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Andrés Boira

Andrés Paulo Boira Díaz (born 17 November 1987) is a Spanish vision impaired B3 classified para-alpine skier. His guide skiers have included Félix Aznar and Aleix Suñé. He has competed at the 2006 Winter Paralympics, 2009 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships and the 2010 Winter Paralympics. Personal Boira was born in Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, and has a visual impairment. Skiing Boira is a B3 classified skier. His guide skiers included Félix Aznar and Aleix Suñé. Boira competed at the 2006 Winter Paralympics. At the 2007 Paralympic Winter World Cup, he earned two silver medals and two bronzes. He finished the 2006/2007 European Cup season in second place. At the March 2008 Italian National Championships, Boira and Aznar finished second in the Super G, were disqualified in the Giant Slalom and finished second in the Slalom. At the last round of the European Cup in March 2008, an event held in La Molina, Spain, Boira and Aznar were some of the Spanish skiers competing at the event. He finished the 2007/2008 European Cup season in eighth place after the five test events. At the first IPC Alpine Skiing World Cup event in the 2008/2009 ski season, which was held at La Molina in Spain, Boira finished fourth overall. At the February 2009 IPC Alpine Skiing World Championships, while skiing with Anzar, he finished sixth in the Super Combined event. In March 2009, with guide Aznar, he competed at the European Cup Alpine Skiing for the Disabled. He finished first in the slalom event. He finished fifth in the giant slalom, seventh in Super G and eighth in Super Combined. Overall, the pair finished fourth with 475 points. In November 2009, he attended an event in Madrid organised by Programa de Alto Rendimiento Paralímpico (Programa ARPA) as part of the preparation for the Vancouver Games. Following this, he participated in additional team training at the Centro de Tecnificación de La Cerdanya (Girona). At the 2010 World Cup Alpine Skiing for Disabled in Abtenau, Austria, he and his guide finished seventh in the slalom following a first run where they were in the sixth position and a second run where they in the seventh position. He was unable to compete in the Super Combined event because it was cancelled. He then competed with guide Suñé in the third round of the European Cup later in January 2010 at La Molina in Spain. He won a gold medal in the slalom event. At the final event of the 2009/2010 World Cup season, an event held in March 2010 in Aspen, Colorado, he finished sixth in one event with a time of 1:15.57. He finished fifth in the Super Combined. This was the last major event before the 2010 Games. He came into the Aspen World Cup event with 220 World Cup points, ranking ninth in the competition with Suñé as his guide. Before departing for 2010 Winter Paralympics in Vancouver, Boira participated in a departure ceremony attended by State Secretary for Sport Jaime Lissavetzky, secretary general of Social Policy Francisco Moza, the President of the Spanish Paralympic Committee Miguel Carballeda, and managing director of the Spanish Paralympic Committee Alberto Jofre. The whole Spanish team arrived in Whistler ahead of the 2010 Games by 7 February. Skier and guide shared a room in the Paralympic Village during the Games. Fog in Vancouver resulted in a change in scheduling for his ski events. He finished in last place in the super giant race after he fell in one of his runs. Following the Games, the Spanish Paralympic team attended a welcome back celebration at the ONCE Foundation that was also attended by Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo. Boira participated in the Spanish national championships from 5 to 7 April 2010, which was organised by the Federación Española de Deportes de Personas con Discapacidad Física, Federación Española de Deportes para Paralíticos Cerebrales and Federación Española de Deportes para Ciegos. The Super Giant event is not his specialty. References External links Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Catalan sportspeople Category:Spanish male alpine skiers Category:Paralympic alpine skiers of Spain Category:Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Paralympics Category:Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

Light-on-dark color scheme

Light-on-dark color scheme, also called dark mode, dark theme or night mode, is a color scheme that uses light-colored text, icons, and graphical user interface elements on a dark background and is often discussed in terms of computer user interface design and web design. Originally, computer user interfaces were formed on CRTs. The phosphor was normally a very dark color, and lit up brightly when the electron beam hit it, appearing to be green or amber on black, depending on phosphors applied on a monochrome screen. RGB screens continued along a similar vein, using all the beams set to "on" to form white. With the advent of teletext, research was done into which primary and secondary light colors and combinations worked best for this new medium. Cyan or yellow on black was typically found to be optimal from a palette of black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan and white. The opposite color scheme, dark-on-light color scheme, was originally introduced in WYSIWYG word processors, to simulate ink on paper and became the norm. While the debate of whether it is easier or healthier to read text on a dark background was disputed by vision and perception researchers, there was similar dispute between users. A 2018 article by Popular Science suggests that "Dark mode is easier on the eyes and battery" and displaying white on full brightness uses roughly six times as much power as pure black on a Google Pixel, which has an OLED display. History Dark backgrounds were added to Windows Phone 7 with energy consumption in mind since fully black pixels emit no light on OLED screens. In November 2018, Google confirms dark mode on Android saves battery life. 2018: YouTube added optional dark theme. In December 2018, Samsung released One UI, which contains a dark mode. In June 2019, Apple announced that a light-on-dark mode will be available across all native applications in iOS 13 and iPadOS. It will also be possible for third-party developers to implement their own dark themes. In August 2019, Google announced an official shadow mode will come to Android with the release of Android 10. In 2019 Reddit introduced optional dark theme. 2019: introduction of prefers-color-scheme for frontend web developers: property that signal user choice. For example on macOS if user use dark mode - webpage may read this information and adapt. 2020: Facebook introduced optional dark theme. 2020: Firefox and Chromium (Google Chrome) finally implemented optional dark theme for all internal screens, adding of dark theme started year before. In March 2020, WhatsApp announced dark mode for iOS and Android. Energy usage Light on dark color schemes require less energy to display on the most common display technologies, including as OLED, CRT and LCD displays. This positively impacts battery life and energy consumption. While an OLED will consume around 40% of the power of an LCD displaying an image that is primarily black, it can use more than three times as much power to display an image with a white background, such as a document or web site. This can lead to reduced battery life and energy usage, unless a light-on-dark color scheme is used. The long-term reduced power usage may also prolong battery life or the useful life of the display and battery. The energy savings that can be achieved using a light-on-dark color scheme are because of how OLED screens work: in an OLED screen, each subpixel generates its own light and it only consumes power when generating light. This is in contrast to how an LCD works: in an LCD, subpixels either block or allow light from a permanently lit LED backlight to pass through. "AMOLED Black" color schemes (that use pure black instead of dark gray) do not necessarily save more energy than other light-on-dark color schemes that use dark gray instead of black, as the power consumption on an AMOLED screen decreases proportionately to the average brightness of the displayed pixels. Although it is true that AMOLED black does save more energy than dark gray, the energy savings are often negligible; AMOLED black will only give an energy saving of less than 1%, for instance, compared to the dark gray that's used in the dark theme for Google's official Android apps. Issues with the web Some argue that a color scheme with light text on a dark background is easier to read on the screen, because the lower overall brightness causes less eyestrain. The caveat is that most pages on the web are designed for white backgrounds; GIF and PNG images with a transparency bit instead of alpha channels tend to show up with choppy outlines, as well as causing problems with other graphical elements. It is not necessary that a web design work well with only one color scheme. There are many mechanisms of web architecture that allow designs to work well with any color scheme a user might prefer. This technical flexibility is a product of the web architect's concern for accessibility and user preference empowerment, though designers rarely utilize this technical flexibility. Wikipedia is an example of this. See also Blackle Solarized (color scheme) OLED References Category:User interfaces Category:Display technology Category:Color schemes Category:Computer graphics

Jermantown, Virginia

Jermantown is an unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. Various parts of Jermantown are included within the independent city of Fairfax to its south and east. Today, this once rural community is centered at the intersection of Jermantown Road and Lee Jackson Memorial Highway (U.S. Route 50). The Old Jermantown School was located at the present site of Providence Elementary School. History Jermantown/Germantown, located near the critical intersection of the Little River Turnpike (today Route 50) and Warrenton Turnpike (today Route 29), was part of the Ox Hill battlefield on September 1, 1862, and was held by Union troops under General Joseph Hooker. References Category:Unincorporated communities in Fairfax County, Virginia Category:Unincorporated communities in Virginia Category:Washington metropolitan area Category:Fairfax, Virginia

Anglo Petroleum Ltd v TFB (Mortgages) Ltd

Anglo Petroleum v TFB (Mortgages) Ltd [2008] 1 BCLC 185 is a UK company law case concerning financial assistance. Facts A company in trouble, undergoing restructuring, undertook to pay back money after its acquisition. Repsol, the seller of shares, was only willing to sell if it received £15m. The company agreed to pay £15m to the parent, and the company’s shares were then sold for £1. Judgment The court held this was not financial assistance, because the agreed payment merely reduced the shares’ value to £1, rather than assisting in the purchase of the shares. See also UK company law Notes References External links Category:United Kingdom company case law Category:Court of Appeal of England and Wales cases Category:2007 in British law Category:2007 in case law

Marcinówka

Marcinówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierbieszów, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Skierbieszów, north-east of Zamość, and south-east of the regional capital Lublin. References Category:Villages in Zamość County

Duanmen

Duanmen, also known as the Gate of Uprightness, or Upright Gate, is a gate in Beijing's Imperial City, and is located south of the Forbidden City. Proceeding north from the entrance to the Imperial City, it is the next gate after the Tian'anmen, or Gate of Heavenly Peace, and has a similar structure to that gate. The next gate further north is the Meridian Gate, which is the southern and main gate to the Forbidden City itself. References External links Category:Forbidden City Category:Gates of Beijing

Onyeabor Ngwogu

Onyeabor Ngwogu (born 3 October 1983) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for Nigeria. Ngwogu represented Nigeria at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 4x100 metres relay together with Obinna Metu, Chinedu Oriala and Uchenna Emedolu. In their qualification heat they did not finish due to a mistake in the baton exchange and they were eliminated. References External links Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:Nigerian male sprinters Category:Olympic athletes of Nigeria Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics

2010 Roma Open

The 2010 Roma Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was part of the 2010 ATP Challenger Tour. It took place in Rome, Italy between 19 and 24 April 2010. ATP entrants Seeds Rankings are as of April 12, 2010. Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Florian Mayer Alberto Brizzi Mario Ančić Matteo Trevisan The following players received special exempt into the singles main draw: Jesse Huta Galung The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Daniele Bracciali Andrea Arnaboldi Rainer Eitzinger Alessio di Mauro The following players received the lucky loser spot: Francesco Aldi Lamine Ouahab Artem Smirnov Champions Singles Federico del Bonis def. Florian Mayer, 6–4, 6–3 Doubles Mario Ančić / Ivan Dodig def. Juan Pablo Brzezicki / Rubén Ramírez Hidalgo, 4–6, 7–6(8), [10–4] References Italian Tennis Federation official website ITF search Roma Open Category:Roma Open

Dieter Frank

Dieter Frank is a retired East German slalom canoeist who competed in the mid-1950s. He won a silver medal in the folding K-1 team event at the 1953 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in Meran. References Category:German male canoeists Category:Possibly living people Category:Year of birth missing Category:Medalists at the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships

Julius I Kán

Julius (I) from the kindred Kán (; died 1237) was a powerful Hungarian baron and landowner, who held several secular positions during the reign of kings Emeric, Ladislaus III and Andrew II. He was the ancestor of the gens Kán which originated from Baranya County. Career Julius I married to the unknown surname Helena (died before 1250). They had two sons, by name Ladislaus I, who served as palatine (1242–1244/5), and Julius II, master of the cupbearers (1222–1228). His name was first mentioned by records as voivode of Transylvania in 1201. Besides voivodeship he also functioned as ispán (comes) of Fehér County. He held the office of judge royal between 1202 and 1204, besides that he was the ispán of Csanád (1202–1203) and Nyitra Counties (1204). After the death of Ladislaus III, he became an ardent admirer of Andrew II. He served as ispán of Sopron County in 1205. After that he was appointed ispán of Bodrog County in 1206, a position which he held until 1212. Between 1212 and 1213, he again became judge royal, besides that he received the manor of Bács County as ispán. In 1213, he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of Vas County. One year later, he became voivode of Transylvania for the second term, besides that he functioned as ispán of Szolnok County. Julius I Kán was appointed palatine of Hungary, the second-highest secular office after the king in 1215 and held the position until 1217. According to a non-authentic charter he also functioned as palatine in 1218. He also served as ispán of Sopron County in 1215. During Andrew II's Fifth Crusade (1217–1218), Julius could not prevent the emergence of anarchical conditions, as a result he lost his political influence for a short time. He regained his former influence, as he was appointed ban of Slavonia and ispán of Somogy County in 1219. He served as ispán of Szolnok and Bodrog Counties from 1220 to 1221. In 1221, he became a member of the queen's court, as the master of the treasury and judge royal for Queen Yolanda de Courtenay. One year later he was appointed palatine for the second time (1222–1226) and ispán of Bodrog County (1222–1224). He served as ispán of Sopron County between 1224 and 1226. This latter position was also held by Julius from 1228 to 1230. For the third time, he functioned as ban of Slavonia between 1229 and 1235. Meanwhile, he held the position of judge royal for the queen, secondly, in 1232. After the death of Andrew II (1235), he had been disgraced and was imprisoned by the new king, Béla IV of Hungary. He died in captivity in 1237. Julius I founded the Nekcseszentmárton (Martin, Croatia) estate of the Knights Templar. Identification The above career is consistent and gapless, thus can refer to a single person, nevertheless it is not free from doubts: it may arise, that Julius during the rule of Emeric was a different person from Julius, baron of Andrew II, because of the political-historical conditions (prince Andrew rebelled against his older brother's reign). However this theory is can be eliminated by the possibility that Julius was also a secret supporter of prince Andrew, as many others. It is neither reassuring that Julius' career began with too high positions, without the introductory section of smaller offices. Historian Mór Wertner identified all occurring Julius with the person from the kindred Kán during the first decades of the 13th century, unless he had no reason to act differently. In contrast, János Karácsonyi gave an overview about Julius I Kán's career from the year of 1219, when he was already easily distinguishable from Julius I Rátót, judge royal (1219–1221; 1235–1239) and voivode of Transylvania (1229–1231). References Sources Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. . Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon ("The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia") (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., Budapest; . Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 ("Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301"). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. Category:1237 deaths Julius I Category:Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary Category:Voivodes of Transylvania Category:Bans of Croatia Category:Judges royal Category:Prisoners and detainees of Hungary Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Hungarian people who died in prison custody Category:12th-century Hungarian people Category:13th-century Hungarian people

Gazprom

PJSC Gazprom (, ) is a multinational energy corporation headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg, Russia. As of 2019, with sales over USD$120 billion, it sits as the largest publicly-listed natural gas company in the world and the largest company in Russia by revenue. In the 2019 Forbes Global 2000, Gazprom was ranked as the 40th largest company in the world. Gazprom name is a portmanteau of the Russian words Gazovaya Promyshlennost ( - gas industry). Gazprom is vertically integrated and is active in every area of the gas industry, including exploration and production, refining, transport, distribution and marketing, and power generation. In 2018, Gazprom produced twelve percent of the global output of natural gas, producing 497.6 billion cubic meters of natural and associated gas and 15.9 million tonnes of gas condensate. Gazprom then exports the gas through pipelines that the company builds and owns across Russia and abroad such as Nord Stream and TurkStream. In the same year, Gazprom has proven reserves of 35.1 trillion cubic meters of gas and 1.6 billion tons of gas condensate. Gazprom is also a large oil producer through its subsidiary Gazprom Neft, producing about 41 million tons of oil with reserves amounting to 2 billion tons. The company also has subsidiaries in industrial sectors including finance, media and aviation, and majority stakes in other companies. Gazprom was created in 1989 when the Soviet Ministry of Gas Industry was converted to a corporation, becoming the first state-run corporate enterprise in the Soviet Union. After the Soviet Union's dissolution, Gazprom was privatized, retaining its Russia-based assets. At that time, Gazprom evaded taxes and state regulation and engaged in asset stripping. The company later returned to government control in the early 2000s, and since then, the company is involved in the Russian Government's diplomatic efforts, setting of gas prices, and access to pipelines. The company is mostly owned by the Russian government, via the Federal Agency for State Property Management and Rosneftegaz, while remaining shares are traded publicly. Gazprom has a listing in the Moscow Exchange and has a market capitalization of US$80.56 billion as of September 2019. History Origins In 1943, during World War II, the government of the Soviet Union developed a domestic gas industry. In 1965, it centralized gas exploration, development, and distribution within the Ministry of Gas Industry. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Ministry of Gas Industry found large natural gas reserves in Siberia, the Ural region and the Volga region. The Soviet Union became a major gas producer. In August 1989, under the leadership of Viktor Chernomyrdin, the Ministry of Gas Industry was renamed the State Gas Concern Gazprom, and became the Soviet Union's first state run corporate enterprise. In late 1991, when the Soviet Union dissolved, gas industry assets were transferred to newly established national companies, such as Ukrgazprom and Turkmengazprom. Gazprom kept assets located in Russia and secured a monopoly in the gas sector. Privatization In December 1992, when Boris Yeltsin, the Russian President, appointed Viktor Chernomyrdin, Gazprom's Chairman, his Prime Minister, the company's political influence increased. Rem Viakhirev took the chairmanship of Gazprom's Board of Directors and Managing Committee. Following the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 5 November 1992 and the Resolution of the Government of Russia of 17 February 1993, Gazprom became a joint-stock company. Gazprom began to distribute shares under the voucher method. (Each Russian citizen received vouchers to purchase shares of formerly state-owned companies). By 1994, 33% of Gazprom's shares had been bought by 747,000 members of the public, mostly in exchange for vouchers. Fifteen percent of the stock was allocated to Gazprom employees. The state retained 40% of the shares. That amount was gradually lowered to thirty-eight percent. Trading of Gazprom's shares was heavily regulated. Foreigners were prohibited from owning more than nine-percent of the shares. In October 1996, 1% of Gazprom's equity was offered for sale to foreigners as Global Depository Receipts. In 1997, Gazprom offered a bond issue of US$2.5 billion. Chernomyrdin, as Prime Minister of Russia, ensured Gazprom avoided tight state regulation. Gazprom evaded taxes, and the Government of Russia received little in dividends. Gazprom managers and board members, such as Chernomyrdin and the Gazprom Chief Executive Officer, Rem Viakhirev, engaged in asset-stripping. Gazprom assets were shared amongst their relatives. Itera, a gas trading company also received Gazprom assets. In March 1998, for reasons unrelated to his activities at Gazprom, Chernomyrdin was fired by Yeltsin. On 30 June 1998, Chernomyrdin was made Chairman of the Board of Directors of Gazprom. State control When, in June 2000, Vladimir Putin became the President of Russia, he acted to gain control over Russia's oligarchs, and increase the Government of Russia's control in important companies through a program of national champions. Putin fired Chernomyrdin from his position as the Chairman of the Gazprom board. The Russian Government's stock in Gazprom gave Putin the power to vote out Vyakhirev. Chernomyrdin and Vyakhirev were replaced by Dmitry Medvedev and Alexei Miller. They were Putin's prior employees in Saint Petersburg. Putin's actions were aided by the shareholder activism of Hermitage Capital Management Chief Executive Officer William Browder, and the former Russian Finance Minister Boris Fyodorov. Miller and Medvedev were to stop asset stripping at Gazprom and to recover losses. Itera was denied access to Gazprom's pipelines and came close to bankruptcy. Itera agreed to return stolen assets to Gazprom for a fee. In April 2001, Gazprom acquired NTV, Russia's only nationwide state-independent television station from Vladimir Gusinsky's company, Media-Most holdings. In 2002, the Gazprom subsidiary Gazprom Media acquired all of Gusinsky's shares in companies held by Media-Most. In June 2005, Gazprombank, Gazpromivest Holding, Gazfond and Gazprom Finance B. V., subsidiaries of Gazprom, sold a 10.7399% share of their stock for $7 billion to , a state owned company. Some analysts said the amount paid by Rosneftegaz for the stock was too low. The sale was completed by 25 December 2005. With the purchased stock and the thirty-eight percent share held by the State Property Committee, the Government of Russia gained control of Gazprom. The Government of Russia revoked the Gazprom twenty percent foreign ownership rule and the company became open to foreign investment. In September 2005, Gazprom bought 72.633 percent of the oil company Sibneft for $13.01 billion. Sibneft was renamed Gazprom Neft. The purchase was aided by a $12 billion loan. Gazprom became Russia's largest company. On the day of the deal the company worth was valued at £69.7 billion (US$123.2 billion.) On 5 July 2006, the Federal Law, On Gas Export, was passed, nearly unanimously, by the State Duma and on 7 July 2006, by the Federation Council. On 18 July Putin signed the new legislation and on 20 July 2006, the law was published. It gave Gazprom the exclusive right to export natural gas from Russia. In December 2006, Gazprom signed an agreement with Royal Dutch Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi, to take over fifty percent plus one share of Sakhalin Energy. In June 2007, TNK-BP, a subsidiary of BP plc, agreed to sell its stake in Kovykta field in Siberia to Gazprom after the Government of Russia questioned BP's right to export gas from Russia. On 23 June 2007, the governments of Russia and Italy signed a memorandum of understanding towards a joint venture between Gazprom and Eni SpA to construct a 558-mile (900 km) gas pipeline to carry gas per year from Russia to Europe. This South Stream pipeline would extend under the Black Sea to Bulgaria with a south fork to Italy and a north fork to Hungary. On 1 December 2007, during a visit to Turkey, Putin said the project would not proceed and 63 billion cubic metres per year (bcm/y) of gas would be shipped to Turkey instead of Bulgaria. Bulgaria was being sued by the European Union for signing a contract with Russia, which was not aligned with European Union regulations.The president of Bulgaria, Rosen Plevneliev, pressured the European Union and Russia to quickly resolve the matter. Continual rise On 4 September 2012, the European Commission announced an anti-trust investigation into Gazprom's activities. This was based on "concerns that Gazprom may be abusing its dominant market position in upstream gas supply markets." In late November 2013, Gazprom expanded its media interests by acquiring Profmedia from Vladimir Potanin. On 21 May 2014, in Shanghai, Gazprom and the China National Petroleum Corporation made a contract worth $400 billion over thirty years. The contract was for Gazprom to deliver 38 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year to China beginning in 2018. In August 2014, construction began with pipes for the Power of Siberia pipeline delivered to Lensk, Yakutia. Russia will start supplying natural gas to China through the Power of Siberia pipeline on 20 December 2019 as part of the two countries' $400 billion energy pact. Beijing and Moscow are now negotiating over a second Far Eastern gas pipeline. In June 2014, Gazprom negotiated with the International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC of Abu Dhabi) over a 24.9 percent stake in the Austrian oil and gas firm OMV. In July 2014, Gazprom acquired Central Partnership, one of the largest film distributors in Russia. Supply and reserves Production In 2011, Gazprom produced of natural gas, which was 17 percent of the worldwide production and 83 percent of Russian production. Of this amount, the Yamburg subsidiary produced 41 percent, Urengoy 23.6 percent, Nadym 10.9 percent, Noyabrsk 9.3 percent and others 15.2 percent. In addition, the company produced 32.28 million tons of oil and 12.07 million tons of gas condensate. Gazprom's main fields are located in the Nadym-Pur-Taz region (near the Gulf of Ob) in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug in Western Siberia. Historically, the three largest fields are Medvezhe, Urengoy and Yamburg. After more than twenty years of production, the fields are now in decline. Production from the fields has decreased by twenty to twenty-five bcm per year. The production at Zaporliarnoe, Gazprom's fourth largest field, increased until 2004, offsetting the decline in the other fields. Since 2004, Gazprom has maintained production by activating new smaller fields and by purchasing production assets from other companies. Gazprom Neft produces crude oil. In 2005, Gazprom purchased 75 percent of the Gazprom Neft shares for $13.1 billion. Imports from Central Asia Gazprom's ability to supply natural gas to domestic market and for reexport has relied to a large extent on imports from Central Asia. In 2007, Gazprom imported a total of from Central Asia: from Turkmenistan, from Kazakhstan, and from Uzbekistan. In particular, Gazprom purchased seventy-five percent of Turkmenistan gas exports in order to supply gas to Ukraine. In 2008, Gazprom paid $130/mcm to $180/mcm for gas from Central Asia. Reserves In 2015, Gazprom's proved and probable reserves of natural gas were , a 3.8% increase from the 2011 figure which represented 18.4% of the world's reserves. In 2015, the reserves of crude oil were 1.355 billion tons and the reserves of gas condensate were 933.3 billion tons. 59.8 percent of Gazprom's natural gas reserves (Categories A+B+C1) were located in the Urals Federal District (decreasing), 20.5 percent in the Arctic shelf (increasing), and 8.3 percent in the Southern Federal District and North Caucasus Federal District. Development and exploration Gazprom has invested about 480 billion rubles ($20 billion) in new major projects in order to maintain supply. Nearly 37 percent of Gazprom's reserves are located in the Yamal Peninsula and in the Barents Sea. Blue Stream Pipeline One of Gazprom's major projects is the Blue Stream Pipeline. The Blue Stream Pipeline delivers natural gas to Turkey via the Black Sea. In 1997, the Blue Stream Pipeline agreement between Turkey and Russia was signed. In 2000, the first joint was welded. The pipeline has transported 16 billion cubic meters each year. Yamal Peninsula Exploration of the Yamal peninsula has found reserves of over 10 trillion cubic metres of natural gas and over 500 million tons of oil and gas condensate. About 60 percent of these reserves are located in Bovanenkovo, Kharasavey and Novoportovo. The natural gas production capacity of the Bovanenkovo field was estimated to be , with potential to increase to . Shtokman field The Shtokman field is one of the world's largest natural gas fields. It is located in the central part of the Barents Sea, northeast of the city of Murmansk and west of the Yamal Peninsula. The field is estimated to contain up to of gas. Potential production is in the initial phases, with a potential increase to . Gazprom, Total (France) and Statoil (Norway) created a joint company Shtokman Development AG for development of the field. Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous area (Arctic shelf) On 8 April 2013, in Amsterdam, Alexey Miller, Chairman of the Gazprom Management Committee and Jorma Ollila, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Royal Dutch Shell signed in the presence of Putin and Mark Rutte prime minister of Netherlands a memorandum outlining the principles of cooperation within hydrocarbons exploration and development in the Arctic shelf and a section of the deep-water shelf. Exploration In 2008, Gazprom carried out of explorative well drilling; of 2D seismic and of 3D seismic survey. As a result, gas reserves grew by , and crude oil and gas condensate reserves grew by 61 million tons. Gazprom carries out prospecting and exploration in foreign countries such as India, Pakistan, Algeria, Venezuela, Vietnam, Libya, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Transportation Gazprom's Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS) includes of gas trunklines and branches and 218 compressor stations with a 41.4 GW capacity. The UGSS is the largest gas transmission system in the world. In 2008, the transportation system carried of gas. Gazprom has claimed the UGSS has reached its capacity. Major transmission projects include the Nord Stream and South Stream pipelines, as well as pipelines inside Russia. Sales In 2006, Gazprom sold of gas to domestic customers; to the rest of Europe; and to CIS countries and the Baltic states. Gazprom receives about 60 percent of its revenue from its sales to European customers. In 2008, the average gas price paid by Russian industrial customers was $71/mcm, while households paid $54/mcm. Since 2000, Natural gas prices have fluctuated. In late 2007, the price of natural gas at the New York NYMEX was . At a conversion of 26,4 m³ per million Btu it would correspond to a price of $285 per 1,000 cubic metres. At the same time, based on their respective contracts with Gazprom, German customers paid $250 per cubic metre (m3), Polish customers $290 per m3, Ukraine customers $130 per m3 and Russian customers $49 per m3. Exports Gazprom delivers gas to 25 European countries. Its main export arm is Gazprom Export LLC, founded in 1973 and before 1 November 2006 known as Gazexport, which has a monopoly on gas exports to countries outside of the former Soviet Union. The majority of Russian gas in Europe is sold on 25 year contracts. In late 2004, Gazprom was the sole gas supplier to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Finland, Macedonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Serbia and Slovakia. It provided 97 percent of Bulgaria's gas, 89 percent of Hungary's gas, 86 percent of Poland's gas, nearly 75 percent of the Czech Republic's, 67 percent of Turkey's, 65 percent of Austria's, about 40 percent of Romania's, 36 percent of Germany's, 27 percent of Italy's, and 25 percent of France's gas. The European Union receives about 25 percent of its gas supply from Gazprom. In 2014, Europe was the source of 40% of Gazprom's revenue. The proportion of Europe’s gas bought in the spot market rose from 15 percent in 2008 to 44 percent in 2012. In September 2013, during the G20 summit, Gazprom signed an agreement with CNPC that the Henry Hub index would not be used to settle prices for their trades. On 21 May 2014, Putin met with Xi Jinping and negotiated a $400bn deal between Gazprom and CNPC. Under the contract, Russia was to supply 38 billion cubic meters of gas annually over 30 years at a cost of $350 per thousand cubic meters beginning in 2018. During the first half of 2018, Gazprom increased its export about 8.7%. In 2013, the average price of Gazprom’s gas in Europe was about $380 per thousand cubic meters. China offered a loan of about $50bn to finance development of the gas fields and the construction of the pipeline by Russia up to the Chinese border, with the Chinese to build the remaining pipeline. Price disputes On 1 January 2006, at 10:00 (Moscow time), during the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute, Gazprom ceased the supply of gas to the Ukrainian market. Gazprom called on the government of Ukraine to increase its payment for natural gas in line with increases in global fuel prices. During the night of 3 January 2006 and early morning of 4 January 2006, Naftogas of Ukraine and Gazprom negotiated a deal that temporarily resolved the long-standing gas price conflict between Russia and Ukraine. On 3 April 2006, Gazprom announced it would triple the price of natural gas to Belarus after 31 December 2006. In December 2006, Gazprom threatened to cease supply of gas to Belarus at 10 am Moscow time on 1 January 2007, unless Belarus increased payments from $47 to $200 per 1,000 cubic metres or to cede control over its distribution network. Some analysts suggested Moscow was penalising Alexander Lukashenko, the President of Belarus, for not delivering on pledges of closer integration with Russia, while others noted that other countries like Armenia were paying as much for their gas as Belarus would with the new price levels. Gazprom later requested a price of $105, yet Belarus still refused the agreement. Belarus responded that if supplies were cut, it would deny Gazprom access to its pipelines, which would impair gas transportation to Europe. However, on 1 January 2007, just a few hours before the deadline, Belarus and Gazprom signed a last-minute agreement. Under the agreement, Belarus undertook to pay $100 per 1,000 cubic metre in 2007. The agreement also allowed Gazprom to purchase 50 percent of the shares in Beltransgaz, the Belarusian pipeline network. Immediately following the signing of this agreement, Belarus declared a $42/ton transportation tax on Russian oil travelling through the Gazprom pipelines crossing its territory. On 13 March 2008, after a three-day period where gas supplies to Ukraine were halved, Gazprom agreed to supply Ukraine with gas for the rest of the year. The contract removed intermediary companies. On 1 April 2014, Gazprom increased the gas price charged to Ukraine from $268.50 to $385.50 (£231.00) per 1,000 cubic metres. Ukraine's unpaid gas bills to Russia stood at $1.7bn (£1.02bn). On 30 October 2014, Russia agreed to resume gas supplies to Ukraine over the winter in a deal brokered by the European Union. Corporate affairs Gazprom is a vertically integrated company, one which owns its supply and distribution activities. Gazprom owns all its main gas processing facilities in Russia. It operates Russia's high pressure gas pipelines and since 2006, it has held a legal export monopoly. Other natural gas producers, such as Novatek, Russia's second largest gas company, are forced to use Gazprom's facilities for processing and transport of natural gas. At the end of 2008, Gazprom had 221,300 employees in its major gas production, transportation, underground storage and processing subsidiaries. Of these employees, 9.5 percent were in management, 22.9 percent were specialists, 63.4 percent were workers and 4.2 percent were other employees. Gazprom's headquarters are in the Cheryomushki District, South-Western Administrative Okrug, Moscow. Gazprom is a national champion, a concept advocated by Putin, in which large companies in strategic sectors are expected not only to seek profit, but also to advance Russia's national interests. For example, Gazprom sells gas to its domestic market at a price less than that of the global market. In 2008, Gazprom's activities made up 10 percent of the Russian gross domestic product Due to its large projects, including international pipes like Nord Stream and Turkish Stream, Gazprom is a substantial source of revenue for several domestic suppliers and contractors. Shareholders , Gazprom's main shareholders were the Federal Agency for State Property Management with 38.37% and Rosneftegaz with 10.97%. Together with a 0.89 share of Rosgazifikatsiya, they guaranteed a majority control of the company by the Russian government. The rest of the shares were held by investors, including 25.20% by ADR holders on foreign stock markets, and 24.57% by other legal entities and individuals. Gazprom is listed on the stock markets of Moscow, London, Karachi, Berlin, Frankfurt and Singapore. It is the top component of the MICEX and RTS indices. Subsidiaries Gazprom has several hundred subsidiaries in Russia and abroad which are owned and controlled directly or indirectly by the company. Management Gazprom's Board of Directors as of 9 August 2015: Viktor Zubkov (Chairman, Russian Special Presidential Representative for Cooperation with Gas Exporting Countries Forum, First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, former Prime Minister of Russia) Alexey Miller (Deputy Chairman, Chairman of the Management Committee, CEO, Chairman of Gazprombank, former Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia) Andrey Akimov (Chairman of Gazprombank) Farit Gazizullin (former Minister of State Property of Russia, former Minister of Property Relations of Russia) Timur Kulibaev (Chairman of Legal Entities Department) Vitaly Markelov (Deputy Chairman of the Management Committee) Viktor Martynov (Rector of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Professor) Vladimir Mau (Rector of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) Valery Musin (Head of the Civil Procedure Department, Faculty of Law, Saint Petersburg State University) Alexander Novak (Minister of Energy of the Russian Federation) Mikhail Sereda (Deputy Chairman of the Management Committee, Head of the Administration of the Management Committee of Gazprom) Gazprom's management committee as of December 2006: Alexei Miller (Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, CEO, Chairman of Gazprombank, former Deputy Minister of Energy of Russia, member since 2001) Alexander Ananenkov (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, Gazprom shareholder, member since 17 December 2001) Valery Golubev (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Construction and Investment, former Head of the Vasileostrovsky District, former member of the Federation Council of Russia, member since 18 April 2003) Alexander Kozlov (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 March 2005) Andrey Kruglov (Deputy Chairman, Head of the Department for Finance and Economics, member since 2002) Alexander Medvedev (Deputy Chairman, Deputy Chairman of the Board, former Director General of Gazprom Export, President of Kontinental Hockey League, member of the Coordination Committee of RosUkrEnergo, member since 2002) Mikhail Sereda (Deputy Chairman, Head of Administration, Deputy Chairman of Gazprombank, member since 28 September 2004) Sergei Ushakov (Deputy Chairman, member since 18 April 2003) Elena Vasilyeva (Deputy Chairman, Chief Accountant, member since 2001) Bogdan Budzulyak (Head of the Department of Gas Transportation, Underground Storage and Utilization, member since 1989) Nikolai Dubik (Head of Legal Department, member since 2008) Konstantin Chuychenko (Head of the Control Department of Russia, presidential aide to Dmitry Medvedev, former chairman of Gazprom Media, executive director of RosUkrEnergo, former KGB officer, member since 2002) Viktor Ilyushin (Head of the Department of Relationships with Regional Authorities of the Russian Federation, member since 1997) Olga Pavlova (Head of the Department of Asset Management and Corporate Relations, member since 2004) Vasiliy Podyuk (Head of the Department of Gas, Gas Condensate and Oil Production, member since 1997) Vlada Rusakova (Head of the Department of Strategic Development, member since 5 September 2003) Kirill Seleznev (Head of the Department of Marketing and Processing of Gas and Liquid Hydrocarbons, member since 27 September 2002, Director-General of Mezhregiongaz) Sports sponsorships Gazprom is the owner and sponsor of the Russian Premier League football club FC Zenit Saint Petersburg and volleyball club VC Zenit-Kazan and Gazprom-Ugra Surgut at Russian Super League. On 1 January 2007, Gazprom also became the sponsor of the German Bundesliga club FC Schalke 04 at a cost of up to €25 million per year. On 23 November 2009, the partnership was extended for a further 5 years. The sponsorship was worth $150m (USD) over 5 years. On 9 July 2010, Gazprom became a sponsor of the Serbian SuperLiga football club Red Star Belgrade. In 2010, Gazprom was a Gold Partner of the Russian professional cycling team, Team Katusha, together with Itera, and Russian Technologies (Rostekhnologii). On 9 July 2012, Gazprom became a sponsor of the UEFA Champions League and UEFA Super Cup. The sponsorship continued for three seasons until 2015. On 17 July 2012, Gazprom became the official Global Energy partner of the UEFA Champions League 2012 winners Chelsea. The sponsorship continued for three years to 2015. In September 2013, Gazprom became an official partner of FIFA tournaments from 2015 to 2018. The contract includes the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Gazprom also was a sponsor for the defunct-Minardi F1 team in 2002-2003. Environmental record According to geographer Richard Heede, Gazprom is second on the list of companies with the highest level of CO2 emissions globally in 2013 with in 2013, amounting to almost 3.4% of worldwide anthropogenic emissions. Gazprom has been ranked as between the 11th and 13th best of 92 oil, gas, and mining companies on upholding indigenous rights in the Arctic. Controversies Yukos Oil fraud Yuganskneftegaz was the core production subsidiary of the Yukos Oil Company, which was previously run by a Russian businessman, Mikhail Khodorkovsky. In 2003, the Russian tax authorities charged Yukos and Khodorkovsky with tax evasion. On 14 April 2004, Yukos was presented with a bill for over US $35 bn in back taxes and a demand to pay the entire bill the same day. Requests by Yukos to defer payment, allow payment by installments or to discharge the debt by sale of peripheral assets, including its shareholding in the Sibneft oil company, were also refused. The bailiffs froze Yukos’ shares in Yuganskneftegaz and on 19 November 2004, they placed a notice in the Russian government newspaper Rossiyskaya gazeta. Yuganskneftegaz would be sold at an auction thirty days later on 19 December 2004. The conditions for participation in the auction included an advance deposit of US $1.7 bn and prior clearance by the Russian Federal Antimonopoly Service. In early December 2004, Gazprom submitted an application to participate in the auction via its wholly owned subsidiary, Gazpromneft. On 15 December 2004, Yukos filed for a bankruptcy protection in a Houston court, and obtained a temporary injunction prohibiting Gazprom from participating in the auction. On 16 December 2004, a group of Western banks withdrew their financial support for Gazprom's application. On the same day, Baikalfinansgrup, a previously unknown company, applied to participate in the auction. On 19 December 2004, only two companies appeared at the auction, Gazpromneft and Baikalfinansgrup. Gazpromneft declined to place any offer. Baikalfinansgrup acquired Yuganskneftegaz on its first bid. On 23 December 2004, Baikalfinansgrup was acquired by Rosneft. Rosneft later disclosed in its annual financial statement that it had financed the acquisition of Yuganskneftegaz. At the time, Sergey Bogdanchikov was the president of Rosneft and the chief executive officer of Gazpromneft. Shortly after the auction, the planned merger between Gazprom and Rosneft was abandoned, and Bogdanchikov resigned his post as chief executive officer of Gazpromneft. On 7 February 2006, in response to a question by a Spanish journalist, Vladimir Putin disclosed that Rosneft had used Baikalfinansgrup as a vehicle to acquire Yuganskneftegaz in order to protect itself against litigation. Greenpeace protest against arctic drilling Gazprom's oil drilling in the Arctic has drawn protests from environmental groups, particularly Greenpeace. Greenpeace has opposed oil drilling in the Arctic on the grounds that oil drilling would cause damage to the Arctic ecosystem and that there are no safety plans in place to prevent oil spills. In August 2012, Greenpeace had staged protests against the Prirazlomnaya oil platform, the world's first off-shore Arctic drill site. On 18 September 2013, the Greenpeace vessel MV Arctic Sunrise staged a protest and attempted to board Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya oil platform, the world's first off-shore Arctic drill site. Greenpeace stated that the drill site could cause massive disruption to the Arctic ecosystem. After arresting two campaigners attempting to climb the rig, the Russian Coast Guard seized control of the Greenpeace ship by making a helicopter drop, and arrested thirty Greenpeace activists from sixteen different nationalities. The Arctic Sunrise was towed by the Russian Coast Guard to Murmansk. The Russian government intended to charge the Greenpeace campaigners with piracy and hooliganism, which carried a maximum penalty of fifteen years imprisonment. Greenpeace argued their operatives were in international waters. The Russian government's actions generated protests from governments and environmentalists worldwide. According to Phil Radford, Executive Director of Greenpeace in the US at the time, the reaction of the Russian coast guard and the courts were the "stiffest response that Greenpeace has encountered from a government since the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior in 1985." The charges of piracy were dropped in October 2013. In November 2013, twenty-seven of the campaigners were released on bail. In May 2014, the first shipment of Arctic oil arrived at a refinery in the Netherlands and was purchased by the French company, Total. See also Naftogaz CentGas consortium List of Russian companies Enerco Energy Lakhta Center Obskaya–Bovanenkovo Line Energy Triangle List of countries by natural gas production List of countries by natural gas exports List of countries by natural gas proven reserves References Sources External links Russia Category:Natural gas companies of Russia Category:Oil companies of Russia Category:Natural gas companies of the Soviet Union Category:Oil companies of the Soviet Union Category:Natural gas pipeline companies Category:Conglomerate companies of Russia Category:Government-owned companies of Russia Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Russia Category:Companies based in Moscow Category:Conglomerate companies established in 1989 Category:Energy companies established in 1989 Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1989 Category:1989 establishments in Russia Category:1989 establishments in the Soviet Union Category:Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange Category:Russian brands

