Statistical analysis of nonlinearly reconstructed near-infrared tomographic images. I. Theory and simulations

Abstract: Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse tomography is an emerging method for imaging the interior of tissues to quantify concentrations of hemoglobin and exogenous chromophores noninvasively in vivo. It often exploits an optical diffusion model-based image reconstruction algorithm to estimate spatial property values from measurements of the light flux at the surface of the tissue. In this study, mean-squared error (MSE) over the image is used to evaluate methods for regularizing the ill-posed inverse image reconstruction problem in NIR tomography. Estimates of image bias and image standard deviation were calculated based upon 100 repeated reconstructions of a test image with randomly distributed noise added to the light flux measurements. It was observed that the bias error dominates at high regularization parameter values while variance dominates as the algorithm is allowed to approach the optimal solution. This optimum does not necessarily correspond to the minimum projection error solution, but typically requires further iteration with a decreasing regularization parameter to reach the lowest image error. Increasing measurement noise causes a need to constrain the minimum regularization parameter to higher values in order to achieve a minimum in the overall image MSE

minimum regularization parameter constraint

ill-posed inverse image reconstruction problem regularization


The top cycle and uncovered solutions for weak tournaments

Abstract: We study axiomatic properties of the top cycle and uncovered solutions for weak tournaments. Subsequently, we establish its connection with the rational choice theory

top cycle
uncovered solutions
weak tournaments
axiomatic properties
rational choice theory


User-appropriate tyre-modelling for vehicle dynamics in standard and limit situations

Abstract: When modelling vehicles for the vehicle dynamic simulation, special attention must be paid to the modelling of tyre forces and -torques, according to their dominant influence on the results. This task is not only about sufficiently exact representation of the effective forces but also about user-friendly and practical relevant applicability, especially when the experimental tyre-input-data is incomplete or missing. This text firstly describes the basics of the vehicle dynamic tyre model, conceived to be a physically based, semi-empirical model for application in connection with multi-body-systems (MBS). On the basis of tyres for a passenger car and a heavy truck the simulated steady state tyre characteristics are shown together and compared with the underlying experimental values. The possibility to link the tyre model TMeasy to any MBS-program is described, as far as it supports the 'Standard Tyre Interface'. As an example, the simulated and experimental data of a heavy truck doing a standardized driving manoeuvre are compared


Changes in the entropy and the Tsallis difference information during spontaneous decay and self-organization of nonextensive systems

Abstract: A theoretical-information description of self-organization processes during stimulated transitions between stationary states of open nonextensive systems is presented. S/sub q/- and I/sub q/-theorems on changes of the entropy and Tsallis difference information measures in the process of evolution in the space of control parameters are proved. The entropy and the Tsallis difference information are derived and their new extreme properties are discussed

entropy
Tsallis difference information
spontaneous decay
self-organization
nonextensive systems
stimulated transitions
information measures
control parameters
nonextensive statistical mechanics


Content all clear [workflow & content management]

Abstract: Graeme Muir of SchlumbergerSema cuts through the confusion between content, document and records management

SchlumbergerSema
content management
document management
records management


Parallel interior point schemes for solving multistage convex programming

Abstract: The predictor-corrector interior-point path-following algorithm is promising in solving multistage convex programming problems. Among many other general good features of this algorithm, especially attractive is that the algorithm allows the possibility to parallelise the major computations. The dynamic structure of the multistage problems specifies a block-tridiagonal system at each Newton step of the algorithm. A wrap-around permutation is then used to implement the parallel computation for this step


Use of web technologies in construction project management: what are the critical success/failure factors?

Abstract: A concept of how the World Wide Web (WWW) and its associated technologies can be used to manage construction projects has been recognized by practitioners in the construction industry for quite sometime. This concept is often referred to as a Web-Based Project Management System (WPMS). It promises, to enhance construction project documentation and control, and to revolutionize the way construction project teams process and transmit project information. WPMS is an electronic project-management system conducted through the Internet. The system provides a centralized, commonly accessible, reliable means of transmitting and storing project information. Project information is stored on the server and a standard Web browser is used as the gateway to exchange this information, eliminating geographic and hardware platforms boundary

Web-Based Project Management System
construction industry
project documentation
project control
success
implementation
Web browser


MRP in a job shop environment using a resource constrained project scheduling model

Abstract: One of the most difficult tasks in a job shop manufacturing environment is to balance schedule and capacity in an ongoing basis. MRP systems are commonly used for scheduling, although their inability to deal with capacity constraints adequately is a severe drawback. In this study, we show that material requirements planning can be done more effectively in a job shop environment using a resource constrained project scheduling model. The proposed model augments MRP models by incorporating capacity constraints and using variable lead time lengths. The efficacy of this approach is tested on MRP systems by comparing the inventory carrying costs and resource allocation of the solutions obtained by the proposed model to those obtained by using a traditional MRP model. In general, it is concluded that the proposed model provides improved schedules with considerable reductions in inventory carrying costs


Robustness evaluation of a minimal RBF neural network for nonlinear-data-storage-channel equalisation

Abstract: The authors present a performance-robustness evaluation of the recently developed minimal resource allocation network (MRAN) for equalisation in highly nonlinear magnetic recording channels in disc storage systems. Unlike communication systems, equalisation of signals in these channels is a difficult problem, as they are corrupted by data-dependent noise and highly nonlinear distortions. Nair and Moon (1997) have proposed a maximum signal to distortion ratio (MSDR) equaliser for data storage channels, which uses a specially designed neural network, where all the parameters of the neural network are determined theoretically, based on the exact knowledge of the channel model parameters. In the present paper, the performance of the MSDR equaliser is compared with that of the MRAN equaliser using a magnetic recording channel model, under Conditions that include variations in partial erasure, jitter, width and noise power, as well as model mismatch. Results from the study indicate that the less complex MRAN equaliser gives consistently better performance robustness than the MSDR equaliser in terms of signal to distortion ratios (SDRs)

maximum signal to distortion ratio equaliser


LR parsing for conjunctive grammars

Abstract: The generalized LR parsing algorithm for context-free grammars, introduced by Tomita in 1986, is a polynomial-time implementation of nondeterministic LR parsing that uses graph-structured stack to represent the contents of the nondeterministic parser's pushdown for all possible branches of computation at a single computation step. It has been specifically developed as a solution for practical parsing tasks arising in computational linguistics, and indeed has proved itself to be very suitable for natural language processing. Conjunctive grammars extend context-free grammars by allowing the use of an explicit intersection operation within grammar rules. This paper develops a new LR-style parsing algorithm for these grammars, which is based on the very same idea of a graph-structured pushdown, where the simultaneous existence of several paths in the graph is used to perform the mentioned intersection operation. The underlying finite automata are treated in the most general way: instead of showing the algorithm's correctness for some particular way of constructing automata, the paper defines a wide class of automata usable with a given grammar, which includes not only the traditional LR(k) automata, but also, for instance, a trivial automaton with a single reachable state. A modification of the SLR(k) table construction method that makes use of specific properties of conjunctive grammars is provided as one possible way of making finite automata to use with the algorithm

conjunctive grammars
generalized LR parsing algorithm
graph-structured stack
nondeterministic parser pushdown
computation
computational linguistics
natural language processing
context-free grammars
explicit intersection operation
grammar rules
finite automata
trivial automaton
single reachable state
Boolean closure
deterministic context-free languages


A digital-driving system for smart vehicles

Abstract: In the wake of the computer and information technology revolutions, vehicles are undergoing dramatic changes in their capabilities and how they interact with drivers. Although some vehicles can decide to either generate warnings for the human driver or control the vehicle autonomously, they must usually make these decisions in real time with only incomplete information. So, human drivers must still maintain control over the vehicle. I sketch a digital driving behavior model. By simulating and analyzing driver behavior during different maneuvers such as lane changing, lane following, and traffic avoidance, researchers participating in the Beijing Institute of Technology's digital-driving project will be able to examine the possible correlations or causal relations between the smart vehicle, IVISs, the intelligent road-traffic-information network, and the driver. We aim to successfully demonstrate that a digital-driving system can provide a direction for developing human-centered smart vehicles

intelligent road traffic information network


On bandlimited scaling function

Abstract: This paper discusses band-limited scaling function, especially the single interval band case and three interval band cases. Their relationship to oversampling property and weakly translation invariance are also studied. At the end, we propose an open problem

bandlimited scaling function
interval band case
oversampling property
weakly translation invariance


A phytography of WALDMEISTER

Abstract: The architecture of the WALDMEISTER prover for unit equational deduction is based on a strict separation of active and passive facts. After an inspection of the system's proof procedure, the representation of each of the central data structures is outlined, namely indexing for the active facts, compression for the passive facts, successor sets for the hypotheses, and minimal recording of inference steps for the proof object. In order to cope with large search spaces, specialized redundancy criteria are employed, and the empirically gained control knowledge is integrated to ease the use of the system. The paper concludes with a quantitative comparison of the WALDMEISTER versions over the years, and a view of the future prospects

