Bagi 2 13 Penuh 1 14 Seorang 1 15 Mempunyai 1 16 Klub 1 17 Membuat 1 18 Sampai 1 19 Tidak 1 20 Bermain 1 21 Merangkap 1 22 Berhasil 1 23 Gol 1 24 Mengalami 1 25 Kesulitan 1 26 Pengalaman 1 27 Terhenti 1 28 Karena 1 29 Sehingga 1 30 Mereka 3 31 Tetapi 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 588, "width": 187, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang terkumpul pada penelitian aspek gramatikal ellipsis ini yaitu sebanyak 50 data, yang terdiri dari 10 data pada pelesapan afiksasi dan sebanyak 40 data pada pelesapan kata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 209, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Aspek Gramatikal Perangkaian (Konjungsi) Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 116, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Edisi Maret-Aapril 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 337, "top": 130, "width": 187, "height": 232, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konjungsi merupakan sebuah penghubung kata yang satu dengan lainnya atau kalimat dari sebuah wacana.Setiap orang dalam sehari-hari berbahasa lisan maupun tulisan sering menggunakan konjungsi sebagi rangkain kata yang diucapnya.Konjungsi dibagi menjadi 3 bagian yaitu konjungsi kordinatif, konjungsi subordinatif dan konjungsi korelatif. Tabel 1.8 Gramatikal konjungsi kordinatif No Aspek Gramatikal Konjungsi Kordinatif Jumlah Penggunaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 343, "top": 365, "width": 180, "height": 352, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Dan 54 2 Atau 6 3 Juga 12 Tabel 1.9 Gramatikal konjungsi subordinatif No Aspek Gramatikal Konjungsi Subordinatif Jumlah Penggunaan 1 Dengan 44 2 Karena 12 3 Tetapi 2 4 Bahwa 9 5 Namun 8 6 Memang 10 7 Misalnya 2 8 Lalu 19 9 Apalagi 5 10 Padahal 2 11 Sebab 10 12 Meski 13 13 Jadi 3 14 Bahkan 4 15 Tapi 9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang terkumpul pada penelian aspek gramatikal konjungsi ini yaitu sebanyak 224 data, yang terdiri dari sebanyak 72 data pada konjungsi kordinatif dan sebanyak 152 data pada konjungsi subordinatif. Untuk konjungsi korelatif tidak terdapat data satupun karena untuk konuungsi korelatif tidak terdapat pada bacaan berita olahraga di koran tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Ciri Kebahasaan Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT” Edisi Maret - Aapril 2018 Penelitian yang berjudul", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 323, "width": 186, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek Gramatikal Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “Sportainment”", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 351, "width": 187, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Edisi Maret-April 2018, peneliti telah mendeskripsikan bahasa yang terdapat pada koran tersebut. Bahasa pada koran “Sportainment” tersebut menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana, singkat, padat, lugas, jelas, jernih, menarik dan demokratis. Hal ini sesuai dengan teori Syarifudin Yunus bahwa ciri-ciri bahasa jurnalistik diantaranya sederhana, singkat, padat, lugas, jelas, jernih, menarik dan demokratis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 516, "width": 187, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri yang pertama yaitu sederhana. Maksudnya ialah pemilihan pada kata dan penyusunan kalimatnya yang begitu sederhana membuat pembaca secara mudah langsung mengetahui apa makna dari bacaanya. Ciri bahasa yang kedua yaitu singkat.Istilah singkat diartikan apabila dibaca tidak terlalu membutuhkan waktu yang lama atau boros waktu dan tidak membuat bosan pembacanya.Beritanyapun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 668, "width": 187, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "juga langsung ke pokok permasalah tanpa membingungkan pembaca.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 709, "width": 187, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri yang ketiga yaitu padat, dikatakan padat karena bacaan tersebut dipenuhi dengan informasi-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 75, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "informasi penting dan menarik yang tentunya sangat menarik hati pembaca.Ciri bahasa yang keempat ialah lugas, dikatakan lugas karena pemberitaan informasinya tidak membingungkan pembaca, maknanya juga sesuai dengan yang dituju.Sehingga pembaca mampu memaknainya dengan mudah tanpa harus terjadi suatu kesalahan pemaknaan pada saat membacanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 226, "width": 187, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri yang kelima ialah jelas.Artinya dari segi penyusunan kata-kata, susunan kalimat dan maknanya sangat jelas sehingga dapat dipahami pembaca dengan mudah.Ciri yang keenam ialah jernih.Artinya penulisan informasi yang dimuat pada korantersebut murni dan benar adanya kenyataannya tanpa menyembunyikan sesuatupun.Sehingga ketika pembaca menangkap maknanya tidak menimbulkan fitnah atau prasangka negatif terhadap yang dibicarakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 406, "width": 187, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri yang selanjutnya ialah menarik.Artinyapada bacaan tersebut terdapat suatu rasa dimana pembaca itu langsung bangkit tertarik ingin mengetahui tentang maksud kelanjutan beritanya.Ciri yang terakhir yaitu demokratis.Artinya bahasa tersebut berlaku untuk semua golongan pembaca tanpa membeda- bedakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 530, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "statusnya ataupun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 544, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "golongannya.Jadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 481, "top": 544, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "siapapun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 558, "width": 186, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diperbolehkan untuk membacanya guna untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang dunia olahraga maupun yang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 627, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 640, "width": 208, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian dengan judul Aspek Gramatikal Dalam Berita Olahraga Di Koran “SPORTAINMENT” Edisi Maret-April 2018 dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 709, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Referensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 723, "width": 187, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Merupakan suatu hubungan antara kata dan benda, seperti kata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 75, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 75, "width": 187, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bendanya.Referensi terdiri dari tiga macam yaitu referensi personayang merupakan kata ganti orang ke 1, 2 dan 3, referensi demonstratif yang merupakan suatu kata petunjuk yang menggantikan nomina yang terdiri dari demonstratif tunggal, turunan, gabungan dan reduplikasi, dan yang terakhir komparatif suatu pembanding yang membandingkan orang yang dibicarakan dengan kalimat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 240, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebelumnya maupun sesudahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 254, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Substitusi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 268, "width": 187, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu penggantian unsur atau kata yang digantikan dengan kata yang lain seperti kata ganti orang, tempat, maupun yang lain, yang menunjukkan kata sebelumnya dan memiliki arti yang sama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 351, "width": 205, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Ellipsis Sebuah wacana yang mudah dipahami, lebih menarik perhatian pembaca dan juga lebih padat kata- katanya perlu dilakukannya sebuah pelesapan pada huruf maupun kata- kata yang terdapat pada wacana tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 461, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Konjungsi Merupakan sebuah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 489, "width": 187, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penghubung yang sangat diperlukan dalam perangkaian kalimat agar kalimat tersebut lebih erat maknanya.Konjungsi terdiri dari konjungsu kordinatif, konjungsi subordinatif dan juga konjungsi korelatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 585, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Ciri kebahasaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 599, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah bahasa selalu mempunyai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ciri tersendiri di dalamnya.Bahasa jurnalistikpun juga mempunyai ciri bahasa tersendiri di dalamnya. Dengan banyaknya ciri-ciri pada bahasa membuat bahasa itu semakin kaya, semakin mencerminkan bahwa mempelajari bahasa tidak boleh hanya terpacu pada satu ciri dan satu ragamnya saja melainkan semua yang terdapat pada bahasa patut kita pelajari dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 102, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 116, "width": 209, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berry, Tanya R. 2007. SARS Wars: An Examination of the Quantity and Construction of Health Information in the News Media. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs /10.1080/10410230701283322 Diunduh 1 September 2018 .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 226, "width": 208, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lubis, H.H. (2011). Analisis Wacana Pragmatik. Bandung: Angkasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 268, "width": 209, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masyhuri, Hamidah, Suharto, V. Teguh, dan Winarsih, Eni. 2015. ANALISIS KUMPULAN “100 CERITA RAKYAT NUSANTARA” KARYA DIAN KRISTIANI (KAJIAN NILAI EDUKASI DAN NILAI BUDAYA).Volume 03, Nomor 2, Des", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 378, "width": 179, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2015 file:///C:/Users/musttoko/Downl oads/2110-5035-1-SM.pdf diunduh 1 September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 433, "width": 208, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moleong, Lexy J. (2012).Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 489, "width": 209, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasrulloah, S. Agung. 2013. KELAS SOSIAL DALAM PERKAWINAN MUSTAQIMAH KARYA ZULFAISAL PUTERA. (Volume 01, Nomor 1, Juni 2013). http://ejournal.unipma.ac.id/in dex.php/widyabastra/article/view/11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 585, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58/972", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 613, "width": 208, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rosdini, Dini. (2013). Dinamika Olahraga dan Pengembangan Nilai. Bandung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 640, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 668, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suryawati, Indah. (2011). Jurnalistik Suatu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 344, "top": 682, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengantar Teori dan Praktik. Bogor:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 696, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 723, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sudaryono,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 723, "width": 180, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M., Gaguk, dan R., Wardani.(2013). Pengembangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 755, "width": 253, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Widyabastra , Volume 07, Nomor 1, Jun 2019", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 75, "width": 179, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen Penelitian Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumarlam. (2008). Analisis Wacana Lagu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 130, "width": 180, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Puisi Cerpen Novel Drama. Bandung: Pakar Karya.Sumaryanto.2012. pembentukan Karakter Melalui", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 185, "width": 180, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Olahraga. ( http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/fil es/pengabdian/dr-sumaryanto- mkes/olahraga.pdf ) diunduh 2 Mei 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 268, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutopo,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 268, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H.B. (2002). Metodologi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 282, "width": 180, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian Kualitatif. Surakarta: Sebelas Maret University Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 323, "width": 208, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yunus, Syarifudin. (2010). Jurnalistik Terapan.Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yoce, A. D. (2014). Analisis Wacana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 378, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kritis dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 204, "top": 378, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multiperspektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 392, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandung: PT Refika Aditama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 420, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "YAP, FOONG HA, dkk. 2009. Aspectual asymmetries in the mental representation of events: Role of lexical and grammatical", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 475, "width": 178, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "aspect. https://link.springer.com/cont ent/pdf/10.3758%2FMC.37.5.587.pd f diunduh 1 September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 208, "height": 177, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zulaiha, W.P. (2014). Analisis Kohesi Gramatikal dan Leksikal dalam Novel Jemini Karya Suparto Brata. (Jurnal program studi pendidikan bahasa dan sastra jawa_Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo Vol 05 nomor 01 Agustus 2014).( http://download.portalgaruda. org/article.php?article=179129&val= 616&title=Analisis-kohesi- gramatikal-dan-leksikal-dalam- novel-jemini-karya-Suparto-Brata ) diunduh 2 Mei 2018.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 114, "width": 312, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIQAB (CADAR) DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 249, "top": 134, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Khoirul Ulumuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 155, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 197, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Muamalat), Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Wahid Hasyim Semarang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 238, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 252, "width": 400, "height": 178, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The conception of the niqab (veil) itself is a matter of ikhtilafiyah. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to study further by using the approach and study of the opinions of scholars about the use of veils for Muslim women. The purpose of this study is (1) To find out the meaning and characteristics of the niqab (veil) (2) To find out the history of the use of niqab (veil) for Muslim women (3) To find out the view of Islamic law on the use of niqab (veil) for Muslim women. This type of research is a literary (library research), because the data collected is obtained entirely from library data which is considered relevant to the research problem formulation and is a qualitative research category. The reason is, the data is presented in verbal form rather than data arranged in numbers. While this research approach uses a legal approach, which examines problems using Islamic law studies. The results showed that: (1) The veil can be understood as women's clothing covering the head and face, so that only the two eyes are visible.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 431, "width": 400, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) The history of the use of the niqab (veil) was well known among the ancient nations, long before the advent of Islam, and was more attached to the Persians, especially in Iran. (3) The view of Islamic law on the use of niqab (veil) for Muslim women is a matter of khilafiyah, some are obligatory and some are not, each cleric has a strong argument, so that this becomes our option to choose, not even blame or even blaspheme the opinion that does not suit us.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 535, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Islamic law; khilafiyah; Niqab (veil)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 576, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 597, "width": 371, "height": 116, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menutup aurat merupakan suatu kewajiban bagi setiap muslim baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, hanya saja yang masih menjadi kontroversi adalah tentang aurat wanita khususnya tentang penggunaan cadar, yang mana cadar digunakan bersama jilbab sebagai penutup wajah yang menyisakan penampakan kedua mata saja bahkan telapak tanganpun harus ditutupi pula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 721, "width": 371, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akhir-akhir ini banyak wanita muslim di Indonesia yang semangat dalam beragamanya besar tanpa dibarengi dengan dasar ilmu agama yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 371, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memadahi, biasanya meraka menyebutnya dengan istilah hijrah , mereka menganggap bahwa wanita muslim yang bercadar itulah muslimah yang sempurna dalam melaksanakan agamanya, sehingga tidak sedikit dari mereka merendahkan dan mencela kepada wanita muslim yang tidak memakai cadar. Begitu sebaliknya, muslimah yang berjilbab dan tidak memakai cadar berasumsi cadar sebagai simbol dari wanita yang eksklusif dan tetoris, karena akhir-akhir ini, beberapa kejadian terorisme dilakukan oleh wanita yang bercadar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 279, "width": 371, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa cadar merupakan versi lanjutan dari penggunaan jilbab, dalam studi tafsir Islam sendiri dalil-dalil yang mengatur mengenai wajib atau tidaknya penggunaan cadar masih diperdebatkan. Namun satu hal yang pasti, penggunaan cadar membawa konsekuensi penolakan lebih besar dari jilbab. Selain persoalan stigma yang dilekatkan pada perempuan bercadar yakni aliran Islam fundamental yang erat juga kaitannya dengan terorisme, cadar kini juga menghadapi penolakan teknis terutama yang berkaitan dengan pelayanan publik. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 445, "width": 371, "height": 261, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberitaan tentang polemik cadar tersebut, turut mengundang tanggapan dari dosen Antropologi Budaya King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia , Prof. Sumanto Al-Qurtuby. Menurut Al-Qurtuby sebagaimana dikutip dalam Kompasiana, bahwa cadar bukanlah sebuah kewajiban dalam Islam. Cadar lahir dari budaya dan situasi dan kondisi sosial serta lingkungan Timur Tengah, jauh sebelum kelahiran Islam. Cadar pun dipakai oleh berbagai umat beragama, serta bukan sebagai tanda khas seorang perempuan Islam atau Muslimah. Karenanya, surat pemberitahuan yang diterbitkan pada bulan Februari tersebut menurut Sumanto, merupakan alasan yang masuk akal dan praktis demi keamanan. Lanjutnya, UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta ingin menunjukkan kepada dunia bahwa moralitas, spiritualitas, dan kedewasaan iman seorang Muslimah, tak tergantung pada ia bercadar atau tidak. Sebaliknya, dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Ratri, Lintang, “ Cadar, Media dan Identitas Perempuan Muslim ”, Forum: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Sosial , Vol. 39, No. 2, 2011, hlm. 29.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 371, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bercadar, bisa membangun paradigma yang negatif tentang cadar, bahwa di balik cadar tersebut tersimpan wajah-wajah kekerasan dan radikalisme. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 155, "width": 372, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan adanya fenomena di atas, konsepsi mengenai cadar ( niqab ) sendiri sebagai bentuk ketaatan dalam beragama masih banyak mengalami perdebatan karena merupakan masalah ikhtilafiyah dikalangan ahli fiqh, sehingga perlu dikaji lebih mendalam dengan mempertimbangkan dampak manfaatnya dan madharatnya. Maka dari itu, peneliti terdorong untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan pengkajian pendapat para ulama tentang ikhtilafiyah pemakaian cadar bagi wanita muslimah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 321, "width": 372, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini problem yang dikaji adalah tentang mengetahui Konsepsi, karakteristik dan sejarah tentang niqab (cadar), dan bagaimana pandangan hukum Islam terhadap pemakaian niqab (cadar) bagi muslimah. Oleh karena itu, penulis akan memapaparkan beberapa uraian yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan tersebut, sebagai pedoman yang digunakan dalam solusi penetapan hukum Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 486, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini merupakan literer ( library research ), menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisis hukum Islam, yakni mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji permasalah menggunakan kajian hukum Islam, kemudian menganalisisnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 590, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 611, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Pengertian Niqab (Cadar)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 631, "width": 344, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Niqab (Cadar) berasal dari bahasa arab ( باق ن ) yang dalam kamus Munawir mempunyai arti kain tutup muka. Biasanya niqab terdiri dari kain yang terpisah dari kain jilbab, guna menutup wajah seorang perempuan, melengkapi sisa wajah yang tidak tertutup oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 721, "width": 400, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Adhe Retno, “Pencerahan dari Sumanto Al Qurtuby tentang Cadar”, Kompasiana, Edisi 9. 2018 dalam Lisa Aisiyah Rasyid dan Rosdalina Bukido, ” Problemtika Hukum Cadar Dalam Islam...... hlm. 77.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "jilbab. Istilah niqab oleh orang Indonesia sering dikenal dengan sebutan cadar. Cara berpakaian semacam ini, biasa dilakukan oleh perempuan muslimah Arab Saudi dan beberapa penduduk negara Timur Tengah. Model dari niqab tidak begitu banyak, ada yang hanya selembar kain secukupnya untuk menutup wajah yang memanjang kearah bawahdagu. Ada yang lembar kain besar sekalian untuk kerudung dan jubah yang menutup sekujur tubuh perempuan, sebagai lapisan luar yang menutup pakaian lapisan dalam. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 279, "width": 343, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Istilah kata niqab tidak terdapat dalam al Qur’an, yang ada hanya sebutan jilbab, 4 sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam QS. Al Ahzab: 59 sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 350, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                       ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 395, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "               ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 433, "width": 343, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yang artinya: Wahai Nabi, Katakanlah kepada isteri-isterimu, anak-anak perempuanmu dan isteri-isteri orang mukmin: \"Hendaklah mereka mengulurkan jilbabnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 516, "width": 343, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain jilbab yang terdapat dalam al Qur’an adalah khumur (kerudung) sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam QS. An Nur: 31 sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 586, "width": 302, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 631, "width": 266, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                            ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 669, "width": 343, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yang artinya: Katakanlah kepada wanita yang beriman: \"Hendaklah mereka menahan pandangannya, dan kemaluannya, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 727, "width": 363, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Fadlolan Musyaffa’, Jilbab Yes, Niqob No, Semarang: Pustaka Ilmu, Cet. I, 2019, hlm. 2.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 135, "top": 739, "width": 55, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Ibid , hlm. 3.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "janganlah mereka Menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya. dan hendaklah mereka menutupkan kain kerudung kedadanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 176, "width": 343, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Mulhandi Ibn Haj Cadar adalah kain penutup muka atau sebagian wajah wanita, minimal untuk menutupi hidung dan mulut, sehingga hanya matanya saja yang tampak. Dalam bahasa Arab, cadar disebut dengan khimar, niqab , sinonim dengan burqa’ . 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 259, "width": 343, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara dalam Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), cadar berarti kain penutup kepala atau muka (bagi perempuan). 6 Dengan demikian, Cadar dapat dipahami sebagai pakaian perempuan yang menutupi bagian kepala dan wajah, sehingga yang nampak hanya kedua mata saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 362, "width": 208, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Sejarah Pemakaian Niqab (Cadar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 383, "width": 343, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Qurash Shihab mengungkapkan dalam bukunya, bahwa memakai pakaian tertutup bukanlah monopoli masyarakat Arab, dan bukan pula berasal dari budaya mereka. 7 Menurut Murtada Mutahhari mengatakan bahwa pakaian penutup (seluruh badan wanita termasuk cadar) telah dikenal di kalangan bangsa-bangsa kuno, jauh sebelum datangnya Islam, dan lebih melekat pada orang-orang Persia, khususnya di Iran, dibandingkan dengan di tempat-tempat lain, bahkan lebih keras tuntutannya daripada yang diajarkan oleh Islam. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 548, "width": 343, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahkan tokoh lain berpendapat bahwa orang-orang Arab meniru orang Persia yang mengikuti agama Zardasyt yang menilai wanita sebagai makhluk tidak suci, karena itu mereka diharuskan menutup mulut dan hidungnya dengan sesuatu apa saja agar nafas mereka tidak mengotori api suci yang mereka jadikan sebagai sesembahan agama Persia lama. Orang-orang Arab meniru juga masyarakat Byzantium", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 681, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Lisa Aisiyah Rasyid dan Rosdalina Bukido, ” Problemtika Hukum Cadar Dalam Islam: Sebuah Tinjauan Normatif-Historis”, Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Syir’ah, Vol. 16 No. 1, 2018, hlm. 77.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 704, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Digital , Versi 1.1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 721, "width": 360, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Quraish Shihab, Jilbab Pakaian Wanita Muslimah, Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2018, hlm. 37.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Murtadha Muthahari, Gaya Hidup Wanita Islam , ter. Agus Efendi, Alwiyah Abdurrahman, Bandung: Mizan, 1990, hlm. 34.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Romawi) yang memingit wanita di dalam rumah, ini bersumber dari masyarakat Yunani kuno yang ketika itu pemisahan rumah-rumah mereka menjadi dua bagian dimana masing-masing berdiri sendiri, satu untuk pria dan satu lainnya untuk wanita. Di dalam masyarakat Arab, tradisi ini sangat kukuh pada masa pemerintahan Al Walid II yang menetapkan bagian khusus buat wanita di rumah-rumah. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 238, "width": 343, "height": 386, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa Jahiliyah dan awal masa Islam, wanita-wanita di Jazirah Arabiah memakai pakaian yang pada dasarnya mengundang kekaguman pria, di samping untuk menampik udara panas yang merupakan iklim umum padang pasir. Meskipun mereka juga memakai kerudung, akan tetapi kerudung tersebut hanya diletakkan di kepala dan biasanya terulur ke belakang, sehingga dada dan kalung yang menghiasi leher mereka tampak dengan jelas. Bahkan boleh jadi sedikit dari daerah buah dada dapat terlihat karena longgar atau terbukanya baju mereka. Telinga dan leher mereka juga dihiasi anting dan kalung. Celak sering mereka gunakan untuk menghiasi mata mereka. Kaki dan tangan mereka dihiasi dengan gelang yang bergerincing ketika berjalan. Telapak tangan dan kaki mereka sering kali juga diwarnai dengan pacar. Alis mereka pun dicabut dan pipi mereka dimerahkan, tak ubahnya seperti wanita-wanita masa kini, meskipun cara mereka masih sangat tradisional. Mereka juga memberi perhatian terhadap rambut yang sering kali mereka sambung dengan guntingan rambut wanita lain. Setelah Islam datang, al-Qura’n dan Sunnah berbicara tentang pakaian dan memberi tuntunan menyangkut caracara memakainya. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 631, "width": 344, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketentuan penggunaan cadar juga sudah dikenal di beberapa kota tua seperti Babilonia, Mesopotamia (Mediterania) dan Asyiria. Dalam papan-papan poengumuman mereka terdapat peraturan hijab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Quraish Shihab, Jilbab Pakaian Wanita Muslimah, dalam Rahmi Ekawati, Cadar Dalam Perspektif Syariah dan Budaya, Skripsi, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Alauddin Makasar, 2018, hlm. 41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 Quraish Shihab, Op. Cit., hlm. 42-43.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 220, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagi perempuan terhormat wajib menggunakan hijab maupun jilbab di ruang publik, sebaliknya hamba wanita dan pelacur tidak boleh menggunakannya. Maka ketika para hamba dan pelacur ini memakai jilbab akan dikenakan hukuman berat atasnya. Hukuman itu berupa merekah telinga hamba dan menyebat pelacur tersebut 50 kali sebatan serta menuangkan aspal panas di atas kepalanya. Perkembangan selanjutnya hijab dan jilbab menjadi simbol kelas menengah atas masyarakat kawasan tersebut. Demikian pula di beberapa kota penting di zaman Romawi dan Yunani juga sudah menggunakan kostum yang menutupi seluruh tubuh wanita, kecuali satu bola mata untuk melihat. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 341, "width": 346, "height": 345, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Nasaruddin Umar, bahwa tradisi jilbab dan pemisahan wanita ( seclusion of women ) bukan tradisi asli bangsa Arab, bahkan suatu ketika dahulu bukan juga tradisi Talmud dan Bibel, dalam hal ini ikut menjadi satu fenomena yang tak terelakkan. Tokoh-tokoh penting dalam Bibel, seperti Rebekah yang mengenakan jilbab berasal dari etnik Mesopotamia di mana jilbab merupakan pakaian adat di sana. Jilbab yang semula tradisi Mesopotamia-Persi dan pemisahan lelaki-wanita merupakan tradisi Hellenistik- Byzantium, menyebar menembus batas geokultural. Tidak terkecuali bagian utara dan timur Jazirah Arab seperti Damaskus dan Baghdad yang pernah menjadi ibu Negara politik Islam zaman Dinasti Mu„awiyah dan Abbasiyah. Oleh karena itu institusionalisasi jilbab dan pemisahan perempuan mengkristal, yaitu ketika dunia Islam bersentuhan dengan peradaban Byzantium dan Persi di kedua kota penting tersebut. Pada periode ini, jilbab yang tadinya merupakan pakaian pilihan ( occasional costume ) mendapatkan kepastian hukum ( institutionalized ) menjadi pakaian bagi perempuan Islam. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 721, "width": 400, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Keterangan panjang mengenai sejarah hijab /jilbab dalam peradaban kuno, Lihat Rahmi Ekawati, Op. Cit., hlm. 43 12 Nasaruddin Umar , Fenomenologi jilbab . Kompas. 20 Feb 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 199, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sementara pakar menyebut beberapa alasan yang diduga mengakibatkan adanya keharusan bagi wanita untuk memakai pakaian tertutup. 13 Alasan pertama adalah alasan filosofis yang berpusat pada kecenderungan ke arah kerahiban dan perjuangan melawan kenikmatan demi melawan nafsu manusiawi. Alasan kedua adalah alasan keamanan. Pada masa lalu, yang kuat sering kali merampas, tidak hanya harta orang lain, tetapi juga istrinya, apalagi istrinya cantik. Alasan ketiga adalah alasan ekonomi. Mereka menduga bahwa lelaki mengeksploitasi wanita dengan menugaskan mereka melakukan aktivitas untuk kepentingan lelaki. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 321, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) Hukum Islam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 198, "top": 341, "width": 315, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hukum Islam secara etimologi terdiri dari dari dua kata, yaitu hukum dan Islam. Hukum dalam kamus al Munawir adalah bentuk mufrad kata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 383, "width": 316, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari kata jamak ا yang berarti putusan, ketetapan, kekuasaan, sedangkan Islam berasal dari fi’il tsulasi mujarad - - ا - yang berarti selamat. Sedangkan secara terminologi hukum Islam adalah sistem kaidah-kaidah yang didasarkan pada wahyu Allah SWT dan Sunnah Rasul mengenai tingkah laku mukallaf (orang yang sudah dapat dibebani kewajiban) yang diakui dan diyakini, yang mengikat bagi semua pemeluknya. Dan hal ini mengacu pada apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Rasul untuk melaksanakannya secara total, baik berupa kepercayaan (aqidah) atau berkaitan dengan perbuatan (amaliyah) manusia. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 611, "width": 316, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hukum Islam secara garis besar bersumber dari dua hal, yaitu sumber hukum yang bersifat naqly dan sumber hukum yang bersifat aqly. Sumber hukum Islam yang bersifat aqly adalah al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits, sedangkan hukum Islam yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 710, "width": 146, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Quraish Shihab, Op. Cit., hlm. 38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 721, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Ibid ., hlm. 41.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 378, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Eva iryani, Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi , Vol.17 No.2 Tahun 2017, hlm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 198, "top": 114, "width": 315, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bersifat aqly adalah hasil usaha menemukan hukum dengan mengutamakan olah pikir dengan beragam metodenya, yaitu ijmak dan qiyas. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 176, "width": 278, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(b) Niqab (Cadar) Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 198, "top": 197, "width": 315, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berbicara tentang cadar, berarti membicarakan tentang aurat wanita muslim, berkenaan dengan hal tersebut para ulama berbeda pendapat. Yang pertama menyatakan bahwa seluruh tubuh wanita tanpa terkecuali adalah aurat, oleh karena itu mucul pendapat wajibnya memakai cadar, sedangkan pendapat kedua mengecualikan wajah dan telapak tangan. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 321, "width": 224, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Dalil yang Mewajibkan Memakai Cadar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 341, "width": 313, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Firman Allah SWT di dalam al-Qur’an pada surat al- Ahzaab (33) ayat 59, sebagaimana berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 391, "width": 254, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                          ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 437, "width": 226, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                     ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 482, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                          ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 520, "width": 315, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Wahai Nabi, Katakanlah kepada isteri-isterimu, anak- anak perempuanmu dan isteri-isteri orang mukmin; Hendaklah mereka mengulurkan jilbabnya ke seluruh tubuh mereka. yang demikian itu supaya mereka lebih mudah untuk dikenal, karena itu mereka tidak di ganggu. dan Allah adalah Maha Pengampun lagi Maha Penyayang.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 644, "width": 315, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di dalam kitab Tafsir Jalalain dijelaskan bahwa lafadz بي ب ج merupakan jamak dari lafadz با ج yang mempunyai arti pakaian yang dipakai wanita yang menutupi wajahnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 721, "width": 399, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16 Abd. Shomad, Hukum Islam: Penormaan Prisip Syariah dalam Hukum Indonesia , Jakarta: Kencana, Edisi Revisi, Cet. III, 2017, hlm. 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Quraish Shihab, Op. Cit., hlm. 63.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 198, "top": 112, "width": 312, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kecuali matanya saja, ketika ia keluar karena ada keperluan. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 134, "width": 314, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maksudnya menutupi seluruh tubuhnya, yang mana tidak nampak dari dirinya kecuali mata saja untuk melihat. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 176, "width": 315, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Firman Allah SWT di dalam al-Qur’an pada surat An-Nur (24) ayat: 31, sebagaimana berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 225, "width": 279, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                         ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 271, "width": 283, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 317, "width": 280, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                    ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 362, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 408, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 454, "width": 281, "height": 58, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                                                                                                               ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 545, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "                                                                       ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 591, "width": 69, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "          ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 628, "width": 315, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Katakanlah kepada wanita yang beriman: \"Hendaklah mereka menahan pandangannya, dan kemaluannya, dan janganlah mereka menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya. dan hendaklah mereka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 721, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 Jalaluddin Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Mahally dan Jalaluddin Abdurrahman bin Abi Bakar al-Suyuthy, Tafsir Jalalain, Bairut: Jamik al-Huquq, tt., hlm. 308. 19 Fadlolan Musyaffa’, Op.Cit., hlm. 107.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 198, "top": 114, "width": 315, "height": 261, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menutupkan kain kudung kedadanya, dan janganlah Menampakkan perhiasannya kecuali kepada suami mereka, atau ayah mereka, atau ayah suami mereka, atau putera-putera mereka, atau putera-putera suami mereka, atau saudara- saudara laki-laki mereka, atau putera-putera saudara lelaki mereka, atau putera-putera saudara perempuan mereka, atau wanita-wanita Islam, atau budak- budak yang mereka miliki, atau pelayan-pelayan laki-laki yang tidak mempunyai keinginan (terhadap wanita) atau anak-anak yang belum mengerti tentang aurat wanita. dan janganlah mereka memukulkan kakinya agar diketahui perhiasan yang mereka sembunyikan. dan bertaubatlah kamu sekalian kepada Allah, Hai orang-orang yang beriman supaya kamu beruntung.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 383, "width": 315, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan ayat ini terhadap kewajiban berhijab menurut Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin adalah sebagai berikut: 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 445, "width": 315, "height": 137, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Allah Ta’ala memerintahkan wanita-wanita yang beriman untuk menjaga kemaluannya, dan perintah menjaga kemaluan berarti pula perintah melakukan hal-hal yang mengarah padanya. Sehingga bila menutup wajah termasuk sarana untuk menjaga kemaluan, maka berarti ia diperintahkan, karena hukum sarana (wasilah) sama dengan hukum tujuan (maqasid).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 597, "width": 315, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Dalam lafadz “                                          “ yang berarti “ dan janganlah mereka menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya”. Penjelasan ayat ini adalah bahwasannya Allah melarang menampakkan perhiasan secara mutlak kecuali", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin, Op.Cit., hlm. 15-19.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 114, "width": 286, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang biasa nampak. Ibnu Mas’ud mengatakan tentang perhiasan yang biasa nampak adalah jubah dan baju. Bagian ini tidak apa-apa kalau memang terlihat, karena tidak mungkin ditutupi. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 204, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 204, "width": 286, "height": 238, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam lafadz “                                           “ yang berarti “ dan hendaklah mereka menutupkan kain keruudung kedadanya,”. Yang dimaksud dengan kerudung adalah sesuatu yang dipakai wanita untuk menutupi kepalanya. Jadi, apabila wanita diperintahkan untuk menutupkan kerudungnya hingga kedadanya, maka ia pasti diperintahkan untuk menutup wajahnya, bak karena keharusannya demikian atau dengan qiyas. Sebab jika menutup bagian atas dada itu sendiri wajib, maka tentu lebih wajib lagi menutup wajah, karena ia adalah pusat kecantikan dan fitnah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 457, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) Dalam lafadz “                                                ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 502, "width": 288, "height": 196, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "               yang berarti “ dan janganlah mereka memukulkan kakinya agar diketahui perhiasan yang mereka sembunyikan.” Maksudnya adalah janganlah seorang wanita memukul-mukulkan kakinya agar perhiasan yang tersembunyi seperti gelang kaki diketahui orang lain. Jadi, apabila seorang wanita dilarang memukulkan kakinya karena khawatir terjadi fitnah, maka bagaimana dengan membuka wajah? Tentunya lebih besar fitnahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 706, "width": 264, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalil ketiga adalah Hadits Nabi SAW sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21 Fadlolan Musyaffa’, Op.Cit., hlm. 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "103", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 114, "width": 286, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ب ﷺ ا : ج ا ي ا ب ا )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 176, "width": 286, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Dari Ibnu Mas’ud bahwa Nabi saw bersabda, Wanita adalah aurat, maka apabila dia keluar (rumah), setan tampil membelalakkan matanya dan bermaksud buruk terhadapnya” (HR. At-Tirmidzi dan dia menilai hasan gharib) 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 279, "width": 286, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hadits ini menjelaskan bahwa wanita adalah aurat, maka semuanya harus ditutupi, sehingga hadits ini dijadikan sebagai dasar tentang wajibnya menutup wajah atau memakai cadar bagai wanita muslim agar terhindar dari fitnah dari laki-laki yang melihatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 383, "width": 343, "height": 116, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(d) Dalil yang Tidak Mewajibkan Memakai Cadar Dalil al-Qur’an yang menerangkan tentang tidak mewajibkan pemakaian cadar sebenarnya sama dengan dalil yang mewajibkan cadar bagi muslimah, hanya saja berbeda dalam penafsirannya, berikut penafsiran dalil al-Quran yang membolehkan membuka wajah dan kedua telapak tangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 507, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) QS. An-Nur (24) : 31", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 311, "top": 535, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "...                                          ....", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 573, "width": 287, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“... dan janganlah mereka menampakkan perhiasannya, kecuali yang (biasa) nampak dari padanya...”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 615, "width": 286, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penggalan ayat di atas, Ibnu Abbas mengatakan bahwa bagian yang biasa tampak adalah wajah, kedua telapak tangan dan cincin. 23 Sedangkan yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Abi Syaibah, Abdu bin Hamid, Abu Htaim dari Ibnu Abbas adalah raut wajah dan telapak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22 Lihat Quraish Shihab, Op. Cit., hlm. 114.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23 Syaikh Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin, Op.Cit., hlm. 48-49..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "104", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 114, "width": 286, "height": 75, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tangan bagian dalam, ini juga serupa dengan yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibnu Jarir dari Atha’ bahwa yang dimaksud ayat di atas adalah dua telapak tangan dan wajah. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 197, "width": 286, "height": 137, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Begitu juga Imam Quthubi merajihkan pendapat tersebut dengan argumen: jika wajah dan kedua telapak tangan sudah terbiasa kelihatan dalam mu’amalah maupun ibadah, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dalam shalat dan haji, maka pengecualian tersebut sangatlah tepat bila dikembalikan pada wajah dan kedua telapak tangan tidak termasuk aurat yang wajib ditutupi. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 404, "width": 316, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Hadist yang diriwayatkan oleh Abu Dawud dan Al-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 424, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahaihaqi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 445, "width": 283, "height": 57, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ا ا : ب ب ب ا ﷺ ا با ي ا ي ا ﷺ ا : ا ا ي ب ا ا", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 507, "width": 54, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ي ج )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 528, "width": 286, "height": 137, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Dari ‘Aisyah RA, ia berkata : Sesungguhnya Asma’ binti Abu Bakar datang menghadap Rasulullah SAW dengan berpakaian tipis, maka Rasulullah SAW berpaling dan bersabda, “Hai Asma’ Sesungguhnya seorang wanita apabila sudah haid, tidak boleh terlihat padanya melainkan ini dan ini, (beliau sambil mengisyaratkan pada muka dan dua tapak tangan beliau).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 673, "width": 286, "height": 33, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hadits ini dinilai oleh Abu Dawud merupakan hadits mursal , tetapi Syaikh Al Albani menyatakan bahwa hadits", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 198, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24 Lihat Fadlolan Musyaffa’, Op.Cit., hlm. 80-81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "25 Ibid ., hlm. 84.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "105", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 114, "width": 286, "height": 178, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ini dapat dinilai shahih karena banyak riwayat yang senada dengannya. 26 Seperti riwayat mursal shahih dari Qatadah dari Nabi saw bersabda. \"Jika seorang gadis kecil telah haidh, maka tidak pantas terlihat sesuatu darinya kecuali wajahnya dan tangannya sampai pergelangan.\" (Tetapi kemungkinan riwayat ini sama sanadnya dengan riwayat di atas, yaitu Qatadah mendapatkan hadits ini dari Khalid bin Duraik, sehingga tidak dapat menguatkan). Dan juga hadist yang diriwayatkan oleh Imam Muslim,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 300, "width": 287, "height": 365, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahwasannya Subai’ah binti Al-Harits ditinggal mati suaminya sedangkan ia dalam keadaan hamil. Beberapa kemudian, ia melahirkan anaknya. Merasa bahwa dengan itu ia telah bebas dari masa ‘ iddahnya , ia merias diri dan mempercantik wajahnya seraya bersiap-siap menerima para pelamar (yang berniat mengawininya sepeninggal suaminya yang pertama). Seorang dari kalangan sahabat bernama Abu Al-Sanabil mengunjunginya lalu berkata kepanya, “Kulihat engkau berhias! Adakah engkau sudah ingin kawin lagi? Demi Allah, engkau tidak boleh kawin lagi sebelum lewat empat bulan sepuluh hari”. Berkata Subai’ah selanjutnya, “Ketika mendengar ucapannya itu, akupun pergi mengunjungi Rasulullah SAW di sore hari itu, lalu, aku tanyakan tentang hal itu kepada beliau, dan beliau menegaskan kepadaku bahwa sesunggungnya aku telah bebas (dari mas ‘ iddah ) setelah melahirkan kandunganku. Beliaupun mempersilahkan aku melangsungkan perkawinan apabila aku ingin.” 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 673, "width": 286, "height": 33, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengomentari hadits di atas, Muhammad Al- Ghazali dalam bukunya mengatakan bahwasannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 176, "height": 24, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "26 Lihat Quraish Shihab, Op. Cit., hlm. 122. 27 Muhammad Al-Ghazali, Op.Cit ., hlm. 57.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "106", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 114, "width": 286, "height": 240, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perempuan itu telah menghias dirinya, menghitamkan pelupuk matanya dengan celak, dan memerahkan kuku dan telapak tangannya dengan pacar. Sedangkan Abu Al- Sanabil adalah seorang laki-laki asing baginya, ia tidak termasuk mahram dari wanita itu, ia dapat melihat wanita itu dalam make up -nya. Jadi jelas, semua indikasi menunjukkan bahwa lingkungan masa itu adalah lingkungan yang tidak keberatan apabila wanita membiarkan wajahnya terbuka di muka umum. Peristiwa itu terjadi setelah haji wadak, oleh karena itu tidak ada kemungkinan tentang naskh (penghapusan) suatu hukum yang berlaku pada saat itu. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 383, "width": 236, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Niqab (Cadar) dan Budaya di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 404, "width": 371, "height": 178, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan cadar di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih menjadi perdebatan, tentunya ada yang pro dan ada yang kontra, masing-masing mempunyai dalil dan argumentasi yang bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara logis dan ilmiah. Sebenarnya hal itu sangatlah wajar dalam memahami hukum Islam, karena perbedaan pendapat para ulama tentang pemahaman teks-teks Al-Qur’an dan Hadits merupakan suatu keniscayaan dan itu wajar dalam konteks hukum furu’iyah, sehingga perbedaan pendapat itu menjadi opsi bagi kita untuk memilih pendapat mana yang sesuai dengan yang kita inginkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 590, "width": 372, "height": 137, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terlepas dari pedebatan itu, Islam tidak hadir untuk mengeliminasi apapun, kecuali kemunkaran. Islam bersifat menyempurnakannya, apalagi pada budaya, yang diperangi Nabi Muhammad adalah ke-jahiliyah-an tradisi Arab saat itu. Adapun budaya positifnya, justru dilestarikan dengan disempurnakan oleh muatan nilai-nilai Islam. Paradigma Nabi itulah yang kemudian dipegang teguh oleh pendakwah Islam pertama di Nusantara, yakni toleran pada agama lain, akulturatif terhadap budaya Nusantara, serta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 744, "width": 30, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "28 Ibid .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "107", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 371, "height": 178, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terbuka terhadap berbagai nilai kebaikan dari manapun datangnya. Maka, dalam semangat Islam yang berkebudayaan Nusantara, dalam konteks cadar, justru lebih konkrit dan logis jika dikembangkan sebuah upaya untuk melihat cadar dalam konteks relasi Islam sebagai agama dan Indonesia sebagai budaya. Karena memang budaya memiliki ruang besar dalam pertimbangan hukum Islam, dengan berdasarkan kaidah Fikih “ ةمكحم ةداعلا “ . Yang dimaksud dengan kaidah ini adalah pada suatu keadaan, adat bisa dijadikan pijakan untuk mencetuskan hukum ketika tidak ada dalil syara’, dengan kata lain adat yang tidak bertentangan dengan syari’at Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 300, "width": 372, "height": 137, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilihat dari sudut budaya, Indonesia tidak memiliki jejak tentang pemaikaian cadar. Oleh sebab itu, penting sekali kajian fikih yang disintesakan dengan budaya terkait cadar yang melahirkan formulasi hukum yang menjadikan wanita muslim bisa memahami mengapa tak sepatutnya cadar dipergunakan oleh wanita muslim Indonesia. Perlu dipertimbangkan juga adalah budaya kekinian, yang mana wajah menjadi salah satu identitas di berbagai negara. Selain itu, persepsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 445, "width": 371, "height": 179, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "masyarakat umum yang cenderung negatif terhadap cadar juga perlu dijadikan pertimbangan dalam penarikan hukum (fikih). Sebab, bagaimanapun, selama ada alternatif secara hukum, persepsi orang yang bisa menimbulkan fitnah merupakan sesuatu yang juga dipertimbangkan dalam menetapkan hukum Islam berdasarkan kaidah Fikih “ مدقم دسافملا ءرد حلاصملا بلج ىلع ” yang artinya “Menolak mafsadah/kerusakan itu didahulukan daripada mengambil kemaslahatan”. Tanpa pendekatan itu, sikap menolak pemakaian cadar hanya akan memicu konflik dan permusuhan yang berkepanjangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 631, "width": 372, "height": 117, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemakaian niqab (cadar) merupakan masalah khilafiyah/ debatebel dalam hukum Islam, jika dipedebatkan terus menerus, tidak akan ada akhirnya. Maka, sikap saling menghargai perbedaan pendapat adalah kunci dalam menjaga kesatuan dan persatuan serta harmonisasi sesama umat Islam di negeri ini. Tidak hanya itu, tetapi juga diperlukan kesadaran masing- masing pihak, agar cadar yang sebenarnya merupakan salah satu wujud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "108", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 372, "height": 54, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hubungan agama dan budaya ini tidak direduksi menjadi persoalan syar’i tidak syar’i, boleh tidak boleh, dan eksklusi atas satu kelompok sosial tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 217, "width": 372, "height": 262, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cadar adalah kain penutup muka atau sebagian wajah wanita, minimal untuk menutupi hidung dan mulut, sehingga hanya matanya saja yang tampak. Cadar dapat dipahami sebagai pakaian perempuan yang menutupi bagian kepala dan wajah, sehingga yang nampak hanya kedua mata saja. Sejarah pemakaian niqab (cadar) telah dikenal di kalangan bangsa-bangsa kuno, jauh sebelum datangnya Islam, dan lebih melekat pada orang-orang Persia, khususnya di Iran, dibandingkan dengan di tempat- tempat lain, bahkan lebih keras tuntutannya daripada yang diajarkan oleh Islam.. Pandangan hukum Islam terhadap pemakaian niqab (cadar) bagi muslimah merupakan masalah khilafiyah , ada yang mewajibkan dan ada yang tidak, masing-masing ulama mempunyai argumentasi yang kuat, sehingga ini menjadi opsi kita untuk memilih, bukan malah menyalahkan atau bahkan menghujat pendapat yang tidak sesuai dengan kita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 507, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 528, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Ghazali, Muhammad, Dari Hukum Memakai Cadar Hingga Hak Istri Yang Ditalak Tiga. Jakarta: Penerbit Mizania, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 569, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al-Mahally, Jalaluddin Muhammad bin Ahmad dan Jalaluddin Abdurrahman bin Abi Bakar al-Suyuthy, Tafsir Jalalain, Bairut: Jamik al-Huquq, tt.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 611, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Iryani, Eva, Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, Vol.17 No.2 Tahun 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 652, "width": 400, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad, Syaikh bin Shalih al-Utsaimin, Hukum Cadar, Terj. Risalatul Hijab,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 673, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solo: At-Tibyan, 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 693, "width": 401, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Musyaffa’, Fadlolan, Jilbab Yes, Niqob No, Semarang: Pustaka Ilmu, Cet. I,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 714, "width": 30, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 400, "height": 33, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muthahari, Murtadha, Gaya Hidup Wanita Islam, ter. Agus Efendi, Alwiyah Abdurrahman, Bandung: Mizan, 1990.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 155, "width": 318, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasaruddin Umar, Fenomenologi jilbab. Kompas. 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[ { "left": 513, "top": 784, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 227, "top": 41, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 53, "width": 115, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 86, "width": 228, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: www.ejournal.polbeng.ac.id/index.php/IBP Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 121, "width": 311, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SOCIAL MEDIA AND VIRAL MARKETING ANALYSIS OF PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH TIKTOK APPLICATIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 180, "width": 379, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto 1 ,*, Kokom Komariah 2 ,R Deni Muhammad Danial 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 208, "width": 287, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 Universitas Muhammadiyah Sukabumi, Kota Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, 43111. [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 456, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 473, "width": 202, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The rapid development of science and technology has an influence on the development of industry or business in various fields, including how to promote or market products in a company in order to increase sales or increase consumer interest in their products. From year to year internet users in Indonesia are increasing so that internet users are increasingly accessing social media, which in turn causes entrepreneurs to start using social media as a media campaign to market their products (Pirdaus, et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 202, "height": 184, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 Virus at the beginning of 2020, Social media is one of the media that is increasingly being used as a tool to promote a business or a means of source of information for a business, Indonesia is one of the countries that uses social media quite often. Based on the results of Hootsuite's Wearesocial research in 2020, it was stated that there were 175.4 million internet users in Indo-nesia (Hasiholan, et al., 2020). Comparison be-tween 2019 and 2020 there is an increase in social media users by 17% or 25 million social media users in Indonesia. Based on the total population of Indonesia, which is 272.1 million people, it means that 64% and half of Indone-sia's population has experienced access to cy- berspace. Internet users are on average aged 16 to 64 years, each of whom owns or uses var-ious", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 473, "width": 201, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "types of devices, including mobile phones (96%), smartphones (94%), non-smartphone mobile phones (21%), laptops or desktop com-puters (66%), tablets (23%), users or game con-soles (16%), to virtual reality devices (5.1%). It is known that currently there are 338.2 million In- donesians who own cell phones. It is known that there are 160 million active users of social me-dia (medsos). Currently, there are several social media applications that are often used by Indo- nesian internet users from the top, namely Tik- Tok, YouTube, WhatsApp, Zoom, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Line, FB Messenger, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Snapchat, Skype, Tumblr, Reddit, Sina Weibo and many more (Haryanto, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 638, "width": 201, "height": 133, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social media users from year to year in In- donesia are increasing so that the increasing number of internet users accessing social me-dia, it is not surprising that entrepreneurs are increasingly interested in using social media as a means to market their products, thereby in- creasing online purchasing decisions through various social media. There are several ways that a company does in promoting its products by utilizing current social media technology (commonly called e-marketing), namely, there are those who use the \"influencer endorsement\" method which pays an influencer to promote their", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 256, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 287, "width": 97, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: (diisi oleh editor) Received in revised: (diisi oleh editor) Accepted: (diisi oleh editor) Published: (diisi oleh editor)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 348, "width": 44, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Open Access", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 282, "width": 298, "height": 116, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of social media and viral marketing on purchase decisions through tiktok apps. The method used in this research is descriptive method and associative method with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique in this study used non-probability sampling with purposive sampling type, and in this case only 190 respondents. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, including the coefficient of determination test, multiple correlation coefficient, simultaneous test (F test) and partial test (T test). The results of the study, using the F test the probability value of sig. 0.00 < 0.05 which means that together social media and viral marketing have a significant influence on purchase decisions. While the t test shows that social media has a significant influence on purchase decisions and viral marketing has a significant influence on purchase decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 409, "width": 223, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Social Media, Viral Marketing, Purchase Decisions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 191, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "<Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto>, <Kokom Komariah>", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "products on social media, or advertise products through social media. advertising on social media and even through Viral Marketing, namely promoting a product by making the product viral, so that it can increase the selling value of the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 133, "width": 201, "height": 173, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If you look at the development of consumer behavior in the current digital era, the Company can transform or add new strategies in carrying out its business activities through Social Media. Social media has become part of daily activities, therefore, companies and organizations tend to take advantage of technological developments provided by social media (Sulistyo, 2015). So-cial media is very helpful in promoting or mar-keting a product through the internet or com-monly called \"Digital marketing\", one of the ac-tivities that can be done from \"Digital marketing\" which is currently a trend is Viral marketing, which is a way of marketing a product that is like an easy \"virus\". spread, in promoting it can be in the form of writing, pictures, songs or videos. (Susilowati, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 201, "height": 246, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social media has several interrelated indica- tors, here are some social media indicators ac- cording to Benito Adityo in the journal (Setiawati and Aida, 2015), namely: 1. Convenience When someone wants to shop through so-cial media, the thing that is considered for online shoppers is the ease of use factor. This convenience factor is related to how a consumer conducts online transaction op-erations. Prospective consumers will initially experience difficulties when they first make a purchase of a product through online transactions, and tend to discourage online transactions due to security factors and lack of understanding of the procedures for online transactions. On the other hand, there are also potential consumers who take the initiative to try shopping online through social media because they have received information about how to transact online. A good online shop website is one that provides instructions on how to transact online, starting from how to pay, and fea-tures for filling out purchase forms.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Trust", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 201, "height": 133, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The thing that a consumer considers in making online transactions is whether they believe in websites that provide online shops and online sellers on the website. Consumer trust in online shops lies in the popularity and reviews of the online shop. The more popularity of an online shop on a social media, consumers will be more con-fident and believe in the reliability of the website. Furthermore, consumer confi-dence in online sellers regarding the relia-bility of online sellers in ensuring transac-tion security and ensuring transactions will be processed after payment is made by the buyer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 201, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to (Kotler & Keller, 2016) Viral Marketing is a promotional effort that utilizes the power of word of mouth through the method of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "making email or marketing that is very conta- gious so that customers are willing to tell their friends back. Viral marketing is a digital market- ing strategy that promotes or advertises a prod- uct through interesting and entertaining online messages so that it can encourage consumers to convey the message to other consumers, spread messages on social media such as vi-ruses for free without burdening advertisers (Susilowati et al., 2019 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 174, "width": 201, "height": 184, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The first process of viral marketing can come from various parties, even from the company itself. Information regarding the marketing of this product must come from parties who are directly consumers or parties who are experts in the field or related to the product, so that the product information offered will be more effec-tively accepted by potential consumers (Susilo-wati et al., 2019). Social media is a medium for spreading Viral Marketing, where social media provides information about products that can increase trust. Consumer or customer trust in the company is very necessary, because online business through Viral Marketing uses various social media, which means they do not make transactions with each other face to face. So here the company must make consumers or customers put their trust in the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 360, "width": 201, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Goyette et al., (2010) divide Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) in journals (Syuhada, & Widodo, 2019) into three dimen- sions, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 402, "width": 201, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Intensity is defined as the number of con- sumer perceptions in a social networking site. Indicators of intensity are as follows:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 433, "width": 187, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Frequency of accessing infor-mation from social networking sites", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 454, "width": 187, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Frequency of interaction with users of social networking sites", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 474, "width": 187, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. The number of reviews written by users of social networking sites.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 284, "top": 495, "width": 201, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Valence of opinion It is the perception of consumers, be it positive or negative per- ceptions about products, services, and brands. Valence of opinion includes:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 536, "width": 187, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Positive comments from users of social networking sites", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 557, "width": 187, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Recommendations from users of social networking sites", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 284, "top": 578, "width": 201, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Content Is the information content of social networking sites related to products and services. Indicators of content are as fol-lows:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 609, "width": 124, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Product variety information", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 619, "width": 123, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Product quality information", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 298, "top": 630, "width": 157, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Information about the price offered", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 646, "width": 201, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on previous research conducted by Susilowati, et, al., (2019) on the Effect of Viral Marketing on Consumer Confidence and Its Impact on Purchase Decisions. Based on the results of his research, it shows that the Viral Marketing variable has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision variable. The value obtained from the path analysis shows that the Viral Mar- keting variable on the Purchase Decision has a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 37, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "<Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto>, <Kokom Komariah>,", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 59, "width": 201, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "positive influence (Susilowati et al., 2019). Viral Marketing that runs from recommendations giv- en well will make the product a hit or trend. Products that are currently hits can make con- sumers interested in purchasing these products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 202, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the research above are reinforced by previous research by Sandy, et. al., (2020) about the influence of Viral Marketing and consumer trust on online purchasing deci-sions through Instagram social media, where the results of the research show that the Viral Marketing variable has a significant effect on the Purchase Decision variable. , as well as good Viral Marketing implementation will have an impact on increasing Product Purchase Deci- sions (Sandi et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 224, "width": 202, "height": 132, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Kotler and Armstrong (2016), the consumer's purchase decision is to buy the most preferred product from the various alternatives, but two factors can be between purchase intention and purchase decision. The first factor is the attitude of others and the sec-ond factor is a situational factor that causes preferences and purchase intentions do not al-ways result in an actual purchase. According to Kotler & Armstrong (2016), there are five deci-sion-making processes, namely \"need recogni-tion, evaluation of alternatives, purchase deci-sions, post- purchase behavior\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 359, "width": 202, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meanwhile, according to Dharmesta and Handoko (2012;103) states that every pur- chasing decision has a structure of seven com- ponents, namely Decisions About Product Types, Decisions About Product Forms, Deci-sions About Brands, Decisions About Sales, Decisions About Number of Products, Decisions About Sales Time, Decisions About Purchase Time, And Decisions About Payment Methods. From the statement above, it can be defined that purchasing decisions are actions taken by con- sumers to purchase a product of interest. There- fore, consumer purchasing decision making is a process of selecting one of several alternative problem solving with real follow-up (laluyan et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 524, "width": 202, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to (Kotler & Keller, 2016: 199) states that the purchase decision dimen-sion consists of six dimensions, namely: 1. Product choice, consumers make the selec- tion of products or services in accordance with their wishes. This product selection can be reached through the quality of the prod-uct or service.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 202, "height": 50, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Brand choice, consumers focus on seeing the brand of the product. In this case the company must be able to find out how con- sumers choose a brand that is believed to be trusted.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 659, "width": 202, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dealer choice, consumers see dealers from various sides. Starting from a close location, low prices, complete inventory.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 202, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Purchase timing, consumers make pur- chasing decisions at different times. For ex- ample, there are those who make purchas-es every day, every week or once a month.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 59, "width": 201, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Purchase amount, consumers make pur- chases with different amounts, it can be one type of product or more than one product.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 90, "width": 201, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Payment method, in this case the consumer can make decisions regarding the payment method that will be used in making con-sumer decisions to use service products.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 137, "width": 201, "height": 236, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Since the outbreak of Covid 19 has resulted in Work From Home activities, causing many activities to be carried out at home and no won- der sometimes it makes people bored so that many people are looking for entertainment, the Tik Tok application is one application that is cur- rently often used to entertain and seek infor- mation. because of the many interesting fea-tures there are so many of them make Tik Tok a \"Viral Marketing\" tool. Currently, there are many applications that are used as a tool to promote a product, including Instagram, FaceBook, Twitter, or lately the most used application is the \"Tik- Tok\" application. The TikTok application is cur- rently very often used by various gadget users around the world, according to Riadikemas Tik- Tok is an application to create videos that pro- vide interesting special effects and the use of various video editing features and filters in the application is very easy to use by Tik Tok app users so that they can make short videos. with cool, interesting and not boring results (Susilo- wati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 375, "width": 201, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Early 2020 to mid 2020 TikTok Apps expe- rienced a very high increase so that TikTok Apps is also the application with the highest number of downloads in various Playstores, such as the Apps Store, Google Playstore as one of the Non- Game applications with the highest number of downloads in the world, as follows :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 454, "width": 195, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 Non-game Application Download Or-der Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 485, "width": 198, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Top Apps worldwide for August 2020 by download (Non-Game) Sensor Tower", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 506, "width": 185, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Google Play Download Apps Store Download 1 TikTok TikTok 2 Zoom Zoom 3 Facebook Facebook 4 Instagram Instagram 5 Whatsapp Whatsapp 6 Google Meet Google Meet 7 Snack Video Snack Video 8 Messenger Messenger 9 Snapchat Snapchat 10 Telegram Telegram", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 639, "width": 112, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source : (Sensor Tower ,2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 653, "width": 201, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seeing the phenomenon above makes Tik Tok apps often used by many people as a tool for entertainment and even to viral various things including marketing a contemporary product such as music, skincare, food, etc. by reviewing a product or using hit songs that aim to marketing the song to be heard and known by the wider community through video. TikTok Apps are often used as a media tool to promote a product because when advertising through this", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 191, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "<Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto>, <Kokom Komariah>", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 142, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "application and the video enters the homepage, it is equivalent to Adsense on various other plat- forms and everything is free, by making it viral by uploading TikTok videos that are user-generated or interesting content creators. In ad-dition, TikTok Apps is supported by various types of music genres, interesting effects and filters so as to make the videos that are made much more interesting and can make people who see them become curious about the products in the video and finally make a decision to buy the products in the video. In the business world, this method is commonly referred to as Viral Marketing (Susilowati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 216, "width": 201, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the observations, the authors found problems in consumers who have made cosmetic purchases, only looking at the brand or brand without knowing the function and ingredi-ents needed by skin type. The problem is alleg-edly caused by many content creators who re-view a product through social media. The other cause is thought to be due to viral marketing which is becoming a trend, especially in TikTok apps.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 201, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The novelty in this research is that the research was conducted on Tik Tok Apps users aged 17-25 years, namely from group Z be-cause TikTok Apps users are mostly from group Z and at this age users are accustomed to doing online transactions through social media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 201, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the above background, a re-search entitled \"Analysis of Social Media and Viral Marketing on Purchase Decisions Through Tiktok Apps\" was conducted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 419, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 436, "width": 201, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, researchers used a Marketing Management approach. In this study, the object of research is the influence of social media and viral marketing on online shopping decisions through TikTok Apps. The research was con- ducted using two independent variables, namely Social Media (X1), Viral Marketing (X2) and the dependent variable, namely Purchase Decision (Y). This research was conducted on TikTok Apps users.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 201, "height": 153, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the author uses quantitative methods with descriptive and associative ap- proaches. According to Sugiyono (Sugiyono, 2017) states that the research method is based on the philosophy of positivism, which looks at reality or symptoms, measurable, observable, concrete phenomena and causal relationships, this method is used to be able to examine cer- tain populations or samples, data collection us- ing research instruments, data analysis is quan- titative with the aim of testing the established hypothesis. The use of quantitative methods in this study is because the research data is in the form of numbers that will be analyzed into statis- tical data in order to test hypotheses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 201, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The population used in this study were Tik- Tok App users in Sukabumi City. Researchers conducted research in large enough numbers, so that while researchers wanted to examine the population, researchers had limited energy and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "time so that researchers would use non- probability sampling method using purposive sampling. Researchers use this technique due to the large number of Tik Tok Apps users in Sukabumi City, so that researchers make who are respondents in this study by making the fol- lowing criteria:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 143, "width": 165, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tik Tok Apps Users in Sukabumi City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 153, "width": 187, "height": 50, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Tik Tok Apps users are 17-25 years old, namely from group Z because TikTok Apps users are mostly from group Z and at this age users are used to doing online transactions through social media.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 284, "top": 211, "width": 201, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Because the population is not known with certainty, there is no exact calculation of the da- ta. Therefore, according to (Ferdinan, 2014) in the famous Kaloka anglesti thesis entitled \"Ef-fect Of Viral Marketing Against Customer Buying Interest Through Customer Trust In Instagram\" in 2016, explained that the sample size depends on the number of indicators used, and stated that the sample size is the number of indicators multiplied by 5 to 10. Based on Ferdinand's statement, the sample of this study was set at 190 respondents, which was obtained based on the number of indicators used in the study mul-tiplied by 10 (19 indicators x 10 = 190).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 356, "width": 201, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research model is an abstraction of the phenomena that will be studied by the author. The research model used by the author is as follows:The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, including classical assumption tests, that is normality test, the coefficient of determination, multiple corre- lation coefficients, partial test (T test), and simul- taneous test (F test).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 472, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 489, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Results of Normality test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 505, "width": 201, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable Y has a normal distribution for each observation of variable X. It can be seen that if the diagram looks like a bell, then the assump- tion is fulfilled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 367, "top": 553, "width": 35, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 718, "width": 201, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on Figure 1, the histogram is shaped like a bell shape, meaning that the data is", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 37, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "<Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto>, <Kokom Komariah>,", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 36, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 59, "width": 201, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "normally distributed and the assumption of normality is met.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Results of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 112, "width": 202, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multiple linear regression analysis is used by researchers, to examine the effect of several variables that are correlated with other variables to be tested. From the results of this multiple linear regression can be seen in Table 2:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 170, "width": 29, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 179, "width": 200, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standa rdized Coeffic ients t Sig. B Std.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 241, "width": 207, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Error Beta 1 (Cons tant) 3.291 1.102 2.986 .003 X1 .576 .129 .269 4.452 .000 X2 .995 .089 .675 11.148 .000 a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 327, "width": 201, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the results of multiple linear regres-sion, it can be obtained the equation: Y = 3,291 + 0,576 X 1 + 0,995 X 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 365, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Coefficient of Determination (R 2 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 384, "width": 29, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 393, "width": 198, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficient of Determination Results Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .923 a .851 .850 2.654", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 117, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 475, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 493, "width": 202, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of Table 3 show that the adjust-ed R2 value is 0.851; then this shows that 85.1% of the purchase decision variables can be ex- plained by the two independent variables, namely social media and viral marketing. While 14.9% came from factors not examined in the study.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 578, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Multiple Correlation Coefficients", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 596, "width": 191, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4 Multiple Correlation Coefficient Results Model Summary b Mode l R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .923 a .851 .850 2.654 a. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1 b. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 202, "height": 50, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of Table 4 show that the results obtained by the R number of 0.923 are in the 0.80 - 1,000 category. This shows that there is a very strong relationship between social media and viral marketing with purchase decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 750, "width": 188, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.5 Simultaneous Significance Test (F Test)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 390, "top": 58, "width": 42, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 68, "width": 200, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "F . Test Results ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regre ssion 7826.144 2 3913.0 72 555.403 .000 b Resid ual 1366.820 194 7.045 Total 9192.964 196", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 155, "width": 117, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y b. Predictors: (Constant), X2, X1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 180, "width": 201, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of Table 5 show that the results of the F test that have been carried out can be obtained by sig. 0.000 < 0.05; Fcount 555,403> FTable 3,89. This means that social media and viral marketing simultaneously (simultaneously) affect purchase decisions through tiktok applications. It can be concluded that purchase decisions through tiktok applications will increase if social media and viral marketing work well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 279, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.6 Partial Significance Test (T Test)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 397, "top": 298, "width": 58, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6 T . Test Results", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 316, "width": 185, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardiz ed Coefficients Standa rdized Coeffic ients t Sig. B Std.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 367, "width": 193, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Error Beta 1 (Cons tant) 3.291 1.102 2.986 .003 X1 .576 .129 .269 4.452 .000 X2 .995 .089 .675 11.148 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 327, "top": 422, "width": 92, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 450, "width": 201, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of Table 6 show that the results of the T test that have been carried out on the subjective norm variable produce a value with sig. 0.000 < 0.05; Tcount value 4.452> TTable 1.65. This means that social media partially has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Furthermore, the behavioral control perception variable produces a value with sig. 0.000 < 0.05; Tcount value 11.148> TTable 1.65. This means that viral marketing partially has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 574, "width": 201, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is in line with research by Setiawati, et al., (2015), showing the influence of social me-dia on consumer buying interest in the Man-agement Study Program at Pasir Pengaraian University. Then reinforced by research (Hara-hap and Ariyanti, 2019) entitled \"The Impact Of Promotion Using Social Media Instagram On Tiket.Com Consumer Purchase Decision\", namely the influence of promotion using social media Instagram Tiket .com on consumer pur-chasing decisions).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 688, "width": 201, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meanwhile, Aliyah's research (2017) ex-plains that there is an influence of promotion through social media and viral marketing as intervening variables that influence purchasing decisions on SFA Steak & Resto Karanganyar consumers. And supported by (Syuhada, , & Widodo, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 37, "width": 191, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "<Aulia Asri Fawwazi Haryanto>, <Kokom Komariah>", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 36, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis 9 (2021) 33-39", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "with the title \"Effectiveness Of Viral Marketing Using Electronic Word Of Mouth On Purchase Decisions On Shopee\", which ex-plains that viral marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions medi-ated by E-WOM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 122, "width": 201, "height": 71, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "And reinforced by the results of research by Retno Susilowati, Edriana Pangestuti and Anie- sa Samira Bafadha (2019), which explains that there is an influence between viral marketing variables on consumer trust and the impact of the influence on purchasing decisions. (Susilo-wati et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 195, "width": 201, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Over time, the development of technology has increased so that the use of social media is increasing every year. Social media is also growing rapidly, so social media is often used by the public not only as a communication tool but as a tool to promote or market products to increase sales.