Japan National Route 239

National Route 239 is a national highway of Japan connecting Abashiri, Hokkaidō and Rumoi, Hokkaidō in Japan, with a total length of 346.6 km (215.37 mi). References Category:National highways in Japan Category:Roads in Hokkaido

Majestic Hotel Group

The Majestic Hotel Group is a Catalan hotel group, with head office in Barcelona. It has been presided by the Soldevila-Casals family since its foundation, in 1918. Currently the group consists of five hotels and two apartment buildings: four of the hotels and the apartments are based in Barcelona and the other hotel is located in Palma of Majorca. Majestic Hotel & Spa Barcelona The principal hotel is The Majestic Hotel & Spa Barcelona, in Barcelona, the first hotel of the group. It is a 5-star and Gran Lujo hotel in Passeig de Gracia. It was firstly opened under the name Majestic Hotel Inglaterra, but during the Spanish Civil War had to have its name changed... The Majestic Hotel & Spa Barcelona was present at an important event in the history of Catalonia and Spain known as the “Majestic Pact”. It was a political pact made in 1996 that represented an acceptance of Catalan nationalism to the rotation power of the Spanish government and the hotel was the place where this happened. The Majestic Hotel was also the place where journalists used to write about the Ebro’s Battle, the longest and bloody battle in the Spanish Civil War, in 1938, that was covered from distance by the journalists. Through the years, the hotel was also the place where many artists and public figures have chosen to stay. One of them was the poet Federico García Lorca, who in his last time in Barcelona, in 1935, stayed at the Majestic. In December of this year, intellectuals and Catalan dedicated to him a dinner because of his prestige. At the hotel, the writer Antonio Machado and León Filipe also stayed a few days in their last month's alive. They were both scaping from the march of the Civil War. The Majestic Hotel Group was classified in the Top 20 by Service in the category Small Luxury Brand on the 2016 Top Luxury Hotel & Brand Report by ReviewPro. Other properties The other properties of the group in Barcelona are: the Hotel Murmuri, a 4-star superior hotel on Rambla Catalunya; Hotel Midmost, a 4-star boutique hotel recently opened and Hotel Denit, a 3 star located nearby Plaza Catalunya. The two apartments are: the Murmuri Residence and the Majestic Residence, located next to Murmuri hotel and the Majestic hotel respectively. In Palma of Majorca, the group has the hotel Sant Francesc, a 5-star boutique hotel located on Sant Francesc Square. References External links Review at Yehotels luxury hotels guide Category:Companies based in Barcelona Category:Hotel chains in Spain Category:Spanish brands Category:Hospitality companies established in 1918 Category:1918 establishments in Spain

1979 Latvian SSR Higher League

Statistics of Latvian Higher League in the 1979 season. Overview It was contested by 14 teams, and Elektrons won the championship. League standings References RSSSF Category:Latvian SSR Higher League Football Latvia

Prince Moulay Ismail of Morocco

Prince Moulay Ismail of Morocco () (born 7 May 1981) is the son of Prince Moulay Abdallah and Lalla Lamia Solh. His mother is daughter of Riad Al Solh, the first Prime minister of Lebanon. The Prince has one older brother, Prince Moulay Hicham. On 25 September 2009, he married Anissa Lehmkuhl, the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Omar Lehmkuhl and his wife, Amina (German citizens converted to Islamic faith). They had issue, one son and four daughters: Sharif Moulay Abdallah, (born on at Rabat), Sharifa Lalla Aisha, (born on at Rabat), Sharifa Lalla Hala, (born on at Rabat). Sharifa Lalla Bahia, (born on at Rabat). Business Prince Ismail owns Theora holding, which has a 35% stake in the now-defunct KIA Maroc (exclusive dealer of KIA cars in Morocco) and also co-owns a number of food & restaurants franchises such as Pizza Del Arte (subsidiary of Groupe Le Duff). Patronages Honorary President of the Hand in Hand Association. References Category:Moroccan royalty Category:People from Rabat Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Moroccan people of Lebanese descent Category:Moroccan people of Arab descent Category:Moroccan princes Category:People from Beirut Category:Moroccan businesspeople

Zodiaq

Zodiaq is an engineered stone made by DuPont composed of 93% quartz crystal and 7% acrylic resin, colors and binders. The product is manufactured in DuPont's Granirex plant in Thetford Mines, Canada. It is used most often as kitchen countertops but also as walls. Its primary advantage is that unlike natural stone products (marble, granite, limestone, wood), Zodiaq is non-porous and does not require a sealant that must be periodically reapplied. Porous products, like granite, are prone to growing molds and staining. The color of Zodiaq is consistent throughout. DuPont offers a 10-year warranty on the installation, (as well as the product itself) if the job is done by a certified fabricator/installer. External links DuPont's Zodiaq website Zodiaq in a green kitchen remodel Category:Brand name materials Category:DuPont

Adrian Sutil

Adrian Sutil (; born 11 January 1983) is a German racing driver, who raced in Formula One for seven seasons: from 2007-2011, then 2013-2014. He drove for the Spyker F1 Team, Force India F1 Team and the Sauber F1 Team. He was also the reserve driver for the Williams F1 Team in . Sutil started karting at the age of 14 and moved into single seater racing in 2002 in the Swiss Formula Ford series where he won the title. He moved up into Formula Masters Austria and started 1 race before stepping into Formula BMW ADAC in 2003. Sutil then raced in the Formula 3 Euroseries where he was the runner-up to Lewis Hamilton in 2005. He went to Japan in 2006 to race in the All-Japan Formula Three Championship and also finished 3rd in the Macau Grand Prix. Having been involved in the Midland F1 test team, Sutil was promoted to a race seat for the new Spyker F1 team in 2007. Sutil continued to race with the team under their new guise Force India in 2008 where he remained until 2011. Having made his return to the sport in 2013 again with Force India, he competed in the 2014 season with the Sauber team. Biography Born in Starnberg, West Germany, Sutil is the son of professional musicians Monika, a German, and Jorge, a Uruguayan. He has two brothers, named Daniel and Raphael. He weighs 75 kilograms (165 pounds) and is 183 centimeters (6 feet) tall. A talented pianist, Sutil started karting at 14 before moving up to Swiss Formula Ford 1800 in 2002. He won all ten rounds of the season from pole and added five wins in the Formula Masters Austria championship. Sutil speaks fluent German, English, and Spanish and a little Italian. Formula BMW and Formula Three When Sutil moved up to the Formula BMW ADAC championship in 2003 he finished in sixth place in the series, but with no wins. The following season he stepped up to the Formula 3 Euroseries with Colin Kolles' team. Although he scored only twice, the connection he made with Kolles would prove useful in the future. He moved to the ASM team at the final round of the year. Sutil stayed with ASM for 2005 and was joined by British driver Lewis Hamilton. Hamilton won more races than Sutil, but the German was runner-up to Hamilton and the Briton's only serious competitor in the championship and at the Marlboro Masters of Formula Three at Zandvoort. Sutil missed the last two rounds of the 2005 Euroseries after joining A1 Team Germany for the inaugural A1 Grand Prix series. He raced for them at three events in Portugal, Australia and Dubai, his best result being two twelfth places. He spent 2006 racing in Japan and won the All-Japan Formula Three Championship. He showed a very strong performance all season. He also finished third in the Macau Formula Three Grand Prix and made a one-off appearance in Japanese Super GT. Formula One Midland (2006) That year also saw Sutil enter Formula One. In January, he was confirmed as one of the three test drivers for the new Midland F1 Racing team, along with Markus Winkelhock and Giorgio Mondini. This came thanks to his connections with Colin Kolles, who was then running the team. Sutil appeared for the team as the third driver at the European, French and Japanese Grands Prix. By the time of his third appearance, the outfit had been bought by Spyker Cars. At the end of the year, he was promoted to second driver for the 2007 season, having been signed on a multi-year contract by the Spyker MF1 Team. In an interview with the Official Formula One website, Sutil's first 2007 teammate, Christijan Albers, commented that "Adrian is a good driver and he will be quick this year, but as a driver you should always be pushing to the limits without thinking what the guy in the car next to you is doing. But Adrian will be a good team-mate and it looks as though he's going to be a big talent [for the future]". Spyker (2007) During 2007, Sutil out-qualified and out-raced his team-mate Albers at all Grands Prix before the Dutchman was replaced by Sutil's countryman Markus Winkelhock, test driver for the team up until that time at the European Grand Prix. Sutil out-qualified Winkelhock, although the latter went on to lead the race and restart after a sudden downpour. Winkelhock resumed his third driver role for the following grand prix at Hungary when Japanese driver Sakon Yamamoto took over the second team seat. Sutil out-performed Yamamoto in the race, passing Honda drivers Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button. In the Hungarian Grand Prix, Sutil was the first Spyker driver in 2007 to beat another running classified finisher, Honda's Rubens Barrichello. For the Turkish Grand Prix, a B-spec car was expected for the Spyker team but it failed a rear crash test and Sutil continued to use the older spec car. After fuel pressure problems, he was forced to start the race from the pits and finished five laps behind. At Monza, despite the introduction of the B-spec Spyker F8-VII and due to the nature of the circuit, the Spykers were largely uncompetitive once again and Sutil finished 19th, again only in front of his team-mate. At the Belgian Grand Prix, the strengths of the B-spec car were fully evident with both Sutil and Yamamoto setting competitive times through the three practice sessions culminating in Sutil qualifying only half a second behind 16th placed man Vitantonio Liuzzi. During the race, Sutil passed the Toyota of Jarno Trulli, Hondas of Rubens Barrichello and Jenson Button as well as the Red Bull's David Coulthard, Toro Rosso's Vitantonio Liuzzi and Williams driver Alexander Wurz. He ran as high as 12th before finishing 14th. He was highly praised for his efforts by both team and media. Two weeks later in the rain at Fuji Speedway, Japan, it seemed Sutil had narrowly missed an opportunity to score Spyker's first ever point, briefly holding 8th position on the penultimate lap of the high-attrition race after Nick Heidfeld retired his BMW, but was almost immediately passed by fellow backmarker Vitantonio Liuzzi in the Toro Rosso and finished 9th. After the race it was found that Liuzzi had overtaken Sutil under yellow flags, and the 25-second penalty for the Italian promoted Sutil to the final points position. Toro Rosso appealed the decision, but the penalty was upheld. Spyker were not competitive in the final two races of the year, neither of which Sutil finished. He has been praised by many for his performances in the 2007 Formula One Championship. Despite driving the most uncompetitive car of the year, the German rookie impressed by not only dominating all of his teammates in both qualifying and race conditions, but also by challenging other drivers with superior equipment. Force India (2008–2011, 2013) 2008 Sutil continued with the team in 2008 under its new identity as Force India, after briefly entertaining the possibility of a drive with McLaren or Williams. The first two races of the season ended with mechanical failures While running in a very strong fourth position in Monaco with six laps remaining, he was hit in the rear by fifth placed Kimi Räikkönen who lost control of his car while braking for the harbour chicane. A crash a few laps earlier had resulted in the safety car being deployed, with Sutil losing his considerable lead over the Finnish driver. Sutil's car suffered damage to the rear diffuser, and he was forced to retire. Mike Gascoyne called for Räikkönen to be punished over the incident. No punishment, however, was given. However, Sutil had overtaken three cars under yellow flags and according to steward Paul Gutjahr, should he have reached the chequered flag, he would have been given a 25-second penalty which would have dropped him out of the point-scoring positions. On 17 October Force India announced they would keep Sutil for the 2009 season. 2009 Sutil and the Force India team started the year with a real optimism of points scoring finishes when the European part of the season started after the first four races. BBC commentator Martin Brundle expressed his personal view that: In Australia, after starting from 16th on the grid, Sutil progressed steadily through the field to finish just outside the points in 9th place. In Malaysia, he qualified 19th and finished 15th when the race was stopped on lap 33 due to torrential rain. In China, Sutil was running in 6th place with 6 laps remaining when he lost control of his Force India – due to aquaplaning – resulting in him crashing and forcing him to retire. In Bahrain, Sutil was penalised for blocking Mark Webber during the first qualifying session. He personally walked into Mark's room to apologise for the incident. In Spain, after running wide at the first corner of the first lap Sutil rejoined the track only to hit the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. The Italian had also run wide and was rejoining the track. This forced both drivers to retire and caused the two Toro Rossos of Sébastien Bourdais and Sébastien Buemi to crash into each other. In Monaco, Sutil finished 14th and finished 17th in Turkey, after qualifying a career-best of 15th. In qualifying in Britain, Sutil went off at Abbey corner after brake failure in Q1. Qualifying was red flagged and as a result no one else could post a lap time. This meant that Sutil was to start from 18th on the grid, although the team had hoped that both Sutil and Giancarlo Fisichella would get into Q2. Due to the damage caused by the accident he had to start from the pit lane because he needed to use a new car and a new engine, and went on to finish 17th in an uneventful race. In Germany, Sutil took advantage of the unpredictable conditions in qualifying, and secured his best-ever qualifying position of seventh. In the race, he was lying in second place for a while before his first pit stop. However, a collision with Kimi Räikkönen after coming out of the pit lane meant he had to pit again to replace his front wing. He finished 15th. It was the second time that a collision with Räikkönen cost Sutil the chance to score points, after the previous incident at the 2008 Monaco Grand Prix. In Hungary, he was forced to retire after just two laps because a water temperature problem caused the engine to overheat, after qualifying 17th. In Valencia, new aerodynamic upgrades for the VJM02 saw him qualify 12th, and he then raced steadily to finish 10th, demonstrating that the team were at last showing signs of competitiveness, as teammate Fisichella finished 12th behind Heidfeld's BMW Sauber. In Belgium, he qualified 11th, although the main celebrations in the Force India pit were for teammate Giancarlo Fisichella's excellent pole position. Sutil finished 11th, while Fisichella finished less than a second behind Kimi Räikkönen's race-winning Ferrari. At the , Sutil took his career best qualifying result of second place and finished fourth in the race behind Räikkönen, despite accidentally overshooting his mechanics during his final pit stop, but they suffered only minor injuries. He also recorded the fastest lap of the race, his first in Formula One and the first fastest lap recorded for Force India. This finish would be the best of his F1 career. In Singapore, Sutil was forced to retire after he collided with Nick Heidfeld of BMW Sauber, moving into his path as he recovered from a spin. After the race, Sutil was reprimanded by race stewards and fined $20,000 for causing an avoidable accident. In Japan, Sutil took his second best career qualifying result of fourth, but was given a 5 grid place penalty along with Jenson Button, Rubens Barrichello and Fernando Alonso for not slowing down while yellow flags were waved (due to a crash by Sebastien Buemi, who was also demoted five places for attempting to drive his badly damaged Toro Rosso back to the pits) and started the race from eighth on the grid. Sutil finished 13th. In the wet qualifying session in Brazil, Sutil qualified third, but retired on lap one following a collision with the Toyota of Jarno Trulli. Out of control on the wet grass outside Turn 5, Trulli hit Sutil, and then slid back onto the track and struck Alonso's Renault, resulting in all three being out of the race. Trulli blamed Sutil for pushing him outside the track at the fifth corner and thus causing the accident, and furiously berated the German at the side of the track in full-view of worldwide TV cameras. This time the stewards took no action against Sutil for the accident, while Trulli was fined $10,000 for his unacceptable behaviour. The matter was not resolved however, as Sutil and Trulli still argued about the accident two weeks later at the driver's press conference for the . In Abu Dhabi, Sutil was unusually off the pace, qualifying only 18th on the grid. Although he overtook several cars during the race, a poor pit strategy resulted in Sutil finishing the race at the back of the field, scrapping with Fisichella (who had joined Ferrari) and Renault's Romain Grosjean. The German eventually finished 17th, 1 lap down but ahead of the Frenchman. 2010 Sutil was in talks with Force India to renew his contract, and on 27 November 2009, the team announced that the German's contract had been renewed, while test-driver Vitantonio Liuzzi was given a full-time race seat. Sutil qualified tenth for the first two races of the year, but a collision with Robert Kubica in Bahrain and a mechanical failure in Australia meant he was unable to score points in either race. However, Sutil commented that the performances proved that the team could now score points in dry races. This comment was backed up by Sutil's fifth-place finish in the following race in Malaysia. In China he finished 11th. In Spain he finished 7th and in Monaco he finished 8th. Sutil again finished in the points in Turkey with a 9th place. He followed this result with points scoring finishes in the next three rounds in Canada, Europe and Britain. 2011 Sutil remained with Force India for , and was joined by DTM champion Paul di Resta. In the first three races of the season, Sutil was out-qualified by di Resta. Sutil finished ninth in the , at the expense of the Sauber cars being disqualified from the race, having finished eleventh on the road. In Malaysia, Sutil finished eleventh, just behind di Resta, and in China, he qualified eleventh. In Monaco, he had his best result of the season, finishing seventh. He retired in Canada after hitting a wall, which resulted in damage to his car's suspension. A ninth-place finish in Valencia was followed by eleventh at the , missing out on the final points-scoring position, held by Jaime Alguersuari, by just 0.6 seconds. At his home race, Sutil took a season best finish of sixth place, after implementing a different strategy to some of the drivers around him on the grid, making just two pit stops to the three made by his rivals. Despite qualifying in the top ten in Hungary, Sutil could only finish 14th, before another points-scoring finish – finishing seventh, after starting 15th on the grid after an accident in qualifying – at the . He retired at Monza after his car suffered a hydraulics problem, before an eighth-place finish in Singapore, holding off a late-race challenge from Felipe Massa. In Japan, Sutil ran inside the top ten placings for much of the race, but finished the race just outside the points in eleventh place, having been passed by Vitaly Petrov and Nico Rosberg in the closing stages of the race. Another eleventh place followed in Korea, before a ninth-place finish in the inaugural race in India. At the final race in Brazil, Sutil matched his best finish of the season with sixth place, and as a result, moved into ninth place in the final championship standings. Shanghai nightclub incident and assault conviction On the evening following the April 2011 , Sutil was involved in an incident with Genii Capital CEO and owner of the Lotus F1 team Eric Lux in a nightclub in Shanghai. Sutil struck Lux with a champagne glass, causing a wound in his neck which required 24 stitches. Sutil apologised for the incident, which he described as unintentional. Lux's lawyers filed a criminal complaint for physical assault and grievous bodily harm against Sutil. Force India owner Vijay Mallya refused to take action against Sutil until the case proceeded further, but on 16 December 2011 Force India announced they had opted not to renew Sutil's contract for 2012, and would field reserve driver Nico Hülkenberg alongside di Resta. On 13 January 2012, German prosecutors announced that Sutil would stand trial over the incident, charged with assault occasioning grievous bodily harm. Sutil was convicted of the charge on 31 January 2012, and received an 18-month suspended prison sentence, along with a €200,000 fine that was to be donated to charities "of the court's choosing." Sutil initially had planned on appealing his conviction but eventually decided not to. Lewis Hamilton, among Sutil's friends at the time, was also present in the nightclub that night. He was named as a defence witness by Sutil's side, but Hamilton did not appear in court because the trial coincided with the launch of his team's car. He stated he could attend a retrial, should one take place, as he would not be occupied on the scheduled day, but as a result, the friendship of the two drivers ended, with Sutil branding Hamilton a "coward." Sutil remained without a seat throughout 2012. 2013 On 28 February 2013, Force India announced that Sutil would return to the team to complete their driver lineup alongside Paul di Resta. He finished seventh at the season-opening , impressing on his comeback by leading for a number of laps throughout the race. In Malaysia, he retired from the race following problems with a new captive wheel nut system that the team had introduced at the beginning of the season. He also retired from the , after being hit by Esteban Gutiérrez. After two non-points finishes he showed a respectable performance at the Monaco Grand Prix by overtaking the world champions Fernando Alonso and Jenson Button to finally end up in 5th position. Sauber (2014) It was announced on 13 December 2013 that Sutil would join Sauber for 2014. For the first six races of the 2014 season Sutil struggled with a car which lacked pace and he also made a number of mistakes which lost him possible points finishes. In November 2014, it was announced he would be dropped and replaced for the 2015 Formula One season. Williams (2015) Sutil joined Williams as a reserve driver prior to the 2015 Malaysian Grand Prix. Sutil was appointed after Williams driver Valtteri Bottas was injured during the , with the team wanting an experienced race driver to deputise for either Bottas or Felipe Massa to maximise their constructors championship points, should either race driver be unable to participate. Racing record Career summary Complete Formula Three Euroseries results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete A1 Grand Prix results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete All-Japan Formula Three results (key) Complete Formula One results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as they had completed >90% of the race distance. References External links F1Fanatic.co.uk – Who's Who: Adrian Sutil Category:1983 births Category:Living people Category:People from Starnberg Category:German people of Uruguayan descent Category:German expatriate sportspeople in Japan Category:German expatriates in Switzerland Category:Racing drivers from Bavaria Category:German racing drivers Category:German Formula One drivers Category:Spyker Formula One drivers Category:Force India Formula One drivers Category:Sauber Formula One drivers Category:Formula BMW ADAC drivers Category:Formula 3 Euro Series drivers Category:Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers Category:Super GT drivers Category:A1 Team Germany drivers

Greg McLay

Greg McLay (born 7 May 1969) is an Australian cricketer. He played six first-class matches for New South Wales in 1990/91. See also List of New South Wales representative cricketers References External links Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:Australian cricketers Category:New South Wales cricketers Category:Sportspeople from Wagga Wagga

Hup Pa Tat

Hup Pa Tat () is a valley located in Uthai Thani Province in Thailand. It is abundant with lots of exotic plants like Arenga Pinnata. The plants expand wildly in the cordon of stalagmites and stalactites. During the visits, rare animals like elongated tortoises and pink dragon millipede might be found. The valley is located in Kao Huai Sok, one of the mountains in a limestone mountain range, comprising an area of about 48,000 square meters. A long time ago, this was an enormous cave until the ceiling collapsed. Major limestone blocks scattered on the floor of the valley confirm this theory. Surrounding by limestone mountains, the sunlight is restrained from reaching the ground during any time than midday. The place was discovered by a local monk in 1979. Later in 1984, the mountain has been blasted to make convenient access to the valley. History The cave was discovered in 1979 by Suntitumgosol, a local monk at Tham Thong Temple. At that time, he climbed down the cliff and found that there are many Arenga Pinnata grow in that area. Which the Arenga Pinnata is categorized as an ancient tree in the same family as palm trees. He has dug off and blasted an opening in 1984. In the same year, this place has become a conservation area to develop it in the future as an ecotourism place. The Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation recognized the uniqueness and importance of the valley and took place under its custody to make it well preserved. Geography and climate Hup Pa Tat is located in the area of Tham Pratun Non-hunting area, Lan Sak district, Uthai Thani city. This area is a limestone mountain range that exists outstandingly surrounded by flat area and agricultural area of the inhabitants. This limestone mountain range consists of 5 limestone mountains which are Kao Pla Ra, Kao Kaung Chai, Kao Noi, Kao Nam Chon, and Kao Huai Sok. Part of the limestone mountain range surrounding the valley is Khao Huai Sok, which is connected to Khao Plara mountain, 1 kilometer away. The surrounding limestone mountain is layered with high cliffs that restrict sunlight from reaching the ground during any time other than midday. These limestone mountains in this area are limestone in the Permian era, which is 245-286 million years. This limestone mountain had been rained on for years, got dissolve by the rain that has a mild acid. The mild acid rain flowed in between the crack inside Huai Sok Mountain until it became a vast cave hole inside the mountain; the process takes about ten to a hundred thousand. This cave is a closed cave inside the mountain which humans cannot enter. While on top of the mountain range, is a forest fulled of plants in ancient times. Until there is an unexpected change in the earth's crust that made the ceiling of the cave collapsed. It became a large pit inside the Huai Sok Mountain which the high of the edge is approximately 150 – 200 meters. Ecology The resulting humidity has contributed to a wealth of flora, featuring large shrubs of the genus Excoecaria that are similar to ancient trees. The department of National Park stated this area as a conservation area dual to its geography with lots of exotic plants such as Caryota urens, Croton oblongifolius Roxb., Oxyceros horridus, balanophoraceae. Walking along the 700 meters path, animal footprints like deer, bears, boars, or tigers claw marks on the trees can be seen. Elongated tortoises and pink dragon millipede can be found in this area. The Pink dragon millipedes can be seen If visited during the rainy season, around August - November. The pink dragon millipede has a bright pink color, looks like the pollen of the flower. It has an outstanding character with a pattern and button that similar to a dragon. It can be found in a forest with high humidity and abundance. Facilities In the valley, there are organized walking paths along the way. After purchasing the admission tickets, visitors receive flashlights. The area is clean and well maintained, including a parking lot, bathroom, a kiosk offering coffee, and shops for snacks and drinks. During weekends at the entrance, young guides from a local school are available for guiding and touring around along the path. Access Hup Pa Tat is located in Tham Pa Thun Non-Hunting Area, at Mu 1, Thung Na Ngam, Lan Sak District, Uthai Thani. From Uthai Thani, take Highway 333, Uthai Thani – Nong Chang route. Then, proceed on Highway No.3438, Nong Chang–Lan Sak route. It is 50.6 kilometers away from Uthai Thani city. A ticket for Thai adults is 20 baht, while for children it is 10 baht. For a foreigner, it will be charging at 200 baht. The opening hours are between 8.30 a.m. to 4 p.m. References Category:Tourist attractions in Uthai Thani Province Category:Geography of Uthai Thani Province

Tróndur Patursson

Tróndur Patursson (born 1 March 1944 in Kirkjubøur) is a Faroese painter, sculptor, glass artist and adventurer. He was educated in Norway and was initially a sculptor. He has since become better known as a painter and glass artist. In February 2013 Patursson had an art exhibition at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts; it was an installation called "Migration", featuring approximately 90 of his trademark stained glass birds in the Grand Foyer windows throughout Nordic Cool 2013. The exhibition was a part of the Nordic Cool 2013. In 1976 he joined Tim Severin in a transatlantic voyage in a replica 6th century leather-hulled curragh named Brendan. The boat was named for the Irish monk Saint Brendan who was said to have made the same voyage centuries before the Vikings and Christopher Columbus. Patursson joined Brendon when it arrived in the Faroe Islands and replaced another crewman. Patursson's home was at Brandonvik, the Viking name for Brendan's Creek. Honour 2013 - Faroese Cultural Prize References External links Tróndur Patursson's website (English version) Category:Danish stained glass artists and manufacturers Category:1944 births Category:Living people Category:Faroese painters Category:Faroese sculptors Category:Faroese explorers Category:People from Kirkjubøur

Pennywell

Pennywell is one of the UK's largest post-war social housing schemes, and is situated in the central-west area of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, North East England. Pennywell is the largest local authority housing estate in the City of Sunderland. The estate mostly built during the late 1940s and early 1950s to replace 19th century slums in the centre of Sunderland. The name Pennywell is of Celtic origin and is thought to mean "wellspring at the top of the hill". The Pennywell estate consists of nearly 3,000 homes, around 11% of which are privately owned and has a total population of 10,709 This figure is considerably lower than in previous decades, when the Pennywell area housed over 20,000 people. Pennywell has traditionally been associated with high crime rates since the estate was completed in 1953. Knife crime and anti-social behaviour have been a growing problem since the 1990s. The estate was the scene of a murder when 22-year-old Kevin Johnson was fatally stabbed outside his house on Patrick Road in the early hours of 19 May 2007. Three teenagers were convicted of the murder six months later and sentenced to life imprisonment. At the trial, it was revealed that after stabbing Kevin Johnson, the three defendants had gone on to attack another man in the area and also damaged two cars. Mr Johnson's family later had two applications for criminal injuries compensation rejected on the basis that he had contributed to his own death by leaving the safety of his home to confront the teenagers about their noisy behaviour. A third application for compensation was successful and the Johnson family received £5,500 from a scheme which could already pay a maximum of £500,000 to claimants. In April 1994, The Independent newspaper condemned Pennywell as a "no go area" and one of the worst places in Britain, highlighting an unemployment rate as 19% (around twice the national average) and that attacks on police and vandalism of police vehicles were a frequent occurrence in the area. As a result of these events, the Gentoo Group are undertaking a massive programme of renewal and regeneration for the area which will provide a high standard of modern housing for social housing tenants and homeowners alike. The first phases of this plan, at Waterford Green, are nearing completion. An industrial area on the western edge of the suburb has, among other businesses Calsonic's injection moulding plant and the Sunderland Echo building. Pennywell Comprehensive School was built in 1967 and remained open until 2008. It was finally demolished in 2009 and replaced with a new facility on the same site – Academy 360. Pupils attending the comprehensive school were members of one of four houses - Stratford (green), Harwell (blue), Everest (yellow) and Runnymede (red). The school boasted excellent sporting facilities including several full size football/rugby pitches, an all-weather athletics track, a fully equipped sports hall (incorporating five-a-side pitches, basketball/netball courts & cricket nets), fully equipped indoor gymnasium with balance beams/climbing ropes/trampoline harnesses, outdoor cricket pitches, tennis courts and several tarmac yard areas with basketball courts. Classrooms were predominantly located in four five-storey tower blocks (B, C, D & E blocks) and included science laboratories, art studios, home economics kitchens and IT suites. The new school (Academy 360) has three houses, Oxford (blue), Mowbray (green), Doxford (red). References Category:City of Sunderland suburbs Category:Sunderland

Feathered Dinosaurs: The Origin of Birds

Feathered Dinosaurs: The Origin of Birds is a book by Australian palaeontologist John A. Long and Peter Schouten connecting feathered dinosaurs with the origin of birds. It was published in 2008 by CSIRO Press (Melbourne) and Oxford University Press. From the ISBN numbers, they appear to be separate printings. There is a previous, different, book with the same title. It is by Thom and Laurie Holmes, and published by Enslow in 2002, . Category:2008 non-fiction books Category:Dinosaur books Category:Paleontology books

Kalatak, Bandar Abbas

Kalatak (, also Romanized as Kalātak; also known as Kalātak-e Kūh-e Pā’īn) is a village in Siyahu Rural District, Fin District, Bandar Abbas County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 17, in 4 families. References Category:Populated places in Bandar Abbas County

