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1
Who died first, Erich Haenisch or William Pooley?
William Pooley
[ "Hans Hömberg( 14 December 1903 – 4 July 1982) was a German playwright, journalist, novelist and screenwriter.Hömberg worked occasionally on feature film scripts, and supplied the idea for Alexis Granowsky's 1931 comedy film\" The Trunks of Mr. O.F.\"( 1931).Hömberg enjoyed a successful stage career, his biggest hit being\" Cherries for Rome\"( 1940) although he faced censorship issues with some of his works.During the Nazi era he also wrote film reviews.He wrote the novelisation of the controversial anti-Semitic 1940 film\" Jud Süß\" directed by Veit Harlan.", "Luigi Cozzi( born 7 September 1947) is an Italian film director and screenwriter.At a young age, Cozzi became a fan of science fiction and began his career as an overseas correspondent for Western film magazines.After directing his first film\" The Tunnel Under the World\", Cozzi befriended director Dario Argento and began working with him in film and television as well as directing his own features including\" Hercules\" as well as continuing work with Argento.In the 2010s, he returned to directing with the film\" Blood on Méliès' Moon\".", "Péter Tímár( born 19 December 1950) is a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.He has directed 14 films since 1985.His 1989 film\" Before the Bat's Flight Is Done\" was entered into the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.His 1999 film was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.His 2001 film\" Blind Guys\" was entered into the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival.", "Wilfred Noy (born Wilfred Noy Blumberg, 24 December 1883 – 29 March 1948) was an English film director, actor, screenwriter and producer of the silent era.Noy was the maternal uncle of Leslie Howard.He directed 89 films between 1910 and 1936.He also appeared in 18 films between 1924 and 1939.In 1925 he went to the United States to make \"The Lost Chord\", a remake of one of his earlier British hits.He stayed to make several more films in America during the late 1920s before returning to Britain.He was born in South Kensington, London and died in Worthing, Sussex.", "The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States has been criticized on several grounds.It s use in government funded schools has been the most controversial, as critics contend that a government- sanctioned endorsement of religion violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.Arguments against the pledge include that the pledge itself is incompatible with democracy and freedom, pledges of allegiance are features of totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany, and that the pledge was written to honor Christopher Columbus and to sell flags.", "Apachita( Aymara for the place of transit of an important pass in the principal routes of the Andes; name for a stone cairn in the Andes, a little pile of rocks built along the trail in the high mountains,\" three streams( or crevices)\", also spelled\" Apacheta\") is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes.It is located in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Colquiri Municipality.Apachita lies southwest of Kimsa Q'awa.", "Lee Albert Miglin( July 12, 1924 – May 4, 1997) was an American business tycoon and philanthropist.After starting his career as a door- to- door salesman and then broker, Miglin became a successful real estate developer.He was murdered in his home in May 1997 by Andrew Cunanan, a serial killer who had already killed two men, killed a fourth after Miglin and lastly, shot and killed Italian fashion designer Gianni Versace in Miami Beach, Florida.", "Mario Laserna Pinzón (August 21, 1923 – July 16, 2013) was a Colombian educator and politician born in Paris of Colombian parents.Laserna Pinzón is credited for being the founder of the Los Andes University in Bogotá, which was incorporated in 1948 and is a private institution modeled on the United States liberal arts educational system.He also served as Senator of Colombia, and Ambassador to France and Austria and is an author of several books.", "Dinky Toys was the brand name for a range of die-cast zamac zinc alloy miniature vehicles produced byMeccano Ltd. They were made in England from 1934 to 1979, at a factory in Binns Road in Liverpool.Dinky Toys were among the most popular diecast vehicles ever made – pre-dating other popular diecast marques, including Corgi, Matchbox and Mattel's Hot Wheels (Ralston 2009, 7; Richardson 1999, 128).", "Frederick Robert Williamson( born March 5, 1938), also known as The Hammer, is an American actor and former professional American football defensive back who played mainly in the American Football League during the 1960s.Williamson is perhaps best known for his film career, starring as Tommy Gibbs in the 1973 crime drama film\" Black Caesar\" and its sequel\" Hell Up in Harlem\".Williamson also had other notable roles in other 1970s blaxploitation films such as\" Hammer\"( 1972),\" That Man Bolt\"( 1973) and\" Three the Hard Way\"( 1974).", "Smim Maru( or; d. 1384) was a general of the Royal Hanthawaddy Army, and a pretender to the Hanthawaddy throne.Son of a court official, Maru rose to the upper echelons of the Hanthawaddy court by marrying Princess Tala Mi Thiri.He then became a close ally and alleged lover of Princess- Regent Maha Dewi.He was executed on the order of his brother- in- law King Razadarit in 1384.", "Pao Chouk Saw is the story of a girl who was once an angel and later became a human for a particular reason.In order to return to her sisters as an angel again, she has to live in the human world with regular human beings for 17 whole months.She then ends up falling in love with a regular guy.But soon he has to leave her behind for a war without knowing that she is actually an angel taking form of a human being and that she can change back to an angel any time soon after he leaves for the war.He leaves having no idea that once he return from war, she may be gone forever.", "Dead or Alive: Final is a 2002 Japanese cyberpunk science fiction film directed by Takashi Miike.It is the third in a three- part series, preceded by\" Dead or Alive\" in 1999 and in 2000.The films are not connected in any apparent way except by director Takashi Miike and stars Riki Takeuchi and Show Aikawa.Besides Japanese, much of the dialog in the film is in Cantonese and some is in English.Often two people will talk to each other using different languages.", "William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton PC, PC( I)( d. 24 March 1741), was a British politician and judge, of the Bruton branch of the Berkeley family.He was Master of the Rolls in Ireland between 1696 and 1731 and also held political office as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1710 to 1714 and as First Lord of Trade from 1714 to 1715.", "Anthemius (– 11 July 472) was Western Roman Emperor from 467 to 472.Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: the resurgent Visigoths, under Euric, whose domain straddled the Pyrenees; and the unvanquished Vandals, under Geiseric, in undisputed control of North Africa.Anthemius was killed by Ricimer, his own general of Gothic descent, who contested power with him.", "Erich Haenisch (27 August 1880, Berlin – 21 December 1966, Stuttgart) was a German sinologist and first-degree cousin of politician Konrad Haenisch.He was the academic teacher of George Kennedy (Yale).During World War II., Haenisch was the only German sinologist who actively intervened with the Nazi government on behalf of his colleague Henri Maspero, who had been arrested by the Gestapo and taken to Buchenwald, since his son was a member of the resistance.Since Haenisch did not receive support by his German colleagues, he could not save Maspero, who died in Buchenwald on March 17, 1945.", "Edward James Gill( August 7, 1895 – October 10, 1995) was a Major League Baseball pitcher who appeared in sixteen games, with two starts, for the Washington Senators in. From 1916 to 1919, Gill played college baseball for Holy Cross, where he was coached by baseball hall of famer Jesse Burkett.In 1916 and 1917, he played summer baseball for the Hyannis town team in what is now the Cape Cod Baseball League.At Hyannis, he pitched a no-hit, no- run game where he did not allow a ball to be hit to the outfield.", "Adela of Champagne( c. 1140 – 4 June 1206), also known as Adelaide, Alix and Adela of Blois, was Queen of France as the third wife of Louis VII.She was the third child and first daughter of Theobald II, Count of Champagne, and Matilda of Carinthia children and had nine brothers and sisters.She was named after her grandmother, Adela of Normandy.She was regent of France in the absence of her son in 1190.", "Robert G. Vignola( born Rocco Giuseppe Vignola, August 5, 1882 – October 25, 1953) was an Italian- born American actor, screenwriter and film director.A former stage actor, he appeared in many motion pictures produced by Kalem Company and later moved to directing, becoming one of the silent screen's most prolific directors.He also directed a handful of films in the early years of talkies but his career essentially ended in the silent era.", "Adriana of Nassau-Dillenburg (7 February 1449 – 15 January 1477) was a daughter of Count John IV of Nassau-Dillenburg and his wife Maria of Loon-Heinsberg.She died on 15 January 1477 and was buried in the church of St. Mary in Hanau.On her epitaph, she is depicted in a praying position towards the (no longer extant) high altar.This epitaph and her grave stone have been preserved very well.", "To Have and to Hold is a 1916 American silent adventure/ drama film directed by George Melford.Based on the 1900 novel of the same name, the film starred Wallace Reid and Mae Murray in her film debut.The film is based on a novel by Mary Johnston which was turned into a play in 1901 by E. F. Boddington.The Broadway version starred Isabel Irving and Robert Loraine in the lead roles.Also in this play was a 20- year- old actor and aspiring playwright named Cecil B. DeMille.", "Ashok Kumar( 13 October 1911 – 10 December 2001), born Kumudlal Ganguly, and also fondly called Dadamoni, was an Indian film actor who attained iconic status in Indian cinema.He was honoured in 1988 with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the highest national award for cinema artists, by the Government of India and also received the Padma Bhushan in 1999 for his contributions to Indian cinema.He is considered to be one of India's finest actors ever, playing leading, antagonist and character roles with equal panache.", "The Lightship is a 1985 American drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski.The film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer and Robert Duvall, with early appearances from Arliss Howard and William Forsythe.The film is based on the novella \"Das FeuerschiffThe Lightship\" in German) by German author Siegfried Lenz which had previously been made into a 1963 German film of the same title.This was the last film done by CBS Theatrical Films, who had gone out of business in November 1985.Subsequently, this film was distributed by Castle Hill Productions just nine months after the studio's closure.", "In contract bridge, Last Train refers to a bid just below game level in the agreed suit.A Last Train bid is typically made in a bidding sequence in which one of the partners has already indicated slam interest.A survey in the magazine\" The Bridge World\" showed a strong consensus approving the Last Train convention, with the following definition:The convention was both devised by Jeff Meckstroth and named by him after the Monkees song\" Last Train to Clarksville\".Because Last Train is a bidding convention with a special meaning under a partnership agreement, subject to National Regulatory Authority rules it must be.In the absence of any partnership agreement, most players would interpret the Last Train bid as a control bid, showing a high card value in the suit named.", "Dr. Lisa A. Rossbacher, is the president emerita of Southern Polytechnic State University and the outgoing President of Humboldt State University.She served as president of Southern Polytechnic State University from August 1998 to June 30, 2014.A geologist, writer, professor, former Vice Chancellor of the University System of Georgia, and community leader, she is also a past Chair of Metro Atlanta's Cobb Chamber of Commerce, an author of several books on geology, and a Geotimes Magazine columnist.", "Abbé Jacques Testu de Belval( c. 1626, Paris – June 1706) was a French ecclesiastic and poet.Best known for his light poetry, he was also a preacher, translator and king's almoner.He was linked with Madame de Sévigné, Madame de Coulanges, Madame de Brancas, Madame de Schomberg, Madame de La Fayette and Marie- Madeleine de Rochechouart, abbess of Fontevrault Abbey.He was elected to the Académie française in 1665 and received in May that year.", "Blood, Guts, Bullets, and Octane is a 1998 American independent action comedy film written, produced, edited, directed and starring Joe Carnahan.The film stars Carnahan and the film's other producer Dan Leis as two salesman of a failing used car dealership who are paid$ 250,000 to allow a 1963 Pontiac LeMans convertible onto the dealership lot for two days.For years the film was under negotiation for development as a prime time series on NBC by Carnahan and producer Bob Levy.However, the series has not materialized.", "Life Happens( stylized as L!fe Happens) is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Kat Coiro and written by Coiro and Krysten Ritter.The film stars Ritter, Kate Bosworth, Kristen Johnston, Geoff Stults, Jason Biggs, and Rachel Bilson.Ritter plays the main character, Kim, who lives with her two roommates, Deena( Bosworth) and Laura( Bilson), in Los Angeles.Kim becomes pregnant after a one- night stand so she turns to her friends for help.\" Life Happens\" was released theatrically on April 13, 2012.", "The Chico State Wildcats( also CSU Chico Wildcats and Cal State Chico Wildcats) are the athletic teams that represent California State University, Chico, located in Chico, California, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports.The Wildcats compete as an associate member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association for all 13 varsity sports.Since 1998, Chico State ’s athletic teams have won 99 NCAA Championship berths, 40 CCAA titles, 24 West Region titles, and 15 National titles.The school finished third in the 2004–2005 NACDA Director's Cup.", "Olivier Weber (born 1958) is an award-winning French writer, novelist and reporter at large, known primarily for his coverage of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.He has been a war correspondent for twenty-five years, especially in Central Asia, Africa, Middle-East and Iraq.He is an assistant professor at the Institut d'études politiques de Paris, president of the Prize Joseph Kessel and today ambassador of France at large.Weber has won several national and international awards of literature and journalism, in particular for his stories on Afghanistan and for his books on wars.His novels, travels writing books and essays have been translated in a dozen of languages.", "Wenceslaus III Adam of Cieszyn (December 1524 – 4 November 1579) was a Duke of Cieszyn from 1528 until his death.He was the second but only surviving son of Wenceslaus II, co-Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Anna, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.He was born one month after his father's death, on 17 November 1524.", "H. Nagappa was a Janata Dal (United) political leader, two term member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly and minister for agricultural marketing in the J. H. Patel cabinet.He was abducted by forest brigand Veerappan and his gang members on 25 August 2002 from the Kamagere village of Chamarajanagar district.On 8 December 2002, Nagappa was found dead in Changadi forest area near M. M. Hills bordering the state of Tamil Nadu.", "Pelli Sandadi( English: Wedding Bells) is a 1996 Indian Telugu- language musical romance film written, and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao.The family drama stars Srikanth, Ravali and Deepti Bhatnagar.This film was extensively shot in the Konaseema of Andhra Pradesh.It was a major blockbuster of the year 1996.Pelli Sandadi has garnered three state Nandi Awards, and the Filmfare Award Telugu for Best Music.The film was also remade in bollywood as\" Mere Sapno Ki Rani\".", "A Sunday in September is a 1963 Swedish drama film directed by Jörn Donner.It is the first feature- length film directed by Donner.The film follows a man named Stig( played by Thommy Berggren) and a woman named Birgitta( played by Harriet Andersson) through their short- lived marriage.Harriet Andersson was widely praised by critics for her performance.The film was shown at the 24th Venice International Film Festival where it received the Opera Prima prize for best directoral debut.", "Margaret Brown Klapthor( January 16, 1922, Henderson, Kentucky – September 26, 1994, Washington, D.C., USA) was a curator of the Smithsonian's First Ladies collection and an expert on the history of the White House.She served as chairman of the National Museum of American History's Division of Political History.Klapthor developed collections and exhibitions including the First Ladies' Gowns Collection.Her published books include\" The First Ladies cook book\"( 1965),\" First Ladies\"( 1975), and\" Official White House china\"( 1975), all of which have been republished, some in multiple editions.", "Charles II, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen \"(German: Karl II, Graf von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)\" (1547 – 8 April 1606) became Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1576 and remained so until his death.He was the fifth but second surviving son of Charles I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna, daughter of Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.", "Maurice, Count of Saxony (28 October 1696 – 20 November 1750) was a notable soldier and officer as well as the son of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony.He initially served in the Army of the Holy Roman Empire, then the Imperial Army and finally in French service de Saxe became a Marshal and later also a Marshal General of France.He is best known for his decisive victory at the Battle of Fontenoy and is honoured by the Walhalla Memorial.", "Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (19 June 1417 – 7 October 1468) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, a member of the House of Malatesta and lord of Rimini, Fano, and Cesena from 1432.He was widely considered by his contemporaries as one of the most daring military leaders in Italy and commanded the Venetian forces in the 1465 campaign against the Ottoman Empire.He was also a poet and patron of the arts.", "Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy- drama in which film producer Amy Hobby made her directorial debut.Karl Geary wrote the film and Tanya Ryno was the film's producer.The music was composed by Ryan Shore.The film was shot in Sligo, Ireland, which is known locally as\" Coney Island\".The film was screened at the Newport International Film Festival.Hobby won the Jury Award for\" Best First Time Director\".The film made its premiere television broadcast on the Sundance Channel.", "Post Master (Kannada: ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್) is a 1964 Indian Kannada film, directed and produced by G. V. Iyer.The film stars B. M. Venkatesh, G. V. Shivaraj, Vandhana and Balakrishna in the lead roles.The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar.", "Aanaval Mothiram( Malayalam: ആനവാൽ മോതിരം) is a 1991 Malayalam film directed by G. S. Vijayan, written by T. Damodaran, and starring Sreenivasan, Suresh Gopi, Saranya Ponvannan, and Jagathy Sreekumar.The plot is loosely based on the 1990 film\" Short Time\".", "George Pack Jr.( 1794 in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada – April 15, 1875 in Pack's Mills, Michigan) was a businessman, landowner, sawmill operator, and postmaster on the Lower Peninsula of Michigan.The town of Pack's Mills of which he was also postmaster, was named after him.Pack's son, George Willis Pack; grandson, Charles Lathrop Pack; and great- grandson, Randolph Greene Pack were to follow him in the timber business in Michigan, New York and beyond.", "Sultan Cem or Cem Sultan (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495) , also referred to as \"Jem Sultan\", or \"Zizim\" by the French, was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century.Cem was the third son of Sultan Mehmed II and younger half-brother of Sultan Bayezid II, and thus a half-uncle of Sultan SelimI of Ottoman Empire.After being defeated by Bayezid, Cem went on exile in Egypt and Europe, under the protection of the Mamluks, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John on the island of Rhodes, and ultimately the Pope.", "Roman Kryklia( born October 11, 1991) is a Ukrainian kickboxer who competes in the heavyweight division.Kryklia is the first and current ONE Kickboxing Light Heavyweight World Champion.He was the SUPERKOMBAT World Grand Prix Tournament Runner- Up in 2015, when he lost the final to Tarik Khbabez.Four years later, he knocked Khbabez out at the.As of 1 December 2019, Kryklia is ranked the# 2 heavyweight in the world by Combat Press.", "Hans Jura( 21 March 1921 in Vienna – 25 November 1996 in Bad Ischl) was an Austrian cinematographer, most famous for his collaborations with the erotic film director Radley Metzger.In the 1940s, Jura trained in photography and film.After World War II he began his career as a cameraman for short documentary films.In 1963, he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his work on and, in 1964, the same award again for\" The River Line\".From 1988, Jura lived in Munich and worked as cameraman for the Wiener Musikverein before moving back to Bad Ischl.", "Philip Ford( October 16, 1900 – January 12, 1976) was an American film director and actor.He directed 43 films between 1945 and 1964.He also appeared 16 in films between 1916 and 1926.He was the son of actor/ director Francis Ford and the nephew of director John Ford.He was born with the family name Feeney in Portland, Maine, and only later took on the family name of\" Ford\" after his father and uncle had.He died in Los Angeles, California.", "Hugh de Beauchamp was an Anglo- Norman feudal lord of Abergavenny in the Welsh Marches in the late 12th century.Hugh was a member of the large Beauchamp dynasty but his parentage is as yet unknown or unproven.Hugh became lord of Abergavenny after the deaths without issue of the sons of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford.Hugh in turn died or was killed around 1173, when Abergavenny Castle was seized by the Welsh.", "The January Man is a 1989 comedy-thriller film, directed by Pat O'Connor from a screenplay by John Patrick Shanley.The film stars Kevin Kline as Nick Starkey, a smart ex-NYPD detective who is lured back into service by his police commissioner brother (Harvey Keitel) when a serial killer terrorizes the city.Nick becomes involved with the mayor's daughter (Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio) and is aided in his investigation by his neighbor, Ed, an artist (Alan Rickman).", "Sir William Pooley( died 5 August 1629) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1621 and 1629.Pooley was of Boxted, Suffolk and was knighted by James I. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Preston.He was elected MP for both Preston and Sudbury in 1624 and chose to sit for Sudbury.In 1626 he was elected MP for Wigan.He was elected MP for Sudbury again in 1628 and sat until 1629 when King Charles decided to rule without parliament, and then did so for eleven years.His daughter Judith married Sir Humphrey May", "Nilavu: English: Moonlight) is a 2010 Malayalam romantic film written and directed by Ajith Nair.Nilavu is the soul touching story of an indefinable relationship between two lonely individuals, who meet by chance.The whole film revolves around the strange bond that develops between them and how their relationship evolves.Krishnan Haridas as' Hari' and Sunita Nedungadi as' Lakshmi' bring to life the emotional complexities of expatriate life in the Gulf.", "Marianne Wiggins( born September 8, 1947) is an American author.The characters and storylines in her novels have been described as unusual.According to\" The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English\", Wiggins writes with\" a bold intelligence and an ear for hidden comedy.