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README.md
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thumbnail: "https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT/raw/master/res/robbert_logo.png"
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tags:
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- Dutch
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- RoBERTa
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- RobBERT
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license: mit
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datasets:
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- oscar
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---
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More detailled information can be found in the [RobBERT paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06286).
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## How to use
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```python
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from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, RobertaForSequenceClassification
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tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained("pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base")
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model = RobertaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base")
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```
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### Sentiment analysis
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Predicting whether a review is positive or negative using the [Dutch Book Reviews Dataset](https://github.com/benjaminvdb/110kDBRD).
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| RobBERT v2 | 89.08 |
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## Training
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We pre-trained RobBERT using the RoBERTa training regime.
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We pre-trained our model on the Dutch section of the [OSCAR corpus](https://oscar-corpus.com/), a large multilingual corpus which was obtained by language classification in the Common Crawl corpus.
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In between training jobs on the computing cluster, 2 Nvidia 1080 Ti's also covered some parameter updates for RobBERT v2.
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## Limitations and
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In the [RobBERT paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06286), we also investigated potential sources of bias in RobBERT.
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##
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```bibtex
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@misc{delobelle2020robbert,
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title={RobBERT: a Dutch RoBERTa-based Language Model},
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author={Pieter Delobelle and Thomas Winters and Bettina Berendt},
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year={2020},
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eprint={2001.06286},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL}
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}
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```
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thumbnail: "https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT/raw/master/res/robbert_logo.png"
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tags:
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- Dutch
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- Flemish
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- RoBERTa
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- RobBERT
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license: mit
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datasets:
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- oscar
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- oscar (NL)
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- dbrd
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- lassy-ud
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- europarl-mono
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- conll2002
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widget:
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- text: "Hallo, ik ben RobBERT, een <mask> taalmodel van de KU Leuven"
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---
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT/raw/master/res/robbert_logo_with_name.png" alt="RobBERT: A Dutch RoBERTa-based Language Model" width="75%">
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</p>
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# RobBERT: Dutch RoBERTa-based Language Model.
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[RobBERT](https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT) is the state-of-the-art Dutch BERT model. It is a large pre-trained general Dutch language model that can be fine-tuned on a given dataset to perform any text classification, regression or token-tagging task. As such, it has been successfully used by many [researchers](https://scholar.google.com/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=7180110604335112086) and [practitioners](https://huggingface.co/models?search=robbert) for achieving state-of-the-art performance for a wide range of Dutch natural language processing tasks, including:
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- [Emotion detection](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2021.wassa-1.27/)
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- Sentiment analysis ([book reviews](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06286.pdf), [news articles](https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8704637/file/8704638.pdf)*)
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- [Coreference resolution](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06286.pdf)
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- Named entity recognition ([CoNLL](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06286.pdf), [job titles](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.02814.pdf)*, [SoNaR](https://github.com/proycon/deepfrog))
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- Part-of-speech tagging ([Small UD Lassy](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06286.pdf), [CGN](https://github.com/proycon/deepfrog))
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- [Zero-shot word prediction](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.06286.pdf)
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- [Humor detection](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.13652.pdf)
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- [Cyberbulling detection](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/natural-language-engineering/article/abs/automatic-classification-of-participant-roles-in-cyberbullying-can-we-detect-victims-bullies-and-bystanders-in-social-media-text/A2079C2C738C29428E666810B8903342)
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- [Correcting dt-spelling mistakes](https://gitlab.com/spelfouten/dutch-simpletransformers/)*
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and also achieved outstanding, near-sota results for:
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- [Natural language inference](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2101.05716.pdf)*
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- [Review classification](https://medium.com/broadhorizon-cmotions/nlp-with-r-part-5-state-of-the-art-in-nlp-transformers-bert-3449e3cd7494)*
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\* *Note that several evaluations use RobBERT-v1, and that the second and improved RobBERT-v2 outperforms this first model on everything we tested*
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*(Also note that this list is not exhaustive. If you used RobBERT for your application, we are happy to know about it! Send us a mail, or add it yourself to this list by sending a pull request with the edit!)*
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More in-depth information about RobBERT can be found in our [blog post](https://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~pieter.delobelle/robbert/), [our paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06286) and [the RobBERT Github repository](https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT)
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## How to use
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RobBERT uses the [RoBERTa](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692) architecture and pre-training but with a Dutch tokenizer and training data. RoBERTa is the robustly optimized English BERT model, making it even more powerful than the original BERT model. Given this same architecture, RobBERT can easily be finetuned and inferenced using [code to finetune RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/roberta.html) models and most code used for BERT models, e.g. as provided by [HuggingFace Transformers](https://huggingface.co/transformers/) library.