WALDMEISTER
theorem prover
unit equational deduction
passive facts
active facts
data structures
indexing
hypotheses
phytography
CADE ATP System Competition
inference
large search spaces
redundancy
future prospects


Parcel boundary identification with computer-assisted boundary overlay process for Taiwan

Abstract: The study investigates the design of a process for parcel boundary identification with cadastral map overlay using the principle of least squares. The objective of this research is to provide an objective tool for boundary identification survey. The proposed process includes an adjustment model, a weighting scheme, and other related operations. A numerical example is included

computer assisted boundary overlay process


Abstract: D. Weisser (1981) proved that there are exactly four Galois cubic number fields with Hilbert modular threefolds of arithmetic genus one. In this paper, we extend Weisser's work to cover all cubic number fields. Our main result is that there are exactly 33 fields with Hilbert modular threefolds of arithmetic genus one. These fields are enumerated explicitly

Hilbert modular threefolds
arithmetic genus one
Galois cubic number fields


Verifying concurrent systems with symbolic execution

Abstract: Current techniques for interactively proving temporal properties of concurrent systems translate transition systems into temporal formulas by introducing program counter variables. Proofs are not intuitive, because control flow is not explicitly considered. For sequential programs symbolic execution is a very intuitive, interactive proof strategy. In this paper we adopt this technique for parallel programs. Properties are formulated in interval temporal logic. An implementation in the interactive theorem prover KIV has shown that this technique offers a high degree of automation and allows simple, local invariants

concurrent systems verification
symbolic execution
temporal properties
concurrent systems
transition systems
temporal formulas
program counter variables
sequential programs
parallel programs
interactive theorem prover KIV
local invariants


Driving the NKK Smartswitch.2. Graphics and text

Abstract: Whether your message is one of workplace safety or world peace, the long nights of brooding over ways to tell the world are over. Part 1 described the basic interface to drive the Smartswitch. Part 2 adds the bells and whistles to allow both text and messages to be placed anywhere on the screen. It considers character generation, graphic generation and the user interface

NKK Smartswitch
computer graphics
text
messages
character generation
graphic generation
user interface


Computational challenges in cell simulation: a software engineering approach

Abstract: Molecular biology's advent in the 20th century has exponentially increased our knowledge about the inner workings of life. We have dozens of completed genomes and an array of high-throughput methods to characterize gene encodings and gene product operation. The question now is how we will assemble the various pieces. In other words, given sufficient information about a living cell's molecular components, can we predict its behavior? We introduce the major classes of cellular processes relevant to modeling, discuss software engineering's role in cell simulation, and identify cell simulation requirements. Our E-Cell project aims to develop the theories, techniques, and software platforms necessary for whole-cell-scale modeling, simulation, and analysis. Since the project's launch in 1996, we have built a variety of cell models, and we are currently developing new models that vary with respect to species, target subsystem, and overall scale

cell simulation
software engineering
object-oriented design
molecular biology
E-Cell project
whole-cell-scale modeling


Effects of the transition to a client-centred team organization in administrative surveying work

Abstract: A new work organization was introduced in administrative surveying work in Sweden during 1998. The new work organization implied a transition to a client-centred team-based organization and required a change in competence from specialist to generalist knowledge as well as a transition to a new information technology, implying a greater integration within the company. The aim of this study was to follow the surveyors for two years from the start of the transition and investigate how perceived consequences of the transition, job, organizational factors, well-being and effectiveness measures changed between 1998 and 2000. The Teamwork Profile and QPS Nordic questionnaire were used. The 205 surveyors who participated in all three study phases constituted the study group. The result showed that surveyors who perceived that they were working as generalists rated the improvements in job and organizational factors significantly higher than those who perceived that they were not yet generalists. Improvements were noted in 2000 in quality of service to clients, time available to handle a case and effectiveness of teamwork in a transfer to a team-based work organization group, cohesion and continuous improvement practices-for example, learning by doing, mentoring and guided delegation-were important to improve the social effectiveness of group work

client-centred team organization
administrative surveying work
information technology
company
job
organizational factors
effectiveness measures
Teamwork Profile
QPS Nordic questionnaire
social effectiveness
public administrative sector


The development and evaluation of a fuzzy logic expert system for renal transplantation assignment: Is this a useful tool?

Abstract: Allocating donor kidneys to patients is a complex, multicriteria decision-making problem which involves not only medical, but also ethical and political issues. In this paper, a fuzzy logic expert system approach was proposed as an innovative way to deal with the vagueness and complexity faced by medical doctors in kidney allocation decision making. A pilot fuzzy logic expert system for kidney allocation was developed and evaluated in comparison with two existing allocation algorithms: a priority sorting system used by multiple organ retrieval and exchange (MORE) in Canada and a point scoring systems used by united network for organ sharing (UNOS) in US. Our simulated experiment based on real data indicated that the fuzzy logic system can represent the expert's thinking well in handling complex tradeoffs, and overall, the fuzzy logic derived recommendations were more acceptable to the expert than those from the MORE and UNOS algorithms

renal transplantation assignment
fuzzy logic expert system
donor kidneys
multicriteria decision-making problem
kidney allocation decision making
priority sorting system
multiple organ retrieval exchange
point scoring systems
united network for organ sharing
simulated experiment
complex tradeoff handling


Strong and weak points of the MUSCADET theorem prover-examples from CASC-JC

Abstract: MUSCADET is a knowledge-based theorem prover based on natural deduction. It has participated in CADE Automated theorem proving System Competitions. The results show its complementarity with regard to resolution-based provers. This paper presents some of its crucial methods and gives some examples of MUSCADET proofs from the last competition (CASC-JC in IJCAR 2001)


A formal model of correctness in a cadastre

Abstract: A key issue for cadastral systems is the maintenance of their correctness. Correctness is defined to be the proper correspondence between the valid legal situation and the content of the cadastre. This correspondence is generally difficult to achieve, since the cadastre is not a complete representation of all aspects influencing the legal situation in reality. The goal of the paper is to develop a formal model comprising representations of the cadastre and of reality that allows the simulation and investigation of cases where this correspondence is potentially violated. For this purpose the model consists of two parts, the first part represents the valid legal situation and the second part represents the cadastre. This makes it feasible to mark the differences between reality and the cadastre. The marking together with the two parts of the model facilitate the discussion of issues in "real-world" cadastral systems where incorrectness occurs. In order to develop a formal model, the paper uses the transfer of ownership of a parcel between two persons as minimal case study. The foundation for the formalization is a modern version of the situation calculus. The focus moves from the analysis of the cadastre to the preparation of a conceptual and a formalized model and the implementation of a prototype

formal correctness model
cadastre
cadastral systems
correctness maintenance
legal situation
formal model
transfer of ownership
minimal case study
situation calculus
formalized model


Examining children's reading performance and preference for different computer-displayed text

Abstract: This study investigated how common online text affects reading performance of elementary school-age children by examining the actual and perceived readability of four computer-displayed typefaces at 12- and 14-point sizes. Twenty-seven children, ages 9 to 11, were asked to read eight children's passages and identify erroneous/substituted words while reading. Comic Sans MS, Arial and Times New Roman typefaces, regardless of size, were found to be more readable (as measured by a reading efficiency score) than Courier New. No differences in reading speed were found for any of the typeface combinations. In general, the 14-point size and the examined sans serif typefaces were perceived as being the easiest to read, fastest, most attractive, and most desirable for school-related material. In addition, participants significantly preferred Comic Sans MS and 14-point Arial to 12-point Courier. Recommendations for appropriate typeface combinations for children reading on computers are discussed

child reading performance
computer-displayed text
online text
elementary school-age children
computer-displayed typefaces
fonts
user interface
human factors
educational computing


An optimization approach to plan for reusable software components

Abstract: It is well acknowledged in software engineering that there is a great potential for accomplishing significant productivity improvements through the implementation of a successful software reuse program. On the other hand, such gains are attainable only by instituting detailed action plans at both the organizational and program level. Given this need, the paucity of research papers related to planning, and in particular, optimized planning is surprising. This research, which is aimed at this gap, brings out an application of optimization for the planning of reusable software components (SCs). We present a model that selects a set of SCs that must be built, in order to lower development and adaptation costs. We also provide implications to project management based on simulation, an approach that has been adopted by other cost models in the software engineering literature. Such a prescriptive model does not exist in the literature

software engineering
productivity improvements
software reuse program
optimization
action plans
optimized planning
reusable software components
adaptation costs
development costs
project management
simulation


Optimal time of switching between portfolios of securities

Abstract: Optimal time of switching between several portfolios of securities are found for the purpose of profit maximization. Two methods of their determination are considered. The cases with three and n portfolios are studied in detail

optimal time
portfolios of securities
profit maximization


Using extended logic programming for alarm-correlation in cellular phone networks

Abstract: Alarm correlation is a necessity in large mobile phone networks, where the alarm bursts resulting from severe failures would otherwise overload the network operators. We describe how to realize alarm-correlation in cellular phone networks using extended logic programming. To this end, we describe an algorithm and system solving the problem, a model of a mobile phone network application, and a detailed solution for a specific scenario

extended logic programming
alarm-correlation
cellular phone networks
large mobile phone networks
network operators
fault diagnosis