\"She has won a Whiting Award, an National Endowment for the Arts award and the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize.She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 2004 for her novel\" Evidence of Things Unseen\"", "Kamikaze 1989 is a 1982 West German cyberpunk thriller film co-written and directed by Wolf Gremm, based on the 1964 novel \"Murder on the Thirty-First Floor\" by Per Wahlöö.It stars Rainer Werner Fassbinder as a detective investigating a string of bombings that lead to a corporate media conspiracy.At the Festival Internacional de Cinema do Porto, Fantasporto, for 1984, the film won the Critic's Award and received a nomination for the International Fantasy Film Award.", "Frankenstein and the Monster From Hell is a 1974 British horror film, directed by Terence Fisher and produced by Hammer Film Productions.It stars Peter Cushing, Shane Briant and David Prowse.Filmed at Elstree Studios in 1972 but not released until 1974, it was the final chapter in the\" Hammer Frankenstein\" saga of films as well as director Fisher's last film.The film was released on UK DVD+ Blu- ray on 28 April 2014, with all previously censored scenes restored.", "Thirst for Love( Ai no kawaki) is a 1967 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara, starring Nobuo Nakamura and Ruriko Asaoka.It is also known as Longing for Love and The Thirst for Love.It tells the story of a young widow who becomes the mistress of her wealthy father- in- law.The film is based on the novel\" Thirst for Love\" by Yukio Mishima.", "Theobald II (6/7 December 1239 – 4/5 December 1270) was King of Navarre and also, as Theobald V, Count of Champagne and Brie, from 1253 until his death.He was the son and successor of Theobald I and the second Navarrese monarch of the House of Blois.After he died childless, the throne of Navarre passed to his younger brother, Henry I.", "Áine Furey is an Irish singer.She is the daughter of the uileann piper Finbar Furey and the sister of Martin Furey.She and Martin founded a band called Bohinta in 1992.They had a top-ten hit in France, from the album \"Excalibur\", featuring Jean Reno as Merlin.Bohinta released two albums, \"Sessions\" and \"Belladonna\".Furey has dueted with Martin and has accompanied others on various releases.She is a graduate of University College Cork.", "Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby and 8th Baron Welles( died 19 March 1470), was the son of Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles, and Joan Willoughby, 7th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.He was the prime mover in an uprising against Edward IV in 1470, although his actions were possibly orchestrated by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.", "Frank Watkin( 30 March 1904 – 26 January 1979) was an English footballer who played at centre -forward for Congleton Town, Stoke City, and Port Vale.He won the Third Division North title with both Stoke and Vale, but never nailed down a regular first team place despite scoring a combined total of 12 goals in 18 league games for the two clubs.His brother, Arthur Watkin, was also a footballer who played for Stoke.", "Prince Munetaka (宗尊親王) (December 15, 1242 – September 2, 1274) was the sixth \"shōgun\" of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan who reigned from 1252 to 1266.He was the first son of the Emperor Go-Saga and replaced the deposed Fujiwara no Yoritsugu as \"shōgun\" at the age of ten.He was a puppet ruler controlled by the Hōjō clan regents.The deposed \"shōgun\" became a Buddhist monk in 1272.His priestly name was Gyōshō.He was a writer of Waka poetry.", "The Robin Hood of El Dorado is a western film directed by William A. Wellman for MGM in 1936.The film stars Warner Baxter as real life Mexican folk hero Joaquin Murrieta and Ann Loring as his love interest, with Bruce Cabot as Bill Warren.J. Carrol Naish portrays Murrietta's notorious nemesis,\" Three- Fingered Jack\".The movie portrays Joaquin Murrietta as the Robin Hood of Old California in 1850, a kind, gentle man who was driven to violence.Wellman made it a hard- hitting story about racial prejudice and violence by both sides — Murrietta and his Mexican band and the white settlers." ]
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Are Puka Punchu (Puno) and Yaritani (Peru) located in the same country?
yes
[ "H. Nagappa was a Janata Dal (United) political leader, two term member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly and minister for agricultural marketing in the J. H. Patel cabinet.He was abducted by forest brigand Veerappan and his gang members on 25 August 2002 from the Kamagere village of Chamarajanagar district.On 8 December 2002, Nagappa was found dead in Changadi forest area near M. M. Hills bordering the state of Tamil Nadu.", "Dinky Toys was the brand name for a range of die-cast zamac zinc alloy miniature vehicles produced byMeccano Ltd. They were made in England from 1934 to 1979, at a factory in Binns Road in Liverpool.Dinky Toys were among the most popular diecast vehicles ever made – pre-dating other popular diecast marques, including Corgi, Matchbox and Mattel's Hot Wheels (Ralston 2009, 7; Richardson 1999, 128).", "\"I Wish\" is a song by English singer Gabrielle.It was written by Gabrielle and Jon Douglas for her debut album \"Find Your Way\" (1993), while production was helmed by Douglas.Released as the album's third single, the song was not as successful as its predecessors \"Dreams\" and \"Going Nowhere\", which both reached the top ten of the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 26.In North America, \"I Wish\" reached number 52 in the United States and number 76 in Canada.", "Louisa Manners Tollemache, 7th Countess of Dysart (2 July 1745 – 22 September 1840) was a peer in the Scottish peerage in a burgeoning family.Her father held considerable estates in England largely due to the two marriages of Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale, earlier Tollemache, earlier Murray.Her elder brothers left no surviving issue on their deaths which enabled her to enjoy and help to pass on to her descendants the key family settlement properties: Helmingham Hall and Ham House in England.", "\" Bloody Mary( Nerve Endings)\", often referred to as just\" Bloody Mary\", is an indie rock song performed by American alternative rock music group Silversun Pickups.The song was written by Silversun Pickups, and produced by Jacknife Lee.It serves as the lead- off single to their third studio album,\" Neck of the Woods\", which was released on May 8, 2012.The song reached the top ten of the\" Billboard\" Alternative Songs chart in May 2012, peaking at number seven in June.", "Alan Poza is a 2013 Nigerian romantic comedy film written, produced and directed by Charles Novia and starring OC Ukeje as Alan Poza.It received 2 nominations at the 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards.OC Ukeje also won a Best Of Nollywood Awards for his leading role as Alan Poza.The plot follows Alan Poza (Ukeje), music executive label play boy, who schemes his way into the hearts of several women within and outside the media company he works for, in a bid to lure them into his bed.His various emotional escapades eventually lead him to trouble as one of his 'victims' is unable to handle the heartbreak he has caused her.", "Maria Amelia Dziewulska( 1 June 190918 April 2006) was a Polish composer, music theoretician and music educator.She was born in Warsaw and studied music theory at the State Conservatoire in Warsaw from 1928 to 1933 with Kazimierz Sikorski.She studied special effects for radio, film and recording in London and worked as a music arranger for the BBC and Decca from 1936 to 1937.She then took a position as professor of Music Theory at the Academy of Music in Warsaw, later becoming dean.She died in Warsaw in 2006.", "Péter Tímár( born 19 December 1950) is a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.He has directed 14 films since 1985.His 1989 film\" Before the Bat's Flight Is Done\" was entered into the 39th Berlin International Film Festival.His 1999 film was entered into the 21st Moscow International Film Festival.His 2001 film\" Blind Guys\" was entered into the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival.", "Mario Laserna Pinzón (August 21, 1923 – July 16, 2013) was a Colombian educator and politician born in Paris of Colombian parents.Laserna Pinzón is credited for being the founder of the Los Andes University in Bogotá, which was incorporated in 1948 and is a private institution modeled on the United States liberal arts educational system.He also served as Senator of Colombia, and Ambassador to France and Austria and is an author of several books.", "Hugh Douglas, Earl of Ormonde( died 1455) was a Scottish Soldier and nobleman, a member of the powerful Black Douglases.He was the fourth son of James the Gross, 7th Earl of Douglas and his wife Beatrice, daughter of Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney.He was a younger brother of William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas, Archibald Douglas, Earl of Moray and older to John Douglas, Lord of Balvenie.", "Margaret (or Margaretha) of Soissons (died ca. 1350) was ruling Countess of Soissons in 1305-1344.She was the only daughter of Hugh, Count of Soissons, and Johanna of Argies.In 1306 she succeeded her father as Countess of Soissons.Margaret was married to John of Beaumont, son of John II, Count of Holland.Margaret and John had five children:\nUpon their marriage, John became Count of Soissons, \"jure uxoris\".", "Raat Aur Din is a 1967 Indian Hindi- language psychological film directed by Satyen Bose.The leading actress, Nargis, won the distinguished National Film Award for Best Actress for her role as Varuna, a married woman who has dissociative identity disorder.By day, she is a typical Hindi homemaker, whilst at night she calls herself Peggy and walks the streets of Calcutta.The film won critical acclaim for its story and Nargis' performance as Varuna.Over the years it has developed a cult following.This film marked Nargis' final film appearance.", "Queen Mojong was a wife of Geodeung of Geumgwan Gaya, the second king of Gaya confederacy.She gave birth of the third king, Mapum of Geumgwan Gaya.She was a daughter of Sin Po who was attendant of Heo Hwang- ok for her marriage from India.In\" Hwarang Segi\", she was recorded as Sin Po ’s daughter, but in\" Samgungnyusa\", she was recorded as Sin Po ’s wife.", "Cindy Lou Ady is a Canadian politician and was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.She served in this capacity from the 2001 provincial election, being re-elected in both the 2004 provincial election and 2008 provincial election, until the 2012 election, sitting as a Progressive Conservative.From 2008 to 2011, she served as the Minister of the Tourism, Parks and Recreation department in the Ed Stelmach government.On March 5, 2012, Ady announced that she would not seek re-election in the upcoming provincial general election.", "Ostitto is a 2016 Bangladeshi romantic drama film directed by Anonno Mamun and produced by Carlos Saleh under the Dream Box LTD. banner.The film stars Nusrat Imrose Tisha as an intellectually- disabled girl and Arifin Shuvoo as her mentor.The film's plot centers on the love story of two youths, and the struggle of a mentor who helps intellectually- disabled children to win an Olympic medal.\" Ostitto\" was released on 6 May 2016 in Bangladesh.The film received positive reviews from critics, who praised its performance and execution.The director announced in 2017 Ostitto 2 will be released with new faces.", "When the Love Is Gone is a 2013 Filipino romantic drama film directed by Andoy Ranay and starring Cristine Reyes, Gabby Concepcion, Alice Dixson, Andi Eigenmann, and Jake Cuenca.The film is distributed by Viva Films with co-production of Multivision Pictures and was released November 27, 2013 nationwide as part of Viva Films' 32nd anniversary.The film is a remake of the 1983 blockbuster film\" Nagalit ang Buwan sa Haba ng Gabi\" by Danny Zialcita which stars Laurice Guillen, Gloria Diaz, Dindo Fernando, Janice de Belen, and Eddie Garcia.", "Puka Punchu( Quechua\" puka\" red,\" punchu\" poncho,\" red poncho\" or\" silver ravine\", Hispanicized spelling\" Pucapuncho\") is a mountain in the Andes of Peru, about high.It is situated in the Puno Region, Lampa Province, on the border of the districts of Ocuviri and Santa Lucía.Puka Punchu lies southeast of Qullqi Q'awa.", "Philip Ford( October 16, 1900 – January 12, 1976) was an American film director and actor.He directed 43 films between 1945 and 1964.He also appeared 16 in films between 1916 and 1926.He was the son of actor/ director Francis Ford and the nephew of director John Ford.He was born with the family name Feeney in Portland, Maine, and only later took on the family name of\" Ford\" after his father and uncle had.He died in Los Angeles, California.", "Ermengarde or Ermengard, Irmgard (died 1283) was Duchess of Limburg from 1279 to 1283.Her parents were Judith of Kleve and Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg.She was named after her paternal grandmother.It is possible she was the only child of her parents, but is also equally possibleshe had a younger sister Sophia.Ermengarde married countReginald I of Guelders, but they were childless.Ermengarde died in 1283.", "Little Darlings is a 1980 American teen comedy-drama film starring Tatum O'Neal and Kristy McNichol and featuring Armand Assante and Matt Dillon.It was directed by Ronald F. Maxwell.The screenplay was written by Kimi Peck and Dalene Young and the original music score was composed by Charles Fox.The film was marketed with the tagline\"Don't let the title fool you\", a reference to a scene in which Randy comments on Angel's name, to which Angel replies, \"Don't let the name fool you.\"Critic Roger Ebert said of the film that it \"somehow does succeed in treating the awesome and scary subject of sexual initiation with some of the dignity it deserves.\"", "Pál Gábor (2 November 1932 – 21 October 1987) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.He directed 20 films between 1962 and 1987.In 1979, he was a member of the jury at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.His most famous work was 1978's \"Angi Vera\", about a woman in a re-education camp in post-war Hungary.His films usually focused on the concerns of people in communist Hungary.", "Theobald II (6/7 December 1239 – 4/5 December 1270) was King of Navarre and also, as Theobald V, Count of Champagne and Brie, from 1253 until his death.He was the son and successor of Theobald I and the second Navarrese monarch of the House of Blois.After he died childless, the throne of Navarre passed to his younger brother, Henry I.", "Anthemius (– 11 July 472) was Western Roman Emperor from 467 to 472.Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: the resurgent Visigoths, under Euric, whose domain straddled the Pyrenees; and the unvanquished Vandals, under Geiseric, in undisputed control of North Africa.Anthemius was killed by Ricimer, his own general of Gothic descent, who contested power with him.", "Rattanbai\" Ruttie\" Jinnah,( born as Rattanbai Petit, 1900- 1929) was the second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah—an important figure in the creation of Pakistan and the country's founder.The couple's only daughter and child was Dina Wadia, who died in 2017.Rattanbai was the daughter of Lady Dina Petit and Sir Dinshaw Petit 2nd Baronet Petit, who in turn, was the son of Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, a member of the Petit family and the founder of the first cotton mills in India.", "Chrissie Fit( born April 3, 1984) is an American actress and singer.In 2007, Fit rose to prominence after she was cast as the character Mercedes Juarez in the medical drama,\" General Hospital\".She is also known for her role as CheeChee in the DCOMs\" Teen Beach Movie\" and\" Teen Beach 2\", and for her role as Florencia\" Flo\" Fuentes in\" Pitch Perfect 2\" and\" Pitch Perfect 3\".", "George Roy Hill( December 20, 1921 – December 27, 2002) was an American film director.He is most noted for directing such films as\" Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid\"( 1969) and\" The Sting\"( 1973), both starring the acting duo Paul Newman and Robert Redford.Other Hill films include:\" Slaughterhouse- Five The World According to Garp The World of Henry Orient HawaiiThoroughly Modern Millie The Great Waldo PepperSlap ShotFunny FarmA Little Romance\", and\" The Little Drummer Girl\".", "Maude Smith Gagnon( born 1980) is a Quebec poet.She was born in the Basse- Côte- Nord region of Quebec and studied at the Université du Québec à Montréal.Her first collection of poetry\" Une tonne d’ air\" was awarded the Prix Émile- Nelligan in 2006.Her collection of poems\" Un drap.Une place\" received the Governor General's Award for French- language poetry in 2012.", "P. J. Abbott( born May 28, 1964, in Bloomington, Indiana) is an American race car driver.In 2004, he drove in two races in the Infiniti Pro Series for Michael Crawford Motorsports.Prior to that, he competed in US SCCA Formula Mazda and SCCA Formula Atlantic.He also raced in the NASCAR West Series four times in 2004 and 2005.His best finish in the series was 13th place at Stockton 99 Speedway.", "Pelli Sandadi( English: Wedding Bells) is a 1996 Indian Telugu- language musical romance film written, and directed by K. Raghavendra Rao.The family drama stars Srikanth, Ravali and Deepti Bhatnagar.This film was extensively shot in the Konaseema of Andhra Pradesh.It was a major blockbuster of the year 1996.Pelli Sandadi has garnered three state Nandi Awards, and the Filmfare Award Telugu for Best Music.The film was also remade in bollywood as\" Mere Sapno Ki Rani\".", "Martim Afonso Telo de Meneses (died in Toro, 26 January 1356), was a Portuguese nobleman, member of the Téllez de Meneses lineage, and the father of Leonor Teles, queen consort of Portugal.His parents were Afonso Telles de Meneses, called \"el Raposo\", vassal of King Afonso IV of Portugal, and Berengáira Lourenço de Valadares, daughter of Lourenço Soares de Valadares and Sancha Nunes de Chacím.", "Derek Trent( born March 21, 1980) is an American former competitive pair skater.He competed for most of his career with Tiffany Vise.On November 17, 2007, Vise and Trent landed the first clean throw quadruple salchow jump in international competition.They officially became the first team to perform that element in international competition.Because Vise spun and jumped in the clockwise direction and Trent in the counter- clockwise direction.They were a mirror pair.", "Rachael Yamagata (born September 23, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist from Arlington, Virginia.She began her musical career with the band Bumpus before becoming a solo artist and releasing five EPs and four studio albums.Her songs have appeared on numerous television shows and she has collaborated with Jason Mraz, Rhett Miller, Bright Eyes, Ryan Adams, Toots and the Maytals and Ray Lamontagne.", "Henrik Selberg (17 February 1906 – 3 September 1993) was a Norwegian mathematician.He was born in Bergen as the son of Ole Michael Ludvigsen Selberg and Anna Kristina Brigtsdatter Skeie.He was a brother of Sigmund, Arne and Atle Selberg.He was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1962 to 1973.He is best known for his works on complex functions and potential theory.", "Eva Elisabet von Bahr( born December 17, 1968) is a Swedish make- up artist and hair stylist.She is best known for her works in( 2007),\" The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo\"( 2011),\" The 100- Year- Old Man Who Climbed Out the Window and Disappeared\"( 2013), and\" A Man Called Ove\"( 2015).She received her first Oscar nomination Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling at the 88th Academy Awards along with Love Larson.", "Prince Hermann of Saxe- Weimar- Eisenach( 14 February 1886 – 6 June 1964) was a member of the House of Saxe- Weimar- Eisenach.He was heir to his relative William Ernest, Grand Duke of Saxe- Weimar- Eisenach until 1909, when he was disinherited of his royal status.From that point onwards, Hermann was commonly referred to with the lesser style, Count Ostheim.", "Nancy Schwartzman is an American director, producer, and mobile app developer, and the CEO of Circle of 6. Schwartzman directed the 2009 documentary The Line, which premiered at the International Women's Film Festival in Tel Aviv.As a mobile app developer, she worked together with Thomas Cabus, Christine Moran, and Deb Levine to create the Circle of 6 app.Schwartzman also worked on the social media advertising campaigns for the documentary films, The Invisible War and Girl Model.", "The Lightship is a 1985 American drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski.The film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer and Robert Duvall, with early appearances from Arliss Howard and William Forsythe.The film is based on the novella \"Das FeuerschiffThe Lightship\" in German) by German author Siegfried Lenz which had previously been made into a 1963 German film of the same title.This was the last film done by CBS Theatrical Films, who had gone out of business in November 1985.Subsequently, this film was distributed by Castle Hill Productions just nine months after the studio's closure.", "Terror Trap( stylized in some countries as Vacancy 3), is a 2010 American horror film.It was written and directed by Dan Garcia who pleaded guilty in 2013 to a Motion Picture Tax Scam after orchestrating a scheme to defraud the State of Louisiana ’s Motion Picture Industry Development Tax Credit Program.Filming took place in Louisiana.The film stars David James Elliott, Michael Madsen and Jeff Fahey.Movie tagline is\" Once you check in, there's no escape ...