Piotr Belousov

Piotr Petrovich Belousov (; May 3, 1912 – March 31, 1989) was a Soviet, Russian painter, graphic artist, art teacher, professor of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, People's Artist of USSR, Corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad school of painting, being most famous for his portraits and historical paintings. Biography Piotr Petrovich Belousov was born May 3, 1912 in the port city Berdyansk, located on the northern coast of the Sea of Azov, of south-east Ukraine, Russian Empire. In 1929, Piotr Belousov met with Brodsky and by his invitation comes to Leningrad to continue his study. He engaged in drawing and painting under Brodsky leadership, as well as in the studio AKhRs and the Community of Artists. In 1933, Piotr Belousov entered the first course of the painting department of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He studied under Mikhail Bernshtein, Pavel Naumov, Alexander Lubimov, and Vladimir Serov. In 1939, Piotr Belousov graduated from the Repin Institute of Arts in Isaak Brodsky workshop together with Aleksei Gritsai, Lev Orekhov, Mikhail Kozell, Gleb Verner, Elena Skuin, Nikolai Timkov, Boris Sherbakov, and other young artists. His graduation work was the historical painting of "On the eve of [the] October Revolution (Meeting of Lenin and Stalin)". Since 1930, Belousov had participated in Art Exhibitions. He painted genre and historical paintings, portraits, landscapes, worked in easel painting and drawings. Most famous for his portraits and historical paintings devoted to the image of Lenin, the history of Bolshevism and the October Revolution in Russia. His personal exhibitions were in the city of Vologda in 1959, and in Moscow in 1982. Since 1940, Piotr Belousov had been a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists. In 1939–1989, Belousov taught painting and drawing in the Repin Institute of Arts. He was Professor and Head of Department of Drawing since 1956. In 1970, he was awarded the honorary titles of the Honored Artist of the RSFSR, in 1978 - the Honorary titles of the People's Artist of the Russian Federation (1978). Also, Belousov was elected as the Corresponding Member of the Academy of Arts of the USSR (1979). Piotr Petrovich Belousov died in Leningrad in 1989. Paintings by Piotr Belousov reside in State Russian Museum, State Tretyakov Gallery, in Art Museums and private collections in Russia, Ukraine, England, France, the U.S., and throughout the world. See also Leningrad School of Painting List of Russian artists List of 20th-century Russian painters List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists Saint Petersburg Union of Artists References Bibliography S. Ivensky. Piotr Petrovich Belousov. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1959. – 40 p. Artists of the USSR. Biography Dictionary. Volume 1. – Moscow: Iskusstvo Edition, 1970. – p. 346. Russian Paintings. 1989 Winter Show. – London: Roy Miles Gallery, 1989. – p. 5,16–17. Charmes Russes. Auction Catalogue. – Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 15 Mai 1991. – p. 38. L' Ecole de Saint-Petersburg. Catalogue. – Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 25 Janvier 1993. Matthew C. Bown. Dictionary of 20th Century Russian and Soviet Painters 1900-1980s. – London: Izomar 1998. , . Vern G. Swanson. Soviet Impressionism. – Woodbridge, England: Antique Collectors' Club, 2001. – p. 87,216,274. , . Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. – Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – p. 9, 13, 15, 19, 26, 28, 357–359, 363–365, 369, 382, 384, 386, 388–393, 396, 399–401, 403–405, 407, 411, 413–415, 419–424, 445. , . Category:1912 births Category:1989 deaths Category:People from Berdyansk Category:People from Taurida Governorate Category:20th-century Russian painters Category:Russian male painters Category:Soviet painters Category:Socialist realism Category:Socialist realism artists Category:Leningrad School artists Category:Repin Institute of Arts alumni Category:People's Artists of Russia (visual arts) Category:Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists Category:Honored Artists of the Russian Federation

Clayhidon

Clayhidon () is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon, England. The parish church is St. Andrews. The parish is in the Blackdown Hills and its northern and eastern boundaries form part of the Devon – Somerset border. From the south-east it has boundaries with the Devon parishes of Upottery, Luppitt and Hemyock. Current information about life in the parish, including detailed proceedings of Clayhidon Parish Council since November 2002, can be found on a community website, launched in March 2011. A parish history is found in the Uffculme library and an old map can be found on the Devon Libraries Local Studies website. References External links Category:Villages in Devon

Bernardo del Carpio

Bernardo del Carpio, also spelled Bernaldo del Carpio, is, since the beginnings of modern historical scholarship, a legendary hero of the medieval Kingdom of Asturias. In contrast with El Cid, he was not based on a real person (and thus could be whatever the creator(s) wanted him to be). Until the end of the nineteenth century and the labors of Ramón Menéndez Pidal, he, not El Cid, was the chief hero of medieval Christian Spain. He was believed to be historical. The story Supposedly the nephew of Alfonso II of Asturias, stories feature him striving against Alfonso to release his father from prison. Other stories have him as the rival and slayer of Roland at Roncesvaux. Bernardo was said to be the son of Sancho, the Count of Saldaña and Dona Ximena (Alfonso II's sister, therefore grandson of King Fruela I of Asturias). Alfonso was not happy with the marriage, so he had Sancho blinded and thrown into prison and took Bernardo. He was raised in Alfonso II's court. Everybody was ordered not to tell the young Bernardo who his father was. Alfonso invited Charlemagne into Iberia to defeat the Moors, promising to name him as heir. Bernardo's victory at Roncesvaux ended that plan. But Bernardo then joined up with the Moors, hoping to force Alfonso into action; but Alfonso secretly had Sancho killed while in prison. Origins The original legend of Bernardo del Carpio was sung by the jongleurs of the Kingdom of León. Later, the Castilian poet Pero Ferrús (fl. 1380) mentions Bernardo del Carpio in one of his cantigas, which combines the theme of the good life in Castile with a series of loores, or lyric paeans, to a series of Greek, Roman, Biblical, chivalric, and Arab heroes. In 1624 Bernardo de Balbuena published El Bernardo, an account of Bernardo's exploits. It is considered one of the masterpieces of Spanish literature. In the opening of Don Quixote, Cervantes has the protagonist especially admiring Bernardo because he crushed Roland with his arms alone, although the context is clear that Quixote is placing too much credence in the fantastic stories of romance. References Burton, David. The Legend of Bernardo del Carpio: from Chronicle to Drama. External links Asociación cultural Bernardo del Carpio Category:Spanish literature Category:Legendary Spanish people

Mohamed El-Kawisah

Mohamed El-Kawisah (born March 8, 1987) is a Libyan judoka. He competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the men's 60 kg event, in which he was eliminated in the second round by Yeldos Smetov. References Category:1987 births Category:Living people Category:Libyan male judoka Category:Olympic judoka of Libya Category:Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics

Hotel "Pod Orlem" in Bydgoszcz

Hotel Pod Orłem (Under The Eagle) is a historical hotel building on Gdańska Street N°14, in the city of Bydgoszcz. Location The building stands on the eastern side of Gdańska Street in Bydgoszcz, near Dworcowa Street. The hotel has a "U" shape, with irregular and uneven corners. Its footprint is delineated by 2 streets (Gdanska and Parkowa) and by the Park Casimir the Great Bydgoszcz to the east. History Prussian period Hotels in this location date back to the beginning of the 19th century, when an inn was built by the Gliszczyński family en route to Gdańsk. In 1822, a carpenter of the Gliszczyńskis' built a new building called the Hotel "The Eagle" () next to the old one. Hotel "The Eagle" is one of the first hotels built in the suburb of Bydgoszcz, then officially called Bromberg. Around 1850, August Friedrich Bernhardt, a baker, bought the building and a nearby piece of land. Between 1875 and 1879, his newly created company was taken over by his son Emil Bernhardt, who had returned from Switzerland where he had taken hotel and catering courses. In 1880 Emil Bernhardt married Louise Müller, daughter of a landlord in the vicinity of Schneidemühl, who had a very substantial dowry. A part of this dowry was likely invested in the construction of Emil Bernhardt's house, located at Gdansks street 16. In 1893 Emil Bernhardt commissioned a Bromberg-born architect, Józef Święcicki, to realize his new hotel project. This building was to stretch under a huge sculpture of an eagle with spread wings. Święcicki's design was based on similar projects from Berlin and Munich. As a signature, Święcicki hid his self-portrait among the row of allegorical heads adorning the façade. The property was built between 1894 and 1896. When completed, the building became the largest and most modern hotel in Bromberg, with an extensively detailed façade and interior decoration. In the hotel's basement, the restaurant was adorned with vaults supported by columns, panelling, and wall paintings modelled after the latest Munich fashions, with niches for seating. From the beginning, the building has been equipped with electric lighting, steam heating, and a hydraulic lift. The facility combined the functions of a residential area (with 3 six-rooms apartment of a high standard), a hotel, and a commercial space (with restaurants and shops). Communication between the different areas was provided by 4 network of staircases and corridors. In 1899, the hotel was leased to the Berlin businessman Rudolf Trillhose. Interwar period In 1920, Bromberg rejoined the territory of the Second Polish Republic and renamed Bydgoszcz, and the building was sold to Polish landlord and tradesman Stefan Majewicz for the then-astronomical sum of 1.25 millionDeutsche Mark. During the interwar period, a modernization of the hotel was carried out; it comprised installing new elevators, changing the décor in the guest rooms, and rebuilding the dining room by adding a mezzanine, new panelling and changing equipments. This renovation work was achieved in 1926 under the direction of Bydgoszcz architect Theophilus Biernacki. In those years, balls, receptions, concerts, chamber music and other entertainment were performed in two different halls; "Columns" and "Raspberry." "Column" Hall was famous for its daily concerts of popular music, played by the Bydgoszcz orchestra, and the restaurant "Pod Orłem" () was one of the best in terms of design, meals and drinks. It was here that banquets in honour of Marshal Piłsudski, President Wojciechowski and General Haller were given. In the 1930s, social elite met at its "Club of the angular Table" (), among them Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki, Konrad Fiedler, Jan Piechocki, Marian Turwid, Henry Kuminek, Stanisław Leśniewski. World War II During the Nazi occupation, the hotel was taken by the Nazis and renamed "Danzinger Hoff"; Erich Blumm became its director. From 1939 to 1945, the south-west corner of the building was rebuilt so as to widen the Gdanska street. Communist Poland's era After the invasion of Bydgoszcz by Soviet troops, the building was returned to its former owners, who resumed the hotel business as a partnership under the leadership of Stanislaw Lipowicz. In October 1945, the hotel was "nationalized" and referred to as the "Society of Workers' Universities". A few more modifications were performed to the edifice, in particular to the attics. In 1952, the Polish state travel agency "Orbis" took ownership of the "Pod Orłem" hotel. The times when Orbis was managing the hotel were treasured in the memory of the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz. Refined cuisine was praised, a number of prominent guests visited the hotel, such as Arthur Rubinstein and Krzysztof Penderecki), and the hotel was a substitute for international contacts in the times when Poland was cut off from the western world. Since 1974, the property is registered on the list of Polish heritage monuments. In 1987, a major overhaul of the building was carried out, awarded in 1993 by the Minister of Culture as one of the best restored building. Modern period At the beginning of the 1990s, heirs from the Majewicz and Kosicki families claimed ownership of the hotel; as a compromise, a limited liability company ("Majewicz Hotel Enterprise") was created on January 1, 1994, with various individuals holding 51% share, including the heirs of the pre-war owners, and Orbis holding the remaining 49%. In 2003, the hotel ranked in the top 20 of the most business friendly hotels in Poland (ranking developed by the Business Magazine in 2003; out of 1500 hotels in the country selected 20 of the most business-friendly). Architecture The building has 5 stories and a basement. Its overall shape consists of a main body and two wings; the North and South. The edifice has been erected in Eclectism style, with Neobaroque references to Rome's Baroque forms. Among the numerous elements that adorn the front, the large-size sculpture of the eagle with outstretched wings which tops the façade is the hotel symbol. The "Pod Orłem"'s façade has 14 windows on each floor. The main architectural horizontal elements are bossages, friezes, cornices and balconies. These elements are balanced vertically by the presence of decorative sculptures and columns that run through the entire height of the façade, along the axis of the main entrance. At the level of the first floor is a loggia with atlantes on the sides topped on the second floor by two eagle figures. The third floor windows are crowned with lintels adorned with a representation of a woman's head on a solar background. On the south-western corner, large atlantes' herms stand at ground level. The hotel interiors feature many Art Nouveau references; in the lobby, the staircase with gold-colored stained glass, the door handles and the forged handrails have an interwar appearance. "Pod Orłem" belongs to the four-star hotel category. In 2009, the hotel had a capacity of 39 single rooms, 32 double rooms and 4 luxury apartments. It comprises a restaurant, "Column", and 5 multifunction rooms where can be organized banquets, balls, conferences and business meetings. The largest rooms are the Malinowa ("Raspberry"), Business Center, and Rotariańska. In the same area, Józef Święcicki also created many other buildings, such as: Oskar Ewald Tenement at Gdanska st.30; Józef Święcicki tenement at Gdanska st.63; Tenement at Gdanska st. 86; Tenement at Freedom Square 1. The building has been registered on the Pomeranian Heritage List (N°601295-reg.90/A) on 15 December 1974. Distinguished guests Gallery See also Bydgoszcz Gdanska Street in Bydgoszcz Dworcowa Street in Bydgoszcz Emil Bernhardt tenement in Bydgoszcz Józef Święcicki References Bibliography Bręczewska-Kulesza Daria, Derkowska-Kostkowska Bogna, Wysocka A.: Ulica Gdańska, Przewodnik historyczny, Bydgoszcz 2003 Jastrzebska-Puzowska Iwona: Hotel „Pod Orłem", Kronika Bydgoska XIV 1992, Bydgoszcz 1993 Parucka Krystyna: Zabytki Bydgoszczy – minikatalog, „Tifen" Krystyna Parucka, Bydgoszcz 2008, External links Web site of Hotel Pod Orłem Bydgoszcz newspaper's article about Hotel Pod Orłem Category:Cultural heritage monuments in Bydgoszcz Category:Buildings and structures on Gdańska Street, Bydgoszcz Category:Buildings by Józef Święcicki Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1896 Category:Hotels in Bydgoszcz

1846 in Norway

Events in the year 1846 in Norway. Incumbents Monarch: Oscar I Events Arts and literature Births 22 February – Peder Nilsen, politician and Minister (d.1921) 4 August – Stephan Sinding, sculptor (d.1922) 5 August – Alvilde Prydz, Norwegian novelist (d.1922 in Norway) 22 August – Amalie Skram, author and feminist (d.1905) 30 September – Oscar Ambrosius Castberg, painter and sculptor (d.1917) 22 October – Anders Andersen, politician (d.1931) 10 December – Gregers Winther Wulfsberg Gram, jurist and politician (d.1929) 15 December – Kittel Halvorson, a U.S. Representative from Minnesota (d.1936) Full date unknown Hans Konrad Foosnæs, politician and Minister (d.1917) Axel Otto Kristian Hagemann, politician Deaths 28 April – Christen Smed, blacksmith and mountaineer (b.1797) See also

Funeral celebrant

Funeral celebrant is a formal term denoting members of a group of non-clergy professionals who are committed to preparing and delivering high quality funeral ceremonies, which are not closely linked to any religion or to belief in an after-life. The concept of funeral celebrants is analogous in Western countries to that of civil celebrants (for marriages). It began in Australia in 1975. On 19 July 1973 the Australian attorney-general Lionel Murphy had appointed civil marriage celebrants with the aim of creating ceremonies of substance and meaning for non-church people. As secular (civil) marriage ceremonies became accepted, first in Australia and then in other Western countries, it was inevitable that a similar philosophical paradigm would be applied to secular funerals. Though initiated in Australia the program and the process has been followed and is now established in New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America. Descriptive definition A civil funeral celebrant is an individual person, quite often, but not necessarily, an authorised civil marriage celebrant, who offers to perform civil funerals in a dignified and culturally acceptable manner, for those who, for whatever reason, do not choose a religious ceremony. Civil funeral celebrants also serve people who have religious beliefs but do not wish to be buried or cremated from a church, temple or mosque. More frequently, people choose civil funeral celebrants because they wish a professional person to co-create a service centred on the person, their history and their achievements. This is often in contrast to the established set-ritual ceremonies of most religions. In celebrant ceremonies decisions about the content of the ceremony are made by the family of the deceased in consultation with the celebrant. Therefore, the civil celebrant can be defined as a professionally trained ceremony-provider who works in accordance with the wishes of the client. Depending on circumstances, best practice is usually for funeral celebrants to interview the family, carefully prepare and check the eulogy, brief those persons chosen to give reminiscences, and finally to provide resources and suggestions that will assist the client family to choose the most appropriate music, video/photo presentations, quotations (poetry and prose), symbols and movement or choreography. Sometimes a rehearsal is indicated for a funeral. More often a planning session is sufficient to ensure that the ceremony that is delivered is the one that is planned. In this task the funeral celebrant works in cooperation with a funeral director. Thus the celebrant is usually the central person who delivers the ceremony. He or she is the facilitator, the adviser, the resource person, the co-creator of the ceremony, and the director. A celebrant, by this definition, does not come from the standpoint of any doctrinal belief or unbelief. A trained celebrant usually operates professionally on the principle that their own beliefs and values are not relevant. The first civil celebrant funeral - Helen Francis An acknowledged pioneer of civil Celebrancy, Dally Messenger III claims to have officiated at the first funeral celebrant ceremony. This was in the sense that the client sought a service from Messenger, as a government appointed civil celebrant, and as a professional ceremony provider. There had occasionally been secular funeral ceremonies before this date, but they were extremely rare and informal, e.g. some words spoken at the graveside by members of the Communist party. In general, funerals were considered to be the province of the clergy - even for unbelievers. For example, many funerals for non-believers were performed by the Salvation army. Dally Messenger III records that this first celebrant funeral was for Helen Francis (née Grieves) on 2 July 1975 at the Le Pine Funeral Parlour in Ferntree Gully, a suburb of Melbourne in the state of Victoria. Helen Francis was a young woman who had engaged Messenger as a celebrant for her wedding to Roy Francis some four weeks previously. Roy Francis convinced Messenger that just as his wife was entitled to a civil celebrant marriage, she was similarly entitled to a civil celebrant funeral. Some 200 people attended and many urged Messenger to continue the work as "much more important than weddings." Messenger credits Dennis Perry, then brother in law of Helen Francis, of being a decisive influence. The inaugural association of funeral celebrants Support of the funeral industry and the clergy From this time on some marriage celebrants began to quietly and carefully officiate at funerals when they were asked to do so. On Tuesday 3 May 1977 a group, consisting of some authorised marriage celebrants and some other persons formed an association - The Funeral Celebrants Association of Australia. Dally Messenger III was elected the inaugural president. Funeral Directors and clergy attended as supportive members of the Association. For them it solved the problem of appropriate ceremony providers for the increasing number families for whom a religious ceremony was no longer an authentic option. For many years this had been an uncomfortable problem for which there had been no good solution. Controversy among celebrants These innovations soon produced a bitter controversy. In a time when death and funerals were almost taboo subjects, the majority of marriage celebrants were viscerally opposed to being associated with funerals. Most, supported by the public servants of the Commonwealth’s Attorney-General’s Department, viewed the situation of civil marriage celebrants also being funeral celebrants as "using their appointment as civil marriage celebrants, to commercially exploit vulnerable people in their time of grief". Most of those marriage celebrants who had attended the inaugural meeting then withdrew their support. The few "marriage celebrant associations" declared their opposition to funerals. However, Lionel Murphy, then a judge of the High Court of Australia, encouraged Messenger to go out into the "highways and byways" and find non-marriage celebrants to fulfil the societal need. Murphy urged Messenger and his colleagues to prepare each ceremony well, to charge a reasonable fee to ensure long term sustainability, and to see the civil ceremony as a cultural bridge between ordinary people and the rich world of the visual and performing arts - especially music, English literature, and poetry. The pioneer civil funeral celebrants The few marriage celebrants of that time (1975-1976) involved - notably Dally Messenger III and Marjorie Messenger - were in the years and months following (to 1980) joined by non-marriage celebrants, Brian McInerney, Diane Storey, Dawn Dickson, Jean Nugent, Ken Woodburn and Jan Tully. A decisive influence later was marriage celebrant, mayor of Croydon, and public advocate Rick Barclay. Messenger credits these persons with establishing the profession in Melbourne, and subsequently throughout the western world. Setting standards and prices Standards As with marriage celebrants, public acceptance of funeral celebrants was enthusiastic and rapid. The early celebrants reported the commonly expressed need of non-church people to have a funeral that was personal in nature, with a minimum of platitudes, and also a personal eulogy that was well prepared, and substantial in its coverage of the life of the person who had died. There was a strong antipathy to mistakes which people had experienced in funeral services, such as factual errors: the deceased being called by the wrong name, or a mispronounced name, as was characteristic of many under-prepared and ritualistic funeral ceremonies provided by the churches. The public also required that music, quotations and individual tributes be appropriate to the deceased person. (Clergy were then induced to compete with these standards and were thus led to provide more personalised ceremonies.) The problem of fees The new Funeral Celebrants needed to establish working relationships with the Funeral Directors, whose role was to collect, prepare, and store the bodies of the deceased. Funeral directors were then (1970s and 1980s) mostly smaller family owned firms. Funeral Directors John and Rob Allison of John Allison Monkhouse (Melbourne, Victoria) were particularly supportive of Funeral Celebrants. So was the active idealist Des Tobin, General Manager of Tobin Brothers Funeral Parlours of Melbourne. The fee that funeral directors had customarily paid to the clergy was not a fee for service but merely an "offering", since the general presumption was that the client was a churchgoer, who had donated to the upkeep of the clergy all his or her life. Funeral Celebrants argued that those who required a personally prepared service, which required many extra hours of preparation, should pay more. Rob Allison agreed, and a two-tiered structure of fees was established. The Funeral Directors argued that the fee should be fixed so they could quote costs clearly to the client. The resulting two-tiered fee acknowledged that civil funeral celebrants had no other sources of income such as the clergy had. However, this happened only in Victoria. Funeral Directors in other states of Australia refused to pay celebrants any more than they had decided to pay the clergy. This led predictably to unsatisfactory standards and uninspiring funeral services. See below under "Australian States other than Victoria". Training and education of celebrants Training It also became clear, as funeral celebrancy became an organised profession, that it was not appropriate for funeral celebrants to learn how to carry out the work by learning from one’s mistakes and experience while ‘on the job’. Celebrants observed that mistakes made in funeral ceremonies could leave lifelong psychological scars. It was clear that skills such as creative writing and public speaking, a knowledge of suitable poetic, literary, symbolic and musical resources, an awareness of punctuality and time, appropriate dress and similar were essential. It was clear that a formal educational and training process was required. Education Experienced celebrants maintained it was crucial for trainee celebrants to achieve an understanding of the "grief process" and how it impacted on their work. The Australian lecture tour of a renowned scholar in this area, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, organised by funeral celebrant Diane Storey, received wide media publicity and was credited with changing social attitudes to death and dying. Training, in the informal sense, began by constant reflective interaction among the original celebrants who all knew each other. Later on when more funeral celebrants were attracted to the vocation, programs of seminars were set up by celebrants Beverley Silvius, Diane Storey and Brian and Tina McInerney. This body of learning was later incorporated into the courses more formally prepared by the College of Celebrancy in 1995. The securing of celebrant professionalism It was agreed that adequate training of celebrants must leave them capable of providing the standards the general public expected such as full personal interaction and cooperation with the family, careful preparation of a historical and personal eulogy, attentive choosing of readings (poetry and prose), music, choreography (processionals and recessionals), symbolism, and an appropriate setting and place for the ceremony. Another essential was that Celebrants should check the eulogy and the ceremony with a member of the family, so that harmful mistakes were avoided. In short, funeral ceremonies were viewed as a serious responsibility which should be prepared with efficiency and attention to detail, requiring an attitude of genuineness, empathy and compassion. The high ideals of the original celebrants and the ones who slowly joined their ranks changed the nature of the funeral ceremony scene in Melbourne and Victoria. They professed to offer the best and most personal funerals which existed in the Western world. This high standard is well acknowledged by Professor Tony Walter, lecturer and reader in Death and Society at the University of Reading UK. Professor Walter particularly singles out for commentary two celebrants he considered outstanding, Brian McInerney and Rick Barclay. TIME Magazine report International acknowledgment was provided by a comprehensive article in Time Magazine (September 2004) reporting that in the "liberal" cities of Melbourne (Australia) and Auckland (New Zealand) civil celebrants "conduct substantially more than half of the funerals." It reported that before 1973 only clergy funerals were available to the general public in Australia and New Zealand. The article describes celebrant funerals as "intimate and personalised". But it also cited an alternative point of view by atheist sociologist Mira Crouch who stated that celebrant funerals were "mawkish and sentimental". The Australian Institute of Civil Celebrants In January 1992 the ‘’Funeral Celebrants Association of Australia’’ had become the ‘’Australian Institute of Civil Celebrants’’. This new body was able to welcome marriage celebrants, who were increasingly in disagreement with the Marriage Celebrants Associations, which continued to oppose secular funeral celebrants. An active marriage celebrant with a public profile, Rick Barclay was voted in as President, Dally Messenger III as Secretary, and Ken Woodburn as Treasurer. These three administered the Institute until it became ‘’The Australian Federation of Civil Celebrants Inc’’ in January 1994. Although no reliable statistics were kept In Melbourne or Victoria by any reputable authority, informal checks of the funerals services as advertised in the Melbourne newspapers by celebrant John Dean concluded that in 1998 about 82% of all advertised funeral services in Melbourne were performed by civil funeral celebrants. Australian States other than Victoria Funeral Directors in states of Australia other than Victoria still refused to pay celebrants any more than they paid the clergy i.e. a low "stipend" or "offering". The results were predictable. With some notable exceptions, very few marriage celebrants were prepared to put the amount of painstaking time and effort into the preparation and checking of funeral ceremonies that was required to reach the Victorian standard. Many Funeral Directors in these states saw celebrants as a threat to their income and were openly hostile. Several firms declared every member of their staff a celebrant. Others employed an in-house celebrant who was required to perform 13 or 14 funeral ceremonies per week — compelling such employees to resort to one-size-fits-all impersonal ceremonies. A "celebrant funeral" in these contexts became the worst option available. As author and commentator Robert Larkins put it, speaking of one family’s experience- Geoff was not a religious man so there was no minister of religion present, just a celebrant… Susanne had found the funeral experience to be deeply dissatisfying. As church attendances declined, funeral directors in New South Wales pushed non-church people into organising "family ceremonies". A few families proved capable of this, but most were not. A further decline in standards in Australia As inflation took hold during the years 1990 to 2009 the value of money declined. Funeral Directors in Australia, who effectively controlled fees for celebrants, held out against any increases in payments. The loss of support for celebrants due to the retirements of idealist Funeral Directors such as Rob and John Allison and Desmond Tobin was keenly felt. The takeover of the small and middle size Funeral Companies by the multinational company Invocare Limited, meant there was little interest in any celebrant standards of ceremony. Larkins lists five pages of Funeral Homes purchased by Invocare Limited including such names as Simplicity Funerals, White Lady Funerals, Tobin Brothers Funerals and Le Pine Funerals. All these smaller firms kept their original names, thus misleading the public as to ownership. Notwithstanding the above, a core group of Funeral Celebrants throughout Australia still provide the public with funeral ceremonies in accordance with the original ideals. Funeral celebrants in NZ, UK and USA In the late 1970s New Zealand followed Australia in establishing funeral celebrants and have had an untroubled history. The Humanist Society of England and Scotland, after many visits to Australia in the 1980s, established a wide network of quality funeral celebrants characterised by a strong non-religious stance. Others in the UK have set themselves up as Civil Funeral Celebrants based on the Australian/Victorian model. They are gaining wide acceptance particularly funeral celebrants trained by the United Kingdom Society of Celebrants. The USA Celebrant Foundation, established by graduates of the Australian-based International College of Celebrancy in 2003, has emerged as the leading organisation in training and educating civil celebrants in the USA. Originally a force for secular wedding and naming ceremonies, since 2009 some civil celebrants in the USA have become more involved in high standard funeral ceremonies. References Category:Australian culture Category:Funerals

USS Chew (DD-106)

USS Chew (DD-106) was a in the United States Navy during World War I and World War II. She was named in honor of Samuel Chew. From 1918 to 1922, Chew operated along the East Coast of the United States on patrol and training duties, including escorting a transatlantic voyage of Curtiss NC seaplanes. In 1940, she was recommissioned and operated out of Pearl Harbor. During the 7 December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, she brought her guns to bear against aircraft of the Empire of Japan, and two of her men were killed helping to man the battleship . For the remainder of the war, Chew operated out of the port on escort and patrol duties, until she was decommissioned in 1945. Design and construction Chew was one of 111 s built by the United States Navy between 1917 and 1919. She, along with seven of her sisters, were constructed at Union Iron Works shipyards in San Francisco, California using specifications and detail designs drawn up by Bethlehem Steel. She had a standard displacement of an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . On trials, reached a speed of . She was armed with four 4"/50 caliber guns and twelve torpedo tubes. She had a regular crew complement of 113 officers and enlisted men. She was driven by two Curtis steam turbines powered by four Yarrow boilers. Specifics on Chews performance are not known, but she was one of the group of Wickes-class destroyers designed by Bethlehem Steel, built from a different design than the 'Liberty type' destroyers constructed from detail designs drawn up by Bath Iron Works, which used Parsons or Westinghouse turbines. The non-'Liberty' type destroyers deteriorated badly in service, and in 1929 all 60 of this group were retired by the Navy. Actual performance of these ships was far below intended specifications especially in fuel economy, with most only able to make at instead of the design standard of at . The class also suffered problems with turning and weight. Chew was the first and only ship commissioned in the U.S. Navy named for Samuel Chew, who had been a Continental Navy officer killed in the Revolutionary War. Service history Chew was launched on 26 May 1918 out of San Francisco, sponsored by F. X. Gygax. She was commissioned on 12 December 1918 under the command of Commander J. H. Klein Jr. She sailed for the East Coast of the United States on 21 December 1918, and arrived in port at Newport, Rhode Island on 10 January 1919. After brief repairs at port in New York City, New York and refresher training at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, she cleared New York on 28 April and embarked as an escort during the first transatlantic seaplane flight, made by Curtiss NC-4 aircraft. Following this duty, she visited to the Azores, Gibraltar, Malta, and Constantinople before returning to New York on 5 June. After repairs, she steamed for San Diego, California, leaving New York on 17 September and arriving in San Diego on 12 October. Beginning on 19 November 1919, she was placed in reduced commission, operating only infrequently with Naval reservists of Reserve Division 10 until she was placed out of commission on 1 June 1922. At a part of the mobilization effort preceding the U.S. entry into World War II, Chew was recommissioned on 14 October 1940, assigned to Defense Force, 14th Naval District. She arrived at Pearl Harbor on 17 December 1940 which she made her home port. She spent the next year conducting patrols and had training duty from Pearl Harbor. She was assigned to Destroyer Division 80, with sister ships , , and . On the morning of 7 December 1941, Chew was moored in Berth X-5, alongside Allen and the decommissioned , which was being used for storage. At the outbreak of the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan that morning, Chew brought one of her 3"/23 caliber guns online and began firing at 08:03, under the command of her executive officer. At 08:11, two of her .50 caliber machine guns were also brought online and began firing. The gun scored one Japanese aircraft shot down and two damaged, and the machine guns observed no hits. Chew maintained continuous fire from these weapons until 09:34, when the last of the Japanese aircraft departed. She then got underway and began patrolling for Japanese submarine activity, just southwest of the port entrance buoy. She pinged eight possible contacts and dropped 28 depth charges, which her commander, H. R. Hummer, Jr., reported two Japanese submarines destroyed. Subsequent evidence does not suggest Chew struck any Japanese submarines. In the chaos of the attack, a number of Chew crew members also disembarked and came aboard nearby battleship , which was in drydock, to assist in manning guns, forming ammunition trains, and fighting fires. Aboard Pennsylvania, two Chew crewman were killed in defending the ship, Seaman Second Class Matthew J. Agola and Fireman Third Class Clarence A. Wise. From 1941 through the end of World War II, Chew operated out of Pearl Harbor on patrol. She took on periodic escort duties among the Hawaiian Islands and on training duty for submarines. She made occasional trips to San Francisco and Seattle escorting convoys and screening for other Navy ships, inter-island escort, and submarine training duty. Following the end of the war, she departed Pearl Harbor on 21 August 1945 and arrived at Philadelphia 13 September. She was decommissioned there on 10 October 1945, and sold for scrap on 4 October 1946. Chew received one battle star for World War II service. See also List of United States Navy destroyers Notes Sources External links NavSource Photos USS Chew Pearl Harbor AAR Category:Wickes-class destroyers Category:World War II destroyers of the United States Category:Ships present during the attack on Pearl Harbor Category:Ships built in San Francisco Category:1918 ships

An Object

An Object is the fourth studio album from the duo No Age and third to be released through Sub Pop. The band physically created, printed, packaged, and manufactured 10,000 units of the record themselves. Background and recording Track listing Personnel Randy Randall - Composer Dean Spunt - Composer Facundo Bermudez - Producer, Engineer Pete Lyman - Mastering Isaac Takeuchi - Cello References Category:No Age albums Category:2013 albums Category:Sub Pop albums

Dancing Your Memory Away

"Dancing Your Memory Away" is a song recorded by American country music artist Charly McClain. It was released in June 1982 as the first single from the album Too Good to Hurry. The song reached number three on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Eddie Burton and Thomas Alan Grant for Barnwood Music which is now owned by HoriPro Entertainment. "Dancing Your Memory Away" also won two BMI awards, one at the country awards in Nashville and the other at the pop awards in Beverly Hills, CA. The song was first recorded by Tammy Wynette for her Soft Touch album. The Charly McClain version was produced by Norro Wilson. It has since been recorded by over 30 different artists around the world. Chart performance References External links Category:1982 singles Category:1982 songs Category:Tammy Wynette songs Category:Charly McClain songs Category:Song recordings produced by Norro Wilson Category:Epic Records singles

Alad (island)

Alad is an island in the Philippines. The Philippine third-class municipality of Romblon is located on Alad and on Romblon, Cobrador, and Logbon Islands. See also List of islands of the Philippines References Category:Islands of Romblon

C. Hamilton Sanford

Charles Hamilton Sanford (May 28, 1873 - February 16, 1942) was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and was president of the Syracuse Trust Company and co-founder of Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company in Syracuse, New York. Biography Sanford was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 28, 1873. He was the son of Theodore S. Sanford and Arabella Fenton Sanford. His father was a "leading figure" in the banking and financial circles of the Ohio metropolis. Early career C. Hamilton Sanford, as he was known, was "so eager to get into the business field in which his father had succeeded" that, on graduation from Cleveland public schools, he took a job as a messenger for the German-American Savings Bank. He worked there for a year and then became a clerk in the Western Reserve National Bank of Cleveland, where he remained until its merger with the Bank of Commerce National Association. During his time there, he rose to the position of "paying teller" and after the merger he was promoted to a "receiving teller" and later, "assistant cashier". Bank president In 1902, he became "cashier" of the old National Bank of Syracuse where he remained in that position until 1915, when he was elected president of the firm. When the National Bank of Syracuse was amalgamated with the Syracuse Trust Company in 1918, he became vice-president of the combined bank and was promoted to president two years later in 1920. Sanford spent another 19 years as executive head of the large Upstate, New York bank as a "financier of prestige", not only in his adopted state, but far beyond its confines. By 1927, Syracuse Trust Company had two branches, one at 330 South Warren and the other at 509 North Salina Street in Syracuse. The company was renamed to Marine Midland Trust Company of Central New York in January 1953, and Marine Midland Bank in 1971. By 1999, the bank changed its name to HSBC Bank USA. Sanford-Herbert trucks C. Hamilton Sanford was one of the founders of the Sanford-Herbert Motor Truck Company in Syracuse, New York, in 1909. He succeeded the late J. Frank Durston as president of the concern in 1921. Retirement He retired from active business in January 1939, but remained as head of the board of directors of the Syracuse Trust Company. Sanford was succeeded in the presidency by Harry W. Davies. Personal life He was married to Alice Durston Sanford and had two sons; C. Hamilton Sanford, Jr., and Durston Sanford and one daughter, Adele Sanford. He also had two grandchildren; Samuel Cook Sanford and C. Hamilton Sanford III. He was a lifelong Republican. During World War I he worked for the Liberty Loan sales, in Red Cross drives and in the War Chest campaign. Sanford was a member of the Syracuse Chamber of Commerce, the Century Club and the Onondaga Golf and Country Club. Death C. Hamilton Sanford died on February 16, 1942, at age 68. Funeral services were held at his home at 215 Maple Drive in DeWitt, New York, a suburb of Syracuse. He had been in poor health for several years. Sanford was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Syracuse after services at First Presbyterian Church. References Category:Businesspeople from Syracuse, New York Category:Businesspeople from Cleveland Category:Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Syracuse, New York) Category:1873 births Category:1942 deaths

