metadata

library_name: transformers
license: apache-2.0
pipeline_tag: image-segmentation
datasets:
  - ds4sd/DocLayNet

DIT-base-layout-detection

We present the model cmarkea/dit-base-layout-detection, which allows extracting different layouts (Text, Picture, Caption, Footnote, etc.) from an image of a document. This is a fine-tuning of the model dit-base on the DocLayNet dataset. It is ideal for processing documentary corpora to be ingested into an ODQA system.

This model allows extracting 11 entities, which are: Caption, Footnote, Formula, List-item, Page-footer, Page-header, Picture, Section-header, Table, Text, and Title.

Performance

In this section, we will assess the model's performance by separately considering semantic segmentation and object detection. We did not perform any post-processing for the semantic segmentation. As for object detection, we only applied OpenCV's findContours without any further post-processing.

For semantic segmentation, we will use the F1-score to evaluate the classification of each pixel. For object detection, we will assess performance based on the Generalized Intersection over Union (GIoU) and the accuracy of the predicted bounding box class. The evaluation is conducted on 500 pages from the PDF evaluation dataset of DocLayNet.

Class	f1-score (x100)	GIoU (x100)	accuracy (x100)
Background	94.98	NA	NA
Caption	75.54	55.61	72.62
Footnote	72.29	50.08	70.97
Formula	82.29	49.91	94.48
List-item	67.56	35.19	69
Page-footer	83.93	57.99	94.06
Page-header	62.33	65.25	79.39
Picture	78.32	58.22	92.71
Section-header	69.55	56.64	78.29
Table	83.69	63.03	90.13
Text	90.94	51.89	88.09
Title	61.19	52.64	70

Benchmark

Now, let's compare the performance of this model with other models.

Model	f1-score (x100)	GIoU (x100)	accuracy (x100)
cmarkea/dit-base-layout-detection	90.77	56.29	85.26
cmarkea/detr-layout-detection	91.27	80.66	90.46

Direct Use

import torch
from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, BeitForSemanticSegmentation

img_proc = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(
    "cmarkea/dit-base-layout-detection"
)
model = BeitForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained(
    "cmarkea/dit-base-layout-detection"
)

img: PIL.Image

with torch.inference_mode():
    input_ids = img_proc(img, return_tensors='pt')
    output = model(**input_ids)

segmentation = img_proc.post_process_semantic_segmentation(
    output,
    target_sizes=[img.size[::-1]]
)

Here is a simple method for detecting bounding boxes from semantic segmentation. This is the method used to calculate the model's performance in object detection, as described in the "Performance" section. The method is provided without any additional post-processing.

import cv2

def detect_bboxes(masks: np.ndarray):
    r"""
    A simple bounding box detection function
    """
    detected_blocks = []
    contours, _ = cv2.findContours(
        masks.astype(np.uint8),
        cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL,
        cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE
    )
    for contour in list(contours):
        if len(list(contour)) >= 4:
            # smallest rectangle containing all points
            x, y, width, height = cv2.boundingRect(contour)
            bounding_box = [x, y, x + width, y + height]
            detected_blocks.append(bounding_box)
    return detected_blocks

bbox_pred = []
for segment in segmentation:
    boxes, labels = [], []
    for ii in range(1, len(model.config.label2id)):
        mm = segment == ii
        if mm.sum() > 0:
            bbx = detect_bboxes(mm.numpy())
            boxes.extend(bbx)
            labels.extend([ii]*len(bbx))
    bbox_pred.append(dict(boxes=boxes, labels=labels))

Example

Citation

@online{DeDitLay,
  AUTHOR = {Cyrile Delestre},
  URL = {https://huggingface.co/cmarkea/dit-base-layout-detection},
  YEAR = {2024},
  KEYWORDS = {Image Processing ; Transformers ; Layout},
}