\".The film is similar to the 2008 film,\" Vacancy\" which also features a couple being terrorized by a motel's owner and his employees while being recorded.", "Thirst for Love( Ai no kawaki) is a 1967 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara, starring Nobuo Nakamura and Ruriko Asaoka.It is also known as Longing for Love and The Thirst for Love.It tells the story of a young widow who becomes the mistress of her wealthy father- in- law.The film is based on the novel\" Thirst for Love\" by Yukio Mishima.", "Suvarna Sethuve( English:\" Golden Bridge\") is a 1982 Indian Kannada film, directed by Geethapriya and produced by B. P. Baliga, B. S. Baliga and B. M. Baliga.The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Aarathi, Baby Rekha and Dinesh in the lead roles.The musical score was composed by Vijaya Bhaskar.The film was adapted from the novel of the same name by H. G. Radhadevi.", "Abbé Jacques Testu de Belval( c. 1626, Paris – June 1706) was a French ecclesiastic and poet.Best known for his light poetry, he was also a preacher, translator and king's almoner.He was linked with Madame de Sévigné, Madame de Coulanges, Madame de Brancas, Madame de Schomberg, Madame de La Fayette and Marie- Madeleine de Rochechouart, abbess of Fontevrault Abbey.He was elected to the Académie française in 1665 and received in May that year.", "William Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley of Stratton PC, PC( I)( d. 24 March 1741), was a British politician and judge, of the Bruton branch of the Berkeley family.He was Master of the Rolls in Ireland between 1696 and 1731 and also held political office as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1710 to 1714 and as First Lord of Trade from 1714 to 1715.", "Bodhi Magazine is a 72- page internationally distributed full- color glossy format Buddhist periodical that is issued on a quarterly basis.First printed in 1997, its content is created by and for Nyingma and Kagyu sanghas.Snow Lion Publications has dubbed the magazine\" the voice of Nalandabodhi in Seattle\", as it features many articles, songs, and poems by the renowned tulkus Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, and the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa, as well as from other teachers associated with the Nalandabodhi sangha.", "Jason Paul Laxamana( born September 21, 1987) is a Filipino writer, director and book author.He studied at the University of the Philippines Diliman, receiving a B.A. in Broadcast Communication.His film\" Astro Mayabang\" received a Special Mention and the Audience Choice Award at the 2010 Cinema One Originals Film Festival.He directed Kapampangan short films and music videos before his first feature in 2010 and organized workshops and film festivals in his home province of Pampanga.", "Bumin Qaghan , Bumın Kagan or Illig Qaghan(Chinese: 伊利可汗, Pinyin:Yīlì Kèhán, Wade–Giles:i-li k'o-han, died 552 AD) was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate.He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu (吐務 / 吐务).He was the chieftain of the Turks under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate.He is also mentioned as \"Tumen\" (commander of ten thousand) of the Rouran Khaganate.", "Prince Hubertus of Hohenlohe- Langenburg( born 2 February 1959 in Mexico City as Hubertus Rudolph zu Hohenlohe- Langenburg) is a Mexican Alpine skier, photographer, businessman, and a pop singer known as Andy Himalaya and Royal Disaster.He belongs to a family which reigned over a principality in what is now the northeastern of Baden- Württemberg in Germany until the early 19th century.", "Jonathan Adam Saunders Baruchel( born April 9, 1982) is a Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter.He is known for his voice role as Hiccup in the\" How to Train Your Dragon\" franchise, and for his roles in comedy movies such as\" Knocked UpTropic ThunderFanboy s She's Out of My LeagueGoonThis Is the End\" and the action- fantasy film\" The Sorcerer's Apprentice\".He played lead character Josh Greenberg in the FXX comedy television series\" Man Seeking Woman\" and played the lead character Steven Karp in Judd Apatow's comedy series\" Undeclared\".", "Engal Aasan is a 2009 Tamil action comedy- drama film directed by R. K. Kalaimani.The film starring Vijayakanth in the lead role and Vikranth, Sheryl Brindo, Akshaya and Suja Varunee playing supporting roles.It began its first schedule on 12 March 2008 and released in July 2009.The film, upon release could not release the big theatres and became a colossal flop.It was dubbed in Telugu as\" Captain\".", "\" It's Here\" is the first single from Kim Wilde's 1990 album\" Love Moves\", and her first release of the new decade.Wilde was the most charted and biggest- selling British female soloist of the 1980s, and had ended that decade with the release of her biggest- selling album,\" Close\", and its accompanying string of hit singles.Although the new single and album did not match that success,\" It's Here\" became a moderate hit in some countries.Both the single and its B-side,\" Virtual World\"( an exclusive non-album track) were extended for the 12\" and CD- single formats.", "Dave Tinelt is a heavy metal music vocalist with Mortal Sin and Nekrofeist.Tinelt was born in Port Kembla, New South Wales( born 1974) and grew up in the Wollongong suburb of Bellambi.Tinelt knew he wanted to be in a metal band when he was 12 – 13 years old.He joined his first metal band Stentorian as the drummer.In March 2012, Tinelt was announced as the new lead singer of Mortal Sin. and fronted the band for a number of gigs before it broke up.", "Way Down East is a 1935 American romantic drama film directed by Henry King and starring Rochelle Hudson, Henry Fonda, Slim Summerville, Margaret Hamilton, Andy Devine and Spring Byington.It was released by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox Film Corporation.The picture is a remake of the classic 1920 D. W. Griffith silent film \"Way Down East\" starring Lillian Gish, which in turn was based on the 1897 stage play by Lottie Blair Parker.", "John G. Stephenson( 1809 in County Armagh, Ireland- 1893 in New Rochelle, N.Y.), an American coachbuilder, invented and patented the first streetcar to run on rails in the United States.Stephenson also designed the New York and Harlem Railroad which was formally opened on 26 November 1832.Twelve days later a horse- drawn streetcar built at Stephenson's works and named\" John Mason\" after the president of the railroad company, started the public service.Stephenson is therefore remembered as the creator of the tramway.Stephenson was the great- grandfather of Alan Stephenson Boyd, the first United States Secretary of Transportation.", "Pao Chouk Saw is the story of a girl who was once an angel and later became a human for a particular reason.In order to return to her sisters as an angel again, she has to live in the human world with regular human beings for 17 whole months.She then ends up falling in love with a regular guy.But soon he has to leave her behind for a war without knowing that she is actually an angel taking form of a human being and that she can change back to an angel any time soon after he leaves for the war.He leaves having no idea that once he return from war, she may be gone forever.", "Anne Hill Carter Lee (March 26, 1773 – June 26, 1829) was the wife of the ninth governor of Virginia, Henry Lee III, and the mother of the general-in-chief of the Confederate States of America, Robert E. Lee.As a separated wife and then as a widow, she was the head of her household at Lee Corner, Alexandria, Virginia, in what is now known as the Robert E. Lee Boyhood Home.Her chronic pain and straightened circumstances play a significant role in her son Robert's biography.", "Smiles of a Summer Night is a 1955 Swedish comedy film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman.It was shown at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival.In 2005\" TIME\" magazine ranked it one of the 100 greatest films since 1923.The film's plot — which involves some couples who switch partners on a summer night—has been adapted many times, particularly as the theatrical musical\" A Little Night Music\" by Stephen Sondheim, Hugh Wheeler and Harold Prince, which opened on Broadway in 1973, and as Woody Allen's film\" A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy\"( 1982).", "Yaritani(\" yarita\" local name for\" Azorella compacta\", Aymara\"- ni\" a suffix to indicate ownership,\" the one with\" yarita) is a mountain in the Peruvian Andes, about high.It is located in the Moquegua Region, Mariscal Nieto Province, Carumas District.Yaritani lies west of Q'iwiri, northwest of Ch'iyar Jaqhi and south of Pinkilluni.", "Priscilla Andreia Stevaux Carnaval( born in Sorocaba) is a Brazilian female BMX rider, representing her nation at international competitions.She has been part of the Brazilian team since 2010, and the following year she was sixth in the junior category of the 2011 UCI BMX World Championships.Carnaval has since competed in the Elite Women category of the UCI BMX World Championships in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and represented her country in the 2016 Olympics Brazil hosted.", "George Nassau Clavering- Cowper, 3rd Earl Cowper( 1738 – 22 December 1789) was an English peer who went on the Grand Tour as a young man, but actually emigrated.Despite becoming a member of parliament and inheriting lands and the title of Earl Cowper in England, he remained in Italy.He amassed a valuable art collection and became a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.He was a patron of the arts and science.", "\"Am I Wrong\" is a 2000 house song by Étienne de Crécy.The track is mainly instrumental except for sampling the phrase \"am I wrong\" from Millie Jackson's voice singing \"Am I wrong to hunger...\", from the song \"(If Loving You Is Wrong)I Don't Want to Be Right\".The song was lead single from his album \"Tempovision\", and its 3D animated video received wide airplay in Europe.\"Am I Wrong\" charted on European dance and house charts, and peaked at #44 in the UK Singles Chart in January 2001.The song is best remembered for its prize-winning video clip.", "Ruth Mulan Chu Chao (March 19, 1930 – August 2, 2007) was the matriarch of a Chinese-American philanthropic family.In 2016, Harvard Business School dedicated the Ruth Mulan Chu Chao Center in her honor, making it the first building at the business school named for a woman and an Asian American.Four of Chao's six daughters attended the business school, including the former United States Secretary of Labor and current U.S. Secretary of Transportation, Elaine Chao." ]
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Who was born earlier, Fana Kochovska or Michael Gurstein?
Fana Kochovska
[ "Baroness Karoline Jagemann von Heygendorff( 25 January 1777, in Weimar – 10 July 1848, in Dresden) was a major German tragedienne and singer.Her great roles included Elizabeth in\" Mary Stuart\"( 1800) and Beatrice in\" The Bride of Messina\"( 1803).She is also notable as a mistress of Karl August, Grand Duke of Saxe- Weimar- Eisenach, the father of her three children.Both she and Karl August had their portraits painted by Heinrich Christoph Kolbe.", "Ricardo García is an American criminal defense attorney and an advocate for criminal justice reform.Garcia is currently the public defender for the Los Angeles County Public Defender's office, the largest public defender's office in the United States.Garcia is Los Angeles County's eleventh Public Defender and LA County's first Latino Public Defender.Garcia has served as an adjunct professor at California Western School of Law and on the faculty at the Shechmeister Death Penalty College at Santa Clara University.", "Janise Yntema( born March 29, 1962) is an American painter working in the ancient wax encaustic technique.Yntema was born in New Jersey and attended Parsons School of Design and the Art Students League of New York.She has had solo exhibitions in New York and throughout the United States as well as London, Amsterdam and Brussels.Her works are in the collections of several museums in Europe and the United States, including the Museum of Modern Art and Metropolitan Museum of Art.She works and lives in Brussels, Belgium.", "Thirst for Love( Ai no kawaki) is a 1967 Japanese drama film directed by Koreyoshi Kurahara, starring Nobuo Nakamura and Ruriko Asaoka.It is also known as Longing for Love and The Thirst for Love.It tells the story of a young widow who becomes the mistress of her wealthy father- in- law.The film is based on the novel\" Thirst for Love\" by Yukio Mishima.", "Henrik Selberg (17 February 1906 – 3 September 1993) was a Norwegian mathematician.He was born in Bergen as the son of Ole Michael Ludvigsen Selberg and Anna Kristina Brigtsdatter Skeie.He was a brother of Sigmund, Arne and Atle Selberg.He was appointed professor at the University of Oslo from 1962 to 1973.He is best known for his works on complex functions and potential theory.", "Catherine of Masovia( pl:\" Katarzyna mazowiecka\"; 1413/16 – betw.2 June 1479/5 July 1480) was a Polish princess member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch.She was the eighth and youngest daughter of Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia and Alexandra, a daughter of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania and sister of King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland.", "Philip of Castile (Seville, 28 May 1292 – Madrid, April 1327), was an \"infante of Castile\", son of Sancho IV of Castile and María de Molina.He was Lord of Cabrera and Ribera and regent of his nephew Alfonso XI of Castile.He married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda, daughter of Alfonso de la Cerda.", "David Caesar (born 1963) is an Australian television and film director and writer.He grew up in Turlinjah on the south coast of NSW and attended school in nearby Moruya where he was school captain in his senior year.Caesar graduated from the Australian Film Television and Radio School in 1987.He won an AWGIE and best director at Shanghai Film Festival for his film MULLET.He won a Queensland Premiers Literary award for the screenplay for PRIME MOVER in 2008.", "Kamikaze 1989 is a 1982 West German cyberpunk thriller film co-written and directed by Wolf Gremm, based on the 1964 novel \"Murder on the Thirty-First Floor\" by Per Wahlöö.It stars Rainer Werner Fassbinder as a detective investigating a string of bombings that lead to a corporate media conspiracy.At the Festival Internacional de Cinema do Porto, Fantasporto, for 1984, the film won the Critic's Award and received a nomination for the International Fantasy Film Award.", "Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk( sometimes translated to English as\" Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn till Dusk\") is a 1997 memoir book by Aleksandr Korzhakov, former head of Boris Yeltsin's security.In it Korzhakov describes eleven years of his service and the personality of his patron, first president of Russia.Yeltsin is portrayed as a heavy- drinker who hides his health problems.Yeltsin and Korzhakov split acrimoniously when Yeltsin fired him in June 1996.In 2004 next part of the book\" Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk.Afterword\" was published.", "Post Master (Kannada: ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್) is a 1964 Indian Kannada film, directed and produced by G. V. Iyer.The film stars B. M. Venkatesh, G. V. Shivaraj, Vandhana and Balakrishna in the lead roles.The film has musical score by Vijaya Bhaskar.", "\"Everyday Is Christmas\" is a song written by Roxanne Seeman and Philipp Steinke.It was recorded by Jacky Cheung on his \"Private Corner\" album, released on January 29, 2010, by Universal Music.\"Everyday Is Christmas\" was recorded again by Earth, Wind & Fire on their \"Holiday\" album (as \"Every Day Is Like Christmas\"), released October 21, 2014 by Legacy Recordings, Sony Music.", "Talentime is a 2009 Malaysian drama film written and directed by Yasmin Ahmad.Yasmin, in her blog, has described it\" as a story full of joy and pain, hope and despair, a host of beautifully- written songs, and rich characters\".A Hindu open cremation and a scene reminiscent of the 2001 Kampung Medan riots are included in the film.The film was released on 26 March 2009 in Malaysia and marks Yasmin's last feature film prior to her death on 25 July 2009.", "A Demon for Trouble is a 1934 American black- and- white action/ adventure/ romance short film directed by Robert F. Hill and produced by A. W. Hackel for Supreme Pictures.It stars Bob Steele, Don Alvarado, Gloria Shea, and Nick Stuart and was released in the United States on August 10, 1934.Bob Steele had just left Monogram Pictures.The film was the first of an eight picture contract he signed with Sam Katzman's Supreme Pictures.", "Credit to the Nation are an English hip hop group, who had chart success in the 1990s and are best known for their Nirvana- sampling single\" Call It What You Want\".The band is fronted by Matty Hanson( a.k.a. MC Fusion) and was initially noted for fusing a conscious hip hop style with political elements taken from the British left- wing and anarchist movements.Following their initial split in 1998, the band reformed in 2011.", "Michael Gurstein (October 2, 1944 – October 8, 2017) was a Canadian best known for his work in the development and definition of community informatics as the area of research and practice concerned with enabling and empowering communities through the use of information and communications technology.He was a native of Edmonton, Alberta, but grew up in Melfort, Saskatchewan and did his first degree at the University of Saskatchewan in Philosophy and Politics.Gurstein held a PhD in Social Science from Cambridge University.", "Hans Jura( 21 March 1921 in Vienna – 25 November 1996 in Bad Ischl) was an Austrian cinematographer, most famous for his collaborations with the erotic film director Radley Metzger.In the 1940s, Jura trained in photography and film.After World War II he began his career as a cameraman for short documentary films.In 1963, he was awarded the Filmband in Gold for his work on and, in 1964, the same award again for\" The River Line\".From 1988, Jura lived in Munich and worked as cameraman for the Wiener Musikverein before moving back to Bad Ischl.", "Catherine of Taranto( sometimes Caterina d' Enghien del Balzo Orsini) was the daughter of Mary of Enghien and Raimondo del Balzo Orsini di Nola and sister of Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini.She married the knight Tristan de Clermont( 1380 –), a member of the French family of Clermont- Lodève, who became Count of Copertino as part of her dowry.She and Tristan had two daughters:", "Ratna Malla was the first independent king of Kantipur.He was one of the six sons of Jayayakshya Malla.On the death of his father in 1482, he and his brothers attempted to rule collegially.However, Ratna Malla decided to become an independent ruler and created the Kingdom of Kantipur, with its capital in Kathmandu, in 1484.He was the first Nepalese king to invite Kashmiri Muslim traders to Kathmandu.His elder brother, Raya Malla, was the King of Bhaktapur.", "Smim Maru( or; d. 1384) was a general of the Royal Hanthawaddy Army, and a pretender to the Hanthawaddy throne.Son of a court official, Maru rose to the upper echelons of the Hanthawaddy court by marrying Princess Tala Mi Thiri.He then became a close ally and alleged lover of Princess- Regent Maha Dewi.He was executed on the order of his brother- in- law King Razadarit in 1384.", "Jean Hatton( born 1922) was an Australian singer and actor who was under contract to Cinesound Productions in the 1930s.She was discovered in a Deanna Durbin talent quest and cast as Cecil Kellaway's daughter in\" Mr. Chedworth Steps Out\"( 1939), singing several songs.She was subsequently cast in\" Come Up Smiling\"( 1939).During filming she fell down two flights of stairs and was injured, causing filming to be delayed, but she recovered.She later performed in concerts and radio and was generally advertised as\" Australia's Deanna Durbin\".", "The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States has been criticized on several grounds.It s use in government funded schools has been the most controversial, as critics contend that a government- sanctioned endorsement of religion violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.Arguments against the pledge include that the pledge itself is incompatible with democracy and freedom, pledges of allegiance are features of totalitarian states such as Nazi Germany, and that the pledge was written to honor Christopher Columbus and to sell flags.", "Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels (17 March 1708 – 25 January 1760), was a Duchess consort of Courland.She married the Duke of Courland, Ferdinand Kettler, on 20 September 1730.She was the daughter of Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach.The marriage was childless.", "Luigi Cozzi( born 7 September 1947) is an Italian film director and screenwriter.At a young age, Cozzi became a fan of science fiction and began his career as an overseas correspondent for Western film magazines.After directing his first film\" The Tunnel Under the World\", Cozzi befriended director Dario Argento and began working with him in film and television as well as directing his own features including\" Hercules\" as well as continuing work with Argento.In the 2010s, he returned to directing with the film\" Blood on Méliès' Moon\".", "Merton of the Movies is a 1947 comedy film, based on the 1922 novel of the same name written by Harry Leon Wilson, and the play of the same name written by George S. Kaufmann and Marc Connelly, which opened on Broadway in 1922.It was previously adapted as a 1924 silent film and as the 1932 film\" Make Me a Star\").The 1947 version stars Red Skelton and is directed by choreographer Robert Alton in his directorial debut.", "Olivier Martinez( born 12 January 1966) is a French film actor.He became known after roles in several French films such as\" Un, deux, trois, soleil\"( 1993), which garnered him the César Award for\" Most Promising Actor The Horseman on the Roof\"( 1995), and\" The Chambermaid on the Titanic\"( 1997).He has also appeared in Hollywood- produced features, including the drama\" Before Night Falls\"( 2000), the erotic thriller\" Unfaithful\"( 2002) and playing the role of a French drug lord in the action- crime- thriller\" S.W.A.T.\"( 2003).", "The Lightship is a 1985 American drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski.The film stars Klaus Maria Brandauer and Robert Duvall, with early appearances from Arliss Howard and William Forsythe.The film is based on the novella \"Das FeuerschiffThe Lightship\" in German) by German author Siegfried Lenz which had previously been made into a 1963 German film of the same title.This was the last film done by CBS Theatrical Films, who had gone out of business in November 1985.Subsequently, this film was distributed by Castle Hill Productions just nine months after the studio's closure.", "Frederick Robert Williamson( born March 5, 1938), also known as The Hammer, is an American actor and former professional American football defensive back who played mainly in the American Football League during the 1960s.Williamson is perhaps best known for his film career, starring as Tommy Gibbs in the 1973 crime drama film\" Black Caesar\" and its sequel\" Hell Up in Harlem\".Williamson also had other notable roles in other 1970s blaxploitation films such as\" Hammer\"( 1972),\" That Man Bolt\"( 1973) and\" Three the Hard Way\"( 1974).", "John G. Stephenson( 1809 in County Armagh, Ireland- 1893 in New Rochelle, N.Y.), an American coachbuilder, invented and patented the first streetcar to run on rails in the United States.Stephenson also designed the New York and Harlem Railroad which was formally opened on 26 November 1832.Twelve days later a horse- drawn streetcar built at Stephenson's works and named\" John Mason\" after the president of the railroad company, started the public service.Stephenson is therefore remembered as the creator of the tramway.Stephenson was the great- grandfather of Alan Stephenson Boyd, the first United States Secretary of Transportation.", "The first Charles Powell Leslie( 1731 – 1800), known also as Charles Powell Leslie I, was the son of Robert and Frances( née Rogerson) Leslie.He was member of the Irish Parliament for Hillsborough( 1771 – 1776) and Monaghan County( 1783 – 1800).In 1765 he married Prudence Penelope, daughter of Arthur Hill- Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon, with whom he had two sons, Charles Powell( II) and John.In 1785 he married Mary Anne( née Tench) with whom he had one son.", "H. Nagappa was a Janata Dal (United) political leader, two term member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly and minister for agricultural marketing in the J. H. Patel cabinet.He was abducted by forest brigand Veerappan and his gang members on 25 August 2002 from the Kamagere village of Chamarajanagar district.On 8 December 2002, Nagappa was found dead in Changadi forest area near M. M. Hills bordering the state of Tamil Nadu.", "The Masked Rider is a 1919 American drama western film serial directed by Aubrey M. Kennedy.Scenes were filmed in Texas and Mexico.The serial was considered to be lost in entirety.However, most episodes have been found, although many are incomplete.\" The Masked Rider\" is considered to be the first film serial about a masked cowboy.The 15- episode serial is also significant for being the earliest surviving film appearance of actor Boris Karloff.", "ArlingtonWest: The Film is a 2006 documentary about the Iraq War by Peter Dudar and Sally Marr.The title refers to Arlington West, the\" temporary cemeteries\" in Santa Barbara and Santa Monica, California which serve as memorials to those who have been killed in Iraq.The film features 105 interviews, mostly with young soldiers who have served in Iraq, talking about their experiences there.It also features members of\" Gold Star Families for Peace,\" whose sons or daughters died in Iraq.Among these parents are Cindy Sheehan, Fernando Suarez, Jane Bright, Bill Mitchell, Vickie Castro, Nadia McCaffrey, and Karen Meredith.", "The Whales of August is a 1987 American drama film directed by Lindsay Anderson and starring Bette Davis and Lillian Gish as elderly sisters.Also in the cast were Ann Sothern as one of their friends, and Vincent Price as a peripheral member of the former Russian aristocracy.The story is based on the play of the same name by David Berry.The film was shot on location on Maine's Cliff Island.The house still stands and is a popular subject of artists on the island.In this film Lillian Gish and Ann Sothern played their final film roles.", "It's Not What You Say ... It's How You SayIt is the sixth studio album by Bay Area rapper Mac Dre released on November 20, 2001.