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 201, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social media is a means or tool for ex- changing information that makes it a creative place to work together between individuals to share between individuals and groups and can also be used as a place of promotion by forming a virtual social, by providing promotions through images, sound, and video, which aims to to in- crease the selling value of a product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 201, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Currently, social media is very often used in the business sector, especially for entrepreneurs because social media plays a very important role in disseminating information to the wider community, not only that but social media can help promote its products to attract the attention of potential consumers in all circles, especially among Generation Z. and millennials.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 433, "width": 201, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "With the development of technology and in- formation today, entrepreneurs are required to be able to use it in the field of marketing or mar- keting, so that entrepreneurs can expand the marketing of a service or product, especially in the cosmetic field. In today's marketing field, it doesn't seem strange or foreign for a company to promote its products through various social media. A marketing strategy that is currently very popular with entrepreneurs, apart from endors-ing influencers or content creators, has recently become a viral marketing strategy that is wrong. One marketing strategy that is most in demand by business people, especially online shop owners.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 588, "width": 201, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Viral marketing or better known as word of mouth is the dissemination of information in marketing a product or service by word of mouth using the internet version, where businessmen do marketing by viralizing their products or ser-vices through influencers on all social media by reviewing the product by way of so that it can be much easier for consumers to remember and make it viral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 687, "width": 201, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purchase decisions are actions taken by consumers in making purchasing decisions on a product from several alternative problem solv-ing. In studying consumer purchasing decisions, a marketer must look at the things that influence", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 71, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "purchasing decisions and make a decision that consumers make their purchasing decisions. Purchase decisions will occur when consumers are aware of a problem or need for a desired product. The buying process describes the rea- sons why someone prefers, chooses and buys a product with a certain brand. The buying deci- sion process consists of five stages, namely problem recognition, information search, alter- native evaluation, purchase decision, and post- purchase evaluation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 191, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusions and Suggestions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 208, "width": 201, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the T test, social media has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, and viral marketing partially has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Simultaneously, social media and viral marketing variables have a positive and significant effect simultaneously. on purchase decisions through Tiktok Applications.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 291, "width": 201, "height": 70, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the research results obtained from data analysis, the suggestions that can be given are: 1) Further research needs to be done to examine the effect of other independent vari- ables such as celebrity endorsements, advertis- ing attractiveness, and so on 2) Further research uses respondents with different research places .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 380, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reference", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 284, "top": 397, "width": 198, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis S1 Universitas Brawi- jaya , 11 (1), 82726.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 422, "width": 201, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ansari, S., Ansari, G., Ghori, M. 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[ { "left": 96, "top": 169, "width": 384, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 225, "width": 224, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 241, "width": 367, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Islam Kalimantan Muhammad Arsyad Al Banjari Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 302, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 334, "width": 437, "height": 219, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Methods of data collection by observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used is descriptive analytic method, namely data analysis version of Miles and Huberman (2014), that there are three activity flows, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The result of this study is customer satisfaction is the level of customer feeling after buying repeatedly and comparing between what he received and expected or more clearly a dynamic state that is closely related to products, services, human resources, and processes and environments that at least can be meet or even exceed the expected customer satisfaction. Service quality is an effort to fulfill customer needs and desires, as well as the provision of delivery to balance customer expectations, service quality is a condition of the performance of a company in providing services to customers with the aim of providing satisfaction to consumers. Based on these results, it means that service quality has an influence on customer satisfaction at Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin, if the quality of service provided is good enough, it can affect customer satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 572, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Quality, Service, And Customer Satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 601, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 624, "width": 437, "height": 144, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif analitik yaitu Analisis data versi Miles dan Huberman (2014), bahwa ada tiga alur kegiatan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kepuasan pelanggan adalah tingkat perasaan pelanggan setelah membeli berulang-ulang dan membandingkan antara apa yang dia terima dan harapkan atau lebih jelasnya suatu keadaan dinamis yang berkaitan erat dengan produk, jasa, sumber daya manusia, serta proses dan lingkungan yang setidaknya dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "298 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 71, "width": 437, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memenuhi atau malah dapat melebihi kepuasan pelanggan yang diharapkan. Kualitas pelayanan adalah upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan, serta ketetapan penyampaiannya untuk mengimbangi harapan pelanggan, kualitas jasa pelayanan merupakan kondisi dari kinerja yang dimiliki oleh suatu perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diartikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin, jika kualitas layanan yang diberikan sudah cukup baik, bisa berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 219, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Kualitas, Pelayanan, Dan Kepuasan Pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 250, "width": 87, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 266, "width": 430, "height": 110, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam menghadapi persaingan yang ketat pada zaman sekarang, setiap perusahaan harus mampu bersaing dan mempertahankan kegiatan bisnis mereka demi terus menjaga perputaran ekonomi perusahaan. Salah satu bisnis yang juga ikut andil dalam perputaran ekonomi di Indonesia adalah bisnis kuliner. Persaingan bisnis dalam dunia kuliner semakin ketat. Hal itu ditandai dengan banyaknya pembisnis yang terjun di dunia kuliner. Persaingan tersebut disebabkan karena saat ini kuliner menjadi bisnis yang sangat menjanjikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 380, "width": 430, "height": 255, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat menyebabkan kebutuhan yang meningkat pula terutama akan kebutuhan pangan. Semakin berkembangnya masyarakat modern seringkali dikaitkan dengan mobilitas masyarakat yang semakin tinggi dan aktivitas kerja yang sibuk, mengakibatkan banyak para pekerja pria maupun wanita yang menghabiskan waktu diluar rumah untuk mencari sesuatu yang bersifat praktis dan instan seperti makanan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan sehari-hari (Ranti dan Sasana, 2021). Sepanjang tahun 2020, industri penyedia makanan dan minuman mengalami kinerja yang negatif. Kinerja yang negatif ini, ternyata hanya terjadi pada tahun 2020, atau sepanjang tahun 2019 dan sebelumsebelumnya, kinerja di sektor industri penyedia makanan dan minuman, selalu positif atau tumbuh. Negatifnya kinerja psepanjang tahun 2020, dikarenakan efek dari pandemi Covid-19. Namun, selanjutnya sampai menuju tahun 2021 sekarang terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan. Ini juga membuat pertumbuhan bisnis kuliner di kota-kota besar Indonesia kembali meningkat begitu pesat, salah satunya adalah kota Banjarmasin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 639, "width": 430, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perkembangan dunia kuliner khususnya di kota Banjarmasin telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan. Kuliner tidak hanya sebatas pemenuhan kebutuhan primer manusia namun lebih dari pada itu, dunia kuliner saat ini telah menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup masyarakat. Salah satu kota tujuan wisata dalam bidang kuliner yang ramai dikunjungi wisatawan baik mancanegara maupun domestik adalah kota Banjarmasin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 736, "width": 430, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daya tarik yang dimilikinya membentuk citra positif sebagai kota wisata. Khususnya diakhir pekan, jalanan di Kota Banjarmasin lebih padat dan ramai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "299", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 430, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dibandingkan hari biasanya, hal inilah yang membuat bisnis kuliner di Kota Banjarmasin semakin berkembang. Maka dari itu pelaku bisnis berlomba-lomba membuka usaha dibidang kuliner. Usaha kuliner kota Banjarmasin pun sangat bermacam-macam mulai dari Caffe atau cofffe shop , restoran, rumah makan sampai pedagang kaki lima. Konsep café yang ada di Banjarmasin sangat banyak, salah satunya adalah café dengan konsep menyediakan tempat duduk, tempat nongkrong dengan berbagai tipe, mulai dari lesehan, pakai kursi, sampai ayunan, yang biasanya pihak café menyediakan tempat duduk tersebut dengan jumlah banyak, sehingga konsumen dapat dengan leluasa memilih dan megajak teman dan sanak kerabat dengan jumlah banyak. Biasanya caffé jenis ini banyak mengadakan event komunitas, dan nobar (nonton bareng).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 249, "width": 430, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemasaran merupakan salah satu upaya bagaimana ide atau produk atau jasa kita dapat diterima oleh orang-orang yang menjadi sasaran atau target/pasar. Karena setiap perusahaan didirikan dengan tujuan misalnya meraih laba, merebut pangsa pasar, kepentingan sosial dan lain sebagainya. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, perusahaan berupaya menghasilkan suatu produk atau jasa yang selanjutnya diperkenalkan dan ditawarkan kepada pasar. Oleh karena itu maka keberhasilan suatu perusahaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan perusahaan untuk memasarkan produk atau jasanya agar laku terjual di pasaran (Linardo, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 395, "width": 430, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Linardo (2018) pemasaran adalah suatu sistem total dari kegiatan bisnis yang dirancang untuk merencanakan, menentukan harga, promosi, dan mendistribusikan barang-barang yang dapat memuaskan keinginan dan mencapai pasar sasaran serta tujuan perusahaan. Tujuan suatu perusahaan salah satunya adalah tidak lainnya untuk memberikan jasa pelayanan yang baik pula. Pemasaran jasa adalah bagian dari system jasa keseluruhan dimana perusahaan tersebut memiliki sebuah bentuk kontak dengan pelanggannya, mulai dari pengiklanan hingga penagihan, hal ini mencakup kontak yang dilakukan pada saat penyerahan jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 540, "width": 430, "height": 223, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pemasaran jasa pentingnya memahami perilaku konsumen itu sendiri. Perilaku konsumen sebagi proses pengambilan keputusan dan aktivitas individu secara fisik yang dilibatkan dalam mengevaluasi, memperoleh, menggunakan atau dapat mempergunakan barang-barang dan jasa. Perilaku konsumen sebagai interaksi dinamis antara pengaruh dan kognisi, perilaku, dan kejadian di sekitar kita dimana manusia melakukan aspek pertukaran dalam hidup mereka sendiri. Salah satu faktor yang perlu diperhatikan bagi pelaku bisnis demi dapat memahami perilaku konsumen itu adalah dengan memperhatikan kualitas pelayanan itu sendiri guna mendapatkan konsumen yang merasakan kepuasan saat berkunjung dan melakukan pembelian, Pelayanan dan kepuasan konsumen merupakan penunjang pemasaran suatau perusahaan dalam rangka mempertahankan dan memenangkan persaingan. Apabila pelayanan diabaikan dalam kegiatan pemasaran bisa menimbulkan rasa tidak puas pihak konsumen dan ini akan merugikan pihak perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "300 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Halim, et al . 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 87, "width": 437, "height": 125, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan diartikan sebagai keseluruhan ciri dari barang dan jasa yang mempengaruhi pada kemampuannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan yang dinyatakan maupun tidak dinyatakan. Kualitas layanan merupakan kunci dari ukuran kepuasan konsumen. Jika kinerja gagal memenuhi ekspektasi pelanggan, maka pelanggan akan tidak puas. Jika kinerja sesuai dengan ekspektasi pelanggan, maka pelanggan akan puas. Jika kinerja melebihi ekspektasi pelanggan, maka pelanggan akan sangat puas dan senang (Rohaeni dan Marwa, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 216, "width": 430, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan adalah sistem manajemen strategis dan integratif yang melibatkan semua manajer dan karyawan serta menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk memperbaiki secara berkesinambungan atas proses organisasi agar dapat memenuhi dan melebihi kebutuhan, keinginan dan harapan konsumen. Kualitas pelayanan harus dimulai dari kebutuhan pelanggan dan berakhir pada persepsi pelanggan, persepsi pelanggan tentang kualitas pelayanan ke pelanggan merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan pemasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 346, "width": 430, "height": 174, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepuasan pelanggan umumnya harapan pelanggan merupakan perkiraan atau keyakinan pelanggan tentang apa yang akan diterimanya bila ia membeli atau mengonsumsi suatu produk (barang atau jasa). Sedangkan kinerja yang dirasakan adalah persepsi pelanggan terhadap apa yang ia terima setelah mengonsumsi produk yang dibeli. Strategi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan ada enam strategi untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan, diantaranya adalah : (1) Relationship Marketing Strategy , menciptakan hubungan jangka panjang untuk mewujudka kesetiaan pelanggan melalu kemitraan. (2) Superior Customer Service Strategy , menawarkan jasa yang lebih baik dibandingkan jasa yang ditawarkan oleh pesaing. (3) Extra Ordinary Guarantees Strategy , memberikan jaminan istimewa untuk mengatasi kerugian pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 524, "width": 430, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) Customer Complain Handing Strategy , mengenai keluhan pelanggan untuk mengubah ketidakpuasan dan loyalitas. (5) Service Performance Improvement Strategy , memperbaiki setiap dimensi kualitas jasa secara priodik dan terus menerus untuk meningkatkan kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Dan (6) Quality Function Development Strategy , merancang strategi pengembangan fungsi kualitas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan tuntutan pelanggan (Gultom, et al . 2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 638, "width": 437, "height": 125, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan menerapkan strategi tersebut, diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat yang baik menyatakan kepuasan pelanggan dapat memberi beberapa manfaat yaitu : (1) Hubungan antara perusahaan dan para pelanggannya menjadi harmonis. (2) Memberikan dasar yang baik bagi pembelian ulang. (3) Dapat mendorong terciptanya loyalitas pelanggan. (4) Membentuk suatu rekomendasi dari mulut ke mulut ( wort-of-mouth ) yang menguntungkan bagi perusahaan reputasi perusahaan menjadi baik di mata pelanggan. dan (5) Laba yang diperoleh dapat meningkat (Gultom, et al . 2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "301", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 430, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun pihak Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin selalu berusaha memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan maksimal kepada konsumennya agar bisa mendapatkan kepuasan konsumennya, namun masih banyak konsumen yang merasa tidak puas dengan pelayanan Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin. Hal tersebut berdasarkan hasil pra-survey yang peneliti lakukan kepada kosumen Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin. Berdasarkan perumusan masalah di atas, maka yang menjadi tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh dari kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin. Berdasarkan dari uraian di atas, penulis perlu melakukan penelitian lebih mendalam dengan mengangkat judul “Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 288, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 305, "width": 430, "height": 173, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu data yang dikumpulkan berbentuk kata-kata, gambar, bukan angka-angka. Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati (Abdussamad, 2021). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2023 sampai dengan bulan Juni 2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat gambaran dan informasi yang lebih jelas, lengkap, serta memungkinkan dan mudah bagi peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian observasi. Oleh karena itu, maka penulis menetapkan lokasi penelitian adalah tempat di mana penelitian akan dilakukan. Dalam hal ini, lokasi penelitian terletak di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin di Sungai Baru, Banjarmasin Tengah, Kota Banjarmasin,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 483, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kalimantan Selatan 70122.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 499, "width": 437, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal pengumpulan data ini, penulis terjun langsung pada objek penelitian untuk mendapatkan data yang valid, maka peneliti menggunakan metode yakni dengan observasi, wawancara ( interview ), dokumentasi. Analisis data versi Miles dan Huberman dalam Thalib (2022), bahwa ada tiga alur kegiatan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 619, "width": 131, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 635, "width": 430, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kualitatif yang disajikan secara Deskripif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Melalui teknik wawancara mendalam terhadap konsumen Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin sebagai informan utama. Diketahui wawancara mendalam terhadap responden utama adalah untuk mendapatkan data primer, untuk wawancara mendalam isntrumen peneliti berupa daftar pertanyaan sebagai pedoman wawancara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 749, "width": 408, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengkonsumsi minuman seperti kopi telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "302 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 437, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "atau gaya hidup ( life style ) masyarakat saat ini. Kedai kopi menjadi tujuan yang diminati terutama kalangan muda untuk sekedar bersantai atau berkumpul dengan teman. Konsumen tidak hanya kalangan muda, orang tua dan kalangan pebisnis pun sering menghabiskan waktunya di kedai kopi untuk membahas rencana bisnisnya atau untuk bertemu dengan rekan kerjanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 152, "width": 437, "height": 141, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejak dahulu kopi identik diminum dan dipercaya dapat menghilangkan kantuk. Oleh karena alasan tersebut banyak orang suka meminum kopi pada saat ingin bergadang atau saat sekedar berkumpul bersama teman-teman. Setiap orang mempunyai cara yang berbeda untuk menikmati kopi. Cara tersebut dapat dengan memilih coffee yang indah dengan pelayanan mewah, dengan harapan bahwa konsumen akan merasa puas setelah ia mengorbankan sejumlah uang yang cukup besar di coffee yang mewah. Disamping itu ada yang memilih cara menikmati kopi di warung kopi biasa dengan harga yang relatif murah tetapi memberikan kepuasan rasa kopi yang dinikmatinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 298, "width": 430, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk dan layanan yang baik akan mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan para konsumen, dan jika produk dan layanan tidak diperhatikan maka tingkat kepuasan konsumen akan buruk. Konsumen merupakan pihak yang memegang peranan penting dalam menilai kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 362, "width": 437, "height": 109, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di masa persaingan sekarang ini pelanggan merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting untuk dipertahankan oleh perusahaan. Setiap perusahaan mempunyai tujuan untuk memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggannya, antara lain dengan mengetahui kebutuhan dan keinginan dari pelanggan. Konsep ini sering disebut konsep pemasaran yang memfokuskan pada kebutuhan pelanggan dengan sebaik-baiknya sehingga barang atau jasa yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan keinginan pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 476, "width": 430, "height": 174, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepuasan konsumen merupakan tingkat kepuasan seseorang setelah membandingkan (kinerja atau hasil) yang dirasakan dibandingkan dengan harapannya.jadi tingkat kepuasan adalah fungsi dari perbedaan antara kinerja yang dirasakan dengan harapan. konsumen bisa memahami salah satu dari tiga tingkat kepuasan umum yaitu kalau kinerja di bawah harapan, konsumen akan merasa kecewa, tetapi kinerja sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan akan merasa puas dan bila kinerja bisa melebihi harapan maka pelanggan akan merasa sangat puas senang atau sangat gembira. Untuk menciptakan kepuasan pelanggan, perusahaan menciptakan dan mengelola suatu sistem untuk memperoleh pelanggan yang lebih banyak dari kemampuan untuk mempertahankan pelanggannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 654, "width": 437, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adanya kepuasan konsumen dapat memberi manfaat, diantaranya Hubungan antara perusahaan dan para konsumen menjadi harmonis, memberikan dasar yang baik bagi pembelian ulang, dapat mendorong terciptanya loyalitas konsumen, membentuk suatu rekomendasi dari mulut ke mulut yang menguntngkan bagi perusahaan, reputasi perusahaan menjadi baik dimata konsumen dan laba yang diperoleh dapat meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 751, "width": 401, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Harapan konsumen memegang perananan penting dan sangat besar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "303", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 430, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengaruhnya dalam menentukan kualitas produk (barang dan jasa) dan mengevaluasinya konsumen akan menggunakan harapannya sebagai standar atau acuan. Karena konsumen adalah orang yang menerima hasil pekerjaan seseorang atau suatu organisasi, maka hanya merekalah yang dapat menentukan kualitasnya seperti apa dan hanya mereka yang dapat menyampaikan apa dan bagaimana kebutuhan mereka. Faktor-faktor yang menentukan konsumen meliputi kebutuhan pribadi, pengalaman masa lampau, rekomendasi dari mulut-mulut, dan iklan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 200, "width": 437, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan di Caffe antara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 232, "width": 436, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kualitas Kopi: Kualitas kopi yang baik adalah faktor utama dalam menciptakan kepuasan pelanggan di sebuah kafe. Rasa, aroma, dan kesegaran kopi yang disajikan harus memenuhi harapan pelanggan. Pemilihan biji kopi yang berkualitas tinggi, teknik pemanggangan yang tepat, dan persiapan kopi yang baik akan berdampak pada rasa kopi yang enak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 330, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Variasi Menu: Menyediakan variasi menu kopi yang beragam dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Hal ini memungkinkan pelanggan untuk memilih sesuai dengan preferensi dan selera mereka. Misalnya, menyediakan berbagai macam kopi single origin, espresso, cappuccino, latte, atau minuman kopi kreatif lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 411, "width": 436, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pelayanan yang Ramah dan Profesional: Pelayanan pelanggan yang baik sangat penting dalam menciptakan kepuasan pelanggan. Tim karyawan yang ramah, terlatih dengan baik, dan responsif akan memberikan pengalaman yang positif bagi pelanggan. Pelayanan yang cepat, akurat, dan ramah terhadap permintaan atau pertanyaan pelanggan akan meningkatkan kepuasan mereka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 508, "width": 436, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Lingkungan: Suasana dan lingkungan kafe juga berkontribusi pada kepuasan pelanggan. Ruang kafe yang nyaman, bersih, dan menarik, dengan dekorasi yang menarik dan musik yang menyenangkan, dapat menciptakan pengalaman yang menyenangkan bagi pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 573, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Konsistensi: Konsistensi dalam penyajian kopi dan pelayanan pelanggan juga sangat penting. Pelanggan mengharapkan konsistensi dalam rasa, kualitas, dan pengalaman yang mereka dapatkan setiap kali mereka mengunjungi kafe. Konsistensi ini akan membangun kepercayaan dan meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 654, "width": 436, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Personalisasi: Memberikan opsi personalisasi dalam pesanan kopi seperti pilihan jenis susu, tambahan sirup, atau topping lainnya, juga dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Ini memungkinkan mereka untuk menyesuaikan minuman sesuai dengan preferensi mereka sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 718, "width": 436, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Harga yang Adil: Menawarkan harga yang adil dan sesuai dengan kualitas dan pengalaman yang diberikan akan mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Pelanggan mengharapkan nilai yang sebanding antara harga yang mereka", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "304 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 71, "width": 214, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bayar dan kualitas yang mereka terima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 87, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Respons terhadap Umpan Balik: Menghargai umpan balik pelanggan dan mengambil tindakan yang sesuai dapat meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Mendengarkan keluhan, saran, atau masukan pelanggan dan berusaha untuk memperbaiki atau meningkatkan pelayanan dan produk kafe akan menciptakan hubungan yang positif dengan pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 168, "width": 436, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zulkarnaen dan Amin (2018), menyatakan bahwa terdapat tiga aspek kepuasan pelanggan yaitu : Loyal terhadap produk, adanya komunikasi yang positif dari mulut ke mulut dan perusahaan menjadi pertimbangan utama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 216, "width": 436, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Loyal terhadap produk, Konsumen yang terpuaskan cenderung akan menjadi loyal. Konsumen yang puas terhadap produk yang dikonsumsinya akan mempunyai kecenderungan untuk membeli ulang dari produsen yang sama. Keinginan untuk membeli ulang karena adanya keinginan untuk mengulang pengalaman yang baik dan menghindari pengalaman yang buruk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 313, "width": 436, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Adanya komunikasi dari mulut ke mulut yang bersifat positif, Kepuasan adalah merupakan faktor yang mendorong adanya komunikasi dari mulut ke mulut ( word of mouth comunnication ) yang bersifat positif. Hal ini dapat berupa rekomendasi kepada calon konsumen yang lain dan mengatakan halhal yang baik mengenai produk dan perusahaan yang menyediakan produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 411, "width": 436, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Perusahaan menjadi pertimbangan utama ketika membeli produk lain, Hal ini merupakan proses kognitif ketika adanya kepuasan, dimana konsumen lebih mengutamakan perusahaan yang sama untuk mendapatkan jasa atau produk dari perusahaan tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 476, "width": 430, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran kepuasan konsumen merupakan hal penting dalam rnenyediakan pelayanan yang lebih baik, tebih efisen dan lebih efektif pengukuran kepuasan konsumen rnerupakan suatu keadaan dimana, keinginan, harapan, dan kebutuhan konsumen dipenuhi. Suatu pelayanan dinilai memuaskan bila pelayanan tersebut dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan konsumen. Apabila konsumen merasa tidak puas terhadap suatu pelayanan yang disediakan, maka pelayanan tesebut dapat dipastikan tidak efektif dan efisien. Tingkat kepuasan konsumen kaulitas kopi dan kualitas pelayanan dapat diukur dari faktor-faktor berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 621, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Kualitas kopi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 638, "width": 430, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas cita rasa kopi merupakan perpaduan antara kualitas bahan baku serta cara pengolahan buah kopi. Adapun indikator kualitas kopi meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 670, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Aroma, beberapa karakteristik aroma kopi secara umum seperti earthy , spicy , floral , atau nutty .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 702, "width": 429, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Acidity atau kadar keasaman yaitu mengenai rasa asam yang terasa di lidah kita. Umumnya ada 3 level acidity yaitu Low, Medium, dan High Acidity.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 751, "width": 429, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Body adalah apakah kopi tersebut terasa berat/full pada mulut kita ketika", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "305", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 71, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kita menyeruput kopi tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Flavour yaitu karakter rasa dari kopi tersebut. Seperti fruity, cocoa, citrus, dan lain-lain pada kopi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 119, "width": 429, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Aftertaste adalah citarasa kopi yang bisa bertahan paling lama pada kopi. Aftertaste terjadi dikarenakan rasa yang kompleks yang menetap lebih lama pada rongga mulut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 168, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Sweetness merupakan rasa manis dalam kopi yang berbeda dengan dengan kopi ditambah gula.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 200, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pelayanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 216, "width": 430, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelayanan yaitu, suatu aktifitas atau serangkaian aktivitas yang bersifat tidak kasat mata (tidak dapat diraba) yang terjadi sebagai akibat adanya interaksi antara konsumen dengan karyawan atau hal-hal lain yang dimaksudkan untuk memecahkan permasalahan konsumen. Indikator pelayanan dalam penelitian ini antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 297, "width": 436, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Bukti langsung ( tangibles ), meliputi fasilitas fisik, perlengkapan, pegawai, dan sarana komunikasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 330, "width": 436, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Keandalan ( realbility ), yakni kemampuan memberikan pelayanan yang dijanjikan dengan segera, akurat, dan memuaskan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 362, "width": 436, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Daya tangkap ( responsiveness ), yaitu keinginan para staf dan karyawan untuk membantu para konsumen dan memberikan pelayanan dengan tanggap.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 411, "width": 436, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Jaminan ( assurance ), mencakup pengetahuan, kemampuan, kesopanan, dan sifat dapat dipercaya yang dimiliki para staf, bebas dari bahaya, risiko, dan keragu-raguan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 459, "width": 436, "height": 191, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Empati, meliputi kemudahan dalam melakukan hubungan, komunikasi yang baik, perhatian pribadi, dan memahami kebutuhan para pelanggan. Pelayanan adalah salah satu tindakan atau kegiatan yang dapat ditawarkan oleh suatu pihak kepada pihak lain, yang pada dasarnya tidak berwujud dan tidak mengakibatkan kepemilikan apapun. Produksinya dapat dikaitkan atau tidak berwujud atau tidak dikaitkan pada satu produk fisik. Pelayanan merupakan perilaku produsen dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen demi tercapainya kepuasan pada konsumen itu sendiri. Kotler juga mengatakan bahwa perilaku tersebut pada saat, sebelum dan sesudah terjadinya transaksi. Pada umumnya pelayanan yang bertaraf tinggi akan menghasilkan kepuasan yang tinggi serta pembelian ulang yang lebih sering, Kotler (2002).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 654, "width": 437, "height": 109, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan adalah upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan, serta ketetapan penyampaiannya untuk mengimbangi harapan pelanggan, kualitas jasa pelayanan merupakan kondisi dari kinerja yang dimiliki oleh suatu perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diartikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin, jika kualitas layanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "306 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 436, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang diberikan sudah cukup baik, bisa berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 103, "width": 430, "height": 125, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan ( service quality ) dapat diketahui dengan cara membandingkan persepsi para konsumen atas pelayanan yang nyata-nyata mereka terima dengan pelayanan yang sesungguhnya mereka harapkan terhadap atribut-atribut pelayanan suatu perusahaan. Jika jasa yang diterima atau dirasakan ( perceived service ) sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, maka kualitas pelayanan dipersepsikan sangat baik dan berkualitas. Sebaliknya jika jasa yang diterima lebih rendah daripada yang diharapkan, maka kualitas pelayanan dipersepsikan buruk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 233, "width": 430, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberian kepuasan pada pelanggan merupakan sesuatu yang penting bagi sebuah usaha termasuk Caffe titik koma Banjarmasin karena dengan memberikan kepuasan pada pelanggan maka akan dapat membuat pelanggan baru dan lama datang kembali. Sehingga pemilik harus sangat memperhatikan semua hal yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 314, "width": 437, "height": 44, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan pada Caffe titik koma Banjarmasin dengan mengarah kepada teori dari Kenedy dan Young dalam Supranto (2006) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 362, "width": 436, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Keberadaan Pelayanan ( availabity of service ) Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya kinerja karyawan Caffe titik koma Banjarmasin dalam melayani pelanggan sudah baik karena pramusaji dapat menghargai pelanggan dalam memilih minuman serta mampu melayani konsumen dengan baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 427, "width": 436, "height": 158, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Ketanggapan Pelayanan ( responsiveness of service ) Kesigapan pramusaji merupakan sikap siap membantu dan cepat tanggap pramusaji apabila pelanggan meminta bantuan mengenai pelayanan pada Caffe titik koma. Indikator dari kesigapan pramusaji Caffe titik koma adalah bagaimana ketika pramusaji diminta untuk menunggu beberapa saat ketika pelanggan memilih menu, dalam hal ini apabila pelanggan terlihat kurang mengerti terhadap menu yang ada maka penjelasan terhadap menu yang ditawarkan dapat mempercepat proses pemesanan. Pada hasil penelitian dilapangan konsumen merasa puas dengan kinerja karyawan untuk bersedia memberikan penjelasan kepada pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 589, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Ketepatan Pelayanan ( timeliness of service ) Kecepatan pramusaji dalam menyajikan makanan atau minuman merupakan atribut untuk mengukur waktu yang dibutuhkan pramusaji untuk menghidangkan menu makanan atau minuman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilapangan Caffe titik koma mendapatkan hasil yang memuaskan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 670, "width": 436, "height": 93, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Profesionalisme Pelayanan ( professionalism of sevice ) Melayani pelanggan adalah bagaimana pramusaji dapat membuat pelanggan merasa senang, dihormati, dan dihargai tanpa melihat pelanggan dari kalangan manapun, dari usia muda hingga muda, laki-laki atau perempuan. Pada penelitian ini keramahan pramusaji dalam melayani pelanggan dapat dilihat dari kesopanan pramusaji, sikap ramah, senyum dan sapa serta tutur kata yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "307", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 71, "width": 407, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "baik. Pramusaji yang ada pada Caffe titik koma ini sudah melayani pelanggan secara ramah, sopan dan santun sesuai SOP yang telah ditentukan. kinerja tersebut sudah sesuai harapan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 119, "width": 437, "height": 126, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil wawancara salah satu mahasiswi yang bernama Ifah, mengatakan bahwa “Tempat Caffe titik koma merupakan tempat yang nyaman dan tenang untuk nongkrong bersama teman- teman, dia juga mengatakan bahwa pelayanannya cukup baik kepada konsumennya serta puas dengan rasa minumannya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa caffe titik koma membuktikan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dinyatakan diterima dari segi kualitas pelayanan signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada caffe titik koma tersebut” (Hasil Wawancara, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 249, "width": 437, "height": 158, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesenangan konsumen mengunjungi caffe titik koma dapat disimpulkan Bahwa caffe titik koma adalah tempat yang tepat untuk menikmati minuman atau makanan, tidak hanya mengenai rasanya yang mempunyai ciri khas tetapi caffe titik koma juga menawarkan kenyamanan tempat bagi para pengunjungnya. Dilihat dari segi fasilitas, Caffe memang mempunyai sambungan internet wifi yang bisa dengan bebas digunakan pengunjung sehingga pengunjung dapat leluasa mengakses internet ataupun menyelesaikan tugas kuliah atau sekolahnya di Caffe. Di samping itu pelayanan yang ramah dan baik terhadap konsumen membuat caffe titik koma menjadi semakin diminati oleh anak muda khususnya mahasiswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 411, "width": 430, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin, peneliti menemukan hasil mengenai anak muda yang sudah menganggap budaya nongkrong menjadi suatu aktivitas yang sangat wajar untuk dilakukan, terbukti caffe titik koma sudah memfasilitasi anak muda untuk nongkrong dengan menawarkan suasana dan tempat yang nyaman serta didukung dengan sambungan internet gratis yang baik dan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 508, "width": 430, "height": 255, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada dasarnya anak muda sangat menyukai sebuah hiburan. Yang mana hiburan merupakan aktivitas yang sangat menyenangkan tidak hanya bagi anak muda tetapi bagi semua orang. Mereka berpendapat bahwa dengan mengunjungi caffe titik koma dapat mengurangi kepenatan dan lelahnya aktivitas sehari-hari. Karena caffe titik koma mempunyai suasana yang nyaman sehingga membuat fikiran terasa lebih tenang dan santai. Mengenai gaya hidup mahasiswa di caffe titik koma. Hal ini terlihat pada kesenangan para mahasiswa untuk mendatangi caffe titik koma seminggu bisa 2 kali bahkan lebih, yang menarik adalah mereka datang ke caffe titik koma tidak hanya untuk membeli minuman atau makanan dan langsung meninggalkan tempat begitu saja, tetapi mereka melakukan aktivitas lain seperti nongkrong, ngobrol berjam-jam dengan teman ataupun pasangan, sharing, mengerjakan tugas kuliah dan bahkan bertemu teman baru di caffe titik koma. Tentu ini suatu hal yang sangat menarik dimana bermula dari nongkrong telah menciptakan suatu gaya hidup baru pada zaman sekarang. Tidak hanya menjual minuman dan makanan layaknya tempat biasa lainnya, tetapi caffe titik koma juga telah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "308 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 430, "height": 222, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berhasil menjual kenyamanan tempat serta service yang baik kepada para pelanggan. Maka dari itu tidak heran jika kita melihat banyaknya orang yang senang berlama-lama menghabiskan waktu di Coffee Shop. Pada dasarnya konsumen mencoba untuk membandingkan antara “pelayanan yang dipersiapkan” atau “ the perceived service ” (pelayanan yang diperoleh juga disebut the out come) dengan pelayanan yang diharapkan ( the expected service ) bilamana pelayanan yang dipersepsikan atau yang diperoleh berada dibawah pelayanan yang diharapkan, maka konsumen menjadi kecewa. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitan Gunawan dan Kartika (2018) bahwa pelayanan yang dipersepsikan sama atau bahkan melebihi pelayanan yang mereka harapkan konsumen cenderung untuk menjadi puas dan ada kemungkinan mereka akan menggunakan jasa yang sama diwaktu yang akan datang. Tidak saja mampu memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggan tapi juga akan memberikan kejutan sehingga pelanggan menjadi sangat puas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 298, "width": 430, "height": 173, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strategi pemasaran adalah salah satu kegiatan pokok yang dilakukan oleh usaha untuk mempertahankan kelangsungan usaha, untuk berkembang, dan untuk mendapatkan laba. Proses pemasaran itu dimulai jauh sejak sebelum barangbarang diproduksi, dan tidak berakhir dengan penjualan. Kegiatan pemasaran usaha harus juga memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen jika menginginkan usahanya berjalan terus, atau konsumen mempunyai pandangan yang lebih baik terhadap usaha. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Mukhlis (2019), bahwa Strategi Pemasaran adalah penganalisaan, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan programprogram yang bertujuan menimbulkan pertukaran dengan pasar yang dituju dengan maksud untuk mencapai tujuan usaha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 476, "width": 430, "height": 222, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitan Gunawan dan Kartika (2018) bahwa Produk ( Product ), usaha harus menyediakan nilai bagi pelanggan, sekalipun tidak harus terwujud, seperti jasa. Pada dasarnya ada dua hal penting yang harus. Hal penting yang harus mencakup yaitu pengenalan produk baru atau penyempurnaan produk. Dilokasi penelitian yaitu Caffe Titik Koma menghadirkan produk atau menu yang berkualitas dan terbuat dari bahan-bahan yang bersih, steril dan aman. Variabel produk dapat mempengaruhi respon konsumen pada suatu perusahaan. Strategi penting dalam memasarkan suatu produk adalah kualitas sajian menu. Hal ini telah dilakukan oleh Caffe Titik Koma yang selalu mengutamakan kualiatas menu. Selain itu, pengembangan inovasi terus dilakukan dengan berencana menambahkan varian rasa dari setiap menu yang juga memiliki ciri khas tersendiri serta memberikan makanan dan minuman yang berkualitas agar para konsumen tidak kecewa dengan produk yang ditawarkan oleh Caffe Titik Koma.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 702, "width": 437, "height": 61, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain itu, penelitan Gunawan dan Kartika (2018) bahwa konsep harga ( Price ) tentu tidak berbeda dengan bauran pemasaran dimana penetapan harga harus kompetitif dan memberi keuntungan bagi usaha. Disamping itu, strategi penetapan harga juga harus mempertimbangkan diskon, penawaran, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "309", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 436, "height": 287, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebagainya. Cara menentukan harga yang tepat adalah dengan melihat harga jual pesaing sejenis, tentunya dengan kualitas menu makanan dan minuman yang kira-kira sama. Kemudian, tetapkan harga jual produk atau menu makanan tersebut sedikit lebih murah dari pada harga jual produk pesaing sejenis agar konsumen mau mencoba. Berdasarkan teori diatas, peneliti melakukan penelitian langsung lapangan menunjukkan bahwa strategi harga yang ditetapkan telah sesuai dengan teori yang ada. Hasil tersebut diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan Owner Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin yang telah menggunakan strategi marketing mix dalam memasarkan produk dengan harga yang ekonomis dan dapat dijangkau oleh semua kalangan. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan produk-produk yang ditawarkan oleh Caffe Titik Koma dengan kualiatas produk yang bermutu dan memiliki cita rasa yang khas. Harga kopi yang ditawarkan di Caffe Titik Koma bervariatif tergantung menu makanan dan minuman yang dibeli. Hal ini dijalankan oleh Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin karena harga menu makanan dan minuman di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin yang memiliki kualitas menu lebih baik baik dan memiliki ciri khas jika dibandingkan dengan penjual eceran dengan kualitas makanan dan minuman standar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 362, "width": 436, "height": 190, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian Afrianti dan Zulkifli (2017) mengatakan Distribusi ( Place ) yaitu mengacu pada tempat dimana konsumen dapat produk dan bagaimana produk menjangkau tempat tersebut. Upaya ini dilakukan untuk melalui saluran yang berbeda, seperti internet, grosir dan pengecer. Demikian pula dalam mendistribusikan jasa, bisa konsumen mendatangi usaha atau usaha yang mengunjungi konsumen. Usaha jasa dapat memilih bagaimana mendsitribusikan jasa dengan mempertibangkan keinginan dari konsumen. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan langsung dilapangan didapat bahwa sudah sesuai dengan teori. Hal tersebut diperoleh langsung dari Owner Caffe Titik Koma yakni dengan penerapan strategi lokasi yang dilakukan oleh Caffe Titik Koma dapat dikatakan memenuhi kriteria, lokasi yang mudah dijangkau. Penelitian Afrianti dan Zulkifli (2017) mengatakan bahwa Promosi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 557, "width": 429, "height": 76, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( Promotion ) yaitu mencakup berbagai cara untuk berkomunikasi dengan konsumen tentang apa yang ditawarkan oleh usaha. Komunikasi yang dimaksud adalah berkomunikasi tentang manfaat menggunakan produk atau jasa tertentu, bukan sekedar berbicara tentang fitur-fiturnya. Bauran pemasaran promosi terdiri dari beberapa hal-hal berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 637, "width": 436, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Periklanan, yaitu semua bentuk presentasi non pribadi dan promosi, ide, barang atau jasa yang dibayar oleh sponsor tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 670, "width": 436, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Promosi penjualan, yaitu insentif jangka pendek untuk mendorong pembeli atau penjualan produk atau jasa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 702, "width": 436, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Hubungan masyarakat yaitu membangun hubungan baik dengan berbagai kalangan untuk mendapatkan publisitas yang diinginkan, membangun citra perusahaan yang baik dan menangani atau menghadapi rumor berita dan kejadian yang tidak menyenangkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "310 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 71, "width": 436, "height": 44, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Penjualan personal, yaitu persentasi pribadi oleh wiraniaga perusahaan untuk tujuan menghasilkan penjualan dan membangun hubungan pelanggan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 119, "width": 436, "height": 45, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Pemasaran langsung yaitu hubungan langsung dengan konsumen individual yang ditargetkan secara cermat untuk memperoleh respon segera dan membangun habungan pelanggan secara langsung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 168, "width": 436, "height": 401, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Pemasaran online yaitu usaha perusahaan untuk memasarkan produk dan pelayanan serta membangun hubungan pelanggan melalui internet. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian langsung banyak hal yang terjadi dilapangan karena Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin melakukan aktivitas promosi dengan cara berusaha menyebarkan informasi tentang Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin agar semakin banyak pelanggan dan tentu ini akan mempengaruhi tingkat penjualan serta meningkatkan penghasilan. Adapun promosi yang dilakukan oleh Caffe Titik Koma yang pertama adalah memperkenalkna menu makanan dan minuman Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin kepada masyarakat melalui persentase lisan atau pemberitahuan lisan dalam suatu percakapan dengan satu calon pembeli ditujukan untuk menciptakan penjualan. Yang kedua, Owner Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin juga mempromosikan melalui keluarga, dari teman ke teman, media sosial untuk setiap menu yang ada agar konsumen dapat melihat setiap menu yang ditawarkan dan promosi-promosi yang sedang berlaku. Namun promosi tetap berupaya semaksimal mungkin untuk menarik perhatian banyak para pembeli. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Ahyar (2021) bahwa memaksismalkan sistem pelayanan perusahaan, artinya adalah perusahan bekerja semaksimal mungkin dalam melayani nasabah, seperti mempercepat proses pengiriman, menjaga kulaitas abarang kiriman, menjaga kualitas pelayan, hingga tercapainya kepuasan pelanggan yang diharapkan. Membuat sistem pelayanan yang menarik minat pelanggan, maksudnya adalah bagaimana CV. Karya Mitra Sejahtera dalam melayani pelanggan dengan memberikan penawaran yang menarik seperti promosi, hingga kepada kenyamanan yang di berikan berupa kelayakan sarana untuk menunjang berjalannya perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 573, "width": 430, "height": 158, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan adalah tingkat perasaan pelanggan setelah membeli berulang-ulang dan membandingkan antara apa yang dia terima dan harapkan atau lebih jelasnya suatu keadaan dinamis yang berkaitan erat dengan produk, jasa, sumber daya manusia, serta proses dan lingkungan yang setidaknya dapat memenuhi atau malah dapat melebihi kepuasan pelanggan yang diharapkan. Ahyar (2021) dalam penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sebelumnya menyatakan bahwa semakin tinggi kualitas pelayanan dan kualitas produk maka semakin tinggi kepuasan pelanggan yang artinya kepuasan pelanggan didasari oleh faktor-faktor dari kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 794, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 506, "top": 796, "width": 18, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "311", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 71, "width": 57, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 87, "width": 430, "height": 336, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dengan hasil pembahasan diatas, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Pengukuran kepuasan konsumen merupakan hal penting dalam rnenyediakan pelayanan yang lebih baik, tebih efisen dan lebih efektif pengukuran kepuasan konsumen rnerupakan suatu keadaan dimana, keinginan, harapan, dan kebutuhan konsumen dipenuhi. Suatu pelayanan dinilai memuaskan bila pelayanan tersebut dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan konsumen. Kepuasan pelanggan adalah tingkat perasaan pelanggan setelah membeli berulang-ulang dan membandingkan antara apa yang dia terima dan harapkan atau lebih jelasnya suatu keadaan dinamis yang berkaitan erat dengan produk, jasa, sumber daya manusia, serta proses dan lingkungan yang setidaknya dapat memenuhi atau malah dapat melebihi kepuasan pelanggan yang diharapkan. Kualitas pelayanan adalah upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan, serta ketetapan penyampaiannya untuk mengimbangi harapan pelanggan, kualitas jasa pelayanan merupakan kondisi dari kinerja yang dimiliki oleh suatu perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diartikan bahwa kualitas pelayanan mempunyai pengaruh terhadap kepuasan konsumen di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin, jika kualitas layanan yang diberikan sudah cukup baik, bisa berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 427, "width": 430, "height": 125, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin harus menginvestasikan waktu dan sumber daya dalam pelatihan dan pengembangan karyawan mereka. Pelatihan yang efektif akan membantu karyawan memperoleh keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk memberikan pelayanan yang baik dan responsif kepada pelanggan. Pelatihan dapat mencakup komunikasi efektif, keterampilan interpersonal, pengetahuan tentang produk, dan penanganan keluhan pelanggan. Dengan meningkatkan kompetensi karyawan, kualitas pelayanan secara keseluruhan dapat ditingkatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 580, "width": 85, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 619, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdussamad, H. Z.. (2021). Metode penelitian kualitatif . CV. Syakir Media Press. Hal. 78.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 658, "width": 429, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afrianti, R. (2017). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Lokasi Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Citra Laundry Kota Pariaman. Menara Ilmu , 11(78).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 712, "width": 429, "height": 45, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahyar, G. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Karya Mitra Sejahtera Cabang Mantang Desa Bujak Kecematan Batukliang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah) (Doctoral dissertation,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 36, "width": 378, "height": 19, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan di Caffe Titik Koma Banjarmasin Noor Annisa, Husnurrofiq, Abdul Kadir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 782, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "312 Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Perbankan Syariah (JIMPA) Vol. 3, No. 2 September 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 131, "top": 71, "width": 215, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 93, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arifin, H. S. (2019). Pemasaran Era Milenium . Deepublish. 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[ { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 223, "height": 315, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berbagai literatur dan hasil penelitian mengungkap bahwa betapa strategisnya peran pemimpin dalam organisasi. Dengan demikian maka isu kepemimpinan akan selalu menarik untuk dikaji secara mendalam. Apalagi jika pemimpin tersebut berhubungan dengan nasib orang banyak, kita sebutlah salah satunya adalah Bupati yang menjadi pemimpin di tingkat kabupaten di sebuah provinsi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis tertarik mengambil kabupaten Bengkalis sebagai lokus dalam penelitian, selain kabupaten ini menjadi kabupaten terkaya di provinsi Riau dengan APBD rata-rata sekitar 4 triliun per tahun, sayangnya di Kabupaten ini sudah dua orang Bupati yang tersangkut masalah hukum, yakni Herlian Saleh Bupati di priode 2010-2015 yang sudah menjadi terdakwa dalam kasus bantuan sosial dan Amiril Mukminin Bupati priode 2015-2020 yang sudah menjadi tersangka oleh KPK dalam kasus korupsi pembangunan jalan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 223, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagi para pemimpin politik, kepemimpinan adalah kepercayaan yang harus dijaga karena proses keterpilihannya di lakukan melalui proses Pemilu. Untuk itu bagi siapapun yang ingin menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 385, "width": 215, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pemimpin politik maka harus memiliki sauatu karakter yang di sukai oleh pemilihnya dalam hal ini adalah masyarakat didaerah tersebut. Karakter atau watak adalah suatu sifat bathin yang mempengaruhi segenap fikiran, perilaku, budi pekerti, dan tabiat yang dimiliki oleh manusia. Proses terbentuknya karakter melalui tindakan yang menjadi kebiasaan- kebiasan sehingga melekat menjadi karakter bagi seseorang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 537, "width": 216, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bagi seorang pemimpin politik tentunya penting memiliki suatu karakter yang dapat menjadi daya pikat keterpilihannya dalam kompetisi demokrasi yang saat ini eranya one man one vote . Seringkali bahkan ada calon pemimpin yang mengkamuflase dirinya agar terlihat memiliki karakter yang memikat agar dapat dipilih oleh masyarakat. Tidak sedikit juga calon kepala daerah yang membuat tage line yang bisa jadi tidak sesuai dengan karakter diri dia yang sesungguhnya. Dari latar belakang permasalahan di atas penulis mengambil judul penelitian “Analisis karakter pemimpin yang paling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 85, "width": 419, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Karakter Pemimpin Yang Paling Disukai Dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah Di Kabupaten Bengkalis Pada Bulan Desember Tahun 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 155, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "YUSRIADI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 180, "width": 339, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Riau Jl. HR. Soebrantas Panam, Tuah Karya, Kec. Tampan, Kota Pekanbaru, Riau 28293 E-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 238, "width": 381, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract : This study aims to determine what kind of leader character the Bengkalis community likes the most in the Election of Regional Head Candidates which will be held in December 2020. Sampling was carried out using the multi-stage random sampling method with a sample size of 410 people spread over eleven sub-districts. is in Bengkalis Regency, taking into account the percentage of the number of voters in each district. With a confidence level of 95%, the result is that the most preferred prospective leader is the character of a leader who likes to help, has a social spirit and the highest attention is 20.6%, then the two candidates who have experience in leading and have good performance are in the second position of 14.1 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 353, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Leader Character.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 51, "width": 410, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Karakter Pemimpin Yang Paling Disukai Dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah Di Kabupaten Bengkalis Pada Bulan Desember Tahun 2020 (Yusriadi)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 786, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Daya Saing (Vol. 6, No. 3 Oktober 2020)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 334, "top": 786, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p.ISSN: 2407-800X e.ISSN: 2541-4356", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "252", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 84, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "disukai dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah di Kabupaten Bengkalis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 112, "width": 222, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter pemimpin seperti apa yang paling di sukai oleh masyarakat Bengkalis yang hasilnya dapat memberikan informasi kepada para calon pemimpin kepala daerah Bengkalis pada khususnya dan didaerah lain pada umumnya untuk memiliki karakter yang sesuai dengan keinginan masyarakat yang akan memilihnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 223, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan menurut para ahli memiliki penegertian yang berbeda-beda. Berikut ini terdapat beberapa pengertian pemimpin diataranya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 305, "width": 223, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut H. Achmad Sanusi & M. Sobari (2009) pemimpin adalah seseorang yang mampu mempengaruhi orang lain untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu yang diinginkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 374, "width": 222, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan menurut Robbins (2009) sebagai kemampuan untuk mempengaruhi suatu kelompok guna mencapai sebuah visi, atau serangkaian tujuan yang ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 222, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hasibuan (2011) pemimpin adalah seseorang yang mempergunakan wewenang dan kepemimpinannya untuk mengarahkan orang lain serta bertanggung jawab atas pekerjaan orang tersebut dalam mencapai suatu tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 526, "width": 222, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Kartomo (2010) pemimpin adalah seorang pribadi yang memiliki kecakapan dan kelebihan , khususnya kecakapan dan kelebihan disuatu bidang sehingga dia mampu mempengaruhi orang lain untuk bersama- sama melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas tertentu demi pencapaian satu atau beberapa tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 637, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan dalam organisasi mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan dan berbagai sasaran yang telah ditetapkan dalam rencana strategi, sehingga efektivitas kepemimpinan dari para pimpinan merupakan hal yang sangat didambakan oleh semua pihak yang berkepentingan dalam keberhasilan oraganisasi. Fungsi kepemimpinan merupakan gejala sosial,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 84, "width": 216, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "karena harus diwujudkan dalam interaksi antar individu di dalam situasi sosial suatu kelompok atau organisasi. Veithzal (2003), mengemukakan bahwa fungsi kepemimpinan memiliki 2 (dua) dimensi, yaitu : Dimensi yang berkenaan dengan tingkat kemampuan mengarahkan ( direction ) dalam tindakan atau aktivitas pemimpin. Dimensi yang berkenaan dengan tingkat dukungan ( support ) atau keterlibatan orang-orang yang dipimpin dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas pokok kelompok atau organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 264, "width": 216, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara operasional dapat dibedakan dalam 5 (lima ) fungsi pokok kepemimpinan, yaitu : Fungsi instruktif. Fungsi ini bersifat komunikasi satu arah. Pemimpin sebagai komunikator merupakan pihak yang menentukan apa, bagaimana, dan di mana perintah itu dikerjakan agar keputusan dapat dilaksanakan secara efektif. Kepemimpinan yang efektif memerlukan kemampuan untuk menggerakkan dan memotivasi orang lain agar mau melaksanakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 414, "top": 430, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perintah. Fungsi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 443, "width": 216, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "konsultatif. Fungsi ini bersifat komunikasi dua arah. Konsultasi ini dimaksudkan untuk memperoleh masukan berupa umpan balik ( feed back ) untuk memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan keputusan-keputusan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 512, "width": 215, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang telah ditetapkan dan dilaksanakan. Dengan melaksanakan fungsi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 540, "width": 216, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "konsultatif diharapkan keputusan-keputusan pimpinan akan mendapat dukungan, sehingga kepemimpinan berlangsung efektif. Fungsi partisipasi. Fungsi ini pemimpin dapat mengaktifkan seluruh bawahannya, baik dalam keikutsertaan mengambil keputusan maupun melaksanakannya. Partisipasi dilakukan secara terkendali, terarah berupa kerjasama dengan tidak ikut campur atau mengambil tugas pokok orang lain. Keikutsertaan pimpinan harus tetap dalam fungsi kepemimpinan. Fungsi delegasi. Fungsi ini merupakan pelimpahan wewenang membuat/menetapkan keputusan, baik melalui persetujuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 51, "width": 410, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Karakter Pemimpin Yang Paling Disukai Dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah Di Kabupaten Bengkalis Pada Bulan Desember Tahun 2020 (Yusriadi)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 786, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Daya Saing (Vol. 6, No. 3 Oktober 2020)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 334, "top": 786, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p.ISSN: 2407-800X e.ISSN: 2541-4356", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 52, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "253", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 84, "width": 223, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maupun tanpa persetujuan dari pimpinan. Fungsi delegatif pada dasarnya kepercayaan, orang menerima delegasi harus diyakini merupakan pembantu pimpinan yang memiliki kesamaan prinsip, persepsi dan aspirasi. Fungsi pengendalian. Fungsi pengendalian adalah kepemimpinan yang efektif mampu mengatur aktivitas anggotanya secara terarah dan dalam koordinasi yang efektif, sehingga memungkinkan tercapainya tujuan bersama secara maksimal. Fungsi pengendalian dapat diwujudkan melalui bimbingan, pengarahan, koordinasi, dan pengawasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 278, "width": 223, "height": 273, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sondang P. Siagian (2003) Karena kemampuan mengambil keputusan merupakan kriteria utama dalam menilai efektivitas kepemimpinan seseorang, berarti ada kriteria lain yang dapat dan biasanya digunakan. Berbagai kriteria itu berkisar pada kemampuan seorang pemimpin menjalankan berbagai fungsi- fungsi kepemimpinan. Lima fungsi-fungsi kepemimpinan yang dibahas secara singkat adalah sebagai berikut : Pemimpin selaku penentu arah yang akan ditempuh dalam usaha mencapai tujuan, Wakil dan juru bicara organisasi dalam hubungan dengan pihak-pihak diluar organisasi, Pemimpin selaku komunikator yang efektif, Mediator yang handal, khususnya dalam hubungan ke dalam, terutama dalam menangani situasi konflik, Pimpinan selaku intergrator yang efektif, rasional, objektif dan netral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 222, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan riset yang telah dilakukan sesuai dengan riset yang dilakukan oleh Kouzes & Posner (2004) dimana ada 20 karakter pemimpin ada 20 karakteristik dari seorang pemimpin : 1) Jujur, 2) Berorientasi ke depan, 3) Kompeten, 4) Membangkitkan semangat, 5) Cerdas, 6) Berwawasan adil, 7) Berwawasan luas, 8) Mendukung, 9) Dapat dipercaya, 10) Dapat diandalkan, 11) Kooperatof, 12) Tegas, 13) Imajinatif, 14) Ambisius, 15) Berani, 16) Perhatian, 17) Dewasa, 18) Setia, 19) Pengendalian diri, 20) Independen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 747, "width": 222, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Sondang P. Siagian (2003) Teori tentang analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 84, "width": 216, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kepemimpinan berdasarkan ciri yang dalam Bahasa Inggris dikenal dengan “ traits theory ” memberi petunjuk bahwa karakteristik pemimpin itu adalah : 1) Pengetahuan umum yang luas, 2) Kemampuan untuk bertumbuh dan berkembang, 3) Sifat inkuisitif, 4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 181, "width": 215, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan analitif, 5) Daya ingat yang kuat, 6) Kapasitas integratif, 7) Kemampuan berkomunikasi secara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 222, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "efektif, 8) Keterampilan mendidik, 9)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 236, "width": 215, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rasionalitas, 10) Objektivitas, 11) Pragmatisme, 12) Kemampuan menentukan skala prioritas, 13)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 278, "width": 216, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan membedakan yang urgen dan yang penting, 14) Rasa tepat waktu, 15) Rasa kohesi yang tinggi, 16) Naluri relevansi, 17) Keteladanan, 18) Kesediaan menjadi pendengar yang baik, 19) Adaptabilitas, 20) Fleksibititas, 21) Ketegasan, 22) Keberanian, 23) Orientasi masa depan, 24) Sikap yang antisipatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 388, "width": 216, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Amirullah (2015) Analisis yang terkait pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Stogdill (1974) mengungkapkan sejumlah karakter yang secara konsisten menunjukkan ciri- ciri pemimpin efektitif. Karakter-karakter tersebut adalah: 1) Rasa tanggung jawab, 2) Semangat, 3) Kemauan keras, 4) Mengambil resiko, 5) Orisinalitas, 6) Kepercayaan diri, 7) Kapasitas untuk menangani tekanan, 8) Kapasitas untuk mempengaruhi, 9) 10) Kapasitas untuk mengkoordinasikan apa upaya-upaya orang lain dalam mencapai tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 581, "width": 222, "height": 191, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakteristik seorang pemimpin menurut Burt Nanus (2001) yaitu harus dapat mewujudkan kompetensinya melalui empat peran yaitu : Peran pelatih ( motivator ) yang merupakan peran yang dilakukan pada lingkungan internal dan dalam dimensi waktu sekarang. Tugasnya tak lain adalah pembentuk tim yang memberdayakan orang-orang, menghidupkan visi dan membangun kepercayaan. Peran juru bicara merupakan peran yang diarahkan pada pihak eksternal, juru bicara dipahami sebagai tindakan pemimpin untuk menjadi sarana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 51, "width": 410, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Karakter Pemimpin Yang Paling Disukai Dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah Di Kabupaten Bengkalis Pada Bulan Desember Tahun 2020 (Yusriadi)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 786, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Daya Saing (Vol. 6, No. 3 Oktober 2020)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 334, "top": 786, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p.ISSN: 2407-800X e.ISSN: 2541-4356", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 52, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "254", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 84, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan penyampai pesan bagi organisasi, negosiator dalam berhubungan dengan pihak lain, membangun kerja sama dan membentuk jaringan eksternal. Peran sebagai agen perubahan, ditujukan kepada lingkungan internal, tetapi untuk sasaran masa depan. Tugas pemimpin dalam hal ini adalah : a) merangsang perubahan internal, b) menciptakan sense of urgency dan prioritas dan, c) melihat dan mengantisipasi perubahan eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 236, "width": 222, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran sebagai penentu arah yang memiliki arti mau kemana organisasi akan dibawa pada masa depan, dengan demikian tugas pemimpin tak lain adalah : (1) menetapkan sasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 291, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 305, "width": 223, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mempertimbangkan lingkungan eksternal masa depan yang menjadi tujuan pengerahan seluruh sumber daya organisasi, (2) menyusun berbagai langkah menuju sasaran yang merupakan sebuah kemajuan, (3) menetapkan visi yang merangsang semua anggota organisasi agar bersedia membantu merealisasikannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 222, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Bengkalis dari tanggal 26 Pebruari sampai dengan 20 Maret 2020. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah warga masyarakat Bengkalis yang berusia 17 tahun keatas dan bukan anggota TNI/Polri yang dipilih secara acak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 540, "width": 223, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif presentase, dimana jawaban dari kuesioner yang yang telah disebar, dianalisis dengan rumus persentase. Selanjutnya penentuan kategori karakteristik pemimpin disajikan dalam bentuk tabel yang diurut berdasarkan persentase tertinggi sampai terendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 223, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 410 orang dengan rincian 50% laki-laki, 50% perempuan, jumlah sampel ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah persentase jumlah pemilih di Sebelas kecamatan dengan rincian, Kecamatan Mandau sebesar 25,62 %, Bengkalis 15,34%, Bathin Solapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 84, "width": 216, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14,49%, Pinggir 11,22%, Bantan 8,56%, Rupat 6,59%, Siak Kecil 4,64%, Talang Muandau 4,10%, Bukit Batu 3,82%, Rupat Utara 2,85%, Bandar Laksamana 2,81%. Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan responden yangn berusia dibawah 20 tahun 1,4%, 21- 30 tahun 19,6%, 31-40 tahun 28%, 41-50 tahun 30,8%, 51-60 tahun 13,5%, dan diatas 60 tahun 6,7%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 209, "width": 216, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pekerjaan responden, ibu rumah tangga 35,2%, petani 16,2%, pedagang 11,2%, pegawai swasta 10,1%, buruh/tukang 8,9%, PNS/ Guru/ Pensiunan 4%, pelajar/mahasiswa 2,9%, nelayan 1,5% dan lain-lain 7% sedangkan yang tidak menjawab apa pekerjaannya 3.1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 305, "width": 215, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan agama responden, yang beragama Islam sebanyak 85,7%, Kristen Prostestan 10,7%, Katolik 1,9%, Budha 1,3%, Konghucu 0,3%, tidak menjawab 0,2%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 374, "width": 215, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan suku responden, yang bersuku jawa 37,7%, Melayu 29,3%, Batak 14%, Minang Kabau 12,6%, Tionghoa 1,3%, lain-lain 3,5%, dan yang tidak menjawab sebesar 1,6%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 443, "width": 215, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan yang tidak tamat SD sebesar 4,5%, tamat SD 23,7%, tamat SMP 18%, Tamat SMU 44,9%, tamat DII/DIII 2%, tamat S1/S2 6,1% dan yang tidak menjawab 0,9%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 512, "width": 216, "height": 108, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan per Bulan yang dibawah Rp.1.000.000,- : 22,6%, yang berada diantara Rp.1.000.001- Rp.3.000.000,- : 59,1%, yang berada diantara Rp.3.000.001-Rp.5.000.000,- : 14%, yang berada diatas Rp.5.000.000,- : 2%, sedangkan yang tidak menjawab sebesar 2,3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 637, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 650, "width": 216, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan jawaban 410 responden dari pernyataan manakah diantara hal-hal di bawah ini yang paling dipertimbangkan Bapak/Ibu dalam memilih di Pilkada Kabupaten Bengkalis mendatang ? maka berikut hasil jawabannya yang di urut berdasarkan persentase terbesar :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 747, "width": 197, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Calon suka membantu, berjiwa sosial dan perhatian sebesar 20,6%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 51, "width": 410, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Karakter Pemimpin Yang Paling Disukai Dalam Pemilihan Calon Kepala Daerah Di Kabupaten Bengkalis Pada Bulan Desember Tahun 2020 (Yusriadi)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 786, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Daya Saing (Vol. 6, No. 3 Oktober 2020)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 334, "top": 786, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p.ISSN: 2407-800X e.ISSN: 2541-4356", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 507, "top": 52, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "255", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 84, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Calon berpengalaman memimpin dan berkinerja bagus 14,1%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 112, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Calon jujur dan tidak korupsi sebesar 12,9%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 140, "width": 204, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Calon baik dan tidak sombong sebesar 11,7%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 167, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Calon beribawa dan tegas sebesar 6,5%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 195, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Suka dengan program calon sebesar 2,4%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 222, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Yang menjawab tidak tau dan tidak menjawab sebesar 21,4%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 225, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil jawaban responden untuk menjadi pemimpin disuatu daerah maka diurutan pertama dengan persentase sebesar 20,6% seseorang harus memiliki karakter suka membantu, berjiwa sosial dan perhatian.. Ini sesuai dengan riset yang dilakukan oleh Kouzes & Posner (2004) dimana ada 20 karakter pemimpin adapun nomor Sepuluh dapat diandalkan dan nomor Enam belas memiliki perhatian. Untuk urutan kedua karakter pemimpim yang disukai adalah berpengalaman memimpin dan berkinerja baik. Ini juga sesuai dengan riset yang dilakukan Kouzes & Posner (2004) dimana seorang pemimpin itu harus memiliki kompetensi agar dapat berkinerja secara maksimal. Sedangkan untuk urutan ke tiga adalah jujur dan tidak korupsi. Untuk kejujuran ini masih sama halnya dengan riset Kouzes & Posner (2004) dimana Duapuluh karakter seorang pemimpin yang pertama adalah kejujuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 568, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 581, "width": 223, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakter suka membantu, berjiwa sosial dan penuh perhatian, menjadi karakter yang paling disukai oleh masyarakat di Kabupaten Bengkalis, sehingga ini menjadi suatu referensi bagi para calon Kepala Daerah yang ingin maju sebagai Bupati. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di kabupaten Bengkalis menginginkan pemimpin yang selalu bertemu dengan masyarakat dan dapat memberikan bantuan serta perhatian kepada masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 733, "width": 223, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat Bengkalis juga menginginkan pemimpin yang memiliki kinerja yang baik. Artinya seorang pemimpin harus memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 84, "width": 215, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kompetensi yang cukup sehingga dalam bekerja dapat menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan apa yang harapkan oleh masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 140, "width": 216, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masyarakat Bengkalis juga menginginkan pemimpin yang jujur dan tidak korupsi. Hal disebabkan karena para pemimpinnya sebelumnya mempunyai permasalahan hukum, yakni melakukan perbuatan korupsi sehingga ini sangat membekas di fikiran dan hati masyarakat Bengkalis. Dengan demikian seorang pemimpin yang akan dipilih nantinya harus memiliki karakter bersih, jujur dan anti terhadap perbuatan korupsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 305, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 333, "width": 216, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Sanusi & M. Sobari, 2009. Kepemimpinan Sekarang dan Masa Depan, cetakan pertama,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 374, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prospect, Bandung.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 400, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Sanusi & M. Sobari, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 414, "width": 216, "height": 64, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan Sekarang dan Masa Depan, cetakan pertama, Prospect, Bandung. Amirullah.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 467, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2015. Kepemimpinan &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 493, "width": 212, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerjasama Tim . Jakarta : Mitra Wacana Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 533, "width": 216, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burt , Nanus,1992, Visionary Leadership : Creating a Compelling Sense of Direction for Your Organization ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 574, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "San Fransisco, Jossey- Bass", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 588, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Publishers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 614, "width": 218, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasibuan, Melayu S P. 2011. ManajemenSumber", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 355, "top": 641, "width": 173, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daya Manusia . Jakarta : PT. Bumi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 681, "width": 213, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kartono, Kartini Dr. 2010. Pemimpin dan Kepemimpinan . Jakarta : PT. Raja Grafindo Perkasa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 734, "width": 216, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kouzes, J. M.,& Posner, B.J. 2004. Leadership Challenge (3 rd ed.) 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[ { "left": 119, "top": 86, "width": 310, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "PESAN ALQURAN TENTANG AKHLAK (Analisis Hermeneutis Double Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q.S. al-H{ujura>t Ayat 11-13)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 167, "width": 126, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 181, "width": 280, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Jalan Perjuangan By Pass Sunyaragi, Cirebon Jurusan Ilmu Alquran dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin Adab Dakwah Institut Agama Islam Negeri Syekh Nurjati Cirebon", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 230, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 350, "height": 251, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Akhlak merupakan aplikasi dari kepribadian seseorang. Akhlak selalu menjadi cerminan pribadi individu. Terlepas dari apa yang menjadi latar belakang seseorang dalam berinteraksi, akhlak selalu menjadi fokus utama dalam menilai prilaku. Pembahasan mengenai akhlak sudah menjadi materi usang yang banyak dibahas, baik secara langsung ataupun hanya menyisipkan sebagian kecil dalam pembahasan. Pembahasan mengenai akhlak yang banyak dibicarakan nampaknya hanya berakhir di tatanan konsep tanpa adanya pengaplikasian. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari banyaknya kasus yang terjadi. Setelah ditelisik, semuanya menyimpang dari nilai-nilai moral. Hal itu hendaknya menjadi perhatian bahwa ‘akhlak’ harus dikebumikan kedalam ‘dunia’ yang aplikatif, terutama nilai-nilai akhlak sebagaimana yang dipesankan dalam Alquran. Penelitian ini menelusuri nilai-nilai akhlak yang terkandung dalam Q.S Al-H{ujura>t ayat 11-13 dengan menggunakan metode penafsiran analitis ( tah}lili> ) dan teori double movement yang digagas Fazlur Rahman. Kata Kunci: akhlak, Fazlur Rahman, double movement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 510, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 524, "width": 322, "height": 139, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Morals are applications of one's personality. Morals are always a personal reflection of individuals. Regardless of what constitutes a person's background in interacting, morality is always the main focus in assessing behavior. Discussion of morals has become an outdated material that is widely discussed, either directly or simply inserting a small part in the discussion. The discussion about morals that are talked about a lot seems to only end up in the order of the concept without the application. This can be seen from the number of cases that occur. After being examined, everything deviates from moral values. It should be a concern that", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "454", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 86, "width": 322, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "\"morals\" must be interrelated into the applicable \"world\", especially the moral values as ordered in the Qur'an. This study traces the moral values contained in Q.S Al-H {ujura> t verses 11- 13 using analytical interpretation methods (tah} lili>) and the double movement theory initiated by Fazlur Rahman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 262, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Keywords: morals, Fazlur Rahman, double movement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 378, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fakta sejarah membuktikan bahwa bangsa-bangsa yang diabadikan dalam Alquran, seperti kaum ‘A<d, Thamu>d, Madyan, dan juga Saba>’ , maupun bangsa-bangsa yang banyak diceritakan dalam buku-buku tentang sejarah menunjukkan bahwa “suatu bangsa yang kokoh akan runtuh bila akhlaknya rusak”. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 377, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Salah satu pembuktian dari statement tersebut dapat dilihat dari banyaknya ayat-ayat Alquran yang mengabadikan rendahnya kualitas akhlak manusia dibawah rezim Fir’aun. Indikatornya adalah kaum Fir’aun yang kala itu menentang kebenaran berita yang dibawa oleh Nabi Musa, dan atas deklarasi yang dilakukan Fir’aun bahwa dirinya adalah tuhan. Sebagai konsekuensi dari penolakan tersebut, kaum Fir’aun pun berakhir tragis dengan ditimpa azab dari Allah Swt.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 367, "width": 329, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ْﻢُﻬَـﻴِﺸَﻏ ﺎَﻣ ِّﻢَﻴْﻟا َﻦِﻣ ْﻢُﻬَـﻴِﺸَﻐَـﻓ ِﻩِدﻮُﻨُِﲜ ُنْﻮَﻋْﺮِﻓ ْﻢُﻬَﻌَـﺒْـﺗَﺄَﻓ “Maka fir'aun dengan bala tentaranya mengejar mereka, lalu mereka ditutup oleh laut yang menenggelamkan mereka”. (Q.S. T{aha>: 78). 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 446, "width": 377, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Para ulama pun gemar memperingatkan mengenai akhlak. Salah satu peringatannya adalah bahwa kejayaan suatu bangsa bergantung kepada keteguhan akhlak, budi pekerti, serta moral bangsa itu sendiri. Biasanya peringatan para ulama itu selalu disampaikan dalam bentuk syair Arab, yang artinya adalah, “sesungguhnya bangsa-bangsa itu akan tegak selama akhlaknya tegak, dan jika akhlaknya runtuh maka akan runtuh pulalah bangsa-bangsa itu”. 3 Sebenarnya tidak ada bukti kebenaran objektif mengenai syair Arab diatas jika akhlak diartikan sebatas pengertian etika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 377, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "1 Suwito, “Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Menurut Ibn Miskawaih”, Disertasi Doktoral. (Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, 1995).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "2 Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Alquran dan Terjemahnya (Semarang: CV. Toha Putra, 1989), 485.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 376, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "3 Nurcholish Madjid, Pintu-pintu Menuju Tuhan (Jakarta: Paramadina dan Dian Rakyat Press, 1994).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "455", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 377, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "sosial saja. Akhlak yang dimaksud dalam syair Arab diatas hanya berorientasi pada perilaku dalam sebuah tatanan sosial. Memang tidak ada yang salah dengan pengertian tersebut. Hal tersebut sudah menjadi pendapat para pakar ilmu-ilmu sosial yang menyatakan bahwa bangsa yang kuat salah satu indikatornya adalah bangsa yang etikanya tegar, tidak lemah dan mudah patah arah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 377, "height": 167, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Nabi Muhammad Saw diutus sebagai Rasul dengan tujuan menyampaikan risalah kebenaran. Selain itu, Rasulullah Saw juga bertanggung jawab dalam membenahi tatanan sosial masyarakat Arab saat itu yang jika dilihat dari segi kaca mata budaya sudah jauh melewati batas perilaku kemanusiaan. Oleh karenanya semua sepakat menyatakan bahwa zaman itu adalah zaman jahiliah (kebodohan). Hal ini ditandai --salah satunya-- dengan membudayanya tradisi mengubur anak-anak yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Hal itu dikarenakan anak tersebut dianggap aib bagi keluarga. Fanatisme kesukuan yang meningkat dapat menyebabkan hilangnya nilai-nilai kemanusiaan dalam sebuah masyarakat. Dengan demikian, kondisi tersebut menyebabkan lumrahnya pembunuhan di antara masyarakat Arab kala itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 378, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Perlu diakui bahwa ‘kebesaran’ Nabi Muhammad sangat dititik beratkan kepada ketinggian dan kemuliaan budi pekerti yang dimilikinya. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa dalam dunia keilmuan, kajian tentang akhlak harus menjadi pondasi utama. Karena tujuan pendidikan dalam perspektif Islam pada hakikatnya adalah membentuk karakter insan yang berakhlak agung dan mulia. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 378, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Akhlak yang mulia ( akhla>q al-Kari>mah ) sudah dapat dipastikan akan memperkuat posisi seseorang dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat. Seseorang akan mendapat kedudukan yang spesial di tengah-tengah masyarakat ketika perilaku yang dicerminkan adalah akhlak-akhlak Rasulullah yang diamalkan. Selain meneladani Rasulullah Saw, dituntut untuk memaksimalkan ikhtiar dalam meningkatkan kualitas diri dari sisi lain. Misalnya, sisi intelektual ataupun penampilan. Hal tersebut tentu akan menunjang pengamalan akhlak yang akan mendapat nilai plus .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 533, "width": 378, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Alquran merupakan kala>mulla>h . Mukjizat sepanjang zaman yang diturunkan Allah kepada Nabi Muhammad Saw. Sumber pedoman bagi umat untuk bertutur dan berprilaku. Namun untuk dapat mengaplikasikan nilai- nilai moral maupun ibadah yang terkandung dalam setiap makna dari butir- butir hikmah ayatnya, tentulah harus melalui proses panjang, disinilah peran para mufassir diperlukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 377, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "4 Hambali, “Kajian Tematik Tentang Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Perspektif Alquran”, Tesis Magister, (Cirebon: Program Pascasarjana Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN), 2009), 3.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "456", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 378, "height": 97, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Alquran adalah mukjizat Islam yang kekal. Mukjizatnya selalu diperkuat oleh kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Ia diturunkan kepada Rasulullah Saw untuk mengeluarkan manusia dari suasana yang gelap menuju suatu keadaan yang terangserta membimbing mereka ke jalan yang lurus. Rasulullah Saw menyampaikan Alquran itu kepada para sahabatnya –orang Arab asli- sehingga mereka dapat memahaminya berdasarkan naluri mereka –naluri orang Arab-. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 377, "height": 223, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Namun realita yang terjadi, kehidupan manusia dewasa ini seakan- akan sudah jauh dari nilai-nilai Alquran. Hal ini tergambar dari banyaknya perilaku-perilaku kehidupan yang tidak mencerminkan nilai keIslaman. Pastinya kemerosotan perilaku yang terjadi di masyarakat ini didasari oleh faktor-faktor yang memberikan interpensi sikap. Entah itu adalah minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap pemahaman Alquran, ataupun sudah menjauhnya budaya-budaya dimasyarakat yang –meminjam bahasa Quraish Shihab- ‘membumikan Alquran’. Hal tersebut merupakan faktor yang berasal dari intern personal manusia. Faktor eksternal lainnya bisa saja dengan masuknya budaya-budaya asing yang turut mempengaruhi kestabilan moral di masyarakat. Kemajuan teknologi juga hendaknya kita waspadai dan pelajari dengan baik apa manfaat dan mudharat -nya terhadap perilaku kehidupan. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara untuk mengembalikan kondisi yang sudah menjauhkan nilai-nilai Alquran dari tatanan kehidupan adalah dengan kembali mengubah pola pikir masyarakat tentang akhlak yang sejalan dengan pesan-pesan Alquran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 378, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Untuk bisa mengaplikasikan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam Alquran, tentunya kita memerlukan alat untuk menggali makna dibalik teks- teks Alquran tersebut. Dalam dunia penafsiran, banyak sekali teori-teori interpretasi yang ditawarkan. Pada penelitian kali ini, akan meminjam teori Double movement digagas oleh Fazlur Rahman, seorang pemikir asal Pakistan. Teori Double movement ini merupakan perpaduan dari teori kreasi Syat}tibi dengan Emilio Betti. 6 Teori yang diadopsi Fazlur Rahman dari Syat}tibi adalah teori pencarian makna universal dari teks-teks partikular Alquran, sedangkan dari Emilio Betti ia mengadopsi teori gerakan ganda, yakni proses bolak-balik antara dunia teks dan dunia penafsir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 378, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ketika dibawa kedalam konteks penafsiran Alquran, Fazlur Rahman kemudian merumuskan teori hermeneutika Betti kedalam bentuk penafsiran ganda ( Double Movement ). Teori ini dimulai dari dua langkah: 7 langkah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "5 Manna Khalil al-Qattan, Studi Ilmu-ilmu Alquran , (Jakarta: Pustaka Litera AntarNusa, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 345, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "6 Aksin Wijaya, Arah Baru Studi Ulum Alquran, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 214, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "7 Aksin Wijaya, Arah Baru Studi Ulum Alquran , 193.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "457", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 378, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "pertama, ditempuh dengan dua cara, yaitu 1) mencari makna dari pernyataan Alquran dengan mengkaji situasi historis dan problem historis dimana pernyataan itu merupakan jawabannya, dan 2) menggeneralisasikan pernyataan-pernyataan dari ayat-ayat yang partikular supaya membentuk satu pernyataan universal, dan dalam hal ini yang dicari adalah nilai-nilai etis suatu ayat yang bersifat universal. Sedangkan langkah kedua , dimulai dari hal-hal yang universal yang merupakan hasil dari langkah pertama tadi kepada hal-hal yang bersifat partikular dalam situasi kekinian dimana dan kapan Alquran hendak diberlakukan (konteks saat ini). Dengan begitu teori Double Movement dapat memenuhi tuntutan Alquran supaya tetap “ S{alihun likulli al-Zaman wa al-Makan ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 377, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "A. Pengertian Akhlak Menurut Konsep Islam Perkataan akhlak berasal dari bahasa Arab sebagai bentuk jamak dari “ khuluqun” ( ٌﻖُﻠُﺧ ). Menurut bahasa, ٌﻖُﻠُﺧ diartikan sebagai budi pekerti, perangai, tingkah laku atau tabi’at. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 378, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Kalimat tersebut mengandung segi-segi persesuaian dengan perkataan “ khalqun ” yang mempunyai arti kejadian, penciptaan, yang sudah pasti tidak terpisahkan dengan “ khaliq ” yang berarti Pencipta, dan “ makhluq ” yang berarti ‘yang diciptakan’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 378, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Perumusan pengertian akhlak seperti diatas timbul sebagai media yang sangat memungkinkan adanya keterkaitan erat antara khaliq dan makhluq , juga hubungan antara makhluq dan makhluq . Hal ini tergambar dalam Alquran, yakni:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 436, "width": 91, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ٍﻢﻴِﻈَﻋ ٍﻖُﻠُﺧ ﻰَﻠَﻌَﻟ َﻚﱠﻧِإَو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 459, "width": 328, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "“Dan sesungguhnya kamu benar-benar berbudi pekerti yang agung”. (Q.S. al-Qalam: 4). 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 378, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dalam ayat di atas tercantum kata khuluqun yang diartikan akhlak, kemudian disandingkan dengan kemuliaan yang tentu bermakna bahwa akhlak merupakan suatu hal yang positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 554, "width": 303, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ِبﺎَﺒْﻟَْﻷا ِﱄوُِﻷ ٍتَ0 َﻵ ِرﺎَﻬﱠـﻨﻟاَو ِﻞْﻴﱠﻠﻟا ِف َﻼِﺘْﺧاَو ِضْرَْﻷاَو ِتاَوﺎَﻤﱠﺴﻟا ِﻖْﻠَﺧ ِﰲ ﱠنِإ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 586, "width": 328, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "“Sesungguhnya dalam penciptaan langit dan bumi, dan silih bergantinya malam dan siang terdapat tanda-tanda bagi orang- orang yang berakal”. (Q.S. Ali Imra>n: 190). 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 648, "width": 289, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "8 Ahmad Mustafa, Akhlak Tasawuf (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 1999), 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "9 Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Alquran dan Terjemahnya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "458", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 377, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Perkataan khalqi pada ayat di atas mengandung arti kejadian, ciptaan, dan juga bermaksud merujuk kepada kejadian yang indah dan baik. Jika kejadian yang dimaksud adalah kejadian dalam bentuk manusia, kata khalqi tersebut berarti struktur biologis tubuh manusia yang seimbang. Jika kejadian yang dimaksudkan merujuk kepada kejadian alam semesta, maka khalqi berarti keindahan alam yang tersusun rapi, keseimbangan siang- malam, dan juga keteraturan sistem perputaran bumi. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 378, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Kedua ayat di atas menunjukkan bahwa hakikat akhlak dalam Alquran selalu merujuk kepada kebaikan, dari segi kata apapun kata akhlak itu diambil karena akhlak merupakan jalan makhluq untuk mencapai khaliq . Menurut pendekatan terminologi, beberapa tokoh mengemukakan pengertian Akhlak sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 377, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "1. Ibnu Miskawaih, akhlak adalah keadaan jiwa seseorang yang mendorong untuk melakukan perbuatan tanpa melalui pertimbangan pikiran terlebih dahulu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 377, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "2. Imam Ghazali, akhlak ialah suatu sifat yang tertanam dalam jiwa yang dari padanya timbul perbuatan-perbuatan dengan mudah dengan tidak memperlakukan pertimbangan pemikiranterlebih dahulu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 377, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "3. A. Amin, akhlak ialah kehendak yang dibiasakan, artinya kehendak kita bila membiasakan suatu hal maka kebiasaan itulah akhlak. 12", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Akhlak dalam Islam terdiri dari empat pilar yang tidak dapat tegak kecuali dengan empat pilar tersebut, yakni: sabar, menjaga kehormatan diri, keberanian, dan adil. Empat sifat tersebut merupakan sumber bagi semua Akhlak utama, sedangkan sumber semua Akhlak buruk bangunannya didasarkan pada empat sebab, yakni: kebodohan, kedzaliman, nafsu, dan amarah. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 377, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Menurut al-Ghazali, sebagaimana dikutip Abuddin Nata, akhlak bukanlah pengetahuan tentang baik-buruk ataupun kodrat untuk menjadi baik-buruk, bukan pula pengalaman yang baik-buruk melainkan suatu keadaan jiwa yang mantap. Akhlak menurutnya lebih kepada suatu kemantapan jiwa yang kemudian ditranformasikan kedalam perbuatan yang indah tanpa harus dipikirkan lagi. Dengan begitu Akhlak yang indah merupakan cerminan dari jiwa yang teguh. Jika keadaan jiwa jauh dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 579, "width": 302, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "10 Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Alquran dan Terjemahnya , 109.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 377, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "11 Asep Saepudin, “Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Disiplin Siswa dalam Program Pembiasaan Salat Berjamaah dan Hubungannya dengan Pembinaan Akhlak Mulia” , Tesis Magister, (Cirebon: Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syekh Nurjati, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 293, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "12 Daradjat Zakiah, Ilmu Pendidikan Islam (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1992).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 339, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "13 Abdullah bin Qasim al-Wasily, 20 Prinsip Halal al-Bana (Solo: Intermedia, 2001).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "459", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 377, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ketenangan, maka tentu akan tercermin kedalam perbuatan-perbuatan tercela, inilah yang kemudian tergambar sebagai Akhlak yang buruk. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 201, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "B. Latar Belakang Sosial Fazlur Rahman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 377, "height": 69, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman adalah salah satu mufassir liberal-reformatif yang diberi kesempatan ‘sejarah’ untuk menerapkan gagasan neo-modernisnya. Dia lahir di anak benua Indo-Pakistan pada 21 September 1919, tepatnya di daerah Hazara, ketika India belum terpecah menjadi India dan Pakistan, daerah tersebut sekarang terletak di sebelah Barat Laut Pakistan. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 377, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman dibesarkan dalam tradisi keluarga yang shalih yang bermadzhab Hanafi, sebuah madzhab yang lebih bersifat rasionalis dibandingkan dengan madzhab lainnya, seperti Maliki, Syafi’i dan Hanbali. Dengan demikian, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa Fazlur Rahman juga cenderung berfikir rasional meskipun ia mendasarkan pemikirannya pada Alquran dan sunnah. Ayahnya adalah salah seorang ulama tradisional yang menanamkan kepadanya pendidikan dasar keagamaan. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 377, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman dilahirkan dari keluarga miskin yang taat pada agama. Ketika hendak mencapai usia 10 tahun, ia sudah hafal Alquran. Walaupun ia di besarkan dalam keluarga yang mempunyai pemikiran tradisional, akan tetapi ia tidak seperti pemikir tradisional yang menolak pemikiran modern. Bahkan ayahnya berkeyakinan bahwa Islam harus memandang modernitas sebagai tantangan dan kesempurnaan. 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 377, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ada beberapa faktor yang telah membentuk karakter dan kedalaman keberagamaan Fazlur Rahman, salah satunya adalah pengajaran dari ibunya tentang kejujuran, kasih sayang, serta kecintaan sepenuh hati seorang ibu. Hal lain adalah ayahnya tekun mengajarkan agama kepada Fazlur Rahman di rumah dengan disiplin yang tinggi sehingga ia mampu menghadapi bermacam-macam peradaban dan tantangan di dunia modern.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 377, "height": 69, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Selain itu, ketika Fazlur Rahman hidup, di Pakistan telah lebih dahulu berkembang pemikiran yang liberal seperti Syah Waliyullah, Syah Abdul Aziz, Sayyid Ahmad Syahid, Sayyid Ahmad Khan, Sayyid Amir Ali, dan Muhammad Iqbal. Dari para pemikir tersebut tentunya juga mempengaruhi pola pikir Fazlur Rahman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 224, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "C. Teori Gerakan Ganda ( Double Movement )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 576, "width": 377, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Secara general, metodologi sistematis yang ditawarkan Fazlur Rahman ini terdiri atas dua gerakan pemikiran yuristik; Pertama , bergerak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 265, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "14 Abuddin Nata, Akhlak Tasawuf , (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 326, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "15 Sibawaihi, Hermeneutika Alquran Fazlur Rahman , (Bandung: Jalasutra, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 648, "width": 327, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "16 Abdul Mustaqim, Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer (Yogyakarta: LkiS, 2012).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "17 Abdul Mustaqim, Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer , 88.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "460", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 375, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "dari yang sifatnya khusus (partikular) kepada yang umum (general). Kedua, bergerak dari yang umum kepada yang khusus. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 377, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Gerakan yang pertama melibatkan pemahaman terhadap prinsip- prinsip Alquran dengan Sunnah sebagai pelengkapnya. Suatu ayat yang bersifat khusus akan digiring ke masa dimana ia turun dan dilihat konteks kesejarahannya secara general. Sisi sosial ajaran-ajaran Alquran memiliki suatu latar situasional, layaknya pewahyuan Alquran sendiri yang memiliki latar belakang pewahyuan yang amat kongkret berkaitan dengan keadaan masyarakat Makkah pada awal Islam. Perintah-perintah Alquran tidak muncul dalam sebuah kekosongan, melainkan selalu turun sebagai solusi terhadap masalah-masalah aktual. Latar belakang situasional ini lebih dikenal di dunia penafsiran dengan istilah ‘ Asbab an-Nuzul ’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Alquran juga menuturkan, baik secara eksplisit maupun implisit alasan-alasan bagi suatu pernyataan yang berisikan prinsip-prinsip moral. Alasan-alasan ini adalah hikmah yang merupakan esensi ajaran Alquran tentang kemasyarakatan. Kajian yang mendalam mengenai sebab-sebab pewahyuan akan membuat kita mampu mengidentifikasi dan memahami setepat mungkin apa yang dikandung dengan apa tuntutan konteks saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 377, "height": 111, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Gerakan kedua pemikiran Fazlur Rahman ini adalah metode berfikir dari yang umum kepada yang khusus. Kumpulan prinsip yang diperoleh dari Alquran dengan cara gerakan pertama kemudian dituntut untuk bisa diterapkan terhadap masyarakat Muslim dalam konteks dewasa ini. Sebagaimana latar belakang ajaran-ajaran Alquran yang harus dikaji untuk memperoleh prinsip umum Alquran, maka situasi kontemporer pun perlu dikaji untuk mengambil nilai-nilai ajaran Alquran untuk bisa sejalan dengan situasi saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pada gerakan kedua, yakni tahap menarik nilai ‘ideal moral’ pada masa kekinian, nilai ‘ideal moral’ dirumuskan kemudian dicari nilai relevansinya di masa sekarang apakah dapat memberikan konstribusi terhadap masalah saat ini. Setelah melakukan relevansi, tahap berikutnya yang dilakukan dalam melakukan kontekstualisasi saat ini adalah mencari kemungkinan bahwa nilai ‘ideal moral’ dapat dibumikan pada masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dalam kontekstualisasi tahapan yang tersulit adalah penyesuaian budaya, dimana nilai ‘ideal moral’ terkadang sulit diterima karena berbenturan dengan budaya tertentu. Seringkali sikap terburu-buru mengantarkan seorang pemikir seperti Syahrur harus ditolak oleh komunitas tertentu karena hasil pemikiranya dianggap tidak relevan oleh konteks tertentu. Hal tersebut juga dialami Nasr Hamed bahkan ia sampai harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "18 Taufik Adnan Amal, Islam dan Tantangan Modernitas (Bandung: Mizan, 1998), 195.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "461", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 377, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "menyelamatkan diri ke Belanda agar lolos dari hukuman mati dengan kompensasi mengabdi di Universitas Leiden. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 377, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "‘Ideal moral’ dalam Alquran tentang suatu hal tidak bisa tidak harus berhadapan dengan budaya tertentu. Walaupun tujuan awal nilai ideal adalah nilai universal Alquran tentang kemanusiaan dan kedamaian, namun terkadang nilai ini pula yang sering dianggap bertentangan dengan nilai kemanusiaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Emelio Betti menyatakan bahwa dalam mengungkap gagasan tertentu, seseorang harus bisa membawa kembali pada pikiran yang menciptakanya, namun kita tidak benar-benar tahu bagaimana pikiran yang menciptakanya karena kita tidak bisa menjadi Dia. 20 Hal ini menunjukan bahwa kebenaran yang dipikirkan manusia bersifat relatif, kebenaran yang absolut hanyalah milik Tuhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 377, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Teori gerakan ganda ini sepintas terlihat sama dengan gagasan hermeneutika Emelio Betti, yang mana Betti juga menggunakan teori interpretasi dua gerakan bolak-balik antara dunia teks dengan dunia interpretator. 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 377, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dari pembahasan diatas, terlihat jelas bahwa bahwa konsep interpretasi gerakan ganda yang digagas Fazlur Rahman tertuju pada penafsiran hukum atau ajaran-ajaran sosial Alquran. Proses penafsiran yang diajukan secara rumusan definitif adalah suatu proses interpretasi dengan gerakan pemikiran ganda, dari situasi sekarang dibawa jauh ke situasi konteks saat Alquran diwahyukan, kemudian kembali lagi ke masa kini dengan membawa nilai untuk bisa dikontekstualisasikan di masa sekarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 284, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "D. Reinterpretasi Hermeneutis Q.S Al-H{ujura>t ayat 11-13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "1. Asbab an-Nuzul Q.S. al-H{ujura>t (49):11-13 Mengenai Asbab an-Nuzul , memang tidak semua ayat Alquran turun berdasarkan suatu sebab turun. Bahkan kalau dibandingkan sekalipun, ayat- ayat yang turun dengan sendirinya tanpa adanya sebab jauh lebih banyak. Sebagian besar dari ayat-ayat tanpa sebab turun tersebut berkaitan dengan perintah untuk beriman kepada Allah, untuk bertauhid, untuk mengimani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "19 Tholhatul Khoir dan Ahwan Fanani, Islam dalam Berbagai Pembacaan Kontemporer (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 377, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "20 Tholhatul Khoir dan Ahwan Fanani, Islam Dalam Berbagai Pembacaan Kontemporer , 129. 21 Aksin Wijaya, Arah Baru Studi Ulum Alquran (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "462", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "adanya hari akhir, menjelaskan mengenai nikmat dan siksa kubur, dan juga cerita tentang Nabi-Nabi di masa lampau. 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 380, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Namun tidak dengan surat al-H{ujura>t ayat 11 sampai dengan 13. Ayat ini memiliki sebab turun, sebagaimana syekh Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i> tuliskan dalam kitabnya, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 380, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Surat al-H{ujura>t ayat 11 turun dengan dilatarbelakangi suatu fenomena di Arab kala itu, dimana sudah menjadi lumrah seseorang disana memiliki gelar sehingga dapat dipanggil dengan gelarnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 380, "height": 84, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "tersebut( Laqob/Kunyah ). Seperti contoh gelar yang dimiliki Nabi, karena dilihat dari kepribadian Rasul yang amanah, maka beliau mendapat gelar al- Amin. Selain itu, nama Abu Bakar juga merupakan Kunyah yang dinisbatkan kepada Aisyah anaknya. Abu berarti seorang ayah, sedangkan bakar berasal dari akar kata bikr yang berarti gadis. Abu bakar juga memiliki gelar lain, yakni al-S{iddiq yang berarti benar atau membenarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dari fenomena tersebut, tidak menutup kemungkinan seseorang memiliki beragam panggilan sehingga bisa dipanggil dengan sesuai gelar yang disandang atau yang dilekatkan kepadanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 380, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Menurut al-Suyu>t}i> yang dikutip dari beberapa riwayat, diturunkannya ayat ini berkenaan dengan Bani Salamah. Nabi tiba di Madinah, dan satu saat beliau memangil salah seorang dari mereka dengan salah satu nama tertentu. Kemudian orang-orang berkata kepada Nabi bahwa orang yang beliau panggil marah ketika di panggil dengan panggilan yang Nabi lontarkan. Lalu turunlah ayat 11 dari surat al-H{ujura>t sebagai larangan memanggil orang dengan sebutan yang buruk. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 422, "width": 380, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Surat al-H{ujura>t ayat 12, dalam kitabnya al-Suyu>t}i> menjelaskan bahwa ia diturunkan berkenaan dengan Salman al-Farisi. Suatu saat setelah menyantap makanan, ia tertidur hingga mendengkur. Seseorang yang mengetahui hal itu kemudian menyebarkan kabar terkait mendengkurnya tidur Salman ketika setelah makan itu. Maka turunlah ayat 12 dari surat al- H{ujura>t ini sebagai teguran bagi orang-orang yang membicarakan keburukan orang lain. 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Turunnya ayat ke 13, menurut riwayat yang dikutip al-Suyu>t}i>, adalah ketika sesaat setelah pembebasan Kota Makkah ( Fathu Makkah ). Maka naiklah Bilal ke atas Ka’bah untuk mengumandangkan azan. Melihat hal tersebut, ada beberapa sahabat yang melontarkan kritikan dengan nada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "22 Mu’ammar Zayn Qadafy, Buku Pintar Sababun Nuzul dari Makro hingga Mikro , (Yogyakarta: IN AzNa Books, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "23 Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , terj. Tim Abdul Hayyie (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2008).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 260, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "24 Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , 529.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "463", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "mengejek dari segi fisik. Lalu turunlah ayat ini sebagai penegasan bahwa Islam tidak membeda-bedakan dari segi fisik, baik ras, suku, ataupun kedudukan. Islam hanya memandang bahwa yang mulia adalah yang bertakwa. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 142, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Hal lain yang turut melatar belakangi turunnya ayat ini adalah ketika Nabi memerintahkan Bani Bayad}ah untuk menerima pinangan dari Abu Hindun. Melihat bahwa Abu Hindun merupakan seorang budak, maka mereka kurang merespon perintah Nabi tersebut. Lalu turunlah ayat untuk kembali menegaskan bahwa tak ada garis pembeda mana budak mana tuan. Tidak ada diskriminasi dalam Islam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 348, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "2. Analisis Teori Gerakan Ganda Terhadap Q.S. al-H{ujura>t (49): 11-13", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 380, "height": 97, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Sebagaimana tokoh-tokoh lain, Fazlur Rahman juga menyepakati bahwa Alquran merupakan Kalam Allah yang diwahyukan kepada Nabi Muhammad dalam jangka waktu kurang lebih dua puluh tiga tahun. Akan tetapi, ia memberikan catatan bahwa kepercayaan tersebut haruslah dijelaskan secara memadai. 26 Begitupun terhadap ayat-ayat yang ada di dalamnya, haruslah didekati dengan cara memadai dengan tidak mengesampingkan ke- universal -annya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 365, "width": 344, "height": 140, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "“Tetapi kalau kita mau berurusan dengan fakta-fakta sejarah Islam, maka pernyataan faktual Alquran tentang dirinya sendiri memerlukan pembahasan secukupnya. Dalam garis besar singkat berikut, dilakukan usaha untuk bertindak adil baik terhadap tuntutan sejarah maupun tuntutan Islam sendiri. Kami telah menyatakan secara jelas dalam bab yang terdahulu bahwa semangat dasar dari Alquran adalah semangat moral, yang mana ia menekankan monotheisme serta keadilan sosial. Hukum moral adalah abadi, ia adalah ‘perintah’ Allah. Manusia tak dapat membuat atau memusnahkan hukum moral, ia harus menyerahkan diri kepadanya”. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dalam memandang nilai-nilai yang dikandung oleh Alquran, Fazlur Rahman seakan menggeneralisir bahwa secara garis besar, inti dari nilai yang terkandung adalah ajaran moral. Moral yang dimaksudkan adalah moral dalam dimensi vertikal dan moral dalam dimensi horizontal. Dengan demikian, semangat pembaharuan yang diusung oleh Fazlur Rahman merupakan semangat untuk menciptakan keadilan seadil-adilnya, tanpa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 334, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "25 Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , 530. 26 Taufik Adnan Amal, Islam dan Tantangan Modernitas , (Bandung: Mizan, 1998).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 305, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "27 Fazlur Rahman, Islam , terj. Ahsin Muhammad (Bandung: Pustaka, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "464", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "adanya ketimpangan dan diskriminasi. Itulah semangat Alquran menurut pandangannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 113, "width": 101, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "a. Gerakan Pertama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 380, "height": 40, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Sebagaimana dijelaskan pada poin sebelumnya, teori penafsiran yang digagas oleh Fazlur Rahman merupakan serangkaian metodologi pemahaman yang sistematis. Terdapat beberapa gerakan didalamnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dalam gerakan pertama, ketika berhadapan dengan ayat, maka ada tiga langkah utama yang harus dilakukan. Pertama, lakukan pendekatan historis dengan tujuan menemukan makna hakiki teks pada konteks turunnya. Kedua , membedakan mana ‘ideal moral’ dan mana legal sfesifiknya. Ketiga , memahami dan menetapkan sasaran Alquran dengan memperhatikan latar sosiologisnya. ‘Ideal moral’ merupakan tujuan essensial diturunkannya suatu ayat, sedangkan legal sfesifik adalah penubuhan nilai Alquran dalam konteks turunnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Kemudian dalam gerakan yang kedua, kumpulan prinsip dasar yang dihasilkan dari gerakan pertama harus diberikan penubuhan baru, diterapkan dan disesuaikan dengan kesesuaian konteks Islam dewasa ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dari kedua gerakan itu, keduanya memiliki karakteristik gerakan yang bertolak belakang. Jika pada gerakan pertama sesuatu yang bersifat partikular harus di generalkan, maka pada gerakan yang kedua, hasil dari gerakan pertama yang bersifat general harus dipartikularkan. Dalam arti diterapkan dalam keadaan khusus saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Begitupun ketika teori ini dihadapkan kepada surat al-H{ujura>t ayat 11-13. Pendekatan historis terhadap ayat ini sedikit sudah penulis angkat dengan menceritakan asbab al-Nuzul ayat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "1) Ayat 11 Secara singkat, ayat ini turun karena sebuah kejadian. Pada suatu hari Rasulullah memanggil seorang laki-laki dengan gelarnya. Lalu kemudian seseorang yang lain berkata kepada Rasul bahwa panggilan gelar yang Rasul gunakan untuk memanggil adalah gelar yang tidak disukainya sehingga membuat ia marah. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Di Arab kala itu, ada sebuah kebiasaan bahwa seseorang memiliki gelar lebih dari satu. Dalam kajian ilmu nahwu, dikenal ada istilah ‘alam Laqob dan ‘Alam Kunyah . Laqob merupakan nama panggilan atau gelar yang diberikan yang mengandung unsur pujian atau celaan. Singkatnya ia merupakan sebuah julukan seperti seseorang dijuluki al-Rashid dikarenakan kepintarannya, Abu Bakar digelari al-S{iddiq karena menjadi laki-laki dewasa pertama yang membenarkan kenabian Nabi Muhammad, Salman digelari al- Farisi karena berhasil memenangkan perang dengan strategi yang jitu yakni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 260, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "28 Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , 528.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "465", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 380, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "membuat parit. Sedangkan Kunyah merupakan sebutan atau panggilan yang dinisbatkan, dan dalam kebiasaannya selalu diawali dengan kata Abu, Ummu, Ibnu, dan Bintu. Contoh seperti karena menjadi anak dari seorang ayah bernama Mas’ud, maka digelarilah Ibnu Mas’ud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 142, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Kebiasaan seperti itu terjadi pada masyarakat Arab. Ketika penulis coba analisis dengan pertimbangan bahwa spirit dasar Alquran adalah nilai moral. Walaupun di Arab berlaku ‘sistem’ Laqob dan Kunyah , maka sesungguhnya adalah lebih baik memanggil seseorang dengan nama ( Asma ) asli nya. Dengan alasan bahwa tidak semua orang suka dengan panggilan atau julukan diluar nama yang sesungguhnya. Selain itu, nama merupakan sebuah do’a. Sehingga memanggil sebuah nama berarti mendo’akan seseorang yang mempunyai nama tersebut, dan itu terlihat lebih ‘bermoral’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dengan begitu, ‘ideal moral’ dari ayat tersebut adalah meniadakan panggilan lain selain nama nya dengan dalih memperolok-olokkan atau mengejek. Dengan kata lain, panggilan yang kita lontarkan haruslah merupakan satu bentuk penghormatan. Sedangkan dilihat dari konteksnya, ayat tersebut melarang memberikan gelar yang tidak disukai dang mengejek kepada seseorang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "2) Ayat 12 Ayat selanjutnya turun dengan latar belakang historis kejadian dimana Salman al-Farisi pada suatu waktu setelah makan, beliau langsung tertidur hingga mendengkur. Salah seorang sahabat yang lain menyaksikan hal itu, kemudian menyebarkan kepada khalayak yang lain. 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 380, "height": 97, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Sebenarnya menjadi hal yang manusiawi, ketika perut seseorang penuh maka kantuklah yang datang menyerang. Namun yang jadi titik perhatian adalah prilaku sahabat yang mengetahui hal itu. Tidak seharusnya sikap Salman yang ‘kurang baik’ itu di khabarkan kepada yang lain. Maka turunlah ayat ini sebagai larangan bagi manusia untuk berprasangka buruk, larangan mencari-cari kesalahan seseorang, dan juga larangan untuk membicarakan keburukan orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 506, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Walaupun sebab turunnya ayat ini merujuk suatu kejadian yang bersifat partikular, namun pada sistematika yang digagas Fazlur Rahman ini, maka makna yang berasal dari kejadian partikular haruslah digeneralisir. Maka redaksi ayat secara keseluruhan tidak boleh dikesampingkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ketika ayat ini menjadi larangan untuk berprasangka buruk, mencari- cari kesalahan orang lain kemudian membicarakannya (menggunjingkannya). Maka secara lebih general fokus ayat ini adalah menuntut kita untuk senantiasa ber- husnuz}an , karena prasangka yang baik akan meminimalisir keinginan untuk mengorek sisi negatif orang lain, dan ketikapun kita ketahui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 260, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "29 Jala>l al-Di>n al-Suyu>t}i>, Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , 529.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "466", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "tentu kita akan menjadikan itu sebagai konsumsi pribadi atau menegur sebagai bentuk kritik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 380, "height": 98, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "3) Ayat 13 Ayat yang selanjutnya, ayat ke tiga belas turun ketika beberapa waktu setelah penaklukan kota Makkah ( Fathu Makkah ). Ketika telah sampai di sana, naiklah Bilal ke atas Ka’bah untuk mengumandangkan azan. Namun ketika itu, beberapa sahabat melontarkan kata-kata yang bernada mengejek kepada Bilal. Saat itulah turun ayat sebagai teguran bagi mereka yang berkata dengan nada mengejek kepada Bilal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pendapat lain juga mengatakan bahwa turunnya ayat ini berkaitan dengan bani Bayad}ah yang tidak merespon baik perintah Rasul menikahkan anak perempuan mereka kepada seorang budak. 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Arab waktu itu masih kental dengan budaya perbudakan, sehingga terlihat garis diskriminasi antara budak dengan orang yang merdeka. Inilah salah satu sisi tradisional arab yang paradigmanya ingin Fazlur Rahman rubah. Ia mengatakan bahwa tujuan Alquran turun adalah untuk menegakkan sebuah tatanan masyarakat yang ethnis dan egalitarian. 31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Mengenai ayat-ayat yang berhubungan dengan perbudakan, Fazlur Rahman juga menekankan bahwa ‘ideal moral’ yang sebenarnya adalah emansipasi budak, sementara legal spesifik nya selalu bersinggungan dengan keadaan Arab saat itu, sehingga hampir merupakan keniscayaan untuk menghapuskan sistem itu secara seketika. 32", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ayat ini sebenarnya merupakan sebuah penegasan, bahwasanya manusia diciptakan dari sebuah perbedaan, baik dari segi fisik, dari berbeda suku, berbeda kedudukan, berbeda bangsa, bahkan berbeda keyakinan. Namun masih dalam ayat ini, ditekankan pula konsekuensi dari perbedaan yang menjadi hakikat manusia itu. Konsekuensi dari perbedaan adalah supaya satu sama lain saling berhubungan, saling kenal-mengenal, untuk kemudian menciptakan tatanan masyarakat yang --meminjam bahasa Fazlur Rahman-- egalitarian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 506, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dengan beberapa pertimbangan di atas, sekiranya Fazlur Rahman juga sepakat bahwa ‘ideal moral’ dari ayat tersebut adalah kebesaran hati untuk menerima perbedaan. Kasus Bilal yang ‘dicemooh’ ketika naik keatas Ka’bah untuk mengumandangkan azan merupakan bukti fanatisme kesukuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "30 H.A.A Dahlan dan Zaka Alfarisi, Asbabun Nuzul: Latar Belakang Historis Turunnya Ayat-ayat Alquran (Bandung: Diponegoro, 2000).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "31 Fazlur Rahman, Tema-Tema Pokok Alquran , terj. Anas Wahyudin (Bandung: Pustaka, 1996), 55.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "32 Taufik Adnan Amal, Islam dan Tantangan Modernitas , 190.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "467", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "yang kental juga diskriminasi budak yang masih sukar dihilangkan pada masyarakat Arab kala itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 128, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "b. Gerakan Kedua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 142, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dalam metodologi tafsir yang sistematis ini, gerakan selanjutnya adalah membawa prinsip-prinsip yang dihasilkan dari penggalian sosio- historis ayat kepada keadaan yang lebih partikular sesuai dengan konteks Islam saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Membaca karakteristik keadaan Islam saat ini untuk kemudian menjadi batang tubuh ‘ideal moral’. Nilai-nilai prinsipil akan dikebumikan dengan memperhatikan situasi kekinian sehingga Alquran tetap menjadi nafas segar sebagai landasan dalam ‘bermoral’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "1) Ayat 11 Etika dan moral memang selalu menjadi landasan bagi setiap hukum yang berlaku di masyarakat, kesepakatan-kesepakatan sosial yang terjalin selalu diputuskan dengan pertimbangan moral yang kemudian menjadi budaya pada suatu bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Di suatu daerah, sangat memungkinkan untuk memiliki kebiasaan atau budaya yang berbeda dengan daerah yang lainnya. Namun dari keberbedaan yang ada, tentu semua berorientasikan kebaikan untuk kemaslahatan, untuk saling menghormati, saling menghargai, dan saling bertoleransi, seperti itu konsep dasarnya. Adapun teknis seperti apa yang dipakai tentu masing-masing memiliki ciri khas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ketika makna essensial dari ayat ini coba kita kebumikan pada konteks saat ini, tentu wadah objektif yang dipersiapkan haruslah selaras dengan konsep dasar tentang tatanan masyarakat yang harmonis. Walaupun hanya memberikan ruang yang sangat khusus, maka makna yang begitu general itu haruslah bisa mengisi sehingga bisa mencerminkan nilai-nilai Alquran yang menyeluruh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Tentang nilai akhlak yang dimaksudkan, ayat ini merupakan salah satu aturan-aturan bagaimana idelanya kita berkomunikasi dengan yang lain, bagaimana Alquran memberikan gambaran tentang tata cara berkomunikasi yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Maka ayat ini coba memberitahukan bahwa ketika hendak berkomunikasi, hendaknya panggillah seseorang sesuai dengan nama yang disandangnya, tentunya dengan baik tanpa nada dan intonasi yang mengandung unsur ejekan, tunjukkan bahwa dengan begitu kita sedang memberikan penghormatan kepadanya, baru kemudian mulailah pada tahap komunikasi yang selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 380, "height": 28, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dewasa ini, di lingkungan masyarakat seakan-akan ‘sistem’ Laqob dan Kunyah masih diberlakukan, padahal dalam penggunaannya sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "468", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 97, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "melenceng jauh dari aturan-aturannya menurut nahwu. Pembahasan mengenai masalah Laqob dan Kunyah terdapat dalam ilmu nahwu, itulah mengapa penggunaannya pun harus sesuai dengan kaidah –kaidah ilmu nahwu. Lebih jauh lagi, alangkah lebih baik ketika memanggil itu disisipkan dengan awalan sesuai kaidah yang berlaku di daerah tertentu. Contoh misalkan di sunda, panggilan kepada seseorang yang usianya lebih tua sering ditambah dengan awalan kang, Kang Rudi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "2) Ayat 12 Berbicara masalah akhlak, memang secara umum keseluruhan ayat- ayat Alquran mengandung nilai-nilai akhlak, baik dalam ayat mengenai hukum, mengenai kisah-kisah pada zaman dahulu, atau pada ayat yang menjelaskan hal ghaib sekalipun. Kesemuanya selalu menyimpan inti ajaran moral yang berujung pada cerminan prilaku kebaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ayat ke-12 dari surat al-H{ujura>t ini turun sebaga larangan, kata jauhilah yang merupakan terjemah dari kalimat ijtanibu pada ayat ini penulis mengartikan larangan karena penekanan dan implikasinya begitu luas, dampak dari prasangka lebih banyak mengandung nilai negatif. Ayat ini merupakan larangan untuk mencari-cari kesalahan orang lain dan juga menggunjingkan satu sama lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Mencari-cari kesalahan orang lain dewasa ini seakan sudah menjadi hobi, realita yang terjadi sangatlah bertolak belakang dengan maksud yang ingin disampaikan ayat ini. Dalam dunia birokrasi misalnya, tidak banyak para pejabat yang ‘tumbang’ karena kesalahannya sekecil apapun selalu dikorek dan kemudian dijadikan senjata politik untuk membunuh karakter. Tidak sedikit pejabat yang terindikasi korup karena kesalahan kecil beberapa bahkan puluhan tahun yang lalu yang kemudian di besar-besarkan saat ia menjabat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Melihat bahwa dunia birokrasi merupakan sistem dalam pemerintahan yang mana objek dari mereka adalah masyarakat secara umum. Itu penulis rasa sudah cukup membuktikan bahwa nilai-nilai yang dimaksud ayat ini sudahlah dikesampingkan atau mungkun bahkan dilupakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 533, "width": 344, "height": 126, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "“Allah SWT melarang melakukan perbuatan buruk yang sifatnya tersembunyi dengan cara memerintakan kepada hamba-Nya untuk menghindari buruk sangka terhadap sesama manusia dan menuduh mereka berkhianat pada apapun yang mereka ucapkan dan yang mereka lakukan. Adapun prasangka atau dugaan yang dilarang dalam ayat ini adalah dugaan yang buruk yang dialamatkan kepada orang baik, sedangkan dugaan yang ditujukan kepada orang yang berbuat jahat atau fasik adalah seperti yang nampak dalam kehidupan sehari- harinya. Karena sebagian dari dugaan dan tuduhan tersebut kadang-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "469", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 120, "top": 85, "width": 344, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "kadang merupakan dosa semata-mata. Maka hendaklah menghindari kebanyakan dari hal seperti itu”. 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 380, "height": 195, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Penafsiran al-Maraghi terhadap ayat ini penulis rasa sedikit melongggarkan objek yang dimaksudkan oleh pengertian berburuk sangka. Dijelaskan bahwasanya larangan dari ayat ini adalah ketika prasangka kita alamatkan kepada orang yang sekiranya memang menjaga dan menutupi aibnya, yang oleh Imam al-Maraghi sebut di atas adalah orang baik. Adapun ketika seorang yang gemar melakukan perbuatan jahat, tanpa kita jaga pun ia sudah mempertontonkan aibnya sendiri, dan untuk orang seperti itu kita cukup memberi tanggapan yang positif dengan mengedepankan husnuz}an . Lebih longgar lagi, M. Quraish Shihab memaparkan bahwa prasangka buruk hanya diharamkan orang yang saleh dan begitu terkenal amanah. Adapun orang yang senang berlaku dosa secara terang-terangan, seperti sudah tanpa ada rasa malu keluar masuk di tempat pelacuran atau mabuk- mabukan dimuka umum, maka tidaklah haram jika kita berprasangka buruk terhadap orang seperti itu. 34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 380, "height": 56, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ber -husnuz}an kepada orang lain, makna yang ingin coba disampaikan oleh ayat ini adalah bagaimana kita tetap memiliki prasangka yang baik terhadap berbagai macam jenis sifat manusia yang ada disekeliling kita, sekalipun yang ia lakukan secara z}ahiriyyah merupakan suatu kejahatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "3) Ayat 13 Pada ayat ke-13 ini, penulis rasa makna yang dikandung begitu syarat dengan penegasan. Ayat ini menegaskan adanya perbedaan, menegaskan hakikat dari perbedaan itu sendiri, dan juga menegaskan bahwa perbedaan dari semua segi tidak membedakan posisi makhluk dihadapan Sang Khaliq kecuali ketakwaan kepada-Nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Begitu jelasnya garis diskriminasi yang terjadi pada masa Nabi, itulah yang dibidik oleh ayat ini. Semangat untuk menghapuskan sistem-sistem yang mengakibatkan ketimpangan sosial layaknya perbudakan, karena gengsi kesukuan, dan budaya ‘aib’ terhadap anak perempuan. Semua itu merupakan sasaran inti yang ingin dirubah oleh ayat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ayat ini seakan-akan ingin menyingkap bahwa sesungguhnya hakikat dari perbedaan adalah persamaan. Di balik berbeda-bedanya sesuatu, maka ketika dianalogikan terbalik adalah “sama-sama berbeda”. Dan ayat inipun menjadi bukti bahwa diatas semua perbedaan yang kemudian dikecualikan oleh ketakwaan, maka semuanya adalah sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 377, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "33 Ahmad Musthafa al-Maraghi, Tafsir al-Maraghi , Juz. XIX, (Semarang: Toha Putra, 1993), 27.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 660, "width": 290, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "34 Quraish Shihab, Tafsir al-Mishbah (Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2003), 254.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "470", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 82, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Hak untuk hidup dimiliki oleh setiap makhluk hidup, satu sama lain dituntut untuk saling menghormati hak hidup yang dimiliki. Dari situ akan timbul satu sikap kedewasaan dalam menjalani hidup. Perbedaan yang ada di tengah-tengah masyarakat haruslah disikapi secara dewasa pula, sehingga hikmah dari perbedaan bisa disingkap untuk menciptakan masyarakat madani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dewasa dalam menerima perbedaan, itulah sikap yang seharusnya dimiliki oleh masyarakat pada konteks saat ini. Fanatisme yang berlebihan merupakan tantangan untuk mewujudkan cita-cita mulia yang dimaksudkan Alquran. Konsep yang dijelaskan begitu ideal, tinggal bagaimana manusia bisa merespon dan menerapkan konsep tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "E. Pandangan Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q.S al-H{ujura>t Ayat 11-13 Ketika Fazlur Rahman membahas mengenai masalah manusia sebagai anggota masyarakat, ia pun turut menjadikan Q.S al-H{ujura>t ayat 11-13 ini sebagai salah satu dalil. Dalam bukunya berjudul “Islam”, ia memaparkan secara sistematis gambaran kehidupan, tatanan masyarakat ideal yang dikehendaki Alquran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman seakan ingin benar-benar --meminjam bahasa Quraish Shihab-- membumikan Alquran pada dimensi waktu yang jauh dari saat-saat ‘ia’ diturunkan, tentunya dengan keadaan dan kondisi masyarakat yang berbeda, karena ia memilik pandangan bahwa tujuan utama Alquran tiada lain adalah untuk menegakkan sebuah tata masyarakat yang adil, berdasarkan etika sehingga manusia bisa bertahan di dunia ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 422, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Alquran turun pada masa dimana tatanan masyarakat masih butuh perbaikan, baik dari segi prilaku maupun dari segi keimanan, saat itu sangat dibutuhkan sebuah aturan yang mana menuntun masyarakatnya untuk berlaku adil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pada konteks tatanan masyarakat Mekkah saat itu, Alquran menyerang dua aspek yang saling memiliki keterkaitan erat dan menjadi kebiasaan yang dilakukan masyarakat Arab. Dua aspek tersebut adalah politheisme serta ketimpangan sosio-ekonomi yang rentan menimbulkan perpecahan dan tak jarang berujung perang antar suku terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Namun sebelum mengupas aspek pertama, Fazlur Rahman menilai bahwa yang kedua lah yang harus pertama diperbaiki. Terciptanya jarak antara si miskin dan si kaya pada waktu itu sampai kepada terciptanya budaya perbudakan yang sangat sulit dihilangkan, dan dengan adanya ketimpangan itulah etika etika sudah tak lagi dikedepankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dari aspek sosio-ekonomi, dalam salah satu bukunya Fazlur Rahman lebih menitikberatkan pembahasan terhadap sisi ekonominya, menurutnya sisi ekonomi lebih dominan dikecam oleh Alquran, karena ketimpangan-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "471", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 40, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ketimpangan ekonomi inilah penyakit yang paling sulit disembuhkan, dan ketimpangan ekonomi ini juga lah yang menjadi penyebab inti ketimpangan sosial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Begitu menyorot aspek sosial membuat Fazlur Rahman sampai berani ber statement bahwa jika tanpa adanya keinginan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan orang-orang yang miskin, salat sekalipun akan berubah menjadi semacam perbuatan yang munafik. Bahkan sikap tidak memperdulikan orang lain yang membutuhkan bantuan ekonomi dinilainya merupakan puncak kepicikan dan kesempitan akal manusia. Hal tersebut baru merupakan sebagian kecil dari dampak tidak bisanya menerima perbedaan sebagai suatu keharusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Kemudian, setelah Alquran mencerca dua aspek tadi, ‘ia’ mulai menanamkan pengaruh kepada masyarakat Arab.Kepercayaan pertama yang ditanamkan oleh Alquran sesudah merubah politheisme menjadi monotheisme dan mengajarkan mereka tentang keadilan sosio-ekonomi adalah tentang pertanggung jawaban manusia terhadap segala yang diperbuatnya di dunia. 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 380, "height": 139, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Untuk bisa memberikan pertanggung jawaban dengan baik, manusia harus bisa benar-benar berlaku adil kepada Tuhan, kepada manusia serta kepada alam, disinilah salahsatu fungsi akhlak menurut Fazlur Rahman. Itulah sebabnya mengapa ia menyatakan bahwa Alquran mewajibkan manusia untuk memiliki tiga macam pengetahuan. Pertama adalah pengetahuan mengenai alam yang telah dibuat Allah tunduk kepada manusia, tapi bukan untuk diekspolitasi melainkan untuk dijaga dan dihormati. Kedua adalah pengetahuan manusia tentang sejarah, yang mana dari sejarah manusia bisa belajar bagaimana caranya saling menghargai. Ketiga pengetahuan mengenai dirinya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Tiga tuntutan Alquran bagi manusia tersebut harus bisa menjadi jaminan, dan pada tatanan aplikasinya tentu harus bisa mewujudkan masyarakat adil makmur yang diridhai Allah.Nilai-nilai dibalik setiap ayat dalam Alquran sebagai ajaran substantive yang konstitusional tidak diragukan lagi adalah untuk dikebumikan di dunia ini. Tuhan ada dalam pikiran setiap manusia yang beriman untuk mengatur prilakunya, akan tetapi objek terkait aspek apa yang harus diatur merupakan esensi dari masalahnya. 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 576, "width": 380, "height": 41, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Tidak hanya aspek sosio-ekonomi yang memerlukan landasan etika, akan tetapi sosio-politik juga merupakan sisi penting dalam hubungan antar manusia yang memerlukan landasan. Hal ini pun tak luput dari arah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 377, "height": 35, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "35 Fazlur Rahman, Islam , 9. 36 Fazlur Rahman, Islam dan Modernitas; Tentang Transformasi Intelektual , terj. Ahsin Muhammad (Bandung:Pustaka, 1985), 15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "472", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 69, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "pemikiran Fazlur Rahman, mengingat perjalanan hidupnya meskipun ia focus didunia intelektual, namun konteks sekelilingnya tak pernah lepas dari unsur- unsur politis, mulai dari konflik di Pakistan hingga saat ia menduduki jabatan di negara tersebut. Disitu ia begitu merasakan dampak politik yang sudah tidak berlandasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 380, "height": 70, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Hingga saat ini, nampaknya hal yang dirasakan Fazlur Rahman masih saja terjadi, berbagai ketimpangan tetap menjadi pemandangan walau pada konteks kenegaraan dan waktu yang berbeda. Ideologi kapitalis menjadi lawan paling kejam dalam menerapkan konsep-konsep keadilan sosio- ekonomi yang dimaksud Fazlur Rahman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman menegaskan bahwa hak asasi manusia memang sudah mutlak harus di junjung tinggi di atas apapun, karena sejatinya hak asasi manusia adalah merupakan inti dari kesamaan semua ras, suku, bangsa yang berbeda-beda. 37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 380, "height": 55, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Q.S al-H{ujura>t ayat 11-13 ini dijadikan satu dorongan untuk sama- sama menegaskan betapa indahnya perbedaan karena dibaliknya ada sebuah kesamaan. Hak-hak manusia yang esensial merupakan persamaan kedudukan dihadapan Tuhan, karena yang membedakan hanyalah ‘proses’ ketakwaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 338, "width": 380, "height": 111, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ayat ini juga merupakan salahsatu ayat yang membuat Fazlur Rahman menggebu-gebu menyuarakan keseimbangan pada tatanan masyarakat yang egaliter, begitu bersemangat ingin menghilangkan segala bentuk ketimpangan dan mengusung nilai-nilai keadilan. Meskipun ayat ini menceritakan tentang perbedaan yang alamiah, akan tetapi ia tetap menyinggung berbagai perbedaan yang sebetulnya merupakan hasil dari kiprah manusia, seperti aspek politik dan ekonomi, adanya kaum menengah keatas dan menengah kebawah, adanya batas antara pejabat dan rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Melalui ayat ini, Fazlur Rahman dalam bukunya yang berjudul Tema Pokok Alquran seakan memberikan pesan bahwa, “sudahlah, berbeda-beda itu sudah menjadi satu hal yang mutlak, carilah makna dari kenapa perbedaan itu ada”. Ia mengajak kita untuk sama-sama mencari nilai perbedaan, bukan malah menjadikannya sebagai tameng untuk memperjelas perang ketimpangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 380, "height": 83, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Namun yang terjadi, hal tersebut sangat sulit untuk dikebumikan, hasrat manusia untuk selalu unggul masih menjadi point yang dominan, memang agama tidak melarang bahkan memerintahkan manusia untuk saling berlomba dalam kebaikan, akan tetapi kelanjutan dari setiap persaingan selalu menimbulkan ketimpangan baru. Inilah salahsatu hal yang membuat manusia berbeda dengan makhluk ciptaan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 204, "height": 12, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "37 Fazlur Rahman, Tema-Tema Pokok Alquran , 65.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "473", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 379, "height": 27, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diantara makhluk-makhluk yang dicipta Tuhan, hanya manusia lah yang diciptakan dalam bentuk ahsan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 114, "width": 141, "height": 27, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "ٍﱘِﻮْﻘَـﺗ ِﻦَﺴْﺣَأ ِﰲ َنﺎَﺴْﻧِْﻹا ﺎَﻨْﻘَﻠَﺧ ْﺪَﻘَﻟ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 137, "width": 343, "height": 28, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "“Sesungguhnya Kami telah menciptakan manusia dalam bentuk yang sebaik-baiknya”. (Q.S. al-Ti>n: 4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 181, "width": 366, "height": 39, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Sehingga manusia menjadi makhluk yang memiliki keunikan, emosi yang kadang naik turun, kadar keimanan yang kadang bertambah kadang pula berkurang, itulah sedikit bagian dari keunikan manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 223, "width": 366, "height": 107, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ada sebagian manusia yang selalu merasa lebih unggul dari yang lainnya, ada yang selalu merasa kedudukannya lebih tinggi dari yang lainnya sehingga muncul rasa sombong. Disitulah awalnya tercipta perbedaan yang tidak wajar, belum lagi ditambah perbedaan-perbedaan yang bersifat alamiah, seperti perbedaan ras, suku, dan yang lainnya. Namun manusia terkungkung oleh konsep perbedaan yang rentan menimbulkan perpecahan, seakan merasa nyaman dengan hal yang sebenarnya merupakan ketidaknyamanan yang pura-pura mereka lupakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 333, "width": 366, "height": 80, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Mereka seperti dipaksa keadaan untuk bisu, melawan sombong dengan kesombongan tanpa ada upaya kearah menghilangkan sifat sombong yang ada di masyarakat. Penyakit masyarakat yang satu ini memang merupakan akar dari permasalahan sulitnya menerima perbedaan dan buah dari terlalu bangga dengan apa yang dimilikinya tanpa dimiliki orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 416, "width": 366, "height": 66, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diluar itu, banyak juga orang-orang yang mencoba keluar dari kungkungan keadaan di masyarakat yang cenderung stagnan, mereka berusaha merubah kebiasaan yang terjadi dan berjuang untuk –layaknya Fazlur Rahman- menciptakan keadilan sosio-ekonomi dan sosio-politik di masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 485, "width": 366, "height": 94, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Bagi sebagian orang, mungkin nama Nelson Mandela tidak terlalu dikenal, namun dedikasi selama hidupnya dalam memperjuangkan kesamaan hak yang berlandaskan perbedaan warna kulit tak dapat kita hilangkan. Bagaimana ia bertahan dari segala serangan untuk mempertahankan hak-hak esensial manusia, berperang dengan gagah berani menumpas segala bentuk diskriminasi, itulah nilai-nilai Alquran yang sudah berhasil dikebumikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 581, "width": 366, "height": 67, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Untuk mengimbangi banyaknya sumber-sumber yang dapat menimbulkan diskriminasi diantara manusia dengan manusia, manusia secara terus-menerus haruslah bisa menyadari hakikat dari penciptaan manusia itu sendiri. Tidak ada perbedaan diantara manusia, perbedaan hanya ada dalam pandangan Tuhan berdasarkan takwa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "474", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 366, "height": 93, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Menurut Fazlur Rahman, tepat ketika para ahli hukum menandaskan empat macam kebebasan yang harus dihormati oleh negara, kebebasan atau hak untuk hidup, kebebasan untuk beragama, kebebasan mencari pendapatan dan memiliki kekayaan, serta kebebasan menjaga harga dirinya. 38 Lebih lanjut ia menyatakan bahwa pelanggaran terhadap keempat hak yang dimiliki warga negara merupakan sikap membuat kerusakan di muka bumi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 184, "width": 366, "height": 53, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dimaknai oleh Fazlur Rahman bahwa kebebasan yang harus dihormati bukan berarti bebas sebebas-bebasnya, point penting dari sebuah kebebasan adalah bisa saling menghormati kebebasan yang dimiliki orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 239, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Akan tetapi, tentu hak tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan kewajiban.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 253, "width": 365, "height": 66, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Alquran yang merupakan sebuah dokumen berisikan panduan untuk menjalani kehidupan selalu menyerukan kebajikan dan juga tanggung jawab moral yang kuat. Kitab ini melindungi hak setiap manusia ketika memang kewajiban yang diberikan sudah dikerjakan, itulah implikasi dari ketakwaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 322, "width": 366, "height": 39, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Makna takwa adalah jika manusia sudah bisa dengan sukarela menerapkan segala nilai yang dipesankan Alquran serta menjauhi dan meninggalkan hal-hal yang tidak dikehendakinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 364, "width": 366, "height": 93, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dengan begitu, terciptanya tatanan masyarakat yang --meminjam bahasa Fazlur Rahman-- berkeadilan pun akan secara otomatis mengikuti. Jadi, semua ini merupakan sebuah konsep yang sudah terstrukur rapi, jika satu sisinya timpang maka sisi lain pun akan mengalami ketidakstabilan. Namun setiap proses tentu berjalan dinamis, perlu kerjasama dan pengertian dari seluruh elemen untuk sama-sama menjaga keseimbangan di masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 472, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 377, "height": 69, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Fazlur Rahman mengangkat ayat ini ketika dengan serius membahas masalah kesetaraan di masyarakat. Hak-hak essensial yang dimiliki manusia harus selalu dijunjung tinggi sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Alquran, karena pada hakikatnya hak asasi manusia merupakan target yang dibidik Alquran, untuk dijaga supaya terlindungi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 556, "width": 377, "height": 69, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Perbedaan yang terlihat kurang dikehendaki oleh Fazlur Rahman menjadi alasan bagaimana ia sangat menentang diskriminasi. Ia memandang bahwa Islam tak mengenal adanya perbedaan. Konsep egaliter yang diyakininya merupakan sebuah ‘ideal moral’ merupakan peniadaan dari berbeda-bedanya manusia. Untuk itu, hal-hal yang dapat memecah belah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 204, "height": 12, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "38 Fazlur Rahman, Tema-Tema Pokok Alquran , 67.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 422, "top": 682, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "475", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 35, "width": 370, "height": 21, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Pesan Alquran Tentang Akhlak (Analisis Hermeneutis Doubble Movement Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Q. S. al-Hujura>t: 11-13)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 682, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 377, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "persatuan, saling merendahkan, saling memperolokkan, dan saling berprasangka buruk sudah selayaknya kita jauhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 377, "height": 84, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Ayat ini dijadikan oleh Fazlur Rahman sebagai pedoman bagi kesetaraan. Perbedaan dari suku, ras, dan bangsa ia artikan sebagai sebuah hal yang alamiah, sehingga tak ada alasan untuk fanatik terhadap satu kelompok yang terbentuk secara alami. Semua dituntut menerima dan saling menghormati hak-hak yang dimiliki suku dan bangsa lainnya. Disitulah letak hikmah sebuah perbedaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 377, "height": 83, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Saking kekehnya hak-hak manusia harus di junjung tinggi, Fazlur Rahman pun mengamini kesepakatan para ahli hukum yang menandaskan empat macam kebebasan yang harus dihormati oleh negara. Keempat hak tersebut yakni kebebasan atau hak untuk hidup, kebebasan untuk beragama, kebebasan mencari pendapatan dan memiliki kekayaan, serta kebebasan menjaga harga dirinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 298, "width": 113, "height": 8, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 377, "height": 27, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Amal, Taufik Adnan. Islam dan Tantangan Modernitas . Bandung: Mizan, 1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 377, "height": 56, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Dahlan, H.A.A dan Zaka Alfarisi. Asbabun Nuzul: Latar Belakang Historis Turunnya Ayat-ayat Alquran . Bandung: Diponegoro, 2000. Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia. Alquran dan Terjemahnya . Semarang: CV. Toha Putra, 1989.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 377, "height": 42, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Hambali. “Kajian Tematik Tentang Pendidikan Akhlak Dalam Perspektif Alquran”. Tesis Magister. Cirebon: Program Pascasarjana Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (STAIN), 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 378, "height": 126, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Khoir, Tholhatul dan Ahwan Fanani. Islam dalam Berbagai Pembacaan Kontemporer (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009). Madjid, Nurcholish. Pintu-pintu Menuju Tuhan . Jakarta: Paramadina dan Dian Rakyat Press, 1994. Al-Maraghi, Ahmad Musthafa. Tafsir al-Maraghi , Juz. XIX. Semarang: Toha Putra, 1993. Mustafa, Ahmad. Akhlak Tasawuf . Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 1999. Mustaqim, Abdul. Epistemologi Tafsir Kontemporer . Yogyakarta: LkiS, 2012.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 378, "height": 84, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Nata, Abuddin. Akhlak Tasawuf . Jakarta: Raja Grafindo, 2000. Qadafy, Mu’ammar Zayn. Buku Pintar Sababun Nuzul dari Makro hingga Mikro . Yogyakarta: IN AzNa Books, 2015. Rahman, Fazlur. Islam , terj. Ahsin Muhammad. Bandung: Pustaka, 1997. Al-Qattan, Manna Khalil. Studi Ilmu-ilmu Alquran . Jakarta: Pustaka Litera AntarNusa, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 680, "width": 16, "height": 9, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "476", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 48, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Asep Saepul Milah Romli", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 680, "width": 239, "height": 12, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Diya> al-Afka>r Vol. 5, No. 2, Desember 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 380, "height": 70, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Rahman, Fazlur. Islam dan Modernitas; Tentang Transformasi Intelektual , terj. Ahsin Muhammad. Bandung:Pustaka, 1985. ------------------. Islam , terj. Ahsin Muhammad. Bandung: Pustaka, 1997. ------------------. Tema-tema Pokok Alquran , terj. Anas Wahyudin. Bandung: Pustaka, 1996.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 377, "height": 70, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Saepudin, Asep. “Faktor Penyebab Rendahnya Disiplin Siswa dalam Program Pembiasaan Salat Berjamaah dan Hubungannya dengan Pembinaan Akhlak Mulia” , Tesis Magister. Cirebon: Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syekh Nurjati, 2012.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 377, "height": 42, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Shihab, Quraish. Tafsir al-Mishbah . Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2003. Sibawaihi. Hermeneutika Alquran Fazlur Rahman . Bandung: Jalasutra, 2007.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 377, "height": 125, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Suwito. “Konsep Pendidikan Akhlak Menurut Ibn Miskawaih”, Disertasi Doktoral. Jakarta: Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, 1995. Al-Suyu>t}i>, Jala>l al-Di>n. Luba>b al-Nuqu>l fi> Asba>b al-Nuzul , terj. Tim Abdul Hayyie. Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2008. Al-Wasily, Abdullah bin Qasim. 20 Prinsip Halal al-Bana . Solo: Intermedia, 2001. Wijaya, Aksin. Arah Baru Studi Ulum Alquran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 393, "width": 345, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 729, "text": "Zakiah, Daradjat. Ilmu Pendidikan Islam . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1992.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disain Smart Electricity Penghematan pada Peralatan Listrik Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 428, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faisal Irsan Pasaribu 1 *, Abdul Gani Lubis 2 , Muhammad Safril 3 , Budhi Santri Kusuma 4 , Muhammad Fadlan 5 1,2 Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 181, "width": 284, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Medan Area, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Cut Nyak Dien, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 204, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 229, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 428, "height": 237, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Waste of electricity is a problem that often occurs accidentally, especially in household electricity, especially on electrical equipment that is routinely used but forgets to turn it off if there are no users around electrical equipment such as fans, air conditioners, TVs and others. Saving electrical energy is an action to reduce the amount of electrical energy use. This study aims to create a control device for saving electricity consumption. Saving electricity consumption does not mean not using electrical energy for something that is not useful, however, energy savings can be achieved by using energy efficiently where the same benefits are obtained by using less energy. This study uses a design method or is designed to be smart electricity using sensors. ultrasonic with arduino uno, where this tool controls daily use in case of forgetting so that no energy is wasted (waste of electricity) or more practical in controlling electrical equipment. Based on the results of tool testing and data analysis carried out, it was concluded that the working system of this tool succeeded in controlling the use of electronic equipment by detecting the presence of an object / human with the help of an ultrasonic sensor with a horizontal area range. The Radio Frequency Identification sensor is an additional sensor to help the Ultrasonic sensor improve to detect in a wider range of vertical areas by scanning the card. The total cost of the entire expenditure for 1 month is Rp. 203,365 using a smart electricity design tool as a means of saving and the use of electricity based on ultrasonic sensors using Arduino Uno and Rp. 418,175 without tools results in a difference in savings of Rp. 214.810,-.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 303, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Smart Electricity; ultrasonic sensor; RFID; arduino uno", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 533, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 547, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan Teknologi saat ini serba otomatis, segala sesuatu yang dilakukan menjadi lebih mudah . Manusia selalu berusaha untuk menciptakan sesuatu hal yang baru agar dapat mempermudah aktivitasnya, hal inilah yang mendorong perkembangan teknologi, (Arafat, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemborosan pamakaian listrik merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi secara tidak sengaja terutama pada listrik rumah tangga, terutama pada peralatan listrik yang sifatnya rutin digunakan tetapi lupa untuk dimatikan bila tidak ada pengguna disekitar peralatan listrik seperti Kipas Angin, TV, AC , dan lainnya. Penghematan energi listrik merupakan tindakan mengurangi jumlah penggunaan energi listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sebuah alat pengontrolan penghematan pemakaian listrik. Penghematan pemakaian listrik bukan berarti tidak menggunakan energi listrik untuk suatu hal yang tidak berguna namun, penghematan energi dapat dicapai dengan penggunaan energi secara efisien di mana manfaat yang sama diperoleh dengan menggunakan energi lebih sedikit, Penghematan energi dapat menyebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkurangnya biaya dengan melakukan penghematan energi, serta meningkatkan nilai lingkungan, keamanan pribadi, serta kenyamanan, (FI Pasaribu, P Harahap, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 115, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disain alat smart electricity sebagai alat mengendalikan arus listrik yang terhubung ke alat elektronik menggunakan kontaktor berbasis Arduino Uno dengan sensor ultrasonic untuk mengatasi permasalahan pemborosan listrik ditengah masyarakat Dimana alat ini berguna nantinya sebagai pendeteksi pergerakan aktivitas manusia menggunakan sensor ultrasonic dengan bantuan motor servo sebagai penggerak area jangkauan horizontal dan radio frequency identification (RFID) sebagai penyempurna area verikal agar semua proses pengoperasian lebih optimal. Sehingga alat ini menjadi solusi penghematan listrik rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen yang dimana penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui akibat yang ditimbulkan dari suatu perlakuan yang diberikan secara sengaja oleh peneliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun peralatan-peralatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 322, "width": 350, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Laptop Hp sebagai alat mem-program/perintah mikrokontroler", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 336, "width": 316, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Solder sebagai alat merekatkan komponen mikrokontroler", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 350, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Lem Tembak sebagai alat me-nyatukan perangkat mikrokontroler", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 364, "width": 390, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. USB sebagai alat untuk mentransfer file ke arduino sebagai otak pengendali", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 378, "width": 311, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Adaptor Sebagai alat Untuk Menghubungkan ke arus listrik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 391, "width": 349, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Multitester sebagai alat untuk mengukur tahanan,tegangan dan arus Bahan bahan yang diperlukan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Arduino Uno R3", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 433, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Arduino Nano ATMega 168", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 447, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Motor Servo", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 460, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kabel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 474, "width": 52, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. RFID", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 488, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Software Arduino", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 502, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Kontaktor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 516, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Relay 1 channel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 529, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Modul Power Step Down", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 543, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Modul I2C LCD", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11. Fritzing Prosedur Penelitian Adapun prosedur penelitian berdasarkan garis besar langkah kerja yang dilakukan diantaranya yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 612, "width": 411, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Arduino uno ATMega 328 adalah otak untuk memerintahkan komponen- komponen mikrokontroler, (Kurnianto, 2016), (Siswanto, 2018).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 640, "width": 414, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Sensor radio frequency identification bertugas untuk mendeteksi tempat kartu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 667, "width": 414, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kemudian radio frequency identification mengirimkan sinyal ke relay untuk disampaikan ke kontaktor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 695, "width": 417, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kemudian kontaktor bertugas memutuskan/menghubungkan sesuai perintah dari relay dan sensor radio frequency identification (RFID).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 723, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Setelah itu disambungkan ke stop kontak atau beban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 736, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Selesai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 288, "width": 211, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Skema Disain smart Electricity", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 223, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pengujian dan Analisa Perangkat Keras", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian dan analisa perangkat keras bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisa fungsi dari perangkat- perangkat yang digunakan oleh sistem serta memastikan semua perangkat yang akan digunakan telah siap beroperasi. Pengujian dan analisa perangkat keras ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 404, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terdiri dari :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 554, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Rangkaian Keseluruhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 574, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rangkaian pengujian sensor ultrasonic", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rangkaian pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menghubungkan antar komponen dari satu ke yang lainnya. Tahap awal pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menerima perintah dari arduino uno ke Ultrasonic, kemudian Ultrasonic akan merespon balik dengan membalas perintah dari arduino uno serta menampilkan status perintah dalam bentuk tampilan L.C.D, sebelum itu diturunkan terlebih dahulu tegangan menggunakan modul step down untuk menghindari panas yang ditimbulkan dibagian arduino uno, (Manurung, 2019), (Oky, 2018). Setelah itu ultrasonic mengirimkan perintah ke relay dan relay mengirim sinyal ke kontaktor untuk membuka/menutup apabila sensor ultrasonic mendeteksi suatu objek / manusia. Arduino Nano bertugas sebagai penggerak motor servo apabila ada perintah dari sistem, perintah untuk pengujian dapat dilihat pada gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 216, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Rangkaian Ultrasonic", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 236, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian Sensor RFID", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 250, "width": 428, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rangkaian pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menghubungkan antar komponen dari satu ke yang lainnya. Tahap awal pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menerima perintah dari arduino uno ke R.F.I.D reader, kemudian R.F.I.D akan merespon balik dengan membalas perintah dari Arduino Uno serta menampilkan status perintah dalam bentuk tampilan L.C.D, sebelum itu diturunkan terlebih dahulu tegangan menggunakan modul step down untuk menghindari panas yang ditimbulkan dibagian Arduino Uno. Setelah itu R.F.I.D mengirimkan perintah ke relay dan relay mengirim sinyal ke kontaktor untuk membuka/menutup apabila sensor ultrasonic mendeteksi suatu objek / manusia.Arduino Nano bertugas sebagai penggerak motor servo apabila ada perintah dari sistem, perintah untuk pengujian dapat dilihat pada gambar 4 berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 531, "width": 143, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Rangkaian RFID", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 431, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan mengadakan simulasi adanya manusia menscan kartu atau tidak, dan sensor R.F.I.D tersebut akan mengirim sinyal data ke arduino uno kemudian arduino uno akan memproses data kiriman dari R.F.I.D dan memerintahkan Relay dan relay akan mengirim sinyal ke kontaktor untuk bekerja menutup ataupun membuka (ON/OFF).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 626, "width": 243, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Disain menggunakan beban Kipas Angin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 431, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Pengujian alat ke - 1 menggunakan beban kipas angin yang telah dirancang dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam mengendalikan beban tersebut dari jarak yang telah ditentukan apabila menggunakan sensor Ultrasonic begitu sebaliknya dengan Radio Frequency Identification merespon pendeteksian kartu yang diprogram terlebih dahulu menggunakan software arduino uno. Hasil dari alat perancangan ini dalam bentuk pengaplikasian dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 5. Dalam pengujian ini kipas angin yang menjadi beban dengan tegangan 220 VAC, jika perintah kontrol yang dikirim dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "arduino uno, maka kontaktor akan menerima respon apabila diperintah membuka / menutup dan kontaktor akan mengirim sinyal dalam bentuk tampilan LCD.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 243, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Rangkaian Uji beban kipas angin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 263, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Disain menggunakan beban Televisi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 434, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pengujian alat ke 2 menggunakan beban televisi yang telah dirancang dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam mengendalikan beban tersebut dari jarak yang telah ditentukan apabila menggunakan sensor Ultrasonic begitu sebaliknya dengan Radio Frequency Identification merespon pendeteksian kartu yang diprogram terlebih dahulu menggunakan software arduino uno. Berikut : Dalam pengujian televisi yang menjadi beban dengan tegangan 220 VAC, jika perintah kontrol yang dikirim dari arduino uno, maka kontaktor akan menerima respon apabila diperintah membuka / menutup dan kontaktor akan mengirim sinyal dalam bentuk tampilan LCD, (webale, 2017), hasil dari alat perancangan ini dalam bentuk pengaplikasian dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 517, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Rangkaian Uji beban Televisi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 537, "width": 280, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Disain menggunakan beban Pendingin Ruangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 434, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Pengujian alat yang ke - 5 menggunakan beban pendingin ruangan yang telah dirancang dapat berfungsi dengan baik dalam mengendalikan beban tersebut dari jarak yang telah ditentukan apabila menggunakan sensor Ultrasonic begitu sebaliknya dengan Radio Frequency Identificationa merespon pendeteksian kartu yang diprogram terlebih dahulu menggunakan software arduino uno. Berikut : Dalam pengujian pendingin ruangan yang menjadi beban dengan tegangan 220 VAC, jika perintah kontrol yang dikirim dari arduino uno, maka kontaktor akan menerima respon apabila diperintah membuka menutup dan kontaktor akan mengirim sinyal dalam bentuk tampilan LCD, hasil dari alat perancangan ini dalam bentuk pengaplikasian dapat ditunjukkan pada Gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 284, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Rangkaian Uji beban Pendingin Ruangan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil pengujian peralatan listrik berupa kipas Angin, Televisi dan Pendingin Ruangan (AC) dengan pemakaian 60 menit berdasarkan jarak sensor ultrasonic dan RFID, dapat dilihat pada tabel 1 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 275, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Pengujian Media Sensor Ultrasonic dan R.F.I.D", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 371, "width": 381, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Alat Listrik dan elektronik Jarak Daya Beban Durasi Status 1 Kipas 1 m 45 Watt 60 Menit Berhasil 2 Televisi 2 m 65 Watt 60 Menit Berhasil 3 Ac ½ PK 3 m 450 Watt 60 Menit Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada sensor ultrasonic mengubah besaran fisis (bunyi) menjadi besaran listrik sehingga dari pantulan suatu gelombang bunyi dapat dipakai untuk menafsirkan eksistensi (jarak) suatu benda dengan frekuensi tertentu.dan sebaliknya. Sinyal tersebut berfrekuensi diatas 20kHz. Untuk mengukur jarak benda (sensor jarak), frekuensi yang umum digunakan adalah 40kHz.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 704, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Pengujian sensor ultrasonic pada beban", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RFID menggunakan sistem identifikasi dengan gelombang radio frekuansi 865- 868MHzz dan 902-928 MHz . Sehingga, minimal dibutuhkan dua buah perangkat,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yaitu TAG dan READER. Saat pemindaian data, READER menangkap sinyal dari RFID TAG. paling banyak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 324, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Scanning Kartu RFID", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 434, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumsi Daya Listrik (Penghematan) 1 Unit Ac ½ PK dengan daya 495 Watt dinyalakan dari pukul 09.00 pagi sampai 17.00 sore wib dan malam 19.00 – 22.00 (Tergantung Situasi), 1 Unit LED TV 32’ mempunyai daya 65 wh yang dinyalakan dari pukul 06.00 - 09.00 wib 12.00 – 03.00 wib dan 19.00 – 21.00 (Disesuaikan si pemakai), 1 Kipas angin mempunyai daya 45 Watt yang dinyalakan dari pukul 03.00 - 09.00 wib, maka total seluruh daya pemakaian alat elektronik yang dikonsumsi selama 1 hari nya yakni :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Data Harian Pemakaian (Alat smart electric)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 480, "width": 309, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No P (Daya ) Watt Hour Watt Hour 1 45 6 270 2 65 6 390 3 495 8 3960 270 + 390 + 3960 = 4620 wh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 396, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4620 / 1000 = 4,620 Kwh / Hari Golongan 900 VA = Rp 1467,28 / Kwh Rp 1467,28 x 4,620 Kwh = Rp 6.778,83 / Hari Rp 6.778,83x 30 Hari = Rp 203.365 / Bulan Bila Alat smart electric tidak digunakan, maka peralatan listrik tidak terkontrol pemakaiannya seperti pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Data Harian Pemakaian (Alat smart electric)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 678, "width": 208, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No P (Daya ) Watt Hour Watt Hour 1 45 12 540 2 65 16 1040 3 495 16 7920", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 740, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "540 + 1040 + 7920 = 9500 wh", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 88, "width": 230, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9500 / 1000 = 9,500 Kwh / Hari Golongan 900 VA = Rp 1467,28 / Kwh Rp 1467,28 x 9,500 Kwh = Rp 13.939,16/ Hari Rp 13.939,16 x 30 Hari = Rp 418.175 / Bulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Perbandingan Pemakaian Listrik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 177, "width": 293, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Keterangan Harian Bulanan 1 Dengan Alat Rp 6.778,28,-- Rp 203.365,- 2 Tanpa Alat Rp 13.939,16,- Rp 418.175,-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 434, "height": 107, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan : Jadi total keseluruhan pengeluaran selama 1 bulan sebesar Rp 203.365 / Bulan diluar biaya admin dan tergantung alat elektronik yang dihubungkan menggunakan alat perancangan smart electricity sebagai alat penghematan dan penggunaan listrik berbasis sensor ultrasonic menggunakan arduino uno dan Rp 418.175 tanpa alat (Tidak Terkontrol pemakaian) menghasilkan selisih penghematan sebesar Rp 214.810,-. Fungsi dari alat yakni mengontrol pemakaian peralatan elektronik yang terhubung dengan alat untuk mencegah pemborosan berlebihan dalam studi kasus lupa akan mematikan peralatan elektronik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 389, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari perancangan smart electricity sebagai alat penghematan dan penggunaan listrik berbasis sensor ultrasonic menggunakan arduino uno maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam Perancangan alat dan pembuatan sistem ini kita dapat mengetahui bentuk beserta fungsinya dan bagaimana cara pengoperasian alat ini sehingga kita dapat menimalisir sekaligus menghemat pemakaian energi listrik yang berlebihan oleh si pemakai ataupun adanya kelalaian si pemakai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 434, "height": 205, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem ini diprogram sesuai perintah yang telah diprogram yang dimana alat ini bekerja dengan cara mendeteksi keberadaan suatu objek (manusia) baik itu bergerak maupun diam dan pendeteksian scanning kartu. Apabila sistem tersebut tidak mendeteksi sama sekali suatu objek (manusia) dan tidak adanya scanning kartu maka sistem tersebut akan merespon sekaligus memerintahkan relay bekerja dan diteruskan ke kontaktor kemudian kontaktor akan menerima respon dari relay untuk menonaktifkan ataupun menghidupkan (On/Off) suatu peralatan elektronik yang sebelumnya kita koneksikan terlebih dahulu ke berbagai peralatan Listrik maupun elektronik penelitian ini dilakukan ada menggunakan alat ukur Laboratorium Elektro UMSU. Selain itu saya harapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan dan bahan pertimbangan sebagai penelitian berikutnya yang dapat dikembangkan sistem ini dari segi power supplay menggunakan solar cell (energi matahari) untuk lebih menghemat biaya pemakaian. Selain itu juga penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan selanjutnya dengan mengkombinasikan program agar semua jenis kartu dapat mengaksesnya sehingga lebih efisien apabila kartu bawaan RFID hilang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 707, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH (Jika ada)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 720, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan serta kesimpulan yang telah dikemukakan, saya ucapkan terimakasih penelitian ini dilakukan ada menggunakan alat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ukur Laboratorium Elektro UMSU. Selain itu saya harapkan penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan dan bahan pertimbangan sebagai penelitian berikutnya yang dapat dikembangkan sistem ini dari segi power supplay menggunakan solar cell (energi matahari) untuk lebih menghemat biaya pemakaian. Selain itu juga penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan selanjutnya dengan mengkombinasikan program agar semua jenis kartu dapat mengaksesnya sehingga lebih efisien apabila kartu bawaan RFID hilang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Arafat. 2017. “Desain Dan Implementasi Sistem Smart Home Berbasis Wi-Fi.” Al Ulum Sains dan Teknologi 2(2): 72–78.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 223, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Bhavke, Akshay, and Sadhana Pai. 2017. “Advance Automatic Toll Collection & Vehicle Detection during Collision Using RFID.” 2017 International Conference on Nascent.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Technologies in Engineering, ICNTE 2017 - Proceedings.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Daulay, Nelly Khairani, and M Nur Alamsyah. 2019. “Monitoring Sistem Keamanan Pintu Menggunakan Rfid Dan Fingerprint Berbasis Web Dan Database.” Jusikom : Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 4(02): 85–92.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] FI Pasaribu, I Roza, OA Sutrisno, 2020, Sistem Pengamanan Perlintasan Kereta Api Terhadap Jalur Lalu Lintas Jalan Raya, JESCE (JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEM CONTROL ENGINEERING) 4 (1), 43-52.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] FI Pasaribu, P Harahap, M Adam, 2020, Design of Energy Storage Circuits for Efficiency of Electric Power Usage in Computer Devices, Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal 2 (3), 368-375.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 405, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] FI Pasaribu, M Reza, 2021, Rancang Bangun Charging Station Berbasis Arduino Menggunakan Solar Cell 50 WP, RELE (Rekayasa Elektrikal dan Energi): Jurnal Teknik Elektro 3 (2), 46-55.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Ginting, Ardika Natadeli, and Muhammad Amin. 2018. “Keamanan Rumah Menggunakan Sensor Pir Dan Modul Gsm Arduino.” Jurnal Teknovasi 05(1): 46– 53.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Hayaty, Mardhiya, and Ade Rufaidah Mutmainah. 2019. “Sistem Kendali Dan Pemantauan Penggunaan Listrik Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Wemos Dan Aplikasi Blynk.” Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Komputer 7(4): 161–65.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Isfarizky, Zubaili, and Alfatirta Mufti. 2017. “Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Pemakaian Listrik Secara Multi Channel Berbasis Arduino (Studi Kasus Kantor Lbh Banda Aceh).” Karya Ilmiah Teknik Elektro 2(2): 30–35.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Kurnianto, Danny, Abdul Mujib Hadi, and Eka Wahyudi. 2016. “Perancangan Sistem Kendali Otomatis Pada Smart Home Menggunakan Modul Arduino Uno.” Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro 5(2): 260.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Manurung, Jonson. 2019. “MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR ULTRASONIK BERBASIS.” 4(1):0–4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Oky, Oky. 2018. “Perancangan Robot Avoider Berbasis Arduino Uno Menggunakan Tiga Sensor Ultrasonik.” EPIC : Journal of Electrical Power, Instrumentation and Control 1(2): 0–11.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Risqiwati, Diah. 2016. “Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Listrik Prabayar Dengan Menggunakan Arduino Uno.” Kinetik 1(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Sadi, Sumardi. 2018. “Rancang Bangun Monitoring Ketinggian Air Dan Sistem Kontrol Pada Pintu Air Berbasis Arduino Dan Sms Gateway.” Jurnal Teknik 7(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Mesil (Mesin Elektro Sipil)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 38, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2723-7052", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 52, "width": 198, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Url: https://ceredindonesia.or.id/index.php/mesil Vol.2, No.2, Desember 2021, Hal 40-50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Siswanto, Aditya Adiguna, and Gata Windu. 2018. “Kendali Dan Monitoring Suhu Dan Ketinggian Air Aquarium Dengan Sensor Ds18B20, Hcsr04 Dan Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 BerbasismWeb.” Prosiding SNST ke-9 Tahun 2018: 121–124.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[17] Wabale, Harshada S. 2017. “Electrical & Electronic Systems Automatic Menu Ordering System Using Zigbee and Arm Processor.” 6(2): 2–4.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[18] Waworundeng, Jacquline, Lazarus Doni Irawan, and Calvin Alan Pangalila. 2017. “Implementasi Sensor PIR Sebagai Pendeteksi Gerakan Untuk Sistem Keamanan Rumah Menggunakan Platform IoT.” CogITo Smart Journal 3(2): 152.