Necessary conditions of optimality for impulsive systems on Banach spaces

Abstract: We present necessary conditions of optimality for optimal control problems arising in systems governed by impulsive evolution equations on Banach spaces. Basic notations and terminologies are first presented and necessary conditions of optimality are presented. Special cases are discussed and we present an application to the classical linear quadratic regulator problem

linear quadratic regulator
optimality
impulsive systems
optimal control
impulsive evolution equations
Banach spaces
necessary conditions


Neural networks for web content filtering

Abstract: With the proliferation of harmful Internet content such as pornography, violence, and hate messages, effective content-filtering systems are essential. Many Web-filtering systems are commercially available, and potential users can download trial versions from the Internet. However, the techniques these systems use are insufficiently accurate and do not adapt well to the ever-changing Web. To solve this problem, we propose using artificial neural networks to classify Web pages during content filtering. We focus on blocking pornography because it is among the most prolific and harmful Web content. However, our general framework is adaptable for filtering other objectionable Web material

pornographic/nonpornographic Web page differentiation


Cleared for take-off [Hummingbird Enterprise]

Abstract: A recent Gartner report identifies Hummingbird in the first wave of vendors as an early example of convergence in the 'smart enterprise suite' market. We spoke to Hummingbird's Marketing Director for Northern Europe

smart enterprise suite
Hummingbird Enterprise
information content
knowledge content
collaboration


Vacuum-compatible vibration isolation stack for an interferometric gravitational wave detector TAMA300

Abstract: Interferometric gravitational wave detectors require a large degree of vibration isolation. For this purpose, a multilayer stack constructed of rubber and metal blocks is suitable, because it provides isolation in all degrees of freedom at once. In TAMA300, a 300 m interferometer in Japan, long-term dimensional stability and compatibility with an ultrahigh vacuum environment of about 10/sup -6/ Pa are also required. To keep the interferometer at its operating point despite ground strain and thermal drift of the isolation system, a thermal actuator was introduced. To prevent the high outgassing rate of the rubber from spoiling the vacuum, the rubber blocks were enclosed by gas-tight bellows. Using these techniques, we have successfully developed a three-layer stack which has a vibration isolation ratio of more than 10/sup 3/ at 300 Hz with control of drift and enough vacuum compatibility

interferometric gravitational wave detectors


Bivariate fractal interpolation functions on rectangular domains

Abstract: Non-tensor product bivariate fractal interpolation functions defined on gridded rectangular domains are constructed. Linear spaces consisting of these functions are introduced. The relevant Lagrange interpolation problem is discussed. A negative result about the existence of affine fractal interpolation functions defined on such domains is obtained


Approach to adaptive neural net-based H/sub infinity / control design

Abstract: An approach is investigated for the adaptive neural net-based H/sub infinity / control design of a class of nonlinear uncertain systems. In the proposed framework, two multilayer feedforward neural networks are constructed as an alternative to approximate the nonlinear system. The neural networks are piecewisely interpolated to generate a linear differential inclusion model by which a linear state feedback H/sub infinity / control law can be applied. An adaptive weight adjustment mechanism for the multilayer feedforward neural networks is developed to ensure H/sub infinity / regulation performance. It is shown that finding the control gain matrices can be transformed into a standard linear matrix inequality problem and solved via a developed recurrent neural network


Feldkamp-type image reconstruction from equiangular data

Abstract: The cone-beam approach for image reconstruction attracts increasing attention in various applications, especially medical imaging. Previously, the traditional practical cone-beam reconstruction method, the Feldkamp algorithm, was generalized into the case of spiral/helical scanning loci with equispatial cone-beam projection data. In this paper, we formulated the generalized Feldkamp algorithm in the case of equiangular cone-beam projection data, and performed numerical simulation to evaluate the image quality. Because medical multi-slice/cone-beam CT scanners typically use equiangular projection data, our new formula may be useful in this area as a framework for further refinement and a benchmark for comparison


An algorithm combining neural networks with fundamental parameters

Abstract: An algorithm combining neural networks with the fundamental parameters equations (NNFP) is proposed for making corrections for non-linear matrix effects in x-ray fluorescence analysis. In the algorithm, neural networks were applied to relate the concentrations of components to both the measured intensities and the relative theoretical intensities calculated by the fundamental parameter equations. The NNFP algorithm is compared with the classical theoretical correction models, including the fundamental parameters approach, the Lachance-Traill model, a hyperbolic function model and the COLA algorithm. For an alloy system with 15 measured elements, in most cases, the prediction errors of the NNFP algorithm are lower than those of the fundamental parameters approach, the Lachance-Traill model, the hyperbolic function model and the COLA algorithm separately. If there are the serious matrix effects, such as matrix effects among Cr, Fe and Ni, the NNFP algorithm generally decreased predictive errors as compared with the classical models, except for the case of Cr by the fundamental parameters approach. The main reason why the NNFP algorithm has generally a better predictive ability than the classical theoretical correction models might be that neural networks can better calibrate the non-linear matrix effects in a complex multivariate system

algorithm
neural networks
fundamental parameters
fundamental parameters equations
nonlinear matrix effects
x-ray fluorescence analysis
intensities
NNFP algorithm
theoretical correction models
Lachance-Traill model
hyperbolic function model
COLA algorithm
alloy system
Cr
Fe
Ni
complex multivariate system


Estimation of an N-L-N Hammerstein-Wiener model

Abstract: Estimation of a single-input single-output block-oriented model is studied. The model consists of a linear block embedded between two static nonlinear gains. Hence, it is called an N-L-N Hammerstein-Wiener model. First, the model structure is motivated and the disturbance model is discussed. The paper then concentrates on parameter estimation. A relaxation iteration scheme is proposed by making use of a model structure in which the error is bilinear-in-parameters. This leads to a simple algorithm which minimizes the original loss function. The convergence and consistency of the algorithm are studied. In order to reduce the variance error, the obtained linear model is further reduced using frequency weighted model reduction. A simulation study is used to illustrate the method


Quantitative analysis of reconstructed 3-D coronary arterial tree and intracoronary devices

Abstract: Traditional quantitative coronary angiography is performed on two-dimensional (2-D) projection views. These views are chosen by the angiographer to minimize vessel overlap and foreshortening. With 2-D projection views that are acquired in this nonstandardized fashion, however, there is no way to know or estimate how much error occurs in the QCA process. Furthermore, coronary arteries possess a curvilinear shape and undergo a cyclical deformation due to their attachment to the myocardium. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain three-dimensional (3-D) information to best describe and quantify the dynamic curvilinear nature of the human coronary artery. Using a patient-specific 3-D coronary reconstruction algorithm and routine angiographic images, a new technique is proposed to describe: (1) the curvilinear nature of 3-D coronary arteries and intracoronary devices; (2) the magnitude of the arterial deformation caused by intracoronary devices and due to heart motion; and (3) optimal view(s) with respect to the desired "pathway" for delivering intracoronary devices

dynamic curvilinear nature quantification


Adaptive stabilization of undamped flexible structures

Abstract: In the paper non-identifier-based adaptive stabilization of undamped flexible structures is considered in the case of collocated input and output operators. The systems have poles and zeros on the imaginary axis. In the case where velocity feedback is available, the adaptive stabilizer is constructed by an adaptive PD-controller (proportional plus derivative controller). In the case where only position feedback is available, the adaptive stabilizer is constructed by an adaptive P-controller for the augmented system which consists of the controlled system and a parallel compensator. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers

adaptive stabilization
undamped flexible structures
poles and zeros
imaginary axis
velocity feedback
adaptive PD-controller
proportional plus derivative controller
position feedback
adaptive P-controller
augmented system
parallel compensator


Distribution software: ROI is king

Abstract: Middle-market accounting software vendors are taking to the open road, by way of souped-up distribution suites that can track product as it wends its way from warehouse floor to customer site. Integration provides efficiencies, and cost savings

accounting software
warehouse management
distribution


Input-output based pole-placement controller for a class of time-delay systems

Abstract: A controller structure valid for SISO plants involving both internal and external point delays is presented. The control signal is based only on the input and output plant signals. The controller allows finite or infinite spectrum assignment. The most important feature of the proposed controller is that it only involves the use of a class of point-delayed signals. Thus the controller synthesis involves less computational cost than former methods. Since the plant control input is generated by filtering the input and output plant signals, this controller structure is potentially applicable to the adaptive case of unknown plant parameters

input-output based pole-placement controller


A parareal in time procedure for the control of partial differential equations

Abstract: We have proposed in a previous note a time discretization for partial differential evolution equation that allows for parallel implementations. This scheme is here reinterpreted as a preconditioning procedure on an algebraic setting of the time discretization. This allows for extending the parallel methodology to the problem of optimal control for partial differential equations. We report a first numerical implementation that reveals a large interest

time procedure
partial differential equation control
evolution equation
preconditioning procedure
Hilbert space
algebraic setting
time discretization
optimal control


Becoming a chief librarian: an analysis of transition stages in academic library leadership