\" Mac Dre's It's Not What You Say ... It's How You SayIt is another collection of hardcore rap from the underground.Guest stars include Richie Rich, Keak da Sneak, and several others.Fans of his previous work will probably enjoy this just fine, while new listeners can at least get a glimpse into the underground West Coast scene.\"~ Bradley Torreano, Allmusic", "God's Gun (also known as Diamante Lobo) is a 1976 Italian–Israeli Spaghetti Western filmed in Israel directed by Gianfranco Parolini (credited as Frank Kramer) and starring Lee Van Cleef, Jack Palance, Leif Garrett and Sybil Danning.Palance plays the head of a malicious group of bandits and Van Cleef plays a double-role of brothers: a priest and a reformed gunfighter determined to stop them.Leif Garrett plays the main character in the film as Johnny, a fatherless kid who brings the reformed gunfighter to town.", "Alan Poza is a 2013 Nigerian romantic comedy film written, produced and directed by Charles Novia and starring OC Ukeje as Alan Poza.It received 2 nominations at the 9th Africa Movie Academy Awards.OC Ukeje also won a Best Of Nollywood Awards for his leading role as Alan Poza.The plot follows Alan Poza (Ukeje), music executive label play boy, who schemes his way into the hearts of several women within and outside the media company he works for, in a bid to lure them into his bed.His various emotional escapades eventually lead him to trouble as one of his 'victims' is unable to handle the heartbreak he has caused her.", "Cadillac Man is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Roger Donaldson, starring Robin Williams and Tim Robbins.The plot of the film centers around car salesman Joey O'Brien( Williams) whose life is consumed by turmoil, which all comes to a head when his dealership is taken hostage by Larry( Robbins), a crazed motorcyclist.The film received mixed reviews from critics and performed poorly at the box office, grossing$ 27.6 million against its$ 15 million budget.", "Charles II, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen \"(German: Karl II, Graf von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)\" (1547 – 8 April 1606) became Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1576 and remained so until his death.He was the fifth but second surviving son of Charles I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna, daughter of Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.", "Margaret Brown Klapthor( January 16, 1922, Henderson, Kentucky – September 26, 1994, Washington, D.C., USA) was a curator of the Smithsonian's First Ladies collection and an expert on the history of the White House.She served as chairman of the National Museum of American History's Division of Political History.Klapthor developed collections and exhibitions including the First Ladies' Gowns Collection.Her published books include\" The First Ladies cook book\"( 1965),\" First Ladies\"( 1975), and\" Official White House china\"( 1975), all of which have been republished, some in multiple editions.", "Casoria Contemporary Art Museum is located in Casoria in the Province of Naples, Italy.In 2003 the comune approached Antonio Manfredi, a local artist and advocate of international contemporary art, as part of an initiative of local revitalization under the banner \"Una città per l'arte\".The museum was founded in 2005 and has an exhibition space of 3,500 m, largely devoted to its permanent collection of some thousand works by international artists.In April 2012 the museum began burning its collection in protest at the impact of austerity measures introduced in response to the nation's debt crisis, which have had a particularly adverse effect on arts funding.", "Assent of faith or full assent of faith is belief in Roman Catholic dogma, shown by obedience of faith.The exemplar of obedience of faith is the Virgin Mary, who assented to the Word of God at the Annunciation:\" Let it be done to me according to your word.\"Assent of faith does not rest\" on a mass of probabilities\" but on God, and the Church can and does demand assent of faith to her judgments, as is her right and duty.", "Juan Domingo Méndez de Haro y Fernández de Córdoba (Madrid, 25 November 1640 – Madrid, 2 February 1716) was a Spanish military and political figure.He was the son of Don Luis Méndez de Haro, 6th Marquis of Carpio, Prime Minister to King Philip IV of Spain, and of Doña Catalina Fernández de Córdoba.", "Rising Low is Mike Gordon's second feature film – a documentary based on the life and death of Gov't Mule bassist Allen Woody and the making of a double- disc tribute album featuring a host of legendary bass players.Throughout the film, Gordon interviews Woody's family and bandmates and also discusses the philosophy and technique of bass playing with a number of the instrument's legends, including Chris Squire, Les Claypool, John Entwistle, Flea, Bootsy Collins, Mike Watt, Roger Glover and others.See also\" The Deep End, Volume 1 The Deep End, Volume 2\"", "The Mexican Spitfire's Baby is a 1941 American comedy film directed by Leslie Goodwins and written by Charles E. Roberts and Jerome Cady.It is the sequel to the 1940 film\" Mexican Spitfire Out West\".The film stars Lupe Vélez, Leon Errol, Charles' Buddy' Rogers, ZaSu Pitts, Elisabeth Risdon and Fritz Feld.The film was released on November 28, 1941, by RKO Pictures.", "Demonic Toys is a 1992 American Direct- to- video horror comedy film produced by Charles Band's Full Moon Entertainment and directed by Peter Manoogian.The film centers on a police officer who is terrorized by the title characters after a botched arrest.Like many other Full Moon releases,\" Demonic Toys\" never had a theatrical release and went straight- to- video in 1992.In the United States, the film was given an\" R\" rating for violence, language, and brief nudity.", "Kyaswa (1198–1251) was king of Pagan dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1235 to 1251.Kyaswa succeeded his father Htilominlo and was even more devout.Kyaswa's reign like his father's was largely peaceful but the depletion of the royal treasury due to large tax-free religious landholdings became more pronounced.The royal treasury was so depleted that Kyaswa had trouble completing a temple.The empire founded by Anawrahta over two centuries earlier was still peaceful but already on its last legs, unprepared for the internal disorders and external forces that were to come.", "Fana Kochovska - Cvetkovik (Lavci village, Bitola, July 27, 1927 - Skopje, April 17, 2004) was a Macedonian communist, fighter and national hero.She was the youngest named National Hero of Yugoslavia.At less than 14 years of age she became a youth activist.In 1942 she was a partisan in the Bitola detachment \"Goce Delchev\" and a youth leader in the troop \"Stiv Naumov\".She participated in the February raid.After WWII, she performed high social and public functions.She died on April 17, 2004 in Skopje.", "Manamagan Thevai\" is a 1957 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by P. S. Ramakrishna Rao.He, along with his wife Bhanumathi, produced the film under their company Bharani Pictures.The film features Bhanumathi and Sivaji Ganesan in the lead roles.It was simultaneously produced in Telugu as Varudu Kaavaali\" with K. Jaggaiah replacing Sivaji Ganesan. \"Manamagan Thevai\" was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.", "Wenceslaus of Żagań (ca. 1434 – 29 April 1488) was a Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1449), from 1449 Duke of Przewóz (as co-ruler of his younger brother).He was the third son of Duke Jan I of Żagań by his wife Scholastika, daughter of Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittemberg and Elector of Saxony.His uncle, Joe II of Żagań, was his guiding mentor through childhood.", "Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels- Bernstadt( also known as:\" Henry Wenceslaus of Poděbrady Henry Wenceslaus of Bernstadt\" or\" Henry Wenceslaus of Münsterberg\",,, or, or; 7 October 1592, probably in Oleśnica – 21 August 1639, probably in Bernstadt) was Duke of Bernstadt from 1617 until his death.He also used the titles of Duke of Münsterberg and Count of Glatz, although he never ruled those territories.From 1629 to 1639 he was Governor of Silesia.", "We Are ...Robin is a finished comic book series published by DC Comics with Lee Bermejo as dual artist and writer, along with other artists Rob Haynes, Jorge Corona, and Khary Randolph.The first issue was released in June 2015 and the last issued in May 2016.It took place after while Bruce Wayne had amnesia and was unable to don his mantle.The name\" We Are ... Robin\" also plays into the current Robin being away from the city, with teens filling in the gap both heroes left.", "Priscilla Andreia Stevaux Carnaval( born in Sorocaba) is a Brazilian female BMX rider, representing her nation at international competitions.She has been part of the Brazilian team since 2010, and the following year she was sixth in the junior category of the 2011 UCI BMX World Championships.Carnaval has since competed in the Elite Women category of the UCI BMX World Championships in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and represented her country in the 2016 Olympics Brazil hosted.", "Blood and Donuts is a 1995 Canadian supernatural horror comedy film directed by Holly Dale, written by Andrew Rai Berzins, and starring Gordon Currie and Helene Clarkson.David Cronenberg plays a cameo role as the local crime boss.The film features a vampire who is accidentally awakened after 25 years of sleep and starts to shyly make contact with the mortal world around him.As he interacts and begins to care for the people around him, he gets mixed up in their problems and they in his.", "P. J. Abbott( born May 28, 1964, in Bloomington, Indiana) is an American race car driver.In 2004, he drove in two races in the Infiniti Pro Series for Michael Crawford Motorsports.Prior to that, he competed in US SCCA Formula Mazda and SCCA Formula Atlantic.He also raced in the NASCAR West Series four times in 2004 and 2005.His best finish in the series was 13th place at Stockton 99 Speedway.", "Casanova Brown is a 1944 American comedy romantic film directed by Sam Wood, written by Nunnally Johnson, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Frank Morgan.The film had its world premiere in western France after the Allies had liberated those territories following the D- Day Invasion.The film is based on the 1927 novel\" An Unmarried Father\" by Floyd Dell and the 1928 play\" Little Accident\" by Dell and Thomas Mitchell, which had been previously filmed by Universal Pictures in 1930 as\" The Little Accident\" and in 1939 as\" Little Accident\".", "Francesca Sterlacci is an American fashion designer, author and entrepreneur.She launched her clothing line,\" Francesca Sterlacci Ltd.\" in 1980, and continued designing clothes under her label until 1989.Sterlacci joined the Fashion Institute of Technology as a teacher in 1990, and became the chairwoman of the Fashion department at the institute in 2001.In 2013, Sterlacci launched\" University of Fashion\", an online library of fashion design videos.", "Michael Anthony Beach( born October 30, 1963) is an American actor.He has appeared in films\" Lean on Me\"( 1989),\" One False Move\"( 1992),\" Short Cuts\"( 1993),\" Waiting to Exhale\"( 1995),\" A Family Thing\"( 1996), and\" Soul Food\"( 1997).On television, he starred as Monte Parker in the NBC drama series\" Third Watch\" from 1999 to 2005.", "Chachacomayoc( possibly from Quechua\" chachakuma\" a medical plant,\" the one with the\" chachakuma\" plant) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high.It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Cusipata District.Chachacomayoc lies southwest of Huasacocha, Jatunrritioc and Yaritani and west of Allcamarina.", "Folk Hero & Funny Guy is a 2016 American comedy film written, directed, and produced by Jeff Grace, in his directorial debut.It stars Alex Karpovsky, Wyatt Russell, Meredith Hagner, Michael Ian Black, Hannah Simone, Heather Morris, Melanie Lynskey, and David Cross.The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16, 2016.It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on May 12, 2017, by Gravitas Ventures." ]
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Which film whose director is younger, Night Of The Creeps or Under The Sky Of Paris?
Night Of The Creeps
[ "Folk Hero & Funny Guy is a 2016 American comedy film written, directed, and produced by Jeff Grace, in his directorial debut.It stars Alex Karpovsky, Wyatt Russell, Meredith Hagner, Michael Ian Black, Hannah Simone, Heather Morris, Melanie Lynskey, and David Cross.The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 16, 2016.It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on May 12, 2017, by Gravitas Ventures.", "Sharqliyya( also spelled Sharqlieh) is a village in central Syria, administratively part of the Homs Governorate, located northwest of Homs.Nearby localities include al- Qabu and al- Shinyah to the west, al- Taybah al- Gharbiyah to the northwest, Taldou to the northeast and Ghur Gharbiyah to the east.According to the Central Bureau of Statistics( CBS), Sharqliyya had a population of 1,362 in the 2004 census.Its current inhabitants are predominantly Alawites and agriculture is the chief source of income for the village.", "Álex Márquez Alentà( born 23 April 1996) is a Spanish Grand Prix motorcycle road racer, and the younger brother of Marc Márquez, who also competes at Grand Prix level.Márquez was the 2012 Spanish Moto3 Championship winner, and won the 2014 Moto3 World Championship at the last round in Valencia.In the process, he and Marc became the first brothers to win world motorcycle racing titles in the same year, a feat that was repeated in 2019 when Alex won the Moto2 championship and Marc the MotoGP championship.", "In contract bridge, Last Train refers to a bid just below game level in the agreed suit.A Last Train bid is typically made in a bidding sequence in which one of the partners has already indicated slam interest.A survey in the magazine\" The Bridge World\" showed a strong consensus approving the Last Train convention, with the following definition:The convention was both devised by Jeff Meckstroth and named by him after the Monkees song\" Last Train to Clarksville\".Because Last Train is a bidding convention with a special meaning under a partnership agreement, subject to National Regulatory Authority rules it must be.In the absence of any partnership agreement, most players would interpret the Last Train bid as a control bid, showing a high card value in the suit named.", "Adriana of Nassau-Dillenburg (7 February 1449 – 15 January 1477) was a daughter of Count John IV of Nassau-Dillenburg and his wife Maria of Loon-Heinsberg.She died on 15 January 1477 and was buried in the church of St. Mary in Hanau.On her epitaph, she is depicted in a praying position towards the (no longer extant) high altar.This epitaph and her grave stone have been preserved very well.", "Little Darlings is a 1980 American teen comedy-drama film starring Tatum O'Neal and Kristy McNichol and featuring Armand Assante and Matt Dillon.It was directed by Ronald F. Maxwell.The screenplay was written by Kimi Peck and Dalene Young and the original music score was composed by Charles Fox.The film was marketed with the tagline\"Don't let the title fool you\", a reference to a scene in which Randy comments on Angel's name, to which Angel replies, \"Don't let the name fool you.\"Critic Roger Ebert said of the film that it \"somehow does succeed in treating the awesome and scary subject of sexual initiation with some of the dignity it deserves.\"", "Catherine of Taranto( sometimes Caterina d' Enghien del Balzo Orsini) was the daughter of Mary of Enghien and Raimondo del Balzo Orsini di Nola and sister of Giovanni Antonio del Balzo Orsini.She married the knight Tristan de Clermont( 1380 –), a member of the French family of Clermont- Lodève, who became Count of Copertino as part of her dowry.She and Tristan had two daughters:", "Life Happens( stylized as L!fe Happens) is a 2011 American comedy film directed by Kat Coiro and written by Coiro and Krysten Ritter.The film stars Ritter, Kate Bosworth, Kristen Johnston, Geoff Stults, Jason Biggs, and Rachel Bilson.Ritter plays the main character, Kim, who lives with her two roommates, Deena( Bosworth) and Laura( Bilson), in Los Angeles.Kim becomes pregnant after a one- night stand so she turns to her friends for help.\" Life Happens\" was released theatrically on April 13, 2012.", "Nammoora Raja (Kannada: ನಮ್ಮೂರ ರಾಜ) is a 1988 Indian Kannada film, directed by H. R. Bhargava.The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Manjula Sharma, Jai Jagadish and Mukhyamantri Chandru in the lead roles.The film has musical score by Rajan-Nagendra.P. Vasu, story writer of this film directed the Tamil remake of this film \"Vaathiyaar Veettu Pillai\".", "Demonic Toys is a 1992 American Direct- to- video horror comedy film produced by Charles Band's Full Moon Entertainment and directed by Peter Manoogian.The film centers on a police officer who is terrorized by the title characters after a botched arrest.Like many other Full Moon releases,\" Demonic Toys\" never had a theatrical release and went straight- to- video in 1992.In the United States, the film was given an\" R\" rating for violence, language, and brief nudity.", "David Carnegie, 2nd Earl of Northesk was born the son of John Carnegie, 1st Earl of Northesk and Magdalen Haliburton before 1627.He died on 12 December 1679.He married Lady Jean Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure, on 19 October 1637 and had seven children:By his third son, Patrick, he is the seventh great- grandfather of the 15th Earl of Northesk.", "Rita Bahuguna Joshi( born 22 July 1949) is an Indian politician and cabinet minister in the Government of Uttar Pradesh.She was the president of the Uttar Pradesh Congress Committee from 2007 to 2012.She is the daughter of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, a former Chief Minister of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.She joined Bharatiya Janata Party on 20 October 2016.She won General Loksabha election, 2019 from Allahabad and Became the Member of Parliament.", "Dui Jibon is a 1998 Bangladeshi drama film directed by Abdullah al Mamun, who also wrote the story.The screenplay and dialogue is written by Jahirul Haque.The film stars Bulbul Ahmed, Kabori Sarwar, Afzal Hossain, Parveen Sultana Diti in leading roles with Neepa Monalisa, Tina Khan, Jahirul Haque, Adil, Amol Bose, Minu Rahman Minoti in supporting roles.In 1988, the film won Bangladesh National Film Award for the best film and another 5 categories.", "\" It's Here\" is the first single from Kim Wilde's 1990 album\" Love Moves\", and her first release of the new decade.Wilde was the most charted and biggest- selling British female soloist of the 1980s, and had ended that decade with the release of her biggest- selling album,\" Close\", and its accompanying string of hit singles.Although the new single and album did not match that success,\" It's Here\" became a moderate hit in some countries.Both the single and its B-side,\" Virtual World\"( an exclusive non-album track) were extended for the 12\" and CD- single formats.", "The Mask of Fu Manchu is a 1932 pre-Code adventure film directed by Charles Brabin.It was written by Irene Kuhn, Edgar Allan Woolf and John Willard based on the 1932 novel of the same name by Sax Rohmer.Starring Boris Karloff as Fu Manchu, and featuring Myrna Loy as his depraved daughter, the movie revolves around Fu Manchu's quest for the golden sword and mask of Genghis Khan.Lewis Stone plays his nemesis.Dr. Petrie is absent from this film.", "We Are ...Robin is a finished comic book series published by DC Comics with Lee Bermejo as dual artist and writer, along with other artists Rob Haynes, Jorge Corona, and Khary Randolph.The first issue was released in June 2015 and the last issued in May 2016.It took place after while Bruce Wayne had amnesia and was unable to don his mantle.The name\" We Are ... Robin\" also plays into the current Robin being away from the city, with teens filling in the gap both heroes left.", "Ram Loevy (Hebrew: רם לוי, born August 1, 1940) is an Israeli television director and screenwriter.He has written and directed and documentary films that challenge the status quo on such issues as class conflict, torture, the prison system, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.In 1993, Loevy was awarded the Israel Prize in Communication, Radio and Television in 1993 for his life's work.Loevy is Professor Emeritus of Cinema and Television at Tel Aviv University.", "Night of the Creeps is a 1986 American science fiction horror comedy film written and directed by Fred Dekker in his feature directorial debut, starring Jason Lively, Jill Whitlow, and Tom Atkins.The film is an earnest attempt at a B movie and an homage to the genre.While the main plot of the film is related to zombies, the film also mixes in takes on slashers and alien invasion films.