224th Mixed Brigade

224th Mixed Brigade may refer to: 224th Brigade (United Kingdom) 224th Mixed Brigade (Spain)

2007 Shandong coal mine flood

The 2007 Shandong coal mine flood was an incident that occurred on August 17, 2007 in Xintai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, when heavy rain caused a river to burst a levee creating a flood into two mine shafts. By 8:50 am (1:50GMT), the mine was inundated underwater. Damages and casualties More than 200mm of rain had fallen in Xintai, causing a 50-metre breach of a levee of the Wen river. Water poured into the 860-metre deep pit at the Huayuan mine, quickly overwhelming the mine's pumps. The 172 miners were trapped in a 3,000-foot-deep mine shaft when a mine operated by the Huayuan Mining Co. Nine others were also missing, in a nearby mine run by a different company. None of the 181 miners, living or dead, were recovered from the two mines after the accident. The Huayuan mine was flooded with an estimated 12 million cubic metres of water. If all six available pumps were used around the clock they could pump out about 120,000 cubic metres of water a day. But only four were operational. Unofficially, experts say that it would take almost 100 days to drain the water inside the mine. Aftermath An official at China.com.cn discussed the fact that signs of flooding had appeared in advance prior to the incident, and that the "disaster was completely avoidable." On September 6, the Shandong provincial government issued a statement citing scientists who said that none of the miners would be able to make it out alive after that amount of time underground. See also Coal power in China References Shandong mine flood Shandong mine flood Category:Environmental disasters in China 2007 Category:2007 floods Category:Shandong Category:Coal mining disasters in China

July 4

The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date. Events 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaimed herself empress (Augusta) of the Eastern Roman Empire. 836 – Pactum Sicardi, a peace treaty between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples, is signed. 993 – Ulrich of Augsburg is canonized as a saint. 1054 – A supernova, called SN 1054, is seen by Chinese Song dynasty, Arab, and possibly Amerindian observers near the star Zeta Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula. 1120 – Jordan II of Capua is anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death. 1187 – The Crusades: Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem. 1253 – Battle of West-Capelle: John I of Avesnes defeats Guy of Dampierre. 1359 – Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz. 1456 – Ottoman–Hungarian wars: The Siege of Nándorfehérvár (Belgrade) begins. 1534 – Christian III is elected King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye. 1584 – Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe arrive at Roanoke Island 1610 – The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Muscovite War. 1634 – The city of Trois-Rivières is founded in New France (now Quebec, Canada). 1744 – The Treaty of Lancaster, in which the Iroquois cede lands between the Allegheny Mountains and the Ohio River to the British colonies, was signed in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 1774 – Orangetown Resolutions are adopted in the Province of New York, one of many protests against the British Parliament's Coercive Acts. 1776 – American Revolution: The United States Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress. 1778 – American Revolutionary War: U.S. forces under George Clark capture Kaskaskia during the Illinois campaign. 1802 – At West Point, New York, the United States Military Academy opens. 1803 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the U.S. people. 1817 – In Rome, New York, construction on the Erie Canal begins. 1826 – Thomas Jefferson, third president of the United States, dies the same day as John Adams, second president of the United States, on the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence. 1827 – Slavery is abolished in the State of New York. 1831 – Samuel Francis Smith writes "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" for the Boston, Massachusetts July 4 festivities. 1837 – Grand Junction Railway, the world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool. 1838 – The Iowa Territory is organized. 1845 – Henry David Thoreau moves into a small cabin on Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau's account of his two years there, Walden, will become a touchstone of the environmental movement. 1855 – The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems, Leaves of Grass, is published In Brooklyn. 1862 – Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequels. 1863 – American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg: Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to U.S. forces under Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. One hundred fifty miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate army is repulsed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas. 1863 – American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia withdraws from the battlefield after losing the Battle of Gettysburg, signalling an end to the Confederate invasion of U.S. territory. 1879 – Anglo-Zulu War: The Zululand capital of Ulundi is captured by British troops and burned to the ground, ending the war and forcing King Cetshwayo to flee. 1881 – In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens. 1886 – The first scheduled Canadian transcontinental train arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia. 1887 – The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi. 1892 – Western Samoa changes the International Date Line, causing Monday (July 4) to occur twice, resulting in a year with 367 days. 1892 – The first double-decked street car service was inaugurated in San Diego, California. 1894 – The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole. 1898 – En route from New York to Le Havre, the SS La Bourgogne collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of Sable Island, with the loss of 549 lives. 1901 – William Howard Taft becomes American governor of the Philippines. 1903 – The Philippine–American War is officially concluded. 1910 – African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match, sparking race riots across the United States. 1911 – A massive heat wave strikes the northeastern United States, killing 380 people in eleven days and breaking temperature records in several cities. 1913 – President Woodrow Wilson addresses American Civil War veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913. 1914 – The funeral of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie takes place in Vienna, six days after their assassinations in Sarajevo. 1918 – Mehmed V died at the age of 73 and Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne. 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Hamel, a successful attack by the Australian Corps against German positions near the town of Le Hamel on the Western Front. 1918 – Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date). 1927 – First flight of the Lockheed Vega. 1934 – Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design that would later be used in the atomic bomb. 1939 – Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, informs a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considers himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth", then announces his retirement from major league baseball. 1941 – Nazi crimes against the Polish nation: Nazi troops massacre Polish scientists and writers in the captured Ukrainian city of Lviv. 1941 – World War II: The Burning of the Riga synagogues: The Great Choral Synagogue in German occupied Riga is burnt with 300 Jews locked in the basement. 1942 – World War II: The 250-day Siege of Sevastopol in the Crimea ends when the city falls to Axis forces. 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Kursk, the largest full-scale battle in history and the world's largest tank battle, begins in the village of Prokhorovka. 1943 – World War II: In Gibraltar, a Royal Air Force B-24 Liberator bomber crashes into the sea in an apparent accident moments after takeoff, killing sixteen passengers on board, including general Władysław Sikorski, the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army and the Prime Minister of the Polish government-in-exile; only the pilot survives. 1946 – The Kielce pogrom against Jewish Holocaust survivors in Poland. 1946 – After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule by various powers, the Philippines attains full independence from the United States. 1947 – The "Indian Independence Bill" is presented before the British House of Commons, proposing the independence of the Provinces of British India into two sovereign countries: India and Pakistan. 1950 – Cold War: Radio Free Europe first broadcasts. 1951 – Cold War: A court in Czechoslovakia sentences American journalist William N. Oatis to ten years in prison on charges of espionage. 1951 – William Shockley announces the invention of the junction transistor. 1958 – U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Rivers and Harbors Flood Control Bill. 1960 – Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaii as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Acts (United States)). 1961 – On its maiden voyage, the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-19 suffers a complete loss of coolant to its reactor. The crew are able to effect repairs, but 22 of them die of radiation poisoning over the following two years. 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act went into effect the next year. 1976 – Israeli commandos raid Entebbe airport in Uganda, rescuing all but four of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists. 1976 – The U.S. celebrates its Bicentennial. 1977 – The George Jackson Brigade plants a bomb at the main power substation for the Washington state capitol in Olympia, in solidarity with a prison strike at the Walla Walla State Penitentiary Intensive Security Unit. 1982 – Three Iranian diplomats and a journalist are kidnapped in Lebanon by Phalange forces, and their fate remains unknown. 1987 – In France, former Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie (a.k.a. the "Butcher of Lyon") is convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment. 1994 – Rwandan genocide: Kigali, the Rwandan capital, is captured by the Rwandan Patriotic Front, ending the genocide in the city. 1997 – NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars. 1998 – Japan launches the Nozomi probe to Mars, joining the United States and Russia as a space exploring nation. 2001 – Vladivostock Air Flight 352 crashes on approach to Irkutsk Airport killing all 145 people on board. 2004 – The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the World Trade Center site in New York City. 2004 – Greece beats Portugal in the UEFA Euro 2004 Final and becomes European Champion for first time in its history. 2005 – The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1. 2009 – The Statue of Liberty's crown reopens to the public after eight years of closure due to security concerns following the September 11 attacks. 2009 – The first of four days of bombings begins on the southern Philippine island group of Mindanao. 2012 – The discovery of particles consistent with the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider is announced at CERN. 2015 – Chile claims its first title in international soccer by defeating Argentina in the 2015 Copa América Final. Births AD 68 – Salonina Matidia, Roman daughter of Ulpia Marciana (d. 119) 1095 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Muslim poet, author and faris (Knight) (d. 1188) 1330 – Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shōgun (d. 1367) 1477 – Johannes Aventinus, Bavarian historian and philologist (d. 1534) 1546 – Murad III, Ottoman sultan (d. 1595) 1656 – John Leake, Royal Navy admiral (d. 1720) 1694 – Louis-Claude Daquin, French organist and composer (d. 1772) 1715 – Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet and academic (d. 1769) 1719 – Michel-Jean Sedaine, French playwright (d. 1797) 1729 – George Leonard, American lawyer, jurist and politician (d. 1819) 1753 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard, French inventor, best known as a pioneer in balloon flight (d. 1809) 1790 – George Everest, Welsh geographer and surveyor (d. 1866) 1799 – Oscar I of Sweden (d. 1859) 1804 – Nathaniel Hawthorne, American novelist and short story writer (d. 1864) 1807 – Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (d. 1882) 1816 – Hiram Walker, American businessman, founded Canadian Club whisky (d. 1899) 1826 – Stephen Foster, American songwriter and composer (d. 1864) 1842 – Hermann Cohen, German philosopher (d. 1918) 1845 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist and humanitarian (d. 1905) 1847 – James Anthony Bailey, American circus ringmaster, co-founded Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus (d. 1906) 1854 – Victor Babeș, Romanian physician and biologist (d. 1926) 1868 – Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronomer and academic (d. 1921) 1871 – Hubert Cecil Booth, English engineer (d.1955) 1872 – Calvin Coolidge, American lawyer and politician, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933) 1874 – John McPhee, Australian journalist and politician, 27th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1952) 1880 – Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1975) 1881 – Ulysses S. Grant III, American general (d. 1968) 1883 – Rube Goldberg, American sculptor, cartoonist, and engineer (d. 1970) 1887 – Pio Pion, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1965) 1888 – Henry Armetta, Italian-American actor and singer (d. 1945) 1895 – Irving Caesar, American songwriter and composer (d. 1996) 1896 – Mao Dun, Chinese journalist, author, and critic (d. 1981) 1897 – Alluri Sitarama Raju, Indian activist (d. 1924) 1898 – Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican-American historian and activist (d. 1997) 1898 – Gertrude Lawrence, British actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1952) 1898 – Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician (d. 1998) 1898 – Gertrude Weaver, American supercentenarian (d. 2015) 1900 – Belinda Dann, Indigenous Australian who was one of the Stolen Generation, reunited with family aged 107 (d. 2007) 1900 – Nellie Mae Rowe, African-American folk artist (d. 1982) 1902 – Meyer Lansky, American gangster (d. 1983) 1902 – George Murphy, American actor and politician (d. 1992) 1903 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1986) 1904 – Angela Baddeley, English actress (d. 1976) 1905 – Irving Johnson, American sailor and author (d. 1991) 1905 – Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey, British diplomat and public servant (d. 1996) 1905 – Lionel Trilling, American critic, essayist, short story writer, and educator (d. 1975) 1906 – Vincent Schaefer, American chemist and meteorologist (d. 1993) 1907 – John Anderson, American discus thrower (d. 1948) 1907 – Howard Taubman, American author and critic (d. 1996) 1909 – Alec Templeton, Welsh composer, pianist and satirist (d. 1963) 1910 – Robert K. Merton, American sociologist and scholar (d. 2003) 1910 – Gloria Stuart, American actress (d. 2010) 1911 – Bruce Hamilton, Australian public servant (d. 1989) 1911 – Mitch Miller, American singer and producer (d. 2010) 1914 – Nuccio Bertone, Italian automobile designer (d. 1997) 1915 – Timmie Rogers, American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 2006) 1916 – Iva Toguri D'Aquino, American typist and broadcaster (d. 2006) 1918 – Eppie Lederer, American journalist and radio host (d. 2002) 1918 – Johnnie Parsons, American race car driver (d. 1984) 1918 – King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga, (d. 2006) 1918 – Alec Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2010) 1918 – Eric Bedser, English cricketer (d. 2006) 1918 – Pauline Phillips, American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (d. 2013) 1920 – Norm Drucker, American basketball player and referee (d. 2015) 1920 – Leona Helmsley, American businesswoman (d. 2007) 1920 – Fritz Wilde, German footballer and manager (d. 1977) 1920 – Paul Bannai, American politician (d. 2019) 1921 – Gérard Debreu, French economist and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004) 1921 – Nasser Sharifi, Iranian sports shooter 1921 – Metropolitan Mikhail of Asyut (d. 2014) 1921 – Philip Rose, American actor, playwright, and producer (d. 2011) 1921 – Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist and conductor (d. 2003) 1922 – R. James Harvey, American politician (d. 2019) 1923 – Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss lawyer and politician (d. 2013) 1924 – Eva Marie Saint, American actress 1924 – Delia Fiallo, Cuban author and screenwriter 1925 – Ciril Zlobec, Slovene poet, writer, translator, journalist and politician (d. 2018) 1925 – Dorothy Head Knode, American tennis player (d. 2015) 1926 – Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentinian-Spanish footballer and coach (d. 2014) 1926 – Lake Underwood, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2008) 1927 – Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress and photographer 1927 – Neil Simon, American playwright and screenwriter (d. 2018) 1928 – Giampiero Boniperti, Italian footballer and politician 1928 – Teofisto Guingona Jr., Filipino politician; 11th Vice President of the Philippines 1928 – Jassem Alwan, Syrian Army Officer (d. 2018) 1928 – Shan Ratnam, Sri Lankan physician and academic (d. 2001) 1928 – Chuck Tanner, American baseball player and manager (d. 2011) 1929 – Ron Casey, Australian journalist and sportscaster 1929 – Al Davis, American football player, coach, and manager (d. 2011) 1929 – Bill Tuttle, American baseball player (d. 1998) 1930 – George Steinbrenner, American businessman (d. 2010) 1931 – Stephen Boyd, Northern Ireland-born American actor (d. 1977) 1931 – Rick Casares, American football player and soldier (d. 2013) 1931 – Sébastien Japrisot, French author, director, and screenwriter (d. 2003) 1931 – Peter Richardson, English cricketer (d. 2017) 1932 – Aurèle Vandendriessche, Belgian runner 1934 – Yvonne B. Miller, American academic and politician (d. 2012) 1934 – Colin Welland, English actor and screenwriter (d. 2015) 1935 – Paul Scoon, Grenadian politician, 2nd Governor-General of Grenada (d. 2013) 1936 – Zdzisława Donat, Polish soprano and actress 1937 – Thomas Nagel, American philosopher and academic 1937 – Queen Sonja of Norway 1937 – Richard Rhodes, American journalist and historian 1937 – Eric Walters, Australian journalist (d. 2010) 1938 – Steven Rose, English biologist and academic 1938 – Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2020) 1940 – Pat Stapleton, Canadian ice hockey player 1941 – Sam Farr, American politician 1941 – Tomaž Šalamun, Croatian-Slovenian poet and academic (d. 2014) 1941 – Pavel Sedláček, Czech singer-songwriter and guitarist 1941 – Brian Willson, American soldier, lawyer, and activist 1942 – Hal Lanier, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1942 – Floyd Little, American football player and coach 1942 – Stefan Meller, French-Polish academic and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2008) 1942 – Prince Michael of Kent 1942 – Peter Rowan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1943 – Conny Bauer, German trombonist 1943 – Emerson Boozer, American football player and sportscaster 1943 – Adam Hart-Davis, English historian, author, and photographer 1943 – Geraldo Rivera, American lawyer, journalist, and author 1943 – Alan Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970) 1945 – Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (d. 1972) 1946 – Ron Kovic, American author and activist 1946 – Michael Milken, American businessman and philanthropist 1947 – Lembit Ulfsak, Estonian actor and director (d. 2017) 1948 – René Arnoux, French race car driver 1948 – Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer and actor 1948 – Jeremy Spencer, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1950 – Philip Craven, English basketball player and swimmer 1950 – David Jensen, Canadian-English radio and television host 1951 – John Alexander, Australian tennis player and politician 1951 – Ralph Johnson, American R&B drummer and percussionist 1951 – Vladimir Tismăneanu, Romanian-American political scientist, sociologist, and academic 1951 – Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American lawyer and politician, 6th Lieutenant Governor of Maryland 1952 – Álvaro Uribe, Colombian lawyer and politician, 39th President of Colombia 1952 – Carol MacReady, English actress 1952 – John Waite, English singer-songwriter and guitarist 1952 – Paul Rogat Loeb, American author and activist 1953 – Francis Maude, English lawyer and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office 1954 – Jim Beattie, American baseball player, coach, and manager 1954 – Morganna, American model, actress, and dancer 1954 – Devendra Kumar Joshi, 21st Chief of Naval Staff of the Indian Navy 1955 – Kevin Nichols, Australian cyclist 1956 – Robert Sinclair MacKay, British academic and educator 1957 – Rein Lang, Estonian politician and diplomat, 25th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs 1958 – Vera Leth, Greenlandic Ombudsman 1958 – Kirk Pengilly, Australian guitarist, saxophonist, and songwriter 1958 – Carl Valentine, English-Canadian footballer, coach, and manager 1959 – Victoria Abril, Spanish actress and singer 1960 – Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian race car driver (d. 1994) 1961 – Richard Garriott, English-American video game designer, created the Ultima series 1962 – Pam Shriver, American tennis player and sportscaster 1963 – Henri Leconte, French tennis player and sportscaster 1963 – Laureano Márquez, Spanish-Venezuelan political scientist and journalist 1963 – José Oquendo, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach 1963 – Sonia Pierre, Hatian-Dominican human rights activist (d. 2011) 1964 – Cle Kooiman, American soccer player and manager 1964 – Elie Saab, Lebanese fashion designer 1964 – Edi Rama, Albanian politician 1964 – Mark Slaughter, American singer-songwriter and producer 1964 – Mark Whiting, American actor, director, and screenwriter 1965 – Harvey Grant, American basketball player and coach 1965 – Horace Grant, American basketball player and coach 1965 – Kiriakos Karataidis, Greek footballer and manager 1965 – Gérard Watkins, English actor and playwright 1966 – Minas Hantzidis, German-Greek footballer 1966 – Lee Reherman, American actor (d. 2016) 1967 – Vinny Castilla, Mexican baseball player and manager 1967 – Sébastien Deleigne, French athlete 1968 – Ronni Ancona, Scottish actress and screenwriter 1969 – Al Golden, American football player and coach 1969 – Todd Marinovich, American football player and coach 1969 – Wilfred Mugeyi, Zimbabwean footballer and coach 1972 – Stephen Giles, Canadian canoe racer and engineer 1972 – Mike Knuble, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach 1973 – Keiko Ihara, Japanese race car driver 1973 – Gackt, Japanese musician, singer, songwriter, record producer and actor 1973 – Michael Johnson, English-Jamaican footballer and manager 1973 – Anjelika Krylova, Russian ice dancer and coach 1973 – Jan Magnussen, Danish race car driver 1973 – Tony Popovic, Australian footballer and manager 1974 – Jill Craybas, American tennis player 1974 – La'Roi Glover, American football player and sportscaster 1974 – Adrian Griffin, American basketball player and coach 1976 – Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003) 1976 – Yevgeniya Medvedeva, Russian skier 1978 – Marcos Daniel, Brazilian tennis player 1978 – Émile Mpenza, Belgian footballer 1979 – Siim Kabrits, Estonian politician 1979 – Josh McCown, American football player 1979 – Renny Vega, Venezuelan footballer 1980 – Kwame Steede, Bermudan footballer 1981 – Dedé, Angolan footballer 1981 – Brock Berlin, American football player 1981 – Christoph Preuß, German footballer 1981 – Francisco Cruceta, Dominican baseball player 1981 – Will Smith, American football player (d. 2016) 1982 – Vladimir Boisa, Georgian basketball player 1982 – Vladimir Gusev, Russian cyclist 1982 – Jeff Lima, New Zealand rugby league player 1982 – Michael "The Situation" Sorrentino, American model, author and television personality 1983 – Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer-songwriter 1983 – Amantle Montsho, Botswanan sprinter 1983 – Miguel Pinto, Chilean footballer 1983 – Amol Rajan, Indian-English journalist 1983 – Mattia Serafini, Italian footballer 1984 – Jin Akanishi, Japanese singer-songwriter 1984 – Miguel Santos Soares, Timorese footballer 1985 – Kane Tenace, Australian footballer 1985 – Dimitrios Mavroeidis, Greek basketball player 1985 – Wason Rentería, Colombian footballer 1986 – Ömer Aşık, Turkish basketball player 1986 – Nguyen Ngoc Duy, Vietnamese footballer 1986 – Rafael Arévalo, Salvadoran tennis player 1986 – Willem Janssen, Dutch footballer 1986 – Terrance Knighton, American football player 1986 – Marte Elden, Norwegian skier 1987 – Wude Ayalew, Ethiopian runner 1987 – Guram Kashia, Georgian footballer 1988 – Angelique Boyer, French-Mexican actress 1989 – Benjamin Büchel, Liechtenstein footballer 1990 – Jake Gardiner, American ice hockey player 1990 – Richard Mpong, Ghanaian footballer 1990 – Naoki Yamada, Japanese footballer 1990 – Ihar Yasinski, Belarusian footballer 1992 – Ángel Romero, Paraguayan footballer 1992 – Óscar Romero, Paraguayan footballer 1993 – Tom Barkhuizen, English footballer 1995 – Post Malone, American singer, rapper, songwriter and record producer 1999 – Moa Kikuchi, Japanese musician 2003 – Polina Bogusevich, Russian singer Deaths 673 – Ecgberht, king of Kent 907 – Luitpold, margrave of Bavaria 907 – Dietmar I, archbishop of Salzburg 910 – Luo Shaowei, Chinese warlord (b. 877) 940 – Wang Jianli, Chinese general (b. 871) 943 – Taejo of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 877) 945 – Zhuo Yanming, Chinese Buddhist monk and emperor 965 – Benedict V, pope of the Catholic Church 973 – Ulrich of Augsburg, German bishop and saint (b. 890) 975 – Gwangjong of Goryeo, Korean king (b. 925) 1187 – Raynald of Châtillon, French knight (b. 1125) 1307 – Rudolf I of Bohemia (b. 1281) 1336 – Saint Elizabeth of Portugal (b. 1271) 1429 – Carlo I Tocco, ruler of Epirus (b. 1372) 1533 – John Frith, English priest, writer, and martyr (b. 1503) 1541 – Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish general and explorer (b. 1495) 1546 – Hayreddin Barbarossa, Ottoman admiral (b. 1478) 1551 – Gregory Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell, English politician (b. 1514) 1603 – Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer and educator (b. 1521) 1623 – William Byrd, English composer (b. c. 1540) 1644 – Brian Twyne, English academic, antiquarian and archivist (b. 1581) 1648 – Antoine Daniel, French missionary and saint (b. 1601) 1742 – Luigi Guido Grandi, Italian monk, mathematician, and engineer (b. 1671) 1754 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright and author (b. 1680) 1761 – Samuel Richardson, English author and painter (b. 1689) 1780 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine (b. 1712) 1787 – Charles, Prince of Soubise, Marshal of France (b. 1715) 1821 – Richard Cosway, English painter and academic (b. 1742) 1826 – John Adams, American lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735) 1826 – Thomas Jefferson, American architect, lawyer, and politician, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743) 1831 – James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758) 1848 – François-René de Chateaubriand, French historian and politician (b. 1768) 1850 – William Kirby, English entomologist and author (b. 1759) 1854 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German academic and jurist (b. 1781) 1857 – William L. Marcy, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 21st United States Secretary of State (b. 1786) 1881 – Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish philosopher and politician (b. 1806) 1882 – Joseph Brackett, American composer and author (b. 1797) 1886 – Poundmaker, Canadian tribal chief (b. 1797) 1891 – Hannibal Hamlin, American lawyer and politician, 15th Vice President of the United States (b. 1809) 1901 – Johannes Schmidt, German linguist and academic (b. 1843) 1902 – Vivekananda, Indian monk and saint (b. 1863) 1905 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and author (b. 1830) 1910 – Melville Fuller, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833) 1910 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (b. 1835) 1916 – Alan Seeger, American soldier and poet (b. 1888) 1922 – Lothar von Richthofen, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1894) 1926 – Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian activist and saint (b. 1901) 1934 – Marie Curie, French-Polish physicist and chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867) 1938 – Otto Bauer, Austrian philosopher and politician, Austrian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1881) 1938 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899) 1941 – Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1881) 1943 – Władysław Sikorski, Polish general and politician, 9th Prime Minister of the Second Republic of Poland (b. 1881) 1946 – Taffy O'Callaghan, Welsh footballer and coach (b. 1906) 1948 – Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian journalist and author (b. 1882) 1949 – François Brandt, Dutch rower and engineer (b. 1874) 1963 – Bernard Freyberg, 1st Baron Freyberg, New Zealand general and politician, 7th Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889) 1963 – Clyde Kennard, American activist and martyr (b. 1927) 1963 – Pingali Venkayya, Indian activist, designed the Flag of India (b. 1876) 1964 – Gaby Morlay, French actress and singer (b. 1893) 1969 – Henri Decoin, French director and screenwriter (b. 1890) 1970 – Barnett Newman, American painter and illustrator (b. 1905) 1970 – Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, American sailor and businessman (b. 1884) 1971 – August Derleth, American anthologist and author (b. 1909) 1971 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (b. 1877) 1974 – Georgette Heyer, English author (b. 1902) 1974 – André Randall, French actor (b. 1892) 1976 – Yonatan Netanyahu, Israeli colonel (b. 1946) 1976 – Antoni Słonimski, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1895) 1977 – Gersh Budker, Ukrainian physicist and academic (b. 1918) 1979 – Lee Wai Tong, Chinese footballer and manager (b. 1905) 1980 – Maurice Grevisse, Belgian linguist and author (b. 1895) 1984 – Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949) 1986 – Paul-Gilbert Langevin, French musicologist, critique musical and physicist (b. 1933) 1986 – Flor Peeters, Belgian organist and composer (b. 1903) 1986 – Oscar Zariski, Belarusian-American mathematician and academic (b. 1899) 1988 – Adrian Adonis, American wrestler (b. 1954) 1990 – Olive Ann Burns, American journalist and author (b. 1924) 1991 – Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon and physician (b. 1936) 1991 – Art Sansom, American cartoonist (b. 1920) 1992 – Astor Piazzolla, Argentinian bandoneon player and composer (b. 1921) 1993 – Bona Arsenault, Canadian historian, genealogist, and politician (b. 1903) 1994 – Joey Marella, American wrestling referee (b. 1964) 1995 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian-American actress and singer (b. 1919) 1995 – Bob Ross, American painter and television host (b. 1942) 1997 – Charles Kuralt, American journalist (b. 1934) 1997 – John Zachary Young, English zoologist and neurophysiologist (b. 1907) 1999 – Leo Garel, American illustrator and educator (b. 1917) 2000 – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1919) 2002 – Gerald Bales, Canadian organist and composer (b. 1919) 2002 – Benjamin O. Davis, Jr., American general (b. 1912) 2003 – Larry Burkett, American author and radio host (b. 1939) 2003 – André Claveau, French singer (b. 1915) 2003 – Barry White, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1944) 2004 – Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss violinist and conductor (b. 1920) 2005 – Cliff Goupille, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1915) 2005 – Hank Stram, American football player and coach (b. 1923) 2007 – Bill Pinkney, American singer (b. 1925) 2008 – Thomas M. Disch, American author and poet (b. 1940) 2008 – Jesse Helms, American politician (b. 1921) 2008 – Evelyn Keyes, American actress (b. 1916) 2008 – Terrence Kiel, American football player (b. 1980) 2008 – Charles Wheeler, German-English soldier and journalist (b. 1923) 2009 – Brenda Joyce, American actress (b. 1917) 2009 – Allen Klein, American businessman and talent agent, founded ABKCO Records (b. 1931) 2009 – Drake Levin, American guitarist (b. 1946) 2009 – Steve McNair, American football player (b. 1973) 2009 – Lasse Strömstedt, Swedish author and actor (b. 1935) 2009 – Jean-Baptiste Tati Loutard, Congolese poet and politician (b. 1938) 2010 – Robert Neil Butler, American physician and author (b. 1927) 2012 – Hiren Bhattacharyya, Indian poet and author (b. 1932) 2012 – Jimmy Bivins, American boxer (b. 1919) 2012 – Jeong Min-hyeong, South Korean footballer (b. 1987) 2012 – Eric Sykes, English actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923) 2013 – Onllwyn Brace, Welsh rugby player and sportscaster (b. 1932) 2013 – Jack Crompton, English footballer and manager (b. 1921) 2013 – James Fulton, American dermatologist and academic (b. 1940) 2013 – Charles A. Hines, American general (b. 1935) 2013 – Bernie Nolan, Irish singer (b. 1960) 2014 – Giorgio Faletti, Italian author, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1950) 2014 – C. J. Henderson, American author and critic (b. 1951) 2014 – Earl Robinson, American baseball player (b. 1936) 2014 – Richard Mellon Scaife, American businessman (b. 1932) 2015 – Nedelcho Beronov, Bulgarian judge and politician (b. 1928) 2015 – William Conrad Gibbons, American historian, author, and academic (b. 1926) 2016 – Abbas Kiarostami, Iranian film director, screenwriter, poet, and photographer (b. 1940) 2017 – John Blackwell, American R&B, funk, and jazz drummer (b. 1973) 2017 – Daniil Granin, Soviet and Russian author (b. 1919) 2018 – Henri Dirickx, Belgian footballer (b. 1927) 2018 – Robby Müller, Dutch cinematographer (b. 1940) Holidays and observances Christian feast day: Andrew of Crete Bertha of Artois Blessed Catherine Jarrige Blessed Pier Giorgio Frassati Elizabeth of Aragon (or of Portugal) Oda of Canterbury Ulrich of Augsburg July 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) Birthday of Queen Sonja (Norway) The first evening of Dree Festival, celebrated until July 7 (Apatani people, Arunachal Pradesh, India) Independence Day, celebrates the Declaration of Independence of the United States from Great Britain in 1776. (United States and its dependencies) Liberation Day (Northern Mariana Islands) Liberation Day (Rwanda) Republic Day (Philippines) References External links BBC: On This Day On This Day in Canada Category:Days of the year Category:July

Hina Pervaiz Butt

Hina Pervaiz Butt (; born 19 January 1982) is a Pakistani politician who was a Member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab, since May 2013. Early life and education Hina was born on 19 January 1982 in Lahore. She received her initial education from Convent of Jesus and Mary, Lahore. She earned the degrees of Bachelor of Science (Hons) in 2004 and received the degree of Master of Business Administration in 2010 from Lahore University of Management Sciences. In 2016, she earned Master of Arts in International Relations from Middlesex University campus in Dubai. Hina has to her credit the esteemed achievement of being selected at the Harvard Kennedy School Education Module, ‘Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st century’, Cambridge, USA. To her credit, she is one of the most recognized Young Global Leaders and has participated regularly at the World Economic Forum Summits as well as the YGL Summits. She has recently been honored with certification from Oxford University on "Transformational Leadership: Leadership on the Edges". Her participation at the YGL "Annual Meeting of New Champions has also been exemplary. She also represents Pakistan in Asia Pacific Summit 2019-Cambodia. Political career She was selected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) on a reserved seat for women in 2013 Pakistani general election. She was re-selected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-N on a reserved seat for women in 2018. Her political career has been an impressive one being elected as a member of the provincial assembly, Punjab in the 2013 general elections, 2018 being her second term in office. This period comes with landmark bills and resolutions presented by Ms. Hina Butt. Some significant ones out of 17 include ‘The Punjab Prohibition of Hate Speech", "Reforms in the Admission Policy for Students Belonging to the Minority Community, " The Punjab Right of Children to Free & Compulsory Education Bill 2014", "The Domestic Workers Employment Right Bill 2014", "The Punjab Criminal Law (Protection of Minorities) Bill 2017, "Child Marriage Prohibition Bill 2013", " Punjab Home Based Workers Bill 2016", "The Punjab Domestic Workers Employment Rights Bill 2016". To her credit also is the new landmark bill for which she has put in immense efforts is the ‘Punjab Maternity Benefits’ which is a first of its kind discussion in the provincial assembly. Her commitment and passion has specifically driven towards activism through legislation for human rights and supporting civil society in its implementation and action, the most debated being legislation against forced conversions. She has rendered her services as the General Secretary of First Women Parliamentary Caucus of Punjab, Pakistan (2015- 2016) and currently serving as the Women Health Representative of the Women Caucus. She also holds an important charge as the General Secretary of the Youth Caucus for the effective of implementation of Youth Rights, highlighting issues pertaining to the youth in the assembly. She is closely working with civil society and NGOs on issues of minority and women rights including a task force for the formation of minority commission, which is required for implementation of minority rights. See also 2018 Pakistani general election References Category:Living people Category:Punjab MPAs 2013–2018 Category:Women members of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab Category:1982 births Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MPAs (Punjab) Category:Convent of Jesus and Mary, Lahore alumni Category:Lahore University of Management Sciences alumni Category:Pakistani people of Kashmiri descent

Matara, Eritrea

Matara or Metera is a small town and important archeological site located in the Debub Region of Eritrea. Situated a few kilometers south of Senafe, it was a major city in the Dʿmt and Aksumite kingdoms. Since Eritrean independence, the National Museum of Eritrea has petitioned the Ethiopian government to return artifacts removed from the site. However, the efforts have thus far been rebuffed. History Matara is the name of both a small village and an important archaeological site in Eritrea. The latter is located some 136 kilometers southeast of the capital Asmara, just past Senafe on the road leading south to the border with the northern Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The archaeological site already has yielded evidence of several levels of habitation, including at least two different major cities, covering more than 1000 years. The topmost layers are associated with the Aksumite Empire and date from the fourth to the eighth centuries. This city was allied with or part of the powerful trading empire centered in the capital, Aksum, to the southwest. It appears that Matara was one of a string of cities along the trade route that ran from Aksum to its port city, Adulis, whose extensive ruins, surveyed but largely unexcavated, are in the vicinity of Zula, southeast of Massawa on the Red Sea coast. Keskese is located north of Matara. Hawulti, a pre-Aksumite or early Aksumite era obelisk, is situated here. See also Adulis Keskese Nakfa Qohaito Sembel References External links Matara Category:Aksumite cities Category:Archaeological sites in Eritrea Category:Southern Region (Eritrea) Category:Former populated places in Eritrea