Abstract: The author explores how the four-part model of transition cycles identified by Nicholson and West (1988) applies to becoming a chief librarian of an academic library. The four stages: preparation, encounter, adjustment, and stabilization, are considered from the micro-, mezzo-, and macrolevels of the organization, as well as for their psychological and social impact on the new job incumbent. An instrument for assessment of transitional success which could be administered in the adjustment or stabilization stage is considered

chief librarian
transition stages
academic library leadership
organization
psychological impact
social impact
job
transition cycles model


A VMEbus interface for multi-detector trigger and control system

Abstract: MUSE (MUltiplicity SElector) is the trigger and control system of CHIMERA, a 4 pi charged particle detector. Initialization of MUSE can be performed via VMEbus. This paper describes the design of VMEbus interface and functional module in MUSE, and briefly discusses an application of MUSE

VMEbus interface
MUSE
CHIMERA
trigger system
control system


Solution of a class of two-dimensional integral equations

Abstract: The two-dimensional integral equation 1/ pi integral integral /sub D/( phi (r, theta )/R/sup 2/)dS=f(r/sub 0/, theta /sub 0/) defined on a circular disk D: r/sub 0/<or=a, 0<or= theta /sub 0/<or=2 pi , is considered in the present paper. Here R in the kernel denotes the distance between two points P(r, theta ) and P/sub 0/(r/sub 0/, theta /sub 0/) in D, and 0< alpha <2 or 2< alpha <4. Based on some known results of Bessel functions, integral representations of the kernel are established for 0< alpha <2 and 2< alpha <4, respectively, and employed to solve the corresponding two-dimensional integral equation. The solutions of the weakly singular integral equation for 0< alpha <2 and of the hypersingular integral equation for 2< alpha <4 are obtained, respectively

2D integral equations
circular disk
kernel
Bessel functions
integral representations
weakly singular integral equation
hypersingular integral equation


Using DEVS formalism to operationalize ELP models for diagnosis in SACHEM

Abstract: This paper describes an original approach to discrete event control of continuous processes by means of expert knowledge. We present an application of this approach on the SACHEM diagnosis subsystem. The SACHEM system is a large-scale knowledge-based system that aims in helping a set of operators to control the dynamics of complex continuous systems (e.g., blast furnaces). The proposed method is based on: (i) The definition of a language facilitating the acquisition and representation of expert knowledge, called ELP (Expert Language Process); (ii) The use of the DEVS formalism to make ELP models operational; (iii) Algorithms for exploiting operational models

SACHEM
ELP models
discrete event control
continuous processes
SACHEM system
expert knowledge
complex continuous systems
knowledge representation
knowledge acquisition
DEVS


VSAT technology aids growth

Abstract: Choosing to migrate to IP-based applications also means deciding whether terrestrial technologies such as frame relay, DSL or "plain old telephone service" (POTS) can provide the scalability, flexibility and high bandwidth required to support those applications, and whether these technologies can do so affordably. Each option has its tradeoffs. Also, in each case, retailers with nationwide chains have to deal with multiple last-mile service providers for service installation and network maintenance. Because of this, many retailers are selecting two-way satellite networking technology (frequently referred to as VSAT) as the technology of choice for always-on, nationwide, high-speed connectivity coupled with end-to-end network ownership and favorable economics. Enterprises are adopting VSAT platforms not only for emerging IP and Web-based applications, but also for mission-critical, front-office functions such as credit authorization and point-of-sale polling


Modifier formula on mean square convergence of LMS algorithm

Abstract: In describing the mean square convergence of the LMS algorithm, the update formula based on independence assumption will bring explicit errors, especially when step-size is large. A modifier formula that describes the convergence well, is proposed. Simulations support the proposed formula in different conditions

LMS algorithm
mean square convergence
update formula
independence assumption
modifier formula
adaptive filtering
LMS filter


The effects of technology on midcareer librarians

Abstract: This article investigates technology competency requirements in the library profession. Using the position advertisements in American Libraries in five-year increments over a twenty-year period (1970-1990), the article examines and evaluates the advertised qualifications of positions and attempts to see if midcareer librarians-especially those who have achieved their degree prior to the change in MLS curriculum that currently emphasizes technology-are "effective" librarians in the present and future job market

midcareer librarians
technology competency requirements
library profession
job market


The road to recovery [disaster planning]

Abstract: September 11 stripped us of our innocence, forcing corporations to recognize that disaster planning is a business necessity

disaster planning
recovery
risk management


Practice management goes remote [accounting]

Abstract: There's a lot of life in accounting practice management software, a valuable category that has been subject to much change in the last few years. Web-based time tracking grows in popularity. Looks at CCH ProSystem fx Practice, CMS Open Solutions 6, Creative Solutions Practice, Time Matters, CPASoftware Visual Practice Management, and Abak

accounting practice management software
Web-based time tracking
CCH ProSystem fx Practice
CMS Open Solutions 6
Creative Solutions Practice
Time Matters
CPASoftware Visual Practice Management
Abak


Control performance with three translational degrees of freedom

Abstract: For multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) systems, it is important to determine how accurately operators can control each DOF and what influence perceptual, information processing, and psychomotor components have on performance. Sixteen right-handed male students participated in 2 experiments: 1 involving positioning and 1 involving tracking with 3 translational DOFs. To separate perceptual and psychomotor effects, we used 2 control-display mappings that differed in the coupling of vertical and depth dimensions to the up-down and fore-aft control axes. We observed information processing effects in the positioning task: Initial error correction on the vertical dimension lagged in time behind the horizontal dimension. The depth dimension error correction lagged behind both, which was ascribed to the poorer perceptual information. We observed this perceptual effect also in the tracking experiment. Motor effects were also present, with tracking errors along the up-down axis of the hand controller being 1.1 times larger than along the fore-aft axis. These results indicate that all 3 components contribute to control performance. Actual applications of this research include interface design

control performance
multi-DOF systems
positioning
tracking
perceptual effects
psychomotor effects
initial error correction
depth dimension error correction
interface design
remote control
virtual reality


Passing the image test [imaging accreditation]

Abstract: Accredited imaging qualifications, hot on the heels of Microsoft, Cisco and others, are taking off in the USA. Dave Tyler looks at the CDIA+ qualification that looks likely to become the exam of choice for the DM industry

accreditation
imaging qualifications
CDIA+


Asymptotic analysis of (3, 2, 1)-Shell Sort

Abstract: We analyze the (3, 2, 1)-Shell Sort algorithm under the usual random permutation model

Shell Sort
sorting
algorithm
moderate-sized lists
random permutation
additive functional
local limit theorem
Markov chain
Poissonization
asymptotic analysis


FC++: Functional tools for object-oriented tasks

Abstract: FC++ is a library for programming functionally in C++. Compared to other C++ functional programming libraries, FC++ is distinguished by its powerful type system which allows the manipulation of parametrically polymorphic functions (e.g., passing them as arguments to other functions and returning them as results). In this paper, we show how FC++ can be used in common object-oriented programming tasks. We demonstrate FC++ implementations of several common design patterns (Adapter, Builder, Command, and more). Compared to conventional C++ implementations of these patterns, our implementations are either simpler (in that fewer classes/dependencies are needed), more efficient, or more type-safe (thanks to parametric polymorphism and type inference)

library
functional programming
FC++
object-oriented programming
parametric polymorphism
C++


Single and multi-interval Legendre tau -methods in time for parabolic equations

Abstract: In this paper, we take the parabolic equation with periodic boundary conditions as a model to present a spectral method with the Fourier approximation in spatial and single/multi-interval Legendre Petrov-Galerkin methods in time. For the single interval spectral method in time, we obtain the optimal error estimate in L/sup 2/-norm. For the multi-interval spectral method in time, the L/sup 2/-optimal error estimate is valid in spatial. Numerical results show the efficiency of the methods

interval decomposition
parabolic equation
interval spectral method
error analysis
optimal error estimation
periodic boundary conditions
Fourier approximation
Legendre Petrov-Galerkin method
partial differential equations


Adaptive array antenna based on radial basis function network as multiuser detection for WCDMA

Abstract: An adaptive array antenna is proposed based on the radial basis function (RBF) network as a multiuser detector for a WCDMA system. The proposed system calculates the optimal combining weight coefficients using sample matrix inversion with a common correlation matrix algorithm and obtains the channel response vector using the RBF output signal

adaptive array antenna
radial basis function network
multiuser detection
W-CDMA
RBF network
optimal combining weight coefficients
sample matrix inversion
correlation matrix algorithm
channel response vector
Wideband code division multiple access


Convergence of a finite volume scheme for nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations

Abstract: One approximates the entropy weak solution u of a nonlinear parabolic degenerate equation u/sub t/+div(qf(u))- Delta phi (u)=0 by a piecewise constant function u/sub D/ using a discretization D in space and time and a finite volume scheme. The convergence of u/sub D/ to u is shown as the size of the space and time steps tend to zero. In a first step, estimates on u/sub D/ are used to prove the convergence, up to a subsequence, of u/sub D/ to a measure valued entropy solution (called here an entropy process solution). A result of uniqueness of the entropy process solution is proved, yielding the strong convergence of u/sub D/ to u. Some numerical results on a model equation are shown