\" Night of the Creeps\" did not perform well at the box office, but it developed a cult following.", "\" Since When\" is a song by Canadian rock band 54- 40.The song is the first single and title track of the band's eighth studio album,\" Since When\".The song is the highest charting single in the band's history, peaking at No. 11 on the\" RPM\" singles chart in Canada.The song won the award for\" Best Song\" at the West Coast Music Awards, with the song's music video winning the award for\" Best Video\".", "Renny Harlin( born Lauri Mauritz Harjola; 15 March 1959) is a Finnish film director, producer and screenwriter.His films include,\" Die Hard 2 Cliffhanger The Long Kiss Goodnight, Deep Blue Sea\" and\" Devil's Pass.Harlin's movies have earned$ 525,410,873 in the United States and$ 1,160,546,146 in the worldwide aggregate box office as of October 2016, making him the 115th highest- grossing director in the global film market.His film\" Cutthroat Island\" held the Guinness world record for\" Biggest Box- Office Flop of All Time\".", "Engal Aasan is a 2009 Tamil action comedy- drama film directed by R. K. Kalaimani.The film starring Vijayakanth in the lead role and Vikranth, Sheryl Brindo, Akshaya and Suja Varunee playing supporting roles.It began its first schedule on 12 March 2008 and released in July 2009.The film, upon release could not release the big theatres and became a colossal flop.It was dubbed in Telugu as\" Captain\".", "Wenceslaus III Adam of Cieszyn (December 1524 – 4 November 1579) was a Duke of Cieszyn from 1528 until his death.He was the second but only surviving son of Wenceslaus II, co-Duke of Cieszyn, by his wife Anna, daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.He was born one month after his father's death, on 17 November 1524.", "M. K. Muthu is an Indian actor, singer and politician.Muthu is the eldest son of late former Tamil Nadu chief minister M. Karunanidhi.Muthu started acting in 1970 and appeared in films such as \"Pillaiyo PillaiSamayalkaranAnayavilakuIngeyum Manidhargal\" and \"Pookkari\".He also sang a few songs in these films.In 2008, he sang a song for the film \"Mattuthavani\" under music director Deva.", "Blood and Donuts is a 1995 Canadian supernatural horror comedy film directed by Holly Dale, written by Andrew Rai Berzins, and starring Gordon Currie and Helene Clarkson.David Cronenberg plays a cameo role as the local crime boss.The film features a vampire who is accidentally awakened after 25 years of sleep and starts to shyly make contact with the mortal world around him.As he interacts and begins to care for the people around him, he gets mixed up in their problems and they in his.", "Under the Sky of Paris( French: Sous le ciel de Paris) is a 1951 French drama film directed by Julien Duvivier.It was shot at the Billancourt Studios in Paris and on location around the city.The film's sets were designed by the art director René Moulaert.The song of the same name, later recorded by Édith Piaf and others, was written for this film by Hubert Giraud( music) and Jean Dréjac( lyrics).In the film it was sung by Jean Bretonnière.", "Priscilla Andreia Stevaux Carnaval( born in Sorocaba) is a Brazilian female BMX rider, representing her nation at international competitions.She has been part of the Brazilian team since 2010, and the following year she was sixth in the junior category of the 2011 UCI BMX World Championships.Carnaval has since competed in the Elite Women category of the UCI BMX World Championships in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and represented her country in the 2016 Olympics Brazil hosted.", "Pierre Lemonnier( aka\" Petro Lemonnier\")( 28 June 1675 in Saint- Sever – 27 November 1757 in Saint- Germain- en- Laye) was a French astronomer, a Professor of Physics and Philosophy at the Collège d' Harcourt( University of Paris), and a member of the French Academy of Sciences.Lemonnier published the 6- volume Latin university textbook\" Cursus philosophicus ad scholarum usum accommodatus\"( Paris, 1750/ 1754) which consisted of the following volumes( generally consistent with the Ratio Studiorum):He was also the father of Pierre Charles Le Monnier and Louis- Guillaume Le Monnier.", "Iynefer II (\"the beautiful one has come\"; the name is also spelled as Iy-nefer) was an ancient Egyptian prince, likely a son of Pharaoh Khufu.He was named after his uncle Iynefer I. Iynefer II’s wife was Nefertkau III; she was likely his niece, and they had one son (or two sons) and one daughter, Nefertkau.Both Iynefer and his wife are buried in the mastaba G 7820 at Giza.A large, open eye is characteristic of the decoration of Iynefer II’s mastaba.", "Fred Dekker( born April 9, 1959) is an American screenwriter and film director best known for his cult classic horror comedy films\" Night of the Creeps\" and\" The Monster Squad\"( written with Shane Black).He contributed the story ideas for\" House\"( 1986) and\" Ricochet\"( 1991), and also directed and co-wrote\" RoboCop 3\" with Frank Miller.One of his earliest movies was a short film he made in college titled\" Starcruisers\", directed in the early 1980s.", "Gille Brigte or Gilla Brigte mac Fergusa of Galloway( died 1185), also known as\" Gillebrigte Gille BrighdeGilbridgeGilbride\", etc., and most famously known in French sources as Gilbert, was Lord of Galloway of Scotland( from 1161 with Uchtred; 1174 alone, to 1185).Gilla Brigte was one of two sons of the great Fergus, the builder of the\" Kingdom\" of Galloway.", "John G. Stephenson( 1809 in County Armagh, Ireland- 1893 in New Rochelle, N.Y.), an American coachbuilder, invented and patented the first streetcar to run on rails in the United States.Stephenson also designed the New York and Harlem Railroad which was formally opened on 26 November 1832.Twelve days later a horse- drawn streetcar built at Stephenson's works and named\" John Mason\" after the president of the railroad company, started the public service.Stephenson is therefore remembered as the creator of the tramway.Stephenson was the great- grandfather of Alan Stephenson Boyd, the first United States Secretary of Transportation.", "Chrissie Fit( born April 3, 1984) is an American actress and singer.In 2007, Fit rose to prominence after she was cast as the character Mercedes Juarez in the medical drama,\" General Hospital\".She is also known for her role as CheeChee in the DCOMs\" Teen Beach Movie\" and\" Teen Beach 2\", and for her role as Florencia\" Flo\" Fuentes in\" Pitch Perfect 2\" and\" Pitch Perfect 3\".", "Espen Sandberg( born 2 June 1971) is a Norwegian film director and advertising producer, well known to work with his childhood friend and director Joachim Rønning on several projects such as\" Bandidas\"( 2006),( 2008),\" Kon- Tiki\"( 2012) and( 2017).He received a nomination at 85th Academy Awards as well as 70th Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film for directing 2012 movie\" Kon- Tiki\" with Rønning.", "Talentime is a 2009 Malaysian drama film written and directed by Yasmin Ahmad.Yasmin, in her blog, has described it\" as a story full of joy and pain, hope and despair, a host of beautifully- written songs, and rich characters\".A Hindu open cremation and a scene reminiscent of the 2001 Kampung Medan riots are included in the film.The film was released on 26 March 2009 in Malaysia and marks Yasmin's last feature film prior to her death on 25 July 2009.", "Alkohol is a 1919 German silent drama film directed by Ewald André Dupont and Alfred Lind and starring Wilhelm Diegelmann, Ernst Rückert, and Georg H. Schnell.The film was begun by Lind but finished by Dupont.It was his first major melodrama, and represented a breakthrough in his career.The film's theme and setting foreshadow much of his later work.It was one in a series of\" Enlightenment films\" examining social issues, which were produced around the time.It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin.", "Simon Donald is a co-founder and was co-editor of the British comic magazine\" Viz\" until 2003.He set up the magazine in 1979 with his brother Chris from a bedroom in Newcastle.His most famous creation for the magazine is probably Sid the Sexist.When Chris quit as editor in 1999, Simon took up the role of co-editor along with Graham Dury, Simon Thorp, Davey Jones and Alex Collier.He and Alex left the magazine in 2003.", "Alexander Ross Winter (born July 17, 1965) is a British-American actor, film director, and screenwriter, best known for his role as \"Bill S. Preston, Esq.\"in the 1989 film \"Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure\", its 1991 sequel \"Bill & Ted's Bogus Journey\", and a planned sequel \"Bill & Ted Face the Music\".He is also known for his role as Marko in the 1987 vampire film \"The Lost Boys\"; co-writing, co-directing, and starring in the 1993 film \"Freaked\"; and directing documentaries in the 2010s.", "Lionel Roux( born 12 April 1973) is a former tennis player from France, who turned professional in 1991.He was French National Junior champion in 1991, but did n't win a tour- level title( singles or doubles) during his pro career.The right- hander reached his career- high singles ranking on the ATP Tour on 13 March 1995, when he became World No. 48.His best slam performance was reaching the 4th round of the 1998 Australian Open.Roux has also made an appearance in the 2001 French comedy La Tour Montparnasse Infernale.", "Shacsha, Shaqsha,( possibly from Ancash Quechua for jingle bell/ a typical dancer of the Ancash Region), Huantsán Chico or Huanchan is a mountain in the Cordillera Blanca in the Andes of Peru, about high,( other sources cite a height of).It is situated in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province, Olleros District.Shacsha lies southwest of Huantsán, west of Uruashraju and southeast of the town of Huaraz.A nearby small lake to the west is also named Shacsha or Shacshacocha.", "Amir Hossein Arman is an Iranian actor, model and singer.He was born in Tehran.He graduated in the field of Interior_ Design.Amir Hossein Arman attended theater classes in Iran before embarking on his artistic career.He started his professional career with playing a role in the movie\" Marriage, Iranian Style\" directed by Hassan Fathi in 2004.He has performed as a singer in various productions.Arman has played parts in several TV series.In\" Paria\" his role was Keyvan, Paria's( Ladan Mostofi) husband.", "Devil and the Deep is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Marion Gering, based on Maurice Larrouy's novel(\" Sirenes et Tritons\"), and starring Tallulah Bankhead, Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton and Cary Grant.It follows a naval commander who has alienated his wife due to his insane jealousy over every man she speaks to.After his obsessive behavior drives her to the arms of a handsome lieutenant, tragic drama ensues.", "Coady Willis is a drummer and a member of Big Business, White Shit, and the Melvins.Willis previously played in the bands Dead Low Tide, Broadcast Oblivion and The Murder City Devils before Big Business.Willis and Big Business bandmate Jared Warren both appear on the Melvins' albums\"( A) Senile AnimalNude with Boots\" and\" The Bride Screamed Murder\" and have officially been members of the band since moving to Los Angeles in January 2006.He also sometimes plays drums in the live incarnation of Dale Crover's side project Altamont( also his bandmate and fellow drummer in The Melvins).", "Deep Blue Sea 2 is a 2018 American science fiction horror film directed by Darin Scott.It is a stand- alone sequel to the 1999 film\" Deep Blue Sea\", and stars Danielle Savre, Michael Beach, and Rob Mayes.Released direct- to- video on April 17, 2018, a shark conservationist is hired to consult on a top- secret project on genetically- enhanced bull sharks funded by a pharmaceutical billionaire.However, the highly intelligent super- sharks turn on their masters and begin to pick them off one by one.", "Kochavi Shemesh( sometimes spelled\" Kohavi\",; 10 January 1944 – 13 May 2019) was a lawyer, leftist activist, and one of the leaders of the Israeli Black Panthers and the editor of its main publication\" Ha'panter Ha'shachor\".He also helped form the Israeli political party Hadash, which formed as a merger between the Black Panthers, the Israeli Communist Party, and other leftist organizations.", "Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia( 22 August 1903, Mikhailovskoe, Russia – 17 September 1965, Glen Cove, New York) was the younger daughter of Grand Duke George Mihailovich of Russia and Princess Maria Georgievna of Greece and Denmark.She was a granddaughter of George I of Greece and first cousin of the brothers King Alexander I of Greece, King George II of Greece, King Paul I of Greece and their sister Queen Helen, Queen Mother of Romania and also of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.", "Casanova Brown is a 1944 American comedy romantic film directed by Sam Wood, written by Nunnally Johnson, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Frank Morgan.The film had its world premiere in western France after the Allies had liberated those territories following the D- Day Invasion.The film is based on the 1927 novel\" An Unmarried Father\" by Floyd Dell and the 1928 play\" Little Accident\" by Dell and Thomas Mitchell, which had been previously filmed by Universal Pictures in 1930 as\" The Little Accident\" and in 1939 as\" Little Accident\".", "James Stewart( or Stuart), 2nd Lord Doune and 2nd Earl of Moray( c. 1565 – 7 February 1591/ 2) was a Scottish nobleman, the son of James Stewart, 1st Lord Doune and Margaret Campbell.The 2nd Earl was murdered by George Gordon, Earl of Huntly, as the culmination of a vendetta.Known as\" the Bonnie Earl\" for his good looks, he became the subject of a popular ballad,\" The Bonnie Earl of Moray\".", "Hugh de Beauchamp was an Anglo- Norman feudal lord of Abergavenny in the Welsh Marches in the late 12th century.Hugh was a member of the large Beauchamp dynasty but his parentage is as yet unknown or unproven.Hugh became lord of Abergavenny after the deaths without issue of the sons of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford.Hugh in turn died or was killed around 1173, when Abergavenny Castle was seized by the Welsh.", "The Woman Dressed As a Man( French: La femme en homme) is a 1932 French comedy film directed by Augusto Genina and starring Carmen Boni, Armand Bernard and André Dubosc.It was based on a 1925 play by Ugo Falena which had previously been adapted into the 1926 silent film\" The Last Lord\" and was remade in 1945 as\" The Twentieth Duke\".The film's sets were designed by the art director Lazare Meerson.", "Frank Watkin( 30 March 1904 – 26 January 1979) was an English footballer who played at centre -forward for Congleton Town, Stoke City, and Port Vale.He won the Third Division North title with both Stoke and Vale, but never nailed down a regular first team place despite scoring a combined total of 12 goals in 18 league games for the two clubs.His brother, Arthur Watkin, was also a footballer who played for Stoke.", "Way Down East is a 1935 American romantic drama film directed by Henry King and starring Rochelle Hudson, Henry Fonda, Slim Summerville, Margaret Hamilton, Andy Devine and Spring Byington.It was released by 20th Century Fox and produced by Fox Film Corporation.The picture is a remake of the classic 1920 D. W. Griffith silent film \"Way Down East\" starring Lillian Gish, which in turn was based on the 1897 stage play by Lottie Blair Parker.", "\" Jugband Blues\" is a song by the English psychedelic rock band Pink Floyd, and is featured on their second album,\" A Saucerful of Secrets\", released in 1968.Written by Syd Barrett, it was his sole compositional contribution to the album, as well as his last published for the band.Barrett and Pink Floyd's management wanted the song to be released as a single, but were vetoed by the rest of the band and producer Norman Smith.\" Jugband Blues\" is directed towards anyone within Barrett's proximity.", "Martim Afonso Telo de Meneses (died in Toro, 26 January 1356), was a Portuguese nobleman, member of the Téllez de Meneses lineage, and the father of Leonor Teles, queen consort of Portugal.His parents were Afonso Telles de Meneses, called \"el Raposo\", vassal of King Afonso IV of Portugal, and Berengáira Lourenço de Valadares, daughter of Lourenço Soares de Valadares and Sancha Nunes de Chacím.", "Simon GordonJared Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool( born 30 August 1952), is a British crossbench peer.The paternal grandson of Edward Russell, 2nd Baron Russell of Liverpool, he was educated at Charterhouse School, Trinity College, Cambridge, and INSEAD.His maternal grandfather was the Conservative MP Sir Arthur Howard.Having lost his seat in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999, he returned as an elected hereditary peer at a by-election in December 2014.He sits as a crossbencher.", "Julien Duvivier( 8 October 1896, in Lille – 29 October 1967, in Paris) was a French film director.He was prominent in French cinema in the years 1930- 1960.Amongst his most original films, chiefly notable are\" La BanderaPépé le MokoLittle World of Don CamilloPaniqueVoici le temps des assassins\" and.Jean Renoir called him, a\" great technician,[ a] rigorist, a poet\".", "Claudia Yadira Inés Rodríguez is a Colombian Evangelical pastor and politician.She is married to César Castellanos Domínguez, an Evangelical pastor and leader of the International Charismatic Mission Church.She was twice elected to the Senate of Colombia, first from 1991 to 1994, and again from 2006 to 2010; she also served as Ambassador of Colombia to Brazil from 2004 to 2005.", "Nathaniel Wolff Wallich FRS FRSE (28 January 1786 – 28 April 1854) was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India, initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later for the Danish East India Company and the British East India Company.He was involved in the early development of the Calcutta Botanical Garden, describing many new plant species and developing a large herbarium collection which was distributed to collections in Europe.Several of the plants that he collected were named after him.", "Sultan Cem or Cem Sultan (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495) , also referred to as \"Jem Sultan\", or \"Zizim\" by the French, was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century.Cem was the third son of Sultan Mehmed II and younger half-brother of Sultan Bayezid II, and thus a half-uncle of Sultan SelimI of Ottoman Empire.After being defeated by Bayezid, Cem went on exile in Egypt and Europe, under the protection of the Mamluks, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John on the island of Rhodes, and ultimately the Pope.", "Carl Alexander Herzog von Württemberg( Father Odo OSB)( 12 March 1896 – 27 December 1964) was a member of the House of Württemberg who became a Benedictine monk.(\" Herzog von Württemberg\" is German for\" Duke of Württemberg\".)During, and following, the Nazi era he provided aid to refugees, Jews, and prisoners of war, and was reported for these activities to the Nazi rulers of Germany.", "Guy Roger Nzamba( born 13 July 1970) is a former Gabonese footballer, who played as a forward.He also represented the Gabon national football team.Nzamba made his debut in the Football League for Southend United on 20 September 1997, at home to Fulham in the 1–0 victory.He came on as a substitute in the 40th minute for Paul Williams before being substituted himself in the 65th minute for Carl Beeston.He also represented the Gabon national football team on a number of occasions.", "Jean Hatton( born 1922) was an Australian singer and actor who was under contract to Cinesound Productions in the 1930s.She was discovered in a Deanna Durbin talent quest and cast as Cecil Kellaway's daughter in\" Mr. Chedworth Steps Out\"( 1939), singing several songs.She was subsequently cast in\" Come Up Smiling\"( 1939).During filming she fell down two flights of stairs and was injured, causing filming to be delayed, but she recovered.She later performed in concerts and radio and was generally advertised as\" Australia's Deanna Durbin\".", "Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Cochin Haneefa and produced by Muhammed Mannil.The film stars Mammootty, Urvashi, Nedumudi Venu and Ambika in the lead roles.The film has a musical score by Shyam.It was remade in Tamil as \"Paasa Paravaigal\" and in Telugu as \"Anna Chellelu\"." ]
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What nationality is Archduke Leopold Salvator Of Austria's father?
Italian
[ "Emma Christina Tennant FRSL( 20 October 1937 – 21 January 2017) was a British novelist and editor.She was known for a postmodern approach to her fiction, which is often imbued with fantasy or magic.Several of her novels give a feminist or dreamlike twist to classic stories such as\" Two Women of London: The Strange Case of Ms Jekyll and Mrs Hyde\"( from Robert Louis Stevenson ’s\" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde\").She also published work under the name Catherine Aydy.", "Astronauts Gone Wild:Investigation Into the Authenticity of the Moon Landings is a 2004 documentary video produced and directed by Bart Sibrel, a Nashville, Tennessee-based video maker who charges that the six Apollo Moon landings in the 1960s and 1970s were elaborate hoaxes.Sibrel made this video as a follow-up to his 2001 video \"A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Moon\", which accuses NASA of falsifying the Apollo 11 mission photography.The title of the presentation is a wordplay on the \"Girls Gone Wild\" video series.", "Guy II( d. 1057), son of Renaud I, Count of Soissons, and his wife( name unknown), widow of Hilduin III, Count of Montdidier.Count of Soissons.Guy was identified as Count of Soissons in 1042 in a charter in which Gaunilo of Marmoutiers, the treasurer of St. Martin, denoted property.Guy died with his father in 1057 at the siege of Soissons.It is not known whether or not Guy was married and no children are recorded.Upon his death, his sister Adelaide assumed the countship of Soissons.", "Archduke Leopold Salvator, Prince of Tuscany(Leopold Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Franz von Assisi Karl Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Wenzel Galius von Österreich-Toskana)(15 October 1863 – 4 September 1931), was the son of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.", "Frederick Michael, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (Ribeauvillé, Alsace, 27 February 1724 – 15 August 1767 in Schwetzingen) was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty.He was the son of Christian III of Palatinate-Zweibrücken and Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken and a member of the House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld, a branch of the House of Wittelsbach.He was the father of the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph.", "Painted Post station is a historic railway station at Painted Post in Steuben County, New York.It was constructed in 1881– 1882 as a passenger and freight depot for the Delaware, Lackawanna& Western Railroad.It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as the Delaware, Lackawanna& Western Railroad Station.The depot is used as the Painted Post- Erwin Museum at the Depot, a museum of local history that is operated by the Corning- Painted Post Historical Society.The Society also operates the Benjamin Patterson Inn, an early 19th- century period tavern in Corning, New York.", "Stanislav Popov Radonjić or Staniša Stanišić( Станиша Станишић); 1690- 17 March 1758), known as Stano( Стано), was a\" vojvodaserdar\" and the first\" guvernadur\"( governor) of the Prince- Bishopric of Montenegro from 1756 until he died in 1758, serving Metropolitan Sava II Petrović- Njegoš.", "Wilfred Noy (born Wilfred Noy Blumberg, 24 December 1883 – 29 March 1948) was an English film director, actor, screenwriter and producer of the silent era.Noy was the maternal uncle of Leslie Howard.He directed 89 films between 1910 and 1936.He also appeared in 18 films between 1924 and 1939.In 1925 he went to the United States to make \"The Lost Chord\", a remake of one of his earlier British hits.He stayed to make several more films in America during the late 1920s before returning to Britain.He was born in South Kensington, London and died in Worthing, Sussex.", "Adela of Champagne( c. 1140 – 4 June 1206), also known as Adelaide, Alix and Adela of Blois, was Queen of France as the third wife of Louis VII.She was the third child and first daughter of Theobald II, Count of Champagne, and Matilda of Carinthia children and had nine brothers and sisters.She was named after her grandmother, Adela of Normandy.She was regent of France in the absence of her son in 1190.", "Conrad I (c. 1040 – 8 August 1086), Count of Luxembourg, was the first count of Luxembourg (1059–1086), succeeding his father Giselbert of Luxembourg.He was embroiled in an argument with the archbishop of Trier as to the abbaye Saint-Maximin in Trier which he had avowed.The archbishop excommunicated him and Conrad had to make honourable amends and set out on pilgrimage for Jerusalem to have his excommunication lifted.He died in Italy on the return journey.He founded many abbeys:", "Nancy Schwartzman is an American director, producer, and mobile app developer, and the CEO of Circle of 6. Schwartzman directed the 2009 documentary The Line, which premiered at the International Women's Film Festival in Tel Aviv.As a mobile app developer, she worked together with Thomas Cabus, Christine Moran, and Deb Levine to create the Circle of 6 app.Schwartzman also worked on the social media advertising campaigns for the documentary films, The Invisible War and Girl Model.", "Wenceslaus of Żagań (ca. 1434 – 29 April 1488) was a Duke of Żagań-Przewóz since 1439 (with his brothers as co-rulers until 1449), from 1449 Duke of Przewóz (as co-ruler of his younger brother).He was the third son of Duke Jan I of Żagań by his wife Scholastika, daughter of Rudolf III, Duke of Saxe-Wittemberg and Elector of Saxony.His uncle, Joe II of Żagań, was his guiding mentor through childhood.", "Bread, Love and Andalusia (Italian: Pane, amore e Andalusia, Spanish: Pan, amor y Andalucía) is a 1958 Italian-Spanish comedy film directed by Javier Setó and starring Carmen Sevilla, Vittorio De Sica and Vicente Parra.De Sica reprises his role as the Carabinieri officer Carotenuto from \"Bread, Love and Dreams\".He travels to Seville where he falls in love with a beautiful young dancer.", "M. K. Muthu is an Indian actor, singer and politician.Muthu is the eldest son of late former Tamil Nadu chief minister M. Karunanidhi.Muthu started acting in 1970 and appeared in films such as \"Pillaiyo PillaiSamayalkaranAnayavilakuIngeyum Manidhargal\" and \"Pookkari\".He also sang a few songs in these films.In 2008, he sang a song for the film \"Mattuthavani\" under music director Deva.", "10.000 dollari per un massacro( internationally released as\"$ 10.000 Blood Money\" and\" Guns of Violence\") is a 1967 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Romolo Guerrieri.The film was one of the unofficial sequels of\" Django\", and had the working title\" 7 dollari su Django\" 7 Dollars on Django).It was shown as part of a retrospective on Spaghetti Western at the 64th Venice International Film Festival.", "Permission to Land is the debut studio album released by British glam rock band the Darkness.The album was released in the United Kingdom on 7 July 2003 and in the United States on 16 September 2003.The album topped the UK Albums Chart and reached number thirty- six on the