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 94, "top": 64, "width": 274, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/infokum/index JURNAL INFOKUM, Volume 09, No.1, December 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 78, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN : 2302-9706", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 723, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFOKUM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 364, "top": 735, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 501, "top": 748, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 105, "width": 415, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN FOR SMOOTHNESS OF CREDIT PAYMENTS AT BANK DANAMON", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 241, "top": 146, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Farida Gultom 1 , Wahyudi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 159, "width": 120, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efarina University [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 195, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 207, "width": 427, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Application developers and users are key to the market impact on application development. In developing applications, it is necessary to predict applications in the market accurately, accurate prediction results are very important in showing the rating and making the right decisions in the selection of new prospective debtors. The tests carried out in this test use a dataset of credit customers from Bank Danamon. In this study, predictions of the smooth rate of credit payments will be made by combining the Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor methods. Prediction of the smooth rate of credit payments using a combination of the Naïve Bayes algorithm and K-Nearest Neighbor is able to predict the smoothness of credit payments in the future, this can be seen from the prediction results obtained by 80%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 314, "width": 273, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Credit, Credit risk, K-Nearest Neighbor, Naïve Bayes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 338, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 350, "width": 427, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Credit is the provision of money or equivalent claims, based on an agreement or loan agreement between a bank and another party that requires the borrower to repay his debt after a certain period of time with interest (Basic Banking Law No. 10 of 1998). At the beginning of its development, credit has a function to stimulate mutual help with the aim of achieving needs, both in the business sector or daily needs. Credit is expected to have a positive socio-economic impact on debtors, creditors, or the community (Tjoekam, 1999:3). In providing credit to customers, the bank experiences various problems or risks. One of the problems or risks experienced by banks in providing credit is the behavior of customers who do not pay installments on time or delay until several months of installment payments which ultimately lead to bad loans (Hasan, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 456, "width": 427, "height": 117, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The credit scoring system is an important and integrative part of the company's risk management. This system enables debt loss prevention by identifying, analyzing, and monitoring customer credit risk (Lobna Abid, 2016). Therefore, banks are more likely to accurately predict the solvency of loan applicants and predict the smoothness of future payments in many ways, such as credit limits and the length of loans allocated to customers. (Soukeina Zaghdene, 2017). This study contains observations on variables to distinguish good (current) and bad (Not Current) payments. The parameters used are account status, credit period, credit history, credit goals, credit ceiling, credit installment rate as a percent of income, personal status, guarantee, age, number of current bank loans, and number of dependents. This data will be used to build a credit scoring model that allows predicting the likelihood of new credit current payments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 575, "width": 427, "height": 140, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Some researchers use machine learning to predict the smoothness of credit payments. Mapirah et. el. (2016) conducted research to help make credit decisions and analyze customers' ability to pay credit. Researchers compared 2 methods, namely the C4.5 algorithm and Naïve Bayes. Another study (Hasan, 2017) uses Naïve Bayes based on forward selection to predict the smooth rate of credit payments with an accuracy value of 71.91%. In 2016, Lob Abid et al used Logistic Regression for loan payment prediction analysis using Tunisian bank data (Lob Abid et al., 2016) with an accuracy value of 68.49%.. In 2018 Admel Husejinovic conducted research on credit card payment predictions using several machine learning applications and compared the accuracy of each algorithm, where Naïve Bayes had an accuracy of 80.6%, K-Nearest Neighbor 79.2%, and C4.5 79% . The results of this study Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neigbor have a higher accuracy value than other methods. These modified algorithms were introduced to improve the weaknesses of existing data mining. The weakness of K-Nearest Neighbor is in the calculation process that is carried out in almost every data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 64, "width": 274, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/infokum/index JURNAL INFOKUM, Volume 09, No.1, December 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 78, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN : 2302-9706", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 723, "width": 351, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFOKUM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 501, "top": 748, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 104, "width": 427, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "at the classification stage (Mega Kartikas Sari et. El, 2015). The results of this study Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neigbor have a higher accuracy value than other methods. These modified algorithms were introduced to improve the weaknesses of existing data mining. The weakness of K-Nearest Neighbor is in the calculation process that is carried out in almost every data at the classification stage (Mega Kartikas Sari et. El, 2015). The results of this study Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neigbor have a higher accuracy value than other methods. These modified algorithms were introduced to improve the weaknesses of existing data mining. The weakness of K-Nearest Neighbor is in the calculation process that is carried out in almost every data at the classification stage (Mega Kartikas Sari et. El, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 211, "width": 427, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "To overcome this problem, an approach is proposed by combining the Naïve Bayes algorithm with K-Nearest Neighbor to overcome the weaknesses of the K-Nearest Neighbor method. This algorithm is expected to increase the effectiveness of time, accuracy of accuracy and length of processing time.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 271, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 283, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The problems that will be solved in this research are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 294, "width": 417, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. The first problem to be solved in this study is to record all data relating to all aspects of credit customers including personal information from customers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 318, "width": 417, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. The second problem to be solved in this study is the parameters that determine the smoothness of credit payments from customers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 304, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. The last problem is predicting the smoothness of customer payments", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 354, "width": 426, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Based on the analysis of the problems above, the three problems can affect the smoothness of credit payments by customers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 378, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data Preprocessing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 390, "width": 427, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The data used in the preprocessing stage is a loan dataset with a total of 363 data and 14 attributes. Of the 14 attributes will be used 10 attributes. The attributes used are attributes 3,4,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 and of the 10 attributes there are 3 data in categorical form, namely attributes 3,12,14. The sample dataset can be seen in the following table", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 264, "top": 437, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 1. Data Preprocessing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 592, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 604, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "After the application is built, the next step is to prove the application of the Naïve Bayes and K- Nearest Neighbor algorithm models in predicting the smoothness of credit payments by displaying better accuracy values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 640, "width": 188, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 2.Test Result Data Testing Data Naive Bayes 15% 25% 35% Accuracy 27.78% 30% 29% Precision 60.00% 50% 66.67% Recall 7.5% 11.11% 12.50%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 64, "width": 274, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/infokum/index JURNAL INFOKUM, Volume 09, No.1, December 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 78, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN : 2302-9706", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 723, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFOKUM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 364, "top": 735, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 501, "top": 748, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 213, "top": 105, "width": 188, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KNN and NB Accuracy 79.63% 80% 78.75% Precision 80.77% 81.40% 78.84% Recall 97.67% 97.22% 98.02%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 154, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In this section, an evaluation of the results of the tests that have been carried out will be carried out.The first test was conducted using the Naïve Bayes method with 15%, 25%, and 35% datasets. The test will use accuracy, and the test results of this method can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 202, "width": 161, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 3. Naïve Bayes accuracy results", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 217, "width": 203, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Testing Data Accuracy Precision Recall 15% 27.78% 60.00% 7.50% 25% 30% 50% 11.11% 35% 29% 66.67% 12.50%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 192, "top": 395, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 1. Graph of Accuracy Value using Naïve Bayes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 419, "width": 426, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. The results of the accuracy of Naïve Bayes combination of K-Nearest Neighbor Accuracy results with the combination of Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor are shown in the following table and graph:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 124, "top": 455, "width": 366, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 4.The results of the accuracy of Naïve Bayes combination of K-Nearest Neighbor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 467, "width": 207, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Testing Data Accuracy Precision Recall 15% 79.63% 80.77% 97.67% 25% 80.00% 81.40% 97.22% 35% 78.74% 78.84% 98.02", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 678, "width": 426, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 2. Graph of the accuracy value of the combination of Naïve Bayes and KNN . algorithms From the test results above, it can be seen a comparison using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and the combination of Nave Bayes and KNN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 284, "width": 194, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0,00% 20,00% 40,00% 60,00% 80,00% Akurasi Presisi Recall 15% 25% 35% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% Akurasi Presisi Recall 15% 25% 35%", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 94, "top": 64, "width": 274, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://infor.seaninstitute.org/index.php/infokum/index JURNAL INFOKUM, Volume 09, No.1, December 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 432, "top": 78, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN : 2302-9706", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 723, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INFOKUM is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 364, "top": 735, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 501, "top": 748, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 184, "top": 104, "width": 243, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 5. Accuracy Comparison Algorithm Accuracy Precision Recall NNB 30% 50% 11.11% Combine NB and KNN 80% 78% 97.22%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 167, "width": 427, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "From the results of the tests that have been carried out, it can be seen that the results of measuring the performance of the model are the best. At the time the test was carried out using only one method, namely Nave Bayes, the results of the level of accuracy were still low. However, after testing with a combination of 2 methods, namely Naïve Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbor, we get a better level of accuracy with a value of 80.00%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 238, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 250, "width": 427, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The results of tests that have been carried out using the Naïve Bayes method and the combination of Nave Bayes with K-Nearest Neighbor, the following conclusions are obtained: In the testing process using the Naïve Bayes method and tests carried out using K-Nearest Neighbor, the results of the accuracy level are very low. Tests carried out by combining the Naïve Bayes and K- Nearest Neighbor algorithms with tests carried out 3 times, the highest accuracy results are 80%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 322, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Reference", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 333, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] Abid, L.,Masmoudi, A., & Zouari-Ghorbel, S (2018). The Customer Loan’s Payment Default Predictive Model: an Aplication of the Logistic Regression and the Dsicriminant Analyisi in a Tunisian Commercial Bank. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 9(3),948-962.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 369, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[2] Abid, L., Zaghdene, S., Masmoudi, A., & Zouari-Ghorbel, S. (2017). Bayesin Network Modeling: A Case Study of Credit Scoring Analysis of Customer Loans Default Payment. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 7(9), 846-857.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 405, "width": 423, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[3] Bank Indonesia. (2009). Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 11 Tahun 2009. PBI No. 11/25/PBI/2009", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 417, "width": 427, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[4] Hasan, M. (2017). Prediksi Tingkat Kelancaran Pembayaran Kredit Bank Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes Berbasis Forwaed Selection. ILKOM Journal Ilmiah, 9(3), 317-324", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 440, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[5] Husejinovic, A, Keco, D., & Masetic, Z. (2018). Application of Machine Learning Algorithms in Credit Card Default Payment Prediction. International Journal Of Scientific Research, 7(10), 425-426", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 476, "width": 427, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[6] Islam, M. J., Wu, Q.M., Ahmadi, M., & Sid-Ahmend, M. A. (2010). Investigating the Performance of Naïve-Bayes Classifiers and K-Nearest Neighbour Classifiers. 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[ { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "434", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 137, "top": 89, "width": 354, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI DESA (SIDES) PADA DESA PAJAR BULAN KABUPATEN LAHAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 167, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M.Junius Effendi 1 , Kusnita Yusmiarti 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 187, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1)Fakultas Ilmu Komputer, Institut Teknologi Dan Bisnis Lembah Dempo", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 163, "top": 205, "width": 298, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 260, "width": 403, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RINGKASAN - Desa Pajar Bulan merupakan salah satu desa terletak di Kabupaten Lahat, yang merupakan kecamatan pemekaran dari kecamatan jarai berdasarkan peraturan daerah N0.14 tahun 2000. Dalam pelayanan publik baik itu menyampaikan informasi dan administrasi desa Pajar Bulan Kabupaten Lahat masih Konvensional, hal ini menjadikan lambatnya proses dalam pemberian informasi maupun administrasi oleh pihak perangkat desa kepada masyarakat. Di era teknlogi saat ini yang semakin maju, penerapan sistem informasi yang berbasis website dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut, sehingga dalam proses penyampaian informasi menjadi lebih transparan serta menjadi contoh bagi desa yang lain untuk meningkatakn e-government .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 404, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Desa Pajar Bulan, Sistem Informasi, Pelayanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 438, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 400, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten lahat adalah salah satu kabupaten di Sumatera Selatan, yang memiliki 7 kecamatan induk, pasca pemekaran wilayah kabutapen lahat pada saat ini memilik 24 kecamatan, salah satunya kecamatan Pajar Bulanyang berdiri berdasarkan peraturan daerah No. 14 tahun 2000. Dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di perdesaan, desa pajar bulan memiliki perangkat desa yang mempunyai tugas dan wewenang dalam penyelenggaraan, pembangunan dan pembinaan kepada masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 619, "width": 401, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pelayanan publik perangkat desa pajar bulan masih dilakukan secara konvensional, seperti pemberitahuan informasi masyarakat harus datang ke kantor untuk melihat informasi seperti: daftar penerima bantuan, update kegiatan, pengajuan surat menyurat, serta informasi lainnya. Perangkat desa atau pemerintahan desa merupakan salah satu bagian dari pemerintah di level bawah, yang mengelolah wilayah tingkat desa yang diatur dalam undang-undang no 23 tahun 2004.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "435", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin pesat dan tersedianya jaringan telekomunikasi di seluruh wilayah perdesaaan, salah satunya di Kecamatan Pajar Bulan Kabupaten Lahat memungkinkan adanya sebuah system informasi berbasis web yang mendukung jalannya penyampaian informasi seluruh elemen baik dari perangkat desa kemasyarakat desa. Penerapan sisteminformasi yang berbasis website merupakan solusi yang dapat diberikan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan bagi perangkat desa Pajar Bulan, dalam penyampaian informasi maupun meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap masyarakat secara transparan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 303, "width": 400, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari 2022 s/d Juni 2022. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kantor kepala Desa Pajar Bulan kecamatan pajar bulan kabupaten lahat sumatera selatan. Metode-metode yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini, antara lain metode pengamatan langsung, metode wawancara, metodePustaka, dokumentasi, internet. Metode pengembangan system informasi desa pajar bulan ini, menggunakan metode Rapid Application Develoment (RAD), berdasarkan penelitian[9]Maulana Kevin Pradana dkk, ada beberapa tahapan yang dilakukan, berikut tahapannya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 469, "width": 265, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Requirements Planning (PerencanaanPersyaratan).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 489, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Design Workshop", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 510, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Implementation ( Penerapan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 265, "top": 706, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1.Tahapan RAD", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "436", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 117, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan penulis maka dihasilkan suatu Sistem informasi desa yang mampu memberikan solusi bagi perangkat desa pajar bulan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan, penyampaian informasi terhadap masyarakat secara transparan bagi perangkat desa Pajar Bulan. kemudahan, akan menjadi lebih cepat dan akurat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 228, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Sistem Yang Sedang Berjalan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 249, "width": 401, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengamatan yang telah dilakukan pada system yang diberikan perangkat desa kepada masyarakat, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kekurangan dari sistem yang berjalan adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 319, "width": 401, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Proses penyampaian informasi masih dilakukan dengan tatap muka,dan melalui media konvensional,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 360, "width": 401, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Tidak adanya sistem informasi yang terpusat / online seperti system informasi desa , yang dapat digunakan untuk dapat membantu dalam meningkatkan pelayanan, penyampaian informasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 423, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Sistem yang Diusulkan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 443, "width": 401, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisi ssistem yang diusulkan merupakan perancangan system secara umum yang memberikan gambaran rancang bangun Sistem Informasi Desa (SIDES) yang diusulkan.Sistem yang diusulkan oleh penulis yaitu dengan cara mengubah alur sistem, penyampaian, transfarasi data secara konvensional di kantor Desa, desa Pajar Bulan Kecamatan Pajar Bulan Kabupaten Lahat, menjadi system informasi berbasis website .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 567, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perancangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 588, "width": 400, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis sistem yang sedang berjalan dan Tahap Perancangan ini akan digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam pengembangan Sistem Inforamsi Desa (SIDES). Dalam perancagan system penulis menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) ,diantaranya diagram use case diagram,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 671, "width": 156, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "class diagram activity diagram .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "437", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 321, "height": 583, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Use Case Diagram admin header profil Visi Misi sejarh sambutan lembaga pembagunan galery data penduduk jualan anggran video surat pemohnan download * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * User * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Gambar 2. Diagram Use Case Class Diagram -id -file Header -id -isi -gambar Sejarah -id -Isi Visi Misi -id -isi -gambar Sambutan -id -nama -isi -file Lembaga -id -isi -gambar Pembagunan -id -kategori -konten -file galery -id -judul -konten -file Berita -no kk -NIK -nama KK -nama ayah -nama ibu -jk -agama -anak ke -sekolah -pekerjaan -alamat -kewarganegaraan -tempat lahir -tanggal lahir Penduduk -id -konten -gambar Produk -id -file -keterangan anggaran -id -link -keterangan Video -id -file -keterangan download CLASS SISTEM INFORMASI DESA (SIDES) Gambar 3. Class Diagram Activity Diagram Admin Halaman admin He ad er pro fil Le m ba ga Pe m ba gu na n ga lery Be rita pro du k Da ta p em oh on su rat an gg ara n keluar Login area", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 240, "top": 704, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Activity Diagram Admin", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "438", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 312, "height": 248, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diagram Activity User Front End SIDES He ad er pro fil Le m ba ga Pe m ba gu na n ga lery Be rita pro du k Da ta p em oh on su rat an gg ara n selesai Gambar 5. Activity Diagram User", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 354, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan halaman Front End Website", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 384, "width": 250, "height": 150, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Logo Pajar Bulan Home Profil Desa Lembaga Header Pembagunan Berita Data Penduduk Galery Produk Masyarakat Video Download Anggaran Berita Layanan Pengajuan Surat Layanan Kontak Link Lainnya Alamat CopyRight@lembahdempo", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 224, "top": 558, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Rancangan Laman Front End", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "439", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Racangan Halaman Back End Website", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 328, "height": 207, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LOGO Beranda Header Profil Sejarah Visi Misi Sambutan Lembaga Adat Pembagunan Desa Kategori Galery Galery Berita Desa Data Penduduk Prroduk Masyarakat Download Area Data Anggaran Video Konten jenis Surat Data Permohonan Surat Data Admin KONTEN Gambar 7. Rancangan Halaman BackEnd Implementasi Sistem Implementasi Halaman Front End Website", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 237, "top": 534, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 8. Halaman Front End Website", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 563, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Halaman Front End Berita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 739, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Halaman Berita", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "440", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 263, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementas iHalaman Front End Data Penduduk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 260, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Halaman Data Penduduk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 289, "width": 302, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Halaman Front End Sambutan Kepala Desa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 476, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Halaman Sambuatan Kepala Desa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 505, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Halaman Back End Website", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 686, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Halaman Back End Website", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "441", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman Back End LembagaAdat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 294, "width": 246, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 11. Halaman Back End Lembaga Adat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 322, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman Frontend Galery", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 548, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 12. Halaman Galery", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 577, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman Backend Berita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "442", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 246, "top": 88, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 13. Halaman Admin Berita", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 117, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman Backend Jenis Surat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 295, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 14. Halaman Jenis Surat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 344, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 403, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode Rapid Application Development pengembangan Sistem informasi desa ( SIDES ) dapat mempermudah dalam menganalasis, merancangan, dan mengimplemntasi sistem informasi desa Desa Pajar Bulan sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan pelayanan, Informasi yang transfaran, kepada masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 506, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 533, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. R. Manalu, “Implementasi Sistem Informasi Penyewaan Mobil Pada Cv. Btn Padang Bulan Dengan Metode Waterfall,” Manaj. dan Inform. Komput. Pelita Nusant. , vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 34–43, 2015, [Online]. Available: [email protected]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 400, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Anisa Martadala, E. Redi Susanto, and I. Ahmad, “MODEL DESA CERDAS DALAM PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI (STUDI KASUS: DESA KOTABARU BARAT KECAMATAN MARTAPURA KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR),” J. Teknol. dan Sist. Inf. , vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 40–51, 2021,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 662, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[Online]. Available: http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/JTSI", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 675, "width": 400, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W. Mulyani and B. Eka Purnama, “Pembangunan Sistem Informasi Data Balita Pada Posyandu Desa Ploso Kecamatan Punung Kabupaten Pacitan,” Online.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 707, "width": 400, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Rakhmad Hidayat and M. Alfan Rosid, “Implementasi Framework CodeIgniter Dalam Pembuatan Sistem Informasi Pencatatan dan Pendataan Penduduk Desa Berbasis Web.”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 112, "top": 51, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 17, Nomor 1:434-443", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 51, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2023|ISSN (P):1829-7463 \\ ISSN (E):2716-3083", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 782, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Dharmawangsa", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 782, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "443", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 86, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S. Aji, D. Pratmanto, and A. Ardiansyah, “IMPLEMENTASI FRAMEWORK LARAVEL DALAM PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI DESA,”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 120, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021. [Online]. Available: http://ejournal.bsi.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/ijse A. Kurniawan, M. Chabibi, and R. S. Dewi, “Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Desa Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Prototyping Pada Desa Leran,” JURIKOM (Jurnal Ris. Komputer) , vol. 7, no. 1, p. 114, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.30865/jurikom.v7i1.1863.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N. Huda, U. Bina, D. Jalan, A. Yani, and N. 12 Palembang, “Konferensi Nasional Sistem Informasi 2018 STMIK Atma Luhur Pangkalpinang,” 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 228, "width": 401, "height": 46, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Suryanto and M. I. Maliki, “Penerapan Model Rapid Application Development (RAD) Dalam Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Warga,” J. Inform. dan Teknol. , vol. 5, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.29408/jit.v5i1.4887.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 276, "width": 400, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. K. Pradana, A. Andrianto, and Y. Alif Auliya, “Pengembangan Sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 294, "width": 373, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi Desa Terpadu Menggunakan Metode Rapid Application Development Studi Kasus Desa Arjasa,” 2022.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 38, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 50, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 50, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 61, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 61, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 756, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 376, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License . Copyright Ⓒ Author.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 134, "top": 88, "width": 360, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Respon Mahasiswa Terhadap Impelementasi Pembelajaran Berbasis Riset Pada Topik Aliran Fluida", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 141, "width": 386, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunarjo Suryanto Budi (1) , Fenno Farcis (2) , Theo Jhoni Hartanto (3) , Umi Amanda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 156, "width": 141, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putri (4) , Kristanoval Siloam (5)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 127, "top": 173, "width": 372, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3,4,5 Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 220, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diterima:22-01-2024; Disetujui:19-02-2024; Dipublikasi:20-02-2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 252, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 267, "width": 399, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mata pelajaran fisika merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan analitis, kritis, induktif, dan deduktif dalam pemecahan masalah melalui kegiatan ilmiah. Namun beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fisika merupakan mata pelajaran yang kurang diminati karena sebagian besar siswa menganggap fisika bersifat abstrak, sulit dipahami, dan tidak terkait dengan kehidupan sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan respon mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset pada materi aliran fluida. Peserta merupakan mahasiswa di tahun kedua Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya, yang terdiri dari 20 orang yang mengikuti perkuliahan Termodinamika. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen angket respon tes pemahaman konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset yang telah diikutinya. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran yang bermakna, khususnya dalam pembelajaran fisika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 452, "width": 304, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : aliran fluida, fisika, pembelajaran IPA, research based learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 498, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 514, "width": 400, "height": 201, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fisika merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran IPA yang dapat mengembangkan kemampuan analitis, kritis, induktif, dan deduktif dalam pemecahan masalah melalui kegiatan ilmiah (Sahin & Yagbasan, 2012). Kegiatan pembelajaran fisika dilaksanakan melalui eksplorasi, eksperimen, dan pemecahan masalah untuk menjelaskan berbagai fenomena yang terjadi melalui kegiatan ilmiah. Kegiatan eksplorasi yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk memperoleh informasi secara komprehensif. Kegiatan eksperimen yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuktikan atau menemukan konsep dan prinsip ilmiah (Hartanto, 2016). Proses mengkomunikasikan hasil percobaan menjadi bagian yang sangat penting dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran fisika hendaknya mengakomodasi kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut untuk mewujudkan tujuan pembelajaran fisika yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 720, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fisika merupakan mata pelajaran yang kurang diminati karena sebagian besar siswa menganggap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 201, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "fisika bersifat abstrak sehingga berdampak pada rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis dan pemecahan masalah siswa (Sahin & Yagbasan, 2012; Hartanto et al., 2023). Lebih lanjut Usmeldi (2016) juga mengungkapkan bahwa pembelajaran fisika lebih cenderung berpusat pada guru dimana siswa belum terlibat aktif dalam menemukan fakta, konsep, dan prinsip fisika. Model pembelajaran yang cenderung berpusat pada guru menjadikan siswa kurang kreatif karena tidak mencerminkan learning by doing (Hartanto, 2017; Marcelina & Hartanto, 2021). Hal ini disinyalir menyebabkan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap konsep-konsep fisika relatif rendah. Metode ceramah tradisional menghasilkan sedikit atau tidak ada perubahan pada pemahaman sebagian besar siswa tentang cara kerja dunia fisik (Musasia et al., 2016). Mendengarkan ceramah bukanlah cara yang efisien untuk mempelajari mata pelajaran apa pun. Peserta didik harus aktif dalam menciptakan dan memperluas pengetahuannya sejak saat itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 294, "width": 401, "height": 265, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamir (1991) telah menunjukkan bahwa bahkan guru yang pandai mengajar sekalipun masih memiliki keberhasilan yang terbatas dalam membantu siswa memahami fisika dengan menggunakan teknik ceramah. Musasia et al. (2016) menyatakan bahwa mengajukan pertanyaan teoritis, meminta mereka memikirkan sesuatu yang telah disampaikan guru; menyuruh mereka membuat prediksi, menyuruh mereka mengerjakan sesuatu di buku catatan, atau bahkan melakukan banyak demonstrasi, tampaknya tidak banyak berpengaruh. Pembelajaran fisika memerlukan sesuatu yang lebih terstruktur seperti praktik langsung atau melakukan eksperimen ( hands-on ), dan melatih siswa untuk berpikir (minds-on). Pola pembelajaran seperti ini akan melibatkan siswa untuk aktif terlibat dan memberikan penjelasan ilmiah berdasarkan pada aktivitas pengamatan atau eksperimen yang mereka lakukan (Musasia et al., 2016). Fisika harus dilihat sebagai mata pelajaran yang merangsang keingintahuan siswa, pikiran ingin tahu dan menuntut siswa untuk memecahkan masalah. Karakteristik fisika juga mengarah pada peningkatan keterampilan observasi, deduktsi, dan evaluatif (Suparno,2007), dan peningkatan pada kerja sama tim (Arifin et al., 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 564, "width": 400, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu upaya yang dianggap strategis adalah dengan mengembangkan dan menerapkan pembelajaran berbasis riset. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan pentingnya pembelajaran berbasis riset. Srikoon et al. (2014) menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis riset adalah proses pembelajaran untuk membangun keterampilan abad ke-21 yang penting, Pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat menantang guru untuk memikirkan kembali pedagogi mereka yang biasa (Brew & Saunders, 2020); Pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat mencakup beberapa metode pembelajaran yang berbeda dalam satu proses pembelajaran (Usmeldi, 2016; Usmeldi et al., 2017); Suntusia et al. (2019) menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat membekali siswa dengan keterampilan yang kompleks; sedangkan Suyatman et al. (2021) menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis riset merupakan pembelajaran yang mengacu pada permasalahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kehidupan nyata sehingga siswa dapat mempraktikkan teknik dan keterampilan pemecahan masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 120, "width": 400, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan-penjelasan di atas, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mendeskripsikan respon mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset pada topik aliran fluida. Selain itu, pola pembelajaran berbasis riset pada topik aliran fluida juga akan dibahas dalam artikel ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 215, "width": 401, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-experimental dan dilaksanakan di Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika FKIP UPR. Penelitian pre-experimental ini dilakukan pada satu kelompok yaitu kelompok eksperimen yang mendapatkan perlakuan (Sudaryono, 2019). Perlakuan berupa pembelajaran berbasis riset yang diimplementasikan pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti matakuliah Termodinamika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 294, "width": 358, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seluruh mahasiswa yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 310, "width": 403, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data merupakan langkah yang dilakukan untuk memperoleh data yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah yang sedang diteliti (Syofian Siregar, 2014). Data pada penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan cara pemberian angket respon kepada mahasiswa pada akhir pembelajaran. Data respon peserta didik dan guru diperoleh melalui angket yang menggunakan skala likert. Angket disusun berdasarkan aspek yang berkaitan dengan implementasi pembelajaran berbasis riset. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 437, "width": 401, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan untuk pola pembelajaran dikumpulkan dari catatan-catatan untuk data pola pembelajaran berbasis riset diperoleh dari lembar observasi selama pembelajaran diimplementasikan. Dengan pendekatan naratif (Creswell, 2012), selanjutnya pola pembelajaran dideskripsikan secara rinci sebagai upaya untuk menggambarkan secara detail dan runtut dari proses pembelajaran berbasis riset pada topik aliran fluida.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 548, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 563, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket respon mahasiswa merupakan instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui respon atau pendapat peserta didik tentang pembelajaran berbasis riset pada topik aliran fluida yang telah dilaksanakan. Angket respon ini diberikan kepada mahasiswa setelah menyelesaikan seluruh kegitatan pembelajaran dan setelah tes akhir hasil belajar kognitif. Hasil analisis terkait respon mahasiswa disajikan seperti pada Tabel 1 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 675, "width": 378, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil analisis respon mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 691, "width": 398, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Pernyataan dalam angket Persentase Mahasiswa (%) SS S CS TS", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 735, "width": 390, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Perkuliahan melalui kegiatan riset membuat saya lebih 80 20 0 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 398, "height": 258, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Pernyataan dalam angket Persentase Mahasiswa (%) SS S CS TS aktif dalam belajar 2. Perkuliahan yang dilaksanakan melalui riset membuat fisika lebih menarik untuk dipelajari 80 20 0 0 3. Belajar fisika dengan pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat melatih saya merancang dan melaksanakan eksperimen, menganalisis data, dan membuat kesimpulan 100 0 0 0 4. Permasalahan yang disajikan sangat terkait dengan fenomena yang ada di keseharian dan membuat saya tertantang untuk menyelesaikannya 100 0 0 0 5. Belajar fisika pembelajaran berbasis riset membuat saya lebih memahami konsep fisika pada fenomena di keseharian 70 20 10 0 6. Pembelajaran berbasis riset melatih saya untuk saling bekerjasama & membantu dengan teman-teman kelompok saya 80 20 0 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 342, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: SS = Sangat Setuju, S = Setuju, CS= Cukup Setuju, TS = Tidak Setuju", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 381, "width": 400, "height": 360, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil angket respon yang disajikan pada Tabel 1 memperlihatkan bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset pada materi aliran fluida yang telah dilaksanakan. Mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis riset yang dapat membawa mahasiswa untuk lebih terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu, pembelajaran berbasis riset dapat membantu mahasiswa memahami konsep dan melatih keterampilan berkolaborasi antar mahasiswa. Berdasarkan respon terlihat bahwa mahasiswa memberikan respon positif terhadap pembelajaran. Mahasiswa merasa senang dengan suasana pembelajaran berbasis riset yang telah diimplementasikan. Hasil seperti ini juga diperoleh pada studi Sumbawati & Anistyasari (2018) yang menemukan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa merasa nyaman mengikuti kelas dengan pembelajaran berbasis penelitian. Aktivitas pembelajaran melalui doing science memposisikan mahasiswa sebagai subjek belajar aktif melalui kegiatan penyelidikan sehingga pembelajaran menjadi lebih menyenangkan dan bermakna (Hartanto, 2017). Selain itu, menurut hasil analisis, mahasiswa memberikan respon bahwa aktivitas pembelajaran melatih untuk berkolaborasi antar mahasiswa. Tungkasamit (2019) menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa belajar membangun hubungan baik dengan mahasiswa lain, belajar bagaimana bekerja dalam kelompok dan memainkan perannya masing-masing. Suyatman et al. (2021) juga menyatakan bahwa apabila pembelajaran berbasis riset dilaksanakan dengan benar, maka peserta didik akan merasa senang karena pembelajaran berbasis riset mencakup aktivitas yang bervariasi dan tidak monoton.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 233, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil yang diperoleh ini sangat terkait dengan pola pembelajaran berbasis riset yang telah diimplementasikan. Inti dari pembelajaran berbasis riset adalah melibatkan mahasiswa dalam masalah penyelidikan nyata dengan menghadapkan mahasiswa dengan cara penyelidikan dan meminta mereka merancang cara mengatasi masalah. Melalui riset mahasiswa belajar menjadi seorang ilmuwan dalam upaya memeroleh pengetahuan. Triyanta (2018) menyatakan bahwa melalui pembelajaran berbasis riset mahasiswa diharapkan memiliki sikap-sikap seperti seorang ilmuwan. Pembelajaran berbasis riset mempunyai ciri-ciri yang memungkinkan siswa berlatih mencari, menyusun hipotesis, mengumpulkan dan mengolah data, serta menarik kesimpulan, yang pada akhirnya dapat membantu mereka memperoleh pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang lebih baik (Ramahwati, 2016). Hal ini diwujudkan dalam pembelajaran seperti disajikan pada Gambar 4 yang memperlihatkan kegiatan pengambilan data yang dilakukan oleh kelompok mahasiswa untuk memperoleh data kecepatan dan pola aliran udara di dalam ruangan yang dilengkapi dengan alat pendingin ruang (AC = air conditioner ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 581, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 . Dokumentasi mahasiswa saat melakukan pengambilan data menggunakan anemometer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 629, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 memperlihatkan hasil pekerjaan mahasiswa dari percobaan aliran fluida. Melalui aktivitas ini mahasiswa diharapkan dapat menghubungkan antara interpretasi dan data yang diperolehnya. AC selalu berada di bagian atas ruangan atau di samping langit-langit. Udara dingin dari AC turun karena berat. Udara yang lebih dekat ke permukaan lantai lebih hangat dan lebih ringan (massa jenisnya lebih kecil) dibandingkan udara dingin (massa jenisnya lebih besar). Jadi, udara yang lebih hangat ini naik dan tempatnya digantikan oleh udara dingin yang berasal dari AC sehingga arus (perpindahhan) fluida atau dinamakan konveksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terbentuk dengan cara ini. Aliran udara seperti ini yang membuat seluruh ruangan menjadi sejuk. Itu sebabnya agar konveksi terjadi, AC harus diletakkan di sisi atas ruangan. Jika unit AC dipasang di dekat permukaan tanah suatu ruangan, maka udara dingin yang berasal dari AC tidak akan naik dan sulit mendinginkan ruangan karena udara di bawah lebih padat dibandingkan udara yang ada di bagian atas. Temuan penelitian Hartanto (2017) menyimpulkan pembelajaran fisika disertai kegiatan percobaan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan dalam menafsirkan konsep fisika. Percobaan yang ada di dalam pembelajaran berbasis riset memungkinkan mahasiswa memahami hubungan antara apa yang diamati ( hands on ) dan ide-ide ilmiah yang mendasari pengamatan mereka ( minds-on ). Melalui kegiatan percobaan, akan lebih mudah untuk menjalin hubungan antara tindakan dan observasi (Hartanto, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 404, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penerapan pembelajaran berbasis riset dalam penelitian ini diintegrasikan dengan pendekatan STEM ( Science, Technology, Engineering dan Mathematics ). Kombinasi pembelajaran berbasis riset terintegrasi STEM mendukung terciptanya pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada aktivitas mahasiswa, baik secara hands on maupun minds on. Secara singkat, kombinasi antara pembelajaran berbasis riset dan STEM diperlihatkan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 389, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Contoh permasalahan dalam pembelajaran berbasis riset terintegrasi STEM pada materi aliran fluida.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 421, "width": 401, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Harian Kompas, 5 September 2023, memberitakan bahwa permintaan AC ( Air Conditioner ) mengalami peningkatan. Musim kemarau dengan cuaca yang sangat panas membuat permintaan AC mengalami peningkatan. AC merupakan rangkaian mesin yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pendingin udara yang berada di sekitar mesin pendingin tersebut. Tahukah kamu, mengapa AC selalu dipasang dibagian atas dari suatu ruangan? Bagaiman pola aliran udara di dalam ruangan ber-AC tersebut?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 509, "width": 400, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Technology Engineering Mathematics Pemahaman konsep perpindahan kalor dengan cara konveksi. Pemahaman konsep pola aliran udara dalam ruangan ber-AC. Penggunaan internet untuk mencari literasi tentang perpindahan kalor dengan cara konveksi dan aliran udara pada ruangan ber-AC Merancang desain ruangan untuk riset pola aliran udara; Mengukur aliran udara di dalam ruangan ber-AC dengan menggunakan alat ukur anemometer; Menggunakan pengukuran dengan menggunakan alat ukur panjang. Menggunakan konsep vektor untuk menggambar vector kecepatan aliran udara pada ruangan ber-AC.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 730, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pola pembelajaran berbasis riset dalam penelitian ini diadopsi sintaks dalam pembelajaran berbasis riset yang dilakukan oleh Priantari et al. (2022), Usmeldi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 249, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2015) dan Usmeldi (2016). Langkah pertama adalah permasalahan mendasar yang berkaitan dengan posisi alat pendingin ruangan atau AC dalam suatu ruangan. Langkah kedua adalah inventarisasi aspek-aspek yang mendukung proses penelitian (rancang percobaan pengukuran kecepalan dan pola aliran udara dalam ruangan ber-AC beserta kelengkapan alat dan bahan). Langkah ketiga adalah pengumpulan data literasi untuk memahami lebih dalam aspek-aspek pendukung proses penelitian dari penelusuran website, artikel-artikel ilmiah, dan media-media lain yang relevan dengan topik riset. Langkah keempat adalah melaksanakan kegiatan pengumpulan data berdasarkan rancangan yang telah disusun sebelumnya. Penelitian mahasiswa diakhiri dengan langkah terakhir (langkah kelima) berupa pelaporan hasil penelitian dan metaliterasi yang telah dilakukan oleh mahasiswa. Langkah-langkah tersebut menggambarkan bagaimana mahasiswa melaksanakan proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis riset dalam upaya meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa pada materi aliran fluida. Berikut uraian dari langkah-langkah pembelajaran berbasis riset yang diimplementasikan dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 358, "width": 403, "height": 396, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis riset yang diimplementasikan pada topik aliran fluida Tahap Kegiatan Pembelajaran Pengajuan permasalahan mendasar tentang posisi alat pendingin ruangan atau AC dalam suatu ruangan Pengajar bertanya pada mahasiswa apakah mereka pernah melihat alat pendingin ruangan (AC), kemudian menanyakan dimana umumnya AC diletakkan? Bagaimana pola aliran udara pada ruangan ber-AC tersebut? Mahasiswa menyatakan tanggapan atau pendapatnya mengenai pertanyaan yang telah disajikan. Mahasiswa bersama kelompoknya mulai melakukan diskusi awal untuk persiapan penelitian Menginventarisasi aspek- aspek pendukung proses penelitian yang akan dilakukan Pengajar menyampaikan aspek-aspek yang harus dipahami terlebih dahulu agar proses penelitian dapat berjalan dengan baik dan lancar Mahasiswa bersama kelompoknya menuliskan aspekaspek yang harus dipahami terlebih dahulu sebelum melaksanakan penelitian. Mahasiswa bersama kelompoknya berbagi tugas untuk menemukan dan memahami aspek-aspek yang harus dipahami terlebih dahulu sebelum melaksanakan penelitian. Mahasiswa bersama kelompoknya mulai melakukan diskusi awal aspek-aspek yang telah dipahami sebelum melengkapinya dengan menggunakan sumber internet. Pengumpulan data literasi untuk memahami lebih Mahasiswa bersama kelompoknya sesuai pembagian tugasnya melakukan pencarian sumber-sumber data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 54, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 89, "width": 400, "height": 69, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap Kegiatan Pembelajaran dalam tentang konveksi alami ( natural convection ) fluida dari penelusuran website dan channel youtube. literasi yang diperlukan dalam mendukung penelitian yang akan dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 134, "width": 400, "height": 229, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dosen memeriksa hasil-hasil pencarian yang telah dilakukan oleh masing-masing kelompok dan memberikan saran pencarian lain jika hasil yang ditemukan mahasiswa masih belum tepat. Melaksanakan pengumpulan data berdasarkan rancangan yang telah disusun Pada tahap ini bisa mahasiswa melakukan penyelidikan/percobaan/eksperimen, pengumpulan data, dan analisis data untuk menjawab permasalahan yang telah diajukan di awal. Mahasiswa mengukur dan menghitung kecepatan dan pola aliran udara pada ruangan ber-AC. Menyajikan/ mempresentasi kan hasil penelitian mahasiswa Mahasiswa membangun FGD intern kelompok untuk persiapan presentasi; Mahasiswa melaksanakan presentasi dengan mensimulasikan proses penelitian sesuai bagiannya masing-masing; Membuka sesi tanya jawab dengan anggota kelompok lain; Menyimpulkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 384, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inti dari pembelajaran berbasis riset adalah melibatkan mahasiswa dalam masalah penyelidikan nyata dengan menghadapkan mahasiswa dengan cara penyelidikan dan meminta mereka merancang cara mengatasi masalah. Melalui riset mahasiswa belajar menjadi seorang ilmuwan dalam upaya memeroleh pengetahuan. Triyanta (2018) menyatakan bahwa melalui pembelajaran berbasis riset mahasiswa diharapkan memiliki sikap-sikap seperti seorang ilmuwan. Pembelajaran berbasis riset mempunyai ciri-ciri yang memungkinkan siswa berlatih mencari, menyusun hipotesis, mengumpulkan dan mengolah data, serta menarik kesimpulan, yang pada akhirnya dapat membantu mereka memperoleh pemahaman dan pengetahuan yang lebih baik (Ramahwati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 559, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 575, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran berbasis riset terintegrasi STEM secara umum memberikan tanggapan yang positif bahwa pembelajaran ini dapat memberikan beberapa perubahan pada diri mahasiswa, yaitu pembelajaran ini dapat membantu mereka mengatasi kesulitan dalam memahami konsep fisika dan meningkatkan keterlibatan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran melaui kegiatan percobaan. Selain itu pembelajaran ini dapat memberikan perasaan senang karena mahasiswa belajar bersama secara berkelompok dan mahasiswa terlihat tertarik dalam mengikuti pembelajarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 702, "width": 400, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap-tahap pembelajaran riset terintegrasi STEM sudah memperlihatkan aktivitas mahasiswa melakukan proses riset. Sintaks riset pembelajaran berbasis riset yang dilaksanakan, yaitu ask (merumuskan pertanyaan), investigate", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 31, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kanderang Tingang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 31, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2087-166X (printed)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 42, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol.15 No.1 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 401, "top": 42, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2721-012X (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 54, "width": 396, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FKIP Universitas Palangka Raya DOI: https://doi.org/10.37304/jikt.v15i1.306", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 780, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(merencakanan penyelidikan dan mengumpulkan data), create (menganalisis data dan menginterpretasikan hasil), discuss (mendiskusikan temuan penyeldiikan dan membuat simpulan), reflect (melakukan refleksi dan membuat hubungan antar konsep).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 167, "width": 46, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Funding", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 183, "width": 400, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dibiayai oleh Dana Hibah Penelitian Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Palangka Raya Tahun 2023 dengan Nomor SK Hibah : 3572/UN24.3/DT/2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 247, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 262, "width": 400, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arifin, Z., Sukristyanto, A., Widodo, J., & Rahman, M.R. 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[ { "left": 100, "top": 95, "width": 414, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 237, "top": 117, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 3, No. 2, October 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 483, "top": 780, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 159, "width": 387, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INUNDATION ANALYSIS OF SOUTH JAKARTA JALAN TIONG AREA USING HEC-RAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 217, "width": 233, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mohammad Imamuddin 1 , and Rizki Priya Ramadan 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 233, "width": 431, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2 Civil Engineering Study Program, Muhammadiyah Jakarta University, Jl. Cempaka Putih Tengah 27, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 259, "width": 227, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correspondence email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 294, "width": 217, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received June 23, 2023 | Accepted August 18, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 338, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 353, "width": 406, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Tiong Channel is located on Jalan Tiong Karet Kuningan, South Jakarta, geographically located between 6°13'06.5\" South Latitude and 106°49'17.0\" East Longitude. On Jalan Tiong often floods when the rainy season arrives. The flood was caused by several factors, one of which was the drainage channel that could not function properly. At several points in the water channel that will lead to the Krukut River there is a lot of plastic waste from residents which causes narrowing of the channel. The non-uniform channel dimensions are also the cause of flooding, there are several channel points that experience narrowing. From the above conditions, it is necessary to do an analysis of flood problems in the Tiong Karet Kuningan Canal area of South Jakarta to find out whether the Tiong Karet Kuningan Canal in South Jakarta can still accommodate water discharge based on rainfall in the last 10 years and whether the Tiong Karet Kuningan Canal in South Jakarta needs to be normalized. Based on the results of manual calculations and the HEC-RAS application, the Tiong Karet Kuningan Canal in South Jakarta cannot accommodate water discharge based on rainfall in the last 10 years of 12.61 m3/s. At point 0 – point 350 it is necessary to normalize by widening the channel to 2 m and increasing the depth/height of the channel to 2 m. and planning of sluice gates on the downstream of the canal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 544, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: channels 1, floods 2, pumps 3, sluice 4 and HEC-RAS 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 589, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 606, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jalan Tiong is an environmental road where ordinary residents pass through the road. The road is in a basin area and has a canal that collects water flow from several surrounding complexes. The average depth of the canal is 1.3 meters from the face of Jalan Tiong, with a width of 1.5 meters, with a catchment area of 0.31 km2. When it rains with a high enough intensity, problems with flooding or inundation start to arise. Based on information from local residents, when it rains with high intensity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 589, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for 1-2 hours, the water level from the canal has risen and inundated the settlements by up to 50 cm. but this flood did not last long if the rain had stopped then the flood also slowly receded. The things that cause flooding are the channel narrowing and sedimentation originating from silt, plastic waste and inadequate utilities around the channel which narrows the cross-sectional area of the channel so that the flowing water is not accommodated and overflows into residential areas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The channel flow on Jalan Tiong leads to the main channel, namely the large river on the west side, namely the Krukut River. In this area there is no drainage pump which is expected to be able to help remove excess flow discharge. Drainage is a technical measure to reduce excess water, whether it comes from rainwater, seepage, or excess irrigation water from an area/land, so that the function of the area/land is not disturbed (Suripin, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 239, "width": 218, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From these conditions, the author wants to analyze the problems that cause flooding in the Tiong Street area, South Jakarta, which is hoped from this analysis can be input for local agencies and the government so they can deal with frequent flooding problems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 136, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. THEORETICAL BASIS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 219, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The DKI Public Works Service Book explains that flooding is a condition when the water flow and/or water level elevation in a river or river or canal is larger or higher than normal. Puddles that arise in low areas as a result are also included in this definition.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inundation is an event where water stops or water does not flow. It is possible that in one location there is a pool of water even though the water level in the river is still below average. However, the substance remains the same. It means the same as there is stagnant water. It's just that, technically the handling can be different because one is caused by the overflow of water in the river/river, while the other is caused by no water flowing because it is blocked by a canal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 611, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The fundamental difference between a flood and a puddle lies in how high the water level is. If the water that has stagnated after heavy rains in Jakarta is at a height of no more than 40 centimeters, then it is simply referred to as the puddle phase. If the stagnant water is more than 40 cm and has to make people evacuate on a large scale, then this is categorized as a flood (Teguh, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 738, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hydrology is one of the factors needed to solve a problem of water resources.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 85, "width": 219, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hydrological analysis is an important step in planning drainage because it can determine the amount of runoff or discharge that must be accommodated. The data included in hydrology are the area of the drainage area, the size and frequency of the planned rain intensity and the water catchment area.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 185, "width": 219, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidrologic Engineering Center (HEC) U.S. Army Corps of Engineering in 1995 developed HEC-RAS which is a non- commercial software. This program is designed to calculate water level profiles for steady and gradually varied flow in natural or man-made channels. HEC-RAS has the main objective to calculate the water level elevation at the cross-sectional location studied along a river or stream for certain flow values. Profile calculations are performed on cross-sections with known or estimated initial conditions, then proceed upstream for subcritical flow types and downstream for supercritical flow types (Bedient et al, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 415, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research purposes", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 428, "width": 218, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude of the flood discharge in the south jakarta tiong road channel, with Q10 and identify flood-prone areas and provide solutions to flooding problems that occur in the south jakarta tiong road channel,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 522, "width": 78, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research sites", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 536, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The location for this research is Jalan Tiong, South Jakarta, which is a flood area.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 703, "width": 167, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Viewed Location Points", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 722, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Source: Analysis Results Using Google Earth)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 123, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 124, "width": 107, "height": 383, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research flow chart Figure 2. Flow chart", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 512, "width": 79, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data collection", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 532, "width": 218, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Primary Data Primary data is data obtained by direct observation in the field, primary data consists of:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 586, "width": 204, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Drainage channel The data taken is the wall of the channel to determine the value of manning roughness, height and width of the channel.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 204, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Secondary data Secondary data is data obtained from agencies that are related to planning, controlling and handling floods. Includes Study Location, Catchment area, Rainfall, Land use Map and existing river discharge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 101, "width": 165, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrological Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 134, "width": 219, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hydrological data includes, among other things, the area of the drainage area, the amount and frequency of rainfall intensity. The size of the catchment area will affect surface runoff, while the catchment area can be determined from aerial photographs or topographical maps. This is intended so that the hydrological analysis can approach the actual conditions that occur in the field. Rainfall data were obtained from rain gauge stations and rain post stations located in the area around the study site and can represent the frequency of rainfall that falls in the catchment area. In determining the catchment area, it can be viewed from the highest elevation to the highest elevation. Lowest. The planned flood discharge planning is based on the amount of rainfall in the planned return period in accordance with the Log Person III Distribution standard. For the analysis of the planned rainfall, 25 years of observational data from the Kemayoran rainfall recording station were used.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 478, "width": 210, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calculation of Return Period Hydrology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 497, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Determine the hydrological design of the return period (T) in accordance with the area of the catchment area of the Tiong Road area obtained from Google Earth and direct surveys to the location, with an area of 309,447 m2 or converted to 0.309 km2, therefore according to table 2.8 a 5 year return period is used . As for the residential area of the metropolitan city, the return period will be increased one notch above the standard. So the return period used is the return period (T) of 10 years.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 213, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3. Catchment Area of Jalan Tiong Street, South Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 257, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rainfall analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 218, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The rainfall data used for 25 years from 1999 to 2023. The rainfall data obtained is the maximum daily rainfall data from the nearest station, namely: Kemayoran Meteorological Station. Rain data taken is the biggest rain in each year. The data can be seen in table 1 as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Maximum annual return period rainfall data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 582, "width": 219, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analysis of the frequency of rainfall is needed to determine the appropriate type of distribution (distribution) and according to the requirements for selecting the type of distribution.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 85, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Calculation of distribution for rainfall", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 308, "width": 209, "height": 193, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Average Rainfall Average value ( 𝑋̅ ) = ∑ log 𝑋𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 n = 3.658,3 25 = 146,33 Standard deviation (Sd) Standard deviation (Sd) = √ ∑ (𝑋𝑖−𝑋)² 𝑛 𝑖=1 n−1 = √ 85.814,59 25−1 = 59,80", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 507, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficient of Variation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 527, "width": 216, "height": 188, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficient of Variation = 59,80 146,33 = 0,41 Slope coefficient Slope coefficient (Cs)= 𝑛 . ∑ (𝑋𝑖− 𝑋)³ 𝑛 𝑖=1 (n−1).(𝑛−2) . (𝑆𝑑)³ = 25 𝑥 4019189,788 (25−1) x (25−2) 𝑥 59,80³ = 0,85 Sharpness coefficient Sharpness coefficient (Ck)= 𝑛 . ∑ (𝑋𝑖− 𝑋) 𝑛 𝑖=1 ⁴ (n−1).(𝑛−2) .(𝑛−3).(𝑆𝑑)⁴ = 25² 𝑥 790200871,2 24 x 23 𝑥 22 𝑥 (59,80)⁴", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 430, "top": 715, "width": 41, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 3,18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 410, "width": 205, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Year Monthly rainfall data (mm) Rain max Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Des 1 1999 50,1 50,2 13,6 17,4 47,4 21,4 147,2 0,3 38,6 46 54,4 77,4 147,2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 77, "top": 428, "width": 205, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 2000 94,8 60,8 22,5 58,5 30,2 20,8 3,8 27,6 14 10,5 30,6 42 94,8 3 2001 82,2 55,6 41,7 50,8 28,8 45,5 11,6 50,2 5 39,3 44,4 51,4 82,2 4 2002 107,6 168,5 104,8 22,1 35,5 1,2 60,5 0 0 3 38 50,2 168,5 5 2003 59 89,3 35,9 41 27,4 3,2 0 2,1 13,6 71,2 87 199,7 199,7 6 2004 57,5 66 74,5 129,3 24,7 43 40,5 17,3 0 26,7 18 63,5 129,3 7 2005 124,1 63,3 95,7 45,8 29 33,8 61,4 19,5 44,8 53 49,8 23,6 124,1 8 2006 65 71,1 61,2 72 30 27,6 19,8 0 0,2 10,6 17 28,9 72 9 2007 68,4 234,7 35,9 49,4 70,8 52,4 32,9 32,1 23,4 26,3 25,6 84 234,7 10 2008 117 192,7 49,3 75,6 15,7 20 9,5 24,6 94,4 45,8 26,2 50,4 192,7", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 77, "top": 477, "width": 205, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 2009 122,5 38,3 68,1 56 101,5 32 7 4,5 76,5 47 112 59,2 122,5 12 2010 73,9 68 85,7 20,7 21 43,8 73 55,5 57,9 93 39,9 52,2 93 13 2011 37 119,2 49 32,5 62,8 30,6 7,4 1,5 50,4 21,4 14 67,2 119,2 14 2012 55,7 16 56,3 59 42,4 42,6 21 0 19,2 12,5 105,2 54,2 105,2 15 2013 193,4 35,6 38 48,2 38,9 42,3 42,3 26,6 25,4 65,1 41,6 70,6 193,4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 77, "top": 118, "width": 440, "height": 439, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 2014 147,9 108,2 26,2 53,5 12,1 62 46 36,9 0,1 37,5 41 49 147,9 17 2015 134,3 277,5 55,3 33,3 16,6 6,9 0 5,2 0 0 54,1 93,2 277,5 18 2016 30,8 115 90,8 124,5 53 59 76 50 59,8 21 51 14,8 124,5 19 2017 45 179,7 23,3 49,6 46,5 45,5 81,4 0,8 71 50 60,7 90,7 179,7 20 2018 46,4 104,6 51 52,3 7,8 6,7 14,5 32,8 36,6 94,5 47 23,4 104,6 21 2019 86,6 49 90,5 50,6 24,5 18,1 0 0 0 1 33 40 90,5 22 2020 145,3 277,5 63,6 72 29 6,5 9 68,3 2,5 57,6 26 34,8 277,5 23 2021 43,8 94,1 67,2 73,4 92,2 31,4 17,8 66,5 36,7 55,3 34 65,6 94,1 24 2022 204 88,3 34,5 66,6 35,2 32,6 36 15,4 55,8 48,6 42,4 38,5 204 25 2023 35,3 76,9 79,5 66,6 45,5 1,7 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,5 Tahun Xi Xi - X (Xi-X) 2 (Xi-X) 3 (Xi-X) 4 1999 147,2 1 1 1 0,57 2000 94,8 -52 2656 -136846 7051930,00 2001 82,2 -64 4113 -263769 16916056,83 2002 168,5 22 491 10894 241493,84 2003 199,7 53 2848 152000 8111920,96 2004 129,3 -17 290 -4941 84151,64 2005 124,1 -22 494 -10988 244294,75 2006 72 -74 5525 -410703 30528345,84 2007 234,7 88 7809 690057 60978972,69 2008 192,7 46 2150 99691 4622463,12 2009 122,5 -24 568 -13536 322583,36 2010 93 -53 2844 -151692 8090055,14 2011 119,2 -27 736 -19973 541910,09 2012 105,2 -41 1692 -69589 2862327,40 2013 193,4 47 2215 104274 4907982,20 2014 147,9 2 2 4 6,04 2015 277,5 131 17205 2256751 296013546,75 2016 124,5 -22 477 -10406 227182,09 2017 179,7 33 1113 37153 1239711,72 2018 104,6 -42 1742 -72679 3033030,62 2019 90,5 -56 3117 -174040 9717012,05 2020 277,5 131 17205 2256751 296013546,75", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 342, "top": 272, "width": 174, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021 94,1 -52 2728 -142498 7442976,06 2022 204 58 3326 191781 11059603,55 2023 79,5 -67 4467 -298506 19949767,18", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 341, "top": 292, "width": 174, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total 3658,3 0 85814,5944 4019189,788 790200871,2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "44 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribution method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The following table results of calculations to determine the distribution method:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 139, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Calculation results of the distribution method and the terms of the distribution method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the calculation and analysis of rainfall data, the method that meets the requirements is the Pearson III log.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 343, "width": 195, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pearson Log Method Plan Rainfall III", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 362, "width": 219, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To determine the magnitude of the planned flood discharge, the method used is the Type III Log Person Method. The log pearson III method has no requirements on the slope coefficient and sharpness coefficient to calculate the design rainfall.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Planned rainfall Pearson log method III", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 641, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calculating Average X Log Value The average log ẋ value is calculated by the following formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 682, "width": 123, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Log ẋ = ∑ log 𝑋𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 n = 53,31 25 = 2,13", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 85, "width": 218, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calculating the standard deviation of the log person III The standard deviation of log x can be calculated using the following formula", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 146, "width": 46, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sd Log x", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 140, "width": 102, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= [ ∑ (log 𝑋𝑖−log 𝑥)² 𝑛 𝑖=1 n−1 ] 0.5 = [ 0,70 24 ] 0.5 = 0,17", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 213, "width": 194, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calculating the slope coefficient (Cs)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 227, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The slope coefficient value can be calculated by the following formula", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 254, "width": 168, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cs = 𝑛 . ∑ (log 𝑋𝑖−log 𝑥)³ 𝑛 𝑖=1 (n−1)(𝑛−2) . 𝑆³ = 25 𝑥 0,03 (25−1)(25−2) . 0,17³ = 0,27", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 324, "width": 177, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Return Period Maximum Rainfall", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 338, "width": 218, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Calculating the amount of rainfall for the repeated year period in the distribution of log person III as follows: Log XT = log ẋ + KT * Sd log x The value of the frequency factor (KT) is obtained by interpolating for periods (T) of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 years, if it is known that the slope coefficient (Cs) is 0.27, then the frequency factor value is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 472, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Value of the frequency factor (KT) for the Pearson III Log distribution", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 554, "width": 218, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Applied Hydrology (Bambang Triatmodjo, 2008) Log XT = log ẋ + KT * Sd log x Log XT = 2,13 + ( 1,839 * 0,17 ) = 2,45 The formula for calculating rainfall for the return period is the opposite of the XT or Antilog log XT XT = Antilog XT = Antilog 2,44 = 279,61", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 93, "top": 195, "width": 172, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Distribution Condition Results Information 1 Gumbel Cs = 1.1396 Cs = 0.85 Does not meet the Ck = 5.4002", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 95, "top": 217, "width": 170, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ck = 3.18 Does not meet the 2 Normal Cs = 0 Cs = 0.85 Does not meet the", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 233, "width": 178, "height": 269, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ck = 3 Ck = 3.18 Does not meet the 3 Log Normal Cs = 3 atau 3Cv Cs = 0.85 Does not meet the Cv = 0.41 4 Log Person III Cs = 0.85 Fulfil have no conditions Ck = 3.18 Fulfil Tahun Xi Log Xi LogXi-LogX (LogXi-LogX)² (LogXi-LogX)³ 1999 147,2 2,1679 0,0354 0,0013 0,0000 2000 94,8 1,9768 -0,1557 0,0242", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 92, "top": 497, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,0038 2001 82,2 1,9149 -0,2176 0,0474", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 246, "top": 503, "width": 15, "height": 5, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,0103", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 508, "width": 169, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2002 168,5 2,2266 0,0941 0,0089 0,0008 2003 199,7 2,3004 0,1679 0,0282 0,0047 2004 129,3 2,1116 -0,0209 0,0004 0,0000 2005 124,1 2,0938 -0,0387 0,0015 -0,0001 2006 72 1,8573 -0,2751 0,0757 -0,0208 2007 234,7 2,3705 0,2380 0,0567 0,0135 2008 192,7 2,2849 0,1524 0,0232 0,0035 2009 122,5 2,0881 -0,0443 0,0020 -0,0001 2010 93 1,9685 -0,1640 0,0269", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 551, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,0044 2011 119,2 2,0763 -0,0562 0,0032", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 246, "top": 557, "width": 15, "height": 5, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,0002", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 562, "width": 169, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2012 105,2 2,0220 -0,1105 0,0122 -0,0013 2013 193,4 2,2865 0,1540 0,0237 0,0037 2014 147,9 2,1700 0,0375 0,0014 0,0001 2015 277,5 2,4433 0,3108 0,0966 0,0300 2016 124,5 2,0952 -0,0373 0,0014 -0,0001 2017 179,7 2,2545 0,1221 0,0149 0,0018 2018 104,6 2,0195 -0,1129 0,0128 -0,0014", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 600, "width": 169, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2019 90,5 1,9566 -0,1758 0,0309 -0,0054 2020 277,5 2,4433 0,3108 0,0966 0,0300", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 90, "top": 504, "width": 438, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021 94,1 1,9736 -0,1589 0,0252 -0,0040 2022 204 2,3096 0,1771 0,0314 0,0056 2023 79,5 1,9004 -0,2321 0,0539 -0,0125 Jumlah 3.658,30 53,31 0,00 0,70 0,03 CS Period In Years 2 5 10 25 50 100 200 0,3 -0,050 0,824 1,309 1,849 2,211 2,544 2,856 0,27 -0,044 0,826 1,306 1,839 2,193 2,520 2,825 0,2 -0,033 0,830 1,301 1,818 2,159 2,472 2,763", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "45 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6 maximum rainfall return period .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Calculation Results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 180, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Design Debit Analysis (Qt) The following is the calculation stage for the planned channel discharge:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 221, "width": 129, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Run-off coefficient (C)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 238, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To determine the run off coefficient (C), the catchment area is divided into 2 parts, namely housing and roads.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 218, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 4. Allotment of land functions. The value of the run off coefficient (C) according to table 2.9 for the type of residential area is 0.75 and 0.95 for roads. With a catchment area of 0.309 km² How to determine the area in table 4.7 by surveying the field and plotting it using the Google Earth application.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 524, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. Result of channel Flow Coefficient calculation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 603, "width": 196, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Average C calculation: C average = ∑ 𝐶𝑖 . 𝐴𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 ∑ 𝐴𝑖 𝑛 𝑖=1 = 0,02014+0,21618525 0,0212+0,288247 = 0,23632525 0,309447 = 0,76 • Channel tilt", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 689, "width": 218, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The slope and length of the channel are obtained from google earth. From the measurement results the Tiong canal has a length of 580 meters, the upstream elevation is 13.5 m and the downstream elevation is 8 m. The following is the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 85, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "calculation of the slope of the Tiong PHB channel:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 113, "width": 220, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S = 𝛥𝐻 𝐿 = ( 13,5−8 ) 580 = 0,0095 • Concentration time (Tc) 𝑇c = 0,0195 𝑥 𝐿 0,77 𝑆 0,385 = 0,0195 𝑥 580 0,77 0,0095 0,385 = 15,79 Minute = 0,26 hour • Rain Intensity (I)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 196, "width": 218, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rainfall intensity can be calculated using the Mononobe formula, with the available rainfall data being the average daily maximum rainfall data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 251, "width": 145, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rain Intensity 𝐼 = 𝑅 24 24 ( 24 𝑡𝑐 ) 2/3 Where : I = rainfall intensity Tc = concentration time", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 322, "top": 327, "width": 215, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Result of rain intensity calculation", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 322, "top": 429, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Calculation Results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 456, "width": 199, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Plan channel discharge (Q_Hydroligi)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 470, "width": 219, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Planned channel discharge can be calculated by the formula Q = 0.278 x C x I x A Where :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 524, "width": 218, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Q = Peak discharge of surface runoff (m³/sec) C = Flow rate A = Area of catchment area (Km²) I = Rainfall intensity (mm/hour)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 605, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 9 . Calculation results of planned channel discharge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 102, "width": 98, "height": 5, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Period (T) Log X Mark (KT)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 84, "top": 102, "width": 201, "height": 491, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sd log x Log Xt Antilog Xt (mm) 2 2,13 -0,044264764 0,17 2,12 133,33 5 2,13 0,826024201 0,17 2,27 187,75 10 2,13 1,306301065 0,17 2,36 226,80 25 2,13 1,838541628 0,17 2,45 279,61 50 2,13 2,193456924 0,17 2,51 321,51 100 2,13 2,519709588 0,17 2,56 365,53 200 2,13 2,824624884 0,17 2,62 412,11 No Region Wide (A) km2 Koef. Run off Koef. Run off 1 Road 0,0212 0,95 0,02014 2 Housing area 0,288247 0,75 0,21618525 Total 0,309447 0,23632525", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 332, "top": 359, "width": 196, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Return period (T) design rainfall (R) concentration time (Tc) rainfall intensity (I) year mm hr mm/hr 2 133,33 0,26 112,84 5 187,75 0,26 158,90 10 226,80 0,26 191,94 25 279,61 0,26 236,64 50 321,51 0,26 272,09 100 365,53 0,26 309,35 200 412,11 0,26 348,77", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 645, "width": 82, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Return period (T) Run off coefficient (c)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 338, "top": 645, "width": 198, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Area (A) rainfall intensity (I) Discharge (Q) year km2 mm/hr m3/sec 2 0,76 0,31 112,84 7,41 5 0,76 0,31 158,90 10,44 10 0,76 0,31 191,94 12,61 25 0,76 0,31 236,64 15,55 50 0,76 0,31 272,09 17,88 100 0,76 0,31 309,35 20,32 200 0,76 0,31 348,77 22,91", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "46 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Existing Channel Discharge (QHydraulics)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 139, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hydraulic analysis aims to determine the ability of the cross section to accommodate the design discharge. Existing Channel Hydraulics Analysis (Qs) The construction of the Tiong canal wall is made of split stone masonry, according to table 2.9, the value of the Manning coefficient is 0.012. The following is the calculation of the existing channel discharge at each channel point, namely point 0 to point 580", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 10. Calculation of the cross-sectional area and wet circumference of the channel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To determine whether or not it overflows, that is by matching the calculation results of the existing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 572, "width": 113, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "channel discharge", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 585, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Qhydrologics) with the planned channel discharge (Qhidrology), which is equal to 12.61 m³/sec.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 639, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 11 . Calculation of the cross-sectional area and wet circumference of the channel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 241, "width": 126, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ". Analysis using HEC RAS", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 94, "top": 356, "width": 447, "height": 172, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 12. Overall Station Hydraulic Analysis Results Point channel height (h) channel width (b) A P (b.h) (b+2.h) 0+00 1,60 1,50 2,40 4,70 0+025 1,65 1,45 2,39 4,75 0+050 1,55 1,40 2,17 4,50 0+075 1,60 1,50 2,40 4,70 0+100 1,50 1,50 2,25 4,50 0+125 1,85 1,25 2,31 4,95 0+150 1,61 1,45 2,33 4,67 0+175 1,20 1,55 1,86 3,95 0+200 1,25 1,65 2,06 4,15 0+225 1,40 1,55 2,17 4,35 0+250 1,50 1,40 2,10 4,40 0+275 1,55 1,50 2,33 4,60 0+300 1,60 1,45 2,32 4,65 0+325 1,60 1,50 2,40 4,70 0+350 1,50 1,50 2,25 4,50 0+375 2,00 1,80 3,60 5,80 0+400 2,00 1,90 3,80 5,90 0+425 2,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 0+450 2,00 2,20 4,40 6,20", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 498, "width": 164, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+475 2,20 2,50 5,50 6,90 0+500 2,20 2,50 5,50 6,90 0+525 2,30 3,00 6,90 7,60 0+550 2,40 3,00 7,20 7,80 0+575 2,50 3,00 7,50 8,00", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 85, "width": 427, "height": 453, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+580 2,50 3,00 7,50 8,00 Point No cross- sectional area wet around hydraulic spokes koef manning s flow speed Channel discharge Debit plan 25 year A P R n V (m/det) Q hidrolika (m³/det) Q hidologi (m/det) m² (m) (m) 0+00 0 2,40 4,70 0,51 0,012 0,0095 5,184 12,44 overflow 0+025 1 2,39 4,75 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,137 12,29 overflow 0+050 2 2,17 4,50 0,48 0,012 0,0095 4,990 10,83 overflow 0+075 3 2,40 4,70 0,51 0,012 0,0095 5,184 12,44 overflow 0+100 4 2,25 4,50 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,112 11,50 overflow 0+125 5 2,31 4,95 0,47 0,012 0,0095 4,886 11,30 overflow 0+150 6 2,33 4,67 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,111 11,93 overflow 0+175 7 1,86 3,95 0,47 0,012 0,0095 4,912 9,14 overflow 0+200 8 2,06 4,15 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,092 10,50 overflow 0+225 9 2,17 4,35 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,104 11,08 overflow 0+250 10 2,10 4,40 0,48 0,012 0,0095 4,956 10,41 overflow 0+275 11 2,33 4,60 0,51 0,012 0,0095 5,149 11,97 overflow 0+300 12 2,32 4,65 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,105 11,84 overflow 0+325 13 2,40 4,70 0,51 0,012 0,0095 5,184 12,44 overflow 0+350 14 2,25 4,50 0,50 0,012 0,0095 5,112 11,50 overflow 0+375 15 3,60 5,80 0,62 0,012 0,0095 5,905 21,26 Not Overflow 0+400 16 3,80 5,90 0,64 0,012 0,0095 6,052 23,00 Not Overflow 0+425 17 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+450 18 4,40 6,20 0,71 0,012 0,0095 6,456 28,41 Not Overflow 0+475 19 5,50 6,90 0,80 0,012 0,0095 6,976 38,37 Not Overflow 0+500 20 5,50 6,90 0,80 0,012 0,0095 6,976 38,37 Not Overflow 0+525 21 6,90 7,60 0,91 0,012 0,0095 7,609 52,50 Not Overflow 0+550 22 7,20 7,80 0,92 0,012 0,0095 7,693 55,39 Not Overflow 0+575 23 7,50 8,00 0,94 0,012 0,0095 7,773 58,30 Not Overflow 0+580 24 7,50 8,00 0,94 0,012 0,0095 7,773 58,30 Not Overflow", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 329, "top": 349, "width": 238, "height": 308, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upstream Point T 0 The channel is unable to accommodate the planned discharge. The T375 Channel point is capable of accommodating the planned discharge. Output long cross section The T 580 Channel Downstream Point is able to accommodate the planned discharge. Reach River Sta Profile Q Total Min Ch El W.S. Elev Crit W.S. E.G. Elev E.G. Slope Vel Chnl Flow Area Top Width Froude # Chl (m3/s) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m/m) (m/s) (m2) (m) Tiong 580 Q 10 12,61 14 15,93 15,93 16,9 0,006247 4,37 2,89 1,5 1 Tiong 555,83* Q 10 12,61 13,6 15,57 15,57 16,56 0,00655 4,42 2,86 1,45 1 Tiong 531,67* Q 10 12,61 13,25 15,27 15,27 16,28 0,00688 4,47 2,82 1,4 1 Tiong 507,50* Q 10 12,61 12,71 14,64 14,64 15,61 0,006247 4,37 2,89 1,5 1 Tiong 483,33* Q 10 12,61 12,46 14,39 14,39 15,36 0,006244 4,37 2,89 1,5 1 Tiong 459,17* Q 10 12,61 11,8 13,98 13,98 15,07 0,008078 4,63 2,72 1,25 1 Tiong 435,00* Q 10 12,61 11,46 13,43 13,43 14,42 0,006545 4,41 2,86 1,45 1 Tiong 410,83* Q 10 12,61 11,21 13,1 13,1 14,04 0,005941 4,31 2,93 1,55 1 Tiong 386,67* Q 10 12,61 10,91 12,72 12,72 13,63 0,005457 4,22 2,99 1,65 1 Tiong 362,50* Q 10 12,61 10,57 12,69 13,44 0,004492 3,83 3,29 1,55 0,84 Tiong 338,33* Q 10 12,61 10,25 12,27 12,27 13,28 0,006849 4,46 2,83 1,4 1 Tiong 314,17* Q 10 12,61 9,9 12,01 11,83 12,82 0,005018 3,98 3,17 1,5 0,87 Tiong 290,00* Q 10 12,61 9,67 11,93 12,69 0,004736 3,85 3,28 1,45 0,82 Tiong 265,83* Q 10 12,61 9,45 11,97 12,53 0,003344 3,34 3,77 1,5 0,67 Tiong 241,67* Q 10 12,61 9,49 11,42 11,42 12,39 0,006244 4,37 2,89 1,5 1 Tiong 217,50* Q 10 12,61 8,95 10,66 10,66 11,52 0,004887 4,1 3,08 1,8 1 Tiong 193,33* Q 10 12,61 8,9 10,55 10,55 11,37 0,004578 4,02 3,13 1,9 1 Tiong 169,17* Q 10 12,61 8,83 10,42 10,42 11,22 0,004314 3,96 3,19 2 1 Tiong 145,00* Q 10 12,61 8,78 10,27 10,27 11,02 0,003911 3,84 3,28 2,2 1 Tiong 120,83* Q 10 12,61 8,55 9,92 9,92 10,61 0,003443 3,68 3,42 2,5 1 Tiong 96,67* Q 10 12,61 8,45 9,82 9,82 10,51 0,003441 3,68 3,42 2,5 1 Tiong 72,50* Q 10 12,61 8,3 9,51 9,51 10,13 0,002946 3,47 3,64 3 1 Tiong 48,33* Q 10 12,61 8,17 9,39 9,38 10 0,002875 3,43 3,67 3 0,99 Tiong 24,17* Q 10 12,61 8,05 9,42 9,26 9,9 0,002127 3,07 4,1 3 0,84 Tiong 0 Q 10 12,61 8 9,21 9,21 9,83 0,002947 3,47 3,64 3 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "47 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 182, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 13. Dimension Enlargement", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 219, "height": 205, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 14. Channel calculation after normalization. Analysis using HEC RAS After", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 523, "width": 76, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normalization", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 322, "top": 101, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. CUNCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 118, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The conclusions from the research that has been done are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 151, "width": 217, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Puddles or floods occur at point 0 – point 350 or 350 meters long.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 178, "width": 219, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Handling flooding in the canal at point 0 – point 350, namely by: widening and elevating the canal from the existing condition of 1.5 m x 1.5 m, to 2 m x 2 m.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 232, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Increasing the role of the community to love the environment by not throwing garbage into rivers or canals.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 278, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Drain the canal where there is sedimentation and garbage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 325, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 322, "top": 341, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Arsyad, S. 2006. Soil and Water Conservation. Bogor. IPB Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 371, "width": 219, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Farizi. D. 2015. Analysis and Evaluation of Drainage Channels in the Talang Kelapa Housing Area in the Lambidaro Subdas, Palembang City, Sriwijaya University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 442, "width": 218, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Hardiharjaja. 1997. Irrigation and Waterworks. Jakarta. Gunadarma", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 475, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Hardiyatmo, H.C. 2008. Foundation Engineering 2. Yogyakarta: Beta Offset.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 518, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Hindarko, S. 2000. Urban Drainage. Second Edition. ITB Publisher. Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 561, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Jayadi, R. 2000. Introduction to Hydrology. Gadjah Mada University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 591, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Online Data Center Database-BMKG (https://www.dataonline.bmkg.go.id)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 621, "width": 219, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Regulation of the Minister of Public Works. 2014. Candy. PU No. 12 of 2014 concerning Implementation of Urban Drainage Systems. Jakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 675, "width": 219, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] SNI 03-2415-2016. 2016. Procedure for Calculation of Planned Flood Discharge. Jakarta [10] Soemarto, CD. 1987. Engineering Hydrology. Erlangga Publisher. Jakarta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 112, "width": 142, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Point Existing channel after normalization Channel height Channel width Channel height Channel width", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 107, "top": 132, "width": 139, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+00 1,60 1,50 2,00 2,00 0+025 1,65 1,45 2,00 2,00 0+050 1,55 1,40 2,00 2,00 0+075 1,60 1,50 2,00 2,00", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 107, "top": 159, "width": 139, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+100 1,50 1,50 2,00 2,00 0+125 1,85 1,25 2,00 2,00 0+150 1,61 1,45 2,00 2,00", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 107, "top": 179, "width": 139, "height": 6, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+175 1,20 1,55 2,00 2,00", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 76, "top": 185, "width": 204, "height": 305, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0+200 1,25 1,65 2,00 2,00 0+225 1,40 1,55 2,00 2,00 0+250 1,50 1,40 2,00 2,00 0+275 1,55 1,50 2,00 2,00 0+300 1,60 1,45 2,00 2,00 0+325 1,60 1,50 2,00 2,00 0+350 1,50 1,50 2,00 2,00 0+375 2,00 1,80 2,00 2,00 0+400 2,00 1,90 2,00 2,00 0+425 2,00 2,00 2,00 2,00 0+450 2,00 2,20 2,00 2,20 0+475 2,20 2,50 2,20 2,50 0+500 2,20 2,50 2,20 2,50 0+525 2,30 3,00 2,30 3,00 0+550 2,40 3,00 2,40 3,00 0+575 2,50 3,00 2,50 3,00 0+580 2,50 3,00 2,50 3,00 Point No cross- sectional area wet around hydraulic spokes koef manning s flow speed Channel discharge Debit plan 25 year A P R n V (m/det) Q hidrolika (m³/det) Q hidologi (m/det) m² (m) (m) 0+00 0 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+025 1 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+050 2 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+075 3 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+100 4 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+125 5 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+150 6 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+175 7 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+200 8 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+225 9 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+250 10 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+275 11 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+300 12 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+325 13 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+350 14 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+375 15 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+400 16 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+425 17 4,00 6,00 0,67 0,012 0,0095 6,193 24,77 Not Overflow 0+450 18 4,40 6,20 0,71 0,012 0,0095 6,456 24,77 Not Overflow 0+475 19 5,50 6,90 0,80 0,012 0,0095 6,976 24,77 Not Overflow 0+500 20 5,50 6,90 0,80 0,012 0,0095 6,976 28,41 Not Overflow 0+525 21 6,90 7,60 0,91 0,012 0,0095 7,609 38,37 Not Overflow 0+550 22 7,20 7,80 0,92 0,012 0,0095 7,693 38,37 Not Overflow 0+575 23 7,50 8,00 0,94 0,012 0,0095 7,773 52,50 Not Overflow 0+580 24 7,50 8,00 0,94 0,012 0,0095 7,773 55,39 Not Overflow", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 78, "top": 630, "width": 203, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upstream Point T 0 Channel is able to accommodate the planned discharge. The T375 Channel point is capable of accommodating the planned discharge. Output long cross section The T 580 Channel Downstream Point is able to accommodate the planned discharge.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 483, "top": 795, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "48 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Soeyono, S. 2003. Hydrology for irrigation. Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 112, "width": 219, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Suripin. 2004. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. Publisher Andi. Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 219, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Triatmodjo, B. 2008. Applied Hydrology. Yogyakarta: Beta Offset.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 185, "width": 218, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Wahyudi, D. 2017. Final Project for", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 199, "width": 190, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normalization Planning for the Downstream", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 186, "top": 212, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deluwang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 258, "top": 212, "width": 31, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "River,", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 226, "width": 190, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Situbondo Regency, Surabaya Institute of Technology.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 253, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Wesley. 2008. Urban Drainage. Yogyakarta: Science Graha. [15]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 219, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Wicaksono, B, et al. 2010. Performance Analysis of Drainage Systems for Flood and Inundation Management Based on Water Conservation in Bojonegoro", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 218, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "District, Bojonegoro Regency. Brawijaya University. .", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 448, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Civil Engineering and Infrastructure (IJCEI) | Volume 3 Number 2 | [mohammad_october] 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 468, "top": 795, "width": 53, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "49 | I J C E I", "type": "Page footer" } ]

[ { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 96, "width": 362, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA DENGAN PBL MENGGUNAKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 111, "width": 289, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PROBLEM SOLVING DAN PROBLEM POSING DITINJAU DARI KREATIVITAS DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 211, "top": 180, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nunung Nurlaila 1 , Suparmi 2 , Widha Sunarno 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 202, "width": 386, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Sains Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 234, "width": 365, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Sains Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 267, "width": 365, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Sains Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 303, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 326, "width": 430, "height": 214, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran problem solving dan problem posing , kreativitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan interaksinya terhadap prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain faktorial 2x2x2. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 6 Madiun tahun pelajaran 2012-2013. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik cluster random sampling terdiri dari 2 kelas XI IPA 2 dan XI IPA3. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes untuk prestasi belajar kognitif, angket untuk mengukur kreativitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis, prestasi belajar afektif dan prestasi belajar psikomotor. Data dianalisis menggunakan anava tiga jalan dengan SPSS 18. Dari analisis data disimpulkan bahwa: (1) pembelajaran PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif dan psikomotorik, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi pada aspek afektif, (2) kreativitas berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, (3) keterampilan berpikir kritis berpengaruh terhadap prestasi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik, (4) ada interaksi antara pembelajaran PBL problem solving dan PBL problem posing dengan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek afektif, tetapi tidak ada interaksi pada aspek kognitif dan psikomotorik, (5) ada interaksi antara pembelajaran PBL problem solving dan PBL problem posing dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif, tetapi tidak ada interaksi pada aspek afektif dan psikomotorik, (6) ada interaksi antara kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan afektif, tetapi tidak ada interaksi pada aspek psikomotorik, (7) ada interaksi antara antara pembelajaran PBL problem solving dan PBL problem posing , kreativitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar pada aspek psikomotorik, tetapi tidak ada interaksi pada aspek kognitif dan afektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 553, "width": 429, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: PBL Problem Solving, PBL Problem Posing, Kreativitas, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis, Listrik Dinamik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 599, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 622, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembangunan Nasional di bidang pengembangan sumber daya manusia Indonesia yang berkualitas melalui pendidikan merupakan upaya yang sungguh-sungguh dan terus-menerus dilakukan untuk mewujudkan manusia Indonesia seutuhnya. Sumber daya yang berkualitas akan menentukan mutu kehidupan pribadi, masyarakat, dan bangsa dalam rangka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 598, "width": 209, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mengantisipasi, mengatasi persoalan-persoalan, dan tantangan-tantangan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat pada masa kini dan masa depan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 634, "width": 212, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mewujudkan maksud di atas bukan hal yang mudah dan sederhana, dan tidak dapat dicapai dalam waktu singkat. Hal itu memerlukan dukungan seluruh komponen bangsa dan usaha yang direncanakan secara matang, berkelanjutan, serta berlangsung seumur hidup. Untuk menciptakan manusia Indonesia yang utuh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "115", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan berkualitas melalui pendidikan dibutuhkan seperangkat prasarana dan sarana pendukung yang memadai. Dalam sistem pendidikan, kurikulum merupakan komponen esensial dan utama yang perlu mendapat perhatian dari berbagai pihak, seperti pemerintah, pengembang kurikulum, dan para guru sebagai ujung tombak pelaksanaan kurikulum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 190, "width": 212, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh bangsa Indonesia adalah rendahnya mutu pendidikan, jika tahun 2010 pendidikan Indonesia berada pada urutan 65, tahun 2011 merosot di peringkat 69 dari 127 negara. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan nasional, antara lain melalui berbagai pelatihan dan peningkatan kualitas guru, penyempurnaan kurikulum, pengadaan buku dan alat pelajaran, perbaikan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, dan peningkatan mutu manajemen sekolah, namun demikian, berbagai indikator mutu pendidikan belum menunjukkan peningkatan yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 356, "width": 210, "height": 152, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan di Indonesia tidak pernah berhenti. Berbagai terobosan baru terus dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui Depdiknas. Upaya itu antara lain dalam pengelolaan sekolah, peningkatan sumber daya tenaga pendidikan, pengembangan/penulisan materi ajar, serta pengembangan paradigma baru dengan metodologi pembelajaran. Pembaharuan pendidikan juga harus terus selalu dilakukan agar tercipta dunia pendidikan yang selalu dapat mengikuti perkembangan jaman. Di dalam Undang-undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional (UUSPN) No. 20 tahun 2003 disebutkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 511, "width": 196, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan adalah usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar siswa secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang di perlukan dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 618, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Standar kompetensi mata pelajaran fisika pada sekolah menengah atas adalah: melakukan percobaan, antara lain merumuskan masalah, mengajukan dan menguji hipotesis, menentukan variabel, merancang dan merakit instrumen, mengumpulkan, mengolah dan menafsirkan data, menarik kesimpulan, serta mengkomunikasikan hasil percobaan secara lisan dan tertulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Memahami prinsip-prinsip pengukuran dan melakukan pengukuran besaran fisika secara langsung dan tidak langsung secara cermat, teliti, dan obyektif. Menganalisis gejala alam dan keteraturannya dalam cakupan mekanika benda titik, kekekalan energi, impuls, dan momentum. Mendeskripsikan prinsip dan konsep konservasi kalor sifat gas ideal, fluida dan perubahannya yang menyangkut hukum termodinamika serta penerapannya dalam mesin kalor. Menerapkan konsep dan prinsip optik dan gelombang dalam berbagai penyelesaian masalah dan produk teknologi. Menerapkan konsep dan prinsip kelistrikan dan kemagnetan dalam berbagai masalah dan produk teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 273, "width": 210, "height": 199, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sesuai dengan tujuan Pendidikan Nasional dan Standar kompetensi mata pelajaran fisika maka pembelajaran fisika dengan melibatkan siswa secara aktif, melatih siswa menyelesaikan suatu masalah, dan memilih metode yang sesuai dengan karakter materi mata pelajaran sangat diperlukan. Mengajar bukan semata persoalan menceritakan. Belajar bukanlah konsekuensi otomatis dari perenungan informasi ke dalam benak siswa. Belajar memerlukan keterlibatan mental dan kerja siswa sendiri. Penjelasan dan pemeragaan semata tidak akan dapat melatih siswa berpikir kritis. Pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis, diantaranya adalah pembelajaran dengan inkuiri, learning cycle, discovery, berbasis masalah dan lain-lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 475, "width": 209, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SMAN 6 Madiun adalah salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Madiun yang lokasinya di sentral pendidikan Kota Madiun. Sekolah ini menjadi pilihan masyarakat Madiun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 511, "width": 212, "height": 151, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "karena perkembangan baik akademik maupun non akademik cukup pesat, ditandai dengan seringnya mendapat kejuaraan baik di bidang akademik maupun non akademik. Di dalam pengelolaan sekolah, motivasi pengembangan pendidikan cukup tinggi, dengan terus ditambahnya buku- buku referensi perpustakaan, alat-alat laboratorium dan semua sarana prasarana sekolah untuk mendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran. Difasilitasi pula dengan area bebas internet, agar siswa mudah mengakses untuk mendapatkan informasi melalui teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 665, "width": 209, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Siswa SMAN 6 Madiun dibimbing oleh guru-guru yang sudah 40 % berlatar belakang pendidikan S-2 dan selalu diikutkan dalam kegiatan diklat/workshop untuk mendapatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "116", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 212, "height": 139, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembaharuan dalam pendidikan. Input siswa cukup tinggi dengan nilai NUN terendah tahun pelajaran 2012-2013 adalah 8,25. Motivasi belajar siswa cukup tinggi, 80% lulusan SMA N 6 melanjutkan ke Perguruan Tinggi dan 40 % di terima di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Motivasi siswa untuk mengikuti tambahan belajar cukup, lima puluh persen mengikuti tambahan belajar diluar kegiatan intrakurikuler, motivasi siswa dalam menambah informasi melalui internet cukup tinggi lebih dari 75 % siswa mengumpulkan tugas dari internet tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 237, "width": 212, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Siswa SMA 6 Madiun cukup aktif, dari hasil wawancara 80 % siswa menjawab senang jika pembelajaran dilakukan dengan melibatkan secara aktif siswa, dan 60 % siswa menjawab bosan jika diberi pembelajaran hanya dengan ceramah. Lima puluh persen siswa menganggap pelajaran fisika sulit sehingga kurang antusias dalam pembelajaran fisika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 333, "width": 209, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan di SMA N 6 Madiun terus dilakukan, khususnya dalam pembelajaran fisika diantaranya dengan terus menambahnya buku referensi perputakaan, alat-alat laboratorium fisika, namum belum semua dimanfaatkan secara maksimal oleh guru. Meskipun difasilitasi dengan area bebas internet belum semua guru memanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pembelajaran fisika banyak metode yang dapat digunakan diantaranya: ceramah, diskusi, demontrasi, eksperimen, proyek, inkuiri, berbasis masalah dll, namun belum semua guru menerapkan metode yang sesuai dengan karakter materi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 499, "width": 209, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akibatnya hasil yang diperoleh belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Tabel 1 adalah tabel nilai rata-rata pelajaran fisika semester 1 tiga tahun terakhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 558, "width": 195, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Data Nilai Rata-rata Pelajaran Fisika Semester I Kelas XI IPA Tiga Tahun Terakhir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 590, "width": 149, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahun Pelajaran Nilai Rata- rata KKM 2009-2020 75,20 75 2010-2011 75,35 75 201I-2012 75,40 75", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 652, "width": 212, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Meskipun dari data di atas menunjukkan nilai rata-rata telah mancapai Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM), namun masih ada beberapa siswa yang nilainya belum memenuhi KKM dan pembelajaran cenderung di orientasikan pada prestasi belajar kognitif siswa saja sementara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "aspek afektif dan psikomotor belum diperhatikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 119, "width": 209, "height": 103, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Karakteristik mata pelajaran fisika ada yang sulit dan ada yang mudah, ada yang konkrit dan ada yang abstrak, sehingga tidak semua materi dapat dipahami oleh siswa yang hanya dengan membaca, mendengar dan memperagakan. Pembelajaran fisika, dengan siswa membangun sendiri konsep-konsep melalui pengalaman yang dilakukan sendiri agar konsep lebih kuat dalam ingatan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 225, "width": 210, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Proses pembelajaran fisika menekankan pada pemberian pengalaman langsung untuk mengembangkan kompetensi agar siswa menjelajahi dan memahami alam sekitar secara ilmiah. Pendidikan fisika yang merupakan cabang dari Pendidikan IPA diarahkan untuk mencari tahu dan berbuat sehingga dapat membantu siswa untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang alam sekitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 333, "width": 209, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sesuai dengan perkembangannya, fisika tidak hanya sekumpulan fakta, prinsip, maupun hukum-hukum, tetapi juga terkandung pengembangan metode ilmiah dan sikap ilmiah. Dengan kata lain fisika meliputi 2 hal, yakni (1) produk fisika berupa fakta, konsep, prinsip, hukum, teori, model, dan sebagainya; serta (2) proses fisika berupa metode ilmiah dan sikap ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 440, "width": 209, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Siswa yang sedang mempelajari fisika akan menyadari dan menemukan adanya berbagai gejala dan masing-masing gejala mengandung problem-problem yang perlu dipecahkan. Kesadaran tentang sulitnya proses menemukan suatu konsep, prinsip, pengertian, dan cara memecahkan suatu problem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 523, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembelajaran berbasis masalah ( Problem Based Learning ) adalah kegiatan pembelajaran yang melibatkan secara maksimal seluruh kemampuan siswa untuk mencari dan menyelidiki sesuatu secara sistematis, kritis, logis, analitis sehingga mereka dapat merumuskan sendiri dengan penuh percaya diri. Kelebihan dari metode berbasis masalah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 618, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menurut Saiful dan Aswan (2006; 92) antara lain: melatih siswa mendesaian suatu penemuan, melatih siswa berpikir dan bertindak kreatif, melatih siswa memecahkan masalah yang di hadapi secara realitis, melatih siswa mengidentifikasi dan melakukan penyelidikan, melatih siswa menafsirkan dan mengevaluasi hasil pengamatan, merangsang perkembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "117", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kemajuan berpikir siswa untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang dihadapi dengan cepat, membuat pendidikan sekolah lebih relevan dengan kehidupan, khususnya dunia kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 142, "width": 212, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan kelemahannya antara lain: menentukan masalah yang tingkat kesulitannya sesuai dengan tingkat kesulitan siswa sangat diperlukan keterampilan guru, pembelajaran menggunakan metode ini memerlukan waktu yang cukup panjang, mengubah kebiasaan siswa dalam belajar yang membutuhkan banyak berpikir memecahkan permasalahan sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 237, "width": 210, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembelajaran dengan berbasis masalah diantaranya adalah dengan eksperimen, proyek, diskusi, problem solving , problem posing, dll. Pembelajaran dengan problem solving / pemecahan masalah adalah suatu kegiatan yang didesain oleh guru dalam rangka memberi tantangan kepada siswa melalui penugasan atau pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan materi yang di berikan sedang siswa memdesain sendiri cara pemecahannya. Fungsi guru dalam kegiatan itu adalah memotivasi siswa agar mau menerima tantangan dan membimbing siswa dalam proses pemecahannya. Masalah yang diberikan harus masalah yang pemecahannya terjangkau oleh kemampuan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 416, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 416, "width": 212, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembelajaran dengan problem posing adalah suatu pembelajaran dengan cara siswa diminta untuk merumuskan, membentuk dan mengajukan pertanyaan atau soal dari situsi yang disediakan, situasi dapat berupa gambar, cerita, atau informasi lain yang berkaitan dengan materi pelajaran, dan selanjutnya siswa sendiri yang harus mendesain cara penyelesaiannya. Fungsi guru dalam kegiatan itu adalah memotivasi siswa agar mau menerima tantangan dan membimbing siswa dalam proses pemecahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 559, "width": 210, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Problem solving dan problem posing mendasarkan proses pembelajarannya kepada masalah dalam pembelajaran fisika. Pada problem solving , guru mengorientasikan siswa pada suatu permasalahan fisika. Kemudian siswa menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut secara berkelompok melalui percobaan dan pengamatan. Pada problem posing siswa mengajukan masalah untuk dipelajari lebih lanjut sehingga siswa mampu memodifikasi masalah yang diajukan untuk diselesaikan dan dikomunikasikan. Selanjutnya siswa merancang suatu alat sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hasil pemecahan masalah yang diamati untuk dikomunikasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 119, "width": 210, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Persamaan dari kedua pembelajaran tersebut adalah pada metodenya yaitu berbasis masalah dan perbedaannya adalah pada problem solving ”masalah” diberikan oleh guru sedangkan problem posing ” masalah” diajukan oleh siswa, keduanya penyelesaian didesain oleh siswa sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 202, "width": 209, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kreativitas adalah kemampuan dalam menggunakan pikiran (cognitive) untuk menemukan sesuatu yang baru dan memecahkan masalah dengan cara-cara yang berbeda dari yang sudah ada. Kreativitas menuntun pada penemuan tingkat ilmiah, gerakan baru pada bidang seni, penciptaan baru, dan program-program baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 285, "width": 209, "height": 152, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kreativitas mengandung unsur-unsur: (a) kemampuan membuat modifikasi dari sesuatu yang baru dan asli yang sudah ada; (b) merupakan proses mental yang unik untuk memproduksi sesuatu yang baru, berbeda, dan asli serta menekankan pada proses, bukan produk. Kemampuan-kemampuan ini jelas tidak dimiliki oleh semua orang melainkan hanya orang-orang tertentu yang dikatakan kreatif. Kreativitas merupakan suatu proses, aktivitas, dan modifikasi yang baru, sehingga dapat mendatangkan hasil yang berguna dan dapat dimengerti maknanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 440, "width": 209, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari uraian diatas menunjukkan bahwa tidak semua siswa mempunyai faktor internal tingkat kreativitas yang sama, sehingga di dalam pembelajaran perlu diperhatikan faktor internal siswa, dalam hal ini tingkat kreativitas siswa. Dalam menentukan metode pembelajaran guru perlu memperhatikan faktor internal kreativitas yang selama ini belum diperhatikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 535, "width": 212, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterampilan berpikir kritis adalah keterampilan individu dalam menggunakan proses berpikirnya untuk menganalisa argumen dan memberikan interpretasi berdasakan persepsi yang benar dan rasional, analisis asumsi dan bias dari argumen, dan interpretasi logis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 606, "width": 209, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Ennis dalam Hassoubah (2007), berpikir kritis adalah berpikir secara beralasan dan reflektif dengan menekankan pembuatan keputusan tentang sesuatu yang harus dipercayai atau dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 665, "width": 209, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berpikir kritis merupakan faktor internal yang masing-masing siswa memiliki tingkat berpikir kritis yang berbeda-beda. Hal ini juga perlu diperhatikan oleh guru dalam menentukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "118", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "metode pembelajaran yang digunakan. Namun belum semua guru dalam menentukan metode pembelajaran memperhatikan faktor internal berpikir kritis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 142, "width": 209, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prestasi belajar secara umum terdiri dari tiga aspek, yaitu aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Aspek prestasi belajar menurut taksonomi Bloom terdiri dari ingatan, pemahaman, aplikasi, analisis, sintesis dan evaluasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 213, "width": 212, "height": 152, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kreativitas sangat diperlukan dalam belajar listrik dinamik, karena dalam belajar listrik dinamik selain memahami konsep juga harus kreatif dalam menyusun rangkaian listrik. Demikian pula keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa, merupakan keterampilan yang harus dikembangkan setiap siswa untuk memecahkan masalah yang lebih kompleks yang akan di temuinya kelak dan mampu mengembangkan dalam aplikasi kehidupan sehari hari. Namun kedua variabel tersebut selama ini belum diperhatikan oleh guru dalam pembelajaran fisika di SMAN 6 Madiun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 368, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasar uraian mengenai problem solving dan problem posing tersebut dan dengan memperhatikan faktor internal siswa yaitu kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis, di duga siswa yang kreativitasnya tinggi akan memperoleh prestasi belajar yang tinggi jika diberikan pembelajaran dengan problem solving , dan siswa yang keterampilan berpikirnya tinggi akan memperoleh prestasi belajar yang tinggi jika diberikan pembelajaran dengan problem posing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 487, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (2) pengaruh kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (3) pengaruh keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (4) interaksi antara pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 582, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing dengan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (5) interaksi antara pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (6) interaksi antara kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kriris terhadap prestasi belajar siswa, (7) interaksi antara pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "posing dengan kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kriris terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 131, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 142, "width": 210, "height": 140, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 6 Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2012-2013 yang beralamat di Jalan Suhud Nosingo No 1, Kecamatan Taman, Kota Madiun, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Adapun waktu pelaksanaan penelitian ini mulai dari penyusunan proposal hingga pembuatan laporan penelitian dimulai bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Desember tahun 2012. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen I diajar dengan PBL problem solving dan kelompok eksperimen II dengan PBL problem posing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 285, "width": 210, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rancangan penelitian dalam penelitian ini disusun sesuai dengan variabel-variabel yang terlibat. Variabel-variabel yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini merupakan cerminan dari data-data yang akan diperoleh setelah perlakuan terhadap sampel penelitian yang dilakukan. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji anava.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 368, "width": 32, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Teknik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 368, "width": 209, "height": 211, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling . Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 2 kelas, yaitu kelas XI IPA 2 sebagai kelas eksperimen pertama dengan PBL problem solving dan kelas XI IPA 3 sebagai kelas eksperimen kedua dengan PBL problem posing. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan: (1) metode tes untuk mengetahui prestasi belajar dalam ranah kognitif, (2) metode angket digunakan untuk mengetahui kreativitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa, dan prestasi belajar afektif, (3) metode observasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kumpulan data dari aktivitas belajar siswa pada saat melakukan kegiatan praktikum dan untuk pengamatan perilaku penilaian prestasi belajar ranah psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 582, "width": 210, "height": 128, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Instrumen pelaksanaan penelitian dalam penelitian ini berupa silabus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS). Instrumen pengambilan data digunakan tes, angket dan observasi. Tes digunakan untuk mengukur prestasi belajar kognitif siswa. Angket digunakan untuk mengukur kreativitas, keterampilan berpikir kritis, dan prestasi belajar afektif. Observasi untuk mengukur prestasi belajar ranah psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "119", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 212, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji normalitas data menggunakan Kolmogorov Smirnov yang terdapat pada software SPSS 18. Dan uji homogenitas digunakan adalah uji Barlett . Kemudian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 142, "width": 210, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pengujian hipotesis pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji anava dengan bantuan software SPSS 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 190, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Penelitian dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 202, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Deskripsi data untuk kedua kelas eksperimen tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 237, "width": 162, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Rata-rata Prestasi Belajar Berdasarkan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 247, "width": 198, "height": 84, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode PBL Problem Solving dan Problem Posing Metode Prestasi Belajar Kognit if Afektif Psikomotor Problem Solving 74,47 78,56 89,71 Problem Posing 77,71 79,41 91,29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 346, "width": 210, "height": 140, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tabel 2 terlihat perbandingan prestasi belajar pada ranah kognitif PBL problem solving 74,47 dan PBL problem posing 77,71. Pada ranah afektif metode PBL problem solving 78,56 sedangkan PBL problem posing 79,41. Pada ranah psikomotor metode PBL problem solving 89,71 sedangkan PBL problem posing 91,29. Dari ketiga ranah belajar tersebut ternyata siswa yang belajar dengan PBL metode problem posing memperoleh nilai prestasi belajar lebih baik dari pada siswa yang belajar dengan PBL problem solving.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 500, "width": 164, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Rata-rata Prestasi Belajar Berdasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 509, "width": 202, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kreativitas Kreativitas Prestasi Belajar Kognitif Afektif Psikomotor Kreativitas Tinggi 81,12 81,94 92,71 Kreativitas Rendah 71,06 76,03 88,29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 599, "width": 209, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tabel 3 terlihat perbandingan hasil rata-rata prestasi belajar kelompok kreativitas tinggi dan kreativitas rendah. Pada tabel 3 terlihat bahwa rata-rata prestasi belajar pada kelompok kreativitas tinggi memperoleh nilai kognitif 81,12, afektif 81,94 dan psikomotor 92,71. Sedangkan pada kelompok kreativitas rendah mendapatkan nilai kognitif 71,06, afektif 76,03 dan psikomotor 88,29. Pada tabel 3 bisa dikatakan bahwa nilai prestasi belajar dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kelompok kreativitas tinggi lebih baik dari kelompok kreativitas rendah baik dari ranah kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 142, "width": 161, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4. Rata-rata Prestasi Belajar berdasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 151, "width": 100, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 167, "width": 178, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Prestasi Belajar Kognitif Afektif Psikomotor Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Tinggi 82,63 83,41 93,78 Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Rendah 70,28 75,06 87,58", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 247, "width": 212, "height": 175, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tabel 4 terlihat perbandingan hasil rata-rata prestasi belajar kelompok keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi dan keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah. Pada tabel 4 terlihat bahwa rata-rata prestasi belajar pada kelompok keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memperoleh nilai kognitif 82,63, afektif 83,41 dan psikomotor 93,78. Sedangkan pada kelompok keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah mendapatkan nilai kognitif 70,28, afektif 75,06 dan psikomotor 87,58. Pada tabel 4 bisa dikatakan bahwa nilai prestasi belajar dari kelompok keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi lebih baik dari kelompok keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah baik dari ranah kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 425, "width": 209, "height": 263, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah dilakukan uji hipotesis menggunakan anava, dapat dirangkum uji hipotesis penelitian, terlihat pada tabel 5. Tabel 5. Rangkuman Hasil Uji Anava Tiga Jalan untuk Aspek Kognitif, Afektif, Psikomotor No Yang di Uji Prestasi Belajar Kognitif Afektif Psikomotor 1 PBL 0.008 0.199 0.016 2 kreativitas 0.000 0.000 0.001 3 keterampilan_be rpikir_kritis 0.000 0.000 0.000 4 PBL * kreativitas 0.280 0.025 0.514 5 PBL * keterampilan_be rpikir_kritis 0.039 0.051 0.699 6 kreativitas * keterampilan_be rpikir_kritis 0.015 0.008 0.589 7 PBL * kreativitas * keterampilan_be rpikir_kritis 0.722 0.212 0.039", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "120", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 dan kriteria pengujian hipotesis dapat diuraikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 119, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pengaruh metode pembelajaran PBL problem solving dan PBL problem posing terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 154, "width": 210, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hipotesis pertama yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh metode pembelajaran PBL problem solving dan PBL problem posing terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 202, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil analisis secara deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata prestasi belajar kognitif dan psikomotor antara siswa yang diberi pembelajaran metode PBL problem solving dengan siswa yang diberi pembelajaran PBL problem posing . Siswa yang diajar dengan metode PBL problem posing menghasilkan prestasi belajar kognitif dan psikomotor yang lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang diajar dengan metode PBL problem solving.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 321, "width": 210, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara umum, kedua model pembelajaran diatas memberikan hasil positif terhadap prestasi belajar siswa yang ditunjukkan dengan tingginya pencapaian hasil tes prestasi belajar yang diberikan. Adanya kesamaan karakteristik dari kedua model pembelajaran diduga ikut mempengaruhi secara langsung prestasi belajar yang diperoleh siswa. Keterlibatan pembelajaran secara aktif dalam membangun pengetahuan mereka sendiri menjadi poin penting guna mewujudkan proses belajar mandiri sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip yang dikandung dalam model pembelajaran ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 475, "width": 209, "height": 152, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dari temuan tersebut tentunya sejalan dengan hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu antara lain, penelitian dilakukan oleh Murdiana (2009) yang menyimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan problem posing lebih efektif daripada problem solving . Hal ini disebabkan pada pembelajaran dengan pendekatan tersebut tercipta suasana pembelajaran yang lebih kondusif, aktivitas dan kerjasama siswa meningkat. Proses pengajuan masalah memicu siswa untuk lebih aktif dalam belajar yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan penalaran dalam memahami situasi yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 630, "width": 210, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil analisis uji lanjut anava dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan PBL problem posing menghasilkan prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik lebih besar daripada siswa yang diberi pembelajaran dengan PBL problem solving, dinilai sebagai suatu kewajaran mengingat salah satu keunggulan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dimiliki model tersebut adalah membangun atau membentuk masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 119, "width": 205, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Pengaruh antara kreativitas tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 142, "width": 210, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hipotesis kedua adalah ada perbedaan pengaruh antara kreativitas tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar. Hasil analisis secara deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor antara siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi dengan siswa yang memiliki kreativitas rendah. Siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi cenderung menghasilkan prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor yang lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki kreativitas rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 285, "width": 210, "height": 164, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian Oon- Seng Tan, Stefanie Chye, dan Chua-Tee Teo (2009) tentang PBL dan kreativitas. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian pustaka yang dilaksanakan selama 9 tahun (2000-2008) untuk menjelaskan efektivitas PBL dalam mengembangkan kreativitas siswa. Hasil eksplorasi pustaka ini menunjukkan indikasi bahwa meskipun ada sebuah kumpulan tulisan yang mempelajari efek positif PBL , kekakuan akademik dan kualitasnya dipertanyakan. PBL sebagai suatu tambahan dalam sistem pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kreativitas siswa, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk kemajuan pengetahuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 452, "width": 210, "height": 258, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan uji anava diperoleh rerata hasil belajar siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki kreativitas rendah, baik pada ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Prestasi belajar siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi lebih baik dari siswa yeng memiliki kreativitas rendah karena siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi memiliki ciri-ciri antara lain: a) kelancaran berfikir ( fluency of thinking ) yang menggambarkan banyaknya gagasan yang keluar dalam pemikiran seseorang; b) fleksibilitas (keluwesan) yaitu kemampuan untuk menggunakan bermacam- macam pendekatan dalam mengatasi persoalan; c) orisinalitas (keaslian) yaitu kemampuan seseorang untuk mencetuskan gagasan asli; d) elaborasi yaitu kemampuan untuk mengembangkan ide-ide tersebut secara terperinci. Karena siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi memiliki banyak gagasan dan mampu mengembangkan ide-ide dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "121", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mengatasi persoalan baru sehingga kelompok ini tidak kesulitan bila menjumpai kasus yang lebih aplikatif. Dengan demikian siswa yang memiliki kreativitas tinggi akan lebih mudah mengerjakan soal yang bersifat penerapan sehingga prestasi belajarnya lebih baik dari kelompok kreativitas rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 178, "width": 212, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran listrik dinamik dengan PBL problem solving , pada saat guru mengajukan masalah terkait dengan nilai-nilai besaran pada suatu rangkaian listrik, rangkaian harus didesain oleh siswa, terlihat bahwa siswa yang kreativitasnya tinggi mampu mendesain dengan benar lebih dari dua rangkaian. Siswa yang kreativitasnya tinggi lebih banyak bereksperimen untuk variasi rangkaian yang berbeda sehingga lebih banyak kesimpulan/pengetahuan yang mereka peroleh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 309, "width": 212, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Siswa yang mampu melakukan banyak eksperimen dengan benar mendapatkan prestasi belajar yang lebih baik dari pada siswa yang hanya mampu bereksperimen dengan satu rangkaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 368, "width": 212, "height": 188, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Pengaruh antara keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar. Hipotesis ketiga adalah ada perbedaan pengaruh antara keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi dan rendah terhadap prestasi belajar. Hasil analisis secara deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor antara siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi dengan siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah. Siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi cenderung menghasilkan prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor yang lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 559, "width": 209, "height": 151, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebagai salah satu dari aktivitas berpikir tingkat tinggi, berpikir kritis memainkan peranan penting dalam membangun kognisi seseorang. Hal ini karena berpikir kritis sebagai bagian dari sebuah proses aktif, seseorang memikirkan berbagai hal secara mendalam, mengajukan berbagai pertanyaan, menemukan informasi yang relevan daripada hanya menerima informasi secara pasif. Oleh karena itu, seseorang yang mempunyai keterampilan berpikir kritis apabila mempunyai kesulitan dalam belajar akan berpikir cara menyelesaikan masalah-masalah tersebut berdasar fakta yang terjadi. Sehingga suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kewajaran jika siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat menghasilkan prestasi belajar yang tinggi pula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 210, "height": 176, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya yaitu penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tantri Mayasari (2008) yang menyatakan bahwa Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan memperhatikan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Jadi siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis yang tinggi akan dapat memperoleh prestasi belajar yang memuaskan pula, karena seseorang yang memiliki cara berpikir yang baik, dalam arti cara berpikirnya dapat digunakan untuk menghadapi suatu permasalahan baru, akan dapat menemukan pemecahan dalam menghadapi persoalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 309, "width": 210, "height": 318, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran listrik dinamik dengan PBL problem posing, guru menunjukkan dua rangkaian yang kelihatannya sama namun sebenarnya berbeda, ketika guru bertanya kepada siswa mengapa nyala lampu berbeda. Terlihat bahwa siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi mampu menjawab dengan benar. Selanjutnya ketika guru meminta siswa untuk mengajukan masalah terkait dengan obyek yang ditunjukkan oleh guru, terlihat siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi lebih banyak mengajukan masalah dibanding dengan siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah, selanjutnya ketika guru meminta menyelesaikan masalah yang mereka rumuskan, untuk siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi lebih cepat menyelesaikan dibanding siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah. Karena siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi mempunyai kemampuan lebih cepat menangkap obyek dan mengaitkan dengan pengetahuan yang lain sehingga sehingga wajar jika siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memperoleh prestasi belajar yang lebih baik dibanding dengan siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 630, "width": 206, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan PBL (problem solving dan problem posing) dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 677, "width": 210, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan anava tiga jalan tentang interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan PBL (problem solving dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "122", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "problem posing) dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif dan psikomotor, tetapi berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar afektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 154, "width": 213, "height": 247, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan yang menyatakan adanya interaksi antara PBL ( problem solving dan problem posing) dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar afektif bisa dipahami karena model pembelajaran ini berfokus pada proses berpikir yang membangun pemahaman mereka sendiri berdasarkan pengalaman yang mereka tahu. Pengalaman yang siswa dapatkan selama pembelajaran adalah bimbingan guru selama tahapan: 1) guru menyampaikan tujuan pembelajaran, memberi motivasi, menjelaskan topik yang akan dipelajari secara singkat; 2) guru membentuk kelompok siswa secara heterogen antara 5-6 siswa tiap kelompok; 3) tiap kelompok diminta menyusun permasalahan yang sesuai dengan topik yang dibicarakan; 4) guru bersama siswa mengidentifikasi permasalahan- permasalahan yang diajukan oleh tiap-tiap kelompok; 5) permasalahan yang sudah teridentifikasi dikembalikan kepada kelompok untuk dipecahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 392, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "bersama anggota kelompoknya; 6) siswa melakukan eksperimen untuk mendapatkan pemecahan masalah dan guru membimbingnya; 7) tiap-tiap kelompok mempresentasikan hasil pemecahan masalahnya. Kreativitas siswa sangat menentukan keberhasilan proses pembelajaran mulai dari merumuskan masalah, melakukan percobaan dan sampai akhirnya menemukan sendiri konsep yang tercakup di dalam materi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 511, "width": 206, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Interaksi antara metode pembelajaran dengan PBL (problem solving dan problem posing) dan keterampilan berpikir kritis terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 559, "width": 210, "height": 151, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil analisis dapat dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing secara bersama-sama dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek afektif dan psikomotorik. Lebih lanjut dapat dikatakan bahwa siswa yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memberikan prestasi belajar kognitif yang lebih baik jika diajar dengan PBL menggunakan problem posing dibandingkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan siswa yang diajar dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 119, "width": 209, "height": 187, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Interaksi antara keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar. Dari hasil analisis dapat dikatakan bahwa secara bersama-sama interaksi antara variabel kreativitas (tinggi dan rendah) dan variabel keterampilan berpikir kritis (tinggi dan rendah) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan afektif, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek psikomotorik. Lebih lanjut dapat dikatakan bahwa siswa yang memiliki kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memberikan prestasi belajar kognitif dan afektif yang lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 309, "width": 206, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Interaksi antara metode pembelajaran PBL (problem solving dan problem posing), keterampilan berpikir kritis dan kreativitas terhadap prestasi belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 356, "width": 212, "height": 212, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil analisis tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa secara bersama-sama interaksi antara variabel penerapan pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing, variabel kreativitas (tinggi dan rendah) dan variabel keterampilan berpikir kritis (tinggi dan rendah) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek psikomotorik, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan afektif. Lebih lanjut dapat dikatakan bahwa siswa yang memiliki kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi memberikan prestasi belajar psikomotorik yang lebih baik jika diajar dengan PBL menggunakan problem posing dibandingkan siswa yang memiliki kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis rendah yang diajar dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 583, "width": 140, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan dan Rekomendasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 594, "width": 209, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) penggunaan pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing memberikan pengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif dan psikomotorik siswa, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek afektif, (2) kreativitas memberikan pengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik siswa, (3) keterampilan berpikir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 36, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JURNAL INKUIRI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 51, "width": 231, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2252-7893, Vol 2, No 2 2013 (hal 114- 123) http://jurnal.fkip.uns.ac.id/index.php/sains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 724, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "123", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kritis memberikan pengaruh terhadap prestasi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik siswa, (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 119, "width": 210, "height": 353, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembelajaran dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing secara bersama-sama dengan kreativitas memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek afektif, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan psikomotorik, (5) pembelajaran dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing secara bersama-sama dengan keterampilan berpikir kritis memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek afektif dan psikomotorik, (6) secara bersama- sama interaksi antara variabel kreativitas (tinggi dan rendah) dan variabel keterampilan berpikir kritis (tinggi dan rendah) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan afektif, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek psikomotorik, (7) secara bersama-sama interaksi antara variabel penerapan pembelajaran PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing, variabel kreativitas (tinggi dan rendah) dan variabel keterampilan berpikir kritis (tinggi dan rendah) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek psikomotorik, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi prestasi belajar siswa pada aspek kognitif dan afektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 475, "width": 209, "height": 69, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang penerapan pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem solving dan problem posing ditinjau dari kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi pembelajaran listrik dinamik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 547, "width": 210, "height": 151, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Implikasi praktis yang dapat dikemukakan berdasarkan kesimpulan penelitian ini antara lain: (1) pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem posing layak dijadikan alternatif dalam mengembangkan prestasi belajar siswa khususnya materi listrik dinamik, (2) pembelajaran fisika dengan PBL menggunakan problem posing lebih efektif jika dipergunakan pada siswa yang memiliki kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis tinggi, (3) kreativitas dan keterampilan berpikir kritis perlu mendapatkan perhatian guna tercapainya prestasi belajar yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 95, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 118, "width": 210, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hassoubah, Z. I. (2007). Mengasah Pikiran Kreatif dan Kritis: Disertai Ilustrasi dan Latihan. Terjemahan Bambang Suryadi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 161, "width": 209, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Murdiana. (2009). Studi Komparasi Pembelajaran Problem Posing dan Problem Solving Mata Pelajaran Akuntansi di SMA Negeri 4 Pekalongan. Under Graduates. Thesis tidak diterbitkan: Universitas Negeri Semarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 226, "width": 209, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saiful.B dan Zain Aswan. (2006). Strategi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 259, "width": 210, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tantri. M. (2008). Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Instruction (PBI) dan Model Pembelajaran Search Solve Create and Share (SSCS). Tesis tidak diterbitkan: Program Pasca Sarjana UNS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 324, "width": 209, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tan, Oon-Seng. (2009). Problem Based Learning and Creativity. Singapore: Cengange Learning Asia Pte Ltd.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 175, "top": 50, "width": 274, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Available online at https://jurnal.stikesmus.ac.id/index.php/avicenna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 64, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11-19)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 491, "top": 63, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 794, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10.36419/avicenna.v3i1.338", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 116, "width": 350, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "GAMBARAN KADAR KOLESTEROL PADA WANITA LANSIA YANG MENGKONSUMSI TEH HITAM DI PANTI JOMPO AISYIYAH KELURAHAN SUMBER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 170, "width": 218, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati 1,* , Hari Saktiningsih 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 183, "width": 398, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional Surakarta Surakarta, 57552, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 197, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 227, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 240, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Latar Belakang : Teh adalah minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh manusia, dan sudah menjadi kebiasaan. Teh hitam adalah jenis teh yang sering muncul dan diminum karena memiliki warna, rasa, dan aroma yang unik. Teh hitam mengandung senyawa bioaktif (polifenol) bernama flavonoid dalam bentuk theaflavin, thearubigin, dan katekin yang dapat mengurangi kolesterol darah dengan menghambat penyerapan kolesterol di usus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar kolesterol pada wanita lanjut usia yang mengkonsumsi teh hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah. Kelurahan Sumber.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 364, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional, dengan 15 subjek di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber dengan teknik total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memberikan informed consent dan kuesioner, dan kadar kolesterol diperiksa dengan metode CHOD-PAP dengan fotometer Clima MC 15. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam bentuk tabel deskriptif dan tabulasi silang, kemudian dihitung frekuensi, rerata, persentase dan standar deviasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 461, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil : Penelitian terhadap 15 responden menunjukkan bahwa semua responden memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 489, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simpulan: Tingkat kolesterol pada wanita lanjut usia yang mengonsumsi teh hitam memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 530, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Kolesterol; Lansia; Teh Hitam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 557, "width": 368, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AN OVERVIEW OF CHOLESTEROL LEVELS IN ELDERLY WOMAN WHO CONSUME BLACK TEA AT PANTI JOMPO AISYIYAH KELURAHAN SUMBER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 291, "top": 606, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 620, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background: Tea is the most consumed beverage by humans, and it has become a habit. Black tea is a type of tea that is often appeared and drunk because it has a unique color, taste and aroma. Black tea contains bioactive compounds (polyphenols) named flavonoids in the form of theaflavin, thearubigin, and catechins which can reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 703, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose: of this study was to determine the description of cholesterol levels in elderly woman who consume black tea at Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11- 19) 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 57, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 793, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methode: This research used descriptive research with cross sectional approach, with 15 subjects in Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber by total sampling technique. The study was conducted by giving informed consent and questionnaires, and the cholesterol levels were examined by the CHOD-PAP method with a Clima MC 15 photometer. The data obtained were presented in the form of descriptive tables and cross tabulation, then calculated frequencies, mean, percentage and standard deviation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 213, "width": 400, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Result: The results of the study of 15 respondents showed that all respondents had cholesterol levels within normal limits.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 240, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion: Cholesterol levels in elderly women who consume black tea have cholesterol levels within normal limits.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Cholesterol; Elderly; Black Tea", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 309, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebiasaan minum teh sudah menjadi budaya bagi penduduk di dunia. Teh merupakan minuman yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh manusia, selain air putih. Teh memiliki warna, rasa dan aroma yang khas. Teh hitam merupakan jenis teh yang sering beredar dan sering diminum, termasuk di Indonesia. Tingkat perkembangan ketersediaan konsumsi teh di Indonesia tertinggi dicapai pada tahun 2016 sebesar 114.793 ton dimana konsumsinya naik sebesar 33,69% terhadap tahun sebelumnya (Zikria, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 401, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia mengkonsumsi teh tanpa mengetahui manfaat dari teh itu sendiri. Teh hitam mengandung senyawa zat bioaktif (polifenol) yang terdapat di dalam daun teh . Secara umum, polifenol terbagi menjadi dua bagian besar yaitu flavonoid dan asam fenolat (Sudaryat, 2015). Theaflavin merupakan antioksidan yang terkandung di dalam teh hitam. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa pemberi elektron, yang mampu menginaktivasi berkembangnya reaksi oksidan, dengan cara mencegah terbentuknya radikal bebas. Theaflavin menunjukkan efektivitasnya dalam mencegah terjadinya oksidasi lipid atau memotong proses berantai oksidasi lipid daripada epigalocathecin gallat (EGCG) (Anggraini, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kolesterol merupakan zat lemak yang beredar di dalam darah, berwarna kekuningan dan berupa seperti lilin, yang diproduksi oleh hati. Kolesterol termasuk golongan lipid yang tidak terhidrolisis dan merupakan sterol utama dalam jaringan tubuh manusia. Kolesterol merupakan bahan pembentukan sejumlah steroid seperti asam empedu, asam folat, hormon adrenal korteks, esterogen dan progesteron (Almatsier, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 400, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lanjut usia (lansia) merupakan tahap akhir dari perkembangan hidup manusia. Proses bertambahnya usia akan berdampak pada berbagai aspek kehidupan, baik sosial, ekonomi, maupun kesehatan. Dari segi kesehatan, dengan semakin bertambahnya usia maka fungsi biologis akan mengalami proses penuaan secara terus-menerus yang ditandai menurunnya daya tahan fisik sehingga rentan terhadap serangan penyakit yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Kematian terbanyak akibat penyakit tidak menular antara lain penyakit kardiovaskuler dan hiperkolesterolemia (Suwarsi, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 47, "width": 309, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11–19)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 58, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 775, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian diatas peneliti ingin mengetahui “Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita Lansia Yang Mengkonsumsi Teh Hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 171, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 401, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2019. Tempat pengambilan sampel di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber. Tempat pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Klinik STIKES Nasional Surakarta. Alat yang digunakan antara lain informed consent , kuesioner, Fotometer RAL Clima MC-15, tourniquet , spuit, jarum, vacum tube , kapas, tissue , micropipet 10 µl dan 100 µl, blue tip , yellow tip , ice box , thermometer , dan cup sampel. Bahan yang digunakan antara lain alkohol 70%, reagen cholesterol, aquabidest, dan sampel serum. Cara Kerja : Penelitian diawali dengan memberikan penjelasan mengenai prosedur penelitian yang disertai dengan pemberian informed consent dan kuesioner, serta menjelaskan kepada responden bahwa responden yang bersedia akan diminta untuk berpuasa sebelum dilakukan pengambilan darah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 351, "width": 401, "height": 96, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Responden yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah lansia yang memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi teh hitam setiap hari dan bersedia menandatangani informed consent. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Total Sampling. Setelah dilakukan pengambilan darah vena, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan metode CHOD-PAP menggunakan Fotometer RAL Clima MC-15 dengan panjang gelombang 546 nm, program C/F, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 20-25  C atau suhu 37  C selama 10 menit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 463, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 477, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada penelitian ini peneliti berhasil mendapatkan data hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol pada wanita lansia di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber yang disajikan dalam tabel 1 sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 532, "width": 396, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Pemeriksaan Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita Lansia Di Panti Jompo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 546, "width": 381, "height": 202, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber. No Kode Sampel Jenis Kelamin Usia (Tahun) Kadar Kolesterol (mg/dl) Keterangan 1 AC 1 P 62 80 Normal 2 AC 2 P 73 105 Normal 3 AC 3 P 68 84 Normal 4 AC 4 P 69 72 Normal 5 AC 5 P 64 80 Normal 6 AC 6 P 60 72 Normal 7 AC 7 P 83 64 Normal 8 AC 8 P 71 88 Normal 9 AC 9 P 79 56 Normal 10 AC 10 P 84 86 Normal 11 AC 11 P 61 70 Normal 12 AC 13 P 71 79 Normal 13 AC 14 P 74 57 Normal 14 AC 15 P 80 101 Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11- 19) 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 57, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 793, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 116, "width": 370, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 AC 16 P 77 64 Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 128, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 154, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 diatas menggambarkan hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol pada wanita lansia di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber dimana seluruh responden memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 209, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Distribusi Frekuensi Relative Karakteristik Responden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 223, "width": 382, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Kelompok Frekuensi Presentase (%) 1. Jumlah Konsumsi teh  5 gelas/hari 13 86,7 > 5 gelas/hari 2 13,3 2. Konsumsi Obat Ya 2 13,3 Tidak 13 86,7 3. Status Hipertensi Normotensi 9 60 Hipertensi 6 40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 305, "width": 241, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer dan Data Sekunder Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 329, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 didapatkan sebanyak 13 responden (86,7%) yang mengkonsumsi teh hitam  5 gelas/hari. Responden yang mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol sebanyak 2 orang (13,3%). Responden yang memiliki status hipertensi sebanyak 6 orang (40%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 399, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Data Deskriptif Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita Lansia Yang Konsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 412, "width": 382, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teh Hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Sumber No Kelompok N Mean Min Max Std.Dev Std.Error 1 Kadar Kolesterol 15 77,2 56 105 14,4 3,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 454, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 480, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 didapatkan nilai kadar kolesterol pada wanita lansia yang mengkonsumsi teh hitam setiap hari di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Sumber yaitu dengan rata-rata 77,2 mg/dl, nilai minimal 56 mg/dl, nilai maksimal 105 mg/dl, dan standar deviasi 14,4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 549, "width": 388, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Data Deskriptif Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita Lansia Yang Konsumsi Teh Hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Sumber berdasarkan Jumlah Konsumsinya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 576, "width": 382, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Jumlah Konsumsi Teh N Mean Min Max Std.Dev Std.Error 1.  5 gelas/hari 13 78 56 105 0,4 0,1 2. > 5 gelas/hari 2 72 72 72 0,4 0,1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 612, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 635, "width": 400, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. menggambarkan pada konsumsi  5 gelas/hari terdapat 13 responden dengan rata-rata 78 mg/dl, serta didapatkan nilai minimal 56 dan nilai maksimal 105. Sedangkan konsumsi > 5 gelas/hari terdapat 2 responden dengan rata-rata 72 mg/dl, serta nilai minimal 72 dan nilai maksimal 72. Pada tabel ini didapatkan nilai standar deviasi sebesar 0,4 dan standar error 0,1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 47, "width": 309, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11–19)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 58, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 775, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 116, "width": 382, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Tabulasi Silang Hasil Kadar Kolesterol dengan Jumlah Konsumsi Teh Hitam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 122, "top": 144, "width": 378, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Kolesterol No Jumlah Konsumsi Teh Normal Lebih dari normal Jumlah 1.  5 gelas/hari 13 0 13 Proporsi 100% 0% 2. > 5 gelas/hari 2 0 2 Proporsi 100% 0% Jumlah 15 0 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 240, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 266, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. menggambarkan sebanyak 13 responden (100%) pada konsumsi teh hitam  5 gelas/hari memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal dan sebanyak 2 responden (100%) dengan konsumsi teh hitam > 5 gelas/hari juga memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 336, "width": 384, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Data Deskriptif Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita Lansia Yang Konsumsi Teh Hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Sumber berdasarkan konsumsi obat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 364, "width": 370, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Konsumsi Obat N Mean Min Max Std.Dev Std.Error 1. Ya 2 84,00 80 88 5,6 4,0 2. Tidak 13 76,15 56 105 15,1 4,2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 399, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 423, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. menggambarkan terdapat 2 responden yang mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol dengan rata-rata 84,00, serta didapatkankan nilai minimal 80 dan nilai maksimal 88 dengan standar deviasi 5,6 dan standar error 4,0. Sedangkan sebanyak 13 responden yang tidak mengkonsumsi obat memiliki rata-rata sebesar 76,15, dan didapatakan nilai minimalnya 56 dan nilai maksimal 105 dengan standar deviasi 15,1 dan standar error 4,2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 519, "width": 350, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Tabulasi Silang Hasil Kadar Kolesterol dengan Konsumsi Obat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 533, "width": 380, "height": 85, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Kolesterol No Konsumsi Obat Normal Lebih dari normal Jumlah 1. Ya 2 0 2 Proporsi 100% 0% 2. Tidak 13 0 13 Proporsi 100% 0% Jumlah 15 0 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 623, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 646, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. menggambarkan terdapat 2 responden (100%) yang mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal dan terdapat 13 responden (100%) yang tidak mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11- 19) 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 57, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 793, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 116, "width": 357, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Tabulasi Silang Hasil Kadar Kolesterol dengan Status Hipertensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 227, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer Bulan April 2019", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 400, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. menggambarkan terdapat 6 responden (100%) yang memiliki status hipertensi memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal dan terdapat 9 responden (100%) yang tidak memiliki status hipertensi memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggambarkan kadar kolesterol pada wanita lansia yang mengkonsumsi teh hitam di Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber. Dari hasil yang didapatkan, dilihat pada tabel 1 seluruh responden memiliki kadar kolesterol normal. Rata-rata kadar kolesterol responden yang disajikan dalam tabel 2 adalah 77,2 mg/dl, dengan kadar kolesterol terendah 56 mg/dl, dan kadar tertinggi 105 mg/dl.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 388, "width": 401, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan kadar kolesterol pada konsumsi teh hitam konsumsi  5 gelas/hari sebanyak 13 responden memiliki rata-rata 78 mg/dl, sedangkan konsumsi > 5 gelas/hari sebanyak 2 responden memiliki rata-rata 72 mg/dl. Penurunan dari kolesterol tersebut berasal dari senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung di dalam teh hitam yang mampu menghambat formasi misel sehingga absorbsi kolesterol di usus juga terhambat. Sedangkan pada penelitian yang dilakukan Troup et al (2015) dengan pemberian 5 gelas teh hitam setiap hari pada responden hiperkolesterolemia tidak didapatkan hasil yang signifikan terhadap perubahan kadar kolesterolnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini peneliti tidak dapat menyimpulkan bahwa konsumsi teh hitam setiap hari mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol, dikarenakan hanya menggambarkan kadar kolesterol satu kali pengukuran saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 558, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 menunjukkan terdapat 2 responden (13,3 %) yang mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol yaitu simvastatin dengan dosis 10 mg. Setelah dilakukan wawancara ulang pada kedua responden, responden mengurangi bahkan menghindari makanan yang mengandung lemak jenuh seperti jeroan dan kuning telur. Sesuai dengan penelitian Dewi (2014) bahwa konsumsi obat simvastatin dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Simvastatin bekerja didalam tubuh dengan cara menghambat 3-hidroxy-3 methylglutaryl koenzi A (HMG-CoA) reduktase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tabel 7 menunjukkan jumlah responden yang memiliki status hipertensi terdapat sebanyak 6 responden (40%). Data dari status hipertensi tersebut berasal dari data sekunder berupa Rekam Medik responden yang didapatkan dari Pengurus Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber. Responden yang memiliki status hipertensi tersebut memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal. Secara teori, tekanan darah dapat dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor seperti kurangnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 134, "width": 365, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar Kolesterol No Status Hipertensi Normal Lebih dari normal Jumlah 1. Ya 6 0 6 Proporsi 100% 0% 2. Tidak 9 0 9 Proporsi 100% 0% Jumlah 15 0 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 47, "width": 309, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11–19)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 58, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 775, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "aktivitas fisik, konsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung garam dan lemak, usia, serta faktor genetik. Dalam penelitian Angesti (2018) menunjukkan bahwa riwayat hipertensi keluarga menjadi faktor dominan terhadap terjadinya hipertensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini peneliti tidak mengendalikan faktor genetik, aktivitas fisik, dan asupan makanan. Faktor yang dikendalikan antara lain jumlah konsumsi teh, konsumsi obat dan status hipertensi. Faktor genetik tidak dapat dikendalikan karena diturunkan dari keluarganya. Keluarga yang memiliki kadar kolesterol tinggi, kemungkinan keturunannya memiliki kadar LDL kolesterol tinggi bisa terjadi (Graha, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 254, "width": 401, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aktivitas fisik tidak dikendalikan karena setiap responden memiliki kegiatan yang berbeda-beda. Kegiatan yang dilakukan antara lain senam, berkebun, bersepeda, berjalan, dan memotong sayuran. Makanan yang disediakan oleh Panti lengkap dengan sayur, lauk, dan buah. Tetapi tidak semua lansia mau mengkonsumsi makanan yang sudah disiapkan. Selain itu, adanya pedagang yang masuk ke wilayah Panti, membuat lansia menjadi membeli makanan dari luar. Hal ini menyebabkan asupan makanan yang dikonsumsi setiap lansia tidak sama, sehingga peneliti tidak dapat mengendalikan asupan makanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 364, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makanan yang masuk ke dalam tubuh sebagian besar terdiri dari trigliserida yang dihidrolisis menjadi asam lemak. Asam lemak tersebut akan mengalami oksidasi menjadi asetil-KoA untuk menghasilkan energi. Bila asupan makanan berlemak berlebihan pembentukan asetil Ko-A di hati juga akan meningkat sehingga produksi kolesterol akan meningkat. Keterkaitan kadar kolesterol darah dengan konsumsi lemak sebagai sumber energi menunjukkan peningkatan, sebab lemak memberikan nilai tambah terhadap kadar kolesterol. Semakin tinggi lemak yang dikonsumsi tetapi apabila penggunaan energi yang tidak seimbang akan menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol darah (Yuliantini, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 489, "width": 401, "height": 191, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain faktor di atas peneliti telah berusaha untuk mengendalikan faktor teknis dari mulai tahap pra analitik, analitik dan post analitik. Pada tahap pra analitik, peneliti satu hari sebelum dilakukan pengambilan darah memberitahukan dan mengingatkan responden untuk berpuasa selama 8-10 jam karena pemeriksaan yang dilakukan adalah kolesterol darah yang diharuskan untuk berpuasa supaya tidak mempengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan. Peneliti juga meminta bantuan dari pihak pengurus Panti untuk mengingatkan lansia yang menjadi responden untuk berpuasa. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan vacum tube dengan tutup berwarna merah. Pendistribusian sampel dari Panti Jompo Aisyiyah Kelurahan Sumber menuju Laboratorium Kimia Klinik STIKES Nasional menggunakan ice box berisi dry ice beku. Untuk pengendalian suhu dilakukan menggunakan thermometer suhu yaitu pada suhu 2-8  C. Waktu yang diperlukan untuk pendistribusian sampel darah selama 20 menit dan pemusingan serta pemisahan serum dari darah dilakukan sebelum 2 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 683, "width": 401, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap analitik dilakukan pemipetan sampel serum dan reagen menggunakan mikropipet, dengan bantuan yellow tip dan blue tip . Reagen sebelumnya sudah dikeluarkan dari almari es untuk menyesuaikan suhu agar stabil dengan suhu ruangan. Kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 45, "width": 383, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11- 19) 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 57, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 793, "width": 238, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 401, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "metode enzimatic colorimetric CHOD-PAP menggunakan alat Fotometer RAL Crima Mc-15.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 144, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap post analitik hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol diinterpretasikan dengan nilai normal. Pelaporan hasil pemeriksaan melalui pelampiran print out dari fotometer kemudian divalidasi oleh instruktur laboratorium.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 199, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 213, "width": 400, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar kolesterol pada wanita lansia yang mengkonsumsi teh hitam memiliki kadar kolesterol dalam batas normal baik berdasarkan jumlah konsumsi teh hitam per hari, konsumsi obat maupun status hipertensinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 268, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 401, "height": 176, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagi masyarakat, diharapkan masyarakat dapat memilih makanan yang sehat dan menghindari makanan yang berlemak jenuh, dan diimbangi dengan olahraga secara rutin, serta melakukan pemeriksaan rutin setiap bulan, seperti pemeriksaan kolesterol. Menjadikan penelitian-penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sebagai sumber bacaan, sehingga dapat mempermudah peneliti selanjutnya untuk menyusun Karya Tulis Ilmiah. Menjaga kesehatan seluruh lansia melalui pemeriksaan kolesterol dan tekanan darah secara rutin, serta menjaga pola makan lansia degan memperhatikan asupan makanan lansia dari luar Panti. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat melakukan penelitian sejenis dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang bervariatif sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pembanding seberapa besar kemungkinan terjadinya hiper-kolesterolemia . Penelitian juga dapat dilakukan dengan dua kali pengukuran kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah mengkonsumsi teh hitam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 475, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 495, "width": 393, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Almatsier, S. (2009 ). Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi . Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama Anggraini, T. (2017). Proses dan Manfaat Teh . Padang: Penerbit Erka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 401, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Angesti, A., Triyanti., dan Ratu A.D.S. 2018. Riwayat Hipertensi Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Dominan Hipertensi Pada Remaja Kelas XI SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok Tahun 2017. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan , Vol 46, No 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 401, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barret, K. E., Susan, M.B., Scort, B., dan Heddwen, L. (2017). Buku Ajar Fisiologi Kedokteran Ganong Edisi 24. Jakarta: EGC", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 629, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Graha, K.C. (2010). Kolesterol . Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 649, "width": 401, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sudaryat, Y., Yayat Sudaryat., Mimin Kusmiyati., Citra Ratu Pelangi., Ardi Rustamsyah., dan Dadan Rohdiana. 2015. Aktivitas antioksidan seduhan sepuluh jenis mutu teh hitam ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Teh dan Kina, Vol 18 No 2, 2015: 95- 100", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suwarsi, S. 2017. Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Darah Pada KelompokLansia Yang Diberikan Terapi Aktivitas Fisik Di Desa Wedomartani Sleman. Jurnal Keperawatan Respati Yogyakarta, Vol 4 , No 3, 252-255", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 47, "width": 309, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avicenna : Journal of Health Research, Vol 3 No 1. Maret 2020 (11–19)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 58, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prisilia Kurnia Wati, Hari Saktiningsih (Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol Pada Wanita…)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 775, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2020, Avicenna : Journal of Health Research ISSN 2615-6458 (print) | ISSN 2615-6466 (online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Troup, R., Jennifer H., Susan K., Bharat T., Waseem K., David R., Nigel S.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 130, "width": 364, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bozena M., Daniel K., Alan J., and Myron G. 2015. Effect of Black Tea Intake on Blood Cholesterol Concentrations in Individuals with Mild Hypercholesterolemia: A Diet-Controlled Randomized Trial. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition And Dietetics. Vol 115, No 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yuliantini, E., Ayu P.S., dan Edy Nur. 2015. Hubungan Asupan Energi, Lemak Dan Serat Dengan Rasio Kadar KolesterolTotal-Hdl. Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan , Vol.38(2):139-147", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 238, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zikria, R. (2017). Teh . Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 4 Tahun 2024 Page 2234-2240 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 146, "width": 345, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tinjauan Yuridis Syarat Sah Pembatalan Kontrak Sepihak Menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 218, "width": 166, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jovi Julian Sanni 1 ✉ , Rani Apriani 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 200, "top": 239, "width": 199, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 302, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 321, "width": 487, "height": 166, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui akibat dari pengakhiran perjanjian secara sepihak serta cara melakukannya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan penelitian yuridis normatif, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa suatu perbuatan yang bertentangan dengan ketaatan dan kehati-hatian yang perlu diperhatikan dalam hubungan antara warga negara dengan harta benda juga dapat dianggap sebagai pelanggaran hukum atau pengakhiran suatu perjanjian oleh seseorang. dari para pihak. Sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata, perjanjian dapat batal jika salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi syarat subjektif atau objektifnya. Apabila perjanjian diakhiri, para pihak akan mempunyai konsekuensi hukum, termasuk kemampuan untuk meminta pengakhiran perjanjian dan meminta uang mereka kembali dengan cara yang ada sebelum perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 492, "width": 279, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Akibat Hukum, Perjanjian, Syarat Sah Perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 533, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 552, "width": 487, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aim of this research is to determine the consequences of terminating an agreement unilaterally and how to do it. By using a normative juridical research approach, it can be concluded that an act that is contrary to the obedience and prudence that needs to be taken into account in the relationship between citizens and property can also be considered a violation of the law or the termination of an agreement by someone. from the parties. As regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, an agreement can be void if one party does not fulfill its subjective or objective requirements. If the agreement is terminated, the parties will have legal consequences, including the ability to request termination of the agreement and request their money back in the manner that existed before the agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 704, "width": 298, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Legal Effects, Agreement, Legal Terms of Agreement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 266, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 60, "width": 468, "height": 243, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara Indonesia merupakan negara yang berlandaskan hukum, Oleh karena itu, menjaga hak dan kewajiban seseorang yang disebut juga sebagai subjek hukum merupakan tujuan dari setiap ucapan dan tindakan dalam dunia hukum; ini bukan tentang menjaga orang lain. Disebut sebagai badan hukum, antara lain. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa setiap orang, apapun kewarganegaraannya, merupakan badan hukum yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk melakukan kegiatan hukum, termasuk membuat kontrak dengan pihak lain. Semua badan hukum berhak melakukan perbuatan hukum, namun untuk itu diperlukan dukungan pengetahuan dan kekuasaan hukum yang disebut dengan rechtsbekwaamheid (keterampilan hukum) dan rehtsbevoegdlheid (kewenangan hukum). Selama mereka dianggap kompeten secara hukum, setiap orang atau organisasi hukum mempunyai kemampuan untuk terlibat dalam aktivitas hukum seperti menandatangani kontrak, menikah, dan lain-lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 309, "width": 269, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kontrak yang diatur pada KUH Perdata antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 329, "width": 468, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjualan, pertukaran, penyewaan, asosiasi sipil, sumbangan, jaminan barang, pinjaman, pinjaman, pemberian hak milik, penangguhan kewajiban, kontrak komersial dan penyelesaian, di luar hukum perdata, berbagai kontrak baru telah berkembang, termasuk sewa guna usaha, sewa beli, waralaba, dan usaha patungan, hanya formulir peraturan menteri yang tersedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 433, "width": 468, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai subjek hukum, hal pertama yang dilakukan seseorang atau badan hukum yaitu mengadakan suatu perjanjian untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup atau untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Selain itu, Menurut Buku III KUH Perdata, digunakan sistem terbuka yang memungkinkan para pihak secara bebas merundingkan syarat-syarat, cara pelaksanaan, dan format perjanjian lisan dan tertulis dengan siapa pun. Selain itu, perjanjian dapat dibuat, terlepas dari apakah perjanjian tersebut diakui oleh hukum perdata atau tidak..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 579, "width": 468, "height": 160, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu perbuatan yang dilakukan terhadap satu orang atau lebih oleh satu orang atau lebih disebut perjanjian. Keabsahan suatu kontrak ditentukan oleh syarat-syaratnya yang dituangkan dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. (KUHPer), Jika Anda gagal mematuhi ketentuan hukum Perjanjian ini, Perjanjian ini akan batal dan tidak dapat dibatalkan, pemutusan suatu kontrak pada hakikatnya berarti terciptanya suatu hubungan kontraktual atau perjanjian yang tidak dimaksudkan, pemutusan kontrak itu sendiri didokumentasikan secara formal dan diatur pada Pasal 1446 sampai 1456 KUHP, namun tidak semua kontrak bisa dibatalkan, pengakhiran kontrak tunduk pada ketentuan pengakhiran yang ditentukan oleh hukum,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 39, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemutusan suatu kontrak yang mengakibatkan batalnya kontrak selalu menimbulkan akibat hukum lebih lanjut bagi pihak-pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 80, "width": 468, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata yang mengatur tentang hukum kontrak, suatu kontrak harus dilakukan oleh kedua belah pihak agar sah. kontrak itu harus dilaksanakan oleh para pihak yang membuat kontrak, serta harus ada syarat-syarat khusus sesuai dan alasan-alasan yang esensial, bahwa hal itu tidak boleh terjadi Syarat dan ketentuan ini menjadi dasar untuk mengadakan kontrak. Perjanjian tersebut dapat dianggap batal atau harus dibubarkan apabila salah satu syarat tersebut tidak dipenuhi. Syarat subjektif adalah syarat pertama dan kedua berkaitan dengan pokok perjanjian atau para pihak, sedangkan syarat obyektif adalah syarat ketiga dan keempat berkaitan dengan pokok bahasan yang sama..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 267, "width": 468, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika syarat-syarat subjektif perjanjian, yaitu kata sepakat dan kemampuan untuk melakukan perikatan, tidak terpenuhi, perjanjian tidak batal. Hanya dengan putusan pengadilan perjanjian dapat dibatalkan jika syarat-syarat yang berkaitan dengan pokok perjanjian, yaitu masalah tertentu dan adanya hubungan sebab akibat yang sah, tidak terpenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 371, "width": 468, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyak masyarakat di Indonesia masih melakukan kesepakatan yang didasarkan pada pemahaman lisan. Perjanjian lisan tidak dilarang menurut hukum perdata. Namun, perjanjian lisan tidak memiliki bobot hukum dibandingkan komitmen tertulis. Menurut Sudikno Mertokusumo, perjanjian tertulis yang dibuat di hadapan notaris atau pejabat pemerintah mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian penuh. Ini disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa masyarakat tidak memahami pentingnya perjanjian tertulis. Selain itu, Banyak kontrak tertulis yang batal, sebagaimana tercantum dalam KUH Perdata Pasal 1320. Akibatnya, penulis berusaha membahas detail perjanjian tersebut untuk mengajarkan orang tentang kontrak dan perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 579, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 599, "width": 468, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baik metode legislatif maupun jenis penelitian normatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian yang menjelaskan persoalan-persoalan kontemporer melalui analisis teori hukum kemudian menghubungkannya dengan kaidah-kaidah yang relevan dengan praktik hukum disebut dengan penelitian normatif. Metode kajian yang dikenal dengan pendekatan legislasi melihat permasalahan dari sudut pandang hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 239, "top": 39, "width": 141, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 312, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Syarat Pembatalan Perjanjian yang Diatur dalam KUHPer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 80, "width": 467, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perjanjian ini sewaktu-waktu dapat dibatalkan oleh pihak manapun. Suatu kontrak dapat diakhiri jika:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 122, "width": 458, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Jika Apabila perjanjian itu dibuat karena cacat wasiat (wilsgebreke) yang meliputi kesalahan, paksaan, penipuan, atau ketidakmampuan salah satu pihak, maka perjanjian itu dapat dicabut (vernietigbaar).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kesepakatan itu dicapai sebagai akibat dari ketidakcakapan pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian ( ombekwaamheid).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 226, "width": 467, "height": 201, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Pasal 1266 KUHPer, orang yang memutuskan bahwa perjanjian telah dibuat oleh hakim dapat meminta pembatalan perjanjian melalui pengadilan. Menurut Subekti, dapat dilakukan melalui dua cara, pertama, dengan meminta pembatalan perjanjian langsung oleh hakim atau pembelaan, atau dengan menunggu pihak tergugat digugat untuk melaksanakan perjanjian di hadapan hakim dan baru kemudian mengemukakan Perjanjian berlaku selama lima tahun. Oleh karena itu, perjanjian pengakhiran harus bersifat timbal balik, berarti kedua belah pihak memiliki hak dan kewajiban. Ketentuan di atas adalah persyaratan yang harus dipenuhi sebelum suatu perjanjian bisa dibatalkan. Jika tidak dipenuhi, perjanjian itu tidak sah dan diyakini tidak ada. Dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 432, "width": 441, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“ Pertama, adanya kata sepakat bagi mereka yang mengikatkan dirinya; kedua, kecakapan para pihak untuk membuat suatu perikatan; ketiga, suatu hal tertentu; dan keempat, suatu sebab (causa) yang halal”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 496, "width": 467, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena berkaitan dengan subjek perjanjian, syarat pertama dan kedua disebut sebagai syarat subjektif. Karena berkaitan dengan tujuan berlangsungnya perbuatan hukum, maka syarat ketiga dan keempat disebut syarat obyektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 558, "width": 468, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika persyaratan sewenang-wenang tidak dipenuhi, perjanjian dapat diakhiri. Hak untuk meminta pengakhiran perjanjian dimiliki oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak kompeten secara hukum atau tidak secara sukarela menyetujuinya. Sebaliknya, perjanjian dianggap tidak sah secara hukum apabila kriteria obyektifnya tidak terpenuhi. Pasal 1266 KUH Perdata memuat syarat- syarat untuk mengajukan gugatan yang “dapat dibatalkan” atau “batal demi hukum” ( empty).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 682, "width": 441, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“ Syarat batal dianggap selalu dicantumkan dalam persetujuan yang timbal balik, manakala salah satu pihak tidak memenuhi kewajibannya. Dalam hal yang demikian persetujuan tidak batal demi hukum, tetapi pembatalan harus dimintakan kepada Hakim. Permintaan ini juga harus dilakukan, meskipun syarat batal mengenai tidak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 38, "width": 440, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipenuhinya kewajiban dinyatakan didalam perjanjian. Jika syarat batal tidak dinyatakan dalam persetujuan, Hakim adalah leluasa untuk menurut keadaan, atas permintaan si tergugat, memberikan suatu jangka waktu untuk masih juga memenuhi kewajibannya, jangka waktu mana namun itu tidak boleh lebih dari satu bulan .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 403, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Akibat Hukum Pembatalan Perjanjian Sepihak Menurut Pasal 1320 KUHPer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 155, "width": 467, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu perjanjian yang mengikat secara hukum tidak dapat dibatalkan atau dibatalkan secara sepihak oleh salah satu pihak. Sebelum memulai negosiasi ulang, salah satu pihak harus mendapatkan persetujuan dari pihak lainnya untuk membatalkan. Namun apabila terdapat alasan yang kuat dan sesuai dengan hukum, maka salah satu pihak dapat menarik atau membatalkan perjanjian secara sepihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 258, "width": 467, "height": 140, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada Pasal 1338 Ayat (2) KUHPer, bahwa tidak mungkin untuk mengakhiri suatu perjanjian secara sepihak karena hal itu akan mengakibatkan batalnya perjanjian di antara para pihak. Menurut KUH Perdata pasal 1266 dan 1267, yang mengatur secara rinci persyaratan pembatalan, pengadilan harus meminta pembatalan jika salah satu pihak gagal menepati tujuan tawarnya., dan itu harus disimpan untuk waktu yang akan datang. Sebab pihak lain tidak dapat melaksanakan kewajibannya, para pihak tidak boleh memutuskan kontrak secara sepihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 404, "width": 467, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebab pembatalan sepihak dianggap tidak berdasarkan alasan yang baik dalam perjanjian pembatalannya, dapat dianggap bahwa pembatalan mendadak tersebut telah melanggar kewajiban hukum non-kontrak, termasuk berperilaku baik dan bekerja dengan jujur dan hati-hati. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa mempertimbangkan pembatalan sepihak adalah tindakan ilegal. KUHPer, khususnya pasal 1266, menetapkan bahwa pemutusan perjanjian hanya bisa dilakukan jika perjanjian itu bersifat timbal balik, ada pelanggaran perjanjian, serta melalui persetujuan hakim (pengadilan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 549, "width": 467, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep penyiksaan dapat digunakan untuk menuntut sengketa berdasarkan kesepakatan yang telah dibatalkan secara sepihak. Hal ini menyiratkan bahwa mungkin ada hubungan konseptual atau kemiripan antara kejahatan dan tindakan ilegal karena pelanggaran terhadap standar kesusilaan publik dan merugikan individu yang terlibat. Penting untuk mengkaji secara mendalam kerangka teoritis mengenai definisi pelanggaran hukum untuk menunjukkan unsur-unsur kegiatan ilegal dalam pengakhiran perjanjian secara sepihak. yaitu penggunaan arti yang salah. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Hoge Raad dalam Linden Baum V. Cohen, pelanggaran hukum dapat menyebabkan pelanggaran hak- hak subjek lain yang bertentangan dengan suatu kewajiban, bukan hanya melanggar ketentuan tertulis. Yurisprudensi yang dibuat oleh penulis melanggar kode etik dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 39, "width": 467, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bertentangan dengan prinsip kesopanan, ketelitian, dan kepedulian yang dibutuhkan seseorang untuk memperhatikan kepentingan orang lain daripada negaranya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 80, "width": 467, "height": 140, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika terjadi wanprestasi, Pihak yang dirugikan berhak mengajukan gugatan terhadap pihak yang tidak patuh. Oleh karena itu, undang-undang mengantisipasi bahwa wanprestasi tidak akan merugikan pihak manapun. Performa akan menyebabkan cedera pada satu sisi. Apabila salah satu pihak melakukan kesalahan yang mengakibatkan kerugian bagi pihak lainnya, maka pihak tersebut wajib membayar tagihan pihak lainnya. Tuntutan tersebut dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk pemenuhan kontrak (dengan atau tanpa kompensasi) atau pemutusan kontrak (dengan atau tanpa kompensasi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 226, "width": 467, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu, pihak yang dirugikan memiliki kemungkinan besar untuk menuntut pembatalan dan pemenuhan kontrak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 267, "width": 467, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 1451 dan 1452 KUH Perdata mengatur apa yang terjadi apabila suatu perjanjian dibatalkan. Jika perjanjian itu dibatalkan, maka keadaan akan kembali seperti semula sebelum disepakati. Akibat: Pertama, syarat-syarat subyektif yang sah dilanggar, dan kedua, perjanjian yang melanggar syarat-syarat itu batal. objektif sahnya dibatalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 350, "width": 467, "height": 202, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika perjanjian bisa dibatalkan, Pembatalannya dapat diminta oleh pihak manapun. Perjanjian tersebut akan mengikat kedua belah pihak apabila tidak dicabut oleh hakim atas permintaan pihak yang berhak meminta pembatalannya. Hak untuk menuntut ganti rugi, penggantian biaya, atau bahkan pengakhiran perjanjian merupakan hak pihak-pihak yang merasa dirugikan. Sebaliknya, mereka yang sebelumnya telah mendapat prestasi dari pihak lain wajib mengembalikannya. Sebaliknya, kontrak yang tidak mempunyai keabsahan hukum dianggap ilegal atau dianggap tidak ada sama sekali. Jika pihak lain tidak bertindak, salah satu pihak dapat mengajukan gugatan untuk mengakhiri perjanjian. Hal ini dilakukan semata-mata untuk memenuhi maksud pembatalan, yaitu mengembalikan keadaan seperti semula pada perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 579, "width": 59, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 599, "width": 458, "height": 140, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelanggaran suatu perjanjian atau penghentian secara tiba-tiba satu per satu mungkin melanggar hukum. Pelanggaran perjanjian juga dapat berupa pelanggaran hukum atau tindakan yang bertentangan dengan kesopanan dan kepatuhan yang diperlukan dalam hubungan antara orang dan propertinya. Gagasan mengenai kewajiban ekstra-kontraktual dapat digunakan dalam situasi ini, dan salah satu aspek hukumnya adalah bahwa pembatalan sepihak dapat dianggap tidak sopan dan tidak sejalan dengan norma-norma masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 745, "width": 431, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu syarat untuk pembatalan perjanjian adalah bahwa perjanjian harus timbal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 790, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Jovi Julian Sanni, Rani Apriani", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 39, "width": 458, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "balik, yaitu memberi hak dan kewajiban kedua belah pihak. Selanjutnya, putusan hakim harus berujung pada wanprestasi karena pengadilan harus memilih apakah akan membatalkan perjanjian tersebut. Suatu kontrak dapat dibatalkan menurut Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata apabila tidak memenuhi standar obyektif dan subyektif yang diperlukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 122, "width": 458, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pihak yang bersangkutan berhak meminta agar perjanjian tersebut diakhiri jika hal itu dapat dilakukan. Sebaliknya, apabila perjanjian itu ternyata melawan hukum maka dianggap batal demi hukum atau bahkan tidak pernah terjadi. Konsekuensinya, para pihak dalam perjanjian berhak untuk kembali ke keadaan semula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 226, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 246, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agus Yudha Hernoko. 2010. “Hukum Perjanjian Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersil”. Kencana, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 288, "width": 461, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kartini Muljd dan Gunawan. 2003. ”Perikatan Yang lahir Dari Perjanjian”. PT. Raja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 309, "width": 143, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 76, "top": 329, "width": 420, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simanjuntak, 2007. “Pokok - pokok Hukum Perdata Indonesia”. Djambatan, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 350, "width": 458, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, 2001. ”Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat”. PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 392, "width": 366, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Subekti, R. 1992. ”Pokok - Pokok Hukum Perdata”. PT. Intermasa, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 412, "width": 206, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 433, "width": 458, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Feliks Gerald, “Gugatan Hukum Jika Syarat Keabsahan Perjanjian Tidak Terpenuhi”,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 454, "width": 426, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://lbhpengayoman.unpar.ac.id/gugatan-hukum-jika-syarat-keabsahan-perjan jian-tidak-terpenuhi/, diakses pada Minggu, 25 Desember 2022.", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 117, "top": 167, "width": 394, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (RPTKA) Sebagai Izin Menggunakan Tenaga Kerja Asing di Indonesia", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 242, "top": 207, "width": 139, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adella Virginia Z. [email protected] Universitas Airlangga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 259, "width": 41, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 274, "width": 401, "height": 133, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In order to participate in the Asean Economic Community, Government continues to improve and simplify the bureaucracy to increase investment,One of which is by replacing foreign labor regulations. Presence of Presidential Regulation number20 of 2018 has drawn controversy. By eliminating certain conditions regarding the recruitment of foreign workers in Indonesia is considered to threaten employment for Indonesian workers because the crucial things previously regulated in Law Number 13 0f 2003 has been eliminated.It eliminated IMTA from the mandatory terms of foreign workers in Indonesia and only required to have RPTKA issued by the company. If there is no direct interference from the government in controlling the number of foreign workers working in Indonesia, then the economic sector in Indonesia is Threatened to be controlled by the private sector which is only oriented to be personal profit. This certainly contradicts to the goal of AEC namely to eliminate economic inequality in ASEAN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: RPTKA; Foreign; Workers; Permission.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 427, "width": 42, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 442, "width": 402, "height": 157, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka bepartisipasi dalam Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN, pemerintah terus berupaya memperbaiki dan menyederhanakan birokrasi untuk meningkatkan investasi yang salah satunya dengan cara mengganti peraturan terkait Tenaga Kerja Asing. Peraturan Presiden No. 20 Tahun 2018 menuai kontroversi. Dengan menghilangkan beberapa syarat masuknya Tenaga Kerja Asing di Indonesia dianggap dapat mengancam lapangan pekerjaan untuk Tenaga Kerja Indonesia yang salah satunya adalah Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018 menghilangkan Izin Menggunakan Tenaga Kerja Asing dari syarat wajib Tenaga Kerja Asing yang bekerja di Indonesia dan hanya wajib memiliki Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (RPTKA) yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan dan tidak perlu persetujuan dari Kementrian. Apabila tidak ada campur tangan langsung dari pemerintah dalam mengendalikan jumlah TKA yang bekerja di Indonesia, maka sektor ekonomi di Indonesia terancam akan dikuasai oleh pihak-pihak swasta yang hanya berorientasi pada keuntungan pribadi. Hal ini tentunya bertententangan dengan tujuan MEA pada awalnya yaitu untuk menghilangkan kesenjangan ekonomi di ASEAN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 597, "width": 197, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: RPTKA; Tenaga Kerja Asing; Izin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 629, "width": 68, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 651, "width": 404, "height": 102, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masalah Tenaga Kerja Asing (TKA) kembali menjadi polemik seiring diterbitkannya Peraturan Presiden atau Perpres No. 20 tahun 2018. Banyak masyarakat yang beranggapan bahwa peraturan tersebut pro terhadap TKA karena landasan penerbitan Perpres tersebut dianggap tidak kuat, terutama jika dilihat dari sisi sosiologis dan Yuridis. Dari sisi sosiologis, perpres ini dianggap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "347", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 107, "width": 157, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 140, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 152, "width": 320, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Histori artikel: Submit 1 Februari 2019; Diterima 15 Februari 2019; Diterbitkan online 1 Maret 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "348 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 406, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak mencerminkan keadaan atau kenyataan yang ada dalam masyarakat yang saat ini kesulitan mencari pekerjaan. Sementara dari sisi Yuridis beberapa pasal dalam perpres ini dinilai bertentangan dengan peraturan yang lebih tinggi, yaitu Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 tentang ketenagakerjaan. Diantaranya dokumen pengesahan Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing(RPTKA) yang otomatis menjadi izin untuk mempekerjakan TKA. Padahal dalam Undang-Undang Tenaga Kerja, RPTKA hanya salah satu syarat karena ada syarat lain yang harus dipenuhi yaitu dokumen Izin Menggunakan Tenaga Kerja Asing(IMTA). Tidak hanya itu, kemudahan yang diberikan Pasal 10 Perpres ini dimana TKA pemegang saham,pegawai diplomatik, dan jenis pekerjaan yang dibutuhkan pemerintah, bahkan tidak membutuhkan RPTKA. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 347, "width": 402, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain belakangan ini marak berbagai temuan dan pemberitaan terkait TKA illegal, Ombudsman Republik Indonesia juga menemukan fakta bahwa hampir setiap hari banyak TKA khususnya yang berasal dari China Masuk ke Indonesia dan bekerja sebagai buruh kasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 403, "height": 275, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Latar belakang lahirnya Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018 sesungguhnya merupakan salah satu cara dari pemerintah untuk meningkatkan minat Investasi di Indonesia dengan cara membuat birokrasi dan persyaratan administrasi yang sebelumnya dianggap terlalu berbelit dan melibatkan terlau banyak kementrian menjadi lebih mudah. Selain itu, menurut data yang dihimpun dari Kementrian Tenaga Kerja Indonesia jumlah tenaga kerja asing yang bekerja di Indonesia terhitung relatif sedikit dibandigkan jumlah tenaga kerja Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri. Total jumlah tenaga kerja asing yang bekerja di Indonesia hingga saat ini adalah 126 (seratus dua puluh enam) ribu,sedangkan total jumlah tenaga kerja Indonesia yang bekerja di luar negeri adalah 9 (sembilan) juta per akhir tahun 2017. Sehingga rasa khawatir adanya pengambil alihan lapangan pekerjaan di Indonesia oleh tenaga kerja asing tidak perlu menjadi masalah lagi. TKI yang bekerja di Hongkong sudah lebih dari 150.000 orang. Di Makau sekitar 20.000 orang. Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Rofiq Hidayat,’Perpres Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing Potensi Langgar Empat UU Ini’(Hukum Online 2018)< www.hukumonline.com>, accesed 12 Januari 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 72, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "349", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Taiwan sekitar 200.000 orang. Sementara jumlah TKA asal China yang kerja di Indonesia sampai akhir 2017 sekitar 24.800-an. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 153, "width": 403, "height": 167, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertimbangan Hukum Kewajiban Bagi Perusahaan untuk Memiliki RPTKA dan IMTA dalam Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing. Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing yang selanjutnya disebut RPTKA adalah rencana penggunaan tenaga kerja asing yang merupakan dokumen awal yang harus disiapkan oleh pemberi kerja tenaga kerja asing pada jabatan tertentu yang dibuat oleh pemberi tenaga kerja asing untuk jangka waktu tertentu yang disahkan oleh menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk RPTKA berguna sebagai dasar untuk mendapatkan izin mempekerjakan tenaga asing(IMTA).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 326, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pasal 43(2) Undang-Undang No.13 Tahun 2003, RPTKA sekurang kurangnya memuat keterangan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 369, "width": 199, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Alasan penggunaan tenaga kerja asing;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 116, "top": 383, "width": 401, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Jabatan dan/atau kedudukan tenaga kerja asing dalam struktur organisasi perusahaan yang bersangkutan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 116, "top": 412, "width": 248, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Jangka waktu penggunaan tenaga kerja asing;dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 116, "top": 426, "width": 373, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Penunjukan tenaga kerja Indonesia sebagai pendamping tenaga kerja asing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 448, "width": 375, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RPTKA diterbitkan oleh Departemen Tenaga Kerja & Transmigrasi RI", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Depnakertrans). Masa berlaku RPTKA itu sendiri adalah 1 (Satu) tahun, kecuali jabatan-jabatan yang ada dalam akta pendirian perusahaan yaitu 3 (Tiga) tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 513, "width": 403, "height": 189, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk perpanjangannya, disesuaikan dengan lokasi penempatan kerja Tenaga Asing tersebut. Jika hanya dalam satu otonomi daerah, maka instansi penerbit adalah Dinas Tenaga Kerja & Transmigrasi RI dimana TKA tersebut bekerja. Berdasarkan Permen 16 Tahun 2015, waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pengesahan RPTKA adalah 3 hari kerja jika semua dokumen lengkap dan sesuai persyaratan. Sementara Izin Menggunakan Teaga Kerja Asing (IMTA) adalah izin yang harus dimiliki untuk setiap tenaga kerja asing yang dipekerjakan oleh kegiatan usaha dalam rangka penanaman modal oleh Penanaman Modal Asing(PMS)/Penanaman Modal Dalam Negeri (PMDN) yang menggunakan tenaga kerja dalam kegiatanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 399, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Andri Donnal Putra,’Ini Data TKA di Indonesia dan Perbandingan dengan TKI di Luar Negeri’(Kompas 2015),<www.kompas.com > accesed 12 Januari 2019.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 261, "top": 72, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "350 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 402, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMTA berlaku untuk masa waktu satu tahun dan selanjutnya dapat diperpanjang. Prosedur untuk mengurus IMTA diajukan oleh investor untuk setiap tenaga kerja asing yang digunakan kepada Direktur Pengendalian Penggunan Tenaga Kerja Asing (Ditjen P2TKA), Direktorat Jenderal Pembinaan Penempatan Tenaga Kerja Kementerian tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi melalui loket pelayanan yang tersedia di Direktorat P2TKA atau di Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 403, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apabila Pemberi Kerja tidak memenuhi kewajiban-kewajiban diatas saat mempekerjakan TKA Di Indonesia, maka akan dikenai sanksi. Terdapat 3 jenis sanksi yaitu Sanksi Pidana, Sanksi Administrasi dan Sanksi Perdata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 304, "width": 402, "height": 146, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sanksi Pidana atau yang disebut ultimum remedium yang berarti merupakan sanksi pamungkas (terakhir) dalam suatu penegakan hukum adalah suatu hukuman sebab akibat, sebab adalah kasusnya dan akibat adalah hukumnya, orang yang terkena akibat akan memperoleh sanksi baik masuk penjara ataupun terkena hukuman lain dari pihak berwajib. Sanksi Pidana merupakan suatu jenis sanksi yang bersifat nestapa yang diancamkan atau dikenakan terhadap perbuatan atau pelaku perbuatan pidana atau tindak pidana yang dapat menggangu atau membahayakan kepentingan hukum. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 401, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sanksi pidana pada dasarnya merupakan suatu penjamin untuk merehabilitasi perilaku dari pelaku kejahatan tersebut, namun tidak jarang bahwa sanksi pidana diciptakan sebagai suatu ancaman dari kebebasan manusia itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 520, "width": 405, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika perusahaan atau pemberi kerja mempekerjakan TKA tanpa mempunyai izin, berarti perusahaan tersebut telah melanggar ketentuan Pasal 42 UU Ketenagakerjaan. Atas pelanggaran tersebut, pemberi kerja dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/ atau denda paling sedikit Rp 100 juta dan paling banyak Rp 400 juta yang telah diatur dalam pasal 185 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 650, "width": 405, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sanksi administrasi merupakan sanksi/hukuman yang diberikan apabila pemberi kerja dan/atau TKA yang bekerja di Indonesia apabila tidak mematuhi ketentuan-ketentuan adminstrasi yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Tenaga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 747, "width": 265, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Moeljatno , Asas-asas Hukum Pidana (Rineka Cipta 2008).[60].", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "351", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 403, "height": 361, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerja atau yang biasa disebut Permenaker No. 10 tahun 2018 . Berdasarkan pasal 39(1) Permenaker No. 10 tahun 2018 ,sanksi administrasi terbagi menjadi 4(empat) macam, yaitu penundaan pelayanan, penghentian sementara proses perizinan TKA, pencabutan notifikasi dan/atau sanksi lain sesuai dengan peraturan perundang- undangan. Sanksi administrasi sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam pasal (1) , diberikan kepada pemberi kerja TKA yang melakukan pelanggaran berupa tidak melaporkan setiap tahun kepada menteri terkait pelaksanaan penggunaan TKA dan/atau pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan Tenaga Kerja Pendamping , tidak melaporkan berakhirnya penggunaan TKA 4 . Klasifikasi mengenai pelanggaran tersebut sesuai yang telah diatur dalam pasal 39(2) Permenaker No. 10 tahun 2018 Sanksi berupa penghentian sementara proses perizinan TKA akan diberikan kepada Pemberi Kerja TKA yang tidak memiliki RPTKA yang di sahkan oleh Menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk .Pencabutan notifikasi akan dilakukan jika pemberi kerja mempekerjakan TKA pada jabatan-jabatan yang tidak boleh diisi oleh TKA atau jabatan yang tertutup bagi TKA. Sanksi perdata merupakan sanksi yang terbit dari perjanjian kerja yang dibuat oleh Pemberi Kerja dan Pekerja. Apabila terdapat sengketa maka, dapat diselesaikan di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 498, "width": 399, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedudukan Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018 yang Menentukan RPTKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 520, "width": 344, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai Satu-Satunya Syarat Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 541, "width": 405, "height": 125, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia menganut empat(4) asas perundang-undangan yaitu azas lex superior derogat legi inferior, azas lex specialis derogat legi generalis, azas lex posterior derogat legi priori, asas undang-undang tidak boleh berlaku surut (non- retroaktif) / asas Legalitas. 6 Asas yang pertama atau yang dikenal juga dengan azas hirarki/ Asas lex superior derogat legi inferior yang artinya peraturan yang lebih tinggi mengesampingkan yang rendah ( asas hierark i), Dalam kerangka berfikir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 397, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 5 Moch. Faisal Salam ,Penyelesaian Perselisihan Perburuhan Industrial Di Indonesia (Mandar Maju 2009).[160].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 747, "width": 263, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Maria Farida, Ilmu Perundang-Undangan,( Kanisius 2007).[23].", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "352 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 404, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengenai jenis dan hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan, pasti tidak terlepas dalam benak kita menganai Teori Stuffen Bow karya Hans Kelsen (selanjutnya disebut sebagai ”Teori Aquo”). Hans Kelsen dalam Teori Aquo mambahas mengenai jenjang norma hukum, dimana ia berpendapat bahwa norma-norma hukum itu berjenjang-jenjang dan berlapis-lapis dalam suatu hierarki tata susunan.Yaitu digunakan apabila terjadi pertentangan, dalam hal ini yang diperhatikan adalah hierarkhi peraturan perundang-undangan, misalnya ketika terjadi pertentangan antara Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) dengan Undang-undang, maka yang digunakan adalah Undang-undang karena undang-undang lebih tinggi derajatnya.Teori Aquo semakin diperjelas dalam hukum positif di Indonesia dalam bentuk undang-undang tentang pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 347, "width": 399, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini hirarki peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia menurut ketentuan UU No.12 Tahun 2011 adalah ; ” Jenis dan hierarki Peraturan Perundang-undangan terdiri atas:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 412, "width": 313, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945; 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 434, "width": 230, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 448, "width": 338, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Undang-Undang/Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 462, "width": 121, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Peraturan Pemerintah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 477, "width": 108, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Peraturan Presiden;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 491, "width": 164, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Peraturan Daerah Provinsi; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 506, "width": 179, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 527, "width": 403, "height": 103, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga konsekuensi nya adalah peraturan yang lebih rendah harus sesuai atau mengikuti peraturan diatasnya. Dalam kasus ini peraturan presiden yang terletak pada urutan ke (4) empat dalam hierarki yang berarti Peraturan Presiden tidak boleh kontradiktif dengan peraturan perundang-undangan diatasnya termasuk Undang-Undang/Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 635, "width": 400, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terbitnya Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing yang menggantikan Peraturan Presiden No. 72 tahun 2014 menimbulkan kontroversi dari kalangan masyarakat terutama Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia. Banyak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Tri Jata Ayu Pramesti,’Hierarki Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia’(Hukum Online ,2018)<www.hukumonline.com > accesed 12 Oktober 2018", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "353", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 402, "height": 232, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ditemukan substansi dari Perpres tersebut yang bertentangan dengan Undang- Undang Ketenagakerjaan. Sedangkan secara hierarki, Perpres merupakan Peraturan perundang-undangan yang kedudukannya dibawah Undang-Undang. Selain itu, konten pasal-pasal yang termuat dalam Perpres terbaru juga tidak sesuai dengan tujuan awal dibentuknya Perpres tersebut yaitu untuk menarik minat investor asing untuk melakukan investasi di Indonesia sehingga nanti pada akhirnya diharapkan dapat membuka banyak lapangan pekerjaan di Indonesia dan dapat mengurangi jumlah angka pengangguran yang tergolong relatif besar di Indonesia, namun justru Perpres No. 20 tahun 2018 tersebut mempermudah akses tenaga kerja asing untuk bekerja di Indonesia dan menghilangkan syarat-syarat krusial yang sebelumnya termuat di dalam Perpres No. 72 tahun 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 347, "width": 405, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa substansi Perpres TKA yang mengundang kontroversi dalam masyarakat yaitu pertama , Pasal 9 Perpres TKA yang menyatakan pengesahan RPTKA merupakan izin untuk mempekerjakan TKA. Ketentuan ini dipandang bertentangan dengan Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan dan penjelasannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 404, "height": 145, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 43 ayat (1) menyatakan bahwa pemberi kerja TKA harus memiliki RPTKA yang disahkan oleh menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk. Dalam penjelasannya RPTKA merupakan persyaratan untuk mendapatkan izin kerja TKA 8 yang berarti menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya RPTKA dan IMTA merupakan dua hal yang berbeda. Dalam hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan berdasarkan Pasal 7 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundangundangan (UU PPP), Peraturan Presiden terletak di bawah undang undang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 402, "height": 102, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 7 ayat (2) UU PPP dan penjelasannya menyatakan kekuatan hukum peraturan perundangundangan sesuai dengan hierarki. 9 Penjenjangan setiap jenis peraturan perundang-undangan didasarkan pada asas bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan yang lebih rendah tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan perundangundangan yang lebih tinggi. 10 Dalam hal ini, Perpres TKA sebagai peraturan perundang-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 723, "width": 349, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 9 Philipus M.Hadjon , Argumentasi Hukum( Gadjah Mada University Press 2005).[46].", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 142, "top": 747, "width": 348, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Peter Mahmud Marzuki, An Introduction to Indonesian Law (Setara Press 2011).[45].", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "354 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 404, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "undangan yang lebih rendah dalam hierarki tidak boleh bertentangan dengan undang-undang. Dengan adanya Pasal 9 Perpres TKA berarti pengesahan RPTKA merupakan izin memperkerjakan TKA. Adapun dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan, izin mempekerjakan TKA dan RPTKA diatur dalam pasal yang berbeda. Izin mempekerjakan TKA diatur dalam Pasal 42 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan, sedangkan RPTKA diatur dalam Pasal 43 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 404, "height": 189, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua , Pasal 10 ayat (1) Perpres TKA menyatakan pemberi kerja TKA tidak wajib memiliki RPTKA untuk mempekerjakan TKA yang merupakan direksi atau anggota dewan komisaris pada Pemberi Kerja TKA, pegawai diplomatik dan konsuler pada kantor perwakilan negara asing, dan TKA yang dibutuhkan oleh pemerintah. Pengecualian ini tidak sesuai Pasal 43 ayat (3) UU Ketenagakerjaan yang mengatur pengecualian hanya bagi instansi pemerintah, badan-badan internasional, dan perwakilan negara asing. Pasal 10 ayat (1) Perpres TKA memperluas pengecualian dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan dan mengatur norma baru yang belum diatur dalam UU Ketenagakerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 433, "width": 404, "height": 254, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketiga , Pasal 19 Perpres TKA yang menyatakan pejabat imigrasi pada Perwakilan Republik Indonesia di luar negeri memberikan Vitas paling lama 2 (dua) hari sejak permohonan diterima secara lengkap. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pemberian Vitas selama dua hari sebagai pelonggaran bagi pekerja asing untuk bekerja di Indonesia. Penerbitan Perpres TKA akan menimbulkan dampak positif. Penyederhanaan perizinan TKA akan mendorong meningkatnya investasi di Indonesia dan membuka semakin banyak kesempatan kerja. Namun Perpres TKA juga menimbulkan dampak negatif apabila masih banyak kerancuan dalam implementasinya. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan terganggunya kesejahteraan para pekerja. Hal tersebut bertentangan dengan pasal 27(2) Undang - Undang Dasar 1945 dan peraturan perundang - undangan lainnya yang mengupayakan kesejahteraan pekerja dan harus mendapat penyelesaian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 693, "width": 400, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syarat-syarat menggunakan tenaga kerja asing sesuai yang telah diatur dalam pasal 36 ayat (1) Permenaker 16/2015, TKA yang dipekerjakan oleh pemberi kerja wajib memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "355", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 139, "top": 110, "width": 374, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. memiliki pendidikan yang sesuai dengan syarat jabatan yang akan diduduki oleh TKA;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 138, "width": 377, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. memiliki sertifikat kompetensi atau memiliki pengalaman kerja sesuai dengan jabatan yang akan diduduki TKA paling kurang 5 (lima) tahun;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 167, "width": 376, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. membuat surat pernyataan wajib mengalihkan keahliannya kepada TKI pendamping yang dibuktikan dengan laporan pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 210, "width": 368, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. memiliki NPWP bagi TKA yang sudah bekerja lebih dari 6 (enam) bulan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 225, "width": 379, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. memiliki bukti polis asuransi pada asuransi yang berbadan hukum Indonesia; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 254, "width": 375, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. kepesertaan Jaminan Sosial Nasional bagi TKA yang bekerja lebih dan 6 (enam) bulan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 290, "width": 403, "height": 232, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan catatan pada ayat (2), persyaratan pada huruf a, huruf b, dan huruf c tidak berlaku untuk jabatan anggota Direksi, anggota Dewan Komisaris atau anggota Pembina, anggota Pengurus, dan anggota Pengawas, juga tidak berlaku untuk TKA yang dipekerjakan untuk pekerjaan bersifat darurat dan mendesak (ayat 3). Sementara pesyaratan pada huruf a, huruf b, huruf c, huruf d, dan huruf f tidak berlaku untuk TKA yang dipekerjakan untuk pekerjaan bersifat sementara. Selain itu, ada juga hal yang harus dicatat bahwa menurut pasal 42 ayat (4) UU Ketenagakerjaan, TKA dapat dipekerjakan di Indonesia hanya dalam hubungan kerja untuk jabatan tertentu dan waktu tertentu. Dijelaskan juga pada pasal 46 ayat (1) bahwa TKA dilarang menduduki jabatan yang mengurusi personalia dan/atau jabatan-jabatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 506, "width": 404, "height": 253, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tertentu.Jadi, jika TKA tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang sudah ditetapkan dalam perundang-undangan, TKA tersebut tidak dapat dipekerjakan oleh pemberi kerja. Karena pemberi kerja TKA juga memiliki tanggung jawab, menurut pasal 42 ayat (1) UU Ketenagakerjaan, mereka harus memiliki izin tertulis dari Menteri atau penjabat yang ditunjuk, atau biasa disebut Izin Memperkerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing (IMTA). IMTA ini baru akan diberikan jika persyaratan TKA sudah dipenuhi. Apabila persyaratan TKA tidak terpenuhi, dan karenanya dapat dikatakan pemberi kerja mempekerjakan TKA tanpa izin (IMTA), berarti perusahaan tersebut telah melanggar ketentuan Pasal 42 UU Ketenagakerjaan. Hal tersebut merupakan pelanggaran dan disebutkan pada pasal 185 UU Ketenagakerjaan sebagai tindak pidana kejahatan yang dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "356", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 70, "width": 228, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 399, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau denda paling sedikit Rp 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 400.000.000,00 (empat ratus juta rupiah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 153, "width": 402, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain IMTA, pemberi kerja TKA juga menurut pasal 59 ayat (1) Permenaker No. 16 tahun 2015 wajib melaporkan penggunaan TKA kepada Direktur atau Kepala Dinas Provinsi atau Kepala Dinas Kabupaten/Kota dengan tembusan kepada Dirjen. Laporan tersebut dijelaskan pada ayat (2) meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 239, "width": 379, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. realisasi pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan TKI pendamping di perusahaan secara periodik 6 (enam) bulan sekali;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 268, "width": 163, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. berakhirnya penggunaan TKA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 290, "width": 405, "height": 145, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak awal dari pengajuan Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (RPTKA), pejabat sebelum mensahkan RPTKA tentunya memeriksa apakah TKA yang dipekerjakan memenuhi syarat atau tidak. Pegawai pengawas ketenagakerjaan juga berkewajiban mengawasi penggunaan TKA pada suatu perusahaan. Hal ini diatur dalam pasal 60 Permenakertrans 16/2015 yang berbunyi: “Pengawasan terhadap pemberi kerja TKA dilakukan oleh Pegawai Pengawas Ketenagakerjaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 441, "width": 402, "height": 59, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain menghilangkan IMTA sebagai salah satu syarat mempekerjakan tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia, berikut adalah beberapa perubahan substansi dari Peraturan Presiden No. 72 tahun 14 ke Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 523, "width": 390, "height": 208, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Presiden No. 72 tahun 2014 Peraturan Presiden No.20 tahun 2018 Pemberi Kerja wajib memiliki RPTKA dan mengajukan IMTA untuk Mempekerjakan Tenaga Kerja Asing Pemberi Kerja hanya wajib memiliki RPTKA Tidak diperbolehkan adanya rangkap jabatan Diperbolehkan adanya rangkap jabatan Tenaga Kerja Asing wajib menguasai bahasa Indonesia Tenaga Kerja Asing tidak wajib menguasai bahasa Indonesia Masa berlaku ditentukan Masa berlaku TKA bekerja di Indonesia bergantung pada perjanjian yang dibuat oleh pemberi kerja dan pekerja Tidak memuat sanksi bagi pemberi kerja maupun pekerja yang tidak sesuai aturan yang berlaku Terdapat sanksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "357", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 110, "width": 402, "height": 620, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hadirnya perpres No. 20 tahun 2018 yang menghilangkan IMTA sebagai salah satu syarat mempekerjakan tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia menimbulkan dampak yang cukup signifikan bagi perusahan maupun tenga kerja Indonesia. Tidak adanya IMTA berarti menghapuskan kewajiban pemberi kerja sesuai yang tertulis dalam pasal 42 Undang - Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 yang menyatakan bahwa “Setiap pemberi kerja yang mempekerjakan tenaga kerja asing wajib memiliki izin tertulis dari Menteri atau pejabat yang ditunjuk” dan mengakibatkan hilangnya sanksi pidana yang sebelumnya ada dan tertulis dalam pasal 185 Undang-Undang No. 13 tahun 2003 yang berbunyi “ Barang siapa melanggar ketentuan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 42 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 68, Pasal 69 ayat (2), Pasal 80, Pasal 82, Pasal 90 ayat (1), Pasal 143, dan Pasal 160 ayat (4) dan ayat (7), dikenakan sanksi pidana penjara paling singkat 1 (satu) tahun dan paling lama 4 (empat) tahun dan/ atau denda paling sedikit Rp 100.000.000,00 (seratus juta rupiah) dan paling banyak Rp 400.000.000,00 (empat ratus juta rupiah).” Dengan hanya memiliki RPTKA Perusahaan atau pemberi kerja dapat menggunakan jasa tenaga kerja asing untuk bekerja di Indonesia. Tanpa IMTA juga berarti meghapuskan ketentuan-ketentuan bahwa ada jabatan - jabatan tertentu seperti Direksi dan Komisaris yang tidak boleh diduduki oleh tenaga kerja asing. Melihat banyaknya persyaratan yang ada agar TKA bisa bekerja di Indonesia, bisa dikatakan menumbuhkan rasa kompetisi yang adil antara tenaga kerja Indonesia dan asing, TKI pun dengan ini diharpkan tetap dapat mempertahankan eksistensinya. Dengan adanya Perpres No. 20 tahun 2018 justru membuat persyaratan TKA yang bekerja di Indonesia menjadi semakin longgar sehingga membuka lebih banyak kesempatan untuk tenaga kerja asing yang memiliki kompetensi lebih dan menyingkirkan tenaga kerja Indonesia yang memiliki kemampuan yang relatif rendah untuk bekerja. Disamping itu sanksi yang sebelumnya sudah ditetapkan dalam Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan tidak bisa dijatuhkan karena Perpres No. 20 tahun 2018 menghapuskan kewajiban memiliku IMTA sebagai syarat menggunakan TKA di Indonesia dan memperbolehkan hanya menggunakan RPTKA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "358 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 109, "width": 62, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 131, "width": 402, "height": 297, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada dasarnya, tujuan dibentuknya Peraturan Presiden No. 20 tahun 2018 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing adalah untuk mempermudah prosedur masuknya tenaga kerja asing yang ingin bekerja di Indonesia tanpa melalui proses berbelit. RPTKA yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan dianggap sudah cukup untuk menjadi filter dan tindakan preventif agar jumlah tenaga kerja asing yang bekerja di Indonesia sesuai kebutuhan yaitu Transfer of knowledge dan transfer of technology , namun tanpa adanya campur tangan langsung dari pemerintah atau keterlibatan negara selaku pengendali dalam mengeluarkan izin, sangat mungkin akan membuka peluang yang cukup besar bagi aktor-aktor yang memiliki orientasi bisnis untuk mengambil keuntungan pribadi sebesar- besarnya untuk mempekerjakan tenaga kerja asing demi kepentingan bisnisnya tanpa memikirkan tujuan masuknya tenaga kerja asing di Indonesia sesungguhnya yaitu membantu memajukan tenaga kerja Indonesia agar memiliki kemampuan yang bagus dan siap untuk bekerja sehingga seiring dapat mengurangi angka penggangguran di Indonesia .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 433, "width": 405, "height": 211, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S ecara hierarki peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia sesuai yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang No.12 Tahun 2011 , Peraturan Presiden terletak pada urutan ke empat dalam hierarki, sedangkan Undang-Undang terletak pada urutan kedua. Dalam salah satu asas perundang-undangan di Indonesia yaitu Asas lex superior derogat legi inferior, peraturan perundang-undangan yang derajatnya lebih rendah harus sesuai atau tidak boleh bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada diatasnya. Jadi seharusnya peraturan presiden tidak boleh bertentangan atau tidak sesuai dengan Undang-Undang. Dalam hal ini Peraturan presiden terbaru tentang penggunaan tenaga kerja asing harus sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 671, "width": 75, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Bacaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 692, "width": 28, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buku", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 714, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moch.Faisal, Penyelesaian Perselisihan Perburuhan Industrial Di I n d o n e s i a (Mandar Maju 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 71, "width": 18, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "359", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 109, "width": 392, "height": 17, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peter Mahmud Marzuki , An Introduction to Indonesian Law (Setara Press 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 360, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Philipus M. Hadjon, Argumentasi Hukum (Gadjah Mada University 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 167, "width": 404, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Philipus M.Hadjon .,Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia ( Gadjah Mada University Press1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 210, "width": 320, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indrati,Maria Farida, Ilmu Perundang-Undangan (Kanisius 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 287, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moeljatno, Asas-Aasas Hukum Pidana (Rineka Cipta 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 358, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lanny Ramli, Hukum Ketenagakerjaan (Airlangga University Press 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 297, "width": 268, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tatik Sri Djatmiati, Buku Ajar Hukum Perizinan (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 333, "width": 37, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 354, "width": 404, "height": 60, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Warhan Wirasto Suhaidi. ‘Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Warga Negara Asing di Wilayah kerja Kantor Imigrasi Kelas II Belawan Berdasarkan UUNO.6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian’(2016) 24 Fakultas Hukum Universitas Sulawesi Utara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 433, "width": 26, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 401, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sri Wahju Andjani,’Perizinan Tenaga Kerja Asing Dan Implementasinya di Indonesia’Tesis,(2003).[36].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 505, "width": 37, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 527, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tri J ata Ayu Pramesti,’Hierarki Perundang-Undangan di Indonesia’(Hukum Online 2018)<www.hukumonline.com>accesed 12 November 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 570, "width": 400, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andri Donnal Putra,’Ini data TKA di Indonesia dan Perbandingan dengan TKI di Luar Negeri’(Kompas 2015),<www.kompas.com>accessed 23 April 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 621, "width": 112, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perundang-undangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 642, "width": 360, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang Nomor 3 Tahun 1958 tentang Penempatan Tenaga Asing (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1958 Nomor 8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 686, "width": 399, "height": 30, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2003 Nomor 39, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4356 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 729, "width": 401, "height": 30, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undangNomor 12Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang- Undangan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2011 Nomor 82, Tambahan Lembaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 71, "width": 192, "height": 16, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurist-Diction: Vol. 2 No. 2, Maret 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 70, "width": 285, "height": 17, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "360 Adella Virginia: Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 110, "width": 106, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negara Nomor 5234).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 407, "height": 45, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Presiden Nomor 72 Tahun 2014 tentang Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing Serta Pelaksanaan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Tenaga Kerja Pendamping(Lembaran Negara Tahun 2014 Nomor 162).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 196, "width": 400, "height": 30, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2011 tentang Keimigrasian (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2011 Nomor 52, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 5216).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 399, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keputusan Menteri Nomor 228 Tahun 2003 tentang Tata Cara Pengesahan Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 282, "width": 418, "height": 45, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2004 tentang Penyelesaian Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial (Lembaran Negara tahun 2004 Nomor 6, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 4356).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 354, "width": 399, "height": 19, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HOW TO CITE : Adella Virginia Z, ‘Rencana Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja Asing (RPTKA) sebagai Izin Menggunakan Tenaga Kerja Asing di Indonesia’ (2019) Vol. 2 No. 2 Jurist-Diction.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 77, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGARUH PRENATAL YOGA TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI KECAMATAN PLAJU", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 131, "width": 438, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1* Yuniza, 2 Tasya, 3 Suzanna 1,2,3 Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Institut Teknologi dan Ilmu Kesehatan Muhammadiyah Palembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 172, "width": 151, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "* E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 221, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 246, "width": 499, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tujuan: Kehamilan adalah suatu rangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi apabila sel telur bertemu dengan sel sperma dan akan berkembang menjadi janin yang akan matang. Pada peristiwa kehamilan terjadi perubahan fisik dan psikologis, dari perubahan fisik akan mengakibatkan kecemasan yang akan berdampak buruk bagi janin dan ibu hamil. Untuk menguarangi kecemasan ibu hamil dapat dilakukan ddengan prenatal yoga yaitu suatu olahraga yang berfokus pada pernafasan dan olah tubuh yang gerakannya sudah aman dan nyaman untuk ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Prenatal Yoga terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 347, "width": 499, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode: Jenis penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk Quasy Experiment menggunakan Pre And Post Test One Group Design dengan total sampel sebanyak 35 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen kuesioner PRAQ R2 dan wawancara. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji normalitas S hapiro Wilk , uji univariat dan uji bivariat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 410, "width": 499, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh prenatal yoga terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III dilihat dari nilai dari P value dengan nilai 0,000 yang artinya bahwa nilai tersebut < 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 448, "width": 452, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Simpulan: Ada pengaruh dari latihan Prenatal Yoga terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 473, "width": 281, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: Prenatal yoga, kecemasan, ibu hamil Trimester III", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 524, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 550, "width": 499, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aim: Pregnancy is a series of events that occur when an egg cell meets a sperm cell and will develop into a mature fetus. In the event of pregnancy, phycal and psycological changes occur, from physical changes will result in anxiety which will have a negative impact on the fetus and pregnant women. To reduce the anxiety of pregnant women, it can be dont with prenatal yoga, which is a sport that focuses on breathing and body exercise whose movement are safe and comfortable for pregnant women. This stuudy purposes to determine the effect of Prenatal Yoga on anxiety in third trimester pregnant women.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 638, "width": 499, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Method: This tyype of research was conducted in the form of Quasy Experiment using Pre And Post Test One Grup Design with a total sample of 35 respondents. Data collection using PRAQ R2 questionnaire instruments and interviews. This study used the Shapiro Wilk normality test, univariate test abd bivariate test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 689, "width": 499, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Result: There was an effect of prenatal yoga on anxety in third trimester pregnant women seen from the P value with a value of 0.000 which means that the value is <0.05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 456, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Conclusion: there is an effect of Prenatal Yoga practice on anxiety in third trimester pregnant women.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 102, "width": 298, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: prenatal yoga, anxiety, third trimester pregnant women", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 143, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 168, "width": 239, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kehamilan adalah suatu peristiwa yang sangat penting dan ditunggu tunggu dalam kehidupan seorang wanita dan keluarga. Kehamilan adalah suatu rangkaian peristiwa yang terjadi apabila sel telur (ovum) wanita bertemu dengan sel sperma laki – laki dan berkembang sampai menjadi janin (fetus) yang akan matang (aterm). Pada peristiwa kehamilan ini banyak terjadi perubahan yang besar di dalam tubuh seorang ibu, baik perubahan fisik seperti perubahan bentuk dan berat badan, perubahan biokimia, fisiologis bahkan psikologis yang merupakan konsekuensi dari pertumbuhan janin di dalam rahim ibu 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 237, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perubahan fisik emosional, dan mental dapat membuat wanita menjadi stres hanya karena tidak lagi memegang kendali atas tubuhnya dan merasa khawatir dan takut karena tidak tahu apa yang akan terjadi pada dirinya. Kecemasan adalah rasa takut dan khawatir yang biasa terjadi pada ibu hamil yang akan menghadapi kelahiran 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 499, "width": 237, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kecemasan tidak hanya mengganggu psikologi ibu tetapi dapat berpengaruh pada perkembangan dan pertumbuhan janin dalam kandungan. Dalam kehamilan normal juga memiliki faktor resiko kematian. Faktor resiko tersebut biasanya terjadi pada ibu yang berumur kurang dari 20 tahun atau lebih dari 35 tahun, riwayat penyakit sebelumnya, jarak kehamilan, dan lain sebagainya 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 638, "width": 237, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kecemasan atau rasa cemas adalah salah satu penyebab yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah atau hipertensi. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab Angka Kematian Ibu yang cukup tinggi di Indonesia Kecemasan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 143, "width": 237, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dialami pada saat hamil dapat meningkatkan hormon stress pada ibu hamil sehingga terjadi gangguan aliran darah didalam rahim, serta dapat melemahnya kontraksi otot-otot rahim 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 210, "width": 237, "height": 192, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut data WHO 5 dalam Kuswaningsih 6 menyebutkan sebanyak 536.000 ibu hamil meninggal karena tekanan darah tinggi selama kehamilan. Kejadian ini hampir terjadi di seluruh dunia.Angka kematian ibu (AKI) di Asia Tenggara berjumlah 35 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Hasil laporan WHO tahun 2015 juga menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia angka kematian ibu merupakan yang tertinggi yaitu 420 kasus per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, penyebab kematian ibu di Indonesia adalah lain- lain 40,8%, Perdarahan 30,3%, Hipertensi 27,1%, dan Infeksi 7,3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 417, "width": 237, "height": 179, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data Dinkes SUMSEL 7 menyebutkan jumlah kematian ibu meningkat sebanyak 120 orang dibanding tahun 2017 sebanyak 107 orang. penyebab kematian ibu adalah pendarahan, hipertensi dalam kehamilan , infeksi, gangguan sistem peredaran jantung. kasus kematian ibu berdasarkan penyebabnya adalah sebanyak 46 orang yang meninggal karena pendarahan, 29 orang karena hipertensi dalam kehamilan, 2 orang karena infeksi, 14 orang karena gangguan peredaran darah, 1 orang karena gangguan metabolik, dan 28 orang disebabkan karena penyakit lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 612, "width": 237, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tingkat kecemasan pada ibu dengan kehamilan trimester III dapat diminimalisir menggunakan tindakan nonfarmakologi. Beberapa contoh tindakan nonfarmakologi yang dapat mengurangi rasa cemas dan memberikan rasa nyaman pada ibu hamil trimester III yaitu prenatal yoga, terapi aroma, terapi uap, sentuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 80", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 237, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "teraupetik, dan lain sebagainya. Salah satu teknik non farmakologi untuk mengurangi kecemasan pada ibu hamil selain mudah di peragakan juga dapat dilakukan dirumah yaitu prenatal yoga. Prenatal yoga adalah suatu olahraga yang diperuntukan oleh ibu hamil, yang bermanfaat untuk mengurangi kecemasan dan memberikan rasa nyaman 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 202, "width": 237, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Latihan prenatal yoga bagi kehamilan berfokus pada ritme pernafasan, mengutamakan keamanan serta kenyamanan sehingga memberikan banyak manfaat bagi ibu hamil. Prenatal yoga adalah sejenis olah tubuh , pikiran dan mental ibu yang sangat membantu ibu hamil dalam melenturkan persendian dan menenangkan pikiran terutama pada trimester III. Pada latihan prenatal yoga akan mendapatkan manfaat selama kehamilan yang dapat membantu kelancaran dalam kehamilan dan kelahiran anak secara alami dan sehat. Senam hamil yoga selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan berat lahir dan mengurangi kejadian prematur dan komplikasi persalinan 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 421, "width": 237, "height": 192, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian Mulyati & Zafariyana 1 terdapat pengaruh prenatal yoga dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan ibu hamil primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan di Jasmine MQ Medika Kota Bandung. Pada penelitian Veftisia et al 9 menyatakan dari 15 responden menjawab bahwa yoga dipercaya dapat menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Hal ini juga menyatakan bahwa efektivitas Prenatal Yoga untuk menurunkan kecemasan dan stress pada ibu hamil dimasa pandemi covid-19. Selain itu, Ashari et al. , 12 menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi senam yoga yang dilakukan pada tahap prenatal ibu hamil berpengaruh terhadap turunnya tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 77, "width": 237, "height": 163, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kecemasan pada ibu hamil yang memasuki fase trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Pattingalloang dan Puskesmas Tamalate Kota Makassar. Hasil studi pendahuluan pada tanggal 23 Januari dan 27 Januari 2021 berdasarkan wawancara didapatkan bahwa belum ada kegiatan prenatal yoga dimasa pandemi ini serta untuk fasilitas dan sarana belum cukup memadai Maka dari itu penulis tertarik untuk melakukan sebuah penelitian yang berjudul “Pengaruh Prenatal Yoga dalam menurunkan Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 271, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 298, "width": 245, "height": 315, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada awal bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan April 2021, jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini adalah Quasi Eksperimen merupakan metode yang bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh dan treatment (perlakuan) prenatal yoga dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III. Rancangan penelitian ini Menggunakan Pre And Post Test One Group Design. Dalam penelitian ini untuk mengukur skala tingkat kecemasan ini digunakan instrumen skala PRAQ-R2 (Pregnancy Related Anxiety Quesrionnaire- Revised ) yang terdiri dari 10 item 10 . Tehnik pengambilan pada penelitian ini menggunakan Purposive Sampling yaitu sebanyak 46 responden. Penentuan besaran sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan rumus Isaach dan Michael dari 46 responden menjadi 35 sampel. Lokasi tempat penelitian ini di lakukan di Kecamatan Plaju yaitu BPM Husniyati S.ST Palembang dan dilakukan intervensi prenatal yoga di ruangan Yoga Studio IKesT Muhammadiyah Palembang dan ruang Yoga Studio BPM Husniyati S.ST. Palembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 643, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 671, "width": 502, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 35 responden pada ibu hamil trimester III di Kecamatan Plaju yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 223, "top": 77, "width": 169, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 Karakteristik Responden (n=35)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 109, "top": 125, "width": 370, "height": 174, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Karakteristik Kategori Frekuensi Persentase Usia Beresiko Tidak berisiko 4 31 11.4% 88.6% Pendidikan SD SMP SMA Perguruan Tinggi 1 4 23 7 2.9% 11.4% 65.7% 20.0% Pekerjaan Bekerja Tidak Bekerja 12 23 34.3% 65.7% Paritas Primigravida Multigravida 15 20 42.9% 57.1%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 326, "width": 503, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 diatas dapat dilihat bahwa dari 35 responden, responden yang banyak mengalami kecemasan pada usia 20- 35 tahun dengan jumlah 31 responden (88.6%). Sedangkan responden pada usia <20 tahun dan >35 tahun didapatkkan hasil yang sama yaitu dengan jumlah responden 2 responden (5.7%). Distribusi frekuensi pendidikan responden sebagian besar berpendidikan menengah yaitu 23 responden (65.7%). Berdasarkan pekerjaan, sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak bekerja yaitu 23 responden (65.7%). Distribusi frekuensi paritas ibu hamil sebagian besar sudah lebih dari satu anak yaitu 20 responden (57.1%)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 450, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 464, "width": 352, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Latihan Prenatal Yoga Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 442, "height": 82, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III Variabel Perbedaan Berpasangan t Derajat Kebebasan Sig. Rerata SD 95% CI Lower Upper Kecemasan 2.57143 1.88314 1.92455 3.21831 8.078 34 .000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 577, "width": 500, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 di atas maka nilai dari sig dengan nilai ,000 yang artinya bahwa nilai tersebut < 0,05 dan hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa ada Pengaruh dari latihan prenatal yoga terhadap penurunan kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 646, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 673, "width": 237, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Intervensi prenatal yoga ini dilakukan selama 60 menit . Ibu hamil dituntut untuk bisa melakukan tehnik nafas dalam dan setiap gerakan dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 646, "width": 237, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan benar agar ibu hamil merasakan ketenangan secara psikologi dan juga memberikan kenyamanan pada setiap gerakan dan membantu mengurangi ketegangan pada otot sehingga dapat dirasakan manfaat dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 82", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 237, "height": 232, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "prenatal yoga sepenuhnya . Pada sesi istirahat seringkali diisi dengan sesi tanya jawab santai yang dibuka oleh instruktur. Topik pembicaraan dimulai dari asupan selama kehamilan, seputar peralinan, posisi tidur yang baik. Didalam proses latihan, instruktur memberikan penjelasan mengenai manfaat dari postur-postur yang dilakukan, responden juga dilatih untuk mengendalikan tubuh serta melatih otot-otot persalinan agar lebih lentur dan kuat pada saat mengejan. Informasi yang didapatkan di kelas prenatal yoga, ternyata membuat responden merasa senang dan nyaman serta ingin berlatih prenatal yoga secara rutin dan benar. Selain itu, pembelajaran di kelas juga menjadi bekal apabila ibu merasa nyeri pinggang, punggung, kram kaki pada saat proses persalinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 326, "width": 237, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada saat proses berbincang setelah dilakukan intervensi prenatal yoga, masa kehamilan adalah suatu peristiwa yang sangat penting bagi responden, apalagi bagi mereka yang baru pertama kali mengalami kehamilan. Pada responden dengan kehamilan pertama mereka masih belum mempunyai pengalaman sebelumnya, maka dari itu butuh beberapa waktu untuk responden beradaptasi dengan keadaannya dari mulai perubahan hormon, perubahan fisik dan juga bagaimana dan apa yang akan mereka lakukan,dan bayangan persalinan yang membuat responden merasa cemas akan kehamilannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 237, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada kondisi cemas, responden mengatakan bahwa mereka memiliki bayangan yang tidak menentu akan proses persalinan yang akan mereka hadapi nanti. Muncul rasa tidak yakin akan kondisi kesehatan janin yang responden kandung, dan juga merasa bahwa takut akan proses persalinan secara normal dan apakah proses persalinan akan berjalan dengan selamat dan lancar. Responden juga mengatakan bahwa kondisi fisiknya tidak lagi selincah dan senyaman dulu, membuat responden merasa cepat lelah dan mudah merasa pegal – pegal terutama pada pinggang. Maka responden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 77, "width": 237, "height": 232, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memiliki perasaan yang tidak terkendali. Latihan prenatal yoga yang diberikan pada responden merupakan latihan fisik bagi pasien akan tetapi pada didalam rangkaian latihan prenatal yoga dapat memberikan efek relaksasi, menambah pengetahuan. Latihan fisik ini ternyata membantu responden mengurangi sakit pinggang, punggung kram kaki apabila dilakukan dengan rutin baik ditempat latihan maupun dirumah. Prenatal yoga tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi kehamilan dan kebugaran fisik, tetapi mengikuti kelas prenatal yoga dapat berada dalam lingkungan yang positif dan ibu hamil lainnya yang menjadi bagian dari komunitas dapat memberikan dukungn serta memberi dorongan emosional dan ibu hamil termotivasi untuk terus berolahraga 11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 326, "width": 237, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada prinsipnya, prenatal yoga aman untuk wanita hamil dan bisa dilakukan pada usia kehamilann 18 minggu, tidak ada riwayat komplikasi selama kehamilan, tidak memiliki riwayat kelahiran prematur dan BBLR. Pada wanita dengan riwayat abortus bisa melakukan yoga setelah usia kehamilan lebih dari 20 minggu atau setelah kehamilan membaik 12 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 450, "width": 237, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Latihan prenatal yoga bagi kehamilan berfokus pada ritme pernafasan, mengutamakan keamanan serta kenyamanan sehingga memberikan banyak manfaat bagi ibu hamil. Prenatal yoga adalah sejenis olah tubuh , pikiran dan mental ibu yang sangat membantu ibu hamil dalam melenturkan persendian dan menenangkan pikiran terutama pada trimester III. Pada latihan prenatal yoga akan mendapatkan manfaat selama kehamilan yang dapat membantu kelancaran dalam kehamilan dan kelahiran anak secara alami dan sehat. Senam hamil yoga selama kehamilan dapat meningkatkan berat lahir dan mengurangi kejadian prematur dan komplikasi persalinan 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 671, "width": 237, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Mulyati dan Zafariyana 1 prenatal yoga dalam menurunkan tingkat kecemasan ibu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 46, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Artikel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 721, "width": 492, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, Volume 8 Nomor 2, Juli 2021, p-ISSN 2355-5459, e-ISSN 2684-9712 83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 77, "width": 237, "height": 205, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hamil primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan di Jasmine MQ Medika Kota Bandung. Pada penelitian Venisia 14 menyatakan dari 15 responden menjawab bahwa yoga dipercaya dapat menurunkan kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Hal ini juga menyatakan bahwa efektivitas Prenatal Yoga untuk menurunkan kecemasan dan stress pada ibu hamil dimasa pandemi covid-19. Selain itu, Ashari et al 10 menyimpulkan bahwa intervensi senam yoga yang dilakukan pada tahap prenatal ibu hamil berpengaruh terhadap turunnya tingkat kecemasan pada ibu hamil yang memasuki fase trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Pattingalloang dan Puskesmas Tamalate Kota Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 298, "width": 237, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari beberapa penjelasan dan juga hasil penelitian peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa prenatal yoga memiliki pengaruh dalam mengurangi kecemasan pada ibu hamil Trimester III. Selain itu juga diperlukan proses berbincang dan tanya jawab untuk membuat responden merasa senang dan nyaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 422, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 448, "width": 237, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Karakteristik pada responden sebagian besar adalah usia sehat, tingkat pendidikan menengah dan paritas multigravida serta sebagian besar ibu hamil tidak bekerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 503, "width": 237, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Rata rata pada tingkat kecemasan responden sebelum mengikuti prenatal yoga yaitu didapatkan hasil 21,3 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 544, "width": 237, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Rata rata pada tingkat kecemasan responden sesudah mengikuti prenatal yoga yaitu didapatkan hasil 18,7.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 586, "width": 237, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Terdapat pengaruh prenatal yoga terhadap kecemasan pada ibu hamil trimester III dilihat dari nilai dari P value dengan nilai 0,000 yang artinya bahwa nilai tersebut <", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 641, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0,05.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 320, "top": 77, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 105, "width": 239, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Mulyati, I., & Zafariyana, W. 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[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "119", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 73, "width": 359, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong di Kecamatan Lau Kabupaten Maros", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 155, "top": 136, "width": 285, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rusni Fitri Y. Rusman 1 , Andi Hamdana 2 , Abdullah Sanusi 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 156, "width": 305, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Fakultas Pertanian, Peternakan dan Kehutanan Universitas Muslim Maros", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 145, "top": 168, "width": 305, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Fakultas Pertanian, Peternakan dan Kehutanan Universitas Muslim Maros", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 179, "width": 220, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Hasanuddin [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 454, "height": 195, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Populasi ternak, infrastuktur peternakan dan daya dukung pakan merupakan beberapa kriteria parametrik dalam penentuan sentra peternakan sapi potong. Kecamatan Lau merupakan salah satu kecamatan di Kabupaten Maros yang masih didominasi peternakan rakyat di mana jumlah kepemilikan ternak hanya berkisar 2 hingga 5 ekor. Kepemilikan dan peternakan sapi potong masih merupakan usaha sampingan di mana bertani sawah padi merupakan pekerjaan utama masyarakat. Dalam upaya mengoptimalkan peternakan sapi potong perlu diketahui kekurangan dan kelebihan serta peluang dan ancaman yang dihadapi peternak dalam menjalankan usaha peternakan sapi potong. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja ( purposive sampling ) yang didasarkan bahwa daerah tersebut merupakan salah satu pengembangan sapi potong. Penentuan sampel akan dilakukan secara acak ( random sampling ) terhadap petani dan snowballing sampling terhadap stakeholders yang terkait dengan peternakan sapi potong dalam hal ini pemerintah daerah selaku pengambil kebijakan dan para pelaku usaha. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa skor matriks IFE adalah 1,43 dan EFE adalah 1,66 di mana kedua titik ini berada pada kuadran 1 matriks SWOT. Dalam penentuan strategi terdapat 3 alternatif strategi S-O, 4 alternatif W-O serta strategi S-T dan W-T masing-masing 2. Alternatif strategi yang dihasilkan mendukung pada strategi yang agresif dalam mendorong pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau Kabupaten Maros.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Sapi Potong; Matriks IFE&EFE; Analisis SWOT; Kabupaten Maros", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 459, "width": 454, "height": 183, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract : Livestock population, infrastructure and feed carrying capacity are some of the parametric criteria in determining the center of beef cattle farming. Lau Subdistrict is one of the sub-districts in Maros Regency which is still dominated by smallholder farms where the number of livestock ownership ranges from only 2 to 5 cattle. Ownership and beef cattle farming is still a side business where rice farming is the main job of the community. In an effort to optimize beef cattle breeding, it is necessary to know the advantages and disadvantages as well as the opportunities and threats faced by farmers in running a beef cattle business. The location selection was carried out purposively based on the fact that the area is one of the development of beef cattle. Random sampling technique is used in determining which farmers are questioned and snowballing sampling to stakeholders related to beef cattle farming, in this case the local government as policy makers and business actors. The results indicate that the IFE matrix score is 1.43 and EFE is 1.66 where these two points are in quadrant 1 of the SWOT matrix. In determining the strategy, there are 3 alternatives S-O strategies, 4 W-O alternatives and S-T and W-T strategies respectively 2. The goals of alternative strategies support an aggressive strategy in encouraging the development of beef cattle business in Lau District, Maros Regency . Keywords : Beef Cattle; IFE & EFE Matrix; SWOT Analysis; Maros Regency", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 686, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Industri sapi potong memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan asupan protein masyarakat Indonesia. Kebutuhan daging sapi dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat seiring dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk serta kesadaran akan kecukupan protein sedangkan sebagian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "120", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "besar budidaya ternak sapi potong masih dilakukan secara tradisional. Lebih dari 90% usaha peternakan sapi potong di Indonesia masih berskala kecil dengan model peternakan rakyat, modal lemah serta masih bersifat usaha sampingan (Yusdja & Ilham, 2006). Padahal jika dilihat dari pangsa konsumsi, usaha ternak sapi potong memiliki potensi yang dapat meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi peternak dengan meningkatkan produksi untuk menutupi volume impor sapi potong dan produk olahannya yang mencapai 600-700 ekor/tahun (Mayulu dkk, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 454, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Maros adalah salah satu daerah yang masuk menjadi proritas pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong di Sulawesi Selatan. Kabupaten Maros merupakan salah satu sentra pengembangan sapi potong selain Kabupaten Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 454, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pinrang, Sidrap, Sinjai dan Wajo yang memiliki daya dukung pakan yang cukup untuk pengembangan usaha ini. Walaupun ditunjang dengan berbagai aspek, seperti daya dukung pakan dan bibit unggul, populasi ternak di Kabupaten Maros mengalami penurunan hingga 5 %. Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Maros (2018), populasi ternak besar di tahun 2016 adalah 83.619 ekor sedangkan di tahun 2017 mengalami penurunan menjadi 80.540 ekor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 404, "width": 454, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Usaha peternakan sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau umumnya masih didominasi oleh peternakan rakyat di mana jumlah kepemilikan ternak hanya berkisar 2 hingga 5 ekor saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini dikarenakan beternak sapi potong bukan merupakan usaha utama mereka melainkan bertani sehingga cara pengelolaan usaha ternak sapi potong ini masih dilakukan dalam skala kecil dan berpencar-pencar. Permasalahan lain yang dihadapi adalah peternak masih cenderung melakukan pengembangbiakan ternak sapi dengan pola tradisional (kawin alam) sehingga penggunaan teknologi Inseminasi Buatan (IB) masih kurang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 549, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Potensi sumber daya alam dan sumber daya manusia di Kecamatan Lau cukup potensial dikembangkan dengan adanya pasar hewan dan letak geografis yang strategis karena akses ke Makassar sebagai Ibu Kota Provinsi cukup dekat. Melihat kondisi tersebut, maka daerah ini masih mempunyai peluang untuk dilakukan pengembangan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dapat mengidentifikasi beberapa masalah disertai faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal apa saja yang mempengaruhi pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau lalu memilih strategi yang tepat bagi peternak dalam menjalankan usaha ternak sapi potong", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 737, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "121", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 233, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1. Tinjauan Umum Ternak Sapi Potong", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 454, "height": 179, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis sapi potong yang banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah sapi bali yang merupakan ternak sapi potong andalan Indonesia. Sapi bali merupakan sapi hasil keturunan dari sapi liar yang sudah mengalami proses yang cukup lama. Sapi bali memiliki bulu halus, pendek-pendek dam mengkilap. Pada saat muda warna bulunya yang coklat akan berubah menjadi hitam. Sapi bali dapat mencapai bobot badan jantan dewasa 350-400 kg dan betina dewasa antara 250-300 kg. Hewan ini memiliki persentase karkas yang kadar lemaknya sedikit serta perbandingan tulang sangat rendah. Selama ini sapi potong dijual untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar local seperti rumah tangga, hotel, restaurant, indutrsi pengolahan daging serta pasar atau pulau terutama untuk pasar kota-kota besar (Utari, 2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 289, "width": 454, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Mariyono et al (2010) bahwa sapi potong merupakan salah satu komponen usaha yang cukup berperan dalam agribisnis pedesaan, utamanya dalam sistem integrase dengan subsektor pertanian lainnya, sebagai rantai biologis dan ekonomis sistem usaha tani. Terkait dengan penyediaan pupuk, maka sapi dapat berfungsi sebagai “pabrik kompos”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 371, "width": 454, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seekor sapi dapat menghasilkan kotoran sebanyak 8-10 kg/hari yang apabila diproses akan menjadi 4-5 kg pupuk organik. Potensi pupuk organic ini diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk mempertahankan kesuburan lahan, melalui siklus unsur hara secara sempurna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peternakan sapi potong merupakan suatu industri di bidang agribisnis dengan rantai kegiatannya tidak hanya terbatas pada kegiatan on farm tetapi juga meluas hingga kegiatan di hulu dan hilir sebagai unit bisnis pendukungnya. Di hulu, produksi bibit, pakan, sapronak merupakan kegiatan besar yang sangat mendukung tercapainya produktivitas sapi potong yang hebat sementara di hilir penanganan pascapanen memegang peranan yang sangat kuat untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan nilai tambah ( value added ) bagi daging sapi. Kegiatan- kegiatan tersebut perlu dilakukan secara integritas agar terbentuk sistem industri peternakan sapi potong yang kuat (Rianto dan Purbowati, 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2. Strategi Pengembangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Tafakrenanto et al (2016) menyatakan bahwa sentra peternakan sapi potong Nasional merupakan potensi untuk pengembangan kawasan peternakan sapi potong Nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 454, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sentra peternakan sapi potong Nasional ditentukan secara parametrik dengan pembobotan terhadap : daya dukung pakan, populasi ternak, infrastruktur peternakan, status penyakit ternak, rumah tangga peternak, kelembagaan peternakan dan dukungan masterplan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "122", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dukungan pemerintah daerah terhadap pengembangan peternakan menjadi pertimbangan dalam menentukan sentra peternakan. Dukungan pemerintah daerah antara lain berupa masterplan/renaksi peternakan. Hal ini menunjukkan pemerintah daerah tersebut serius dalam mengelola pengembangan peternakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 155, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan sapi potong memerlukan pengelompokan basis wilayah yang disesuaikan dengan daya dukung ( carrying capacity ) sebagai model pengembangan ke depan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 454, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada umumnya daerah yang menjadi produsen utama daging di Indonesia berupa usaha penggemukan selain pembibitan dengan pola intensif dengan basis pengembangan usaha difokuskan pada industri hilir. Potensi pakan terintegrasi dengan tanaman pangan, perkebunan dan kehutanan dan sudah mengarah pada usaha semikomersial. Pemetaan wilayah pengembangan usaha (sumber pertumbuhan baru) dengan pola pembibitan maupun penggemukan diperlukan untuk mendukung peningkatan populasi ternak. Selain itu, area penggembalaan, sumber daya manusia, teknologi tepat guna, sarana pendukung dan potensi pasar merupakan aspek yang menjadi pertimbangan (Priyanto, 2011)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 378, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3. Analisis SWOT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 406, "width": 454, "height": 220, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis SWOT adalah identifikasi berbagai faktor secara sistematis untuk merumuskan strategi suatu usaha (organisasi). Analisis ini didasarkan pada kenyataan atau logika yang dapat memaksimalkan kekuatan (strength) dan kelemahan (weakness) namun secara bersamaan dapat menimbulkan peluang (opportunity) dan ancaman (threat). Analisis SWOT adalah metode perencenaan strategis yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kekuatan (strengths), kelemahan (weakness), peluang (oppurtunities) dan ancaman (threats) dalam suatu proyek atau suatu spekulasi bisnis. Keempat faktor itulah yang membentuk akronim SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities dan threats). Proses ini melibatkan penentuan tujuan yang spesifik dari spekulasi bisnis atau proyek dan mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal yang mendukung dan yang tidak dalam mencapai tujuan tersebut (Rangkuti, 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 633, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan dalam metode skoring adalah : a) menentukan faktor-faktor internal atau eksternal dalam kolom1, b0 hitung rating (dalam kolom 1 dijumlahkan kemudian dibagi jumlah total keseluruhan) untuk masing-masing faktor dengan memberikan skala mulai dari 1 (sangat kurang) dampai dengan 6 (sangat baik), berdasarkan pengaruh faktor tersebut terhadap kondisi wilayah yang bersangkutan, c) hitung bobot (dalam kolom 1 dijumlahkan kemudian dibagi jumlah total keseluruhan) untuk masing-masing faktor dengan memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "123", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "skala mulai 1 (tidak penting) sampai dengan 4 (sangat penting) berdasarkan penilaian urgensi penanganan pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong, (semua bobot tersebut jumlahnya tidak boleh melebihi skor total 1,00), d) Hitung rata-rata tertimbang kelemahan (weakness) untuk mendapatkan nilai (x) (Purnomo et al, 2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 171, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 454, "height": 137, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deksriptif di mana pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada dan dilakukan dalam bentuk survei dan wawancara. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik porpusive sampling. Jenis data yang digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder sedangkan sumber data berasal dari internal dan eksternal Dinas Pertanian dan Ketahanan Pangan Bidang Peternakan Kabupaten Maros. Data tersebut diperoleh melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, kuisioner dan studi pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 358, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis SWOT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis SWOT merupakan alat yang dgunakan dalam mengembangkan strategi yang efektif. Terdapat 4 komponen strategi SWOT [9] yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 420, "width": 436, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Strategi SO, strategi yang mengoptimalkan faktor kekuatan dan memanfaatkan peluang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 461, "width": 422, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Strategi ST, strategi yang mengoptimalkan faktor kekuatan dan mengatasi ancaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 482, "width": 436, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Strategi WO, strategi yang memanfaatkan faktor peluang dan meminimalkan kelemahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 523, "width": 436, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Strategi WT, strategi yang bersifat defensive dan berupaya meminimalkan kelemahan serta menghindari ancaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 253, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam analisis data adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 585, "width": 436, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Analisis IFE (Internal Factor Evaluation) dan EFE (External Factor Evaluation) yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 627, "width": 436, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Matriks SWOT (Strengths-Weakness Opportunities-Threats) digunakan untuk merumuskan alternative strategi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 107, "top": 691, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 429, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1. Analisis Matriks IFE ( Internal Factor Evaluation ) dan EFE ( External Factor Evaluation ) Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong di Kecamatn Lau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "124", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 197, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis IFE dan EFE dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal pada peternakan sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau. Untuk mendapatkan hasil identifikasi tersebut dilakukan dengan menanyakan beberapa poin pertanyaan kepada peternak dan stakeholder di daerah tersebut. Identifikasi tersebut termasuk di dalamnya mengenai manajemen pemeliharaan ternak sapi potong, pakan ternak, reproduksi dan penanganan kesehatan serta pemasaran sapi potong. Hasil dari identifikasi tersebut kemudian ditempatkan pada kolom-kolom yang ada pada penialian analisis SWOT yaitu kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang serta ancaman. Untuk mengetahui hasil dari skor tiap faktor strategi eksternal dan internal tersebut maka dilakukan perhitungan rating dan bobot seperti yang ditampilkan pada tabel-tabel di bawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 . Matriks IFE Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 303, "width": 452, "height": 201, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Strenghts (S) Bobot Rating Skor 1 Kemudahan dalam pemberian pakan 0,27 5 1,36 2 Adanya pencatatan reproduksi 0,18 3 0,55 3 Biaya Modal relatif rendah 0,27 3 0,82 4 Kemudahan pemasaran ternak 0,27 4 1,09 Total Strenghts 1,00 3,82 No Weaknesses (W) Bobot Rating Skor 1 Usaha ternak sapi potong sebagai usaha sampingan 0,23 3 0,69 2 Pendidikan peternak yang masih relatif rendah 0,15 3 0,46 3 Kurangnya jumlah sapi yang diternakkan 0,23 2 0,46 4 Kurangnya minat beternak 0,23 2 0,46 5 Penyakit hewan (cacingan) 0,15 2 0,31 Total Weakness 1,00 2,38", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 507, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "X = Stregnhts – Weakness = 3,82 – 2,38 = 1,43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 521, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer, 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 540, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 diketahui bahwa ada empat faktor kekuatan dan ada lima faktor kelemahan dalam identifikasi IFE atau faktor internal pada usaha ternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau. Di mana total skor faktor Kekuatan ( Strengths ) adalah 3,82 dan total skor faktor Kelemahan ( Weakness ) adalah 2,38 sehingga hasil selisih antara kekuatan dan kelemahan bernilai positif 1,43. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor kekuatan yang dimiliki usaha ternak potong lebih besar dibandingkan kelamahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Matriks EFE Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 685, "width": 466, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Oppurtunities (O) Bobot Rating Skor 1 Pemberian obat-obatan dan vaksin gratis dari pemerintah 0,27 4 1,09 2 Pengecekan kebuntingan dan inseminasi buatan 0,27 4 1,09 3 Penyuluhan peternakan 0,18 3 0,55 4 Infrastruktur yang memadai 0,27 5 1,36", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "125", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 79, "width": 465, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Total Opportunities 1,00 4,09 No Treaths (T) Bobot Rating Skor 1 Adanya alih fungsi lahan untuk pertanian 0,43 3 1,29 2 Keterbatasan tenaga kerja 0,29 2 0,57 3 Persaingan dengan usaha lainnya (padi) 0,29 2 0,57 Total Treaths 1,00 2,43", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 174, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = Opportunities – Treaths = 4,09 – 2,43 = 1,66", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 188, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Data Primer, 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 207, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 2 diatas diketahui bahwa ada empat faktor Peluang dan ada 3 faktor Ancaman dalam identifikasi EFE atau faktor eksternal pada usaha ternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau. Di mana total skor faktor Peluang ( Opportunities ) adalah 4,09 dan total skor faktor Ancaman ( Treaths ) adalah 2,43 sehingga hasil selisih antara kekuatan dan kelemahan bernilai positif 1,66. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor peluang yang dimiliki usaha ternak potong lebih besar dibandingkan ancamannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2. Matriks SWOT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 366, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan perhitungan pada tabel IFE dan EFE maka hasil rata-rata dari kedua tabel tersbut akan digambarkan pada grafik analisis SWOT serta dijabarkan pada anaaliss matriks SWOT di bawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 469, "width": 273, "height": 239, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuadran 3 Kuadran 1 (X;1,43,Y;1,66) Kuadran 4 Kuadran 2 Gambar 1. Kuadran Analisis SWOT", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Gambar 1 memperlihatkan bahwa hasil dari IFE (X) dan EFE (Y) berada pada kuadran 1. Di mana hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha ternak sapi potong memliki kombinasi kekuatan dan peluang yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan kedepannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 443, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opportunities (O)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 545, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Weakness (W)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 284, "top": 653, "width": 55, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Threats (T)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 449, "top": 545, "width": 68, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strenghts (S)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "126", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 437, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Analisis Matriks SWOT Pengembangan Usaha Ternal Potong di Kecamatan Lau Kabupaten Maros", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 113, "width": 88, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor -Faktor Internal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 113, "width": 470, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor – Faktor Eksternal Strenghts (S) 1. Kemudahan dalam pemberian pakan 2. Adanya pencatatan reproduksi 3. Biaya modal realtif rendah 4. Kemudahan pemasaran ternak Weaknesses (W) 1. Usaha ternak sapi potong sebagai usaha sampingan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 391, "top": 169, "width": 156, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pendidikan peternak yang masih relatif rendah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 391, "top": 196, "width": 156, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kurangnya jumlah sapi yang diternakkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 391, "top": 224, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kurangnya minat beternak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 461, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Penyakit ternak (cacingan) Opportunities (O) 1. Pemberian obat-obatan dan vaksin gratis dari pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 143, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pengecekan kebuntingan dan inseminasi buatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 362, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penyuluhan peternakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 476, "height": 301, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Infrastruktur yang memadai Strategi S – O 1. Memaksimalkan potensi lahan dalam pemberian pakan produktif dan lokasi penggembalaan 2. Memberikan informasi mengenai harga jual ternak dan pasar potensial yang menguntungkan 3. Memberikan layanan inseminasi buatan terhadap betina-betina produktif Strategi W – O 1. Memberikan pelatihan dalam pengelolaan manajemen ternak sapi potong 2. Meningkatkan jumlah anakan sapi dengan menambah frekuensi kelahiran melalui IB 3. Memnbuat penyuluhan khusus terkait penyakit hewan (cacingan) 4. Menjadikan usaha ternak sapi sebagai usaha utama yang menjanjikan Treaths (T) 1. Keterbatasan tenaga kerja 2. Persaingan dengan usaha lainnya (padi)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 487, "width": 557, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Adannya alih fungsi lahan untuk pertanian Strategi S – T 1. Meningkatkan efektifitas penggunaan lahan untuk ternak sapi potong 2. Kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan produktivitas usaha ternak potong Strategi W – T 1. Memperkuat peran kelompok ternak lokal 2. Mendorong kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengembanagn usaha ternak sapi potong 1.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 632, "width": 454, "height": 115, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel menunjukkan beberapa empat strategi yang didapatkan yang merupakan hasil dari gabungan faktor internal dan eksternal. Strategi S-O ( Strength-Opportunity ) merupakan strategi yang menggunakan kekuatan sebagai faktor internal untuk memnafaatkan peluang yang ada. Strategi yang didapatkan yaitu dengan memaksimalkan potensi lahan, memberikan informasi mengenai harga jual ternak serta memberikan layanan inseminasi buatan terhadap betina-betina produktif. Purnomo (2017) menjelaskan bahwa pemnafaatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "127", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "lahan dalam sistem tanaman-ternak dapat dilakukan dalam pengembangan pakan serta mengefektifkan jaringan pemasaran dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 454, "height": 177, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strategi W-O ( Weakness-Opprtunity ) merupakan strategi yang menggunakan peluang yang ada untuk meminimalkan kelemahan. Beberapa alternatif strategi yaitu memberikan pelatihan dalam pengelolaan manajemen ternak sapi potong, meningkatkan jumlah anakan sapi dengan menambah frekuensi kelahiran melalui IB, membuat penyuluhan khusus terkait penyakit cacingan serta menjadikan usaha ternak sapi sebagai usaha utama yang menjanjikan. Berdasarkan data responden, mayoritas responden/peternak hanya berpendidikan sekolah dasar dengan keterampilan minim mengenai pengelolaan manajemen ternak sapi potong. Karim (2019) pelatihan bagi pekerja dibutuhkan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan bagi pemilik usaha atau tenaga kerja yang rata-rata berpendidikan sekolah dasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 454, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strategi S-T ( Strenght-Threat ) merupakan strategi yang mengandalkan kekuatan untuk menutup kemungkinan ancaman yang dapat mengganggu perkembangan potensi usaha ternak sapi potong. Alternatif strategi yang bisa ditempuh yaitu dengan meningkatkan efektifitas penggunaan lahan untuk ternak sapi potong serta membangun kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah dalam meningkatkan produktivitas usaha ternak sapi potong. Hal ini sesuai dengan pemaparan Rusnan et al (2015) bahwa produktivitas ternak adalah rata-rata bobot badan ternak berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelamin. Produktivitas ternak di pengaruhi oleh 70% faktor lingkungan dan faktor genetik sekitar 30%. Di mana faktor lingkungan tersebut, aspek pakan mempunyai pengaruh paling besar yaitu sekitar 60%, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa walaupun potensi genetik ternak itu tinggi, tetapi pakan mutunya tidak diperhatikan maka produktivitas yang optimal tidak akan tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 454, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Strategi W-T ( Weakness-Threat ) merupakan strategi pertahanan di mana kelemahan dan ancaman memberikan hambatan baik internal maupun eksternal bagi pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong. Strategi yang mungkin bisa dilakukan yaitu dengan memperkuat peran lembaga peternakan terutama kelompok tani ternak serta mendorong kebijakan pemerintah dalam pengembangan usaha ternak sapi potong di Kecamatan Lau. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Hajirin (2017) bahwa kelembagaan menunjang keberhasilan pengembangan usaha ternak potong dengan adanya transfer ilmu pengetahuan diantara anggota kelompok. Fasilitas pendukung berupa poskeswan seharusnya dimanfaatkan dengan baik serta daya dukung 24 instansi yang membidangi peternakan dan kesehatan hewan pada ingkat regional Sulawesi Selatan juga memanfaatkan asosiaso bidang sapi potong ditingkat nasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "128", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 75, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan diskusi di atas diketahui bahwa hasil matriks IFE dan EFE bernilai positif di mana pada grafik analisis SWOT kedua titik menunjukkan posisi pada kuadran 1 yang merupakan gabungan opportunity dan strenght . Beberapa rekomendasi strategis lahir dari hasil analisis matriks SWOT yaitu berupa peningkatan produktivitas lahan dan ternak, informasi pasar, pelatihan manajemen usaha ternak sapi potong serta dukungan pemerintah dalam hal pelatihan, penyuluhan, pemuliaan ternak/Inseminasi Buatan (IB) serta pemberian fasilitas obat-obatan dan vaksin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 256, "width": 113, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 272, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat DIKTI yang telah membiayai penelitian ini pada skema Penelitian Dosen Pemula (PDP) serta dukungan LPPM Universitas Muslim Maros.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 355, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 382, "width": 434, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Badan Pusat Statistik. (2018). Statistik Daerah Kabupaten Maros. Katalog. 1101002.7308", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 410, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hajirin. (2017). Strategi Pengembangan Sapi Potong di Wilayah Pengembangan Sapi Bali Kabupaten Barru. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karim, I., et al. (2019). Optimalisasi Pengembangan Produk Core Competence pada Usaha Wajik Lokal Mandar sebagai Alternatif Pendapatan. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika, Vol 16 No 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 73, "top": 506, "width": 453, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyono et al. (2010). Rekomendasi Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner Mendukung Program Swasembada Daging Sapi (PSDS). Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mayulu, H., Sunarso, Sutrisno, I., Sumarsono. (2010). Kebijakan Pengembangan Peternakan Sapi Potong di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 29 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 603, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rangkuti, F. (2009). Analisis SWOT; Teknik Membedah Kaukus Bisnis. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 644, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rianto, E dan Purbowati, E. (2009). Panduan Lengkap Sapi Potong. Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rusnan H,Kaunang Ch.L, Tulung YL.R. (2015). Analisis Potensi dan Starategi Pengembangan Sapi Potong dengan Pola Intergrasi kelapa-Sapi di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan Provinsi Maluku Utara. Jurnak Zootek; 35(2): 187-200", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen dan Informatika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 505, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "129", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Priyanto, D. (2011). Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong dalam Mendukung Program Swasembada Daging Sapid an Kerbau Tahun 2014. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 30 (3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 128, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purnomo, et al. (2017). Strategi Pengembangan Peternakan Sapi Potong Rakyat di Kecamatan Wuryontoro Kabupaten Wonogiri. Buletin Peternakan Vol. 41 (4) : 484- 494", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tafakresnanto, C. et al. (2016). Atlas Peta Potensi Pengembangan Kawasan Sapi Potong Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Kementrian Pertanian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Utari, R.T. (2015). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong pada Berbagai Skala Kepemilikan di Desa Samangki Kecamatan Simbang Kabupaten Maros. Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yusdja, Y. dan Ilham, N. (2006). Arah Kebijakan Pembangunan Peternakan Rakyat. Pusat analisis social ekonomi dan kebijakan pertanian. Analisis Kebijakan Pertanian 4 : 18- 38", "type": "List item" } ]

[ { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 105, "width": 397, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa materi bangun datar berdasarkan pemecahan masalah IDEAL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 148, "width": 215, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Lina Indriyani, 2 Fika Widya Pratama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 161, "width": 354, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2 Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika FKIP, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 195, "width": 44, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 207, "width": 371, "height": 264, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan pemecahan masalah adalah kemampuan yang penting untuk dikembangkan dan harus dimiliki siswa dalam mempelajari matematika. Namun, kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa di Indonesia masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMP pada materi bangun datar berdasarkan tahapan pemecahan masalah IDEAL (I - Identify problems, D - Define goals, E - Explore possible strategies, A - Anticipate outcomes and act, dan L - Look back and learn). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 3 siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Bergas semester 2 tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dengan hasil belajar tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Subjek dengan hasil belajar tinggi telah mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal materi bangun datar. (2) Subjek dengan hasil belajar sedang telah mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal materi bangun datar. (3) Subjek dengan hasil belajar rendah belum mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal materi bangun datar. Subjek dengan hasil belajar rendah hanya mampu melakukan tahap identify problems dan define goals, subjek melakukan kesalahan pada tahap ketiga, yaitu tahap explore possible strategies sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan pada tahapan selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 471, "width": 371, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Bangun Datar; Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah; Pemecahan Masalah IDEAL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 519, "width": 47, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 531, "width": 372, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problem solving abilities are important abilities to be developed and must be possessed by students in learning mathematics. However, the problem solving abilities of students in Indonesia are still low. The purpose of this study was to describe the problem solving abilities of junior high school students on flat- shape materials based on the stages of solving IDEAL problems (I - Identify problems, D - Define goals, E - Explore possible strategies, A - Anticipate outcomes and act, and L - Look back and learn). This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study were selected using purposive sampling technique and obtained 3 grade VIII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Bergas semester 2 of the 2020/2021 academic year with high, medium, and low learning outcomes. The results showed that: (1) Subject with high learning outcomes have been able to carry out the five stages of solving IDEAL problems in solving flat-shape problems. (2) Subject with moderate learning outcomes have been able to carry out the five stages of IDEAL problem solving in solving flat shape problems. (3) Subject with low learning outcomes have not been able to carry out the five stages of IDEAL problem solving in solving flat shape problems. Subject with low learning outcomes are only able to identify", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 105, "width": 372, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "problems and define goals, subject made mistakes in the third stage, namely the explore possible strategies stage, causing errors in the next stage.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 141, "width": 348, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Flat-shape; Problems Solving Ability; IDEAL Problems Solving", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 429, "height": 201, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) menyebutkan bahwa ada lima standar proses dalam pembelajaran matematika, salah satunya yaitu pemecahan masalah (NCTM, 2000). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 21 Tahun 2016 juga menyebutkan bahwa salah satu kompetensi yang akan dicapai pada pembelajaran matematika adalah menunjukkan sikap tidak mudah menyerah dalam memecahkan masalah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan yang penting untuk dikembangkan dan harus dimiliki siswa. Pehkonen (1997) menyampaikan alasan pentingnya mengajarkan pemecahan masalah kepada siswa, yaitu (1) pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan keterampilan kognitif; (2) pemecahan masalah dapat menumbuhkan kreativitas; (3) pemecahan masalah menjadi bagian dari proses penerapan matematika; dan (4) pemecahan masalah memotivasi siswa untuk belajar matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 429, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan pemecahan masalah merupakan kemampuan menciptakan ide-ide baru berkaitan dengan penyelesaian masalah dengan menekankan strategi yang tepat untuk menemukan jawaban yang tepat (Aisyah dkk., 2018). Kemampuan pemecahan masalah ialah kemampuan mengaplikasikan ilmu yang dimiliki pada situasi baru yang melibatkan proses berpikir tingkat tinggi (Ulya, 2016). Jadi, kemampuan pemecahan masalah adalah kemampuan menemukan solusi dari suatu permasalahan dengan menerapkan pengetahuan yang dimilikinya menggunakan langkah- langkah yang tepat untuk menemukan jawaban benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 429, "height": 201, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun, dibalik pentingnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah, justru kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Hasil Ujian Nasional (UN) matematika tahun 2019 untuk jenjang Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) menunjukkan rata-rata nilai siswa sebesar 46,56 yang termasuk dalam kategori kurang dengan standar deviasi sebesar 17,1 (Puspendik Kemdikbud). Selain itu, Hadi dan Novaliyosi (2019) menyebutkan bahwa hasil penelitian Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) di bidang matematika menempatkan Indonesia pada tingkat rendah, tahun 2007 Indonesia berada di peringkat 36 dari 49 negara, tahun 2011 Indonesia berada di peringkat 38 dari 42 negara, serta tahun 2015 Indonesia berada di peringkat 44 dari 49 negara, rata-rata skor yang diperoleh secara berurutan adalah 397, 386, dan 397 dengan rata-rata skor internasional mencapai 500. Survey Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) pada tahun 2018 di bidang matematika juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "201", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 429, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menempatkan Indonesia pada tingkat rendah dengan peringkat 72 dari 78 negara (OECD, 2019). Dari fakta ini, guru mestinya mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswanya agar dapat membantu siswa mengembangkan kemampuan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 429, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu materi matematika pada jenjang SMP yang berkaitan dengan pemecahan masalah dalam kehidupan sehari-hari adalah bangun datar. Bangun datar dipelajari di kelas VII semester 2 dan menjadi materi prasyarat untuk mempelajari materi selanjutnya, salah satunya materi bangun ruang. Sehingga, penting bagi siswa untuk menguasai materi ini agar dapat memahami materi selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 429, "height": 187, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa ahli telah mengemukakan metode pemecahan masalah. Salah satunya yaitu pemecahan masalah IDEAL yang dikenalkan oleh Bransford dan Stein (1984). Pemecahan masalah IDEAL memiliki 5 tahapan, yaitu identify problems (identifikasi masalah) , define goals (mendefinisikan tujuan) , explore possible strategies (eksplorasi strategi yang mungkin) , anticipate outcomes and act (antisipasi hasil dan tindakan) , dan look back and learn (melihat kembali dan belajar) (Bransford dan Stein, 1984:11-12) . Lima tahapan ini telah disusun secara rinci sehingga dapat mempermudah analisis langkah pemecahan masalah siswa (Indriyani dkk., 2018). Menurut Yanti dan Syazali (2016), metode pemecahan masalah IDEAL ialah kegiatan pembelajaran dengan cara melatih siswa menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap suatu materi secara konseptual dan prosedural.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 429, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap siswa memiliki hasil belajar yang berbeda-beda. Hasil belajar adalah hasil yang diberikan kepada siswa berupa penilaian setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan menilai pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan siswa dengan adanya perubahan tingkah laku (Nurrita, 2018). Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini siswa akan dikelompokkan berdasarkan kategori hasil belajarnya. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tingkat kemampuan siswa akan menghasilkan perbedaan juga pada kemampuan pemecahan masalahnya, seperti penelitian Putra dkk. (2018) dan Indriyani dkk. (2018). Putra meneliti kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa SMP materi bangun ruang, sedangkan Indriyani meneliti proses pemecahan masalah operasi aljabar siswa SMP berdasarkan tahapan IDEAL ditinjau dari kemampuan matematika. Keduanya menyatakan bahwa siswa memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda-beda dalam tahapan pemecahan masalah. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa SMP pada materi bangun datar berdasarkan tahapan pemecahan masalah IDEAL.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "202", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 125, "width": 429, "height": 331, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan subjek dengan pertimbangan tertentu (Sugiyono, 2012:85) . Subjek dipilih dari 35 siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Bergas semester 2 tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang telah memperoleh materi bangun datar, bersedia menjadi subjek, serta memiliki kemampuan komunikasi yang baik sesuai rekomendasi guru matematika. Tiga puluh lima siswa tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori hasil belajar, yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah berdasarkan nilai Penilaian Tengah Semester 1 (PTS 1). Pengelompokan dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan standar deviasi menurut Arikunto (2012:299) dan dari masing-masing kategori dipilih 1 siswa sebagai subjek sehingga diperoleh 1 subjek dengan hasil belajar tinggi (S1), sedang (S2), dan rendah (S3). Data penelitian diperoleh dari hasil jawaban soal tes dan hasil wawancara. Instrumen utama penelitian ini yaitu peneliti sendiri dan dibantu dengan instrumen bantu berupa lembar soal tes bangun datar sebanyak 3 soal dan lembar pedoman wawancara semiterstruktur yang masing-masing telah divalidasi oleh 3 validator. Ketiga validator menyatakan bahwa instrumen bantu tersebut layak digunakan untuk meneliti kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa. Keabsahan data penelitian ini menggunakan triangulasi teknik dengan tes dan wawancara. Analisis data dilakukan berdasarkan Miles dan Huberman, yaitu dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan (Sugiyono, 2012:246-253).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 168, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 489, "width": 429, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti memperoleh data berupa jawaban tes tertulis dan hasil wawancara ketiga subjek. Berdasarkan data tersebut, diperoleh ringkasan pencapaian tahapan IDEAL setiap subjek yang disajikan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 538, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pencapaian Tahapan IDEAL Setiap Subjek", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 559, "width": 355, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahapan Pemecahan IDEAL S1 S2 S3 Kesimpulan Nomor Soal Nomor Soal Nomor Soal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 592, "width": 364, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 S1 S2 S3 Identify problems ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Define goals ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 116, "top": 640, "width": 362, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Explore possible strategies ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ ✓ × Anticipate outcomes and act ✓ ✓ × × ✓ ✓ × × × ✓ ✓ × Look back and learn × ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ × × × ✓ ✓ ×", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 429, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1, dapat disimpulkan bahwa S1 dan S2 secara dominan dikatakan telah mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL, sedangkan S3 secara dominan hanya mampu melakukan 2 tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL yaitu identify problems dan define goals.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "203", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikut hasil analisis dan pembahasan kemampuan pemecahan masalah setiap subjek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 263, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Subjek dengan hasil belajar tinggi (S1)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 160, "width": 411, "height": 144, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap identify problems, S1 dapat menyebutkan informasi dan masalah inti dari setiap soal dengan detail dan benar. Hal ini, sejalan dengan penelitian Krissanti dan Yunianta (2020) bahwa subjek berkemampuan tinggi dapat mengidentifikasi dan menjelaskan informasi dan masalah pada soal secara terperinci. Pada tahap define goals, S1 dapat menyebutkan tujuan dari setiap soal yang diberikan dengan lancar dan benar. Hal ini hampir serupa dengan penelitian Indriyani dkk. (2018) dan Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika tinggi dapat melakukan tahap define goals untuk semua soal dengan menuliskan sesuai dengan masalah pada soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 310, "width": 411, "height": 265, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap explore possible strategies , S1 dapat menyusun rencana penyelesaian yang akan digunakan untuk setiap soal yang diberikan dengan benar seperti terlihat pada Gambar 1, Gambar 2, dan Gambar 3. Berdasarkan jawaban tertulis dan hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa untuk soal nomor 1, S1 menyusun rencana penyelesaian dengan menentukan panjang dan lebar lahan, kemudian menentukan keliling lahan, dan terakhir menghitung bambu yang dibutuhkan dengan membagi keliling dengan jarak antar bambu. Untuk soal nomor 2, S1 akan mengurangkan luas trapesium dengan luas persegi panjang. Lalu untuk soal nomor 3, S1 akan menentukan ukuran alas dan tinggi dari daerah yang diarsir , kemudian ukuran tersebut disubstitusikan ke rumus luas segitiga, yaitu 𝑎×𝑡 2 . Dalam menentukan rencana tersebut, S1 juga telah mengaitkan rumus yang telah dipelajarinya. Namun, S1 hanya mampu menemukan satu cara penyelesaian untuk setiap soal yang diberikan. Hasil ini sejalan dengan penelitian Putri dkk. (2018), Indriyani dkk. (2018), dan Herlinda (2019) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika tinggi dapat menyusun rencana penyelesaian yang tepat untuk memecahkan masalah pada soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 718, "width": 211, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Jawaban S1 Soal Nomor 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "204", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 289, "width": 373, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Jawaban S1 Soal Nomor 2 Gambar 3. Jawaban S1 Soal Nomor 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 323, "width": 411, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap anticipate outcomes and act , S1 melaksanakan rencana penyelesaiannya dengan runtut dan dengan perhitungan yang benar untuk soal nomor 1 dan 2. Pada soal nomor 3, S1 terlihat melakukan perhitungan dengan mudah. Namun, S1 melakukan kesalahan dalam menentukan ukuran tinggi segitiga. Dalam wawancara, S1 juga kebingungan dalam menjelaskan cara memperoleh tinggi segitiga. S1 mengaku hanya menduga bahwa tinggi segitiga adalah 40 cm, sehingga S1 memperoleh jawaban yang salah. Berikut kutipan wawancara berkaitan dengan hal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 459, "width": 340, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P133103 : Terus setelah itu? S133103 : Tingginya saya menghitungnya AE sama dengan empat puluh sentimeter. P133104 : Kenapa kok tingginya AE? S133112 : Eeemm… mengira - ngira… (melihat soal dan berpikir)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 504, "width": 411, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika tinggi dapat melaksanakan tahap anticipate outcomes and act dengan melaksanakan strateginya, namun melakukan kesalahan perhitungan pada satu soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 567, "width": 411, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap look back and learn , S1 melihat kembali jawabannya dengan memeriksa perhitungan yang telah dilakukannya pada soal nomor 2 dan 3. S1 tidak melakukan look back and learn pada soal nomor 1 karena merasa yakin dengan jawabannya. Berikut kutipan wawancara berkaitan dengan hal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 646, "width": 284, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P115101 : … kamu ngecek lagi nggak jawaban kamu? S115101 : Enggak. P115102 : Enggak? Kenapa? S115102 : Udah yakin bener, terus cara yang saya tahu hanya cara ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 690, "width": 411, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Putri dkk. (2018) dan Indriyani dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika tinggi cenderung dapat melakukan tahap look back and learn dengan melihat kembali tahapan pengerjaan dan operasi hitung yang dilakukannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "205", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 270, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Subjek dengan hasil belajar sedang (S2)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 125, "width": 411, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap identify problems, S2 dapat mengidentifikasi masalah dengan baik pada setiap soal yang diberikan. S2 dapat menyebutkan informasi dan masalah inti dari setiap soal dengan detail dan benar. Hal ini hampir serupa dengan penelitian Annizar (2015) dan Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek dengan kemampuan matematika sedang dapat melakukan tahap identify problems dengan menuliskan hal yang diketahui pada soal dengan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 232, "width": 412, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap define goals, S2 dapat menyebutkan tujuan dari setiap soal yang diberikan dengan lancar dan benar. Hal ini hampir serupa dengan penelitian Indriyani dkk. (2018), dan Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika sedang dapat mendefinisikan tujuan pada semua soal dengan menuliskannya sesuai permasalahan pada soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 310, "width": 411, "height": 231, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap explore possible strategies , S2 dapat menyusun rencana penyelesaian yang akan digunakan untuk setiap soal yang diberikan dengan benar seperti terlihat pada Gambar 4, Gambar 5, dan Gambar 6. Berdasarkan jawaban tertulis dan hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa untuk soal nomor 1, S2 menyusun rencana penyelesaian dengan mencari panjang lahan, kemudian mencari keliling lahan, lalu membagi keliling lahan dengan 50 cm. Untuk soal nomor 2, S2 membagi bangun menjadi 4 daerah, kemudian menghitung masing-masing luas daerah tersebut lalu menghitung luas keseluruhan. Untuk soal nomor 3, S2 mencari luas trapesium ACDE dan luas segitiga ACD kemudian mengurangkannya. S2 juga menemukan cara lain untuk menyelesaikan soal nomor 2, yaitu dengan mengurangkan luas trapesium dengan luas persegi panjang. Hal ini hampir serupa dengan hasil penelitian Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek dengan kemampuan matematika sedang dapat melakukan tahap explore possible strategies pada semua soal yang diberikan, namun subjek hanya mampu menemukan 1 strategi untuk setiap soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 641, "width": 211, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Jawaban S2 Soal Nomor 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "206", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 216, "top": 298, "width": 211, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Jawaban S2 Soal Nomor 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 512, "width": 411, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Jawaban S2 Soal Nomor 3 Pada tahap anticipate outcomes and act , S2 melaksanakan rencana penyelesaiannya dengan runtut dan dengan perhitungan yang benar untuk soal nomor 2 dan 3. Pada soal nomor 1, S2 melakukan kesalahan dalam menentukan panjang lahan yaitu 40 m 2 : 2 = 20 m . Hal tersebut menyebabkan jawaban yang diperoleh salah. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Putri dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika sedang dapat melakukan tahap anticipate outcomes and act dengan melaksanakan strateginya,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 634, "width": 410, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "meskipun melakukan kesalahan perhitungan pada salah satu soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 668, "width": 410, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S2 telah melakukan tahap look back and learn pada setiap soal yang diberikan. S2 membaca ulang soal nomor 1 dan mencoba mencari cara lain meskipun tidak menemukan cara yang tepat. Untuk soal nomor 2 dan 3, S2 melihat kembali jawabannya dan memeriksa setiap perhitungan yang dilakukannya. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Annizar (2015) yang mengungkapkan bahwa subjek dengan kemampuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "207", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 105, "width": 410, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "matematika sedang cenderung melakukan tahap melihat kembali pada bagian perhitungan atau penggunaan rumus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 271, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Subjek dengan hasil belajar rendah (S3)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 160, "width": 411, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap identify problems, S3 secara lisan dapat menyebutkan informasi dan masalah inti pada soal nomor 1 dan 3 dengan benar. Pada soal nomor 2, masalah intinya yaitu mencari luas hamparan rumput di daerah abu-abu, namun S3 menyebutkan masalah inti pada soal adalah mencari luas hamparan rumput di daerah putih. Selain itu, S3 hanya menyebutkan beberapa informasi pada soal. Berikut kutipan wawancara yang menunjukkan hal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 267, "width": 323, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P321101 : Sekarang ke nomor dua. Masalah inti dari soalnya gimana? S321101 : Nyari hamparan rumput, luas hamparan rumput. P321102 : Luas hamparan rumput yang mana berarti? S321102 : Yang ini (menunjuk gambar pada soal dengan daerah berwarna putih).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 305, "width": 299, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P321103 : Yang putih? Berarti disuruh mencari luas ini? S321103 : (mengangguk). P321106 : Oke. Sekarang informasi yang ada disini apa aja? S321106 : Informasinya ada ukuran… ukuran panjang… ukuran lebarnya. P321110 : Oke setelah itu? Ada yang lain? S321110 : ( diam dan berpikir) Udah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 369, "width": 411, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Indriyani dkk. (2018) yang mengatakan bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika rendah dapat melakukan tahap identify problems dengan mengidentifikasi masalah dengan baik pada beberapa soal saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 433, "width": 414, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap define goals, S3 dapat menentukan tujuan dari soal nomor 1 dan 3 dengan lancar dan benar. S3 tidak dapat menentukan tujuan soal nomor 2 karena pada tahap sebelumnya, S3 salah dalam mengidentifikasi masalah. Hasil ini hampir serupa dengan penelitian Annizar (2015) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika rendah cenderung melakukan tahap define goals dengan menuliskan sesuai dengan permasalahan pada soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 540, "width": 411, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap explore possible strategies , S3 menyusun rencana penyelesaian dengan benar untuk soal nomor 3 saja. Berdasarkan jawaban tertulis dan hasil wawancara diketahui bahwa untuk soal nomor 1, S2 menyusun rencana penyelesaian dengan menghitung keliling lahan kemudian membagi luas lahan dengan keliling lahan tersebut. Langkah ini dipilih secara asal-asalan. Berikut kutipan wawancara yang menunjukkan hal tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 647, "width": 309, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P313101 : Terus langkah pengerjaanmu gimana? S313101 : Pertama saya mencari keliling, terus mencari hasilnya (tersenyum)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 666, "width": 176, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P313102 : Mencari hasilnya? gimana itu? S313102 : Tak bagi dua. P313103 : Dibagi dua? Kenapa? S313103 : Ngasal hehehe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 711, "width": 411, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada soal nomor 2, S3 menyusun rencana penyelesaian yang kurang tepat karena S3 melakukan kesalahan pada tahap sebelumnya. Untuk soal nomor 3, S3 akan menghitung luas daerah yang diarsir dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "208", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 105, "width": 411, "height": 71, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rumus luas segitiga. Dengan demikian, S3 dikatakan tidak melakukan tahap explore possible strategies. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Annizar (2015) dan Indriyani dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika rendah tidak melakukan tahap explore possible strategies karena cenderung menuliskan strategi penyelesaian yang kurang tepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 183, "width": 411, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S3 tidak melakukan tahap anticipate outcomes and act dikarenakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah, S3 menggunakan strategi yang kurang tepat untuk soal nomor 1 dan 2 sehingga jawaban yang dihasilkan kurang tepat. Berikut jawaban tertulis S3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 323, "width": 354, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Jawaban S3 Soal Nomor 1 Gambar 8. Jawaban S3 Soal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 397, "top": 337, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nomor 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 459, "width": 184, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Jawaban S3 Nomor 3", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 103, "top": 480, "width": 411, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada soal nomor 3, S3 melakukan kesalahan dalam menentukan ukuran tinggi segitiga. Kutipan wawancara berikut juga menunjukkan bahwa S3 hanya menduga bahwa tinggi segitiga adalah 60 cm, sehingga memperoleh jawaban yang salah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 543, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P334101 : Oke sekarang jelasin perhitungannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 553, "width": 279, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S334101 : Perhitungannyaaa… dua puluh kali enam puluh bagi dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 563, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P334102 : Dua puluh yang?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 572, "width": 402, "height": 125, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S334102 : Alas. P334103 : Alas ini, dapet dari mana dua puluh? S334103 : Ini (menunjuk garis ED ). P334104 : Gitu? Ini sama? (menunjuk garis FE dan ED ). S334104 : Sama. P334105 : Tau dari mana kalau ini sama? S334105 : Ini ada empat pu… ini kan sisi yang sini (menunjuk garis BC ) empat puluh, ini (menunjuk garis FE ) dua puluh ini (menunjuk garis ED ) dua puluh. P334106 : Terus yang tingginya ini enam puluh sentimeter, dapat dari mana? S334106 : Enam puluh dapet dari ini (menunjuk sisi AC ). P334107 : Kok bisa? Katamu tadi tingginya sisi AD . S334107 : Soalnya kalau dilihat ukurannya sama. P334108 : Ogitu, kelihatannya sama gitu?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 697, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S334108 : Iya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 707, "width": 411, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan Annizar (2015), Putri dkk. (2018), dan Indriyani dkk. (2018) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "209", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 105, "width": 411, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rendah tidak melakukan tahap anticipate outcomes and act karena subjek melaksanakan strategi penyelesaian yang kurang tepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 139, "width": 410, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S3 tidak melakukan tahap look back and learn pada 3 soal yang diberikan. S3 mengaku pusing setelah mengerjakan soal yang diberikan sehingga S3 tidak melihat kembali ataupun mengevaluasi jawabannya. Seperti yang diungkapkan Annizar (2015) bahwa subjek berkemampuan matematika rendah cenderung tidak melakukan pengoreksian kembali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 224, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 429, "height": 317, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan, disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Siswa dengan hasil belajar tinggi mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar. Siswa secara umum mampu mengidentifikasi masalah dan menentukan tujuan pada soal dengan lancar dan benar. Siswa dapat menyusun rencana penyelesaian dan melaksanakan rencananya secara runtut dan benar, namun hanya mampu menemukan satu cara untuk menyelesaikan soal. Siswa juga melihat kembali jawabannya dengan memeriksa perhitungan yang telah dilakukan. (2) Siswa dengan hasil belajar sedang mampu melakukan kelima tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar. Siswa secara umum mampu mengidentifikasi masalah dan menentukan tujuan pada soal dengan lancar dan benar. Siswa dapat menyusun rencana penyelesaian dan melaksanakan rencananya secara runtut dan benar serta dapat menemukan cara lain untuk menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan. Siswa juga melihat kembali jawabannya dengan memeriksa perhitungan yang telah dilakukan. (3) Siswa dengan hasil belajar rendah hanya mampu melakukan dua tahap pemecahan masalah IDEAL dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun datar. Dua tahap tersebut adalah tahap identify problems dan define goals . Siswa secara umum mampu mengidentifikasi masalah dan menentukan tujuan pada soal dengan benar. Namun, siswa belum mampu menyusun dan melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dengan tepat. Siswa juga tidak melihat kembali ataupun mengevaluasi jawaban yang diperoleh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 429, "height": 87, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, siswa diharapkan dapat membiasakan diri menggunakan tahapan prosedural untuk menyelesaikan masalah agar dapat mengasah kemampuan pemecahan masalahnya. Selain itu, diperoleh fakta bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dengan hasil belajar rendah masih kurang, terutama di materi bangun datar. Oleh karena itu, guru hendaknya dapat membimbing siswa tersebut dengan lebih intensif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "210", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 111, "width": 121, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 429, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aisyah, P. N., Khasanah, S. umi N., Yuliani, A., & Rohaeti, E. E. (2018). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMP Pada Materi Segiempat dan Segitiga. JPMI (Jurnal Pembelajaran Matematika Inovatif) , 1 (5), 1025-1036.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 432, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Annizar, A. M. (2015). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Soal PISA Menggunakan Model IDEAL Pada Siswa Usia 15 Tahun di SMA Nuris Jember. Universitas Jember. Diakses tanggal 18 Maret 2021 dari http://repository.unej.ac.id/handle/123456789/73118 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 249, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2012). Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bransford, J. D. & Stein B. S. (1984). The IDEAL Problem Solver: A Guide for Improving Thinking, Learning, and Creativity . New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 429, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hadi, S., & Novaliyosi. (2019). TIMSS Indonesia (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study). Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call For Papers Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Siliwangi , 562 – 569.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 429, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herlinda, M. (2019). Proses Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Langkah Bransford dan Stein. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call For Papers. 346 – 352.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 422, "width": 429, "height": 100, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indriyani, F., Nurcahyono, N. A., & Agustiani, N. (2018). Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Berdasarkan Langkah Ideal Problem Solving. PYTHAGORAS: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika , 7 (2), 56 – 67. Kemendikbud. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 21 Tahun 2016 tentang Standar Isi Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 428, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Krissanti, M. & Yunianta, T. N. H. (2020). Profil Pemecahan Masalah Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal TIMSS Konten Aljabar Berdasarkan Pemecahan Masalah IDEAL. Math Didactic : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika. 6 (1), 12 – 24.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NCTM. (2000). Executive Summary Principles and Standards for School Mathematics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 595, "width": 200, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diakses dari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 609, "width": 397, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://www.nctm.org/uploadedFiles/Standards_and_Positions/PSSM_E xecutiveSummary.pdf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "OECD. (2019). PISA 2018 Insight and Interpretations. Diakses dari https://www.oecd.org/pisa/PISA%202018%20Insights%20and%20Interp retations%20FINAL%20PDF.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 429, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pehkonen, E. (1997). The State-of-Art in Mathematical Creativity. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education , 29 (3), 63 – 67. Purnama Yanti, A., & Syazali, M. (2016). Analisis Proses Berpikir Siswa dalam Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Berdasarkan Langkah- Langkah Bransford dan Stein Ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient. Jurnal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKSIOMA: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 142, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 12, No. 2 September 2021 e-ISSN 2579-7646", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 757, "width": 23, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "211", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 109, "top": 105, "width": 209, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan Matematika , 7 (1), 63 – 74.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 57, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pusat Penilaian Pendidikan Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. (2019). Laporan Hasil Ujian Nasional. Diakses pada 18 April 2020, dari https://hasilun.puspendik.kemdikbud.go.id/#2019!smp!capaian_wilayah !99&99&999!T&03&1&T&1&!1!&.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 428, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putra, H. D., Thahiram, N. F., Ganiati, M., & Nuryana, D. (2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 191, "width": 404, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMP pada Materi Bangun Ruang. JIPM (Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika) , 6 (2), 82-90.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 429, "height": 58, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putri, A. R., Setyadi, D., & Mampouw, H. L. (2018). Proses Pemecahan Masalah Operasi Aljabar oleh Siswa SMP Berdasarkan Tahapan IDEAL Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Matematika. Math Didactic : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika . 4 (3), 190 – 201.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 429, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. (2012). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D . Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teni Nurrita. (2018). Pengembangan media pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Jurnal Misykat , 03 (01), 171-181.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 429, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ulya, H. (2016). Profil Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Bermotivasi Belajar Tinggi Berdasarkan Ideal Problem Solving. Jurnal Konseling Gusjigang , 2 (1), 90 – 96.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 181, "top": 42, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at: http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jipi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 173, "top": 66, "width": 280, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016, 24-34", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 109, "width": 451, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika Problem Based Learning Melalui Kegiatan Fieldtrip pada Materi Energi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 149, "width": 124, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hatta Yarid 1 *, Ariswan 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 164, "width": 421, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 SMA Internasional Budi Mulia. Jalan Raya Tajem Panjen, Wedomartani, Sleman, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 177, "width": 438, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Jalan Colombo No. 1, Karangmalang, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 205, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Korespondensi Penulis. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 229, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian inibertujuan untuk: (1) menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika model problem based learning melalui kegiatan fieldtrip yang layak, (2) mengidentifikasi hasil belajar fisika berupa aspek kognitif, minat belajar, dan berpikir kreatif. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan ( Research and Development ). Validasi dilakukan oleh dua dosen ahli dan uji keterbacaan diujicobakan pada peserta didik. Subjek coba dilakukan pada kelas XI SMA sebanyak 30 peserta didik. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan pedoman wawancara, angket, dan observasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis isi dan analisis deskriptif presentase. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah: (1) perangkat pembelajaran fisika dinyatakan layak dengan kriteria baik, (2) hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 62,93, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 57,20. Hasil minat belajar peserta didik, pada kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata sebesar 67,50, dan pada kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata sebesar 65,65. Sedangkan hasil belajar berpikir kreatif peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 74,91, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 65,56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : model problem based learning , fieldtrip , hasil belajar, kognitif, minat belajar, berpikir kreatif, perangkat pembelajaran fisika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 438, "width": 433, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A Problem Based Learning Model in Physics Learning Equipment Development Through a Fieldtrip Activity in Energy Material", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 480, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 459, "height": 175, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was aimed to: (1) yield a learning-based problem model of physics learning equipment through a feasible fieldtrip, (2) identify physics learning results in the forms of cognitive aspect, learning interest and learner creative thinking from physics learning implementation with a problem-based learning model through a fieldtrip activity.This was a research and development research. The validation towards learning equipment was conducted by two expert lecturers and learning equipment readable was experimented to the learners. The experimented subject was conducted in XI Senior High School grade numbered 30 learners. Data gathering instrument used interview guide, questionnaire and observation. Data analysis was conducted by a content analysis and percentage descriptive analysis.It could be concluded that: (1) physics learning equipment was declared feasible with good criteria, (2) learning results in cognitive aspect in the experimental class obtained average of 62.93 and controlled class average of 57.20. The results of learners learning interest in the experimental class had an average of 67.50 and controlled class average was 65.56. While learning result of learner creative thinking was obtained experimental class average of 74.91 and controlled class average of 65.56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 456, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : problem-based learning model, fieldtrip, learning results, cognitive, learning interest, creative thinking, physics learning equipment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 439, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to Cite : Yarid, H., & Ariswan, A. (2016). Pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran fisika problem based learning melalui kegiatan fieldtrip pada materi energi. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 24-34. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v2i1.8374", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 759, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permalink /DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v2i1.8374", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 241, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 25 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 218, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laporan dari organisasi PISA ( Program for International Student Assessment) yang me- lakukan survey tiga tahunan di berbagai negara terkait kemampuan matematika, kemampuan membaca, dan kemampuan IPA pada siswa yang berusia 15 tahun, hasilnya pada tahun 2012 dari 65 negera yang disurvey, Indonesia menempati urutan ke-64 pada kemampuan IPA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 218, "height": 251, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa poin yang menjadi dasar acuan penilaian PISA pada kemampuan IPA adalah kemampuan siswa dalam mengidentifikasi ma- salah dan menjelaskan fenomena alam yang ter- jadi di lingkungan sekitar. Hal ini sejalan dengan permasalahan yang terjadi pada pembel- ajaran fisika, yakni masih banyak sumber atau media belajar dan model pembelajaran yang kurang dikembangkan sehingga pembelajaran di kelas kurang menarik dan belum mampu me- maksimalkan berpikir kritis peserta didik, seperti pembelajaran yang masih tetap fokus pada teacher center , kecenderungan guru untuk tetap menggunakan metode ceramah tanpa mengkolaborasi dengan metode lain dalam penyampaian materi di kelas, sehingga hal ini mungkin saja mempengaruhi kemampuan peserta didik dalam mengindentifikasi masalah dan menjelaskan fenomena alam pada materi yang disampaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 219, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional (Panduan Pengembangan Pembelajaran IPA Secara Terpadu, 2011, p. 1) dikatakan bahwa Pembelajaran IPA berkaitan dengan upaya memahami berbagai fenomena alam secara sistematis. Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam memiliki dimensi sikap ilmiah ( scientific attitude ), proses ilmiah ( scientific process ), dan produk ilmiah ( scientific product ), berupa pengetahuan. Oleh karenanya pembelajaran IPA tidak hanya seke- dar mengumpulkan pengetahuan, tetapi harus melatihkan berbagai keterampilan proses, dan menumbuhkan sikap ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masih banyak orang beranggapan bahwa sumber pembelajaran fisika selalu terkait dengan teknologi tinggi, elektronika, digital, dan biaya mahal. Namun sesungguhnya hal tersebut meru- pakan pemikiran yang sempit dalam memaknai arti dari sebuah sumber belajar. Sumber pembel- ajaran terdiri atas berbagai macam jenis, dari sumber pembelajaran yang sederhana dan murah hingga canggih dan mahal. Dari mulai rakitan pabrik hingga buatan tangan para guru itu sendiri, bahkan ada pula yang telah disedia-kan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh alam di lingkungan sekitar kita yang dapat langsung digunakan sebagai sumber belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 113, "width": 219, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran terdapat dua hal yang turut menentukan berhasil tidaknya suatu proses belajar-mengajar, yaitu pengaturan kelas dan pengajaran itu sendiri (Semiawan, 1989, p. 63). Maksud dari pengajaran itu sendiri adalah guru harus menentukan bagimana cara atau model belajar yang digunakan yang sesuai dengan kondisi kelas. Pengaturan kelas dapat dilakukan dengan membuat pedoman pembel- ajaran, beberapa diantaranya adalah membuat silabus, RPP, dan lembar kerja peserta didik. Selanjutnya yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru adalah bagaimana perangkat pembelajaran yang dibuat tersebut menyesuaikan dengan model pembelajaran yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 303, "width": 219, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh beberapa ahli, salah satu model pembelajaran yang mampu mengembangkan peserta didik berpikir ilmiah adalah PBL ( problem based learning ). Czabanowska (2012), mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran PBL mampu mengembang- kan pemikiran peserta didik melalui integrasi informasi, berpikir kritis dan evaluasi diri, serta mengajarkan diri bersikap tanggung jawab dan keterampilan manajemen tim. Sedangkan Hillman (2003) mengatakan bahwa PBL mem- bantu untuk memahami konsep dan implikasi- nya dalam sistem tersier ke tingkat yang jauh lebih besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 480, "width": 219, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tan (2004) menyebutkan bahwa PBL telah diakui sebagai suatu pengembangan dari pembelajaran aktif dan pendekatan pembelajar- an yang berpusat pada peserta didik, yang meng- gunakan masalah-masalah yang tidak terstruktur (masalah-masalah dunia nyata atau masalah- masalah simulasi yang kompleks) sebagai titik awal dan jangkar atau sauh untuk proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 594, "width": 219, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kampen (2004) membahas bagaimana manfaat besar dari PBL, khususnya sangat efek- tif untuk diajarkan kepada peserta didik yang memiliki kemampuan beraneka ragam dan mampu meningkatkan motivasi peserta didik. Chanlin (2008) mengungkapkan bahwa dengan pendekatan PBL, peserta didik yang belajar mandiri dan terlibat aktif pada pengarahan diri, penalaran profesional, dan penentuan nasib sen- diri di kelas untuk kegiatan interaktif berbasis web memberikan kontribusi untuk sukses pres- tasi belajar.. Lebih lanjut oleh Macklin (2008), hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembel- ajaran PBL pada kelas ICT dapat berjalan dengan baik ketika diberikan umpan balik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 241, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 26 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "formatif, karena didukung sikap berpikir kritis mereka tentang proses pencarian informasi. Eldy & Sulaiman (2013), hasil penelitiannya menun- jukkan bahwa perkembangan positif dalam gaya berpikir peserta didik sebelum dan setelah implementasi dengan model PBL.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 163, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Celik (2011), saat menyelidiki efek dari pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Pada akhir studi diketahui bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara dua kelompok dalam proses pembelajaran fisika, pada proses pembelajaran dengan PBL diketahui lebih afektif pada prestasi fisika . Se- lain itu Sugiarto (2015) mengatakan bahwa PBL membantu meningkatkan kreativitas peserta di- dik dalam menyelesaikan persoalan lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 218, "height": 200, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Labra (2012), pembelajaran PBL mampu meningkatkan kelulusan sebesar 60% pada ke- lompok eksperimen, terjadi peningkatan hasil akademik dan prestasi belajar peserta didik, menghasilkan peningkatan yang signifikan da- lam pembelajaran konseptual, peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan untuk memecah- kan masalah dan dalam sikap dan minat peserta didik terhadap fisika. Selain itu, Selçuk (2010) mengatakan bahwa metode pembelajaran berba- sis masalah tidak hanya mendorong pendekatan yang mendalam peserta didik untuk belajar, tetapi juga meningkatkan komponen sikap terha- dap fisika. Hasil penelitian juga mengisyaratkan bahwa instruksi fisika PBL berdampak prestasi pada fisika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 480, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun berbeda dengan hasil penelitian yang diungkapkan oleh Sahin & Yorek (2009), secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menunjuk- kan bahwa pendekatan PBL tidak memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap prestasi peserta didik tentang fisika dan belajar fisika. Begitu juga dengan hasil penelitian Gould (2015), yang mengatakan bahwa motivasi belajar peserta didik tidak mempengaruhi perubahan konten pengatahuan di pembelajaran PBL.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 218, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam sintaks PBL terdapat aktivitas yang mengharuskan peserta didik melakukan pengamatan dan pengumpul data, sehingga perlu menerapkan metode pembelajaran yang mem- fasilitasi aktivitas tersebut. Dalam proses terse- but memerlukan sumber belajar yang tepat sehingga dapat berjalan dengan baik. Behrendt & Franklin (2014), pengalaman belajar di tem- pat fieldtrip formal dan informal meningkatkan minat siswa, pengetahuan, dan motivasi. Sehing- ga selain menumbuhkan sikap ilmiah, PBL yang dilakukan dengan aktivitas di luar sekolah dapat meningkatkan minat, pengetahuan dan motivasi peserta didik. Hal ini jelas sesuai dengan konsep", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dasar tujuan pembelajaran fisika, yakni berpikir ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 113, "width": 218, "height": 162, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pembelajaran, fieldtrip dijadikan sebagai sumber belajar karena jumlah sumber belajar yang tersedia di lingkungan ini tidaklah terbatas, sekalipun pada umumnya tidak diran- cang secara sengaja untuk kepentingan pendi- dikan. Sumber belajar lingkungan ini akan se- makin memperkaya wawasan dan pengetahuan peserta didik karena mereka belajar tidak ter- batas oleh empat dinding kelas, Selain itu kebenarannya lebih akurat, sebab peserta didik dapat mengalami secara langsung dan dapat mengoptimalkan potensi panca inderanya untuk berkomunikasi dengan lingkungan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 277, "width": 218, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antwi & Oppong (2014), Fieldtrip meru- pakan metode interaktif dan menarik pembel- ajaran di lingkungan luar. Kegiatan fieldtrip membantu peserta didik untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam pelajaran sains, selain itu minat peserta didik dalam pembelajaran sains terang- sang juga. Dewitt & Storksdieck (2008) Belajar kognitif dan afektif dapat terjadi sebagai akibat dari kunjungan kelas untuk keluar sekolah, dan hasil belajar pada dasarnya dipengaruhi oleh struktur fieldtrip . Hal yang berbeda diungkapkan oleh Trumper (2006), bahwa tidak ada pengaruh pengalaman belajar di luar sekolah terhadap minat peserta didik belajar fisika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 454, "width": 219, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan belajar akan lebih menarik bagi peserta didik sebab lingkungan menyediakan sumber belajar yang sangat beragam dan banyak pilihan. Namun demikian diperlukan adanya kreativitas dan jiwa inovatif dari para guru dalam menerapkan model pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar. Dalam suatu proses belajar mengajar, dua unsur yang sangat penting adalah metode mengajar dan media pengajaran (Arsyad, 2003, p. 15). Dari penjelasan di atas dapat dikatakan bahwa model pembelajaran dan media dalam proses pembelajaran keduanya tidak dapat dipisahkan karena saling berkaitan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 631, "width": 221, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian pengembangan ini digu- nakan tiga aspek yang diukur dalam hasil belajar pada pembelajaran fisika, yakni aspek kognitif, minat belajar, berpikir kreatif, aspek kognitif peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 695, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bloom (Arikunto, 2013, p. 131) mengata- kan terdapat ranah kognitif yang dicapai oleh peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran, dian- taranya adalah: mengenal ( recognition ), pema- haman ( comprehension ), penerapan atau aplikasi ( application ), analisis ( analysis ), sintesis ( syn- thesis ), dan evaluasi ( evaluation ). Sedangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 240, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 27 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "menurut Airasian (2001, p. 68) hasil revisi taksonomi Bloom mencantunkan aspek mem- buat/menciptkan ( create ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 125, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikuno (2013, p. 4) mengatakan bahwa pembelajaran bukanlah satu-satunya faktor yang menentukan hasil belajar. Pada saat peserta di- dik diberikan pertanyaan tentang perasaan mereka terhadap aspek-aspek tertentu pada pem- belajaran, dalam lingkungan yang terpercaya dimana mereka dapat dihargai kejujurannya, peserta didik dapat menyatakan sikap mereka, ketertarikan, rasa suka, dan respon akan jalanya proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 219, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Slameto (2013, p.180) mengungkapkan bahwa suatu minat dapat diekspresikan oleh peserta didik melalui hal-hal sebagai berikut: (1) peserta didik menunjukkan sikap lebih menyukai suatu hal daripada hal lainnya, (2) dimanifestasikan melalui partisipasi pada akti- vitas dan kegiatan, (3) peserta didik cenderung untuk memberikan perhatian yang lebih besar terhadap subjek Menurut Safari (2005, p.152), indikator minat ada empat, yaitu: (1) perasaan senang; (2) ketertarikan siswa; (3) perhatian siswa; dan (4) keterlibatan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 218, "height": 174, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari para ahli dapat ditarik beberapa aspek minat dalam penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik memiliki minat pada pem- belajaran fisika adalah: (1) peserta didik mem- perhatikan dengan seksama, indikatornya adalah peserta didik merespon materi yang disampaikan guru; (2) merasa tertarik pada fisika, indikator- nya adalah peserta didik mengikuti dengan sungguh-sungguh di kelas; (3) senang untuk te- tap mengikuti pembelajaran, indikatornya adalah peserta didik mengungkapkan perasaan senang terhadap pembelajaran; (4) partisipasi peserta didik, indikatornya adalah peserta didik ikut ber- partisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 218, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Munandar (2012, p. 59) mengemukakan bahwa penilaian kreativitas diukur meliputi dimensi kognitif (berpikir kreatif), dimensi afek- tif (sikap dan kepribadian), dan dimensi psiko- motor (keterampilan kreatif). Dimensi kognitif dari kreativitas mencakup antara lain, kelan- caran, kelenturan, orisinalitas dalam berpikir, dan kemampuan untuk merinci (elaborasi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 218, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aspek tes berpikir kreatif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadopsi dari tes Torrance (Munandar, 2012, pp. 65-66), Adapun aspek tes tersebut adalah mengukur proses kreativitas terhadap aktivitas-aktivitas seperti: (1) mengajukan pertanyaan;(2) menerka akibat; (3) menerka akibat-akibat sesuatu kejadian; (4) memperbaiki hasil keluaran; (5) penggunaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 85, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang tidak lazim; dan (6) aktivitas yang di- andaikan. Sedangkan salah satu unsur penilaian pada aktivitas berpikir kreatif yang diukur diantaranya: (a) kelancaran, (b) kelenturan ( flexibility ), dan (c) keaslian ide ( originality ), disertai dengan desain gambar, mengandung unsur manfaat yang tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 182, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 201, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 219, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan. Pada penelitian yang dikem- bangkan adalah perangkat pembelajaran fisika model PBL melalui kegiatan fieldtrip untuk kelas XI SMA materi pokok energi. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan adalah Sila- bus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), Tes Hasil Belajar berupa Tes Aspek Kognitif, Tes Minat, dan Berpikir Keratif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 352, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Target/Subjek Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 371, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pengembangan subjek uji coba ini adalah subjek analisis kebutuhan sebanyak dua kelas, 30 peserta didik; subjek uji keterbacaan sebanyak 30 peserta didik; subjek uji coba dila- kukan di SMA pada dua kelas di kelas XI, sebanyak 30 peserta didik. Kelas pertama seba- gai kelas eksperimen uji coba produk, dan kelas kedua sebagai kelas kontrol; dan subjek evaluasi terdiri atas dosen ahli pendidikan, dan dosen ahli analisis dan konten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 503, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prosedur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 522, "width": 218, "height": 263, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan digunakan dalam peneliti- an ini diadopsi dari model rancangan pengem- bangan dari Borg and Gall (2007, p. 591). Ta- hapan pengembangan dilakukan melalui bebe- rapa tahapan, yakni: (1)menganalisis produk yang dikembangkan, dilakukan dengan mene- rapkan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, yakni melakukan prapenelitian melalui proses studi literatur, observasi di kelas, dan wawancara; (2) mengembangkan produk awal. Setelah melaku- kan studi pendahuluan mengenai dasar-dasar teori dan konsep pembelajaran, serta observasi pembelajaran di lapangan, maka disusun perang- kat pembelajaran yang didasarkan pada: meng- analisis proses pembelajaran, menganalisis ka- rakteristik peserta didik, melakukan identifikasi tujuan pembelajaran, mengembangkan perang- kat pembelajaran; mengembangkan model pembelajaran, mengembangkan dan memilih bahan ajar, yakni perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangakan adalah silabus, rencana pelaksa-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 241, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 28 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nan pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), dan Tes Hasil Belajar berupa Tes aspek Kognitif, Tes Minat Belajar, dan Tes Berpikir Kreatif; (3) melakukan validasi ahli dan revisi. Tahap ini dilakukan dengan validasi perangkat pembelajaran kepada para ahli yakni berupa validasi silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, lembar kerja peserta didik, dan tes hasil belajar. Tujuan dilkukaan validasi ini adalah untuk mendapatkan masukan, tanggapan, saran, komentar terhadap produk yang dikem- bangkan untuk selanju tnya dilakukan revisi untuk penyempurnaan kualitas produk; (4) melakukan uji keterbacaan pada peserta didik dan revisi. Tahap ini dilakukan dengan menguji coba tes hasil belajar pada peserta didik. Hasil validasi dijadikan dasar untuk mengevaluasi dan merevesi draf awal perangkat pembelajaran sebelum diujicobakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap terakhir adalah (5) melakukan uji coba lapangan dan produk akhir. Uji coba ini dilakukan kepada peserta didik dengan jalan melakukan postes terhadap tes hasil belajar be- rupa tes aspek kognitif, tes minat belajar, dan tes berpikir kreatif. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis guna menyempurnakan produk akhir, selain itu data juga digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pencapaian hasil belajar pada dua kelas yang berbeda yakni kelompok kelas kontrol dan kelompok kelas eksperimen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 218, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam peneliti- an adalah menggunakan pedoman wawancara, angket, lembar obeservasi, dan tes. (uji coba). Instrument ini digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang: analisis kebutuhan; evaluasi dari ahli, penilaian tentang rancangan produk yang akan dibuat; dan penilaian atau tanggapan guru dalam aktivitas guru dan peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 587, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 218, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua bagian, yakni teknik analisis isi dan dan teknik analisis deskriptif presentase. Peng- ujian kelayakan instrumen menggunakan skala interval dengan persamaan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 675, "width": 214, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Konversi Data Kuantitatif ke Kualitatif dengan Skala Lima (Azwar, 2011, p.163)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 707, "width": 166, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Interval Kategori X > ̅ + 1,5 SB i", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 245, "top": 720, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sangat Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 731, "width": 200, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X i + SB i < X ≤ ̅ + 1,5 SB i Baik ̅ - 0,5 SB i < X ≤ ̅ + SB i Cukup Baik ̅ - 1,5 SB i < X ≤ ̅ - 0,5 SB i Kurang Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 770, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X ≤ ̅ - 1,5 SB i", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 247, "top": 772, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak Baik", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 323, "top": 85, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "̅ = rerata skor ideal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 101, "width": 191, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= ½ (skor maksimal ideal + skor minimal ideal)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 126, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SB i = simpangan baku ideal = 1/6 (skor maksimal ideal – skor minimal ideal)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 164, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X = total skor aktual", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 183, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis deskriptif presentasebertujuan untuk mengolah data yang didapat dari hasil uji coba tahap pertama dan tahap kedua selain itu juga untuk mengetahui seberapa besar hasil belajar yang telah dicapai kelas dari tiap indikator yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 258, "width": 219, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada Analisis deskriptif presentase akan dilihat dua hal yakni: pertama melihat point biserial atau daya beda dengan Quest Master Program. Adapun penentuan point biserial atau daya beda menurut Ebel dan Frisbie (Safari, 2008, p. 61)) adalah sebagai berikut: kategori daya beda soal; 0,00-0,19 (soal ditolak), 0,20- 0,29 (soal diperbaiki), 0,30-0,39 (soal diterima dan diperbaiki), 0,40-1,00 (soal baik).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 372, "width": 219, "height": 137, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedua dengan melakukan hasil uji reliabilitas. Hasil ini digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana hasil suatu pengukuran dapat dipercaya. Suatu tes dapat dikatakan mempunyai taraf kepercayaan yang tinggi jika tes tersebut dapat memberikan hasil yang tepat. Maka pengertian reliabilitas tes, berhubungan dengan masalah ketepatan hasil tes, seandainya hasilnya berubah-ubah, perubahan yang terjadi dapat dikatakan tidak berarti. Nilai reliabilitas dapat dicari dengan melihat koefisien nilai alpa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 511, "width": 219, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun persamaan yang digunakan dalam pencapaian hasil belajar aspek kognitit peserta didik tiap indikator (P) adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 398, "top": 546, "width": 16, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 580, "width": 150, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: P = Pencapaian hasil belajar x i = indikator N maks = jumlah total peserta didik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 636, "width": 191, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang dieproleh dari hasil belajar akan diolah menggunakan Excel Program.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 668, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 686, "width": 219, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil validasi para ahli dapat di lihat pada Tabel 2 yang menjelaskan tentang skor yang diperoleh tiap produk dari para ahli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 241, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 29 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 197, "top": 94, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Uji Kelayakan Produk oleh Para Ahli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 113, "width": 319, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validator Skor Tiap Produk Silabus RPP LKPD Kognitif Minat Berpikir Kreatif Ahli 1 4,00 4,12 4,00 4,12 3,88 4,00 Ahli 2 4,14 4,06 4,00 3,88 3,88 4,00 Rata-rata 4,07 4,09 4,00 4,00 3,88 4,00", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 218, "height": 174, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan validasi dari uji kelayakan produk oleh ahli pertama dan kedua adalah sebagai berikut: (1) silabus memperoleh katagori sangat baik; (2) RPP memperoleh katagori sa- ngat baik; (3) LKPD memperoleh katagori sangat baik; dan (4) Tes aspek kognitif mem- peroleh katagori baik; (5) Tes minat belajar memperoleh katagori baik; dan (6) Tes berpikir kreatif memperoleh katagori baik. Sehingga se- cara umum perangkat pembelajaran memperoleh katagori baik, dan layak digunakan. Hasil uji keterbacaan perangkat pembelajaran berupa tes aspek kognitif yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengujian diperoleh butir soal tiap indikator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 218, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pengujian pertama dari 6 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 6 soal dinyatakan layak, pada pengujian kedua dari 8 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 4 soal dinyatakan layak, dan pengujian ketiga dari 10 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 8 soal dinyatakan layak. Adapun hasil reliabilitas yang diperoleh dari 3 kali pengujian, masing- masing adalah: (1) pengujian pertama memiliki reliability of estimate 0,61; (2) pengujian kedua memiliki reliability of estimate 0,77; (3) peng- ujian pertama memiliki reliability of estimate 0,83. Seluruh hasil tes aspek kognitif kemudian dianalisis tiap item soal yang layak untuk digunakan dalam uji coba. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh item soal aspek kognitif sebanyak 10 soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 218, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada produk tes hasil belajar berpikir kreatif tidak dilakukan uji keterbacaan pada pe- serta diidk. Proses tes berpikir kreatif menggu- nakan validasi konten, yakni koreksi dari dosen pembimbing dan dua validator yang ditunjuk oleh dosen pembimbing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji keterbacaan tes minat belajar yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali validasi dari peserta didik. Pada pengujian pertama dari 20 item yang diujikan sebanyak 15 item dinyatakan layak, pada pengujian kedua dari 20 item yang diujikan sebanyak 15 soal dinyatakan layak. Sehingga dari dua kali uji digunakan sebanyak 18 butir soal. Adapun hasil reliabilitas yang di- peroleh dari 2 kali pengujian, masing-masing adalah: (1) pengujian pertama memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 193, "width": 218, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "reliability of estimate 0,56; (2) pengujian kedua memiliki reliability of estimate 0,71.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 218, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengamatan jalannya proses pem- belajaran didapatkan bahwa keterlaksanaan akti- vitas guru guna menunjang proses pembelajaran sebesar 95,83%, sedangkan keterlaksanaan akti- vitas peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran sebesar 90,52%. Selengkapanya dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 313, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Persentase Keterlaksanaan Proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 325, "width": 217, "height": 87, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran Aktivitas Skor aktivitas yang diamati pada pertemuan ke- (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 Guru 16 16 15 15 15 15 95.83 Peserta didik 23 21 15 14 14 18 90.52", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 421, "width": 219, "height": 187, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji coba produk tes hasil belajar aspek kognitif tahap pertama yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengujian diper- oleh butir soal tiap indikator. Pada pengujian pertama dari 6 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 6 soal dinyatakan layak, pada pengujian kedua dari 8 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 4 soal dinyatakan layak, dan pengujian ketiga dari 10 soal yang diujikan sebanyak 8 soal dinyatakan layak. Adapun hasil reliabilitas yang diperoleh dari 3 kali pengujian, masing-masing adalah: (1) pengujian pertama memiliki reliability of estimate 0,61; (2) pengujian kedua memiliki reliability of estimate 0,77; (3) pengujian perta- ma memiliki reliability of estimate 0,83.