Using duality to implicitize and find cusps and inflection points of Bezier curves

Abstract: A planar algebraic curve C has an implicit equation and a tangential equation. The tangential equation defines a dual curve to C. Starting with a parametrization of C, we find a parametrization of the dual curve, and the tangential equation and implicit equation of C in a novel way. We also find equations whose roots are the parameter values of the cusps and inflection points of C. Methods include polar reciprocation and the theory of envelopes

planar algebraic curve
implicit equation
tangential equation
dual curve
parametrization
cusps
inflection points
polar reciprocation
envelope theory
Bezier curves


Numerical solution of forward and backward problem for 2-D heat conduction equation

Abstract: For a two-dimensional heat conduction problem, we consider its initial boundary value problem and the related inverse problem of determining the initial temperature distribution from transient temperature measurements. The conditional stability for this inverse problem and the error analysis for the Tikhonov regularization are presented. An implicit inversion method, which is based on the regularization technique and the successive over-relaxation (SOR) iteration process, is established. Due to the explicit difference scheme for a direct heat problem developed in this paper, the inversion process is very efficient, while the application of SOR technique makes our inversion convergent rapidly. Numerical results illustrating our method are also given

successive over-relaxation iteration process


Human face detection in visual scenes using neural networks

Abstract: This paper presents a neural network based face detection system. Our objective is to design a system that can detect human faces in visual scenes at high searching speed and accuracy. We used a neural network with a simple structure but trained using face and non-face samples preprocessed by several methods (position normalization, histogram equalization, etc.) to attain high accuracy, then pruned the size of the neural network so that it could run faster and reduced the total search area of a target visual scene using the skin color detector. Skin color detection assumes that faces reside only in skin color regions. The system design is made up of two parts: the face detecting system that detects the faces, and the searching speed improving system. Speed improvement is achieved by reducing the face locator network size using the structural learning with knowledge and by reducing the face search area using the skin color detection system. Faster training of the neural networks was also achieved using variable step sizes

backpropagation
self organizing maps
down-sampling
neural network
human face recognition
visual scene
skin color detector
face detecting system
merging overlapping detections


Performance, design and control of a series-parallel (CL/sup 2/-type) resonant DC/DC converter

Abstract: The three-element resonant network has various topological alternatives, one of which, a prospective compound topology, is investigated in detail. The converter uses one capacitor (C) and two inductors (L/sup 2/), to form a compound type CL/sup 2/ network. Various advantages and limitations of the converter are detailed, and a new design procedure for such converters is also introduced. The converter may be controlled by varying the switching frequency or by pulse-width modulation. An experimental prototype has been produced and an excellent performance in the lagging power-factor mode has been confirmed

series-parallel resonant DC/DC power converter


Cultural differences in developers' perceptions of information systems success factors: Japan vs. the United States

Abstract: The study examined the perceptions of information systems (IS) developers from Japan and the United States regarding the strategies that are considered most important for successful implementation of an IS. The results of principal component analysis revealed that the IS strategies could be reduced to five components: (1) characteristics of the team members, (2) characteristics of the project leader, (3) management/user input, (4) proper technology, and (5) communication. The results indicated that there was a significant difference in the perceptions of Japanese and US developers with respect to the importance of the five components. Japanese developers perceived the project leader as the most crucial component for determining the success of an IS project. Team member characteristics was viewed as the least important by Japanese developers. On the other hand, developers from the US viewed communications as the most critical component. Project leader characteristics were perceived to be the least important by US developers. The results were discussed in terms of cultural differences

information systems developer perceptions


Dedekind zeta-functions and Dedekind sums

Abstract: In this paper we use Dedekind zeta functions of two real quadratic number fields at -1 to denote Dedekind sums of high rank. Our formula is different from that of Siegel's (1969). As an application, we get a polynomial representation of zeta /sub K/(-1) = zeta /sub K/(-1) = 1/45(26n/sup 3/ - 41n +or- 9), n identical to +or-2(mod 5), where K = Q( square root (5q)), prime q = 4n/sup 2/ + 1, and the class number of quadratic number field K/sub 2/ = Q( square root q) is 1

Dedekind zeta-functions
Dedekind sums
real quadratic number fields
polynomial representation


Business school research: bridging the gap between producers and consumers

Abstract: There has been a great deal of continuing discussion concerning the seemingly unbridgeable gap between so much of the research produced by business school professors and the needs of the business people who, ideally, would use it. Here, we examine this gap and suggest a model for bridging it. We sample four groups of people, business school academics (professors), deans of business schools, executive MBA students/recent graduates, and senior business executives. Each group rates 44 different (potential) properties of exemplary research. We analyze within-group differences, and more meaningfully, between-group differences. We then offer commentary on the results and use the results to develop the aforementioned suggestions for bridging the gap we find

business school
producers
consumers
professors
business people
academics
deans
students
recent graduates
senior business executives
exemplary research
within-group differences
between-group differences
ANOVA
coefficient of concordance
multiple comparison testing


Negotiating the semantics of agent communication languages

Abstract: This article presents a formal framework and outlines a method that autonomous agents can use to negotiate the semantics of their communication language at run-time. Such an ability is needed in open multi-agent systems so that agents can ensure they understand the implications of the utterances that are being made and so that they can tailor the meaning of the primitives to best fit their prevailing circumstances. To this end, the semantic space framework provides a systematic means of classifying the primitives along multiple relevant dimensions. This classification can then be used by the agents to structure their negotiation (or semantic fixing) process so that they converge to the mutually agreeable semantics that are necessary for coherent social interactions

autonomous agents
multi-agent systems
communication language
semantic fixing
semantic space
social interactions


48 Gbit/s InP DHBT MS-DFF with very low time jitter

Abstract: A master-slave D-type flip-flop (MS DFF) fabricated in a self-aligned InP DHBT technology is presented. The packaged circuit shows full-rate clock operation at 48 Gbit/s. Very low time jitter and good retiming capabilities are observed. Layout aspects, packaging and measurement issues are discussed in particular

DHBT MS-DFF
InP DHBT technology
low time jitter
master-slave D-type flip-flop
self-aligned DHBT technology
packaged circuit
retiming capabilities
layout aspects
48 Gbit/s
InP


An optimization based approach to the train operator scheduling problem at Singapore MRT

Abstract: Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (SMRT) operates two train lines with 83 kilometers of track and 48 stations. A total of 77 trains are in operation during peak hours and 41 during off-peak hours. We report on an optimization based approach to develop a computerized train-operator scheduling system that has been implemented at SMRT. The approach involves a bipartite matching algorithm for the generation of night duties and a tabu search algorithm for the generation of day duties. The system automates the train-operator scheduling process at SMRT and produces favorable schedules in comparison with the manual process. It is also able to handle the multiple objectives inherent in the crew scheduling system. While trying to minimize the system wide crew-related costs, the system is also able to address concern with respect to the number of split duties


Exact analytical model for the AEP of control signals

Abstract: An exact analytical model for the aliasing error probability (AEP) in the signature analysis of control signals using a modified signature analyser is presented. The signature analyser used comprises a general-structure two-input compacting module (TICM), which simplifies the motherboard VLSI design by providing a flexible geometry, which could be easily integrated with neighbouring structures. The use of the modified data probe eliminates the ambiguity introduced by the high-impedance state and at the same time retains the same signature of the binary stream. The model specifies algebraically the effects of the TICM architecture, the test pattern length, and the control stream error probabilities. It is proved that the (hardware) criterion used for calculating the AEP for the internal- and external exclusive-OR two-input shift registers is not valid for the general case and a new criterion is provided. The results obtained are augmented by two special cases, a case study, and associated simulation

analytical model
AEP
control signals
aliasing error probability
signature analysis
signature analyser
two-input compacting module
motherboard VLSI design
flexible geometry
high-impedance state
binary stream
test pattern length
control stream error probabilities
two-input shift registers


Research challenges and perspectives of the Semantic Web

Abstract: Accessing documents and services on today's Web requires human intelligence. The interface to these documents and services is the Web page, written in natural language, which humans must understand and act upon. The paper discusses the Semantic Web which will augment the current Web with formalized knowledge and data that computers can process. In the future, some services will mix human-readable and structured data so that both humans and computers can use them. Others will support formalized knowledge that only machines will use

Semantic Web
document access
Web page
natural language
formalized knowledge
Internet
artificial intelligence


Too much middleware

Abstract: The movement from client-server computing to multi-tier computing has created a potpourri of so-called middleware systems, including application servers, workflow products, EAI systems, ETL systems and federated data systems. We argue that the explosion in middleware has created a myriad of poorly integrated systems with overlapping functionality. The world would be well served by considerable consolidation, and we present some of the ways this might happen. Some of the points covered in the article have been previously explored by P. Bernstein (1996)

client-server computing
multi-tier computing
middleware systems
application servers
workflow products
EAI systems
ETL systems
federated data systems
poorly integrated systems
overlapping functionality