American\" Billboard\" 200 chart.Five singles were released from\" Permission to LandGet Your Hands off My WomanGrowing on MeI Believe in a Thing Called LoveChristmas Time( Do n't Let the Bells End)\"( which only appears on the German Christmas edition), and\" Love Is Only a FeelingI Believe in a Thing Called Love\" was the most successful, reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart.", "The Robin Hood of El Dorado is a western film directed by William A. Wellman for MGM in 1936.The film stars Warner Baxter as real life Mexican folk hero Joaquin Murrieta and Ann Loring as his love interest, with Bruce Cabot as Bill Warren.J. Carrol Naish portrays Murrietta's notorious nemesis,\" Three- Fingered Jack\".The movie portrays Joaquin Murrietta as the Robin Hood of Old California in 1850, a kind, gentle man who was driven to violence.Wellman made it a hard- hitting story about racial prejudice and violence by both sides — Murrietta and his Mexican band and the white settlers.", "Countess Palatine Christina Magdalena of Kleeburg( 27 May 1616 – 14 August 1662) of the House of Wittelsbach, Margravine of Baden- Durlach.She was the daughter of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg and Princess Catherine of Sweden( a granddaughter of Gustav I of Sweden, making Christina a link between the house of Vasa and the later houses of Holstein- Gottorp and Bernadotte).Christina Magdalena was a sister of Charles X of Sweden, and grew up in Sweden.", "Madeleine Frieden-Kinnen (4 October 1915 – 8 February 1999) was a Luxembourgian politician.She was the first woman in Luxembourg to become a member of the government.On 3 January 1967, after a government reshuffle, she was appointed State Secretary for Families, Social Solidarity, Youth, Population, Education, and Culture in the Werner-Cravatte Ministry.On 2 February 1969 she became Minister for Families, Youth, Social Solidarity, Health, and Culture in the second Werner-Schaus government.In 1972, she was forced to resign following a public scandal, and withdrew from public life.She was married to the minister Pierre Frieden.", "Casoria Contemporary Art Museum is located in Casoria in the Province of Naples, Italy.In 2003 the comune approached Antonio Manfredi, a local artist and advocate of international contemporary art, as part of an initiative of local revitalization under the banner \"Una città per l'arte\".The museum was founded in 2005 and has an exhibition space of 3,500 m, largely devoted to its permanent collection of some thousand works by international artists.In April 2012 the museum began burning its collection in protest at the impact of austerity measures introduced in response to the nation's debt crisis, which have had a particularly adverse effect on arts funding.", "Michael Anthony Beach( born October 30, 1963) is an American actor.He has appeared in films\" Lean on Me\"( 1989),\" One False Move\"( 1992),\" Short Cuts\"( 1993),\" Waiting to Exhale\"( 1995),\" A Family Thing\"( 1996), and\" Soul Food\"( 1997).On television, he starred as Monte Parker in the NBC drama series\" Third Watch\" from 1999 to 2005.", "S.O.S. is a Swedish English language hit for Swedish singer Ola Svensson written by Tony Nilsson, taken from his third album \"Good Enough\", also appearing in \"Good Enough - The Feelgood Edition\".The hit credited to just Ola was a #1 hit on the Swedish Singles Chart on the chart dated 22 November 2007, staying a total of 16 weeks in the charts including 6 weeks in the Top 5.Selling over 10,000 copies, the single was certified Gold by the IFPI.", "Hans Hömberg( 14 December 1903 – 4 July 1982) was a German playwright, journalist, novelist and screenwriter.Hömberg worked occasionally on feature film scripts, and supplied the idea for Alexis Granowsky's 1931 comedy film\" The Trunks of Mr. O.F.\"( 1931).Hömberg enjoyed a successful stage career, his biggest hit being\" Cherries for Rome\"( 1940) although he faced censorship issues with some of his works.During the Nazi era he also wrote film reviews.He wrote the novelisation of the controversial anti-Semitic 1940 film\" Jud Süß\" directed by Veit Harlan.", "James Edward Grant( July 2, 1905 – February 19, 1966) was an American short story writer and screenwriter who contributed to more than fifty films between 1935 and 1971.He collaborated with John Wayne on twelve projects, starting with\" Angel and the Badman\"( which he also directed) in 1947 through\" Circus World\" in 1964.\" Support Your Local Gunfighter\" was released in 1971, five years after his death.", "Berge Sigval Natanael Bergesen( 6 September 1914 – 10 July 1965) was a Norwegian ship- owner.He was born in Stavanger as a son of Ole Bergesen.He was a great- grandson of Ole Bergesen, grandson of Sigval Bergesen, nephew of Sigval Bergesen, Jr. and brother of Ole Bergesen.He was a co-owner of his father's shipping company from 1948 to his death.", "Grethe Inga Rottböll Sund, née\" Grethe Inga Poulsen\",( born 11 February 1956) is a Swedish singer and author.She lives and works in Sweden and writes books for adults and children under´the name Grethe Rottböll.During the 1990s she worked as a singer( mezzo- soprano) in operas and operettas.Since May 2018 she is the chairman of Sveriges Författarförbund.", "Apachita( Aymara for the place of transit of an important pass in the principal routes of the Andes; name for a stone cairn in the Andes, a little pile of rocks built along the trail in the high mountains,\" three streams( or crevices)\", also spelled\" Apacheta\") is a mountain in the Bolivian Andes.It is located in the La Paz Department, Inquisivi Province, Colquiri Municipality.Apachita lies southwest of Kimsa Q'awa.", "Susanne Porsche (née Bresser, born 4 June 1952 in Frankfurt) is a German film producer and investor.She began moderating TV shows for children on ZDF in 1979, but later decided to work behind the camera, directing and writing screenplays.From 1988 to 2008 she was married to Wolfgang Porsche, grandson of automotive pioneer Ferdinand Porsche.They have two sons.Since 2007, she lives with director Xaver Schwarzenberger.", "Wincenty Aleksander Korwin Gosiewski \"de armis\" Ślepowron (c. 1620 – 29 November 1662) – was a Polish nobleman, general, Field-Commander of Lithuania from 1654, Grand Treasurer of Lithuania and Lithuanian Great-Quartermaster since 1652, General of Artillery of Lithuania from 1651, Grand-Master of the Pantry of Lithuania from 1646 (honorary court title).", "Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria, in Italian Carlo Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Filippo Jacopo Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero, in German Karl Salvator Maria Joseph Johann BaptistPhilipp Jakob Januarius Ludwig Gonzaga Ranier (Florence, 30 April 1839 – Vienna, 18 January 1892), was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg.", "Abī- Ešuḫ( variants:\" a-bi-šiAbišiE- bi- šumEbišum\") was the 8th king of the 1st Dynasty of Babylon and reigned for 28 years from ca.1648 – 1620 BC( short chronology) or 1711 – 1684 BC( middle chronology).He was preceded by Samsu-iluna, who was his father.", "Crude Set Drama (AKA: \"Untitled Kinetoscope Comedy\") is an 1895 British short black-and-white silent comedy film, produced and directed by Birt Acres for exhibition on Robert W. Paul's peep show Kinetoscopes, featuring two drunken men and a boy squabbling in a small bar.The film was long considered lost but footage discovered in the Henville collection in 1995 has been identified by the BFI as being from this film.", "The Gorgeous Hussy is a 1936 American period film directed by Clarence Brown, and starring Joan Crawford and Robert Taylor.The screenplay was written by Stephen Morehouse Avery and Ainsworth Morgan, which was based on a novel by Samuel Hopkins Adams.The supporting cast includes Lionel Barrymore and James Stewart.The film's plot tells a fictionalized account of President of the United States Andrew Jackson and an innkeeper's daughter, Peggy O' Neal.The real- life Peggy O'Neill had a central role in the Petticoat affair that disrupted the Cabinet of Andrew Jackson.", "Torn from the Flag is a 2007 documentary film about the international decline of communism and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.The film encompasses the tense Cold War era( 1945 – 1991) and presents the rivalry of the superpowers during that time.It shows the 1956 Hungarian Revolution as the first catalyst for the future decline of the communist system, and as a remarkable turning point for the advancement of democracy.The film ’s Hungarian title is\" A lyukas zászló\".\" Torn from the Flag\" was made primarily for international theatrical release and television distribution.", "Francesca Sterlacci is an American fashion designer, author and entrepreneur.She launched her clothing line,\" Francesca Sterlacci Ltd.\" in 1980, and continued designing clothes under her label until 1989.Sterlacci joined the Fashion Institute of Technology as a teacher in 1990, and became the chairwoman of the Fashion department at the institute in 2001.In 2013, Sterlacci launched\" University of Fashion\", an online library of fashion design videos.", "Coney Island Baby is a 2003 comedy- drama in which film producer Amy Hobby made her directorial debut.Karl Geary wrote the film and Tanya Ryno was the film's producer.The music was composed by Ryan Shore.The film was shot in Sligo, Ireland, which is known locally as\" Coney Island\".The film was screened at the Newport International Film Festival.Hobby won the Jury Award for\" Best First Time Director\".The film made its premiere television broadcast on the Sundance Channel.", "Ram Loevy (Hebrew: רם לוי, born August 1, 1940) is an Israeli television director and screenwriter.He has written and directed and documentary films that challenge the status quo on such issues as class conflict, torture, the prison system, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.In 1993, Loevy was awarded the Israel Prize in Communication, Radio and Television in 1993 for his life's work.Loevy is Professor Emeritus of Cinema and Television at Tel Aviv University.", "John Ince, also known as John E. Ince,( August 29, 1878 – April 10, 1947) was an American stage and motion pictures actor, a film director, and the eldest brother of Thomas H. Ince and Ralph Ince.A leading man from the early 1910s, he also directed and scripted several of his own vehicles.Concentrating almost exclusively on directing from 1915 through 1928, Ince returned before the cameras as a character actor in the early years of the talkies.", "Simon GordonJared Russell, 3rd Baron Russell of Liverpool( born 30 August 1952), is a British crossbench peer.The paternal grandson of Edward Russell, 2nd Baron Russell of Liverpool, he was educated at Charterhouse School, Trinity College, Cambridge, and INSEAD.His maternal grandfather was the Conservative MP Sir Arthur Howard.Having lost his seat in the House of Lords under the House of Lords Act 1999, he returned as an elected hereditary peer at a by-election in December 2014.He sits as a crossbencher.", "Howard Clewes( 27 October 1912 – 29 January 1988) was an English screenwriter and novelist.He wrote for eight films between 1951 and 1974.He also wrote twenty action novels from 1938 to 1979.He was born in York, England.He was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Screenplay in 1960 for\" The Day They Robbed the Bank of England\".In 1946, he married Renata Faccincani della Torre, a wartime resistance fighter.She was an active( uncredited) editor in his literary and screenwriting projects.", "Vamsa Vruksham (The genealogy tree), is a 1980 Telugu film directed by Bapu.It is a remake of the 1972 Kannada movie \"Vamsha Vriksha\" which was based on S. L. Bhyrappa's novel of same name.The film marked Anil Kapoor's debut as an actor in a lead role.The film was dubbed into Hindi as \"Pyaar Ka Sindoor\" in 1986.", "On source article (the one which is being deleted):\nTom Gunderson is an American animal trainer.He is known for providing animals for film and television productions.His best-known trained animal is Crystal the Monkey, who is a 25-year-old Capuchin monkey.In 2012, Gunderson worked with the television production of \"Animal Practice\", which utilized the services of Crystal the Monkey in a prominent role.Tom made an appearance with Betty Thomas and Crystal the Monkey on the Howard Stern show on 6/23/98.", "Credit to the Nation are an English hip hop group, who had chart success in the 1990s and are best known for their Nirvana- sampling single\" Call It What You Want\".The band is fronted by Matty Hanson( a.k.a. MC Fusion) and was initially noted for fusing a conscious hip hop style with political elements taken from the British left- wing and anarchist movements.Following their initial split in 1998, the band reformed in 2011.", "Dave Zeltserman is an American novelist, born in Boston, Massachusetts on 23 May 1959.He has published noir, mystery, thriller, and horror novels, including\" Small Crimes\" and\" Pariah.\"He won both the Shamus and Derringer awards for his novelette\" Julius Katz\" in 2010.He also writes Morris Brick serial killer thrillers under the pseudonym Jacob Stone.His novel\" Small Crimes\" was made into a Netflix Original film starring Nikolaj Coster- Waldau.", "Walter Maule was the son and heir of Sir Henry Maule, Baron of Panmure and Benvie, and Margaret, daughter of Sir William Hay of Locherworth.He was warden of Kildrummy Castle in the reign of David II.The name of Walter's spouse is unknown, but he left two sons, William and Henry.William was named successor to the baronies of Panmure and Benvie on his father's death in 1348.", "William Bailey (September 26, 1886 – November 8, 1962) was an American actor.He appeared in more than 300 films between 1911 and 1959, but his roles were often uncredited.Bailey also starred in the original cast of \"No, No Nanette\" (1925), a smash hit on Broadway.Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Bailey died in Hollywood, California in 1962 at the age of 76.", "Iván Nagy( January 23, 1938 – March 23, 2015) was a Hungarian film and television director best known for directing films such as\" Bad Charleston CharlieSkinner\", and\" Deadly Hero\".Nagy has also directed episodes of the TV series\" CHiPsStarsky& Hutch\", and\" The Hitchhiker.\"Nagy was a convicted bookmaker, and is also known for being the ex-boyfriend of Hollywood madam Heidi Fleiss.He was featured in the documentary.", "Martim Afonso Telo de Meneses (died in Toro, 26 January 1356), was a Portuguese nobleman, member of the Téllez de Meneses lineage, and the father of Leonor Teles, queen consort of Portugal.His parents were Afonso Telles de Meneses, called \"el Raposo\", vassal of King Afonso IV of Portugal, and Berengáira Lourenço de Valadares, daughter of Lourenço Soares de Valadares and Sancha Nunes de Chacím.", "Alfred Vohrer( 29 December 1914 – 3 February 1986) was a German film director and actor.He directed 48 films between 1958 and 1984.His 1969 film\" Seven Days Grace\" was entered into the 6th Moscow International Film Festival.His 1972 film\" Tears of Blood\" was entered into the 8th Moscow International Film Festival.His 1974 film\" Only the Wind Knows the Answer\" was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Noble Street College Prep (commonly known as the Original Campus) of the Noble Network of Charter Schools, is a Level +1 public four-year charter high school located in the West Town neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois.It is a part of the Noble Network of Charter Schools.Noble Street College Prep was founded by Michael and Tonya Milkie with the support of the Northwestern University Settlement Association in 1999 and is the original campus of Noble Network of Charter Schools.Noble Street College Prep serves grades nine through twelve.", "Manamagan Thevai\" is a 1957 Indian Tamil-language romantic comedy film directed by P. S. Ramakrishna Rao.He, along with his wife Bhanumathi, produced the film under their company Bharani Pictures.The film features Bhanumathi and Sivaji Ganesan in the lead roles.It was simultaneously produced in Telugu as Varudu Kaavaali\" with K. Jaggaiah replacing Sivaji Ganesan. \"Manamagan Thevai\" was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.", "Moonnu Masangalku Mumbu is a 1986 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Cochin Haneefa and produced by Muhammed Mannil.The film stars Mammootty, Urvashi, Nedumudi Venu and Ambika in the lead roles.The film has a musical score by Shyam.It was remade in Tamil as \"Paasa Paravaigal\" and in Telugu as \"Anna Chellelu\".", "Little Darlings is a 1980 American teen comedy-drama film starring Tatum O'Neal and Kristy McNichol and featuring Armand Assante and Matt Dillon.It was directed by Ronald F. Maxwell.The screenplay was written by Kimi Peck and Dalene Young and the original music score was composed by Charles Fox.The film was marketed with the tagline\"Don't let the title fool you\", a reference to a scene in which Randy comments on Angel's name, to which Angel replies, \"Don't let the name fool you.\"Critic Roger Ebert said of the film that it \"somehow does succeed in treating the awesome and scary subject of sexual initiation with some of the dignity it deserves.\"", "Rising Low is Mike Gordon's second feature film – a documentary based on the life and death of Gov't Mule bassist Allen Woody and the making of a double- disc tribute album featuring a host of legendary bass players.Throughout the film, Gordon interviews Woody's family and bandmates and also discusses the philosophy and technique of bass playing with a number of the instrument's legends, including Chris Squire, Les Claypool, John Entwistle, Flea, Bootsy Collins, Mike Watt, Roger Glover and others.See also\" The Deep End, Volume 1 The Deep End, Volume 2\"", "Casanova Brown is a 1944 American comedy romantic film directed by Sam Wood, written by Nunnally Johnson, and starring Gary Cooper, Teresa Wright, and Frank Morgan.The film had its world premiere in western France after the Allies had liberated those territories following the D- Day Invasion.The film is based on the 1927 novel\" An Unmarried Father\" by Floyd Dell and the 1928 play\" Little Accident\" by Dell and Thomas Mitchell, which had been previously filmed by Universal Pictures in 1930 as\" The Little Accident\" and in 1939 as\" Little Accident\".", "\" Oh, Boy!\" is a song written by Sonny West, Bill Tilghman and Norman Petty.The song was included on the album\" The\" Chirping\" Crickets\" and was also released as the A- side of a single, with\" Not Fade Away\" as the B-side.The song peaked at number 10 on the US charts, and number 3 on the UK charts in early 1958.( See 1958 in music for more context.)", "Sky High is a 1922 American silent western film written and directed by Lynn Reynolds and starring Tom Mix, J. Farrell MacDonald, Eva Novak and Sid Jordan.The action in \"Sky High\" takes place in 1922 and while the characters ride horses and fight in saloons, they also use telephones, automobiles and even an aircraft.In 1998, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\".", "Terror Trap( stylized in some countries as Vacancy 3), is a 2010 American horror film.It was written and directed by Dan Garcia who pleaded guilty in 2013 to a Motion Picture Tax Scam after orchestrating a scheme to defraud the State of Louisiana ’s Motion Picture Industry Development Tax Credit Program.Filming took place in Louisiana.The film stars David James Elliott, Michael Madsen and Jeff Fahey.Movie tagline is\" Once you check in, there's no escape ...\".The film is similar to the 2008 film,\" Vacancy\" which also features a couple being terrorized by a motel's owner and his employees while being recorded.", "Dave Tinelt is a heavy metal music vocalist with Mortal Sin and Nekrofeist.Tinelt was born in Port Kembla, New South Wales( born 1974) and grew up in the Wollongong suburb of Bellambi.Tinelt knew he wanted to be in a metal band when he was 12 – 13 years old.He joined his first metal band Stentorian as the drummer.In March 2012, Tinelt was announced as the new lead singer of Mortal Sin. and fronted the band for a number of gigs before it broke up.", "Zuzana Justman, born Zuzana Pick( born 20 June 1931), is a Czech- American documentary filmmaker and writer.She was born in former Czechoslovakia, which she left in 1948 with her mother after surviving two years at Theresienstadt concentration camp during World War II.She went to New York state for college and graduate school, and settled in New York City afterward.After working as a writer and translator, in the late 1980s, she started filmmaking.She has filmed most of her documentaries in the Czech Republic and other European countries, and her topics have been the Holocaust of World War II and postwar history." ]
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Which film was released earlier, Charlie Chaplin 2 or Kadathanadan Ambadi?
Kadathanadan Ambadi