Parallel adoption

Parallel adoption is a method for transferring between a previous (IT) system to a target (IT) system in an organization. In order to reduce risk, the old and new system run simultaneously for some period of time after which, if the criteria for the new system are met, the old system is disabled. The process requires careful planning and control and a significant investment in labor hours. Overview This entry focuses on the generic process of parallel adoption; (real-world) examples are used for a more meaningful interpretation of the process if necessary. Moreover a process-data model is used for visualizing the process which is intended to provide a complete overview of all the steps involved in the parallel adoption, but emphasis will be laid on the unique characteristics of parallel adoption. Some common characteristics, especially defining an implementation strategy, that go for all four generic kinds of adoption are described in Adoption (software implementation). Other kinds of adoption Besides parallel adoption, three other generic kinds of adoption can be identified. The choice for a specific adoption method depends on the organizational characteristics; more insight on this topic will be provided below. The three other adoption methods are: Product Software Adoption: Big Bang Adoption (Also known as Direct Conversion, slam dunk, or cold-turkey strategy), Phased adoption and Pilot adoption. Product Software Adoption: Big Bang Adoption/Plunge Adoption: A big-bang adoption entails transferring the entire organization from the old system to the new system in an instant changeover. This is the cheapest option but if the new System fails, the organization is in big trouble. It also opens risks for the system not to be accepted by its users. However, this may be the only approach to take when the two systems can not coexist or activating the new system is an emergency. Phased adoption (Also known as gradual conversion): In phased adoption implementation, the organization is gradually transferring to a new system in different phases, per module or sub-system. Some systems are incapable of being introduced in pieces as it is too reliant on the whole system. Using the phased adoption has less risks, but causes the most disruptions due to it taking the most time to transfer from the old system to the new. Pilot adoption: The pilot adoption method is used for large organizations that have multiple locations or largely independent departments. The new system is introduced in one of the locations or departments and extended to other locations or departments over time. (limited boundary if a new system is a failure) (Turban, 2002) There are several instances when parallel conversion can not be considered a viable conversion strategy. First consider if the new system contains significant schema changes. Data elements required by one system that are not being populated by the other can lead to at best data inaccuracies and at worst data corruption. Another concern is if the system relies on consumer off the shelf technology (COTS). If a COTS vendor's documentation states that more than one application can not share the same database, then parallel conversion is not an option. An example would be Oracle's Siebel products. Other COTS products may also place restrictions when patches or major upgrades require unique license keys. Once applied they may make database changes that might cause the application to falsely detect a parallel system running against the same database as an attempt at getting around licensing controls and thereby disable the system. Place in implementation process There seem to be little conventions regarding the process of parallel adoption. Several sources (e.g.: Turban, 2002, Eason, 1988, Rooijmans, 2003, Brown, 1999), do not use a single process-description name. The term parallel adoption is denoted in these sources, although consistent per source as: parallel conversion, parallel running, shadow-running, parallel cutover and parallel implementation. This appears to be the case because a generic description of the process does not need a distinct classification. There are a quite some standard implementation methods, where different adoption techniques are described but often in a practical context; real-world case scenario or a more comprehensive set of implementation techniques like Regatta: adoption method, SIM and PRINCE2. In general, parallel adoption can best be seen as a Systems Engineering method of implementation of a new system. In principle, the parallel adoption method is different from the decision to change a system in an organization and can be seen as one possible mean to achieve that goal. However, there are quite some factors that are being taken into account in determining the best implementation strategy. Moreover, a successful implementation can depend to a big extent on the adoption method. (Lee, 2004) The process The parallel adoption process can not be represented without paying attention to the steps before the actual conversion, namely the construction of a conversion scenario and the identification and testing of all the requirements. Therefore the process is explained by going through all the identified processes in figure 1, while addressing the common activities that are necessary for any of the identified conversion strategies briefly. Figure 1 gives an overview of the parallel adoption process. The left side depicts the flow of activities that contribute to the process. Activities that run simultaneously are preceded by a thick black line. When the parallel running of activities is over, the activities are joined again in a similar black line. When there is no arrow from an activity to another, this indicates that they are aggregates of a bigger activity above. The activities are divided in four main phases: Define implementation strategy, that deals with the kind of implementation strategy should be executed. Pre-implementation, which has to do with constructing a planning of all aspects and requirements involved in the implementation. Prepare organization The organization should be prepared properly according to the previous phase. Conversion deals with the actual conversion process and closing the conversion process; proceeding with the new system. The main phases are subdivided in other activities that will be described briefly in tables 1-1 to 1-4. The right side of the model describes the data involved in the processes. Some of these concepts, depicted as a pair of overlapping open rectangles, can be subdivided in more than one concept. A pair of overlapping closed rectangles indicate a closed concept which means that it can be subdivided in more concepts, but it is not of further interest for the parallel adoption process. The diamond shapes figure indicates that the concept linked to it, serves as an aggregate concept and that this concepts consists of the other concepts. Finally the open arrow represents a super class-subclass relation. The concept linked with the arrow is the super class of the concepts that are linked to it. This syntax in figure 1 is according to Unified Modeling Language (UML) standards. The concepts in figure 1 are defined in table 2. More context for these sub activities in the process will be given underneath the tables. The concepts from figure 1 are defined in table 2-1 below. Determining the parallel implementation strategy The parallel adoption is preceded with determining the implementation strategy, which is not unique for parallel adoption, but can be seen as part of the change management process that an organization enters. (Lee, 2004). Some factors involved in determining an implementation strategy regarding adoption methods is described more thoroughly in Adoption (software implementation). Risk versus costs The reason for an organization to choose for parallel adoption in favour of a pilot conversion, big bang or phased adoption is often a trade-off between costs and risk (Andersson, Hanson, 2003). Parallel adoption the most expensive adoption method (Chng, Vathanopas, 2002, Microsoft, 2004, Anderson et al., 2003), because it demands from the organization that two systems run parallel for a certain period. Running two systems simultaneously means that an investment in Human Resources has to be made. Besides a good preparation of the (extra) personnel, that has to go through a stressful period of parallel running where procedures cross each other. (Rooijmans, 2003, Eason, 1988) Efforts should be placed on data-consistency and preventing data corruption between the two systems. (Chng et al. 2002, Yusuf, 2004 ) Not only for the conversion process itself, but also in training them for handling the new system. When it is necessary for the new system to be implemented following a big bang approach, the risk of failure is high (Lee, 2004). When the organization demands heavily on the old (legacy) system to be changed, the trade-off between extra involved costs for a less risky parallel approach, should be in favour of those extra costs (Lee, 2004), despite this, we see that ERP adoption follows a big bang adoption in most cases (Microsoft, 2004, Yusuf, 2004). This means that an organization should think clearly about their implementation strategy and integrate this decision in their Risk management or Change management analysis. Developing an implementation script IT-requirements To prepare the organization properly a requirements analysis of both IT-requirements as well as organizational requirements is necessary. More information on requirements analysis and change management can be found elsewhere. For parallel adoption, the most important IT requirement (if applicable) is attention for running the two systems simultaneously. In the conversion phase there is a timeslot, where the old system is the leading system. In order to transfer the data from the old system in the catch-up period to the new system, there must be a transition module available (Microsoft, 2004). Other implementation methods do not directly have this requirement. More information about IT requirements can be found in Software Engineering. Organizational requirements Besides the IT-requirements, the organizational requirements require Human Resource Management issues like, the training of personnel, deal with a perhaps changing organizational structure, organic organisation or Mechanistic organisation characteristics of the organization (Daft, 1998) and most importantly: Top management support (Brown, Vessey, 1999). Brown et al. (1999) identify two distinct roles top management can initiate: the so-called sponsor and champion roles: “A project sponsor is responsible for budgetary support and ensuring that key business representatives play a role on the project team.” “The project champion may or may not be a formal member of the project team, but can play a key role in change management efforts” A parallel adoption process is very stressful and requires well prepared employees that can deal with mistakes that are being made, without conservatively eager to the old system. (Eason, 1988) Time planning It is very important to have a detailed plan of conducting the new system in an organization (Lee, 2004, Eason, 1988). The most important thing about time planning for a parallel conversion is not to rush things and not be afraid of possible delays in the actual conversion phase. (Lee, 2004). It can be very beneficial also to work with clearly defined milestones (Rooijmans, 2003), similar to the PRINCE2 method. More information on time planning can be found in Planning and Strategic planning. Preparing the organization Requirements evaluation The requirements evaluation involves redefining the implementation script. The IT and (if possible) organizational requirements that were made should be tested. Some tests can be run where the organizational responsibilities can be evaluated (Rooijmans, 2003) as well as the IT-requirements. Here it is also again important to have top-management support and involvement (Eason, 1988). If they do not make resources available to evaluate, the implementation can be unsuccessful as a direct consequence. After this evaluation the implementation script is redefined into a more explicit conversion scenario. Conversion scenario The conversion scenario thus consists of a blueprint for the organizational change in all aspects. However, there are two topics that did not yet get the attention they deserve in the parallel adoption scope. Workaround strategy / Rollback plan: Being distinct from the other adoption scenarios, also integrated in the conversion scenario is the workaround or contingency strategy with a rollback plan. The workaround strategy is defined in a broader scope in another entry, but in this context it indicates as defined in the above table: A backup plan; strategy taken on, in the conversion scenario to prevent errors in the conversion process and attempt to work around them, so that the implementation can still be successful. (Microsoft, 2004). The rollback plan, as being one possible workaround strategy, is initiated if something goes wrong in the conversion phase. Since the two systems run simultaneously, in a parallel adoption, the rollback plan indicates that the database or other system that handles the transactions should be fully retraceable in the legacy system (Microsoft, 2004). In fact the parallel adoption provides per definition this rollback plan due to its nature of a leading system and a (non-leading) backup system. Criteria indicators: Since the conversion scenario is a blueprint of executing the transfer of the two systems, is also entails quantifiable criteria. The redefined IT and organizational requirements are being transferred into measurable components. When the criteria are not being met in the test conversion, the workaround strategy should be deployed. Conversion The actual conversion phase is now in place. During this process, the organization is in a stressful period (Eason, 1988, Rooijmans, 2003). The two systems run parallel according to the conversion scenario and the new system is being monitored closely. When the criteria of the new system are met, the old system will cease being the leading system and the new system takes over. The catch ups that are part of the workaround strategy are the back ups of the old system and provide the means for reliability engineering and data recovery. There are two kinds of ways to make catch-ups: automatic catch ups and catch ups by hand. (Rooijmans, 2003). If applicable a remote backup service can be deployed as well. Control system Automatic catch ups: Catch ups that are being transferred by an automated system, created in the preparing the organization phase. This system automatically transfers the data or information to the new system when the conversion goes from the old leading system to the new leading system. The benefit of an automated system is that it is fast and accurate. The disadvantage is that is takes time to produce a transfer system in an earlier stage. Catch ups by hand: When the actual conversion entails only a small amount of time, or the complexity of information that should be transferred to the new system is small, an organization can choose to transfer the catch ups manually. The advantage of this procedure is that there is no need for a system (software program) to transfer the information and the possible problems that come with such kind of a transfer-program. The trade-off is accuracy and time. It takes a considerable amount of extra time, to transfer the catch ups manually and it is more vulnerable for small human errors (Rooijmans, 2003). Moreover, the additional investment in labour hours is high already; a manual catch up system places even more pressure on the personnel. Evaluation / Practical relevance There are several lessons that can be learned from case studies: The Nevada DMV system case, described by Lee (2004), learns that an implementation to a new process can also have a political implication. When the system that will be changed affects the general public and it is not only an internal system that is being changed, there are some more pressures that influence the organization. In this case, concepts as company image and reputation can drastically change if customers are faced with more delays in for example communication or ordering goods. It is suggested that if the system is politically sensitive, more attention should be paid to the conversion method and preferably parallel adoption is opted, since there is less risk involved. A series of lessons learned from a number of actual case scenario’s implementing a new portfolio system, performed by a business-consultancy firm (Venture, 2004) show some interesting lessons learned from the field. they seem to fit perfectly with the issues mentioned for a generic parallel adoption process, based on a combination of scientific work. To summarise: Risk assessment and contingency (workaround) planning is very important Assign project team roles Construct specific milestones (like PRINCE2) that include training and testing plans Identify potential risks and execute your contingency plan when necessary Communicate project status Changes should be appropriately authorized The conversion strategy needs to carefully examine the data requirements New and changed data should be tested against validation rules Construct a thorough rollback plan When possible, negotiate a pilot conversion There are also at least two difficulties with parallel conversion that may make its use impractical in the 21st century, though it was a staple of industry practice when inputs consisted of decks of punched cards or reels of tape. These are: 1. It is impractical to expect end users, be they customers, production line workers or nearly anyone else, to enter every transaction twice via different interfaces. 2. Timing differences between two multi-user interactive systems can properly produce different results even when both systems are operating correctly, are internally consistent, and could be used successfully by themselves. As a result, parallel conversion is restricted to a few specific situations today, such as accounting systems where absolute verifiability of results is mandatory, where users are all internal to the organization and understand this requirement, and where the order of activities cannot be allowed to affect the output. In practice, the pilot and phased conversion methods are more relevant today. See also Product Software Adoption: Big Bang Adoption Phased adoption Adoption (software implementation) Regatta: adoption method Change management Reliability engineering Rollback (data management) Risk management Software Engineering Implementation References Articles Andersson I. Hanson, K. (2003). Technology diffusion in a software organization, Licentiate Thesis in applied Information Technology, University of Goteborg Brown, C.V. & Vessey, I. (1999). ERP Implementation Approaches: Toward a Contingency Framework, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Information Systems, Charlotte, NC, December 13–15, 411-416. Chng, S., & Vathanophas V. (2002). Towards an Inter-Organizational Enterprise System: A Focus Group Study. The 6th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2002). Tokyo, Japan. September 2–4, 2002. Lee, O. (2004). A Case Study of Nevada DMV system, Journal of the Academy of Business and Economics, Volume 3 Ribbers, P. & Schoo, K.C. (2002). Designing Complex Software Implementation Programs, 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'02), Volume 8 Yusuf, Y. & Gunasekaran, A. & Abthorpe M.S. (2004). Enterprise systems project implementation: A case study of ERP in Rolls Royce. International Journal of Production Economics, 87, 251-266. Books Daft, R.L. (1998). Organizational theory and design. West: International Thomson Eason, K. (1988). "Chapter 9, Implementation and Support," in: Information Technology and Organizational Change. London: Taylor & Francis Turban, E. & Mclean, E. & Wetherbe J. (2002) “Chapter 14, Building information systems”, in: Information Technology for management. New York: John Wiley & Sons, inc Rooimans, R., Theye, M. de, & Koop, R. (2003). Regatta: ICT-implementaties als uitdaging voor een vier-met-stuurman. The Hague: Ten Hagen en Stam Uitgevers. External links Replatforming Line of business Applications from UNIX to Windows. (2004), version 1.0 Microsoft, Retrieved March 5, 2006 Implementing a portfolio accounting system: Lessons from the trenches (2004), Venture Financial Systems Group Ltd, Retrieved March 6, 2006 Category:Information systems

D52 road (Croatia)

D52 state road, located in Lika region of Croatia connecting cities and towns of Otočac and Korenica, to the state road network of Croatia, and to A1 motorway at Otočac interchange (via D50. The road is long. The D50 state road runs parallel to a section of the A1 motorway between Žuta Lokva and Sveti Rok interchanges, thus serving as an alternate or backup route for the motorway. The road, as well as all other state roads in Croatia, is managed and maintained by Hrvatske ceste, a state-owned company. Traffic volume Traffic is regularly counted and reported by Hrvatske ceste, operator of the road. Substantial variations between annual (AADT) and summer (ASDT) traffic volumes at some counting sites are attributed to the fact that the road connects to D1 and D50 which in turn provide connections to other major highways carrying tourist traffic. Road junctions and populated areas Sources D052 D052

Mary Thomas (politician)

Mary V. Thomas (April 29, 1944 – August 21, 2014) was an American Pima politician and activist. Thomas was the first woman to serve as the Governor of the Gila River Indian Community, an office she held from 1994 to 2000. She also served as Lieutenant Governor of Gila River Indian Community for two tenures: The first term from 1990 to 1994, prior to becoming governor, and a second term beginning in 2003. An active participant in tribal politics, Thomas was also an activist on issues of importance to Native American communities, including poverty, water rights, and casinos. Biography Early life Thomas, a member of the Pima people, was born Mary Smith in Phoenix, Arizona, on April 29, 1944. Her parents were Elwood Dennis and Elizabeth Smith. She was raised in Sacaton, Arizona, in an adobe home, which her father had constructed, which lacked electricity until she was a teen. In a 1998 interview with The Arizona Republic, Thomas recalled her early life without electricity or indoor plumbing, saying "It was a way of life...We accepted it." She attended both Phoenix College and Central Arizona College after high school. She then worked a variety of jobs after college, including mortuary assistant, bus driver and teacher's aide. She married her husband, George Thomas, in 1968. Political career Mary Thomas had previously served on the Gila River council during the 1980s. In 1990, Gila River Governor Thomas White asked her to run for Lieutenant Governor as his running mate. Both won election. In 1994, White declined to seek re-election and encouraged Lt. Governor Mary Thomas to run for governor. She won election and became the first woman to serve as Governor of the Gila River Indian Community. Thomas was a strong proponent of utilizing casino gaming as a tool to alleviate poverty and unemployment. The Gila River's first casino opened in 1994. Thomas soon appeared in a series of television commercials aimed at persuading Gila River members that profits from the casinos would be used to improve basic services and the quality of life. According to The Arizona Republic, Thomas soon became "known as the face of Indian casinos." In a speech given at the opening of the new casino in 1994, Thomas told attendees, "We don't have many of the simple things, like clean water and indoor plumbing, that many communities take for granted...Can you imagine having one fire engine for this whole reservation?" Under Governor Thomas, the Gila River Indian Community established its own, independent police and fire departments. She also oversaw plans to build a new hospital on the reservation. Her two terms were not without some political disputes. Thomas survived an effort to recall her from office in 1998. Thomas left office in 2000. She ran as a candidate for the Arizona House of Representatives in 2000, but lost the election. Thomas was frequently mentioned as a potential candidate for the United States House of Representatives within political circles in Arizona and Washington D.C. during the 2000s. However, she returned her focus back to the Gila River Indian Community and tribal issues. She was elected Lieutenant Governor of Gila River Indian Community in 2003 for her second, non-consecutive term in that office (She had previously served as Lt. Governor from 1990 to 1994). She unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Gila River Indian Community in 2011. The University of Arizona honored Thomas by adding her to the school's Women's Plaza of Honor in April 2012. Mary Thomas died from an undisclosed illness at Chandler Regional Medical Center in Chandler, Arizona, on August 21, 2014, at the age of 70. A widow, Thomas was a resident of Sacaton, Arizona. References External links Past Governors of the Gila River Indian Community Category:1944 births Category:2014 deaths Category:Governors of the Gila River Indian Community Category:Native American politicians Category:Native American activists Category:Native American women in politics Category:Women in Arizona politics Category:Pima people Category:People from Pinal County, Arizona

Palestinian Metawalis

Palestinian Metawalis are a Palestinian Shiite community. During the time of Mandatory Palestine, Palestinian Metawalis had seven villages wherein they constituted they majority. During the first census of the British protectorate, Palestinian Metawalis were one of eight religious demographic groups whom were categorized, and tensions existed regarding whether these people would be geopolitically united with their Shiite Arab counterparts in southern Lebanon. References Category:Palestinian people by religion

Michigan Mile And One-Eighth Handicap

The Michigan Mile And One-Eighth Handicap was an American Thoroughbred horse race run annually at the now defunct Detroit Race Course in Livonia, Michigan. A one time Grade II event raced on dirt, it was open to horses age three and older. In 1975, trainer S Kaye Bell became the first female in the United States to condition the winner of a $100,000 stakes race. Upsets include Stanislas defeating Tom Rolfe in 1966 and Nodouble in 1968 beating the reigning American Horse of the Year, Damascus. Past winners (partial) 1993 – Dignitas 1992 – Classic Seven 1991 – Black Tie Affair 1990 – Beau Genius 1989 – Present Value 1988 – Lost Code 1987 – Waquoit 1986 – Ends Well 1985 – Badwagon Harry 1984 – Timeless Native 1983 – Thumbsucker 1982 – Vodika Collins 1981 – Fio Roto 1980 – Glorious Song 1979 – Sensitive Prince 1978 – A Letter To Harry 1977 – My Juliet 1976 – Sharp Gary 1975 – Mr. Lucky Phoenix 1974 – Tom Tulle 1973 – Golden Don 1972 – King's Bishop 1971 – Native Royalty 1970 – Fast Hilarious 1969 – Calandrito 1968 – Nodouble (Martinez Heath) 1967 – Estreno 1966 – Stanislas 1965 – Old Hat 1964 – Going Abroad/Tibaldo (DH) 1963 – Crimson Satan 1962 – Beau Prince 1958 – Nearctic References Category:Horse races in Michigan Category:Graded stakes races in the United States Category:Discontinued horse races

You Rock My World

"You Rock My World" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson from his tenth and final studio album Invincible (2001) It was released as the lead single from the album on August 22, 2001 by Epic Records. "You Rock My World" peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was Jackson's last top ten song in the United States until "Love Never Felt So Good", which featured Justin Timberlake, peaked at number 9 in 2014. The track reached number one in France, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, and Spain. It also peaked within the top ten in Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance at the 44th Grammy Awards. As part of promotion for "You Rock My World", a music video was released. The video, which is thirteen and a half minutes long, was directed by Paul Hunter and features Chris Tucker and Marlon Brando. In the video, Jackson and Tucker portray men who are trying to gain a woman's affection. The video has been compared to Jackson's previous videos "Smooth Criminal" and "The Way You Make Me Feel". "You Rock My World" was performed only twice by Jackson; at Madison Square Garden in New York City at two concerts on September 7th and the 10th on 2001 to celebrate Jackson's career as a solo artist. Footage of the performance was shown in the two-hour CBS television special, Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration. Background "You Rock My World" was recorded by Michael Jackson for his studio album, Invincible (2001). The song was co-written and composed by Michael Jackson, Rodney Jerkins, Fred Jerkins III, LaShawn Daniels and Nora Payne and produced by Jackson and Jerkins. "You Rock My World" was officially released as the lead single from the album in mid-August 2001, by Epic Records. Prior to the single’s official release it had been leaked to two New York radio stations on Friday, August 17. Immediately after the songs radio airplay the radio stations had received "a herd of [radio] callers asking for more." "You Rock My World" was first played on the WJTM-FM station at 6 p.m., with WKTU-FM airing the song 45 minutes later. Both stations had played the single every two hours until around 6 p.m. Saturday, when Jackson's record label, Epic Records, called the program director for both stations, Frankie Blue, who was also a friend of Jackson, and asked him to stop. Blue later recalled, "They informed me of the dangers of playing a song too early." He refused to say how the song came into his possession. Composition "You Rock My World" is credited as being an uptempo post-disco and R&B song that has vibrating vocal harmonies. The song is played in the time signature of common time in the key E minor, with Jackson's vocal range spanning from the tonal nodes of E3 to Bb4. "You Rock My World" has a moderate tempo of 95 beats per minute. The chord progression in the song is Em7–C9-Bm7–Am7–D–Em7. The song's composition has been compared to Jackson's previous material with Quincy Jones from the 1970s and 1980s, as well as the disco-theme from Jackson's 1979 single, "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Chris Tucker voices the vocal introduction of the song while all the instruments heard on the track were played by Jackson and Rodney Jerkins. Lyrically, the song's lyrics are about being in love, as well as the effect that it can have, as evident in the opening line, "My life will never be the same, 'cause, girl, you came and changed the way I walk, the way I talk, I cannot explain". Critical reception Praise was mainly directed at the song's composition, while dissatisfaction towards the song was expressed by critics because they felt that the track was not Jackson's best material. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic listed "You Rock My World" as being a highlight for the Invincible album. Reviewer Andrew Hamilton, also of AllMusic, stated that, "If anybody other than Michael Jackson had released 'You Rock My World' with the tons of publicity and promotion it was accorded, it would have slam dunked the charts and been a multiple award winner. It sold well and got play everywhere, but too many critics panned the song and the album it came from as not being good enough for an artist on Jackson's level." Hamilton commented that people should "give Michael credit" because he was able to maintain a respectable career as a recording artist over the years of his later career. James Hunter of Rolling Stone praised the song's vocal rhythms as being "finely sculpted" and "exquisite". He noted that the song shows similarities to Jackson's previous material with Quincy Jones. Mark Beaumont, a writer for NME, described the song as being a "disco classic" and commented that he felt that the song's brief intro was "funnier than Chris Evans on fire". Catherine Halaby of Yale Daily News stated that the song "showcases the best of 'classic Michael'", and described the song as being "funky, catchy, upbeat, not too creepy". "You Rock My World" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Performance - Male at the 44th Grammy Awards, but it lost the award to James Taylor's "Don't Let Me Be Lonely Tonight". It was Jackson's first Grammy nomination since 1997, for his single "Earth Song", and his first nomination in that category since 1995. Chart performance "You Rock My World" was commercially successful, generally charting within the top ten positions on music charts worldwide. The song was one of Jackson's last hit singles in the United States in the final years of his career. "You Rock My World" charted within the top twenty positions on the Billboard Hot 100 on September 15, 2001. The following week, the song charted at its peak position, number ten. It became Jackson's highest charting single since his 1995 number-one single, "You Are Not Alone". "You Rock My World" also charted at number seven and thirteen on Billboards Pop chart and R&B/Hip-Hop Songs respectively. Notably, these chart positions were attained based on airplay alone, as no commercial single was issued in the United States. Fred Bronson, Billboard's chart expert at the time, remarked, "Certainly, if a commercial single had been available, it would have peaked higher - perhaps even at no.1". The song also charted within the top ten positions, peaking at number two, on the Canadian RPM Hot 100 chart. "You Rock My World" debuted on the United Kingdom Singles Chart at number two, which was its peak position in the country, on October 20. The song remained within the top twenty positions on the chart for four consecutive weeks, and remained within the top 100 positions for fifteen consecutive weeks from October 20, 2001, to January 26, 2002. "You Rock My World" debuted on the French Singles Chart on October 13, 2001, at the number one position. The song remained at the number one position on the chart for three consecutive weeks, and remained within the top twenty positions for ten consecutive weeks. The song debuted on the Dutch Singles Charts at number four on October 20, and the following week, charted at its peak position, number two. "You Rock My World" debuted on the Finnish Singles Chart on the forty first week of 2001, at its peak position, number two. After three weeks, the song fell off the charts. The song debuted at its peak position, number two, in Norway in the 42nd second week of 2001. The song remained on the chart for six consecutive weeks, charting within the top twenty positions. "You Rock My World" entered New Zealand charts on September 16, at number thirty one. After seven weeks, the song charted at its peak position, number thirteen, and remained on the chart for twelve weeks in 2001. "You Rock My World" debuted on the Australian Singles Chart at its peak position, number four. After the song charted within the top fifty positions for five consecutive weeks, it fell off the chart, and re-entered two weeks later at number thirty seven, and fell off the chart for the second time on January 6, 2002. "You Rock My World" debuted on the Italian Singles Chart on November 11, at its peak position number three, and remained within the top ten positions for four weeks in 2001. The song peaked at number two and four on the Belgium Flanders and Walonia charts in 2001. On the Austrian Singles Chart, the song debuted at its peak position, number nine, on October 21, and it remained on the chart for a total of eight weeks. After Jackson's death in June 2009, "You Rock My World" re-entered music charts worldwide and re-entered Billboard charts for the first time in almost eight years. The song also peaked at number sixty two on Billboards Digital Songs chart on July 11, 2009. The song re-entered the United Kingdom Singles Chart on July 4, charting at number ninety-seven. The following week the song charted at its peak position, number sixty, and charted out of the top 100 positions after spending three weeks on the chart. "You Rock My World" re-entered the Australian Singles Chart for the third time on July 19, at number fifty. The song remained on the chart for only one week. Promotion In late August 2001, Jackson and Sony Music began a promotional campaign for "You Rock My World". As part of promotion for the single, as well as the album, Jackson made a public appearance by celebrating his 43rd birthday—one day late—by presiding over the NASDAQ market opening ceremony in Times Square on Thursday morning, on August 30, 2001. Jackson only performed "You Rock My World" twice. The only performances of "You Rock My World" was during two concerts in early September 2001, which was to celebrate Jackson's 30th year as solo artist, at Madison Square Garden. Tucker, who is part of the song's dialogue and video, was part of the live performance. Footage of the second concert on September 10 was shown in a two-hour television special, titled Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration, which was aired on CBS in November of the same year. Music video The music video for "You Rock My World" was directed by Paul Hunter, and was released in 2001. The video, which is over thirteen minutes long, was described as being a short film. The dance performed during the video consists of fragments from the canceled "Dangerous" music video. The video consists of Jackson's and Tucker's characters trying to gain the affection of a woman (Kishaya Dudley) by subsequently following her around the neighborhood. Ultimately, a fight breaks out between Jackson and the gang members in a bar, who are ordered by their leader (Michael Madsen) to get rid of Jackson. Jackson, who had begun to perform before the woman, walks up the stage where his backup dancers have arrived. The gang leader causes a disruption by smashing a bottle across the counter, and proceeds to taunt Jackson, challenging him. A dance break begins, as a man lights his lighter and one of the gang members uses a knife on Jackson, but Jackson tosses him down. Jackson then punches the leader in the face, who knocks over a lamp, starting a fire. As the fire spreads, Jackson screams for Tucker, who had been dancing to the song, and he knocks out some of the gang members. During the escape, the woman who met Jackson approaches him outside the bar. The two share a kiss, and Tucker quickly rolls in with a low rider, signaling for Jackson and his new lover to escape, leaving the bar which is consumed in flames. The video for "You Rock My World" was thought to be the last music video to feature any participation from Jackson before the video for "One More Chance" was unearthed (his following videos would consist of archive footage of himself and others). The video has been compared to Jackson's previous 1980s music videos for his singles, "Smooth Criminal" (1987), "Bad" (1987), and "The Way You Make Me Feel" (1987), all from his 1987 studio album, Bad. In the video, Jackson can be seen wearing a blazer and his traditional hat. The video features appearances from Marlon Brando, Michael Madsen and Billy Drago. The video won an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video at the award show’s 2002 ceremony. In several instances in the video, Tucker's character makes several references to previous songs by Michael Jackson, such as "Beat It", "P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)", "The Girl Is Mine", "Bad" ,"Dangerous", and "Billie Jean". The short version of the music video appears on Number Ones, and the long version appears on Michael Jackson's Vision. Live performances "You Rock My World" was performed twice live during the 30th anniversary concerts, which took place in late 2001. In the second concert, he was joined by Usher and Chris Tucker at the end, who danced with him. It was the only full song from Invincible that Jackson had performed live. The song was set to be performed in his This Is It concerts on certain days replacing "The Way You Make Me Feel". Track listing Personnel Written and composed by Michael Jackson, Darkchild. Produced and all musical instruments performed by Michael Jackson and Rodney Jerkins Lead and background vocals by Michael Jackson Intro by Chris Tucker and Michael Jackson Recorded by Brad Gilderman, Rodney Jerkins, Jean-Marie Horvat, Dexter Simmons and Stuart Brawley Digital editing by Harvey Mason, Jr. and Stuart Brawley Mixed by Bruce Swedien, Lyndell Fraser, and Rodney Jerkins Starring Michael Jackson, Chris Tucker, Marlon Brando, Michael Madsen, Billy Drago, introducing Kishaya Dudley. Directed by Paul Hunter Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications See also List of Romanian Top 100 number ones of the 2000s References Bibliography External links The music video for "You Rock My World" at YouTube.com Category:2001 singles Category:2001 songs Category:Michael Jackson songs Category:Songs written by Michael Jackson Category:Song recordings produced by Michael Jackson Category:Music videos directed by Paul Hunter (director) Category:Songs written by Rodney Jerkins Category:Songs written by Fred Jerkins III Category:Songs written by LaShawn Daniels Category:Song recordings produced by Rodney Jerkins Category:Marlon Brando Category:SNEP Top Singles number-one singles Category:Number-one singles in Portugal Category:Number-one singles in Poland Category:Number-one singles in Spain Category:Number-one singles in Romania

Jean-Louis de Biasi

Jean-Louis de Biasi is a published author, lecturer, and spiritual teacher. Career De Biasi was born in Castillonnès (France) in 1959. He holds a master's degree in philosophy (University of Bordeaux). The title of his thesis was "Morals and Religion in the work of Nietzsche". He taught philosophy in France as a teacher for over 15 years, and also successfully graduated in Hebrew. He has been trained in Gestalt therapy with certification from the Institut Francais de Gestalt-Therapie (French Institute of Gestalt Therapy). For several years, he also practiced oneirology and hypnotherapy. From the 70's to the 90’s he practiced intensively pranayama, yoga nidra (a kind of relaxation associated with visualization), creative visualization along with the development of astral perception. He began to taught these sciences and was invited to several radio shows on these subjects. Hypnotism was also part of his initial training of this time. Deepening his practice, he spend time to master creative visualization. He is a specialist in Ancient Mediterranean religions, classical philosophy, Freemasonry, and rituals in the Western Tradition. Various initiatic degrees, considered some of the highest in Western Esotericism, have been conferred upon him. With regard to Freemasonry, he is a Master Mason and Past Master belonging at present to the Grand Lodge F.A.A.M. of the State of Nevada (U.S.A.). He also received the 32° of the American Scottish Rite in Washington, D.C., and was initiated into Royal Arch Masonry in Canada. During the time he lived in France and prior to joining American Freemasonry, the entirety of the Egyptian Freemasonry degrees (33°-95°) as well as other related degrees were received by him. Beginning in 1999 and over the course of the next few years, he reawakened, founded, and organized within the Grand Orient de France (the largest Masonic organization in France) the Egyptian system of Memphis-Misraim according to the American degrees organized by John Yarker. It was also during 1999 that the Grand Orient de France asked him to create a scientific publication which was called Arcana. He was nominated Grand Chancellor in 2002 and Grand Orator in 2003. In 1997, Jean-Louis de Biasi founded La Parole Circule (Spread the Word), the first-ever online magazine of international scope devoted to Freemasonry and restricted to Freemasons. This magazine was published until 2008. He was also one of the founders of the online community of Fraternelle des Internautes Francophones, the first French Masonic one to be established. As a published author, Jean-Louis de Biasi has written in French about the fields of Freemasonry, ancient religions, and rituals. He was published by Grancher Publications (Editions Grancher). His writings in English have been and continue to be published by Llewellyn Publications. Several of his books have been translated into various languages such as French, Portuguese, Spanish, Russian, and Dutch. As a published author, he is a member of the National Writers Union and the International Federation of Journalists. With Patricia, his wife, he is writings new books published by Llewellyn Publications. Published works Books Excerpts from his bibliography (books and their foreign editions): ABC de l'Aura (ABC of the Aura), Grancher, Paris, 1997 & 2000. Le martinisme (Martinism), Sepp, Paris, 1997. (Spanish Edition: Manakel Publications, Madrid, SP.) Les rites maçonniques égyptiens en franc-maçonnerie (The Egyptian Rituals in Freemasonry), Edimaf, Paris, 2001. ABC de magie naturelle (ABC of Natural Magic), Grancher, Paris, 2000. L'énergie du Tarot (The Energy of the Tarot), Grancher, Paris, 2004. ABC de spiritualité maçonnique (ABC of Freemasonic Spirituality), Grancher, Paris, 2006. ABC de kabbale chrétienne (ABC of Christian Kabbalah), Grancher, Paris, 2008. (Portuguese Edition: Madras Publications, Brazil) ABC de l'ésotérisme maçonnique (ABC of Esoteric Freemasonry), Grancher, Paris, 2009. ABC de la Magie sacrée (ABC of Sacred Magic), Grancher, Paris, 2010. (Portuguese Edition: Academia Platonica, Las Vegas.) Secrets and Practices of the Freemasons, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2010. (Portuguese Editions: Europa-America Publications, Portugal & Agora Hermetica Publications, Fortaleza, BR, 2012. Dutch Edition: AnkhHermes Publications, Utrecht, 2012.) The Divine Arcana of the Aurum Solis, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2011. (Portuguese Edition: Agora Hermetica Publications, Fortaleza, BR, 2012.) Livres sacrés hermétistes (The Hermetic Sacred Books), Academia Platonica Publications, Las Vegas, 2012. Currently published by Theurgia. Luz sobre a Iniciaçao (Light upon Initiation), Madras Publications, São Paulo, BR, 2012. Harmonizaçoes astrologicas (Astrologic Harmonizations), Agora Hermetica Publications, Fortaleza, BR, 2012. Rediscover the Magick of the Gods and Goddesses, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2014. The Magical Use of Prayer Beads, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2016. Hidden Mandala Coloring Book, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2017. Esoteric Freemasonry, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, 2018. Mysteries of the Aura, Llewellyn Publications, Woodbury, MN, (Forthcoming). CDs Initiation à la relaxation (Relaxation), Academia Platonica, 2004. Currently published by Theurgia. Cagliostro et l’oracle de la colombe (Cagliostro), Academia Platonica, 2004. Currently published by Theurgia. Enochian Sounds, Academia Platonica, 2005. Currently published by Theurgia. Les rites maçonniques (Masonic Rituals), Academia Platonica, 2005. Currently published by Theurgia. L'Ordre Kabbalistique de la Rose-Croix et l'hermétisme (Hermetism and the Rose-Cross), Academia Platonica, 2006. Currently published by Theurgia. Cours de Tarot (Tarot Courses), Academia Platonica, 2010. Currently published by Theurgia. Art The Aurum Solis Tarot Deck and Booklet, Academia Platonica, 2011. Currently published by Theurgia. References External links American Philosophical Association International Federation of Journalists National Philosophical Counseling Association National Writers Union Category:French Freemasons Category:French occultists Category:French occult writers Category:Hermeticists Category:Living people Category:1959 births Category:20th-century occultists Category:21st-century occultists Category:20th-century French philosophers Category:21st-century French philosophers