Taylor series based two-dimensional digital differentiators

Abstract: A new type of Taylor series based 2-D finite difference approximation is presented, and it is shown that the coefficients of these approximations are not unique. Explicit formulas are presented for one of the possible sets of coefficients for an arbitrary order, by extending the previously presented 1-D approximations. These coefficients are implemented as maximally linear 2-D FIR digital differentiators, and their formulas are modified to narrow the inaccuracy regions on the resultant frequency responses, close to the Nyquist frequencies

maximally linear digital differentiators


Simulation and transient testing of numerical relays

Abstract: A hybrid and practical solution for relay evaluation is presented. Two main issues are taken into account: power system simulation and relay simulation, both of which consist of different stages. System simulation is carried out by means of EMTP and is complemented by additional features, such as filtering for location and determination of fault parameters that allow comparing simulated and actual fault records to improve and guarantee a correct system simulation. Relay simulation includes filtering algorithms, all the relaying units, and the decision logic. Playing simulated or real faults over the actual relay and comparing simulated and real responses can check for correct relay simulation

relay evaluation
power system simulation
relay simulation
EMTP
numerical relays
filtering
fault location
filtering algorithms
decision logic
real faults
simulated faults
relay testing


Anticipating the further development of cadastral systems

Abstract: Although the paper recognises the merits of the evolution of cadastral systems towards an increased capability over time, it promotes a radical introduction or overhaul of existing cadastral systems. It encourages the development of a capability to cope with some key drivers of major change. These have been identified as globalisation, the advent of fully automated cadastral environments, improved decentralised methods of governance and greatly improved service delivery of future cadastral systems to a wide range of users. The paper promotes the registration of title supported by government guarantee as an effective means for rapidly introducing cadastral systems to facilitate globally competitive land markets in developing countries. In developing automated environments for cadastral systems, the need to completely re-engineer and redesign cadastral systems to meet basic cadastral principles and responsiveness to individual user needs is promoted. In this environment, highly decentralised cadastral operations and administration combined with light regulatory control are advocated as a future governance strategy. With regard to the level of services to users, an emphasis on recognising and serving the future needs of users is seen as essential. International and national professional and user organisations involved in land administration are seen as an important vehicle for developing strategies and providing evaluation to guide the over-arching development of cadastral systems around the world


On the diophantine equation x/sup 2/+q/sup 2k+1/=y/sup n/

Abstract: In this paper it has been proved that if q is an odd prime, q not=7 (mod 8), n is an odd integer >or=5, n is not a multiple of 3 and (h, n)=1, where h is the class number of the filed Q( square root (-q)), then the diophantine equation x/sup 2/+q/sup 2k+1/=y/sup n/ has exactly two families of solutions (q, n, k, x, y)

diophantine equation
odd prime
odd integer
Lucas sequence
primitive divisors


A uniform framework for regulating service access and information release on the Web

Abstract: The widespread use of Internet-based services is increasing the amount of information (such as user profiles) that clients are required to disclose. This information demand is necessary for regulating access to services, and functionally convenient (e.g., to support service customization), but it has raised privacy-related concerns which, if not addressed, may affect the users disposition to use network services. At the same time, servers need to regulate service access without disclosing entirely the details of their access control policy. There is therefore a pressing need for privacy-aware techniques to regulate access to services open to the network. We propose an approach for regulating service access and information disclosure on the Web. The approach consists of a uniform formal framework to formulate - and reason about - both service access and information disclosure constraints. It also provides a means for parties to communicate their requirements while ensuring that no private information be disclosed and that the communicated requirements are correct with respect to the constraints

service access regulation
information release
WWW
Internet
user profiles
information demand
client server systems
access control policy
privacy-aware techniques
network services
information disclosure
uniform formal framework
reasoning


On the accuracy of polynomial interpolation in Hilbert space with disturbed nodal values of the operator

Abstract: The interpolation accuracy of polynomial operators in a Hilbert space with a measure is estimated when nodal values of these operators are given approximately

polynomial interpolation
Hilbert space
disturbed nodal values
polynomial operators


Coordination [crisis management]

Abstract: Communications during a crisis, both internal and external, set the tone during response and carry a message through recovery. The authors describe how to set up a system for information coordination to make sure the right people get the right message, and the organization stays in control

crisis management
communications process
information coordination


Developing a CD-ROM as a teaching and learning tool in food and beverage management: a case study in hospitality education

Abstract: Food and beverage management is the traditional core of hospitality education but, in its laboratory manifestation, has come under increasing pressure in recent years. It is an area that, arguably, presents the greatest challenges in adaptation to contemporary learning technologies but, at the same time, stands to benefit most from the potential of the Web. This paper addresses the design and development of a CD-ROM learning resource for food and beverage. It is a learning resource which is designed to integrate with rather than to replace existing conventional classroom and laboratory learning methods and, thus, compensate for the decline in the resource base faced in food and beverage education in recent years. The paper includes illustrative material drawn from the CD-ROM which demonstrates its use in teaching and learning

food and beverage management
hospitality education
CD-ROM
learning tool
teaching tool


Bandwidth vs. gains design of H/sub infinity / tracking controllers for current-fed induction motors

Abstract: Describes a systematic procedure for designing speed and rotor flux norm tracking H/sub infinity /. controllers with unknown load torque disturbances for current-fed induction motors. A new effective design tool is developed to allow selection of the control gains so as to adjust the disturbances' rejection capability of the controllers in the face of the bandwidth requirements of the closed-loop system. Application of the proposed design procedure is demonstrated in a case study, and the results of numerical simulations illustrate the satisfactory performance achievable even in presence of rotor resistance uncertainty

H/sub infinity / tracking controllers
current-fed induction motors
speed controllers
rotor flux norm controllers
unknown load torque disturbances
design tool
disturbances rejection capability
bandwidth requirements
closed-loop system
feedback linearization
observers


A second order characteristic finite element scheme for convection-diffusion problems

Abstract: A new characteristic finite element scheme is presented for convection-diffusion problems. It is of second order accuracy in time increment, symmetric, and unconditionally stable. Optimal error estimates are proved in the framework of L/sup 2/-theory. Numerical results are presented for two examples, which show the advantage of the scheme


Neural and neuro-fuzzy integration in a knowledge-based system for air quality prediction

Abstract: We propose a unified approach for integrating implicit and explicit knowledge in neurosymbolic systems as a combination of neural and neuro-fuzzy modules. In the developed hybrid system, a training data set is used for building neuro-fuzzy modules, and represents implicit domain knowledge. The explicit domain knowledge on the other hand is represented by fuzzy rules, which are directly mapped into equivalent neural structures. The aim of this approach is to improve the abilities of modular neural structures, which are based on incomplete learning data sets, since the knowledge acquired from human experts is taken into account for adapting the general neural architecture. Three methods to combine the explicit and implicit knowledge modules are proposed. The techniques used to extract fuzzy rules from neural implicit knowledge modules are described. These techniques improve the structure and the behavior of the entire system. The proposed methodology has been applied in the field of air quality prediction with very encouraging results. These experiments show that the method is worth further investigation

implicit domain knowledge representation


Office essentials [stationery suppliers]

Abstract: Make purchasing stationery a relatively simple task through effective planning and management of stock, and identifying the right supplier

stationery suppliers
purchasing
planning
management of stock


Optimal strategies for a semi-Markovian inventory system

Abstract: Control for a semi-Markovian inventory system is considered. Under general assumptions on system functioning, conditions for existence of an optimal nonrandomized Markovian strategy are found. It is shown that under some additional assumptions on storing conditions for the inventory, the optimal strategy has a threshold (s, S)-frame


Recovering lost efficiency of exponentiation algorithms on smart cards

Abstract: At the RSA cryptosystem implementation stage, a major security concern is resistance against so-called side-channel attacks. Solutions are known but they increase the overall complexity by a non-negligible factor (typically, a protected RSA exponentiation is 133% slower). For the first time, protected solutions are proposed that do not penalise the running time of an exponentiation

smart cards
exponentiation algorithms
RSA cryptosystem implementation stage
security
side-channel attack resistance
public-key encryption


A column generation approach to delivery planning over time with inhomogeneous service providers and service interval constraints

Abstract: We consider a problem of delivery planning over multiple time periods. Deliveries must be made to customers having nominated demand in each time period. Demand must be met in each time period by use of some combination of inhomogeneous service providers. Each service provider has a different delivery capacity, different cost of delivery to each customer, a different utilisation requirement, and different rules governing the spread of deliveries in time. The problem is to plan deliveries so as to minimise overall costs, subject to demand being met and service rules obeyed. A natural integer programming model was found to be intractable, except on problems with loose demand constraints, with gaps between best lower bound and best feasible solution of up to 35.1%, with an average of 15.4% over the test data set. In all but the problem with loosest demand constraints, Cplex 6.5 applied to this formulation failed to find the optimal solution before running out of memory. However a column generation approach improved the lower bound by between 0.6% and 21.9%, with an average of 9.9%, and in all cases found the optimal solution at the root node, without requiring branching

column generation approach
delivery planning over time
inhomogeneous service providers
service interval constraints
delivery capacity
lower bound
transportation