[ "The Flame of the Yukon( 1926) is a silent Northwoods adventure- drama film starring Seena Owen and directed by George Melford.The film is based on a story by Monte Katterjohn and was distributed by Cecil DeMille's PDC( Producers Distributing Corporation).The film is a remake of a 1917 film that had starred Dorothy Dalton.The 1917 film survives at the Library of Congress.The 1926 film, once thought to be lost, is preserved at the UCLA Film and Television Archive.", "\" Take a Picture\" is a song by American rock band Filter, released on November 16, 1999 as the second single from their second studio album\" Title of Record\".The song became a major hit at the start of 2000, peaking at number 12 on the US US\" Billboard\" Hot 100 and number three in Canada.It also became a top- ten hit in New Zealand, peaking at number eight on the RIANZ Singles Chart.", "Prince Munetaka (宗尊親王) (December 15, 1242 – September 2, 1274) was the sixth \"shōgun\" of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan who reigned from 1252 to 1266.He was the first son of the Emperor Go-Saga and replaced the deposed Fujiwara no Yoritsugu as \"shōgun\" at the age of ten.He was a puppet ruler controlled by the Hōjō clan regents.The deposed \"shōgun\" became a Buddhist monk in 1272.His priestly name was Gyōshō.He was a writer of Waka poetry.", "Ricardo García is an American criminal defense attorney and an advocate for criminal justice reform.Garcia is currently the public defender for the Los Angeles County Public Defender's office, the largest public defender's office in the United States.Garcia is Los Angeles County's eleventh Public Defender and LA County's first Latino Public Defender.Garcia has served as an adjunct professor at California Western School of Law and on the faculty at the Shechmeister Death Penalty College at Santa Clara University.", "Blood and Donuts is a 1995 Canadian supernatural horror comedy film directed by Holly Dale, written by Andrew Rai Berzins, and starring Gordon Currie and Helene Clarkson.David Cronenberg plays a cameo role as the local crime boss.The film features a vampire who is accidentally awakened after 25 years of sleep and starts to shyly make contact with the mortal world around him.As he interacts and begins to care for the people around him, he gets mixed up in their problems and they in his.", "\" Since When\" is a song by Canadian rock band 54- 40.The song is the first single and title track of the band's eighth studio album,\" Since When\".The song is the highest charting single in the band's history, peaking at No. 11 on the\" RPM\" singles chart in Canada.The song won the award for\" Best Song\" at the West Coast Music Awards, with the song's music video winning the award for\" Best Video\".", "Stéphane Lapointe( born February 20, 1971 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian film and television director and screenwriter.He won the Claude Jutra Award in 2006 for his debut film\" La Vie secrète des gens heureux\".He was also a nominee for Best Achievement in Direction and Best Original Screenplay at the 27th Genie Awards.He has also directed episodes of the Quebec TV series\" Hommes en quarantaineRoxy Bye Bye\" and\" Tout sur moi\".", "Kadathanadan Ambadi is a 1990 Indian Malayalam- language sword and sorcery film directed by Priyadarshan, written by Cochin Haneefa and produced by Sajan Vargeese.Starring Mohanlal, Prem Nazir, Swapna and Raadhu.The film was in production from 1985 and was stalled due to financial crisis faced by the producer Sajan Vargeese.The film is a sequel to 1964 film\" Thacholi Othenan\" and 1970 film\" Othenente Makan\".A few shots from Tacholi Othenan are shown in this movie also.The film was released after the death of Prem Nazir.", "Alfonso de la Cerda, (Valladolid 1270 - Ávila 1333), called the disinherited, was the elder son of Ferdinand de la Cerda and his wife Blanche of France, and was a grandson of Alfonso X of Castile.Alfonso and his brother Fernando were candidates for the Castilian-Leonese crown during the reigns of Sancho IV of Castile, Ferdinand IV of Castile and Alfonso XI of Castile.In 1331, Alfonso renounced his rights and swore allegiance to Alfonso XI of Castile.", "Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels (17 March 1708 – 25 January 1760), was a Duchess consort of Courland.She married the Duke of Courland, Ferdinand Kettler, on 20 September 1730.She was the daughter of Johann Georg, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels and Fredericka Elisabeth of Saxe-Eisenach.The marriage was childless.", "Olivier Martinez( born 12 January 1966) is a French film actor.He became known after roles in several French films such as\" Un, deux, trois, soleil\"( 1993), which garnered him the César Award for\" Most Promising Actor The Horseman on the Roof\"( 1995), and\" The Chambermaid on the Titanic\"( 1997).He has also appeared in Hollywood- produced features, including the drama\" Before Night Falls\"( 2000), the erotic thriller\" Unfaithful\"( 2002) and playing the role of a French drug lord in the action- crime- thriller\" S.W.A.T.\"( 2003).", "FancyFree is the fifth country studio album by the Oak Ridge Boys, released on March 26, 1981.It featured their biggest hit\" ElviraSomewhere in the Night\" was covered by Sawyer Brown in 1987 from their album of the same name.The title of the album was suggested by longtime Oak Ridge Boys personal assistant Charles Daunis, and he is thanked for this contribution in the liner notes.The album is certified double platinum by the RIAA.It was also one of the first albums ever to achieve multi-platinum certification in the US, achieving the certification on October 12, 1984.", "Simon Donald is a co-founder and was co-editor of the British comic magazine\" Viz\" until 2003.He set up the magazine in 1979 with his brother Chris from a bedroom in Newcastle.His most famous creation for the magazine is probably Sid the Sexist.When Chris quit as editor in 1999, Simon took up the role of co-editor along with Graham Dury, Simon Thorp, Davey Jones and Alex Collier.He and Alex left the magazine in 2003.", "M. K. Muthu is an Indian actor, singer and politician.Muthu is the eldest son of late former Tamil Nadu chief minister M. Karunanidhi.Muthu started acting in 1970 and appeared in films such as \"Pillaiyo PillaiSamayalkaranAnayavilakuIngeyum Manidhargal\" and \"Pookkari\".He also sang a few songs in these films.In 2008, he sang a song for the film \"Mattuthavani\" under music director Deva.", "Elzevir Lake is a lake in the Moira River and Lake Ontario drainage basins in Tweed, Hastings County, Ontario, Canada.The lake is about long and wide and lies at an elevation of about west of the community of Flinton.The primary inflow is Elzevir Creek from an unnamed lake at the northwest; it is also the primary outflow at the southeast to an unnamed lake.The creek flows via the Skootamatta River and Moira River into the Bay of Quinte on Lake Ontario at Belleville.", "Devil and the Deep is a 1932 American pre-Code drama film directed by Marion Gering, based on Maurice Larrouy's novel(\" Sirenes et Tritons\"), and starring Tallulah Bankhead, Gary Cooper, Charles Laughton and Cary Grant.It follows a naval commander who has alienated his wife due to his insane jealousy over every man she speaks to.After his obsessive behavior drives her to the arms of a handsome lieutenant, tragic drama ensues.", "The Luck of the Irish is a 1920 American silent drama film directed by Allan Dwan.It is based on the 1917 novel\" The Luck of the Irish\" by Harold MacGrath.The film stars James Kirkwood Sr., Anna Q. Nilsson, Harry Northrup, Ward Crane, Ernest Butterworth Jr., and Gertrude Messinger.The film was released on January 5, 1920, by Realart Pictures Corporation.", "Sir George Hare Philipson, M.D., F.R.C.P.( 18 May 1836 – 24 January 1918) was an English physician knighted in 1900.He was educated at University College, London and Caius College, Cambridge.From 1876 until his death in 1918 he was professor of Medicine at Durham University.He was elected the President of the British Medical Association for the year 1893.His oil portrait was done by Thomas Eyre Macklin.", "Anthemius (– 11 July 472) was Western Roman Emperor from 467 to 472.Perhaps the last capable Western Roman Emperor, Anthemius attempted to solve the two primary military challenges facing the remains of the Western Roman Empire: the resurgent Visigoths, under Euric, whose domain straddled the Pyrenees; and the unvanquished Vandals, under Geiseric, in undisputed control of North Africa.Anthemius was killed by Ricimer, his own general of Gothic descent, who contested power with him.", "Gille Brigte or Gilla Brigte mac Fergusa of Galloway( died 1185), also known as\" Gillebrigte Gille BrighdeGilbridgeGilbride\", etc., and most famously known in French sources as Gilbert, was Lord of Galloway of Scotland( from 1161 with Uchtred; 1174 alone, to 1185).Gilla Brigte was one of two sons of the great Fergus, the builder of the\" Kingdom\" of Galloway.", "The Ferret( French: Le furet) is a 1950 French crime film directed by Raymond Leboursier and starring Jany Holt, Colette Darfeuil and Pierre Renoir.It was based on a novel by Stanislas- André Steeman.It features the character of Inspector Wens, who had appeared in several other films including\" The Murderer Lives at Number 21\".The film's sets were designed by the art director Roland Quignon.", "Jack Goohsen( born November 7, 1942)) is a farmer and former political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada.He represented Maple Creek from 1991 to 1995 and Cypress Hills from 1995 to 1999 in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a Progressive Conservative and then independent member.He was born in Gull Lake, Saskatchewan and studied agricultural management at the University of Saskatchewan.Goohsen established a farm in the Gull Lake area.He served on the council for the rural municipality of Carmichael, serving as reeve from 1981 to 1992.He sat as an independent after the remaining Progressive Conservative members formed the Saskatchewan Party.", "The first Charles Powell Leslie( 1731 – 1800), known also as Charles Powell Leslie I, was the son of Robert and Frances( née Rogerson) Leslie.He was member of the Irish Parliament for Hillsborough( 1771 – 1776) and Monaghan County( 1783 – 1800).In 1765 he married Prudence Penelope, daughter of Arthur Hill- Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon, with whom he had two sons, Charles Powell( II) and John.In 1785 he married Mary Anne( née Tench) with whom he had one son.", "Meryl Jane Swanson( born 3 September 1970) is an Australian politician who has represented the Division of Paterson in the Australian House of Representatives for the Australian Labor Party since the 2016 federal election.Swanson has spent many years in radio broadcasting in Melbourne and Newcastle, and most recently worked for station 2 NUR.She also worked for the member for Hunter, Joel Fitzgibbon MP in the 1990s.She has also worked as business manager at the Hunter Regional Organisation of Councils and as executive director of Hunter Tourism.", "Tuos (The Pact) is a 2016 Filipino art drama written by Denise O'hara and directed by Roderick Cabrido.The plot revolves around the two village women; Pinailog (Aunor), a binukot or kept maiden and her grand daughter, Dowokan (Forteza) who is groomed to take her place but refuse to take the role as the new Binukot.Pinailog has to choose between keeping the century-old beliefs that shackled her into solitary confinement or the liberty and freedom of her grand daughter.The Film was part of the 12th Cinemalaya Film Festival from August 8–14, 2016.", "Espen Sandberg( born 2 June 1971) is a Norwegian film director and advertising producer, well known to work with his childhood friend and director Joachim Rønning on several projects such as\" Bandidas\"( 2006),( 2008),\" Kon- Tiki\"( 2012) and( 2017).He received a nomination at 85th Academy Awards as well as 70th Golden Globe Awards for Best Foreign Language Film for directing 2012 movie\" Kon- Tiki\" with Rønning.", "Jeane Manson( born 1950 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American model, singer, and actor.After being photographed for\" Playboy\" magazine's Playmate of the Month in August 1974, she moved to Europe and appeared in several films, including\" Bons Baisers de Hong Kong\"( 1975).The following year, she became known for the song\" Avant de nous dire adieu\".In 1979 she represented Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest with the song\" J'ai déjà vu ça dans tes yeux\".", "PalligTokesen( died 13 November 1002) was a Danish chieftain.He was recruited to help Ethelred II, and was made Jarl or Ealdorman of Devonshire.He is said to have been killed in the St. Brice's Day massacre, along with his wife Gunhilde, daughter of Harald Bluetooth of Denmark and sister of Sweyn Forkbeard.Sweyn's invasions from 1002 may have been partly in revenge for the murder of his sister.An alternative version is that Pallig deserted the service of King Æthelred in 1001, and that the massacre was partly Æthelred's revenge.", "Toby Eady( 28 February 1941 – 24 December 2017) was an English literary agent whose agents included Bernard Cornwell and Jung Chang.When he set up his own agency, Toby Eady Associates, in 1968, his first book was\" Jack's Return\" by Ted Lewis, which was eventually made into the Michael Caine film,\" Get Carter\".His mother was the author Mary Wesley.His father was Heinz Otto Ziegler, a Czech political scientist and Royal Air Force pilot.", "Anne Marie Martinozzi, Princess of Conti( 1637 – 4 February 1672) was a French aristocrat and court official.She was a niece of King Louis XIV of France's chief minister Cardinal Mazarin, and the wife of Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti.She became the mother of the libertine François Louis, Prince of Conti,\" le Grand Conti\".Her marriage to the Prince of Conti made her a\" princesse du Sang\".She served as\" Surintendante de la Maison de la Reine\" for the queen dowager, Anne of Austria, between 1657 and 1666.", "Ermengarde or Ermengard, Irmgard (died 1283) was Duchess of Limburg from 1279 to 1283.Her parents were Judith of Kleve and Waleran IV, Duke of Limburg.She was named after her paternal grandmother.It is possible she was the only child of her parents, but is also equally possibleshe had a younger sister Sophia.Ermengarde married countReginald I of Guelders, but they were childless.Ermengarde died in 1283.", "Charlie Chaplin 2 is a 2019 Indian Tamil-language comedy film directed by Shakthi Chidambaram.The film stars Prabhu Deva, Nikki Galrani and Prabhu in the lead roles.The film is a sequel to 2002 film \"Charlie Chaplin\".The music for the film is scored by Amresh Ganesh.The film is produced by T. Siva under the production banner Amma Creations.The film released on 25 January 2019.", "Major- General Charles John Sackville- West, 4th Baron Sackville,( 10 August 1870 – 8 May 1962) was a British Army general and peer who served throughout the First World War and reached the rank of major general.In 1919, he was British Military Representative on the Supreme War Council and from 1920 to 1924 he was military attaché in Paris.He inherited his title on 28 January 1928 on the death of his brother, Lionel Edward Sackville- West, 3rd Baron Sackville.He served as Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey.", "The Devil at 4 O'Clock is a 1961 American Eastmancolor disaster film, starring Spencer Tracy and Frank Sinatra and directed by Mervyn LeRoy.Based on a 1959 novel with the same title by British writer Max Catto, the film was a precursor to\" Krakatoa, East of Java\" and the disaster films of the 1970s, such as\" The Poseidon AdventureEarthquake\" and\" The Towering Inferno\".", "Alkohol is a 1919 German silent drama film directed by Ewald André Dupont and Alfred Lind and starring Wilhelm Diegelmann, Ernst Rückert, and Georg H. Schnell.The film was begun by Lind but finished by Dupont.It was his first major melodrama, and represented a breakthrough in his career.The film's theme and setting foreshadow much of his later work.It was one in a series of\" Enlightenment films\" examining social issues, which were produced around the time.It premiered at the Marmorhaus in Berlin.", "Robert Welles, 8th Baron Willoughby de Eresby and 8th Baron Welles( died 19 March 1470), was the son of Richard Welles, 7th Baron Welles, and Joan Willoughby, 7th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby.He was the prime mover in an uprising against Edward IV in 1470, although his actions were possibly orchestrated by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick.", "Chachacomayoc( possibly from Quechua\" chachakuma\" a medical plant,\" the one with the\" chachakuma\" plant) is a mountain in the Vilcanota mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about high.It is situated in the Cusco Region, Canchis Province, Pitumarca District, and in the Quispicanchi Province, Cusipata District.Chachacomayoc lies southwest of Huasacocha, Jatunrritioc and Yaritani and west of Allcamarina.", "Leslie Bulcock (5 January 1913 – 24 April 2001) was an English cricketer.He was a right-handed batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler who played for Lancashire.He was born and died in Colne, Lancashire.Bulcock made a single first-class appearance in 1946, having played Lancashire League cricket since 1932 for his local team.He also played in the Minor Counties Championship during 1946.Bulcock finished nineteen years-worth of service for Colne in 1951.", "Ernest William Goodpasture (October 17, 1886 – September 20, 1960) was an American pathologist and physician.Goodpasture advanced the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, parasitism, and a variety of rickettsial and viral infections.Together with colleagues at Vanderbilt University, he invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae in chicken embryos and fertilized chicken eggs.This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and other diseases.He also described Goodpasture syndrome.", "Kabviukvik Island is an island located within Coronation Gulf, south of Victoria Island, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada.Other islands in the vicinity include Anchor Island, Douglas Island, Duke of York Archipelago, Haodlon Island, Hatoayok Island, Hokagon Island, Ivonayak Island, Kingak Island, Mangak Island, Nanortut Island, and Nanukton Island.The community of Kugkluktuk( formerly Coppermine) is located on the mainland, to the south.", "Marianne Wiggins( born September 8, 1947) is an American author.The characters and storylines in her novels have been described as unusual.According to\" The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English\", Wiggins writes with\" a bold intelligence and an ear for hidden comedy.\"She has won a Whiting Award, an National Endowment for the Arts award and the Janet Heidinger Kafka Prize.She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in fiction in 2004 for her novel\" Evidence of Things Unseen\"", "Carl Alexander Herzog von Württemberg( Father Odo OSB)( 12 March 1896 – 27 December 1964) was a member of the House of Württemberg who became a Benedictine monk.(\" Herzog von Württemberg\" is German for\" Duke of Württemberg\".)During, and following, the Nazi era he provided aid to refugees, Jews, and prisoners of war, and was reported for these activities to the Nazi rulers of Germany.", "Pierre Lemonnier( aka\" Petro Lemonnier\")( 28 June 1675 in Saint- Sever – 27 November 1757 in Saint- Germain- en- Laye) was a French astronomer, a Professor of Physics and Philosophy at the Collège d' Harcourt( University of Paris), and a member of the French Academy of Sciences.Lemonnier published the 6- volume Latin university textbook\" Cursus philosophicus ad scholarum usum accommodatus\"( Paris, 1750/ 1754) which consisted of the following volumes( generally consistent with the Ratio Studiorum):He was also the father of Pierre Charles Le Monnier and Louis- Guillaume Le Monnier.", "Dino Ki Dulhaniya (English: \"Dino's Bride\") is a 2018 Pakistani tele-film directed by Mehreen Jabbar, written by Muhammad Younis Butt and produced by Abdullah Kadwani and Asad Qureshi under the 7th Sky Entertainment banner.The tele-film stars Feroze Khan and Sana Javed in the lead roles.The film was released in June 2018 as part of Geo Entertainment's Eid programming.", "Priscilla Andreia Stevaux Carnaval( born in Sorocaba) is a Brazilian female BMX rider, representing her nation at international competitions.She has been part of the Brazilian team since 2010, and the following year she was sixth in the junior category of the 2011 UCI BMX World Championships.Carnaval has since competed in the Elite Women category of the UCI BMX World Championships in 2012, 2015 and 2016, and represented her country in the 2016 Olympics Brazil hosted.", "Francis Ernest of Hesse- Darmstadt( born 25 January 1695 in Gießen; died: 8 January 1716 in Darmstadt) was a German nobleman.He was the third son of Count Landgrave Ernest Louis of Hesse- Darmstadt( 1667 – 1739) from his marriage to Dorothea Charlotte( 1661 – 1705), daughter of the Margrave Albert of Brandenburg- Ansbach.He replaced his brother Charles William of Hesse- Darmstadt as Colonel of the Hesse- Darmstadt Kreis Regiment when Charles William died during the War of Spanish Succession.", "Charles II, Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen \"(German: Karl II, Graf von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen)\" (1547 – 8 April 1606) became Count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen in 1576 and remained so until his death.He was the fifth but second surviving son of Charles I, Count of Hohenzollern and Anna, daughter of Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach.", "Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk( sometimes translated to English as\" Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn till Dusk\") is a 1997 memoir book by Aleksandr Korzhakov, former head of Boris Yeltsin's security.In it Korzhakov describes eleven years of his service and the personality of his patron, first president of Russia.Yeltsin is portrayed as a heavy- drinker who hides his health problems.Yeltsin and Korzhakov split acrimoniously when Yeltsin fired him in June 1996.In 2004 next part of the book\" Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk.Afterword\" was published.", "Prince Karl (Karl Borromäus)Michael Joseph of Liechtenstein (Vienna, 29 September 1730 – Vienna, 21 February 1789) was the second son of Emanuel, Prince of Liechtenstein (1700–1771) and \"Maria\" Anna \"Antonia\", Countess of Dietrichstein-Weichselstädt, Baroness of Hollenburg and Finkenstein, and younger brother of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein.He was the 805th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria in 1772.", "Le Tigre aime la chair fraîche( English title: Code Name: Tiger) is a 1964 Eurospy film directed by Claude Chabrol and starring and written by Roger Hanin as the Tiger.The film was an attempt to create a French franchise equal to James Bond, and the film\" From Russia with Love\" is referenced within the film that features the film's female lead Daniela Bianchi.It also was the predecessor of\" Our Agent Tiger\" which got released in 1965.", "Henry DeWitt Carey II( January 16, 1878 – September 21, 1947) was an American actor and one of silent film's earliest superstars.One of his best known performances is as the President of the Senate( Vice President of the United States) in the drama film\" Mr. Smith Goes to Washington\"( 1939), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.He was the father of Harry Carey Jr., who was also a prominent actor.", "The Sunrays( previously known as The Renegades, The Renegade 5, Larry Tremaine& The Renegades, The Rangers and The Dirt Riders) were an American band from Pacific Palisades, California.The group was led by singer/ songwriter/ drummer Rick Henn, who was a friend of The Beach Boys member Carl Wilson.Other members of the band were guitarists Eddy Medora and Byron Case, keyboard player Marty DiGiovanni, and bassist Vince Hozier.", "\" I've Found Someone of My Own\" is a song written by Frank F. Robinson and performed by The Free Movement.It reached# 5 on the\" Billboard\" Hot 100,# 7 on the US adult contemporary chart, and# 20 on the US R&B chart in 1971.The song was featured on their 1972 album,\" I've Found Someone of My Own\".The song was produced by Joe Porter and arranged by Jimmie Haskell and Michael Omartian.The single ranked# 27 on the\" Billboard\" Year- End Hot 100 singles of 1971.", "Rattanbai\" Ruttie\" Jinnah,( born as Rattanbai Petit, 1900- 1929) was the second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah—an important figure in the creation of Pakistan and the country's founder.The couple's only daughter and child was Dina Wadia, who died in 2017.Rattanbai was the daughter of Lady Dina Petit and Sir Dinshaw Petit 2nd Baronet Petit, who in turn, was the son of Dinshaw Maneckji Petit, a member of the Petit family and the founder of the first cotton mills in India.", "Joshua Granville Leonard( born June 17, 1975) is an American actor, writer, and director, known for his role in\" The Blair Witch Project\"( 1999).He has since starred in films such as\" Madhouse\"( 2004),\" The Shaggy Dog\"( 2006),\" Higher Ground\"( 2011),\" The Motel Life\"( 2012),\" Snake and Mongoose\"( 2013),\" If I Stay\"( 2014),\" The Town That Dreaded Sundown\"( 2014),\" 6 Years\"( 2015), and\" Unsane\"( 2018).", "Aleksander Dominik Kazanowski( 1605 – February 1648), was a noble( szlachcic), magnate, voivode of Bracław Voivodeship in the Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth.Before 6 November 1646 he became a voivode of Bracław.He married Anna Potocka.They had two daughters: Helena and Maria Anna Kazanowska( 1643 – 1687), wife of Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski.", "Pál Gábor (2 November 1932 – 21 October 1987) was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.He directed 20 films between 1962 and 1987.In 1979, he was a member of the jury at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.His most famous work was 1978's \"Angi Vera\", about a woman in a re-education camp in post-war Hungary.His films usually focused on the concerns of people in communist Hungary.", "Howard Purcell( November 10, 1918 – April 24, 1981) was an American comics artist and writer active from the 1940s Golden Age of Comic Books through the 1960s Silver Age.A longtime penciler and cover artist for DC Comics, one of the field's two largest firms, he co-created the Golden Age characters Sargon the Sorcerer and the Gay Ghost( renamed in the 1970s the Grim Ghost) for All- American Publications, one of the companies, with National Comics and Detective Comics, that merged to form DC.Purcell also drew the famous cover of\" Green Lantern\"# 1( Fall 1941).", "\"Spring Affair\" is a song by American singer and songwriter Donna Summer from her 1976 album Four Seasons of Love.The song (which represents the \"spring\" phase of the concept album) tells of the beginning of a new relationship. \"Spring Affair\" is more than eight minutes long, though it was edited for release as a single.The song peaked at number 15 in Spain singles charts and number 3 in Spain Radio chart.\"Spring Affair\" was sampled extensively on \"Super Disco\" by Alex Gopher and Étienne de Crécy from \"Super Discount\" (1996).", "Valley of the Giants is a 1938 American Technicolor adventure film directed by William Keighley, written by Seton I. Miller and Michael Fessier, and starring Wayne Morris, Claire Trevor, Frank McHugh, Alan Hale Sr., Donald Crisp, and Charles Bickford.It is based on the novel \"The Valley of the Giants\" by Peter B. Kyne.The film was released by Warner Bros. on September 17, 1938." ]
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L-CITEEVAL: DO LONG-CONTEXT MODELS TRULY LEVERAGE CONTEXT FOR RESPONDING?