2018–19 Southern Football League

The 2018–19 season is the 116th in the history of the Southern League since its establishment in 1894. The league (known as Evo-Stik League Southern, following a sponsorship deal with Evo-Stik) has two Premier divisions (Central and South) at step 3 of the National League System (NLS) and two Division One divisions (Central and South) at step 4 of the NLS. This is the first season to consist of four divisions in the league, following a shakeup of the Southern, Isthmian, and Northern Premier Leagues divisions by geographical region. The Southern League was chosen to create a new division at Step 3; the 21 clubs remaining from the Premier Division the previous season were split into two new Premier divisions; Central and South. The league constitution was announced in May 2018. Premier Division Central Team changes The Premier Division Central at step 3 of the NLS featured ten clubs from the previous season Premier Division and 12 new clubs: Promoted from the East Division AFC Rushden & Diamonds Promoted from the Northern Premier League Division One South Alvechurch Bedworth United Relegated from the National League North Tamworth Transferred from the Isthmian League Premier Division Leiston Lowestoft Town Needham Market Transferred from the Northern Premier League Premier Division Barwell Coalville Town Halesowen Town Rushall Olympic Stourbridge League table Play-offs Semi-finals Final Super final Results table Stadia and locations Premier Division South Team changes The Premier Division South at step 3 of the NLS featured 10 clubs from the previous season Premier Division and 12 new clubs: Promoted from the East Division Beaconsfield Town Hartley Wintney Promoted from the West Division Taunton Town Salisbury Swindon Supermarine Wimborne Town Promoted from the Isthmian League South Division Walton Casuals Relegated from the National League South Poole Town Transferred from the Isthmian League Premier Division Harrow Borough Hendon Metropolitan Police Staines Town League table Play-offs Semi-finals Final Super final Results table Stadia and locations Division One Central Team changes Division One Central at step 4 of the NLS featured eight clubs from the previous season West Division and twelve new clubs: Promoted from the Midland League Premier Division Bromsgrove Sporting Coleshill Town Promoted from the Spartan South Midlands League Premier Division Welwyn Garden City Berkhamsted Promoted from the United Counties League Premier Division Yaxley Relegated from the Premier Division Dunstable Town Relegated from the Northern Premier League Premier Division Sutton Coldfield Town Transferred from the West Division Didcot Town Kidlington North Leigh Transferred from the Northern Premier League Division One South Corby Town Peterborough Sports League table Play-offs Semi-finals Final Results table Stadia and locations Division One South Team changes Division One South at step 4 of the NLS featured thirteen clubs from the previous season East Division and seven new clubs: Promoted from the Hellenic League Premier Division Thatcham Town Highworth Town Promoted from the Wessex League Premier Division Blackfield & Langley Promoted from the Western League Premier Division Street Melksham Town Transferred from the East Division Fleet Town Moneyfields League table Play-offs Semi-finals Final Results table Stadia and locations League Cup The 2018–19 Southern League Cup was the 81st edition of the Southern League Cup, the cup competition of the Southern Football League. Calendar Preliminary round First round Second round Third round Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final See also Southern Football League 2018–19 Isthmian League 2018–19 Northern Premier League References External links Official website Category:Southern Football League seasons 7

2019 All Thailand Golf Tour

The 2019 All Thailand Golf Tour was the 21st season of the All Thailand Golf Tour, the main professional golf tour in Thailand since it was established in 1999. It was the first season in which world rankings points are given. Tournament results The table below shows the schedule. Order of Merit References Category:All Thailand Golf Tour All Thailand Golf Tour

Selected (album)

Selected is the first compilation album released by the British musical project Recoil, fronted by Alan Wilder, released on April 19, 2010. The album features an eclectic mixture of vocalists including: Diamanda Galás, Joe Richardson, Douglas McCarthy, Samantha Coerbell, Siobhan Lynch, Toni Halliday, Nicole Blackman, Maggie Estep and Carla Trevaskis. The tracks on Selected has been chosen by Alan Wilder who explained that the collection was made up of "his personal favourites, remastered and edited together into what I consider a cohesive and total listening experience." The tracks have been edited, where appropriate, by Wilder and Paul Kendall and re-mastered with Simon Heyworth at the Super Audio Mastering. The album is available as a single CD, double CD with new remixes and alternative versions, chosen and edited together by Wilder and Paul Kendall, a limited edition 4-vinyl box, plus a limited edition deluxe 4-disc box set. The artwork for Selected was designed by Un.titled under the able guidance of Matt Culpin, with photographic work, both for the studio and live album, created by Simon Congdon. Artwork Promotion In support of the album, Recoil has announced details of an Events tour, A Strange Hour with Alan Wilder & Paul Kendall, with dates across Europe and in the US between March & May 2010. Each date promised to be a unique event – with special guests – and these live presentations mark the first time Recoil has ventured out of the studio. The next part of the tour kicked off with dates across North America, South America and Europe between October & December 2010. On October 17, 2010 four remixes have been made available to download for free from the official Recoil website, under a common title Want – The Architect Mixes, in Wave, MP3 and FLAC formats. These include three versions of "Want" by Haujobb founder Daniel Myer's alias Architect (hence the title of the set), and a remix of "Jezebel" by Ehron VonAllen. Additionally, a QuickTime video for one of the remixes of "Want" accompanies the downloads. "Selected Events" continued in 2011, featuring shows in three Baltic countries and appearances at festivals until the end of October. The "A Strange Hour in Budapest" live Blu-Ray (only) was released in 2012, from the Selected Events from Recoil's tour. Track listing Selected "Strange Hours" (original version on Liquid) – 5:13 "Faith Healer" (original version on Bloodline) – 5:09 "Jezebel" (original version on Liquid) – 4:29 "Allelujah" (original version on subHuman) – 5:56 "Want" (original version on Liquid) – 5:50 "Red River Cargo" (original version on Unsound Methods) – 6:04 "Supreme" (original version on Liquid) – 6:18 "Prey" (original version on subHuman) – 4:52 "Drifting" (original version on Unsound Methods) – 5:17 "Luscious Apparatus" (original version on Unsound Methods) – 5:39 "The Killing Ground" (excerpt) (original version on subHuman) – 5:42 "Shunt" (original version on Unsound Methods) – 5:47 "Edge to Life" (original version on Bloodline) – 5:11 "Last Breath" (original version on Unsound Methods) – 5:24 Selected – Remixed "Supreme (True Romance)" – 6:07 "Prey (Shotgun mix)" (originally released as a free download, December 2008) – 5:10 "Drifting (Poison Dub)" (an edit of the version on the Drifting single) – 7:13 "Jezebel (Filthy Dog mix)" (an edit of the version on the Strange Hours single) – 5:41 "Allelujah (Noisy Church mix)" – 5:33 "Stalker (Punished mix)" (an edit of the version on the Stalker/Missing Piece single) – 7:00 "The Killing Ground (Solid State mix)" – 5:44 "Black Box" (excerpt) (an excerpt from the version on the Jezebel single) – 7:17 "5000 Years (A Romanian Elegy for Strings)" – 5:45 "Strange Hours '10" (featuring The Black Ships) – 5:49 "Missing Piece (Night Dissolves)" (an edit of the version on the Stalker/Missing Piece single) – 7:22 "Shunt (Pan Sonic mix)" (slightly different version of the "Pansonic mix" on the Drifting single) – 5:19 Tracks 1, 5, 7, 9 and 10 were previously unreleased. Selected – A Strange Hour An early version of the A Strange Hour liveset, on CD and DVD. The DVD contains the film projected during the liveset, with 48 kHz/24bit stereo audio. Recoil – "Recoil Medley" Recoil – "Prey (Shotgun Mix)" Recoil – "Want" Optical – "To Shape the Future" Recoil – "Drifting (Poison Dub)" Recoil – "Strange Hours '10" Recoil – "Allelujah (Noisy Church Mix)" Recoil – "The Killing Ground (Solid State Mix)" Depeche Mode – "Never Let Me Down Again (Aggro Mix / Digitalism Remix)" Pan Sonic / Recoil / Speedy J – "Uranokemia" / "Shunt (Pan Sonic Mix)" / "Hayfever" Recoil – "Black Box (Excerpt)" Recoil – "Stalker (Punished Mix)" Recoil / Sasha – "Faith Healer (LFO Disbeliever Mix) / Fundamental" Recoil – "Shunt" Recoil – "Jezebel / New York Nights" References Category:Recoil (band) albums Category:2010 compilation albums Category:2010 remix albums Category:Mute Records compilation albums Category:Mute Records remix albums

Frankland Range

The Frankland Range is a mountain range that is located in the south-west region of Tasmania, Australia. The range forms part of a natural south-western border to the impounded Lake Pedder, formed by the damming of the Serpentine and Huon rivers. As part of the South West Wilderness area, it is a less popular site of bushwalking than other, more famous, ranges in Tasmania's South West, and is for much more advanced walkers due to its length, isolation and terrain. Access routes to the range are by boat from the lake, or the roads at Strathgordon or Scotts Peak Dam. Nearby ranges include the Arthur, Companion, Folded, Tribulation, and the Wilmot ranges. Notable peaks See also List of mountain ranges in Tasmania References External links http://tqft.net/wiki/Frankland_Range Category:Mountain ranges of Tasmania Category:South West Tasmania Category:Lake Pedder

1973–74 QMJHL season

The 1973–74 QMJHL season was the fifth season in the history of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. East and west divisions resumed with the addition of two new teams, the Hull Festivals and Chicoutimi Saguenéens. Eleven teams played 70 games each in the schedule, up from the 64 games the previous season. The season sparked an offensive explosion, unmatched in Canadian Hockey League history. The Sorel Éperviers finished first overall in the regular season, and set a CHL record of 620 goals scored as a team. Three Sorel players, Pierre Larouche, Michel Deziel and Jacques Cossette, had more than 90 goals and 200 points each. Sorel goalkeeper Claude Legris won the top goaltender award, despite posting a 4.50 goals against average; the highest GAA of any Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy winner to date. Pierre Larouche set a Canadian junior ice hockey record scoring record for most points scored in a season with 251, that lasted until the 1983–84 QMJHL season when broken by Mario Lemieux. Three different players, Mike Bossy, Alain Daigle and Bob Sirois each scored 70 goals or more in the season, yet none were in the top ten league scoring leaders. The Quebec Remparts finished second place in the regular season despite scoring 531 goals as a team, the second highest in CHL history. Quebec won the President's Cup, defeating the first place Sorel Éperviers in the finals. Team changes The Shawinigan Bruins are renamed the Shawinigan Dynamos. The Trois-Rivières Ducs are renamed the Trois-Rivières Draveurs. The Chicoutimi Saguenéens join the league as an expansion franchise. The Hull Festivals join the league as an expansion franchise. Final standings Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; Pts = Points; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against complete list of standings. Scoring leaders Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in Minutes complete scoring statistics Playoffs Jacques Locas was the leading scorer of the playoffs with 51 points (18 goals, 33 assists). Quarterfinals Sorel Éperviers defeated Trois-Rivières Draveurs 4 games to 0. Quebec Remparts defeated Shawinigan Dynamos 4 games to 0. Laval National defeated Cornwall Royals 4 games to 1. Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge defeated Sherbrooke Castors 4 games to 1. Semifinals Sorel Éperviers defeated Montreal Bleu Blanc Rouge 4 games to 0. Quebec Remparts defeated Laval National 4 games to 2. Finals Quebec Remparts defeated Sorel Éperviers 4 games to 2. All-star teams First team Goaltender – Bob Sauve, Laval National Left defence – Denis Carufel, Sorel Éperviers Right defence – Bob Murray, Cornwall Royals Left winger – Michel Deziel, Sorel Éperviers Centreman – Gary MacGregor, Cornwall Royals Right winger – Jacques Cossette, Sorel Éperviers Coach – Ghislain Delage, Sherbrooke Castors Second team Goaltender – Andre Lepage, Drummondville Rangers Left defence – Jean Bernier, Shawinigan Bruins Right defence – Richard Mulhern, Sherbrooke Castors Left winger – Claude Larose, Drummondville Rangers Centreman – Pierre Larouche, Sorel Éperviers Right winger – Real Cloutier, Quebec Remparts Coach – Ron Racette, Cornwall Royals List of First/Second/Rookie team all-stars. Trophies and awards Team President's Cup – Playoff Champions, Quebec Remparts Jean Rougeau Trophy – Regular Season Champions, Sorel Éperviers Player Michel Brière Memorial Trophy – Most Valuable Player, Gary MacGregor, Cornwall Royals Jean Béliveau Trophy – Top Scorer, Pierre Larouche, Sorel Éperviers Jacques Plante Memorial Trophy – Best GAA, Claude Legris, Sorel Éperviers Michel Bergeron Trophy – Rookie of the Year, Mike Bossy, Laval National Frank J. Selke Memorial Trophy – Most sportsmanlike player, Gary MacGregor, Cornwall Royals See also 1974 Memorial Cup 1974 NHL Entry Draft 1973–74 OHA season 1973–74 WCHL season References Official QMJHL Website www.hockeydb.com/ Category:Quebec Major Junior Hockey League seasons QMJHL

Vivian Simpson (politician)

Frederick Vivian Simpson, known as Vivian Simpson (23 August 1903 – 1977) was a politician in Northern Ireland. Born in Dublin, Simpson worked as a draper and footwear manufacturer, and also became a lay preacher. Simpson joined the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP) and stood unsuccessfully for Stormont in Larne both in a 1945 by-election, and in the general election later that year. In 1947, he was elected to Carrickfergus District Council. In the 1953 general election he switched to contest Carrick, but was again unsuccessful. He was finally elected to Stormont in Belfast Oldpark in 1958. He then stood down from his council seat, and retained his Parliamentary seat at each subsequent election. In March 1969, Simpson became the Deputy Chairman of Ways and Means and Deputy Speaker of the Northern Ireland House of Commons, holding this post until the prorogation of the Parliament in 1972. After his party colleague Paddy Devlin defected to the Social Democratic and Labour Party, he became the sole remaining NILP MP, and the only non-Unionist MP attending Parliament. He became regarded as the party leader; for example, the NILP's manifesto for the Belfast City Council elections of 1973 carried a foreword written by him. At the 1973 Northern Ireland Assembly election, Simpson stood in Belfast North, but fell well short of taking a seat. References Category:1903 births Category:1977 deaths Category:Leaders of political parties in Northern Ireland Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1958–1962 Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1962–1965 Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1965–1969 Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1969–1973 Category:Northern Ireland Labour Party members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland Category:Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for Belfast constituencies

Shahrak-e Bostan

Shahrak-e Bostan (, also Romanized as Shahrak-e Bostān) is a village in Abshur Rural District, Forg District, Darab County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 418, in 81 families. References Category:Populated places in Darab County

Grinnall Scorpion IV

The Grinnall Scorpion IV is a car made by Grinnall Specialist Cars. It is designed by Steve Harper to be essentially similar in appearance to the Scorpion III, but with an extra wheel and slightly larger dimensions. The Scorpion IV is an open sports car constructed from a fibreglass covered steel space frame chassis. Power is provided by an Audi 1.8 litre turbocharged petrol engine driving a 6 speed gearbox. The standard engine produces but this can be tuned to provide more and Grinnall offer options to increase this to over . References External links Scorpion IV Category:Grinnall vehicles

Meleagros (genus)

Meleagros is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species: Meleagros burmanensis Morvan, 2004 Meleagros coeruleus Kirschenhofer, 1999 Meleagros sikkimensis Andrewes Meleagros sinicola Morvan, 2006 References Category:Platyninae

Babacar Gueye

Babacar M'Baye Gueye (born 2 March 1986) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a forward for China League One side Inner Mongolia Zhongyou. At international level, he represented the Senegal national team. Club career Born in Dakar, Gueye began his career with Génération Foot and joined FC Metz in 2002. On 27 January 2009, the Senegalese striker was loaned to CS Sedan where he remained until June 2009. On 23 July 2009, he signed a four-year contract with German club Alemannia Aachen for a transfer fee of €500,000. During the summer break, he agreed to a one-year loan spell at FSV Frankfurt. Gueye made his first game for his new club on the season opener at home against Union Berlin, on 15 July 2011. He failed to score from the penalty spot in the dying seconds of injury time, thus the game ended in a 1–1 draw. Gueye transferred to China League One club Shenzhen Ruby on 28 February 2012. He won two successive top scorers of the league between 2012 and 2013. International career Gueye was a member of the Senegal national football team with 25 appearances and six goals. Personal life His younger brother is ex-Metz midfielder Ibrahima Gueye who now plays for CS Louhans-Cuiseaux and his cousin is Momar N'Diaye, who also played for Metz. References External links Category:1986 births Category:Living people Category:Sportspeople from Dakar Category:Senegalese footballers Category:Senegalese expatriate footballers Category:Senegal international footballers Category:2008 Africa Cup of Nations players Category:FC Metz players Category:Alemannia Aachen players Category:FSV Frankfurt players Category:Shenzhen F.C. players Category:Xinjiang Tianshan Leopard F.C. players Category:Heilongjiang Lava Spring F.C. players Category:Inner Mongolia Zhongyou F.C. players Category:Association football forwards Category:French people of Senegalese descent Category:Expatriate footballers in Romania Category:Expatriate footballers in Germany Category:Expatriate footballers in China Category:China League One players Category:Liga I players Category:2. Bundesliga players Category:Ligue 1 players Category:Ligue 2 players Category:Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Romania Category:Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Germany Category:Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in China

Desmond Herbert

Desmond Andrew Herbert (17 June 1898 – 8 September 1976) was an Australian botanist. The son of a fruit-grower, Herbert was born in Diamond Creek, Victoria in 1898; was educated at Malvern State School and the Melbourne Church of England Grammar School, then matriculated to the University of Melbourne, from which he obtained a BSc in Biology in 1918 and a MSc in Botany in 1920. He began his botanic career in 1919 as a botanical assistant in the Explosives Section of Western Australia's Mines Department. He was later appointed Economic Botanist and Plant Pathologist for Western Australia, and also lectured part-time in agricultural botany and plant pathology at the University of Western Australia. During this time he made a number of collecting expeditions in south-west Western Australia, and published a number of plant taxa, of which Logania tortuosa, Melaleuca coronicarpa, Daviesia uniflora, Xanthorrhoea brevistyla and Xanthorrhoea nana (Dwarf Grasstree) remain current. In 1921, he published a book, The Poison Plants of Western Australia. In 1921, Herbert took up a position as Professor of Plant Physiology and Pathology at the University of the Philippines. On 11 December 1922 he married his assistant Vera McNeilance Prowse, daughter of John Henry Prowse; they would have two sons and two daughters. Herbert returned to Australia in 1924, joining the Botany Department of the University of Queensland. Initially his position was that of lecturer, but in 1929 he obtained his D.Sc. from the University of Melbourne, and he was awarded an honorary D.Sc. by the University of Queensland in 1935. In 1946 he was promoted to associate professor; two years later he was appointed acting professor, and shortly afterwards foundation professor of botany. He was later made Dean of the Faculty of Science. Herbert was President of the Queensland Naturalists' Club in 1926; of the Royal Society of Queensland in 1928; of the botany section of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science in 1932; of the Horticultural Society of Queensland from 1936 to 1942; of the Orchid Society of Queensland in 1940; and of the Queensland branch of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science in 1942. He lectured on horticulture for the Australian Broadcasting Commission, judged garden competitions, and wrote for the Sunday Mail. In 1952 he published a compilation of his Sunday Mail articles entitled Gardening in Warm Climates. During World War II he helped select sites for research into chemical warfare, and co-wrote a survival manual for the Royal Australian Air Force entitled Friendly Fruits and Vegetables. Herbert retired in 1965, and a year later was appointed CMG. He died in Royal Brisbane Hospital on 8 September 1976, and his body was cremated. One of his sons, John Desmond, was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland, and a minister in Frank Nicklin's Country Party government. A daughter born in 1930, Joan Winifred (Cribb), herself became a botanist of some renown. Eucalyptus herbertiana was named in his honour. Herbert was red-green colour blind. References Category:1898 births Category:1976 deaths Category:Botanists active in Australia Category:Scientists from Melbourne Category:Scientists from Western Australia Category:Royal Society of Queensland Category:Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:University of Melbourne alumni Category:University of Western Australia faculty Category:University of the Philippines faculty Category:University of Queensland faculty

1974 Michigan gubernatorial election

The 1974 Michigan gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 1974. William Milliken was elected to his second term as Governor of Michigan. References 1974 Michigan Gubernatorial Category:November 1974 events in the United States

Lucius (disambiguation)

Lucius is a given name and a surname in various languages. Lucius may refer to: Lucius (praenomen), a Latin praenomen in ancient Rome Lucius (band) Lucius, a performer in the English hip pop quintet KING Zoology Barbus lucius, a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Barbus Channa lucius, a species of snakehead, a fish of the family Channidae Esox lucius, known simply as a pike, a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox Ptychocheilus lucius, the largest cyprinid fish of North America Rhamphochromis lucius, a species of fish in the family Cichlidae Other uses of the name Lucius Lucius Hunt, Australian progressive alternative rock band Lucius Clapp Memorial, historic memorial in Stoughton, Massachusetts Lucius Knowles House, historic house in Worcester, Massachusetts Lucius Gleason House, also known as Liverpool Village Hall, in Liverpool, New York The Lucius Beebe EP, a 2007 5-song live mini-album by Trey Anastasio Lucius Malfoy, character in the Harry Potter novels Lucius Fox, character in DC's Batman comics Lucius, a 2012 video game See also Saint Lucius (disambiguation)

Garrison Creek

Garrison Creek may refer to: Garrison Creek (Ontario) in Toronto, Canada Garrison Creek (Missouri) Garrison Creek (North Dakota)

Qamar Javed Bajwa

General Qamar Javed Bajwa (born 11 November 1960), , is a Pakistani general who is the 10th and current Chief of Army Staff (COAS; the army head) of the Pakistan Army since 29 November 2016. In 2018, he was ranked as the 68th most influential person in the world by Forbes magazine. Born in Karachi, General Bajwa was educated at the Sir Syed College and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan Military Academy in 1978. General Bajwa was commissioned in 1980 in the 16th Battalion of the Baloch Regiment. Prior to his appointment as the Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Army, he served at the General Headquarters as the Inspector General of the Training and Evaluation from 22 September 2015 to 29 November 2016 and as field commander of the X Corps from 14 August 2013 to 22 September 2015 which is responsible for the area along the Line of Control at Kashmir. In addition, he served as a Brigadier in the UN mission in Congo and as a brigade commander in 2007. General Bajwa was awarded with the position as Chief of Army Staff (COAS) till November 2019. The tenure was further extended for 6 months by Supreme Court of Pakistan. . On 7th January 2020, National Assembly Of Pakistan passed bills to extend General Bajwa's tenure upto three years till 29 November 2022. Early life and education Born in Karachi Sindh, Pakistan on 11 November 1960, Bajwa was educated at the Sir Syed College and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan military Academy in 1978. His family hails from Ghakhar Mandi, Punjab. Muhammad Iqbal Bajwa, was an officer of Pakistan Army who died while in service in 1967 in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Bajwa was seven years old when his father died and he was the youngest of five siblings. He and his siblings were raised by their mother, who died in September 2013. Bajwa's father-in-law, Ijaz Amjad, was also a Pakistan Army officer who retired with a two-star rank, Major-General. Bajwa completed his secondary and intermediate education at Sir Syed College in Rawalpindi and Gordon College in Rawalpindi before joining the Pakistan Army in 1978, which directed him to attend the military academy. He was sent to attend the Pakistan Military Academy in Kakul and passed out with the class of 62nd PMA Long Course in 1980. Bajwa is a graduate of Command and Staff in Canada and later attended and secured his graduation from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, United States. He also attended the National Defence University. Bajwa is married to Ayesha. The couple have two sons, Saad and Ali. Career in the military After joining the Pakistan Army in 1978, Bajwa was sent to enrolled at the Pakistan Military Academy (PMA) in Kakul, and passed out from the PMA Kakul where he gained commissioned as 2nd-Lt., on 24 October 1980 in the 16th Baloch Regiment at the Sialkot Cantonment – the same unit that his father commanded. In 1988, Major Bajwa briefly served in the 5th Northern Light Infantry Regiment in Kashmir. In addition, Lieutenant-Colonel Bajwa served in the X Corps, stationed in Rawalpindi, as a staff officer. Upon promoting as one-star rank army general, Brigadier Bajwa served as the Chief of Staff (COS) at the X Corps before promoting to the two-star rank and commanding a division in Northern Pakistan. In 2003, Brig. Bajwa commanded the Pakistan Armed Forces-Africa Command, attached to the UN peacekeeping mission MONUSCO, in Congo Brig. Bajwa served in the Congo as a brigade commander under then-Major General Bikram Singh, the former Chief of the Army Staff of the Indian Army from 2012–14. Gen. Singh later termed Bajwa's performance there as "professional and outstanding." After being promoted to two-star rank in May 2009, Major-General Bajwa took over the command of the Force Command Northern Areas (FCNA) as its GOC, stationed in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. In August 2011, he was honored with the Hilal-i-Imtiaz (Military), and posted as an instructor at the School of Infantry and Tactics in Quetta, and later taught staff course at Command and Staff College in Quetta, and course on national security at the National Defence University. On 14 August 2013, Maj-Gen. Bajwa was promoted to three-star rank and posted as field commander of the X Corps, stationed in Rawalpindi. He was appointed as Grade-I officer during his tenure as field commander of the X Corps. The appointment was commented in the news media that noted that Lt-Gen. Bajwa had been posted in X Corps thrice, which is the army's important and largest corps, which has experience of keeping control over the situation in Kashmir. In 2014, Lt-Gen. Bajwa was appointed as Colonel Commandant of Baloch Regiment. On 22 September 2015, Lt-Gen. Bajwa was posted in the General Headquarters when he appointed as the Inspector-General of the Training and Evaluation (IGT&E) where he was a Principal Staff Officer to then-Chief of Army Staff, General Raheel Sharif. Chief of Army Staff Command reception In 2016, Prime Minister Sharif confirmed the timely retirement of Chairman joint chiefs General Rashad Mahmood, while General Raheel Sharif dismissed rumours of seeking the extension for his term. Initially, the race for the appointment for the army chief was rumored between Lt-Gen. Zubair Hayat and Lt-Gen. Javed Ramday who was close to the first family. However, Prime Minister Sharif announced to appoint the senior most army general, Lt-Gen. Zubair Hayat was appointed Chairman joint chiefs committee. On 29 November 2016, Prime Minister Sharif eventually announced to appoint the fourth by seniority, General Bajwa, as the chief of army staff, superseding two generals who were senior than him. His strong pro-democracy stance and views may have influenced his appointment as an army chief as noted by the media pundits. The Reuters Pakistan reported that Prime Minister Sharif picked Bajwa because of his low-key style. He was also noted as the fourth oldest army chief of staff. About the reception of this appointment, Gen. Bajwa is known to have a sound understanding of Indian strategic ambitions in the region and experience of armed conflict on LoC in Kashmir. In December 2016, he was awarded Nishan-e-Imtiaz. Under the command of Gen. Bajwa, the nationwide counterterrorism operations and Khyber-4 were launched in February 2017 and July 2017, respectively. In October 2018, Bajwa was awarded the Order of the Military Merit by Jordan's King Abdullah II . On 19 August 2019, his tenure as an army chief was extended for another 3 years, lasting from November 2019 till November 2022, by Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan. On 26 November, 2019, the Supreme Court of Pakistan suspended the 3 year extension. On 28 November 2019, Supreme Court of Pakistan approved a short 6-month extension in Bajwa’s term as the COAS. On 7th January 2020, Pakistan's National Assembly Of Pakistan passed bills to extend General Bajwa's tenure upto three years till 29 November 2022. Public image Bajwa is an avid reader and has keen interest in the history of Europe. He enjoys cricket and used to play cricket as a wicket-keeper. General Bajwa reportedly prefers to keep himself updated about the latest developments within the Indian national landscape. He has condemned extremism in all its manifestations, declaring it a key driving force for terrorism. He urged his fellow citizens especially the youth to reject extremist ideologies and terrorism without distinction Awards Effective dates of promotion See also Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Freedom of the press in Pakistan References External links Pakistan Army official website Category:1960 births Category:Punjabi people Category:People from Karachi Category:Government Gordon College alumni Category:Pakistan Military Academy alumni Category:Naval Postgraduate School alumni Category:Pakistani generals Category:National Defence University, Pakistan faculty Category:Pakistani expatriates in the Democratic Republic of the Congo Category:People of the Congo Crisis Category:Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan Category:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz Category:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz Category:Living people

Pad Factory

The PAD Factory is a historic factory building located at Ticonderoga in Essex County, New York. It was built in 1893 and is a 3-story, five-by-three-bay brick industrial building with a fieldstone foundation and a low pitched gable roof. It was originally built for the manufacture of blank books, but was used almost immediately for a variety of purposes including a temporary school and shirt factory. It was converted for residential and commercial uses in 1981. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. References Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Category:Industrial buildings completed in 1893 Category:Buildings and structures in Essex County, New York Category:National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, New York

Chinese Animal Protection Network

Chinese Animal Protection Network (CAPN) is a non-profit animal protection organization, and the first network for animal protection in China, founded by people of China. CAPN is known for its pioneering role in the animal rights movement in China, leading the growing movement against eating cats and dogs, and providing a free encyclopedia on animal welfare information. History The Chinese Animal Protection Network was founded by Dr. Jenia Meng in 2004, with its first project, the Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network. Since then, the organization has initiated projects targeting issues such as lab animal rights, vegetarianism, and opposition to indiscriminate culling as a method of population control of animals. Those projects have led the direction of Chinese non-governmental organizations. By 2008, the organization had 48 member groups, two branches, and more than 20,000 individual supporters. The organization reported on its website in 2014, that its network has expanded to reach almost every part of China, with more than 200 partner groups around world. Philosophy CAPN has a science-based philosophy of animal rights. They oppose violence in the animal rights movement, and see animal rights as a dynamic concept; they believe the rights of different animals are different because their needs are different. Six keys of the organization's philosophy, developed in 2008, include: unity: the philosophy of animal rights is a part of a universal law; scientific disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology have shown through the years that the universe is interrelated. complexity: everyone has his/her own view of animal rights. Different organizations, academics, and even animal rights activists have different viewpoints; when working with people and organizations, one should always keep in mind this diversity of viewpoints. evolution: human understanding of animal rights is evolving, as with all other areas of human knowledge. Science and technology is developing to help humans better understand the universe and their place in the universe; it is natural that our understanding of animal rights will continue to evolve. continuity: continuity exists between everything, from human to nonhuman animals, from more human-related animals to less related animals. The difference is not discrete but gradual. CAPN advocates to analyze specific issues, due to the different needs of individual animals. originality: the concept of animal rights is not a new concept, as three pillars of traditional Chinese thought, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, all have teachings regarding respect towards animals. Projects Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network The Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network (CCAPN) was launched in 2004 at the founding of CAPN. The campaign against eating cats and dogs was the first concern of CCAPN. "Isolated animal welfare organisations were already working to rescue strays by then, but consumption of dogs and cats hadn’t made it onto their agenda. Indeed, these groups were unconvinced that stopping people from eating one or two particular species was anything but an exercise in arbitrary morality. So CAPN sought to reframe the debate as one about cruelty rather than taste," thereby working to reduce the consumer market. Supported by international groups including the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and World Animal Protection, the organization worked to link animal-lovers across China and educate the public about the facts of the trade, for example that "many of the 10,000 cats consumed daily in winter in Guangdong province (where the meat is considered a warming food) are stolen from other provinces". In 2007, the organization "launched an online ‘signing event’ which asked people to pledge to avoid cat and dog meat in future. In the following five months, it collected 21,000 signatures." CCAPN's website in 2014 offers information on controlling rabies in dog populations through vaccination rather than culling, information on controlling domestic cat populations in urban areas through trap-neuter-return rather than culling, and how to create an animal protection agency. Animal Rights website and encyclopedia The Animal Rights in China website was launched on 22 July 2006, and is the major portal for animal rights issues in China. Academic research on animal ethics and networking of animal rights activists are important functions of this project. It is developing a Chinese online encyclopedia of animal protection (APpedia). The main objective of APpedia (Chinese: ARC中文动保小百科) was to establish an online Chinese encyclopedia of animal protection. The project currently has more than 90 academic researchers and affiliated organizations around world. APpedia is published online as a free-of-charge eBook and a website. The content of the APpedia includes, but is not limited to: Science, religion, events, animal behavior, philosophy, important figures, animal protection, advocacy, animal welfare, animal rights, animal protection organizations, reviews of books. The beta version of APpedia website was launched in 2007, as a wiki website, visitors are allowed to modify the articles on the website without registration. Overall the project has a pro animal rights position. A derivative of the project, a book with the same title, was published 2009 in Australia. The sponsors of the free knowledge project include World Society for the Protection of Animals and Culture & Animals Foundation. POVchina POVchina is an information portal for vegetarianisms. It is known for using interactive computer games in public education. Notable contributions CAPN works closely with domestic, international, and overseas organizations working in China, providing advice and support for their work. CAPN runs a campaign against cat-and-dog-eating (the practice of eating cat meat or dog meat). They are the first group to use the slogan 'Stop eating cats and dogs' in their campaign. They also coordinated many groups in more than ten cities in China to join this campaign. This slogan has been adopted by animal rights groups around the country. They launched the online-signing event against consumption of cat and dog meat in 2007, which received over 40,000 signatures. Their campaign has led to a large amount of publicity and discussion of this issue among the public. CAPN runs a campaign against animal hoarding. They led a large-scale online debate on the topic in 2006, and later published two research documents regarding animal hoarding, the first of their kind to be published in Chinese. They are the major contributors to a change in the pro-hoarding climate of China. CAPN provides a network for animal protection groups. They are the first organization devoted to the unity of Chinese animal protection communities. In April 2008, CAPN introduced World Lab Animal Day to China for the first time. Awards CAPN projects have won several awards: Jan 2008: CCAPN won 'great contribution to animal protection in 2007' award in 'Animals in China' Shanghai conference. Mar 2008: ARC won funding for its online encyclopedia from Cultural and Animal Foundation, which is established and chaired by animal rights philosopher Tom Regan. See also Animal welfare and rights in China Cat meat Dog meat References External links Official website "Animal Welfare Activism" - 2012 article by Human Rights in China mentioning CAPN Category:Vegetarian organizations Category:Animal welfare organizations based in China