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By default, RobBERT has the masked language model head used in training. This can be used as a zero-shot way to fill masks in sentences. It can be tested out for free on [RobBERT's Hosted infererence API of Huggingface](https://huggingface.co/pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base?text=De+hoofdstad+van+Belgi%C3%AB+is+%3Cmask%3E.). You can also create a new prediction head for your own task by using any of HuggingFace's [RoBERTa-runners](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v2.7.0/examples.html#language-model-training), [their fine-tuning notebooks](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v4.1.1/notebooks.html) by changing the model name to `pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base`, or use the original fairseq [RoBERTa](https://github.com/pytorch/fairseq/tree/master/examples/roberta) training regimes.
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Use the following code to download the base model and finetune it yourself, or use one of our finetuned models (documented on [our project site](https://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~pieter.delobelle/robbert/)).
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```python
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from transformers import RobertaTokenizer, RobertaForSequenceClassification
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tokenizer = RobertaTokenizer.from_pretrained("pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base")
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model = RobertaForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base")
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```
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Starting with `transformers v2.4.0` (or installing from source), you can use AutoTokenizer and AutoModel.
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You can then use most of [HuggingFace's BERT-based notebooks](https://huggingface.co/transformers/v4.1.1/notebooks.html) for finetuning RobBERT on your type of Dutch language dataset.
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## Technical Details From The Paper
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### Our Performance Evaluation Results
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All experiments are described in more detail in our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06286), with the code in [our GitHub repository](https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT).
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### Sentiment analysis
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Predicting whether a review is positive or negative using the [Dutch Book Reviews Dataset](https://github.com/benjaminvdb/110kDBRD).
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| RobBERT v2 | 89.08 |
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## Pre-Training Procedure Details
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We pre-trained RobBERT using the RoBERTa training regime.
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We pre-trained our model on the Dutch section of the [OSCAR corpus](https://oscar-corpus.com/), a large multilingual corpus which was obtained by language classification in the Common Crawl corpus.
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In between training jobs on the computing cluster, 2 Nvidia 1080 Ti's also covered some parameter updates for RobBERT v2.
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## Investigating Limitations and Bias
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In the [RobBERT paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2001.06286), we also investigated potential sources of bias in RobBERT.
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## How to Replicate Our Paper Experiments
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Replicating our paper experiments is [described in detail on teh RobBERT repository README](https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT#how-to-replicate-our-paper-experiments).
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## Name Origin of RobBERT
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Most BERT-like models have the word *BERT* in their name (e.g. [RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/roberta.html), [ALBERT](https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.11942), [CamemBERT](https://camembert-model.fr/), and [many, many others](https://huggingface.co/models?search=bert)).
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As such, we queried our newly trained model using its masked language model to name itself *\<mask\>bert* using [all](https://huggingface.co/pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base?text=Mijn+naam+is+%3Cmask%3Ebert.) [kinds](https://huggingface.co/pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base?text=Hallo%2C+ik+ben+%3Cmask%3Ebert.) [of](https://huggingface.co/pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base?text=Leuk+je+te+ontmoeten%2C+ik+heet+%3Cmask%3Ebert.) [prompts](https://huggingface.co/pdelobelle/robbert-v2-dutch-base?text=Niemand+weet%2C+niemand+weet%2C+dat+ik+%3Cmask%3Ebert+heet.), and it consistently called itself RobBERT.
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We thought it was really quite fitting, given that RobBERT is a [*very* Dutch name](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbert) *(and thus clearly a Dutch language model)*, and additionally has a high similarity to its root architecture, namely [RoBERTa](https://huggingface.co/transformers/model_doc/roberta.html).
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Since *"rob"* is a Dutch words to denote a seal, we decided to draw a seal and dress it up like [Bert from Sesame Street](https://muppet.fandom.com/wiki/Bert) for the [RobBERT logo](https://github.com/iPieter/RobBERT/blob/master/res/robbert_logo.png).
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## Credits and citation
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This project is created by [Pieter Delobelle](https://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~pieter.delobelle), [Thomas Winters](https://thomaswinters.be) and [Bettina Berendt](https://people.cs.kuleuven.be/~bettina.berendt/).
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If you would like to cite our paper or model, you can use the following BibTeX:
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```
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@inproceedings{delobelle2020robbert,
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title = "{R}ob{BERT}: a {D}utch {R}o{BERT}a-based {L}anguage {M}odel",
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author = "Delobelle, Pieter and
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Winters, Thomas and
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Berendt, Bettina",
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booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020",
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month = nov,
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year = "2020",
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address = "Online",
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publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
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url = "https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.findings-emnlp.292",
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doi = "10.18653/v1/2020.findings-emnlp.292",
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pages = "3255--3265"
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}
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```
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