PaperGithubZhihu

Benchmark Quickview

L-CiteEval is a multi-task long-context understanding with citation benchmark, covering 5 task categories, including single-document question answering, multi-document question answering, summarization, dialogue understanding, and synthetic tasks, encompassing 11 different long-context tasks. The context lengths for these tasks range from 8K to 48K.

Data Prepare

Load Data

from datasets import load_dataset

datasets = ["narrativeqa", "natural_questions", "hotpotqa", "2wikimultihopqa", "goc_report", "multi_news", "qmsum", "locomo", "dialsim", "counting_stars", "niah"]

for dataset in datasets:
    ### Load L-CiteEval
    data = load_dataset('Jonaszky123/L-CiteEval', f"L-CiteEval-Data_{dataset}")

    ### Load L-CiteEval-Length
    data = load_dataset('Jonaszky123/L-CiteEval', f"L-CiteEval-Length_{dataset}")

    ### Load L-CiteEval-Hardness
    data = load_dataset('Jonaszky123/L-CiteEval', f"L-CiteEval-Hardness_{dataset}")

All data in L-CiteEval follows the format below:

{
    "id": "The identifier for the data entry",
    "question": "The task question, such as for single-document QA. In summarization tasks, this may be omitted",
    "answer": "The correct or expected answer to the question, used for evaluating correctness",
    "docs": "Context divided into fixed-length chunks"
    "length": "The context length"
    "hardness": "The level of difficulty in L-CiteEval-Hardness, which can be easy, medium and hard"
}

You can find evaluation code in our github.

Citation

If you find our work helpful, please cite our paper:

@misc{tang2024lciteeval,
    title={L-CiteEval: Do Long-Context Models Truly Leverage Context for Responding?},
    author={Zecheng Tang and Keyan Zhou and Juntao Li and Baibei Ji and Jianye Hou and Min Zhang},
    year={2024},
    eprint={2410.02115},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
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