The Mall at Sierra Vista

The Mall at Sierra Vista is an indoor shopping center in Sierra Vista, Arizona, United States owned and managed by Brookfield Properties Retail Group. It was constructed during the late 1990s. Sierra Vista was one of the fastest growing communities in Arizona and the major population center for southeastern Arizona. The developers had hoped to market to the growing community, which had no other malls. It was the first major mall to be built in southeastern Arizona, with of retail space. During the mall's opening months, around October 1999, many shoppers expressed surprise at how small the mall was: although it appeared quite large from the outside, much of the space was taken by the mall's two anchor stores, Dillard's and Sears, leaving little room for the mall's single main corridor. Many local residents began calling the Mall "The Hall" or "The Small", because most of the stores were built along just this one relatively short passage of corridor. Though many stores have passed through the mall, the majority of the store slots are currently full. Additionally, stores, eating establishments, a bank and hotel have opened around the perimeter of the mall; these include: Applebee's, Wells Fargo, Jack in the Box, Best Buy, Home Depot, Texas Roadhouse and Fairfield Inn. This regional mall serves a large portion of southeastern Arizona and northern parts of the Mexican state of Sonora. A recent survey indicated that as much as 30% of the mall's shoppers come from Sonora, traveling as far away as Nacozari and Cumpas, south of the border, just to shop there. In addition to shopping, the Mall at Sierra Vista hosts the annual Festival of Trees, the Festival of Giving,<ref name="Ory2">Ory, Laura (2007-10-28). "Habitat for Humanity group gets a new home" The Sierra Vista Herald. Last accessed 2007-11-26.</ref> and an annual Car Show for the Boys and Girls Club. The Mall merits a mention in Ethel Jackson Price's 2003 book, Sierra Vista: a Young City with a Past. In 2015, Sears Holdings spun off 235 of its properties, including the Sears at The Mall as Sierra Vista, into Seritage Growth Properties. On October 15, 2018, it was announced that Sears would be closing as part of a plan to close 142 stores nationwide. In January 2019, Seritage listed the Sears property for sale due to limited redevelopment opportunities. In May 2019, the mall was listed for sale, no buyer has been found yet. Anchors Cinemark 10 (34,778 sq ft.) Dillard's (101,123 sq ft.) Sears (95,369 sq ft.) (Closed 2018)'' Best Buy (20,512 sq ft.) References External links Official site Category:Shopping malls in Arizona Category:Buildings and structures in Cochise County, Arizona Category:Tourist attractions in Cochise County, Arizona Category:Shopping malls established in 1999 Category:Sierra Vista, Arizona Category:1999 establishments in Arizona

Matryoshka doll

Matryoshka dolls (; also known as Babushka dolls, stacking dolls, nesting dolls, Russian tea dolls, or Russian dolls) are a set of wooden dolls of decreasing size placed one inside another. The name matryoshka, literally "little matron", is a diminutive form of Russian female first name "Matryona" (Матрёна) or "Matryosha". A set of matryoshkas consists of a wooden figure, which separates at the middle, top from bottom, to reveal a smaller figure of the same sort inside, which has, in turn, another figure inside of it, and so on. The first Russian nested doll set was made in 1890 by wood turning craftsman and wood carver Vasily Zvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter at Abramtsevo. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long and shapeless traditional Russian peasant jumper dress. The figures inside may be of any gender; the smallest, innermost doll is typically a baby turned from a single piece of wood. Much of the artistry is in the painting of each doll, which can be very elaborate. The dolls often follow a theme; the themes may vary, from fairy tale characters to Soviet leaders. In the west, Matryoshka dolls are often referred to as babushka dolls, babushka meaning "grandmother" or "old woman". History The first Russian nested doll set was carved in 1890 at the Children's Education Workshop by Vasily Zvyozdochkin and designed by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts painter in the Abramtsevo estate of Savva Mamontov, a Russian industrialist and patron of arts. Mamontov's brother, Anatoly Ivanovich Mamontov (1839—1905) created the Children's Education Workshop to make and sell children's toys. The doll set was painted by Malyutin. Malyutin's doll set consisted of eight dolls — the outermost was a mother in a traditional dress holding a red-combed rooster. The inner dolls were her children, girls and a boy, and the innermost a baby. The Children's Education Workshop was closed in the late 1890s, but the tradition of the matryoshka simply relocated to Sergiyev Posad, the Russia city known as a toy-making center since the fourteenth century. The inspiration for matryoshka dolls is not clear. It is believed that Zvyozdochkin and Malyutin were inspired by eastern Asian culture, for example the Honshu doll, named after the main island of Japan, however the Honshu figures cannot be placed one inside another. Sources differ in descriptions of the doll, describing it as either a round, hollow daruma doll, portraying a bald old Buddhist monk, or a Seven Lucky Gods nesting doll. Savva Mamontov's wife presented the dolls at the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1900, where the toy earned a bronze medal. Soon after, matryoshka dolls were being made in several places in Russia and shipped around the world. Manufacture Ordinarily, these are crafted from Linden trees. There is a popular misconception that they are carved from one piece of wood. Rather, they are produced using: a lathe equipped with balance bar; four heavy long distinct types of chisels (hook, knife, pipe, and spoon); and a "set of handmade wooden calipers particular to a size of doll." The tools are hand forged by a village blacksmith from car axles or other salvage. A wood carver uniquely crafts each set of wooden calipers. Multiple pieces of wood are meticulously carved into the nesting set. Themes in dolls Matryoshka dolls are often designed to follow a particular theme; for instance, peasant girls in traditional dress. Originally, themes were often drawn from tradition or fairy tale characters, in keeping with the craft tradition — but since the late 20th century, they have embraced a larger range, including Russian leaders. Common themes of Matryoshkas are floral and relate to nature. Often Christmas, Easter and religion are used as themes for the doll. Modern artists create many new styles of the nesting dolls, mostly as an alternative purchase option for tourism. These includes animal collections, portraits and caricatures of famous politicians, musicians, athletes, astronauts, "robots," and popular movie stars. Today, some Russian artists specialize in painting themed matryoshka dolls that feature specific categories of subjects, people or nature. Areas with notable matryoshka styles include Sergiyev Posad, Semionovo (now the town of Semyonov), Polkhovsky Maidan, and the city of Kirov. Political Matryoshka In the late 1980s and early 1990s during Perestroika, freedom of expression allowed the leaders of the Soviet Union to become a common theme of matryoshka, with the largest doll featuring then-current leader Mikhail Gorbachev. These became very popular at the time, affectionately earning the nickname of a "Gorby", namesake of Gorbachev. With the periodic succession of Russian leadership after the collapse of the Soviet Union, newer versions would start to feature Russian presidents Boris Yeltsin, Vladimir Putin, and Dmitry Medvedev. Most sets feature the current leader as the largest doll, with the predecessors decreasing in size. The remaining smaller dolls may feature other former leaders such as Leonid Brezhnev, Nikita Khrushchev, Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and sometimes several historically significant Tsars such as Nicholas II and Peter the Great. Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko almost never appear due to the short length of their respective terms. Some less-common sets may feature the current leader as the smallest doll, with the predecessors increasing in size, usually with Stalin or Lenin as the largest doll. Some sets that include Yeltsin preceding Gorbachev were made during the brief period between the establishment of President of the RSFSR and the collapse of the Soviet Union, as both Yeltsin and Gorbachev were concurrently in prominent government positions. During Medvedev's presidency, Medvedev and Putin may both share the largest doll due to Putin still having a prominent role in the government as Prime Minister of Russia. As of Putin's re-election as the fourth President of Russia, Medvedev will usually succeed Yeltsin and preceded Putin in stacking order, due to Putin's role solely as the largest doll. Political matryoshka usually range between 5 and 10 dolls per set. World record The largest set of matryoshka dolls in the world is a 51-piece set hand-painted by Youlia Bereznitskaia of Russia, completed in 2003. The tallest doll in the set measures ; the smallest, . Arranged side-by-side, the dolls span . As metaphor Matryoshka is often seen as a symbol of the feminine side of Russian culture. Matryoshka is associated in Russia with family and fertility. Matryoshka dolls are a traditional representation of the mother carrying a child within her and can be seen as a representation of a chain of mothers carrying on the family legacy through the child in their womb. Furthermore, Matryoshka dolls are used to illustrate the unity of body, soul, mind, heart and spirit. Matryoshkas are also used metaphorically, as a design paradigm, known as the “matryoshka principle” or “nested doll principle”. It denotes a recognizable relationship of “object-within-similar-object” that appears in the design of many other natural and crafted objects. Examples of this use include the matrioshka brain, the Matroska media-container format, and the Russian Doll model of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The onion metaphor is of similar character. If the outer layer is peeled off an onion, a similar onion exists within. This structure is employed by designers in applications such as the layering of clothes or the design of tables, where a smaller table nests within a larger table, and a smaller one within that. The metaphor of the Matryoshka doll (or its onion equivalent) is also used in the description of shell companies and similar corporate structures that are used in the context of tax-evasion schemes in low-tax jurisdictions (for example, offshore tax havens). See also Amish doll Chinese boxes Droste effect Fractal Kokeshi Mise en abyme Recursion Russian culture Self-similarity Shaker-style pantry box Stacking (video game) Turducken Turtles all the way down References External links Category:1890s toys Category:Handicrafts Category:Nested containers Category:Russian culture Category:Ukrainian culture Category:Armenian culture Category:Culture of Georgia (country) Category:Russian inventions Category:Soviet culture Category:Traditional dolls Category:Wooden toys Category:Products introduced in 1890 Category:Containers

Komedianti

Komedianti is a 1954 Czech film directed by Vladimír Vlček. It was entered into the 1954 Cannes Film Festival. Cast Jaroslav Vojta - Starý komediant Ladislav Pešek - Zak Jaroslav Mareš - Fricek Alena Martinovská - Olga Marie Vásová - Reditelka cirkusu Gabriela Bártlová Svatopluk Beneš - Bohatý pán František Filipovský - Rychtár Josef Hlinomaz - Cop Rudolf Hrušínský - Havránek Vera Kalendová - Rychtárka František Klika - Cop Marie Nováková - Kalupinka Theodor Pištěk - Hospodský Josef Príhoda - Spectator in the Pub Libuše Zemková - Margit References External links Category:1954 films Category:Czechoslovak films Category:Czech-language films Category:Czech films

Convex optimization

Convex optimization is a subfield of mathematical optimization that studies the problem of minimizing convex functions over convex sets. Many classes of convex optimization problems admit polynomial-time algorithms, whereas mathematical optimization is in general NP-hard. Convex optimization has applications in a wide range of disciplines, such as automatic control systems, estimation and signal processing, communications and networks, electronic circuit design, data analysis and modeling, finance, statistics (optimal experimental design), and structural optimization, where the approximation concept has proven to be efficient. With recent advancements in computing and optimization algorithms, convex programming is nearly as straightforward as linear programming. Definition A convex optimization problem is an optimization problem in which the objective function is a convex function and the feasible set is a convex set. A function mapping some subset of into is convex if its domain is convex and for all and all in its domain, the following condition holds: . A set S is convex if for all members and all , we have that . Concretely, a convex optimization problem is the problem of finding some attaining , where the objective function is convex, as is the feasible set . If such a point exists, it is referred to as an optimal point or solution; the set of all optimal points is called the optimal set. If is unbounded below over or the infimum is not attained, then the optimization problem is said to be unbounded. Otherwise, if is the empty set, then the problem is said to be infeasible. Standard form A convex optimization problem is in standard form if it is written as where is the optimization variable, the function is convex, , , are convex, and , , are affine. This notation describes the problem of finding that minimizes among all satisfying , and , . The function is the objective function of the problem, and the functions and are the constraint functions. The feasible set of the optimization problem consists of all points satisfying the constraints. This set is convex because is convex, the sublevel sets of convex functions are convex, affine sets are convex, and the intersection of convex sets is convex. A solution to a convex optimization problem is any point attaining . In general, a convex optimization problem may have zero, one, or many solutions. Many optimization problems can be equivalently formulated in this standard form. For example, the problem of maximizing a concave function can be re-formulated equivalently as the problem of minimizing the convex function . The problem of maximizing a concave function over a convex set is commonly called a convex optimization problem. Properties The following are useful properties of convex optimization problems: every local minimum is a global minimum; the optimal set is convex; if the objective function is strictly convex, then the problem has at most one optimal point. These results are used by the theory of convex minimization along with geometric notions from functional analysis (in Hilbert spaces) such as the Hilbert projection theorem, the separating hyperplane theorem, and Farkas' lemma. Examples The following problem classes are all convex optimization problems, or can be reduced to convex optimization problems via simple transformations: Least squares Linear programming Convex quadratic minimization with linear constraints Quadratic minimization with convex quadratic constraints Conic optimization Geometric programming Second order cone programming Semidefinite programming Entropy maximization with appropriate constraints Lagrange multipliers Consider a convex minimization problem given in standard form by a cost function and inequality constraints for . Then the domain is: The Lagrangian function for the problem is For each point in that minimizes over , there exist real numbers called Lagrange multipliers, that satisfy these conditions simultaneously: minimizes over all with at least one (complementary slackness). If there exists a "strictly feasible point", that is, a point satisfying then the statement above can be strengthened to require that . Conversely, if some in satisfies (1)–(3) for scalars with then is certain to minimize over . Algorithms Convex optimization problems can be solved by the following contemporary methods: Bundle methods (Wolfe, Lemaréchal, Kiwiel), and Subgradient projection methods (Polyak), Interior-point methods, which make use of self-concordant barrier functions and self-regular barrier functions. Cutting-plane methods Ellipsoid method Subgradient method Dual subgradients and the drift-plus-penalty method Subgradient methods can be implemented simply and so are widely used. Dual subgradient methods are subgradient methods applied to a dual problem. The drift-plus-penalty method is similar to the dual subgradient method, but takes a time average of the primal variables. Extensions Extensions of convex optimization include the optimization of biconvex, pseudo-convex, and quasiconvex functions. Extensions of the theory of convex analysis and iterative methods for approximately solving non-convex minimization problems occur in the field of generalized convexity, also known as abstract convex analysis. See also Duality Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions Optimization problem Proximal gradient method Notes References Borwein, Jonathan, and Lewis, Adrian. (2000). Convex Analysis and Nonlinear Optimization. Springer. Hiriart-Urruty, Jean-Baptiste, and Lemaréchal, Claude. (2004). Fundamentals of Convex analysis. Berlin: Springer. Nesterov, Yurii. (2004). Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization, Kluwer Academic Publishers Schmit, L.A.; Fleury, C. 1980: Structural synthesis by combining approximation concepts and dual methods. J. Amer. Inst. Aeronaut. Astronaut 18, 1252-1260 External links EE364a: Convex Optimization I and EE364b: Convex Optimization II, Stanford course homepages 6.253: Convex Analysis and Optimization, an MIT OCW course homepage Brian Borchers, An overview of software for convex optimization Category:Mathematical optimization Category:Convex analysis

The Beast with a Million Eyes

The Beast with a Million Eyes (a.k.a. The Unseen) is a 1955 independently made American black-and-white science fiction film, produced and directed by David Kramarsky, that stars Paul Birch, Lorna Thayer, and Dona Cole. Some film sources have said that the film was co-directed by Lou Place. The film was co-produced by Roger Corman and Samuel Z. Arkoff. and was released by American Releasing Corporation, which later became American International Pictures. The film's storyline concerns a space alien that is able to see through the eyes of a large array of Earth life that it can also mentally control, part of its plan to conquer the Earth. Plot The isolated Kelley family struggle to survive on their small "date ranch", located in a bleak desert landscape well away from civilization. After a mysterious object crashes nearby, both wild and domesticated animals, and finally the farm's handyman, turn on the family, attacking them. It is finally revealed that a space alien ("the beast" of the title) has taken total control of the area's lesser animals and is working its way up to humans, all part of its master plan to conquer the Earth. In the end the family bond together, fighting against the alien menace, finally thwarting its plan of conquest. Cast Paul Birch as Allan Kelley Lorna Thayer as Carol Kelley Dona Cole as Sandy Kelley Dick Sargent (credited as Richard Sargeant) as Larry Leonard Tarver as "Him" Bruce Whitmore (voice only) as The Beast Chester Conklin as Old Man Webber Production The Beast with a Million Eyes was the third of a three-picture deal Roger Corman had with the American Releasing Company following The Fast and the Furious (1955) and Five Guns West (1955). Only $29,000 remained to make the film for Pacemaker Productions. The tiny budget meant music in The Beast with a Million Eyes, credited to "John Bickford", is actually a collection of public-domain record library cues by classical composers Richard Wagner, Dimitri Shostakovich, Giuseppe Verdi, Sergei Prokofiev, and others, used to defray the cost of an original score or copyrighted cues. American Releasing Company president James H. Nicholson had come up with a title and ad treatment that had film exhibitors signed on before seeing the finished film. When the company vice-president Samuel Z. Arkoff received The Beast with a Million Eyes he was unhappy that it did not even feature "the beast" that was implicit in the title. Paul Blaisdell, responsible for the film's special effects, was hired to create a three-foot-tall spaceship (with "beast" alien) for a meager $200. Notably, the Art Director was Albert S. Ruddy, who would later win two "Best Picture" Academy Awards for The Godfather (1972) and Million Dollar Baby (2004). Filming took place in Indio and the Coachella Valley, California. Corman shot 48 pages of interiors in just two days at a studio on La Cienega Blvd. in Los Angeles. The Beast with a Million Eyes was a non-union filming of a script originally titled The Unseen, with Lou Place set to direct. After one day's filming, the union threatened to shut down the production unless everyone signed with the Guild. Roger Corman, who was producing, took over the film's directing chores and replaced the cinematographer with Floyd Crosby; however Corman took no official screen credit. Another version of this story has Corman allocating directing duties to Dave Kramarsky, his associate director on Five Guns West. Reception Film historian Leonard Maltin called The Beast with a Million Eyes, "Imaginative though poorly executed sci-fi melodrama with desert setting; a group of people is forced to confront an alien that can control an unlimited number of animals, hence the title." He further described the film as, "(an) early Roger Corman production (that) features Paul Blaisdell's first movie monster." In 2007 Metro-Goldwyn Mayer sold The Beast with a Million Eyes as part of its Midnight Movies DVD catalog as a double-feature with The Phantom from 10,000 Leagues (1955). See also List of American films of 1955 References Notes Bibliography Lentz, Harris M. III. Science Fiction, Horror & Fantasy Film and Television Credits, Vol. 1. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 1983. . McGee, Mark. Faster and Furiouser: The Revised and Fattened Fable of American International Pictures. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 1996. . Smith, Gary A. American International Pictures Video Guide. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009. . Smith, Gary A. American International Pictures: The Golden Years. Albany, Georgia: Bear Manor Media, 2014. . Warren, Bill. Keep Watching the Skies: American Science Fiction Films of the Fifties, 21st Century Edition (revised and expanded). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009. . External links Category:1955 films Category:1950s independent films Category:1950s science fiction films Category:1955 horror films Category:American films Category:American science fiction horror films Category:English-language films Category:American black-and-white films Category:Films shot in California Category:Films directed by Roger Corman Category:Alien invasions in films

Love Is Forever (Leonora song)

"Love Is Forever" is a song by Danish singer Leonora that was Denmark's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv. It is the first multilingual entry from Denmark in Eurovision and also the first Danish entry with Danish lyrics since the removal of the language rule in 1999. It was performed at the second semi-final on 16 May 2019, and qualified for the final, where it placed 12th with 120 points. Eurovision Song Contest The song represented Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019, after Leonora was chosen through Dansk Melodi Grand Prix 2019, the music competition that selects Denmark's entries for the Eurovision Song Contest. On 28 January 2019, a special allocation draw was held which placed each country into one of the two semi-finals, as well as which half of the show they would perform in. Denmark was placed into the second semi-final, held on 16 May 2019, and was scheduled to perform in the first half of the show. Once all the competing songs for the 2019 contest had been released, the running order for the semi-finals was decided by the show's producers rather than through another draw, so that similar songs were not placed next to each other. Denmark performed in position 7 and qualified for the final on 18 May 2019. Denmark performed sixth in the final. At the end of the voting, the song had received 120 points, ending 12th. Charts References Category:2019 songs Category:Eurovision songs of 2019 Category:Eurovision songs of Denmark Category:Multilingual songs Category:Songs written by Lise Cabble

John Muir (South African naturalist)

John Muir (18 June 1874, Castle Douglas, Scotland – 3 August 1947, Riversdale, Cape Province) was a medical doctor, naturalist and cultural historian. Education and career John Muir spent the years 1890-1892 studying Arts and Medicine at the University of St Andrews. He enrolled at the University of Edinburgh in 1892, obtaining a M.B. and C.M. in 1896, and an M.D. in 1902. In 1896 he came to South Africa and practised at Worcester, Strydenburg, Sterkstroom and Albertinia before settling in Riversdale. He collected plants extensively in the area as well as seeds found along the coastline. He retired in 1923 to devote himself to these interests as well as the study of shells. He donated his collection of driftseeds to Stellenbosch University in 1929 for which he was awarded an honorary D.Sc. As the recipient of a Carnegie Travelling Grant, he went abroad to study other collections of ocean-borne fruits and seeds. He presented his herbarium to the National Herbarium, Pretoria. At this time he developed an interest in folklore and historical objects and published a number of papers on the subject, besides contributing vernacular names of birds, plants and shells to the Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal. He donated his collection of shells to the South African Museum, some particularly minute species exciting a large amount of interest. Besides his botanical writings, he contributed a number of articles to popular scientific and socio-historical publications, a fair portion of these written in Afrikaans. He is commemorated in the genus Muiria N.E.Br. and in many species such as Leucospermum muirii Phillips, Erica muirii L.Bol., Leucadendron muirii Phillips and Conophytum muirii N.E.Br.. His wife, born Susanna Steyn, is also remembered in Protea susannae Phillips and Thesium susannae A.W.Hill, while Muiria hortenseae N.E.Br. was named for his daughter, but is now lumped as a synonym of Gibbaeum hortenseae (N.E.Br.) Thiede & Klak. Vol. 17 of Flowering Plants of South Africa is dedicated to him. Publications The Flora of Riversdale, South Africa Mem. Bot. Surv. S.Afr. No.13 of 1929 Seed-drift of South Africa Mem. Bot. Surv. S.Afr. No.16 of 1937 Gewone Plantname in Riversdal References Botanical Exploration of Southern Africa Mary Gunn and LE Codd (Balkema 1981) Category:South African physicians Category:South African botanists Category:South African naturalists Category:South African cultural historians Category:People from Castle Douglas Category:1874 births Category:1947 deaths Category:20th-century South African scientists Category:20th-century naturalists Category:Scottish emigrants to South Africa

Saint-Étienne Cathedral

Saint-Étienne Cathedral () is a Roman Catholic church dedicated to Saint Charles Borromeo, in Saint-Étienne, Loire, France. It has been the cathedral of the Diocese of Saint-Étienne since its creation on 26 December 1970. The building was constructed as an elaborate parish church between 1912 and 1923 in a primitive neo-Gothic style, on a Latin cross groundplan with transept and triple nave, and a belltower on the west front. The building is long, wide and from the centre of the roof vault to the ground. The organ in the choir dates from 1930, and there is another very imposing one by A. Durand from 1968. The building was a highly ambitious one from the start, and remains unfinished. History The project of a large church for a new parish was decided upon in 1830 to serve the rising population of the city consequent upon its industrial growth. The dedication to Charles Borromeo was an indirect compliment to the then monarch, Charles X. A provisional chapel was built in the Rue Émile Combes in 1829, although only dedicated in 1840, as a temporary measure while the new large church was constructed. In the event the provisional structure had to serve until 1923. The extreme delay was due to sustained obstruction from the secularist authorities, which had disastrous consequences for the progress of the new church of Saint-Étienne. Plans for an impressive church were accepted in the 1860s, drawn up by Pierre Bossan, architect to the Archdiocese of Lyon, where his most significant work was the Basilica of Notre-Dame de Fourvière. After many years in storage they were destroyed in a fire, and had to be reconstructed by , from preliminary drawings by Bossan's partner, Giniez, which had been kept by his children. The local architect who finally built the church from them was Francisque Dodat. The first stone was blessed on 3 November 1912 by Monsignor Déchelette, Auxiliary Bishop of Lyons. However, two years later, the start of World War I further delayed construction until 1919. By that time inflation had reduced the value of the endowment and there was a shortage of labour, and the church that was eventually built, which was finished on 20 November 1923 but not consecrated until 23 May 1933 by Cardinal Maurin, Archbishop of Lyons, was significantly less than what had been planned: it is missing three of the intended four belltowers and a dome, as well as quantities of external and internal decorations. In 1970, the church was elevated to a cathedral when the Diocese of Saint-Étienne was created. On this occasion, the choir was remodelled to conform to the liturgical prescriptions of the Second Vatican Council. In 2005, at the instigation of the Abbé Martin, rector, the layout was completed by the creation of an episcopal cathedral coherent with the altar and the ambo, on drawings by the architect Michel Goyet. Built after the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, it is one of the few cathedrals in France owned by the diocese, which is wholly responsible for its upkeep. Notes References Catholic Hierarchy: Diocese of Saint-Étienne Diocese of Saint-Étienne official website Saint-Étienne Cathedral at The Planet's Cathedrals Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in France Category:Buildings and structures in Saint-Étienne Category:Churches in Loire (department)

2005 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup

The 2005 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup (11th edition), was an international basketball tournament held in Bamako, Mali, from October 2 to 9, 2005. The tournament, organized by FIBA Africa and hosted by Djoliba AC, was contested by 8 clubs split into 2 groups, all of which qualifying for the knock-out stage (quarter, semis and final). The tournament was won by home team Djoliba AC which qualified for the 2007 FIBA Women's World League. Draw Squads Qualification Preliminary rounds Times given below are local UTC. Group A Group B Knockout stage Quarter-finals 5th-8th place Semifinals 7th place 5th place Bronze medal game Gold medal game Final standings Djoliba AC rosterAminata Seremé, Aminata Sininta, Djenaba Samake, Djénébou Damba, Fanta Toure, Fatoumata Dia, Fatoumata Konate, Fatoumata Sanfo, Kadiatou Touré, Kadidiatou Drame, Mariama Camara, Meiya Tirera Coach: Mohamed Maïga Statistical Leaders All Tournament Team See also 2005 FIBA Africa Championship for Women References External links Championship Official Website 2005 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup 2005 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup 2005 FIBA Africa Women's Clubs Champions Cup FIBA

Wilbur Stark

Wilbur Stark (August 10, 1912 – August 11, 1995) was an American writer and film, television, and radio producer and director. Life Stark was born in Brooklyn and was the brother of Douglas Stark, an actor, Sheldon Stark, a writer, and Midge Stark, another producer. He was educated at the Manual Training High School and Columbia University. In 1935 he was hired by the Christian radio station WMCA, becoming a top salesman there. In 1943 he joined the United States Army, then in 1946 established a radio production company, going into partnership with Jerry Layton as Wilbur Stark-Jerry Layton Productions. Stark first made a name in the 1940s as producer of Movie Matinee, a radio quiz show on WOR, going on to produce more than 1,500 shows on radio and a thousand on television. By January 1950, Stark and Layton had produced nearly eight hundred network program episodes, many for DuMont. In December 1950, they announced that they were setting up separate offices, but would continue as partners splitting the packages and talent they already represented. Stark's credits as a television producer included Col. Humphrey Flack and Rocky King Detective in the 1950s and The Brothers Brannagan in 1960-61. Moving on to the film world, Stark was producer of Act of Reprisal (1964), My Lover, My Son (1970), All I Want Is You... and You... and You... (1974), Cat People (1982), and The Storyteller. In 1983, Photoplay noted that Stark "makes a profitable habit of buying up good old movies for fashionable re-treads (such as Cat People, last year) is planning his own, more contemporary revision of Suspicion". In 1945 he married Kathi Norris, who was then a radio writer, and they had two daughters, Pamela and Koo, and two sons, Wilbur Junior, known as Brad, and Patrick. The family moved to London in the 1960s, beginning a new life. There the elder daughter was pursued by Sir William Pigott Brown, but according to Private Eye "So vile were Piggott-Brown's attentions and habits that Stark bought him off, presenting the reptile with a cheque for 500 dollars." However, the offender framed the cheque and hung it on his wall. Pamela graduated from Goddard College and Harvard, became a consultant to non-profit organizations, and married Sheldon Guyer, a vice president of Merrill Lynch, in 1993. Stark and his wife separated and divorced in the 1960s. In 1980, Fantasy Newsletter reported that Stark had bought the rights to several old RKO fantasy films, intending to remake them. It suggested the most significant of these purchases was The Thing From Another World. When The Thing (1982) came to be made, Stark was executive producer. Stark was also a director and writer, his writing credits including Vampire Circus (1971), The Love Box, and The Stud (1974). By the 1990s, Stark was living in Los Angeles. He died of cancer in August 1995 at New York Hospital. Films Act of Reprisal (1964) : Producer My Lover, My Son (1970) : Writer and Producer Vampire Circus (1971) : Writer and Producer All I Want Is You... and You... and You... (1974) : Producer The Thing (1982) : Executive producer Cat People (1982) : Executive producer Notes External links Wilbur Stark at bfi.org.uk Category:1912 births Category:1995 deaths Category:American film producers Category:American screenwriters Category:Columbia University alumni

It's a Man's World (Sarah Vaughan album)

It's a Man's World is a 1967 studio album by Sarah Vaughan, arranged by Hal Mooney, Bob James and Bob Freedman. Reception The Allmusic review by Ken Dryden awarded the album three stars and said that Vaughan's "lovely voice, which is in great form, is full of the adventurous spirit, as is the sole improviser on the date, stretching the boundaries of ten strong compositions". Track listing "Alfie" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 3:33 "The Man That Got Away" (Harold Arlen, Ira Gershwin) - 4:28 "Trouble Is a Man" (Alec Wilder) - 3:43 "Happiness is a Thing Called Joe" (Arlen, Yip Harburg) - 3:50 "For Every Man There's a Woman" (Arlen, Leo Robin) - 3:23 "I Got a Man Crazy for Me" (Neil Moret, Richard Whiting) - 3:31 "My Man (Mon Homme)" (Jacques Charles, Channing Pollack, Albert Willemetz, Maurice Yvain) - 3:52 "I'm Just Wild About Harry" (Eubie Blake, Noble Sissle) - 2:39 "Jim" (Caesar Petrillo, Edward Ross, Nelson Shawn) - 3:42 "Danny Boy" (Frederic Weatherly) - 4:35 Personnel Sarah Vaughan - vocals Hal Mooney - Arranger Bob James Bob Freedman References Category:Mercury Records albums Category:Sarah Vaughan albums Category:1967 albums Category:Albums arranged by Hal Mooney Category:albums produced by Hal Mooney

Chief Technology Officer of the Department of Health and Human Services

The Chief Technology Officer of the Department of Health and Human Services is the top information technology development official in the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The position was established in 2009. List of officeholders See also Chief Technology Officer of the United States References Category:American chief technology officers Category:Science and technology in the United States Category:2009 establishments in the United States Category:United States Department of Health and Human Services officials

Chad Brannon

Chad Allen Brannon (born August 31, 1979 in Tomball, Texas) is an American actor. Brannon is known for his role as Zander Smith on General Hospital. Early life Chad attended Tomball High School in Texas. He was a football and baseball jock in high school and was planning on studying law but things took a great turn after one of his friends dared him to try out for the highschool's comedy "The Nerd" and became the lead. After that he spent most of his time studying theater and went to Sam Houston State University on scholarship. After a year and a half at Sam Houston, he moved to Los Angeles. Personal life Chad is married to his wife Carly. They have three sons: Hudson (born December 18, 2007), Ford (born January 6, 2010), and Tucker (born June 6, 2011). And a daughter, Navy. Career In 2000 started playing Zander Smith on the daytime soap opera General Hospital. He played the character from 2000–2004, until he was killed off, and won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series in 2004. He has also guest starred on Friday Night Lights, Cold Case, and Deadwood. Another of his roles includes Tolten from the Xbox 360 RPG Lost Odyssey. In 2008, FOX brought on Chad as one of the main network announcers covering many of their hit shows such as The Simpsons, Family Guy, Glee, Sons of Tucson, American Dad, and The Cleveland Show. On December 22, 2009, Brannon returned to General Hospital, in a cameo as a character known only as Aaron. He appeared alongside Natalia Livingston, who was playing the twin of her previous character. Filmography References External links http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0105172/ http://chadbrannon.com/ Category:1979 births Category:American male soap opera actors Category:Living people Category:Daytime Emmy Award winners Category:Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series winners

Actinoplanes atraurantiacus

Actinoplanes atraurantiacus is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus of Actinoplanes which has been isolated from forest soil in Yunnan in China. References External links Type strain of Actinoplanes atraurantiacus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Category:Actinomycetales Category:Bacteria described in 2012

Patriot Ordnance Factory

Patriot Ordnance Factory (POF-USA) manufactures and distributes law enforcement, military and civilian rifles in Phoenix, Arizona, and was the first manufacturer and seller of gas-piston-operated weapon systems on AR-style rifles in the United States. History POF-USA was founded in 2002 by aerospace engineer Frank DeSomma with the intent of solving two common problems with gas impingement systems in dusty conditions found with the traditional AR-15 which are carbon fouling and a short-barreled timing issue. Products POF P308 POF P308-FA POF P308 Edge POF P308 Edge SPR POF Old School .308 POF P415 POF P415 Edge POF P416 POF P6.5 POF Renegade POF Renegade Plus POF Renegade Plus SPR POF Revolution POF Revolution DI POF The Constable POF Warhog POF Wonder POF Minuteman POF Rogue POF Rebel .22lr POF P19 Gentlemens Pistol Innovations To address carbon fouling and a short-barreled timing issue related to traditional AR-15s, POF-USA developed the Regulated Short-Stroke Gas Piston System. Rather than operating gas being injected directly into the upper receiver like a traditional AR-15, the technology pushes a piston that acts on an operating rod, which acts on the bolt carrier, setting extraction and reloading into motion. This action type offers several significant improvements over the direct impingement method. Because hot gases are not injected into the upper receiver, carbon fouling in the action is virtually eliminated. POF-USA's solution to timing problems related to AR-15's with short gas tubes, POF-USA developed precise op-rod/piston geometry and regulated gas pressure to enable rifles and carbines to be properly timed and bolt speeds (cyclic rates) to be precisely controlled, enhancing extraction and feeding reliability, as well as reducing wear and fatigue on critical components. The gun also runs cooler, further enhancing reliability and safety. POF-USA is an industry leader in high-performance metal finishes and coatings. POF-USA rifles feature NP3™ coatings and hard, corrosion resistant, nitride heat-treated barrels and gas blocks, eliminating any requirement for lubrication. Additional innovations developed by POF-USA include the integral bolt-carrier key with the interface behind the cam pin, oversized heat-sink barrel nut, roller cam pin, and regulating gas plug. References External links http://www.defensereview.com/patriot-ordnance-factory-pof-usa-revolt-light-5-56mm-nato-223-rem-and-revolt-heavy-7-62mm-nato-308-win-dmr-type-straight-pull-fast-action-tactical-ar-riflecarbines-range-video/ http://www.sadefensejournal.com/wp/patriot-ordnance-factory/ Category:Firearm manufacturers of the United States Category:Manufacturing companies established in 2002

Novy Berkadak

Novy Berkadak () is a rural locality (a village) in Chishminsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010. There are 3 streets. References Category:Rural localities in Bashkortostan Category:Rural localities in Chishminsky District

Tsuruse Station

is a railway station on the Tobu Tojo Line in Fujimi, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. Lines Tsuruse Station is served by the Tobu Tojo Line from in Tokyo, with some services inter-running via the Tokyo Metro Yurakucho Line to and the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line to and onward via the Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minato Mirai Line to . Located between Mizuhodai and Fujimino stations, it is 22.0 km from the Ikebukuro terminus. Only Semi express and Local services stop at this station. Station layout The station consists of an island platform serving two tracks. The station building is elevated and located above the platform. Platforms Adjacent stations History The station opened on 1 May 1914 coinciding with the opening of the Tojo Railway line from Ikebukuro. The west entrance was opened in 1979. Through-running to and from via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line commenced on 14 June 2008. From 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on the Tobu Tojo Line, with Tsuruse Station becoming "TJ-17". Through-running to and from and via the Tokyu Toyoko Line and Minatomirai Line commenced on 16 March 2013. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 43,850 passengers daily. Surrounding area Fujimi City Office National Route 254 LaLaport Fujimi shopping mall See also List of railway stations in Japan References External links Tobu station information Category:Railway stations in Saitama Prefecture Category:Stations of Tobu Railway Category:Tobu Tojo Main Line Category:1914 establishments in Japan Category:Railway stations opened in 1914

Jan Dekert (bishop)

Jan Dekert (1786 – 1861) was a Polish Catholic priest, auxiliary Auxiliary Bishop of Warsaw from 1859–1861. He was the son of mayor of Warsaw Jan Dekert. References Category:1786 births Category:1861 deaths Category:Polish titular bishops Category:Roman Catholic bishops in Poland