Contentment management

Abstract: Andersen's William Yarker and Richard Young outline the route to a successful content management strategy

Andersen Consulting
content management strategy


Uniform supersaturated design and its construction

Abstract: Supersaturated designs are factorial designs in which the number of main effects is greater than the number of experimental runs. In this paper, a discrete discrepancy is proposed as a measure of uniformity for supersaturated designs, and a lower bound of this discrepancy is obtained as,a benchmark of design uniformity. A construction method for uniform supersaturated designs via resolvable balanced incomplete block designs is also presented along with the investigation of properties of the resulting designs. The construction method shows a strong link between these two different kinds of designs


Monitoring the news online

Abstract: The author looks at how we can focus on what we want, finding small stories in vast oceans of news. There is no one tool that will scan every news resource available and give alerts on new available materials. Every one has a slightly different focus. Some are paid sources, while many are free. If used wisely, an excellent news monitoring system for a large number of topics can be set up for surprisingly little cost


Developing Web-enhanced learning for information fluency-a liberal arts college's perspective

Abstract: Learning is likely to take a new form in the twenty-first century, and a transformation is already in process. Under the framework of information fluency, efforts are being made at Rollins College to develop a Web-enhanced course that encompasses information literacy, basic computer literacy, and critical thinking skills. Computer-based education can be successful when librarians use technology effectively to enhance their integrated library teaching. In an online learning environment, students choose a time for learning that best suits their needs and motivational levels. They can learn at their own pace, take a nonlinear approach to the subject, and maintain constant communication with instructors and other students. The quality of a technology-facilitated course can be upheld if the educational objectives and methods for achieving those objectives are carefully planned and explored

Web-enhanced learning
information fluency
liberal arts college
information literacy
computer literacy
critical thinking skills
computer-based education
librarians
integrated library teaching
online learning


Well-posed anisotropic diffusion for image denoising

Abstract: A nonlinear iterative smoothing filter based on a second-order partial differential equation is introduced. It smooths out the image according to an anisotropic diffusion process. The approach is based on a smooth approximation of the total variation (TV) functional which overcomes the non-differentiability of the TV functional at the origin. In particular, the authors perform linear smoothing over smooth areas but selective smoothing over candidate edges. By relating the smoothing parameter to the time step, they arrive at a CFL condition which guarantees the causality of the discrete scheme. This allows the adoption of higher time discretisation steps, while ensuring the absence of artefacts deriving from the non-smooth behaviour of the TV functional at the origin. In particular, it is shown that the proposed approach avoids the typical staircase effects in smooth areas which occur in the standard time-marching TV scheme


Transformation rules and strategies for functional-logic programs

Abstract: This paper abstracts the contents of a PhD dissertation entitled 'Transformation Rules and Strategies for Functional-Logic Programs' which has been recently defended. These techniques are based on fold/unfold transformations and they can be used to optimize integrated (functional-logic) programs for a wide class of applications. Experimental results show that typical examples in the field of artificial intelligence are successfully enhanced by our transformation system SYNTH. The thesis presents the first approach of these methods for declarative languages that integrate the best features from functional and logic programming

program transformation rules
functional-logic programs
logic programming
functional programming
fold-unfold transformations
experimental results
artificial intelligence
SYNTH
declarative languages


Regional flux target with minimum energy

Abstract: An extension of a gradient controllability problem to the case where the target subregion is a part of the boundary of a parabolic system domain is discussed. A definition and some properties adapted to this case are presented. The focus is on the characterisation of the control achieving a regional boundary gradient target with minimum energy. An approach is developed that leads to a numerical algorithm for the computation of optimal control. Numerical illustrations show the efficiency of the approach and lead to conjectures

regional flux target
minimum energy
gradient controllability problem
target subregion
parabolic system domain boundary
regional boundary gradient target
numerical algorithm
optimal control


Laptops zip to 2 GHz-plus

Abstract: Intel's Pentium 4-M processor has reached the coveted 2-GHz mark, and speed-hungry mobile users will be tempted to buy a laptop with the chip. However, while our exclusive tests found 2-GHz P4-M notebooks among the fastest units we've tested, the new models failed to make dramatic gains compared with those based on Intel's 1.8-GHz mobile chip. Since 2-GHz notebooks carry a hefty price premium, buyers seeking both good performance and a good price might prefer a 1.8-GHz unit instead

Intel Pentium 4-M processor
mobile
laptop
notebooks
2 GHz


The role of B2B engines in B2B integration architectures

Abstract: Semantic B2B integration architectures must enable enterprises to communicate standards-based B2B events like purchase orders with any potential trading partner. This requires not only back end application integration capabilities to integrate with e.g. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as the company-internal source and destination of B2B events, but also a capability to implement every necessary B2B protocol like electronic data interchange (EDI), RosettaNet as well as more generic capabilities like Web services (WS). This paper shows the placement and functionality of B2B engines in semantic B2B integration architectures that implement a generic framework for modeling and executing any B2B protocol. A detailed discussion shows how a B2B engine can provide the necessary abstractions to implement any standard-based B2B protocol or any trading partner specific specialization

B2B engines
semantic B2B integration architectures
standards-based B2B event communication
purchase orders
trading partner
ERP systems
EDI
RosettaNet
Web services
modeling


Universal parametrization in constructing smoothly-connected B-spline surfaces

Abstract: In this paper, we explore the feasibility of universal parametrization in generating B-spline surfaces, which was proposed recently in the literature (Lim, 1999). We present an interesting property of the new parametrization that it guarantees Go continuity on B-spline surfaces when several independently constructed patches are put together without imposing any constraints. Also, a simple blending method of patchwork is proposed to construct C/sup n-1/ surfaces, where overlapping control nets are utilized. It takes into account the semi-localness property of universal parametrization. It effectively helps us construct very natural looking B-spline surfaces while keeping the deviation from given data points very low. Experimental results are shown with several sets of surface data points

smoothly-connected B-spline surface generation


The numerical solution of an evolution problem of second order in time on a closed smooth boundary

Abstract: We consider an initial value problem for the second-order differential equation with a Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator coefficient. For the numerical solution we carry out semi-discretization by the Laguerre transformation with respect to the time variable. Then an infinite system of the stationary operator equations is obtained. By potential theory, the operator equations are reduced to boundary integral equations of the second kind with logarithmic or hypersingular kernels. The full discretization is realized by Nystrom's method which is based on the trigonometric quadrature rules. Numerical tests confirm the ability of the method to solve these types of nonstationary problems

initial value problem
second-order differential equation
evolution problem
closed smooth boundary
Laguerre transformation
hypersingular kernels
boundary integral equations
stationary operator equations


Laguerre approximation of fractional systems

Abstract: Systems characterised by fractional power poles can be called fractional systems. Here, Laguerre orthogonal polynomials are employed to approximate fractional systems by minimum phase, reduced order, rational transfer functions. Both the time and the frequency-domain analysis exhibit the accuracy of the approximation

Laguerre approximation
fractional systems
fractional power poles
orthogonal polynomials
minimum phase
reduced order
robust controllers
closed-loop system
rational transfer functions
frequency-domain analysis
time-domain analysis


Low to mid-speed copiers [buyer's guide]

Abstract: The low to mid-speed copier market is being transformed by the almost universal adoption of digital solutions. The days of the analogue copier are numbered as the remaining vendors plan to withdraw from this sector by 2005. Reflecting the growing market for digital, vendors are reducing prices, making a digital solution much more affordable. The battle for the copier market is intense, and the popularity of the multifunctional device is going to transform the office equipment market. As total cost of ownership becomes increasingly important and as budgets are squeezed, the most cost-effective solutions are those that will survive this shake-down

low to mid-speed copier market
total cost of ownership


Single-phase shunt active power filter with harmonic detection

Abstract: An advanced active power filter for the compensation of instantaneous harmonic current components in nonlinear current loads is presented. A signal processing technique using an adaptive neural network algorithm is applied for the detection of harmonic components generated by nonlinear current loads and it can efficiently determine the instantaneous harmonic components in real time. The validity of this active filtering processing system to compensate current harmonics is substantiated by simulation results

instantaneous harmonic current components compensation


Tracking with sensor failures

Abstract: Studies the reliability with sensor failures of the asymptotic tracking problem for linear time invariant systems using the factorization approach. The plant is two-output and the compensator is two-degree-of-freedom. Necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for the general problem and a simple solution is given for problems with stable plants

sensor failures
reliability
asymptotic tracking problem
linear time invariant systems
factorization approach
two-output plant
two-degree-of-freedom compensator
necessary and sufficient conditions


A study of hospitality and tourism information technology education and industrial applications

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the subject relevance of information technology (IT) in hospitality and tourism management programs with skills deployed in the workplace. This study aimed at investigating graduates' transition from education to employment, and to determine how well they appear to be equipped to meet the needs of the hospitality and tourism industry. One hundred and seventeen graduates responded to a mail survey. These graduates rated the importance of IT skills in the workplace, the level of IT teaching in hotel and tourism management programs, and the self-competence level in IT. This study concluded that a gap exists between the IT skills required at work and those acquired at university