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 611, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian produk tes hasil belajar aspek kognitif diperoleh dari hasil posttest setelah peserta didik mendapat perlakuan. Hasil tes kog- nitif ini dirinci berdasarkan tiap indikator. Data lengkap hasil belajar aspek kognitif tiap indi- kator adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 42, "width": 242, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 30 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 88, "width": 200, "height": 168, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Tes Aspek Kognitif Tiap Indikator Indikator Soal Ketuntasan Hasil Belajar KA (%) KB (%) 1 70,67 65,33 2 70,67 64,00 3 72,00 62,67 4 50,67 28,00 5 58,67 46,67 6 70,67 72, 67 7 80,00 76,00 8 64,00 58,67 9 54,57 45,33 10 37,33 53,33", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 218, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seluruh hasil tes aspek kognitif kemudian dianalisis tiap item soal yang layak untuk digu- nakan dalam uji coba. Dari hasil analisis diper- oleh item soal aspek kognitif sebanyak 10 soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian produk tes hasil belajar aspek kognitif diperoleh dari hasil posttest setelah peserta didik mendapat perlakuan. Hasil tes kognitif ini dirinci berdasarkan tiap indikator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 218, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data lengkap hasil belajar aspek kognitif tiap indikator adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 209, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Tes Aspek Kognitif Kelas Nilai Terendah Nilai Tertinggi Rerata SD KA 42,00 94,00 62,93 16,62 KB 38,00 88,00 57,20 15,00 Keterangan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 210, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KA: kelas Eksperimen problem based learning KB: kelas Kontrol SD: standar deviasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5 dapat diketahui bahwa rerata yang didapat pada kelompok KA adalah 62,93, sedangkan untuk kelompok KB adalah 57,20. Nilai tertinggi dan terendah pada kelompok KA adalah 94,00, dan 42,00, sedangkan nilai terting- gi dan terendah pada kelompok KB adalah 88,00 dan 38,00.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji coba tes minat belajar peserta didik diperoleh melalui angket setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6 yang mendiskripsikan minat tertinggi, minat terendah, dan besar rata-rata minat tiap kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 702, "width": 208, "height": 64, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Tes Minat Kelas Tes Tertinggi Tes Terendah Rerata SD KA 86,11 54,17 67,50 8,39 KB 77,78 55,56 65,65 6,67", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 219, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6 dapat diketahui bahwa rerata yang didapat pada kelompok KA adalah 67,50 sedangkan untuk kelompok KB adalah 65,65. Nilai tertinggi dan terendah pada kelompok KA adalah 86,11 dan 54,17, sedangkan Nilai terting- gi dan terendah pada kelompok KB adalah 77,78 dan 55,56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 182, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Tes Berpikir Kreatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 201, "width": 217, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas Tes Tertinggi Tes Terendah Rerata SD KA 88,89 48,61 74,91 9,98 KB 88,89 38,89 65,56 13,96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 254, "width": 219, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7 dapat diketahui bahwa rerata yang didapat pada kelompok KA adalah 74,91 se- dangkan untuk kelompok KB adalah 65,56. Nilai tertinggi dan terendah pada kelompok KA adalah 88,89 dan 48,61, sedangkan Nilai terting- gi dan terendah pada kelompok KB adalah 88,89 dan 38,89.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 349, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revisi Produk Tahap Pertama", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 367, "width": 218, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk hasil pengembangan disusun ber- dasarkan pada standar proses, standar penilaian, kompetensi inti, dan kompetensi dasar, serta didasarkan pada karakteristik peserta didik. Selanjutnya pada tahap revisi produk tahap pertama dilakukan setelah produk divalidasi oleh dosen ahli dan diuji coba pada peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 469, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revisi produk dari dosen ahli diperoleh dengan kuisioner. Pada kuisioner, dosen ahli menyarankan agar pada bagian kompetensi dasar dari silabus supaya dimasukan unsur kom- petensi inti. Selain itu perlu dijelaskan penilaian sikap seperti apa yang akan dinilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 545, "width": 218, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada produk RPP yang perlu direvisi ada- lah sistematika penulisan pada RPP, kejelasan kompetensi inti pada bagian kompetensi dasar, mencantumkan sintaks PBL dalam tiap langkah pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 608, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revisi terhadap produk LKPD dari dosen ahli adalah: (1) perlu ditambah narasi awal untuk mengkondisikan peserta didik pada objek pengamatan yang dilakukan; (2) layout LKPD dibuat menarik; (3) LKPD harus mampu men- fasilitasi peserta didik ditiap sintak PBL.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 684, "width": 218, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada produk tes hasil belajar terdapat be- berapa revisi diantaranya: (1) pernyataan negatif angket pada tes minat tidak selalu menggunakan kata negatif; (2) rubrik penilaian kurang tepat karena menggunakan skor, hal ini karena skor untuk kalimat negatif terbalik; dan (3) perlu perbaikan redaksi soal dan keefektifan kalimat yang digunakan pada produk tes aspek kognitif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 240, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 31", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 265, "top": 54, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 137, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revisi Produk Tahap Kedua", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 106, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revisi produk tahap kedua dilakukan demi kesempurnaan produk yang dikembangkan setelah dilakukan uji coba tahap pertama.Revisi produk tes berpikir kreatif adalah perlu adanya pencantuman sumber dari gambar, maupun redaksi yang diambil. Sedangkan revisi pada tes aspek kognitif adalah: (1) jumlah soal perlu ditambah minimal 10 soal; (2) perlu adanya gambar dalam soal; dan (3) perbaikan pada kunci jawaban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kajian Produk Akhir", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 352, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapaun gambaran pembelajaran dari penggunaan produk akhir yang telah dikem- bangkan adalah hasil pengamatan diperoleh data ketercapaian pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dari aktivitas guru sebesar 95,83%, sedangkan keterlaksanaan aktivitas peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran sebesar 90,52%. Dalam aktivitas guru dan peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran terdiri atas lima sintak, yakni: (1) mengorientasi peserta didik pada masalah, (2) mengorganisasikan kegiatan pembelajaran, (3) membimbing penyelidikan mandiri, (4) me- ngembangkan dan mempresentasikan hasil, dan (5) analisis dan evaluasi. Dalam pelaksanaan- nya, pertama-tama peserta didik dikelompokkan secara merata berdasarkan tingkat kemampuan diri masing-masing peserta didik. Adapun tuju- annya adalah peserta didik dapat mendata per- masalahan yang ada dan merumuskan topik permasalahan yang dibahas secara detail melalui kegiatan diskusi. Selain itu hal ini penting sebagai upaya melatih peserta didik dalam ber- bagi pengalaman guna memperluas wawasan. Selama pengamatan memang tidak semua kelompok dapat melakukan diskusi dengan baik, maka kemudian guru melakukan proses bim- bingan selama diskusi dengan harapan proses pembelajaran dapat berlangsung dengan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 218, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara garis besar dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pembelajaran dapat berlangsung sesuai dengan yang direncakan dan kendala yang ditemui selama proses pembelajaran ada- lah: (1) kurangnya minat dari peserta didik selama proses tanya jawab guna menggali lebih detail informasi yang diperoleh, (2) kurangnya pengawasan dari tiap individu selama di lapang- an, (3) dari pengamatan dan wawancara dengan peserta didik, terdapat peserta didik yang me- milki tipe-tipe visual, kinestetik dan audio, dari hasil wawancara ditemukan peserta didik kurang begitu tertarik dengan pembelajaran dikarenakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "bosan dengan aktivitas yang harus dilakukan, kurang begitu senang belajar di tempat yang ramai, dan menginginkan metode atau model belajar seperti ceramah, mengerjakan soal-soal, dan praktikum di laboratorium.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 151, "width": 219, "height": 237, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum peneliti mendapatkan data awal tentang perkembangan hasil belajar dari kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Pada kelas X semester 2 saat belum penjurusan, dari ketiga kelas regular masing-masing memiliki rata-rata 7,44; 7,21; dan 7,52. Sedangkan pada kelas XI semester 1, kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata kelas sebesar78,33 dan kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata kelas sebesar 77,47. berdasarkan Tabel 4, ditemukan perbedan ketuntasan belajar pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol pada tiap indikator yang diberikan. Pada kelas eksperimen memiliki ketuntasan lebih baik pada indikator soal ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-7, ke-8, dan ke-9, sedangkan pada kelas kontrol memiliki ketuntasan belajar lebih baik pada indikator ke-6 dan ke-10. Secara akumulasi indikator, ketun- tasan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen sebesar 62,93% dan kelas kontrol sebesar 57,20%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 391, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada hasil aspek kognitif diperoleh rata- rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 62,93, dan rata- rata kelas kontrol sebesar 57,20. Hasil minat belajar peserta didik, pada kelas eksperimen me- miliki rata-rata sebesar 67,50, dan pada kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata sebesar 65,65. Se- dangkan hasil belajar berpikir kreatif peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebe- sar 74,91, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 65,56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 518, "width": 219, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data-data tersebut bahwa produk akhir yang dikembangkan dalam peneli- tian ini secara garis besar membawa pengaruh pencapaian hasil belajar bagi peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 574, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deskripsi Produk Akhir", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 593, "width": 219, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk akhir, yakni silabus, RPP, LKPD, dan tes hasil belajar dikembangkan berdasarkan standar kompetensi lulusan dan standar isi untuk satuan pendidikan menengah sesuai dengan pola pembelajaran pada setiap tahun ajaran tertentu. Selain itu juga menyesuaikan dengan karakter- istik peserta didik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 681, "width": 218, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk yang dikembangkan ini didasar- kan pada prinsip yang ada, yakni: (1) prinsip ilmiah, bahwa isi produk mengandung kebenar- an dan dapat dipertanggungjawabankan; (2) relevan, cakupan, kedalaman, tingkat kesukaran dan urutan penyajian materi sesuai dengan per- kembangan jaman, perkembangan fisik, intelek- tual peserta didik, sosial, emosional, dan spiri-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 42, "width": 241, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 2 (1), 2016 - 32 Hatta Yarid, Ariswan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 799, "width": 201, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2016, Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA Print ISSN: 2406-9205, Online ISSN: 2477-4820", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 187, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tual peserta didik; (3) sistematis, komponen- komponen saling berhubungan secara fungsional dalam mencapai kompetensi; (4) memadai, cakupan indikator, materi pokok, pengalaman belajar, sumber belajar, dan sistem penilaian cukup untuk menunjang pencapaian kompetensi dasar; (5) aktual dan kontekstual, cakupan indi- kator, materi pokok, pengalaman belajar, sum- ber belajar, dan sistem penilaian memperhatikan perkembangan ilmu, teknologi, dan seni muta- khir dalam kehidupan nyata, dan peristiwa yang terjadi; (6) fleksibel, keseluruhan komponen produk dapat mengakomodasi keragaman peser- ta didik, pendidik, serta dinamika perubahan yang terjadi di sekolah dan tuntutan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 219, "height": 187, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara garis besar produk silabus dan RPP tidak meninggalkan kaidah ketentuan yang sudah ada, akan tetapi terdapat beberapa pengembangan dari segi metode, model, sampai pada langkah pembelajaran. Metode dan model pembelajaran yang digunakan menitikberatkan pada peningkatan kemampuan berpikir ilmiah peserta didik. Hal ini dikarenakan proses pem- belajaran problem based learning dengan fieldtrip , siswa memang diberi kelugasan dalam menganalisis objek kajian sampai bagaimana kemudian siwa diharuskan menemukan sebuah solusi dari masalah pada objek kajian. Sehingga produk ini secara umum sangat menekankan pada proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 218, "height": 162, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada produk LKPD dan lembar tes hasil belajar berupa berpikir kreatif, pengembangan yang dilakukan adalah terdapat sebuah pernyata- an atau deskripsi pada produk yang memberikan gambaran umum secara fakta bahwa siswa ditekankan mencari sebuah solusi dari masalah yang diberikan oleh pendidik. Selain itu pada lembar LKPD dan tes belajar, proses berpikir ilmiah tetap diperhatikan dengan tidak meng- hilangkan unsur dari sintaks pembelajaran problem based learning, mulai dari merumuskan masalah sampai menemukan solusi dari masalah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk yang berupa tes minat yang di- kembangkan adalah produk ini mengukur aspek tentang perhatian, ketertarikan pada materi, kesenangan pada materi pembelajaran , tingkat respon siswa selama pembelajaran, dan sikap keterbukaan yang ditunjukkan oleh siswa selama proses pembelajaran. Sehingga dari hal tersebut diharapkan pendidik mampu menemukan solusi dari masalah yang dialami oleh peserta didik selama di kelas dari berbagai sudut pandang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 758, "width": 218, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan pengembangan pada produk akhir berupa tes hasil belajar adalah terdapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 85, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kolaborasi indikator ketercapaian pembelajaran. Artinya peserta didik diharuskan mencari solusi diluar indikator guna menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan selama proses pembelajaran. Se- hingga dalam hal ini peserta didik diajarkan untuk selalu melakukan kegiatan eksplorasi pada sumber belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 182, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 201, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 219, "width": 219, "height": 150, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun kesimpulan penelitian adalah: (1) perangkat pembelajaran fisika dinyatakan layak dengan kriteria baik, (2) hasil belajar pada aspek kognitif diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen se- besar 62,93, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 57,20. Hasil minat belajar peserta didik, pada kelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata sebesar 67,50, dan pada kelas kontrol memiliki rata-rata sebesar 65,65. Sedangkan hasil belajar berpikir kreatif peserta didik diperoleh rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 74,91, dan rata-rata kelas kontrol sebesar 65,56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 377, "width": 31, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 396, "width": 219, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun saran dalam penelitian adalah: (1) peneliti lain perlu memperhatikan sinergisitas waktu antara agenda pembelajaran di kelas, agenda program sekolah, dan tempat fieldtrip; (2) sebaiknya ditambahkan aspek lain selain aspek yang sudah diujikan dalam penelitian, misalnya aspek keterampilan proses, sehingga diperoleh gambaran lebih jelas pengaruh model problem based of learning melalui kegiatan fieldtrip terhadap hasil belajar secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 541, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 560, "width": 218, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antwi, V. & Oppong, C. 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A comparison of problem-based learning and traditional lecture students’ expectations and course grades in an introductory physics classroom. Academic Journals Scientific Research and Essay , Vol 4 (8), 753-762. http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 219, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selçuk, G.S. (2010). The effects of problem- based learning on pre-service teachers’ achievement, approaches and attitudes towards learning physics. International Journal of the Physical Sciences , 5(6), 711-723.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 296, "width": 176, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://boltz.ccne.ufsm.br/pub/mpeac/oth er/selcuk_ijps_vol5_2010.pdf", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Semiawan, C., Tangyong, A. F., Belen, S.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 337, "width": 182, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Matahelemual, Y., & Suseloardjo, W.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 350, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1989). Pendekatan keterampilan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 362, "width": 139, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "proses . Jakarta: PT Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 88, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Slameto. (2013). Belajar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya . Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 128, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiarto, A., & Djukri, D. (2015). Pembelajaran berbasis SETS sebagai upaya meningkatkan kreativitas dalam pemecahan masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA, 1 (1), 1-11. Retrieved", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 204, "width": 178, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "from http://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/ji pi/article/view/4527", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 233, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tan, O. S. (2004). Cognition, metacognition,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 245, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and problem-based learning, inenhancing thinking through problem- based learning approaches . Singapore: Cengag Learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 299, "width": 218, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Trumper, R. (2006). Factors affecting junior high school students’ interest in physics. Journal of Science Education and Technology , 15(1), 47-58.", "type": "Text" } ]

[ { "left": 149, "top": 36, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Equalita, Vol. 2 Issue 2, Desember 2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 48, "width": 354, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avaliable online at http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/equalita/article/view/7457", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 72, "width": 393, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan oleh Pusat Studi Gender dan Anak LP2M IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 793, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ 2020 Naila Farah. Jurnal Equalita", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 124, "width": 439, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERGESERAN PERAN GENDER : STUDI KASUS MULTIPERAN TKW DI DESA PURWAJAYA KECAMATAN KRANGKENG KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 201, "width": 128, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 243, "width": 473, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Received: 25 Oktober 2020  Accepted: 26 November 2020  Published online : 30 Desember", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 377, "top": 257, "width": 26, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 456, "height": 300, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender masih menjadi pembahasan strategis baik di rana sosial maupun akademik. Isu gender menjadi legitimasi untuk meruntuhkan pemahaman superioritas berdasarkan jenis kelamin. Di Indonesia, isu gender juga melahirkan paradigma baru. Keterbukaan informasi publik didukung makin lenturnya regulasi yang semula membatasi peran-peran strategis perempuan membuat persolan seksualitas tidak lagi menjadi halangan untuk melebarkan peran gender. Pemahaman ini juga telah menjalar ke berbagai pelosok. Misalnya di Indramayu. masyarakat justru mempraktikan langsung peran-peran gender yang tidak lagi bergantung pada identitas seksualitasnya seperti, pergeseran peran gender antara perempuan dan laki-laki. Khususnya bagi keluarga TKW. Perempuan yang bekerja sebagai TKW, punya multiperan menjadi ibu rumah tangga (IRT), TKW Indramayu juga menjadi andalan dalam mendulang rupiah untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan keluarga besar. Dari sini, pembahasaan mengenai pergeseran peran gender dipandang menarik. Kajian gender bersentuhan langsung dengan kehidupan masyarakat di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu yang banyak bekerja sebagai TKW. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan, pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan etnografi. Metode etnografi ialah suatu metode atau ilmu mengenai (gambaran) etnik, suku, bangsa atau masyarakat. Metode ini menggambarkan keadaan masyarakat yang diteliti dalam hal ini perempuan yang bekerja sebagai TKW di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan terjadinya pergeseran peran gender TKW di desa tersebut, yang kemudian jika dilebarkan lagi, TKW di desa tersebut menjalankan multiperan gender. Bukan hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga, melainkan menjadi penopang ekonomi utama keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 347, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Gender, TKW, Seksualitas, Feminisme, Maskulinitas, Multiperan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 57, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 615, "width": 458, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender is still a strategic discussion both in social and academic aspects. Gender issue becomes legitimate to undermine the superiority understanding based on sex. In Indonesia, gender issues also gives a new paradigm. The public information openness is supported by flexibility regulations that limited women's strategic roles initially, making sexuality issues is no longer obstacle to expand gender roles. This understanding also spread to various place, as Indramayu. The society practices gender roles directly without depending on their sexual identity, such as shifting gender roles between women and men. Especially for the families of TKW. Women who work as women migrant worker, have multiple roles, they not only become a housewives, women migrant worker Indramayu but also a mainstay in gaining rupiah to fulfill family needs. There for, the discussion about the shift in gender roles is considered interesting. The gender study is in direct contact with the people who live in Purwajaya, Krangkeng, Indramayu, who become women migrant worker. This research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 458, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "includes field research, the method uses ethnographic approach. Ethnographic method is a method or knowledge of ethnicity, ethnicity, nation or society. This method describes the condition of the community studied, in this case women who work as women migrant worker in Purwajaya, Krangkeng, Indramayu. From the results of the research, the authors found that there was a shift in the gender roles of women migrant worker in the village, widely women migrant worker in the village have gender multi-roles. Not only as a housewife, but also as the main economic family support..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 375, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Gender, women migrant worker, Sex, Feminism, Masculinity, Multirole", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 459, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak digulirkannya isu kesetaraan gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan, makin banyak saja perempuan yang menjalankan peran sosial yang lazimnya hanya bisa dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Hal inipun diperkuat dengan makin mudahnya akses untuk mendapatkan posisi, baik dalam pekerjaan maupun dalam hal publik lainnya, bagi perempuan. Sehingga turut mendorong pergeseran peran gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 456, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam banyak hal, perempuan bahkan bisa lebih ahli di bidang-bidang yang banyak dilakoni laki-laki. Misalnya, menjadi manager perusahaan, menjadi mekanik pesawat terbang hingga menjadi pemimpin negera sekali pun. Hal yang sebelumnya dianggap tabu bahkan mustahil terjadi. Di sisi lain, tidak sedikit pula laki-laki yang lebih mahir dalam hal memasak, merawat anak, hingga mengurus kebutuhan rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 456, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian ahli menyebut fenomena pergeseran peran sosial ini sebagai salah satu dampak dari pola pikir kritis masyarakat yang makin terbuka. Sehingga tidak heran, dalam kurun waktu 3 dekade terakhir, identitas biologis tidak lagi menjadi pembatas antara laki-laki dan perempuan di ruang publik. Fakta seperti itu sudah mewabah di mana-mana. Mulai dari daerah perkotaan sampai dengan kampung-kampung di daerah- daerah tertinggal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 456, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satunya di Indramayu. Misalnya, para prempuan dalam masa produktif di Indramayu mempunyai motivasi sangat kuat untuk menjadi tulang punggung keluarga. Hal yang seharusnya dilakukan oleh laki-laki. Sulitnya ekonomi dan daya beli masyarakat yang rendah membuat roda ekonomi di Indramayu berputar lamban. Sehingga salah satu cara yang ditempuh ialah dengan menjadi TKW (Tenaga Kerja Wanita) di luar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 687, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jumlah TKW terus meningkat dari tahun ketahun, hal ini karena permasalahan yang melanda kabupaten ini sangat mendukung sehingga memotivasi para perempuan muda untuk menjadi TKW. Kurangnya lapangan pekerjaan dan tidak berkembangnya ekonomi di wilayah di Indramayu dianggap menjadi biang keladi kepergian TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "184", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi ekonomi tersebut sebenarnya disebabkan oleh tidak berkembangnya industri di Indramayu karena kebijakan politik pemerintah pusat menetapkan Indramayu sebagai lumbung padi Jawa Barat. Ketetapan ini menyebabkan tidak adanya investasi untuk pembangunan industri. Padahal industri menyerap lapangan pekerjaan. Kelangkaan lapangan pekerjaan juga berpengaruh kepada daya beli masyarakat. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 456, "height": 162, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang makin mencengangkan, jumlah perempuan yang berangkat ke luar negeri untuk menjadi TKW ternyata lebih banyak daripada laki-laki yang menjadi TKI. Seperti yang terjadi di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu. Letak geografisnya yang jauh dari perkotaan, desa ini merupakan salah satu desa pelosok dan terpencil, letaknya di perbatasan Kabupaten Indramayu dan Kabupaten Cirebon. Arah selatan, timur, dan barat adalah kawasan Kabupaten Cirebon hanya dari arah utara yang masih kawasan Kabupaten Indramayu. Ada empat blok di desa ini dengan masing- masing blok terdapat pekerja migran yang menjadi pekerja di luar negri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 456, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari RW 1 Blok Sumurjaya atau Mentol jumlah perempuan yang berangkat ke luar negeri berjumlah 44 orang dengan prosentasi 81,48 persen. Dan di RW 02 Blok Singajaya atau Brotol perempuan yang berangkat jumlahnya 80 orang dengan prosentasi 84,21. Kemudian di RW 03 Blok Bangunarja atau BRJ perempuan yang berangkat jumlahnya 30 orang dengan prosentasi 85,71 persen.Selanjutnya di RW 04 Blok Bangunjaya atau Templik perempuan yang berangkat 51 orang dengan prosentasi 70,83 persen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 456, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebanyakan buruh migran adalah TKW. Hal ini sekaligus mengukuhkan bahwa perempuan di desa tersebut, selain menjadi ibu rumah tangga juga menjalankan peran sebagai tulang punggung keluarga dalam hal ekonomi. Hal inilah yang disebut multiperan gender dalam skripsi ini. Di mana para TKW bisa menjalankan lebih dari satu peran gender sebagai perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 456, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemaparan di atas menunjukan, selain sebagai ibu rumah tangga, perempuan di Desa Purwajaya juga menjalankan peran ganda, yakni sebagai penompang ekonomi keluarga saat menjadi TKW. Sedangkan sepulangnya dari negera lain, para perempuan kembali menjadi ibu rumah tangga sekaligus ibu bagi anak-anak meraka. Kemampuan untuk menjalankan peran ganda bagi perempuan di desa tersebut bakal menjadi pokok bahasannya dalam tulisan ini dengan mengetengahkan temuan-temuan di lapangan seputar kehidupan perempuan di Desa Purwajaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 739, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Wawancara dengan ketua SBMI (Serikat Buruh Migran Indonesia) DPC Indramayu yang bernama kang Juarih pada hari Sabtu, 12 Desember 2018 pukul 13.00 WIB di sekretariatnya di Desa Krasak Kecamatan Jatibarang Kabupaten Indramayu bersama teman-teman anggota IKMI (Ikatan Keluarga Mahasiswa Indramayu) Se-Wilayah Cirebon.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 77, "width": 456, "height": 85, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan, pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan etnografi. Metode etnografis ialah suatu metode atau ilmu mengenai (gambaran) etnik atau suku bangsa atau masyarakat.Metode ini menggambarkan sifat suatu keadaan yang sementara berjalan pada saat penelitian, dan ikut terjun dalam kebiasaan dan aktivitas masyarakat serta memeriksa sebab-sebab dan alasan dari suatu gejala tertentu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 204, "width": 459, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor–Faktor Pendorong Perempuan di Desa Purwajaya Menjadi TKW Indramayu menjadi salah satu daerah penyumbang TKW terbanyak di Indonesia. Hal tersebut terjadi, salah satunya akibat minimnya lapangan kerja memadai bagi SDM mayoritas. SDM mayoritas yang dimaksud ialah kebanyakan masyarakat dengan kemampuan hidup, pendidikan dan strata sosial yang hampir sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain sektor pertanian, bekerja sebagai TKW bagi masyarakat Indramayu sudah menjadi alternatif untuk pembedayaan. Pasalnya, bekerja di luar negeri bagi TKW Purwajaya dianggap lebih cepat mendatangkan uang meski dengan pekerjaan yang hampir sama yang biasa di lakukan TKW ketika masih berada di rumah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 353, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal itu dibuktikan dengan keberhasilan TKW Desa Purwajaya dalam memainkan peran sebagai tulang punggung alternatif dalam keluarga selain ayah atau suaminya. Tak heran jika TKW sepulangnya dari luar negeri punya rumah lebih besar, sawah lebih luas dan akses terhadap kemudahaan mendapatkan sesuatu lebh mudah, karena banyak uang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran tersebut nampaknya makin memotivasi TKW tidak bisa lepas dari ketergantungan bekerja di luar negeri. Parahnya, kesuksesan dan keglamoran hidup TKW yang sukses, turut pula memantik rasa penasaran perempuan lain, umumnya masih berusia muda antara 17 sampai 25 tahun untuk mengikuti jejak pendahulu sebagai TKW. Para calon TKW ini kemudian merasa terpancing untuk menjadi TKW, setelah sukses mereka juga bakal menularkan semangat yang sama pada calon TKW berikutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis berhasil mendapatkan hasil wawancara mendalam dengan Kepala Desa (Kuwu) Purwajaya bahwa ada beberapa faktor mendasar mengapa perempuan di Desa Purwajaya lebih tertarik menjadi TKW ketimbang bekerja di sektor lain. Berikut adalah temuan penulis :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi menjadi salah satu komponen penting yang mempengaruhi sikap masyarakat. Dorongan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup tidak bisa dielakan. Sehingga apapun caranya, masyarakat secara instingtif bakal mencari solusi. Buruh migran, TKI secara umum, beranggapan, bekerja di luar negeri menjadi salah satu cara yang bisa ditempuh untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup yang terus menghimpit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyak alasan kenapa perempuan di Desa Purwajaya memilih berangkat menjadi TKW, salah satunya yaitu karena faktor ekonomi. Faktor ini merupakan mayoritas alasan para perempuan desa mengapa memilih menjadi TKW. Pada dasarnya hal itu dilandaskan karena kurangnya tanggung jawab dari seorang kepala keluarga (ayah atau suami) mereka. Penghasilan yang di dapat dari seorang suami yang pas-pasan, ditambah kebutuhan hidup yang semakin hari semakin meninggi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "186", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belum lagi banyaknya anak yang semakin membuat kebutuhan keluarga semakin membengkak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 456, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ternyata beberapa faktor itu membuat sang istri atau anak perempuan mereka terpaksa dengan berat hati meninggalkan kampung halamannya untuk mencari rezeki di negeri orang guna menafkahi keluarganya. Hal ini seolah terjadi pergeseran peran dimana yang mencari nafkah yang seharusnya di pikul oleh seorang ayah atau suami, akan tetapi di Desa Purwajaya kebanyakan seorang ibu atau anak perempuan merekalah yang menafkahi keluarganya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sungguh ironi, akan tetapi apa boleh buat keadaan ekonomilah yang membawanya menjadi TKW. Hal ini pada mulanya terpaksa namun ternyata setelah menjadi TKW itu mereka merasa keenakan, nyaman dan menguntungkan kemudian pada akhirnya mereka menjadi terbiasa dengan mengantongi predikat TKW, bahkan ada yang merasa bangga dengan menjadi TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang janda muda dengan menyandang status sebagai TKW banyak juga para lelaki baik yang masih jejaka ataupun sudah duda yang kepincut melihat janda muda yang baru pulang dari negera orang. Kenapa demikian?, salah satu alasannya adalah karena gaya penampilannya yang fashionable, modis, dan menggoda, seolah memancarkan cahaya. Bagi kalangan janda menjadi TKW bukan hanya bertujuan mencari rezeki di negara orang, namun merupakan dijadikan sebagai jalan pintas untuk mendapatkan jodoh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 457, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artinya, di sini lah letak kenapa disebut menggoda. Tidak tanggung-tanggung banyak di Desa Purwajaya yang satusnya janda muda yang sepulang dari negara orang telah mempunyai rumah sendiri, motor sendiri dan sebidang tanah yang lumayan luas seolah memberikan kode kepada para laki-laki agar cepat meminangnya. Rumah, sawah, dan kendaraan sendiri merupakan iming-iming agar laki-laki tergoda. Hasil itu semua berkat jerih payahnya selama menjadi TKW di negara orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebenarnya masalah vitalnya adalah kemiskinan atau ekonomi rendah dalam hal memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Dari 1300 KK (Kepala Keluarga) di Desa Purwajaya hampir 75 persennya keluarga pra sejahtera atau kurang mampu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 459, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang tak kalah memprihatinkan, mudahnya TKW Purwajaya melangkahkan kaki ke negeri orang ialah kehidupan di desa yang tidak menjanjikan kesejahteraan yang layak. Kalau pun bisa, hanya untuk makan sehari – hari saja. Selebihnya, masyarakat harus bekerja lebih lebih giat lagi untuk memperoleh tambahan penghasilan baik untuk konsumsi harian maupun untuk kebutuhan lainnnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keadaan penduduk desa yang didominasi masyarakat kurang mampu dalam katergori pemerintah, memaksa masyarakat menjalani pekerjaan seadannya. Pasalnya, dalam kurun waktu satu bulan, rata–rata keluarga di Desa Purwajaya hanya mengantongi Rp500 ribu saja. Itu pun bakal digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan. Sedangkan biaya kebutuhan hidup justru lebih besar dari pada pemasukan rata- rata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tuntutan gaya hidup serta kebutuhan ekonomi yang terus meningkat, mau tidak mau membuat calon TKW harus berpikir dua kali untuk tetap bertahan di desa. Dalam kondisi dilematis seperti ini, berbagai cara akhirnya akan ditempuh. Termasuk merelakan salah satu anggota keluarga menjadi TKW di luar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bekerja sebagai TKW, memungkinkan perempuan desa punya penghasilan yang lebih besar ketimbang bekerja seadanya di desa. Bahkan, dalam sebulan gaji TKW bisa menyamai gaji pekerja laki – laki yang bekerja serabutan di desa selama 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 134, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bulan. Tawaran gaji yang besar sebenarnya merupakan imbas dari besarnya upah minimun yang ditetapkan di masing – masing negara tujuan TKW. Hongkong misalnya, TKW yang bekerja di sana bisa mengantongi gaji bulanan hingga Rp5 juta Bandingkan dengan di desa. Untuk mendapatkan gaji dengan nilai yang sama, perempuan desa harus menjadi seorang pegawai di BUMN dengan pendidikan paling rendah SMA. Itu pun tidak mudah mendapatkan posisi pekerjaan yang dimaksud. Dengan menjadi TKW, perempuan juga hanya disibukan dengan pekerjaan yang cenderung statis, motonon dan selalu berulang. Sehingga, sepertinya dapat dilakukan oleh siapapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "”Bisane kita pengen pengen mabur marani Taiwankuh, ya jelas karena gaji e gede, lan menggawene ringan. Ora kaya ning Jakarta meggawene berat gaji e ora sepira, cuma cukup enggo mangan dewek bae. Ari menggawe meng luar negeri sih mending bae bisa nyukupi kebutuhan mangan lan bisa ngirimi enggo anak lan keluarga. Bahkan bisa mbangun umah dewek, tuku sawah, motor lan bisa nyekolahna anak, ambir pinter aja kaya kita sekolah mung tamatan SD”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 281, "width": 457, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ari reang sih selaku agen atau sponsor sing ngupai dalan kanggo wong wadon sing masih prawan, rangda atawa wong wadon sing masih duwe laki sing pengen miyang meng luar negeri ya tek pai iming-imingi gaji gede, tunjangan selama ning PT ya ana, proses mudah, ora mabur ya duit balik maning.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ramai-ramai bekerja sebagai TKW bagi perempuan Desa Purwajaya ternyata membawa dampak siginifkan bagi perubahan gaya bekerja masyarakat desa. Misalnya, menjadi TKW kini bukan barang baru yang tabu. Bahkan menjadi menjadi TKW bukan sekedar mencari penghidupan, melainkan sudah menjadi gaya hidup baru. Karena dengan menjadi TKW seperti dipastikan kemampuan ekonominya bakal meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meminjam istilah Mansour Fakih, konstruksi sosial tentang suatu perilaku jika dilakukan beramai-ramai dan berulang, makan lama-lama kelamaan akan dipahami sebagai suatu kebenaran. Minimalnya, perilaku tersebut menjadi norma baru yang jika tidak dilakukan berdampak sangsi sosial. Hal ini terjadi di Desa Purwajaya. Kebiasaan sebagian besar perempuan menjadi TKW membuat sebagian lainnya, meski pun tidak berniat menjadi TKW pada akhirnya harus menyerah. Di samping himpitan ekonomi, kekuatan sosial yang mengkonstruksi perempuan menempuh jalur cepat mendapatkan penghidupan yang layak harus tunduk pada norma itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 459, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tren TKW di Desa Purwajaya kini menjadi budaya baru yang sulit dibantah. Dari olah data yang dilakukan, dalam tulisan ini disimpulkan faktor lingkungan dalam mendorong tingginya minat perempuan di desa tersebut bekerja sebagai TKW sangat besar bisa disebabkan beberapa hal berikut ini;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti masyarakat perkampungan pada umumnya, mengenyam pendidikan tinggi bagi masyarakat Desa Purwajaya masih menjadi hal langka. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari komposisi penduduk berdasarkan jenjang pendidikan yang ditamatkan, pendidikan Sekolah Dasar (SD) yaitu sebanyak 1078 orang atau 51,5 persen, SLTP (SMP) sebanyak 277 orang atau 13,2 persen, SLTA (SMA) sebanyak 93 orang atau 4,4 persen, D1/D3 sebesar 21 orang atau 1,0 persen dan Universitas atau Perguruan Tinggi sebanyak 22 orang atau 1,0 persen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 460, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan juga membatasi akes masyarkat untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan formal yang layak. Sehingga, penyerapan tenaga kerja di sektor informal masih mendominasi. Pasalnya, dari 51,5 persen masyarakat hanya berhasil menamatkan pendidikan di tingkat dasar saja, sedangkan untuk pekerjaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "188", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dengan upah minimum regional (UMR) biasanya harus menamatkan pendidikan di tingkat SMA atau sederajat. Itu pun jumlahnya sangat terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tak berhenti sampai di situ, bagi masyarakat yang beruntung bisa menamatkan pendidikan hingga jenjang SMA, juga masih harus bersaing ketat dengan lulusan dari desa lain untuk mendapatkan pekerjaan. Biasannya tamatan SMA juga bekerja di sektor migran dengan menjadi buruh pabrik atau karyawan outsourching di Karawang, Bekasi, Cikarang dan kawasan industri lain di Jawa Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari sinilah muncul berbagai kebuntuan dalam mencari pekerjaan. Tak heran kemudian, pilihan lain yang bisa ditempuh ialah dengan menjadi TKW. Di sisi lain, bekerja menjadi TKW jutsru dapat dilakukan bagi sebagian besar perempuan tanpa disyarati pendidikan jenjang pendidikan formal. Hal ini kemudian memperbesar kesempatan perempuan desa menjadi TKW. Hal ini yang memicu banyak perempuan berbondong – bondong memilih bekerja sebagai TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluarga memberikan andil penting bagi perempuan desa untuk memutuskan menjadi TKW. Selain alasan ekonomi, keluarga TKW umumnya juga mengharapkan agar anak atau istri yang menjadi TKW mendapatkan penghidupan yang layak baik bagi diri sendiri maupun keluarga TKW secara umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 459, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dorongan keluarga biasanya dibedakan menjadi dua sebab. Pertama, jika TKW adalah anak perempuan dari satu keluarga dengan status masih lajang, biasanya diberangkatkan menjadi TKW dengan tujuan untuk menghindari pergaulan tidak sehat di desa. Pasalnya, membiarkan anak gadis tinggal lama di desa tanpa kemampuan yang cukup untuk membekali diri rawan terjerat pergaulan bebas yang oleh masyarakat desa dianggap sebagai hal yang kurang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 400, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapat ini mudah ditemui dari keluarga TKW yang memberangkatkan anak perempuan yang masih dalam keadaan lajang. Situasi desa yang memungkinkan siapa saja mendapat perlakukan di luar batas kewajaran. Dengan diberangkatkan menjadi TKW, perempuan muda diharapkan lebih tenang dalam mencari uang untuk kebutuhan keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 459, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, sebab kedua yang membuat keluarga TKW rela ditinggal ke luar negeri ialah, bagi TKW yang sudah berkeluarga (menikah) biasanya termotivasi karena ingin memberikan kesejahteraan yang lebih bagi keluarga. Penghasilan tulang punggung keluarga, dalam hal ini suami yang hanya cukup untuk makan sehari – hari, mau tidak mau menuntut TKW kian bergairah untuk menuntaskan masalah ekonomi keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 459, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menjamurnya agen penyalur tenaga kerja mempermudah harapan perempuan di Desa Purwajaya. Hal ini juga yang membuat jumlah TKW dari tahun ke tahun di desa ini terus mengalami peningkatan.Desa Purwajaya kini dikenal dengan desa penyumbang TKW terbesar di Kecamatan Krangkeng, Indramayu. Bahkan, saking banyaknya, menjadi TKW kini sudah menjadi kebutuhan untuk mencari penghidupan yang layak dengan cara instan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bekerja keluar negeri ternyata mudah dengan berdirinya sejumlah agen yang menangani kepergian TKW mulai dari perijinan, dokuman dan pekerjaan di luar negeri. Maraknya agen-agen pengirim tenaga kerja dengan janji yang menggiurkan dan pihak pemerintah setempat tidak membatasi hal ini. Bahkan melalui anggaran khusus APBD untuk TKW, pemda mendorong lajunya arus kepergian masyarakat keluar negeri dengan cara meminjamkan uang sebesar Rp.1.000.000 untuk biaya dokumen dan persiapan ke luar negeri. Untuk menghimbau TKW yang belum berkeluarga, siswa-siswa tamatan SMA diberikan pinjaman uang, disamping", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memfasilitasi mereka dengan BLK (Balai Latihan Kerja) dan advokasi. Ketika kita mencermati aspek motivasi yang dibangun oleh faktor ekonomi, sosial-budaya dan kondisis setempat maka kita mau tidak mau harus menerima bahwa TKI yang dalam penelitian ini TKW akan terus-menerus bertambah jumlahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 459, "height": 148, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedikitnya, sudah ada 5 agen penyalur TKW di Desa Purwajaya. Masing – masing agen bekerja untuk beberapa PJTKI yang berkantor pusat di Jakarta. Agen TKW yang berada di desa kebanyakan adalah warga desa asli. Mereka bertugas mencari perempuan – perempuan yang ingin bekerja menjadi TKW. Bekerja menjadi agen TKW di Desa Purwajaya kini lebih mudah. Pasalnya, agen tidak perlu sepunuhnya repot – repot mencari calon TKW, kebanyakan TKW yang sudah beberapa kali berangkat kerja ke luar negeri biasanya meminta jasa agen yang sama untuk mengurus semua keperluan, termasuk memberi rekomendasi bakal bekerja di mana dengan majikan siapa. Keberadaan agen – agena TKW ini lah yang bagi keluarga TKW dianggap sebagai orang berjasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berangkat menjadi TKW menggunakan jasa para agen TKW bisa dipastikan mendapat beberapa kemudahan. Terurama kemudahan dalam hal perizinan dari kantor imigrasi negara asal dan negera tujuan. Pasalnya, PJTKI yang mempekerjakan para agen sudah melakukan kerja sama dengan sejumlah pihak ditambah proses perizinan yang lengkap. Ditambahlagi, jika calon TKW memilih berangkat sendiri tanpa melalui agen TKW, dipastikan akan menemui kesulitan. Di samping itu, kebanyakan calon TKW juga lebih jalur yang lebih mudah, aman dan tingkat keberhasilan mendapatkan pekerjaannya juga lebih besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 459, "height": 119, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Walaupun menggunakan jasa agen TKI untuk mengurusi peberangkatan juga dikenakan bisaya yang cukup tinggi. Agen biasanya melakukan perjanjian dengan calon TKW sebelum diberangkatkan. Jika calon TKW punya uang tunai cukup, biaya administrasi dan pemberangkatan bisa langusng dibayarkan di muka. Tetapi, jika calon TKW hanya bermodalkan semangat kerja tanpa uang sama sekali, agen TKW tetap menerima dan memberangkatkan calon TKW tersebut. Dengan perjanjian potong gaji bulanan untuk melunasi seluruh biaya yang dibutuhkan sebelum calon TKW bekerja ke negara tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 457, "height": 133, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kuatnya kultur patriarki berakar pada perspektif tentang kodrat, tugas dan peran perempuan yang secara tradisional meniscayakan bahwa peran dan fungsi perempuan diidentifikasi sebagai pelaku peran-peran reproduksi dan peran-peran domestik, karena perempuan dimitoskan memiliki berbagai keterbatasan jika melakukan peran-peran publik. Tradisi juga mengajarkan bahwa perempuan itu dipimpin bukan memimpin. Lemahnya posisi perempuan juga disebabkan ketergantungan yang cukup tinggi kepada laki-laki baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi, ini antara lain diakibatkan ketertinggalan perempuan di bidang pendidikan yang selanjutnya berimplikasi pada bidang-bidang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari perspektif kultur, keterpurukan perempuan disebabkan ketebatasan, ketertinggalan dan ketidakmampuan kultur perempuan berkompetisi dengan laki- laki. Sedangkan dari perspektif struktural, keterpurukan perempuan terkait dengan model kebijakan politik yang digulirkan di tengah masyarakat. Kebijakan tersebut ternyata justru melahirkan kondisi struktural yang merugikan kaum perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bekerja menjadi TKW di luar negeri bukan hal pilihan sulit bagi banyak perempuan usia produktif di Desa Purwajaya. Selain, saat ini akses untuk mendapatkan informasi pemberangkatan ke luar negeri terbilang mudah. Banyak biro jasa pemberangkatan TKW tak hanya menawarkan kenyamatan sebelum dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "190", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saat pemberangkatan, beberapa biro bahkan menjanjikan pekerjaan yang akan didapat bagi calon TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di samping itu, menjadi TKW di luar negeri bahkan bisa dilakukan nyaris tanpa modal awal. Hal ini membuat perempuan dari kelas ekonomi apa saja punya kesempatan besar menjadi TKW. Termasuk dari kelas ekonomi lemah. Antusias masyarakat kelas ekonomi lemah justru punya alasan lebih besar untuk bekerja menjadi TKW di luar negeri. Lebih lagi dorongan dari orang terdekat untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak uang menjadi TKW di luar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 457, "height": 133, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor yang selanjutnya adalah perintah orang tua dan pengaruh lingkungan sekitar. Faktor ini juga tidak kalah urgennya dalam mencetak kader-kader TKW- TKW yang selanjutnya. Artinya dua faktor ini seolah menjadi seperti pabrik yang direktur utamanya adalah orang tua mereka sendiri dan mesin pabriknya yaitu lingkungan sekitar. Tidak heran di Desa Purwajaya hampir setiap keluarganya itu tidak ada yang tidak menjadi TKW. Entah itu anak perempuannya maupun istri dari suaminya pasti pernah menjadi TKW. Regenerasi kader-kader TKW berjalan dengan lancar karena di dukung juga oleh Pemerintah Desa (PEMDES), dan banyaknya agen sponsor atau PT yang memberikan akses mudah dalam mencetak TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 457, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyak orang tua yang secara terang-terangan menyuruh anak perempuannya untuk menjadi TKW. Seperti halnya yang terjadi pada keluarga Ibu Kasmi yang menyuruh anak perempuannya untuk menjadi TKW hingga bertahun-tahhun. Berikut pemaparannya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 456, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "”Kita wong ora due papa nang, ncak gah ya wong desa sing pada melasa ning kita kuh, laki kita wis laka ninggal lawas, kita ya wis pekrok wis tua, due e mung anak wadon mung-mung e. Kun gah sengaja tek kongkon kon mekaya ning luar ambiran kebutuhan ning umah bisa ditutupi, bating yen prawan kita e ora kon mabur mah, arep nyagarna mangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Durung maning baka unggal bengi anak wadon e kita demenan bae iku pegawean e, dari pada demenan bae kena omong wong sejen sing ora-ora, mending sengaja tek ongkon mabur bae ning Taiwan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 457, "height": 88, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ibu Dayinah alasan kenapa menyuruh anaknya yaitu untuk menutupi kebutuhan rumah seperti makan utuk kesehariannya, dan juga setoran listrik. Juga untuk menghindari pacaran yang tidak sehat dan gunjingan dari orang lain. Menurutnya menjadikan anaknya sebagai TKW adalah jalan satu-satunya untuk menyambung hidup, artinya anaknya tersebut menjadi tulang punggung keluarga dalam membangun ekonomi keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. Pergeseran Peran Gender: Melongok Multi Peran Gender TKW di Desa Purwajaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 609, "width": 367, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pergeseran Peran Gender Menghasilkan Multiperan Gender", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 459, "height": 148, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran gender adalah pembagian tugas sosial termasuk budaya dan politik serta seluruh unsur hak – hak publik antara laki – laki dan perempuan yang secara khusus menjadi karakter dari identitas biologis. Peran gender lebih cenderung mengindentifikasi perbedaan laki – laki dan perempuan dari aktivitas – aktivitas non fisik yang dilakukan, melainkan lebih pada peran sosial. Masing – masing indentitas biologis biasanya menjalankan hanya satu peran gender saja. Perempuan misalnya, lebih diidentikan dengan peran – peran gender khas perempuan. Seperti menjadi ibu rumah tangga, mengasuh anak dan lainnya. Begitu juga laki – laki. Peran gender yang melekat biasanya adalah pemimpin keluarga, pencari nafkah, berkuasa dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "191", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 119, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan terma multiperan gender menunjukan bahwa setiap identitas biologi dimungkinkan menjalankan lebih dari satu peran gender sekaligus. Terma ini yang akan digunakan untuk menggambarkan situasi masyarakat di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu. Di mana peran gender tertentu tidak melekat pasti pada laki – laki atau perempuan saja, melainkan bisa sebaliknya atau berbarengan peran terkait hal – hal tertentu. Dalam konteks ini, multiperan gender dimunculkan sebagai dampak dari terjadinya pergeseran peran gender yang terjadi di desa tersebut. Terutama di kalangan keluarga TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kini, hampir tidak bisa lagi membedakan lagi peran gender yang sebenarnya antara laki – laki dan perempuan. Sakralitas peran gender perlahan tapi pasti mulai menguap. Pasalnya, hampir di semua lini peran gender yang kini sudah ada di dalam maskulintitas dan feminis yang menjadi semangat tersendiri bagi pengkaji gender agar lebih berhati – hati dalam meneliti gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang sangat mendasar adalah pergeseran peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan hampir pasti sudah bukan menjadi masalah serius, kecuali bagi masyarakat dengan dogma yang sangat kuat percaya pada peran gender ntara laki – laki dan perempuan dibedakan atas dasar jenis kelamin. Dalam situasi masyarakat seperti ini, perbedaan pera gender begitu mencolok sehingga, secara turun – temurun pemahaman seperti ini akan terwarisi pada generasi selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 459, "height": 88, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun secara umum, masyarakar mulai menerima keterbukaan. Perlahan sakralitas peran gender mulai buyar dengan alasan sudah tidak sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Hal ini kemudian melahirkan pergeseran peran gender yang begitu masif. Yang lebih ekstrem, justru melahirkan multiperan gender. Di mana laki – laki dan perempuan dapat menjalankan dua peran gender sekaligus dalam bermasyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 459, "height": 118, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah lain untuk menggambarkan situasi seperti itu ialah bias gender. Di mana peran - peran gender yang dulu identik dengan maskulinitas dan feminisme perlahan mulai pudar, memuai, sampai pada akhirnya terjadi pergeseran. Nasaruddn Umar dalam bukunya Argumen Kesetaraan Gender Perspektif Al- Qur’an menjelaskan secara gamblang bahkan pergeseran peran gender pada akhirnya merupakan suatu yang tidak terelakan. Dulu, peran – peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan sangat jelas. Pembangian peran didasarkan atas kemampuan – kempuan fisik dan psikologis antara laki – laki dan perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 457, "height": 119, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laki – laki, yang rata – rata terlahir dengan tubuh lebih besar dan tenaga lebih kuat sangat cocok memainkan peran dalam tugas - tugas berat. Di samping, secara mentalitas, laki – laki dipandang lebih rasional dan stabil. Suatu potensi yang hanya sebagian kecil saja dimiliki perempuan. Sebaliknya, perempuan yang distereotipekan sebagai makhluk kelas kedua setelah laki – laki digambarkan sebagai mahluk lemah lebut, telaten, dan penuh perasaan. Hal ini yang membuat perempuan dinilai cocok memainkan perannya sebagai subordinasi dari kehebatan laki – laki. Paradigma ini terus menjalar dan meluas bahkan melintas generasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 459, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lambat laun, paradigma laki – laki lebih membidangi dari perempuan dalam segala urusan mulai runtuh. Nasaruddin Umar menuliskan, padangan – padangan gerakan feminisme yang mencuat sekitar abad 19 tentang kesetaraan peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan merupakan pangkal dari keruntuhan paradigma tersebut dominasi laki – laki atas perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 743, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gerakan feminisme terus menggurita. Menyeruak di sela – sela kemajuan zaman. Sampai sekarang, perjuangan gerakan ini masih bisa dirasakan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "192", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "banyaknya sempalan – sempalan yang mengusung keyakinan yang sama, yakni harus ada kesetaraan peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan untuk mewujudkan tatan sosial yang berkeadilan gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada akhirnya, gerakan – gerakan semacam ini terpolariasi dari tujuan awalnya. Gerakan ini tidak mendapat pertentangan yang berarti dari masyarakat. Memanfaatkan perubahan zaman dengan norma – norma yang dulu mengkebiri peran – peran strategis perempuan mulai lengang, gerakan feminisme yang menuntut kesetaraan gender pada akhirnya berhasil. Kini perempuan bisa menempati dan memainkan peran – peran gender yang dahulu hanya bisa dilakukan oleh laki – laki. Seperti menjadi seorang kepala negera, menjadi pimpinan perusahaan hingga menjadi pekerja berat yang membutuhkan banyak tenaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 459, "height": 163, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tak berhenti di situ, bahkan perempuan sudah bisa memainkan lebih dari satu peran gender sekaligus. Satu peran gender khas perempuan seperti memasakn dan urusan rumah tangga lainnya, juga sekalgis bisa melakukan hal – hal lain baik di dalam mapun di luar rumahny. Ruang publik bisa saja dikuasai perempuan tanpa embel – embelnya sebagai mahluk kelas dua. Jika ditinjau ulang gerakan feminisme nyatanya bukan saja telah menyetarakan peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan, tetapi sudah memunculkan paradigma baru bahwa terjadinya pergeseran peran gender memunculkan multiperan gender. Di mana laki – laki dan perempuan masing – masing tidak hanya menjalankan peran – peran khasnya, melainkan bisa bertukar peran bahkan menjalankan lebih dari satu peran gender secara bersamaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 400, "width": 313, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Pergeseran Peran Gender Perempuan Desa Purwajaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks pembahasan, peran gender perempuan di Desa Purwajaya juga telah mengalami pergeseran. Setidaknya, hal itu dapat ditinjau dari kebiasaan- kebiasaan yang selalu dilakukan perempuan dari waktu ke waktu. Dalam banyak bidang, pergeseran peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan di Desa Purwajaya sudah terjadi. Dari sudut pandang pekerjaan saja, banyak tugas laki-laki yang dikerjakan perempuan. Juga banyak pula laki – laki yang mengerjakan tugas- tugas keperempuanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 519, "width": 460, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluarga TKW yang ditinggal kerja di luar negeri, khususnya yang sudah punya anak usia balita akan menyerahkan pola asuh anaknya pada orang rumah yang ditinggal seperti suami, ayah atau kakek – nenek. Mau tidak mau, tugas seorang ibu untuk mengasuh anaknya tidak bisa dilaksanakan langsung. Mau tidak mau, peran ayah atau suami dari TKW tersebut yang mengambil alih pola asuh. Tak heran jika kemudian, anak yang seharusnya diasuh ibunya ma;ah diasuh bapaknya dan secara emosional lebih dekat dengan bapaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 623, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tinjauan Teoritis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 457, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Membicarakan hak asasi dan nasib kaum buruh perempuan termasuk TKW dapat di letakkan dalam dua kerangka perspektif yakni yang bersifat kondisional dan struktural. Analisis kondisional terhadap buruh perempuan menyangkut analisis terhadap nasib kaum buruh keseluruhan (buruh laki-laki dan perempuan) baik secara fisik bersifat jangka pendek, seperti melihat upah minimum, diskriminasi upah antara buruh laki-laki dan perempuan, kondisi kerja yang menyangkut keselamatan kerja, maupun hak untuk berorganisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 743, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis struktural lebih menekankan pada posisi buruh perempuan dalam keseluruhan struktur formasi sosial yang ada. Pada dasarnya kedua analisis tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "193", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak bisa dipisahkan, artinya analisis terhadap kondisi buruh perempuan harus diletakkan dalam perspektif struktural dalam kerangka jangka panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 208, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menetukan agenda perjuangan merubah nasib buruh, perlu kiranya mengaitkan persoalan hak asasi tingkat kondisional kaum buruh dengan perjuangan meletakkan posisi kau buruh sebagai faktor perubhan sosial. Perjuangan hak asasi merubah kondisi kaum buruh berkenaan dengan batas upah minimum kaum buruh, kondisi fisik dan jaminan kerja sosial dan sosial, sangatlah penting. Namun perjuangan ini harus dikaitkan dengan perjuangan yang lebih panjang, yakni memberi ruang kepada buruh untuk berorganisasi secara bebas, melakukan pendekatan kritis terhadap posisi struktural mereka, serta menghargai mereka sebagai kelompok aktor sejarah, dengan cara melibatkan kedalam segenap keputusan dan negosiasi yang menyangkut nasib mereka. Hanya dengan pendekatan seperti itulah persoalan kaum buruh dapat dipecahkan. Dengan cara itulah persoalan kaum buruh dapat dipecahkan. Dengan cara itulah pula berarti usaha selangkah menuju perubahan posisi struktural kaum buruh, yakni dari penghasilan nilai lebih menjadi penikmat nilai lebih yang dihasilkan, terjalani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tinjauan Faktual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 457, "height": 193, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktanya, pekerjaan sebagai TKW tidak selalu menggiurkan. Karena pada dasarnya iming-iming gaji yang besar, suasana luar negeri yang indah dan proses pemberangkatan pun dipermudah itu menjadi faktor utama kenapa pekerjaan sebagai TKW sangat menggiurkan. Artinya, segala hal tentang TKW itu selalu baik dan menggoda. Namun di sisi lain dibalik dari nikmatnya menjadi pekerja TKW itu ada sesuatu yang disebut menyengsarakan. Artinya, tidak semua para TKW ketika di luar negari itu diperlakukan dengan baik oleh majikannya dan tatkala pulang berjalan lancar dan mulus. Ada juga para TKW yang di luar negeri selalu disiksa oleh majikannya dan dilecehkan hak dan martabatnya, sehingga ada juga yang sepulang dari luar negeri pulang membawa anak. Perlakuan yang tidak menyenangkan yang didapatkan para TKW saat bekerja di luar negeri merupakan resiko lain yang harus ditanggung. Meski begitu, tetap saja mereka tidak kapok untuk kembali mengais rejeki di negeri orang. Jumlah TKW tetap saja banyak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 456, "height": 103, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perjuangan penuh resiko inilah yang kemudian oleh sebagian kalangan bahwa TKW selain tangguh juga pemberani. Keberanian meninggalkan keluarga karena butuh uang, juga keberanian menghadapi segala resiko buruk yang mungkin didapatkan di dalam proses pemberangkatan, proses kerja sampai sepulangnya dari negera tempatnya bekerja. Hal ini juga banyak dialami oleh TKW dari Desa Purwajaya. Bahkan beberapa diantaranya mengalami resiko paling fatal, yakni hilang tidak ada kabar setelah puluhan tahun bekerja sebagai TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 609, "width": 249, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C . Multiperan Gender TKW Desa Purwajaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 459, "height": 74, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak didengungkannya emansipasi wanita, pasca reformasi pengejewantahan konsepsi emansiasi dipahami secara berbeda oleh banyak orang. Ditambah gempuran kemajuan teknolgi dan informasi global yang membuat siapa saja bisa mengakses infomasi apa saja melalui internet. Hal ini membuat setiap orang seperti punya kebebasan untuk mengekspresikan diri mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 698, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika dirunut, dua faktor ini dominan menjadi penyebab munculnya gerakan feminisme yang mengusung kesetaraan gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan. Gerakan ini kemudian diperkuat dengan argumentasi politis yang membuat gerakan ini meluas hingga ke seluruh dunia. Di negara-negara berkembang, gender masih menjadi isu strategis untuk meningkatkan kualitas peran perempuan dalam berbagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "194", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 459, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bidang kehidupan. Baik di ranah privat maupun publik. Sudah banyak bukti, perempuan kini bisa menjalankan peran – peran publik yang sebelumnya hanya bisa dilakukan oleh laki – laki saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Misalnya menjadi atasan dalam sebuah perusahaan, mendirikan lembaga pendidikan, menjadi pimpinan sebuah organisasi hingga menjabat posisi strategis di instansi pemerintah maupun swasta. Hal ini kian menguatkan posisi perempuan semakin diakui. Dorongan ini, setelah masuk di lingkup yang lebih kecil menjadi pembenaran bagi perempuan untuk melakukan apa saja yang dilakukan laki – laki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 459, "height": 73, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu. Sudah bukan barang langka perempuan menjabat posisi strategis. Bupati Indramayu, selama dua periode bahkan dijabat seorang perempuan. Di tingkat bawah, masyarakat Indramayu pun tidak kebaratam jika perempuan berperan selayaknya laki – laki dalam kondisi tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih mengkrucut lagi, perempuan di Desa Purwajaya yang menjadi objek penelitian ini bahkan punya peran lebih ekstrim. Bukan lagi menjalankan kodratnya secara seksualitas sebagai perempuan seperti melahirkan dan dan menyusuai, mereka bahkan lebih dari itu. Di luar perannya sebagai perempuan pada umumnya, para perempuan di desa ini bahkan mengurusi segalanya dalam keluarga. Diandalkan dalam mengurusi keluarga juga diandalkan dalam mencari hal – hal yang berkaitan dengan materi. Banyak perempuan di Desa Purwajaya bahkan menjadi tulang punggung penyanggah ekonomi keluarga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 456, "height": 74, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tak hanya sambilan, mereka bahkan menjadi satu – satunya tulang punggung harapan keluarga dengan penghasilan yang cukup untuk menafkahi keluarga baik keluarga besar maupun keluarga inti. Banyak di antara meraka mendaftarkan diri sebagai pekerja di luar negeri atau TKI. Kecenderungan bekerja di luar negeri salah satunya disebabkan karena sempitnya lapangan kerja yang tersedia di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 459, "height": 103, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di level desa, salah satu lapangan pekerjaan yang mampu menyerap banyak lapangan kerja ialah di sektor pertanian. Sayangnya, sektor ini tidak banyak diminati karena dianggap sebagai pekerjaan kelas bawah yang tidak menghasilkan uang banyak dalam waktu dekat. Bahkan, pekerjaan di bidang ini dianggap pekerjaan berat yang dihindari, khususnya bagi kaum perempuan di Desa Purwajaya. Hal ini kian memperkuat minat perempuan untuk tidak bekerja di desa karena lapangan pekerjaan yang tidak variatif. Salah satu yang dipilih ialah dengan menjadi TKW.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 549, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perempuan sebagai Tulang Punggung Keluarga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 459, "height": 89, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran gender yang banyak diambil alih para perempuan di Desa Purwajaya ialah soal pekerjaan. Pekerja migran di desa tersebut didominasi perempuan. Desa Purwajaya sendiri terdiri dari empat blok, yakni RW 01 Blok Sumurjaya/Mentol, RW 02 Blok Singajaya/Brotol, RW 03 Blok Bangunarja/Bunarja dan RW 04 (Blok Bangunjaya/Templik. Di mana masing – masing blok, jumlah buruh migran perempuan atau TKW lebih banyak dari pada laki – laki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari RW 1 Blok Sumurjaya atau Mentol jumlah perempuan yang berangkat ke luar negeri berjumlah 44 orang dengan prosentasi 81,48 persen. Sementara di RW 02 Blok Singajaya atau Brotol perempuan yang berangkat jumlahnya 80 orang dengan prosentasi 84,21 persen. Kemudian di RW 03 Blok Bangunarja atau Bunarja perempuan yang berangkat jumlahnya 30 orang dengan prosentasi 85,71 persen. Selanjutnya di RW 04 Blok Bangunjaya atau Templik perempuan yang berangkat 51 orang dengan prosentasi 70,83 persen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 459, "height": 148, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data tersebut jelas menunjukan bahwa jumlah TKW lebih banyak dibanding jumlah laki – laki yang menjadi pekerja migran yang tak lebih dari 30 persen saja. Itu pun hanya ada di salah satu blok saja. Sementara di blok yang lain, pekerja migran laki – laki berkisar di angka 17 persenan. Ada beberapa alasan bagi perempuan di Desa Purwajaya Indramayu lebih tertarik menjadi TKW. Salah satunya adalah pertama karena faktor kemiskinan. Artinya hampir rata-rata dari sekian banyak keluarga di Desa Purwajaya, keluarga TKW itu memiliki penghasilan yang sangat kecil yaitu kurang lebihnya Rp. 500.000 per bulan. Karena dalam masyarakat Purwajaya ukuran kelayakan penghasilan dalam sebuah keluarga yaitu Rp. 2.000.000 per bulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 457, "height": 119, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan penghasilan demikian ternyata mengubah pemikiran seseorang untuk mencari pekerjaan lain yang layak dan berpenghasilan baik, dalam hal ini dengan memberangkatkan anak perempuannya ke luar negeri ternyata menjadi jalan keluar yang tepat bahkan menjadi andalan dan bahkan menjadikan anak perempuannya sebagai sandaran biaya hidup keluarga. Sehingga tidak jarang banyak ditemui bahwa di Desa Purwajaya terjadi pergeseran peran kepala keluarga dimana seluruh biaya hidup keluarga sekarang ditanggung hampir sepenuhnya oleh anak perempuannya ataupun istrinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 457, "height": 133, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor yang kedua adalah menghindari gosip atau gunjingan. Artinya, kebanyakan karakteristik pemikiran masyarakat di Desa Purwajaya ini paling takut terhadap gosip, gunjingan atau omongan yang tidak-tidak dari tetangga ataupun orang lain. Dalam hal ini sepertinya ada rasa ketakutan dalam suatu keluarga untuk gagal, gagal menafkahi, gagal berkeluarga, ataupun gagal dalam bermasyarakat. Karena, lagi-lagi dalam masyarakat di Desa Purwajaya ini ukuran sukses itu adalah dilihat dari sejauh mana suatu keluarga itu memiliki banyak tanah, sawah, rumah bagus, dan hidup serba berkecukupan. Dari situlah masyarakat akan segan dan hormat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 457, "height": 178, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keinginan untuk menjadi orang kaya dan hidup mewah ini ternyata mendorong baik perempuan maupun laki-laki untuk berlomba-lomba mencari penghasilan tinggi, bahkan dengan jalan pintas sekali pun. Uang selalu dijadikan faktor utama. Hal yang memperburuk adalah bahwa para anak perempuan terkondisi untuk mengikuti jejak generasi sebelumnya yaitu: ibu, bibi, dan tetangga. Mereka memperoleh informasi dan pelajaran dari generasi sebelumnya ini untuk dapat mendapatkan uang tanpa berpayah-payah. Kemudian, motivasi selanjutnya adalah untuk menghindari pacaran yang tidak sehat. Biasanya hal ini di lakukan oleh orang tua terhadap anak perempuannya. Artinya, untuk menghindari pacaran tidak sehat orang tua mengantisipasinya dengan memberangkatkan anak perempuannya untuk pergi keluar negeri, dari pada terjadi yang tidak-tidak dalam pacaran mendingan menyuruh anak perempuannya untuk pergi ke luar negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 459, "height": 73, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluarga–keluarga di Desa Purwajaya juga berpendapat bahwa mengirimkan anaknya keluar negeri merupakan suatu idaman dan kebanggaan. Keberhasilan perolehan materi dari hasil bekerja dianggap sebagai suatu prestasi bagi keluarga. Terutama keluarga TKW, hal ini bisa dijadikan suatu patokan tentang bagaimana gaya orang tua menghidupi anak-anaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 456, "height": 59, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh Bapak Suminta yang mempunyai dua orang anak perempuan. Anak pertama lulus SD namanya anak kedua lulusan SMP. Bapak Suminta berpendapat bahwa dengan menjadikan anaknya TKW hidup akan lebih baik, hal ini cukup beralasan karena pekerjaannya hanya petani yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penghasilannya hanya pas-pasan hanya mengandalkan hasil panen saja, belum lagi kalau panennya gagal, catatan hutang sudah banyak dan penghasilannya pun kurang dari Rp. 500.000 perbulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 102, "width": 457, "height": 148, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kasus serupa juga ditemui pada kakak beradik perempuan yang bekerja di luar negeri. Sang adik bekerja di Taiwan sementara kakaknya bekerja di Hongkong. Hasilnya, perekonomian keluarga ini berjalan dengan sangat pesat, contoh nyatanya rumah yang dulunya sederhana dengan pagar sekarang tembok, lantainya keramik, punya televisi, kulkas, motor bahkan mobil pick up berhasil dimiliki. Nah, hal itu ternyata memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap tetangga dan masyarakat di sekitarnya dimana secara tidak langsung masyarakat beranggapan bahwa dengan menjadikan anaknya TKW ternyata dapat merubah hidup yang dulunya susah dan pas-pasan kini hanya dengan pergi keluar negeri bisa berubah dan bisa beli apa saja, hal ini diyakini karena dengan melihat keberhasilan keluarga dari Bapak Suminta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 456, "height": 74, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun tujuan yang sebenarnya menjadi TKW itu pada dasarnya ada dua yaitu materi dan prestise (non materi). Materi disini bisa dikatakan uang, rumah, tanah, sawah atau bentuk benda apapun.Dan yang kedua adalah prestise (non materi) yang dalam hal ini bisa dikatakan seperti status social, mendapat kedudukan, dihormati dan disegani oleh masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 326, "width": 159, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Orientasi Ekonomi Tinggi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Satu lagi temuan yang cukup mencengangkan dari pergeseran peran gender TKW Desa Purwajaya ialah tingginya orientasi ekonomi. Salah satu mantan TKW yang menjadi narasumber pada skripsi ini, Ibu Nuraisyah mengatakan, kertegantungan pada bidang ekonomi membuatnya bersedia melakukan segala cara untuk mendapatkan tambahan uang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 462, "height": 104, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini juga merembet ke persoalan hidup rumah. Narasumber ini adalah seorang janda beranak satu. Pernah bekerja sebagai TKW membuatnya lebih memilih hidup berkecukupan. Hal ini pula lah yang membuat tidak lagi pandang bulu dalam memilih pasangan hidup. Tidak seperti perempuan pada umumnya, yang menghendaki perjodohan dengan pasangan yang diidamkannya, Ibu Nuraisyah bahkan bersedia menikah dengan laki – laki manapun asalkan mampu mencukupi kebutuhan hidupnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ari kita sih, ora peduli bentuk rupa bakal kayang apa sing bakal dadi laki ne kita, sing penting bener akhlak e lan mapan pegawean e, artine gah ya sing bisa bimbing ning agama lan mapan ning pegawean e. Artine, sukur-sukur wis duweh umah dewek, ora campur se umah karo wong tua atawa mertua. Ya, ora dipungkiri ari kita kan wonng wadon, ya ana ne panggonan lan kebutuhan urip iku kudu di penuhi soal e arep sapa sing makani kita lamon lakine pegawean e ora mapan lan ora jelas. Arep andon mangan ning wong tua bae ya isin.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kisah Ibu Nuraisyah juga dialami beberapa TKW lain yang berstatus janda. Tingginya orientasi terhadap ekonomi membuat TKW dengan keadaan seperti itu mudah diajak melakukan banyak hal dengan dibayar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 684, "width": 412, "height": 28, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D . Dampak Multiperan Gender TKW Desa Purwajaya Bagi Kesejahteraan Masyarakat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 713, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Dampak Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 459, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak dipungkiri, berkat para TKW, perekonomian di Desa Purwajaya mengalami peningkatan. Bahkan, keluarga TKW yang tadinya tergolong keluarga kurang mampu bahkan mengalami peningkatan daya beli. Hal ini pada akhirnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "197", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membuat perputaran uang di desa lebih cepat. Pasalnya, keluarga TKW bisa membelanjakan uangnya untuk kebutuhan sehari – hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artinya, nilai baiknya perempuan sebagai TKW di mata masyarakat yaitu ternyata membantu membangkitkan roda perekonomian keluarga, TKW setidaknya dapat menunjang kebutuhan hidup keluarganya. Bahkan bisa dibilang menjadi keluarga yang berkecukupan. Di buktikan dengan bertambahnya aset – aset keluarga seperti rumah lebih bagus, banyak sawah, dan motor baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ya dampak ekonomi sawis e kita miyang dadi TKW yaiku salah siji e bisa gawe umah dewek, ora nimbrung karo mertua. Terus bisa nyekolahna anak, bisa tuku sawah lan bisa enggo tambahan modal usaha ning umah mbuh buka warung buka bengkel atawa buka konter pulsa, ya apa bae lah ambir hasil duit menggawe ning luar iku ana tempele”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 236, "width": 206, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Muncul Berbagai Persoalan Sosial a. Pola Didik Anak Kurang Maksimal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di sisi lain, maraknya TKW di Desa Purwajaya juga menimbulkan berbagai persoalan sosial baru. TKW yang bekerja di luar negeri, membuat keluarga di rumah kehilangan salah satu anggota keluarga. Yang berarti juga kehilangan salah satu peran anggota dalam keluarga tersebut. Yang disayangkan, tidak sedikit perempuan yang bekerja sebagai TKW mempunyai peran sentral di keluarga, seperti posisi ibu, anak perempuan pertama, dan atau perempuan yang ditokohkan dalam keluarga atau lingkungannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tentu hal ini memunculkan ketidakseimbangan. Misalnya dalam hal pendidikan anak. Tidak sedikit anak – anak dari ibu seorang TKW mengalami kesulitan belajar. Hal itu dikarenakan, tidak ada peran seorang ibu yang mau memberi perhatian dan motivasi pada anaknya. Meski ada sosok ayah, rata – rata anak TKW di Desa Purwajaya tumbuh dengan akses pendidikan yang tersendat. Pola asuh yang kurang mendukung membuat anak tidak bisa menikmati pendidikan yang ada di desa tersebut. Hasilnya, banyak anak TKW yang menjadi bandel, malas sekolah di usia sekolah. Ini tentu saja menjadi kekhawatiran anak – anak TKW seharusnya tumbuh dan berkembang di dampingi ayah dan ibunya, namun nasibnya kurang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 457, "height": 118, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ari ngomongi soal ndidik anak sih tek akui wong e ta kita sebagai wong tua ne gah nyadari kurang maksimal, artine gah semenjak kita ninggal anak e kita mangkat meng luar negeri kuh kelakuan lan prilaku anak e kita dadi badeg. Nakali anak e wong, angel diurus e, di kongkon sekolah lan ngaji alot pisan, pengen e dolan lan jajan bae. Malah wis ngambat badeg e wis wani nyolongi duit e kita sing tek taro ning esor kasur, badeg e nuruni bapane kaya e ta, wis mah lakin e kita ora tanggung jawab megat kita waktu masih meteng, mbuh kudu kepriben carane kira-kira badeg e mari”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pergaulan Bebas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak sedikit TKW yang pulang kampung membawa kebiasaan – kebiasaan yang dilakukan selama bekerja di negara tujuan. Jangka kontrak yang lumayan panjang, yakni bisa sampai 4 tahun membuat TKW terbiasa mengikuti budaya – budaya yang ada di negara tersebut. Misalnya, banyak TKW yang kerja di Taiwan dan Hongkong sepulangnya di kampung halaman lebih suka jalan – jalan. Hal ini tidak lepas dari kebiasaan di negera itu yang memberikan hak pada TKW untuk berlibur di akhir pekan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "198", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 460, "height": 119, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebiasaan ini kemudian diadopsi dan dilakukan ketika di rumah. Biasanya, mantan TKW Taiwan dan Hongkong lebih suka jalan – jalan dan cenderung terlibat dalam pergaulan bebas. Kasus ini ditemukan pada salah satu mantan TKW Taiwan, yakni Ibu Dayinah. Dia memiliki seorang anak perempuan. Ibu Dayinan memilih anaknya menjadi TKW lantaran menghindari pergaulan bebas dan perilaku kurang produktif jika dibiarkan di desa. Pasalnya, anak perempuan yang memasuki usia remaja sangat rentang dengan pergaulan bebas. Tak sedikit pula yang mengalami hamil di luar nikah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 177, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun faktanya, setelah memberangkatkan anak perempuannya menjadi TKW di Taiwan, si anak kemudian membawa kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dilakukannya selama bekerja di negara tersebut. Misalnya anak perempuan itu menjadi lebih aktif pergi ke luar rumah untuk mencari hiburan – hiburan atau sekedar jalan – jalan di sekitar desa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 456, "height": 89, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Ari pergaulan bebas sih tergantung wong e, tapi salah siji e motivasi kenang apa anak e kita tek kongkon mabur meng luar negeri yaiku daripada anak e kita bergaul terlalu bebas, ning desa e pegawean e mangan, turu, lan demenan bae karo lanangan e, dari pada kejadian meteng diluar nikah mending tek kongkon miyang meng luar negeri, luru duit dewek enggo beneri umah, lan nyekolahna adik-adik e” c. Perceraian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 457, "height": 133, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, maraknya TKW di Desa Purwajaya juga berbanding lurus dengan tingginya angka perceraian di kalangan keluarga TKW. Perceraian rata – rata dipicu minimnya komunikasi antara pelaku TKW dengan suami. Masa kontrak yang panjang ditambah makin berkurangnya intensitas keintiman sebagai pasangan suami istri membuat keluarga TKW sangat rentang terhadap perceraian. Terlebih jika suami TKW yang berada di desa mulai berinteraksi dengan wanita lain. Kasus perceraian karena pihak ketiga (perselingkuhan) juga marak terjadi. Tidak sedikit pasangan TKW memilih berpisah karena terindikasi salah satu pihak melakukan perselingkuhan. Kebanyakan perselingkuhan dilakukan oleh pihak suami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di samping itu, kasus – kasus perceraian yang terjadi sering kali dipicu besarnya intervensi pihak ketiga. Pihak ketiga yang dimaksud bisa orang tua, mertua, tetangga atau orang lain di luar keluarga inti TKW yang memberikan pengaruh cukup besar pada kelangsungan rumah tangga TKW. Seperti yang dialami Ibu Nuraisyah. Dia memilih berpisah dengan suaminya salah satunya karena pihak ketiga. Lantaran mertuanya dianggap terlalu sering mencampuri urusan keluarganya, Ibu Nuraisyah nekad mengakhiri status pernikahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Salah siji ne dampak dadi TKW iku akeh sing pegatan , artine tek alami kita dewek soal e. Awit kita ana ning Taiwan laki e kita wis mulai dolanan wadon sejen, tek akui karena bokat faktor jarang komunikasi, faktor orang ketiga lan bokat wis bosen ning kita ongkoh dadi e luru wadon sejen. Lan sawis e kita balik sing Taiwan iya bae bener akhir e jaluk pegatan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Ketergantungan Kerja Migran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terbiasa memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan bekerja sebagai TKW di luar negeri, membuat para TKW menaruh ketergantungan sangat tinggi pada pekerjaan migran ini. Tak heran jika, perempuan di Desa Purwajaya bisa berulang kali bekerja menjadi TKW. Satu kali kontrak, paling lambat bekerja selama 2 tahun dianggap sebagai waktu yang pendek. Pekerjaan TKW yang tidak seberat di desa di negera tujuan ditambah gaji yang terbilang besar ketimbang kerja di desa membuat TKW ketagihan untuk kembali bekerja di luar negeri selama berkali – kali kontrak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibu Nuraisyah misalnya. Dia sudah mengalami dua kali kontrak di negera Taiwan sebagai TKW. Dari hasil kerja selama itu, Ibu Nuraisyah sudah bisa membuka warung dan bengkel motor di desa. Meski sudah punya usaha sendiri, tak membuat Ibu Nuraisyah mengurungkan niat untuk kembali bekerja sebagai TKW. Justru ibu satu anak ini punya cita – cita kembali bekerja sebagai TKW di negara Jepang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 457, "height": 103, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Sing aran TKW iku asli e ta gawe ketagihan, artine gah akeh hampir mayoritas sing dau balik sing luar negeri teka ning kampung terus durung suwe wis pengen jaluk mangkat maning meng luar negeri, soale apa ning kana jaminan urip e enak, nyaman lan serba ana kabeh, pengen tuku kien ana, tuku kaen ana. Artine gah tek alami kita dewek baka ning kampung kuh bawaan e bosen, jenuh lan suntuk kah, dadi e timbul e ora betah ning kampung, pengen mangkat maning meng luar negeri”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 456, "height": 88, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banyak hal bisa didapatkan penulis dalam penelitian ini. Seperti desa-desa di Indramayu lainnya, Desa Purwajaya termasuk desa sederhana yang kebanyakan masyarakatnya masih bertumpu pada sektor pertanian. Desa ini terletak 25 KM dari pusat pemerintahan Kabupaten Indramayu. Letaknya memang agak terisolisir dari pusat-pusat kegiatan masyarakat. Untuk itulah, tidak banyak yang bisa dilakukan masyarakat desa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 376, "width": 459, "height": 119, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di sana ditemui fakta – fakta bahwa Desa Purwajaya merupakan salah desa dengan mayoritas perempuan bekerja sebagai TKW. Tradisi bekerja di luar negeri bagi masyarakat Desa Purwajaya, memang bukan saja dilakukan oleh para perempuan. Laki – laki di desa juga tidak sedikit yang lebih memilih mengadu nasib bekerja di di luar negeri atau lazim disebut TKI. Namun, tinjaun akademik tentang pekerja di luar negeri dari Desa Purwajaya dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada TKW. Dari temuan penulis banyak hal yang bisa dikaji salah satunya perpektif gender.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 457, "height": 253, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari sudut pandang ini, temuan demi temuan menarik pun banyak dijumpai. Misalnya, di Desa Purwajaya peran gender TKW sangat strategis untuk dikaji. Sejak digulirkannya isu kesetaraan gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan, makin banyak saja perempuan yang menjalankan peran sosial yang lazimnya hanya bisa dilakukan oleh laki – laki. Ini lah yang kemudian memunculkan multiperan gender TKW di Desa Purwajaya tersebut. Hal ini pun diperkuat dengan makin mudahnya akses untuk mendapatkan posisi, baik dalam pekerjaan maupun dalam hal publik lainnya, bagi perempuan. Sehingga turut mendorong pergeseran peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan. Analisis gender untuk mengkaji fenomena TKW di Desa Purwajaya. Hal ini penting dilakukan agar kajian TKW lebih fokus. Pasalnya, kajian tentang TKW tetap menarik didekati dengan berbagai pendekatan. Analisis ini digunakan untuk melihat seberapa besar pergeseran peran gender yang terjadi di kalangan keluarga TKW dalam peran -–peran strategis dalam lingkup keluarga dan masyarakat. Misalnya, keberhasilan TKW dalam meruntuhkan paradigama bahwa kewajiban mencari nafkah dilakukan oleh laki – laki saja. Melainkan, TKW juga bisa menjadi tulang punggung keluarga bahkan dengan hasil yang lebih menjanjikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 749, "width": 457, "height": 29, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam banyak hal, perempuan bahkan bisa lebih ahli di bidang – bidang yang banyak dilakoni laki – laki. Misalnya, menjadi manager perusahaan, menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naila Farah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 794, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Equalita, Volume (2), Issue (2), Desember 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 457, "height": 59, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mekanik pesawat terbang hingga menjadi pemimpin negera sekali pun. Hal yang sebelumnya dianggap tabu bahkan mustahil terjadi. Di sisi lain, tidak sedikit pula laki – laki yang lebih mahir dalam hal memasak, merawat anak, hingga mengurus kebutuhan rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 88, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian ahli menyebut fenomena pergeseran peran sosial ini sebagai salah satu dampak dari pola pikir kritis masyarakat yang makin terbuka. Sehingga tidak heran, dalam kurun waktu 3 dekade terakhir, banyak peran gender tidak lagi menjadi pembatas antara laki – laki dan perempuan. Fakta seperti itu sudah mewabah di mana – mana. Mulai dari daerah perkotaan sampai dengan kampung – kampung di daerah – daerah tertinggal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 459, "height": 89, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari situ kemudian ditemukan bahwa peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan bukan merupakan salah satu hal yang mutlak. Memang dalam teori gender, peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan bukan lah sesuatu hal yang mengikat. Peran gender hanya sebagian dari bentuk implementasi dari berkembangnya pemikiran – pemikiran feminismen. Pergeseran ini lah yang menjadi fokus kajian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 460, "height": 133, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil akhirnya, ada banyak yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya pergeseran peran gender antara laki – laki dan perempuan. Ekonomi dan pendidikan merupakan dua faktor penting. Terutama yang disebut pertama ini. Ekonomi menjadi faktor penting. Dalam pemenuhannya laki - laki dii Desa Purwajaya memang bekerja lebih keras, namun penghasilan yang didapatkan dianggap belum mampu mampu memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga secara keseluruhan. Sehingga, para perempuan pun turut membantu ekonomi keluarga dengan cara – cara yang bisa dilakukan. Ditambah, ada lowongan pekerjaan sebagai TKW yang bisa diakse oleh para perempuan di Desa Purwajaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 457, "height": 74, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inilah yang kemudian menjadikan perempuan di Desa Purwajaya mampu menjalankan lebih dari satu peran atau multiperan. Misalnya, selain sebagai ibu rumah tangga, juga sebagai tulang punggung yang mampu mendulang rupiah lebih banyak dibanding laki – laki atau perempuan lainnya yang tetap memilih bekerja di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 457, "height": 73, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara itu, pergeseran perann gender yang terjadi di Desa Purwajaya antara lain meliputi hal – hal seperti, perempuan menjalankan perannya sebagai tulang punggung keluarga. Hal yang wajar yang biasanya dilakukan oleh laki – laki sebagai kepala keluarga. Di samping itu, pergeseran peran gender juga terjadi pada tingginya orientasi ekonomi perempuan di desa tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 595, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baso, AndiZohra, LangkahPerempuan (MenujuTegaknyaHak-hakKonsumen, Makassar: YayasanLembagaKonsumen Sulawesi Selatan. 2000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 453, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BidangPendampinganPerempuanKorbanKekerasandanBidangPenerbitanKalyanamit ra, MenghadapikekerasandalamRumahTangga. Jakarta : Kalyanamitra.1999.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 422, "height": 29, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. 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SBMI (SerikatBuruhMigranIndonesia) DPC Indramayu Aparatur Desa Purwajaya dan masyarakat desa Purwajaya.)", "type": "Text" } ]