Kaidi Finland

Sunshine Kaidi (Finland) New Energy Co. Oy (Kaidi Finland) is an energy company that plans to build a biofuel refinery in Kemi, Finland. It is a subsidiary of Chinese Sunshine Kaidi New Energy Group. The refinery would utilize second generation biofuel technology. Its investment value is around one billion euros. Kemi biofuel refinery The biofuel refinery in Kemi would generate approximately 200,000 metric tons of biofuel, of which 75% would be biodiesel and 25% biofuel. The feedstock used in the refinery would be mainly energy wood along with crop residues and surplus materials from the forest industry. The refinery’s yearly demand for wood would be 2 million cubic tons of energy wood. There is a total of 120,000 hectares of forest in need of first felling within a 200 kilometer range of Kemi. An amount of 20 million cubic meters of energy wood can be harvested from it yearly. Currently, approximately 6 million cubic meters of wood is left over in the woods every year. Kaidi Finland has reported that it may also procure energy wood from Sweden. The effect the refinery would have on employment in Kemi is notable. The building process would bring 4,000 person-years’ worth of labor to the area. When the refinery is completed, it would employ 150 persons full-time while bringing hundreds of jobs to local subcontractors and energy wood providers. The domestic content of the project is estimated to be around 50 percent. Kaidi will make the final decision regarding the investment during 2016. Technology The planned refinery in Ajos, Kemi would utilize second generation biofuel technology, such as plasma gasification, syngas cleanup and the Fischer-Tropsch process. Plasma gasification involves heating the processed material to a notably higher temperature than in other gasification methods, making it more suitable for the processing of demanding materials, such as wood. The process increases the efficiency of the feedstock. The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalytic chemical reaction, where carbon monoxide and hydrogen are transformed into liquid hydrocarbons. The catalysts are iron and cobalt based and speed up the chemical reaction in certain temperatures. The primary function of the process is to produce a synthetic oil replacement to be used as a synthetic lubricant or fuel. The process was invented by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in the 1920s as a way of producing liquid fuel. Second generation biofuels refer to fuels that utilize municipal solid waste and materials high in lignocellulose content in their production. Project Kaidi first began planning the biofuel refinery in 2014 after the previous project by Vapo and Metsä Group was discontinued. Vapo and Metsä Group had planned to build a similar refinery in Ajos. This means that the city of Kemi is already well prepared for the planned refinery and has advanced the required permit applications. In 2016, Kaidi Finland planned to finalize the permit applications along with the design and modeling of the refinery. The building project would start in 2017 and the refinery would begin producing biofuel for commercial markets in 2019. In Oct 2016, Kaidi Finland has signed a contract with the city of Kemi to acquire a 32 hectare land area for the planned biofuel refinery. See also Energy in Finland References External links Category:Oil companies of Finland Category:Biodiesel producers Category:Renewable energy in Finland

Ecocriticism

Ecocriticism is the study of literature and the environment from an interdisciplinary point of view, where literature scholars analyze texts that illustrate environmental concerns and examine the various ways literature treats the subject of nature. It takes an interdisciplinary point of view by analyzing the works of authors, researchers and poets in the context of environmental issues and nature. Some ecocritics brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of the contemporary environmental situation, though not all ecocritics agree on the purpose, methodology, or scope of ecocriticism. In the United States, ecocriticism is often associated with the Association for the Study of Literature and Environment (ASLE), which hosts a biennial conference for scholars who deal with environmental matters in literature and the environmental humanities in general. ASLE publishes a journal—Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment (ISLE)—in which current international scholarship can be found. Ecocriticism is an intentionally broad approach that is known by a number of other designations, including "green (cultural) studies", "ecopoetics", and "environmental literary criticism", and is often informed by other fields such as ecology, sustainable design, biopolitics, environmental history, environmentalism, and social ecology, among others. Definition In comparison with other 'political' forms of criticism, there has been relatively little dispute about the moral and philosophical aims of ecocriticism, although its scope has broadened from nature writing, romantic poetry, and canonical literature to take in film, television, theatre, animal stories, architectures, scientific narratives and an extraordinary range of literary texts. At the same time, ecocriticism has borrowed methodologies and theoretically informed approaches liberally from other fields of literary, social and scientific study. Cheryll Glotfelty's working definition in The Ecocriticism Reader is that "ecocriticism is the study of the relationship between literature and the physical environment", and one of the implicit goals of the approach is to recoup professional dignity for what Glotfelty calls the "undervalued genre of nature writing". Lawrence Buell defines "'ecocriticism' ... as [a] study of the relationship between literature and the environment conducted in a spirit of commitment to environmentalist praxis". Simon Estok noted in 2001 that "ecocriticism has distinguished itself, debates notwithstanding, firstly by the ethical stand it takes, its commitment to the natural world as an important thing rather than simply as an object of thematic study, and, secondly, by its commitment to making connections". More recently, in an article that extends ecocriticism to Shakespearean studies, Estok argues that ecocriticism is more than "simply the study of Nature or natural things in literature; rather, it is any theory that is committed to effecting change by analyzing the function–thematic, artistic, social, historical, ideological, theoretical, or otherwise–of the natural environment, or aspects of it, represented in documents (literary or other) that contribute to material practices in material worlds". This echoes the functional approach of the cultural ecology branch of ecocriticism, which analyzes the analogies between ecosystems and imaginative texts and posits that such texts potentially have an ecological (regenerative, revitalizing) function in the cultural system. As Michael P. Cohen has observed, "if you want to be an ecocritic, be prepared to explain what you do and be criticized, if not satirized." Certainly, Cohen adds his voice to such critique, noting that one of the problems of ecocriticism has been what he calls its "praise-song school" of criticism. All ecocritics share an environmentalist motivation of some sort, but whereas the majority are 'nature endorsing', some are 'nature sceptical'. In part this entails a shared sense of the ways in which 'nature' has been used to legitimize gender, sexual and racial norms (so homosexuality has been seen as 'unnatural', for example), but it also involves scepticism about the uses to which 'ecological' language is put in ecocriticism; it can also involve a critique of the ways cultural norms of nature and the environment contribute to environmental degradation. Greg Garrard has dubbed 'pastoral ecology' the notion that nature undisturbed is balanced and harmonious, while Dana Phillips has criticised the literary quality and scientific accuracy of nature writing in "The Truth of Ecology". Similarly, there has been a call to recognize the place of the Environmental Justice movement in redefining ecocritical discourse. In response to the question of what ecocriticism is or should be, Camilo Gomides has offered an operational definition that is both broad and discriminating: "The field of enquiry that analyzes and promotes works of art which raise moral questions about human interactions with nature, while also motivating audiences to live within a limit that will be binding over generations". He tests it for a film (mal)adaptation about Amazonian deforestation. Implementing the Gomides definition, Joseph Henry Vogel makes the case that ecocriticism constitutes an "economic school of thought" as it engages audiences to debate issues of resource allocation that have no technical solution. Ashton Nichols has recently argued that the historical dangers of a romantic version of nature now need to be replaced by "urbanatural roosting", a view that sees urban life and the natural world as closely linked and argues for humans to live more lightly on the planet, the way virtually all other species do. In literary studies Ecocritics investigate such things as the underlying ecological values, what, precisely, is meant by the word nature, and whether the examination of "place" should be a distinctive category, much like class, gender or race. Ecocritics examine human perception of wilderness, and how it has changed throughout history and whether or not current environmental issues are accurately represented or even mentioned in popular culture and modern literature. Scholars in ecocriticism engage in questions regarding anthropocentrism, and the "mainstream assumption that the natural world be seen primarily as a resource for human beings" as well as critical approaches to changing ideas in "the material and cultural bases of modern society." Recently, "empirical ecocritics" have begun empirically evaluating the influence of ecofiction on its readers. Other disciplines, such as history, economics, philosophy, ethics, and psychology, are also considered by ecocritics to be possible contributors to ecocriticism. While William Rueckert may have been the first person to use the term ecocriticism (Barry 240) in his 1978 essay entitled Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism, ecocriticism as a movement owes much to Rachel Carson's 1962 environmental exposé Silent Spring. Drawing from this critical moment, Rueckert's intent was to focus on "the application of ecology and ecological concepts to the study of literature". Ecologically minded individuals and scholars have been publishing progressive works of ecotheory and criticism since the explosion of environmentalism in the late 1960s and 1970s. However, because there was no organized movement to study the ecological/environmental side of literature, these important works were scattered and categorized under a litany of different subject headings: pastoralism, human ecology, regionalism, American Studies etc. British marxist critic Raymond Williams, for example, wrote a seminal critique of pastoral literature in 1973, The Country and the City. Another early ecocritical text, Joseph Meeker's The Comedy of Survival (1974), proposed a version of an argument that was later to dominate ecocriticism and environmental philosophy; that environmental crisis is caused primarily by a cultural tradition in the West of separation of culture from nature, and elevation of the former to moral predominance. Such anthropocentrism is identified in the tragic conception of a hero whose moral struggles are more important than mere biological survival, whereas the science of animal ethology, Meeker asserts, shows that a "comic mode" of muddling through and "making love not war" has superior ecological value. In the later, "second wave" ecocriticism, Meeker's adoption of an ecophilosophical position with apparent scientific sanction as a measure of literary value tended to prevail over Williams's ideological and historical critique of the shifts in a literary genre's representation of nature. As Glotfelty noted in The Ecocriticism Reader, "One indication of the disunity of the early efforts is that these critics rarely cited one another's work; they didn't know that it existed...Each was a single voice howling in the wilderness." Nevertheless, ecocriticism—unlike feminist and Marxist criticisms—failed to crystallize into a coherent movement in the late 1970s, and indeed only did so in the US in the 1990s. In the mid-1980s, scholars began to work collectively to establish ecocriticism as a genre, primarily through the work of the Western Literature Association in which the revaluation of nature writing as a non-fictional literary genre could function. In 1990, at the University of Nevada, Reno, Glotfelty became the first person to hold an academic position as a professor of Literature and the Environment, and UNR, with the aid of the now-retired Glotfelty and the remaining professor Michael P. Branch, has retained the position it established at that time as the intellectual home of ecocriticism even as ASLE has burgeoned into an organization with thousands of members in the US alone. From the late 1990s, new branches of ASLE and affiliated organizations were started in the UK, Japan, Korea, Australia and New Zealand (ASLEC-ANZ), India (OSLE-India), Southeast Asia (ASLE-ASEAN), Taiwan, Canada and Europe. The emergence of ecocriticism in British literary criticism is usually dated to the publication in 1991 of Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition by Jonathan Bate. See also Animal studies Critical theory Cultural ecology Ecolinguistics Ecosophy Ethnobiology References Sources Abram, David. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than-Human World. New York: Pantheon, 1996. Alex, Rayson K., S. Susan Deborah & Sachindev P.S. Culture and Media: Ecocritical Explorations. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. Barry, Peter. "Ecocriticism". Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. 3rd ed. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2009. Bate, Jonathan. Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition. London and New York: Routledge, 1991. Buell, Lawrence. The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1995. Bilbro, Jeffrey. Loving God's Wildness: The Christian Roots of Ecological Ethics in American Literature. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2015. Buell, Lawrence. "Toxic Discourse." Critical Inquiry 24.3 (1998): 639-665. Buell, Lawrence. Writing for an Endangered World: Literature, Culture, and Environment in the U.S. and Beyond. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001. Cohen, Michael P. "Blues in Green: Ecocriticism Under Critique." Environmental History 9. 1 (January 2004): 9-36. Coupe, Laurence, ed. The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism. London: Routledge, 2000. Cranston, CA. & Robert Zeller, eds. "The Littoral Zone: Australian Contexts and their Writers". New York: Rodopi, 2007. Estok, Simon C. (2001). "A Report Card on Ecocriticism." AUMLA 96 (November): 200-38. Estok, Simon C. (2005). "Shakespeare and Ecocriticism: An Analysis of 'Home' and 'Power' in King Lear." AUMLA 103 (May 2005): 15-41. Forns-Broggi, Roberto. "La aventura perdida del ecopoema" in Fórnix 5/6 (2007): 376-394. Frederick, Suresh. Contemporary Contemplations on Ecoliterature. New Delhi:Authorpress, 2012. Garrard, Greg, Ecocriticism. New York: Routledge, 2004. Garrard, Greg (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Glotfelty, Cheryll and Harold Fromm (Eds). The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology. Athens and London: University of Georgia, 1996. Gomides, Camilo. 'Putting a New Definition of Ecocriticism to the Test: The Case of The Burning Season, a film (mal)Adaptation". ISLE 13.1 (2006): 13-23. Heise, Ursula K. "Greening English: Recent Introductions to Ecocriticism." Contemporary Literature 47.2 (2006): 289–298. Indian Journal of Ecocriticism Kroeber, Karl. Ecological Literary Criticism: Romantic Imagining and the Biology of Mind. New York: Columbia UP, 1994. Lindholdt, Paul. Explorations in Ecocriticism: Advocacy, Bioregionalism, and Visual Design, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2015. Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964. McKusick, James C. Green Writing: Romanticism and Ecology. New York: St. Martin's, 2000. Meeker, Joseph W. "The Comedy of Survival: Studies in Literary Ecology." New York: Scribner's, 1972. Moore, Bryan L. Ecology and Literature: Ecocentric Personification from Antiquity to the Twenty-first Century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Morton, Timothy. The Ecological Thought. Cambridge, MAL Harvard University Press, 2012. Nichols, Ashton. "Beyond Romantic Ecocriticism: Toward Urbanatural Roosting." New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. Paperback, 2012. Nicolson, Marjorie Hope. Mountain Gloom and Mountain Glory: The Development of the Aesthetics of the Infinite. Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press, 1959. Phillips, Dana. The Truth of Ecology: Nature, Culture, and Literature in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Rueckert, William. "Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism." Iowa Review 9.1 (1978): 71-86. Rojas Pérez, Walter. La ecocrítica hoy. San José, Costa Rica: Aire Moderno, 2004. Selvamony, Nirmal, Nirmaldasan & Rayson K. Alex. Essays in Ecocriticism. Delhi: Sarup and Sons and OSLE-India, 2008. Slovic, Scott. Seeking Awareness in American Nature Writing: Henry Thoreau, Annie Dillard, Edward Abbey, Wendell Berry, Barry Lopez. Salt Lake City, UT: University of Utah Press, 1992. Vogel, Joseph Henry. "Ecocriticism as an Economic School of Thought: Woody Allen's Match Point as Exemplary." OMETECA: Science and Humanities 12 (2008): 105-119. Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. London: Chatto and Windus, 1973. Zapf, Hubert. "Literary Ecology and the Ethics of Texts." New Literary History 39.4 (2008): 847-868. External links European Association for the Study of Literature, Culture and Environment (EASLCE) Isle: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and the Environment Journal of Ecocriticism Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism Canadian Poetry: Documents/Studies/Reviews, No. 55 (Fall/Winter 2004): Ecocriticism and Contemporary Canadian Poetry "Dinnseanchas", Eamonn Wall, Berfrois, 17 March 2011 "GIECO: Grupo de Investigación en Ecocrítica" Nordic Network for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies (NIES) Category:Literary criticism Category:Environmental humanities Category:Environmental studies

Waterfront Watch

Waterfront Watch Inc is a Wellington organisation which aims to preserve the Wellington waterfront from excessive development. Throughout its history it has frequently engaged in legal action to stop what it sees as negative developments. On the Waterfront Watch website, the organisation describes its purpose as: We are committed to preserving this resource for the people of Wellington and whilst we will support appropriate development that enhances public spaces and usage, we will question any excessive development that seeks to privatise and restrict public access, remove views and viewshafts, downgrades our heritage or introduces excess shading or wind issues. Notable campaigns Variation 17 In the late 1990s there was a proposal – termed Variation 17 – to redevelop Wellington's waterfront into a mixture of public and private spaces. The proposal drew fierce criticism from some quarters, and Waterfront Watch was formed to stop the proposal. The Wellington City Council received a record-breaking 2,500 public submissions, of which 94% opposed the variation proposal. As a result, the variation proposal was shelved, and the area now known as Waitangi Park remains as public land. North Kumutoto development In November 2013, Wellington Waterfront Ltd detailed plans for an office building on the Kumutoto wharf which is over the 22 metre height limit for the area. The proposal came after plans in 2012 for a 6-story office block were blocked by the Environment Court. Waterfront Watch President Pauline Swann said she was appalled that the proposal was going against the Court's recommendation: "We're very concerned. I've had a word to a few councillors about it." See also Wellington Harbour References External links Waterfront Watch on Facebook Wellington Waterfront Limited, the Wellington City Council controlled organisation charged with developing the waterfront Protecting public spaces, story at Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand Category:Organisations based in Wellington Category:Wellington City

Behind the Painting

Khang Lang Phap (), translated into English as Behind the Painting, is a Thai romantic novel by Kulap Saipradit (writing under the pen name Siburapha), published in 1937. It tells the story of Nopphon, a Thai student studying in Japan, who meets and develops a relationship with the aristocratic lady Mom Rajawongse Kirati, the newly married wife of a family acquaintance. Nopphon and Kirati develop romantic feelings which they are unable to acknowledge, leading to tensions as the characters face the conflict between their feelings and familial duties. The work has come to be regarded as one of the foremost classic novels of the Thai literary canon. It has been reprinted almost forty times, is commonly listed as required reading for secondary school students, and has been adapted into two films (by Piak Poster in 1985 and Cherd Songsri in 2001) and three stage musicals. See also Thai literature References Category:Thai novels Category:1937 novels

Rothbury Community Hospital

Rothbury Community Hospital is a health facility at Rothbury, Northumberland, England. It is managed by Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust. History The original facility was built as a private home known as Coquet House in 1872. It was converted into the Coquetdale Cottage Hospital in 1905. A maternity ward was added, as a lasting memorial to soldiers who died in the Second World War, in 1946. It joined the National Health Service in 1948 and the adjoining Hawthorn Cottage was acquired in 1956. After Hawthorn Cottage had been converted into a physiotherapy department, it was officially re-opened by Jimmy Savile in 1990. After the old hospital became dilapidated, modern facilities were built in Whitton Bank Road and opened in 2007. The new hospital closed to inpatients in September 2016 and in June 2019 the trust advised that a group was working on proposals for the future of remaining services at the hospital. References External links Official site Category:Hospitals established in 1905 Category:1905 establishments in England Category:Hospitals in Northumberland Category:Rothbury Category:NHS hospitals in England

5th Wildflower Film Awards

The 5th Wildflower Film Awards () is an awards ceremony recognizing the achievements of Korean independent and low-budget films. It was held at the Literature House in Seoul on April 12, 2018. This year awards includes a new category for Best Music and Best Producer. A total of 13 prizes were handed out to films nominated across 10 categories for both documentary and narrative works, each with a budget under () and released theatrically between January 1 and December 31, 2017. Nominations and winners (Winners denoted in bold) References External links Wildflower Film Awards Category:Wildflower Film Awards Wildflower Film Awards

Glory Days (Just Jack song)

"Glory Days" is a single by UK artist Just Jack which was recorded in 2006. It reached 32 in the UK Singles Chart in April 2007. Most of the music video was filmed down the world-famous Brick Lane in the East End of London. Track listings CD single "Glory Days" "Glory Days" (DJ Mehdi Remix) External links Category:2007 songs Category:2007 singles Category:Just Jack songs Category:Mercury Records singles

Raynoch Thompson

Raynoch Joseph Thompson (born November 21, 1977) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the second round (45th overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft out of the University of Tennessee. He spent 5 years for the Cardinals, until they released him at the end of the 2004 season. After his time with the Cardinals, he signed with the Green Bay Packers, but they cut him before the season. He was an All-American and a Butkus Award Finalist in 1997 and 1998. He was an important part of the University of Tennessee National Championship team that went undefeated in 1998. Category:1977 births Category:Living people Category:St. Augustine High School (New Orleans) alumni Category:Sportspeople from Los Angeles Category:American football linebackers Category:Tennessee Volunteers football players Category:Arizona Cardinals players

Aaron Dunphy

Aaron Dunphy (born 1998) is an Irish hurler who plays for Laois Senior Championship club Borris-in-Ossory/Kilcotton and at inter-county level with the Laois senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a right wing-forward. Honours Borris-in-Ossory/Kilcotton Laois Senior Hurling Championship (1): 2016 Laois Joe McDonagh Cup (1): 2019 References External links Aaron Dunphy profile at the Laois GAA website Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:Borris-in-Ossory/Kilcotton hurlers Category:Laois inter-county hurlers

Lan'an

Lan'an is a town in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China. Rumors among the international community have pegged the town as a possible front runner in the upcoming Miss Most Beautiful Small Village Pageant. Category:Populated places in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

List of Christian devotional literature

Christian devotional literature (also called devotionals or Christian living literature) is religious writing that Christian individuals read for their personal growth and spiritual formation. Popular devotionals Books Conferences (ca. 400), by John Cassian The Ladder of Divine Ascent (ca. 600), by John Climacus Hymns of Divine Love (ca. 1020), by Symeon the New Theologian On Loving God (ca. 1140), by Bernard of Clairvaux The Flowing Light of Divinity (ca. 1270), by Mechthild of Magdeburg The Spiritual Espousals (ca. 1340), by Jan van Ruusbroec The Dialogue of Divine Providence (ca. 1377), by Catherine of Siena Revelations of Divine Love (ca. 1400), by Julian of Norwich The Imitation of Christ (ca. 1423), by Thomas à Kempis The Interior Castle (1577), by Teresa of Avila Ascent of Mount Carmel (1579), by John of the Cross Introduction to the Devout Life (1609), by François de Sales True Devotion to Mary (1712), by Louis de Montfort The Practice of the Presence of God (1792), by Brother Lawrence The Christian Year (1827), by John Keble My Utmost for His Highest (ca. 1927), by Oswald Chambers Saint Augustine's Prayer Book (1967), by Loren Gavitt and Archie Drake (editors) Jesus Calling (2004), by Sarah Young Booklets The Upper Room (1935-present), published by Upper Room Ministries Portals of Prayer (1937-present), published by Concordia Publishing House Our Daily Bread (1956-present), published by Our Daily Bread Ministries Online Devotional Literature Our Daily Bread was among the earliest of the classic devotionals to appear on the Internet. Online archives of the devotional are available back to January 1994. Upper Room Ministries began emailing the Upper Room daily devotional guide in 1997. In the years following, many Christian organizations began adding a daily devotional to their website. The following is an incomplete list of daily devotional services available through recognized Christian organizations. Campus Crusade for Christ Crosswalk.com Grace to You Lutheran Hour Ministries Moody Bible Institute See also Bible study (Christian) Quiet Time Christian contemplation References Category:Books about spirituality List of Christian devotional literature Category:Religious literature Devotional Lit

Cam

A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in transforming rotary motion into linear motion. It is often a part of a rotating wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth, as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam. A cam timer is similar, and were widely used for electric machine control (an electromechanical timer in a washing machine being a common example) before the advent of inexpensive electronics, microcontrollers, integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers and digital control. Overview The cam can be seen as a device that rotates from spherical to reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion. A common example is the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine and converts it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust valves of the cylinders. Displacement diagram Cams can be characterized by their displacement diagrams, which reflect the changing position a follower would make as the surface of the cam moves in contact with the follower. In the example shown, the cam rotates about an axis. These diagrams relate angular position, usually in degrees, to the radial displacement experienced at that position. Displacement diagrams are traditionally presented as graphs with non-negative values. A simple displacement diagram illustrates the follower motion at a constant velocity rise followed by a similar return with a dwell in between as depicted in figure 2. The rise is the motion of the follower away from the cam center, dwell is the motion where the follower is at rest, and return is the motion of the follower toward the cam center. A common type is in the valve actuators in internal combustion engines. Here, the cam profile is commonly symmetric and at rotational speeds generally met with, very high acceleration forces develop. Ideally, a convex curve between the onset and maximum position of lift reduces acceleration, but this requires impractically large shaft diameters relative to lift. Thus, in practice, the points at which lift begins and ends mean that a tangent to the base circle appears on the profile. This is continuous with a tangent to the tip circle. In designing the cam, the lift and the dwell angle are given. If the profile is treated as a large base circle and a small tip circle, joined by a common tangent, giving lift , the relationship can be calculated, given the angle between one tangent and the axis of symmetry ( being ), while is the distance between the centres of the circles (required), and is the radius of the base (given) and that of the tip circle (required): and Disc or plate cam The most commonly used cam is the cam plate (also known as disc cam or radial cam) which is cut out of a piece of flat metal or plate. Here, the follower moves in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the camshaft. Several key terms are relevant in such a construction of plate cams: base circle, prime circle (with radius equal to the sum of the follower radius and the base circle radius), pitch curve which is the radial curve traced out by applying the radial displacements away from the prime circle across all angles, and the lobe separation angle (LSA - the angle between two adjacent intake and exhaust cam lobes). The base circle is the smallest circle that can be drawn to the cam profile. A once common, but now outdated, application of this type of cam was automatic machine tool programming cams. Each tool movement or operation was controlled directly by one or more cams. Instructions for producing programming cams and cam generation data for the most common makes of machine, were included in engineering references well into the modern CNC era. This type of cam is used in many simple electromechanical appliances controllers, such as dishwashers and clothes washing machines, to actuate mechanical switches that control the various parts. Cylindrical cam A cylindrical cam or barrel cam is a cam in which the follower rides on the surface of a cylinder. In the most common type, the follower rides in a groove cut into the surface of a cylinder. These cams are principally used to convert rotational motion to linear motion parallel to the rotational axis of the cylinder. A cylinder may have several grooves cut into the surface and drive several followers. Cylindrical cams can provide motions that involve more than a single rotation of the cylinder and generally provide positive positioning, removing the need for a spring or other provision to keep the follower in contact with the control surface. Applications include machine tool drives, such as reciprocating saws, and shift control barrels in sequential transmissions, such as on most modern motorcycles. A special case of this cam is constant lead, where the position of the follower is linear with rotation, as in a lead screw. The purpose and detail of implementation influence whether this application is called a cam or a screw thread, but in some cases, the nomenclature may be ambiguous. Cylindrical cams may also be used to reference an output to two inputs, where one input is the rotation of the cylinder and the other is the position of the follower along the cam. The output is radial to the cylinder. These were once common for special functions in control systems, such as fire control mechanisms for guns on naval vessels and mechanical analog computers. An example of a cylindrical cam with two inputs is provided by a duplicating lathe, an example of which is the Klotz axe handle lathe, which cuts an axe handle to a form controlled by a pattern acting as a cam for the lathe mechanism. Face cam A face cam produces motion by using a follower riding on the face of a disk. The most common type has the follower ride in a slot so that the captive follower produces radial motion with positive positioning without the need for a spring or other mechanism to keep the follower in contact with the control surface. A face cam of this type generally has only one slot for a follower on each face. In some applications, a single element, such as a gear, a barrel cam or other rotating element with a flat face, may do duty as a face cam in addition to other purposes. Face cams may provide repetitive motion with a groove that forms a closed curve or may provide function generation with a stopped groove. Cams used for function generation may have grooves that require several revolutions to cover the complete function, and in this case, the function generally needs to be invertible so that the groove does not self intersect, and the function output value must differ enough at corresponding rotations that there is sufficient material separating the adjacent groove segments. A common form is the constant lead cam, where the displacement of the follower is linear with rotation, such as the scroll plate in a scroll chuck. Non-invertible functions, which require the groove to self-intersect, can be implemented using special follower designs. A variant of the face cam provides motion parallel to the axis of cam rotation. A common example is the traditional sash window lock, where the cam is mounted to the top of the lower sash, and the follower is the hook on the upper sash. In this application, the cam is used to provide a mechanical advantage in forcing the window shut, and also provides a self-locking action, like some worm gears, due to friction. Face cams may also be used to reference a single output to two inputs, typically where one input is the rotation of the cam and the other is the radial position of the follower. The output is parallel to the axis of the cam. These were once common is mechanical analog computation and special functions in control systems. A face cam that implements three outputs for a single rotational input is the stereo phonograph, where a relatively constant lead groove guides the stylus and tonearm unit, acting as either a rocker-type (tonearm) or linear (linear tracking turntable) follower, and the stylus alone acting as the follower for two orthogonal outputs to representing the audio signals. These motions are in a plane radial to the rotation of the record and at angles of 45 degrees to the plane of the disk (normal to the groove faces). The position of the tonearm was used by some turntables as a control input, such as to turn the unit off or to load the next disk in a stack, but was ignored in simple units. Heart shaped cam This type of cam, in the form of a symmetric heart, is used to return a shaft holding the cam to a set position by pressure from a roller. They were used on early models of Post Office Master clocks to synchronise the clock time with Greenwich Mean Time when the activating follower was pressed onto the cam automatically via a signal from an accurate time source. Snail drop cam This type of cam was used for example in mechanical timekeeping clocking-in clocks to drive the day advance mechanism at precisely midnight and consisted of a follower being raised over 24 hours by the cam in a spiral path which terminated at a sharp cut off at which the follower would drop down and activate the day advance. Where timing accuracy is required as in clocking-in clocks these were typically ingeniously arranged to have a roller cam follower to raise the drop weight for most of its journey to near its full height, and only for the last portion of its travel for the weight to be taken over and supported by a solid follower with a sharp edge. This ensured that the weight dropped at a precise moment, enabling accurate timing. This was achieved by the use of two snail cams mounted coaxially with the roller initially resting on one cam and the final solid follower on the other but not in contact with its cam profile. Thus the roller cam initially carried the weight, until at the final portion of the run the profile of the non-roller cam rose more than the other causing the solid follower to take the weight. Linear cam A linear cam is one in which the cam element moves in a straight line rather than rotates. The cam element is often a plate or block but maybe any cross-section. The key feature is that the input is a linear motion rather than rotational. The cam profile may be cut into one or more edges of a plate or block, maybe one or more slots or grooves in the face of an element, or may even be a surface profile for a cam with more than one input. The development of a linear cam is similar to, but not identical to, that of a rotating cam. A common example of a linear cam is a key for a pin tumbler lock. The pins act as followers. This behavior is exemplified when the key is duplicated in a key duplication machine, where the original key acts as a control cam for cutting the new key. History Cam mechanisms appeared in China at around 600 BC in the form of a crossbow trigger-mechanism with a cam-shaped swing arm. However, the trigger mechanism did not rotate around its own axis and traditional Chinese technology generally made little use of continously rotating cams. Nevertheless, later research showed that cam mechanisms appeared in water-driven trip hammers by the latter half of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC - 8 AD) as recorded in the Huan Zi Xin Lun. Complex pestles were also mentioned in later records such as the Jin Zhu Gong Zan and the Tian Gong Kai Wu, amongst many other records of water-driven pestles. During the Tang dynasty, the wooden clock within the water-driven astronoical device, the spurs inside a water-driven armillary sphere, the automated alarm within a five-wheeled sand-driven clock, artificial paper figurines within a revolving lantern, all utilized cam mechanisms.. The Chinese hodometer which utilized a bell and gong mechanism is also a cam, as described in the Song Shi. In the book Nongshu, the vertical wheel of a water-driven wind box is also a cam. Out of these examples, the water-driven pestle and the water driven wind wind box both have two cam mechanisms inside. . Cams that rotated continuously and functioned as integral machine elements were built into Hellenistic water-driven automata from the 3rd century BC. The cam and camshaft later appeared in mechanisms by Al-Jazari and Shooshtari, who used them in their automata, described in 1206. The cam and camshaft appeared in European mechanisms from the 14th century. See also References External links Cam design pages Creates animated cams for specified follower motions. Kinematic Models for Design Digital Library (KMODDL) - Movies and photos of hundreds of working mechanical-systems models at Cornell University. Also includes an e-book library of classic texts on mechanical design and engineering. Introduction to Mechanisms - Cams Classification, nomenclature, motion, and design of cams; information for the course, Introduction to Mechanisms, at Carnegie Mellon University. Polynomial cam function with excel VBA file to demonstrate its motion Category:Mechanisms (engineering)

Gandedhe

Gandedhe () is a 2010 Indian Kannada language romantic action film written and directed by Akula Shiva and produced by Ramu of Ramu Enterprises. The film stars Chiranjeevi Sarja and Ragini Dwivedi in the lead roles. Noted composer Chakri scored the music. Plot Krishna (Chiranjeevi) is a poor college going boy who falls in love with his classmate Nandini (Ragini). Nandini is the daughter of a rich landlord Shankare Gowda (Devaraj). Both fall in love and seeks approval from their parents. Nandini's father is much against the alliance and disapproves the relationship. The rest of the story deals with the methods adopted by Krishna to win over Nandini's family with the help of his friend SMS (Raghu) who has a solution for every issue that Krishna faces. Cast Chiranjeevi Sarja as Krishna Ragini Dwivedi as Nandini Devaraj as Shankare Gowda Rangayana Raghu as SMS Sharath Lohitashwa Ramesh Bhat Aruna Balaraj Kashi Jim ravi Sathyajith Kempegowda Dombara Krishna Suresh Pavan Benaka Vaijanath Biradar Suryanarayana waali Honnavalli Krishna Production Ramu, the head of Ramu Enterprises, teamed up with the Telugu film writer Akul Shiva to direct his debut Kannada film in late 2008. He roped in actor Chiranjeevi Sarja to play the lead role. Actress Ragini Dwivedi was also approached and signed into the team. The film was announced to be basically set in a college campus background. The unit shot two songs in and around Singapore for about eight days. Soundtrack Music was Composed by Chakri and launched on Anand Audio Video. Release The film released on 30 July 2010 across Karnataka. Reception Upon release, the film generally met with average reviews from the critics and audience. Sify in its review Noted "'Gandedhe' is a predictable fare with just some good fight scenes thrown in." OneIndia in its review said "Gandedhe has superb fight sequence, but has an age old story. It lacks freshness, which might disappoint the movie goers." References External links Indiaglitz Review Gandedhe Songs list Category:2010 films Category:Indian films Category:Kannada-language films Category:Indian action films Category:Indian romance films Category:2010s romance films Category:Films shot in Singapore Category:2010s Kannada-language films Category:Romantic action films

Mount Skook Davidson

Mount Skook Davidson, , is a mountain in the Kechika Ranges of the Cassiar Mountains in far northern British Columbia, Canada. It overlooks the [[Diamond J Ranch]], which was founded by John Ogilvie Davidson, known as "Skook" Davidson or "Skookum" Davidson because of his stature (big and strong, see skookum). Davidson was a notable local pioneer who worked as a land surveyor before taking up packing and guiding and ranching in this area. He helped discover and select the route for the Alaska Highway. See also List of Chinook Jargon placenames Prominence Its topographic prominence is 1361m above its col at Denetiah Lake. References Category:Mountains of British Columbia Category:Liard Country Category:Cassiar Mountains

Sulikot

Barpak Sulikot is a Rural Municipaliy in Gorkha District in the Gandaki Zone of northern-central Nepal. After merging of 7 village development committee, it's called Barpak Sulikot References Category:Populated places in Gorkha District

Guam Football Association

The Guam Football Association is the governing body of association football in the United States territory of Guam. Association staff References External links Official website Guam at the FIFA website. Guam at the AFC website. Category:Football in Guam Guam Football Category:Sports organizations established in 1975 Category:1975 establishments in Guam

Yandaminta, New South Wales

Yandaminta Parish is a remote rural locality and civil parish of Evelyn County, New South Wales in far northwest New South Wales. The geography of the Parish is mostly the flat, arid landscape of the Channel Country. The nearest town is Tibooburra to the north, which is on the Silver City Highway and lies south of the Sturt National Park. The Parish is named for Yandaminta Creek which flows through the area. References Category:Parishes of Evelyn County Category:Localities in New South Wales

2007 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix

The 2007 Italian motorcycle Grand Prix was the sixth round of the 2007 MotoGP championship. It took place on the weekend of 1–3 June 2007 at the Mugello Circuit. MotoGP classification 250 cc classification 125 cc classification Championship standings after the race (MotoGP) Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round six has concluded. Riders' Championship standings Constructors' Championship standings Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings. References Category:Italian motorcycle Grand Prix Italian Motorcycle Grand Prix