E-commerce-resources for doing business on the Internet

Abstract: There are many different types of e-commerce depending upon who or what is selling and who or what is buying. In addition, e-commerce is more than an exchange of funds and goods or services, it encompasses an entire infrastructure of services, computer hardware and software products, technologies, and communications formats. The paper discusses e-commerce terminology, types and information resources, including books and Web sites

business
Internet
e-commerce
terminology
information resources
books
Web sites


New developments in inductive learning

Abstract: Any intelligent system, whether natural or artificial, must have three characteristics: knowledge, reasoning, and learning. Artificial intelligence (AI) studies these three aspects in artificial systems. Briefly, we could say that knowledge refers to the system's world model, and reasoning to the manipulation of this knowledge. Learning is slightly more complex; the system interacts with the world and as a consequence it builds onto and modifies its knowledge. This process of self-building and self-modifying is known as learning. This thesis is set within the field of artificial intelligence and focuses on learning. More specifically, it deals with the inductive learning of decision trees

inductive learning
new developments
intelligent system
knowledge
reasoning
artificial intelligence
decision trees


Mid-market accounting systems

Abstract: Welcome to our fourth annual survey of accounting systems and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Last September, we concentrated on financial and distribution systems for medium-sized businesses (mid market) and included 22 products in our charts. This year, we extended the products to include manufacturing and added 34 products to the list

mid-market accounting systems
survey
enterprise resource planning
manufacturing


Electromagnetics computations using the MPI parallel implementation of the steepest descent fast multipole method (SDFMM)

Abstract: The computational solution of large-scale linear systems of equations necessitates the use of fast algorithms but is also greatly enhanced by employing parallelization techniques. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the speedup achieved by the MPI (message passing interface) parallel implementation of the steepest descent fast multipole method (SDFMM). Although this algorithm has already been optimized to take advantage of the structure of the physics of scattering problems, there is still the opportunity to speed up the calculation by dividing tasks into components using multiple processors and solve them in parallel. The SDFMM has three bottlenecks ordered as (1) filling the sparse impedance matrix associated with the near-field method of moments interactions (MoM), (2) the matrix vector multiplications associated with this sparse matrix and (3) the far field interactions associated with the fast multipole method. The parallel implementation task is accomplished using a thirty-one node Intel Pentium Beowulf cluster and is also validated on a 4-processor Alpha workstation. The Beowulf cluster consists of thirty-one nodes of 350 MHz Intel Pentium IIs with 256 MB of RAM and one node of a 4*450 MHz Intel Pentium II Xeon shared memory processor with 2 GB of RAM with all nodes connected to a 100 BaseTX Ethernet network. The Alpha workstation has a maximum of four 667 MHz processors. Our numerical results show significant linear speedup in filling the sparse impedance matrix. Using the 32-processors on the Beowulf cluster lead to a 7.2 overall speedup while a 2.5 overall speedup is gained using the 4-processors on the Alpha workstation

electromagnetics computations
MPI parallel implementation
steepest descent fast multipole method
large-scale linear systems
fast algorithms
message passing interface
physics
multiple processors
sparse impedance matrix
near-field MoM
method of moments
scattering problems
matrix vector multiplications
Intel Pentium Beowulf cluster
4-processor Alpha workstation
Intel Pentium II
RAM
Xeon shared memory processor
100 BaseTX Ethernet network
scattered electric field
scattered magnetic field
350 MHz
256 MByte
450 MHz
2 GByte
667 MHz


The BLISS programming language: a history

Abstract: The BLISS programming language was invented by William A. Wulf and others at Carnegie-Mellon University in 1969, originally for the DEC PDP-10. BLISS-10 caught the interest of Ronald F. Brender of DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation). After several years of collaboration, including the creation of BLISS-11 for the PDP-11, BLISS was adopted as DEC's implementation language for use on its new line of VAX computers in 1975. DEC developed a completely new generation of BLISSs for the VAX, PDP-10 and PDP-11, which became widely used at DEC during the 1970s and 1980s. With the creation of the Alpha architecture in the early 1990s, BLISS was extended again, in both 32- and 64-bit flavors. BLISS support for the Intel IA-32 architecture was introduced in 1995 and IA-64 support is now in progress. BLISS has a number of unusual characteristics: it is typeless, requires use of an explicit contents of operator (written as a period or 'dot'), takes an algorithmic approach to data structure definition, has no goto, is an expression language, and has an unusually rich compile-time language. This paper reviews the evolution and use of BLISS over its three decade lifetime. Emphasis is on how the language evolved to facilitate portable programming while retaining its initial highly machine-specific character. Finally, the success of its characteristics are assessed

BLISS programming language
machine-oriented language
portable programming
system implementation language
data structure definition
compile-time language


Quadratic interpolation on spheres

Abstract: Riemannian quadratics are C/sup 1/ curves on Riemannian manifolds, obtained by performing the quadratic recursive deCastlejeau algorithm in a Riemannian setting. They are of interest for interpolation problems in Riemannian manifolds, such as trajectory-planning for rigid body motion. Some interpolation properties of Riemannian quadratics are analysed when the ambient manifold is a sphere or projective space, with the usual Riemannian metrics

quadratic interpolation
Riemannian manifolds
trajectory-planning
rigid body motion
ambient manifold
corner-cutting
parallel translation
approximation theory


Quasi-Newton algorithm for adaptive minor component extraction

Abstract: An adaptive quasi-Newton algorithm is first developed to extract a single minor component corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue of a stationary sample covariance matrix. A deflation technique instead of the commonly used inflation method is then applied to extract the higher-order minor components. The algorithm enjoys the advantage of having a simpler computational complexity and a highly modular and parallel structure for efficient implementation. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for extracting multiple minor components adaptively

quasi-Newton algorithm
adaptive minor component extraction
eigenvalue
stationary sample covariance matrix
deflation technique
higher-order minor components
computational complexity
modular structure
parallel structure
simulation results
adaptive estimation
DOA estimation
ROOT-MUSIC estimator


Quantized-State Systems: A DEVS-approach for continuous system simulation

Abstract: A new class of dynamical systems, Quantized State Systems or QSS, is introduced in this paper. QSS are continuous time systems where the input trajectories are piecewise constant functions and the state variable trajectories - being themselves piecewise linear functions - are converted into piecewise constant functions via a quantization function equipped with hysteresis. It is shown that QSS can be exactly represented and simulated by a discrete event model, within the framework of the DEVS-approach. Further, it is shown that QSS can be used to approximate continuous systems, thus allowing their discrete-event simulation in opposition to the classical discrete-time simulation. It is also shown that in an approximating QSS, some stability properties of the original system are conserved and the solutions of the QSS go to the solutions of the original system when the quantization goes to zero

dynamical systems
Quantized State Systems
continuous time systems
piecewise constant functions
discrete event model
discrete-event simulation


Gossip is synteny: Incomplete gossip and the syntenic distance between genomes

Abstract: The syntenic distance between two genomes is given by the minimum number of fusions, fissions, and translocations required to transform one into the other, ignoring the order of genes within chromosomes. Computing this distance is NP-hard. In the present work, we give a tight connection between syntenic distance and the incomplete gossip problem, a novel generalization of the classical gossip problem. In this problem, there are n gossipers, each with a unique piece of initial information; they communicate by phone calls in which the two participants exchange all their information. The goal is to minimize the total number of phone calls necessary to inform each gossiper of his set of relevant gossip which he desires to learn. As an application of the connection between syntenic distance and incomplete gossip, we derive an O(2/sup O(n log n)/) algorithm to exactly compute the syntenic distance between two genomes with at most n chromosomes each. Our algorithm requires O(n/sup 2/+2/sup O(d log d)/) time when this distance is d, improving the O(n/sup 2/+2(O(d//sup 2/))) running time of the best previous exact algorithm

syntenic distance
genomes
NP-hard
incomplete gossip problem
comparative genomics
running time
chromosomes


Global comparison of stages of growth based on critical success factors

Abstract: With increasing globalization of business, the management of IT in international organizations is faced with the complex task of dealing with the difference between local and international IT needs. This study evaluates, and compares, the level of IT maturity and the critical success factors (CSFs) in selected geographic regions, namely, Norway, Australia/New Zealand, North America, Europe, Asia/Pacific, and India. The results show that significant differences in the IT management needs in these geographic regions exist, and that the IT management operating in these regions must balance the multiple critical success factors for achieving an optimal local-global mix for business success

business globalization
IT management
international IT needs
local IT needs
IT maturity
critical success factors
Norway
Australia
New Zealand
North America
Europe
Asia/Pacific
India
optimal local-global mix
business success


Advanced aerostatic stability analysis of cable-stayed bridges using finite-element method

Abstract: Based on the concept of limit point instability, an advanced nonlinear finite-element method that can be used to analyze the aerostatic stability of cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Both geometric nonlinearity and three components of wind loads are considered in this method. The example bridge is the second Santou Bay cable-stayed bridge with a main span length of 518 m built in China. Aerostatic stability of the example bridge is investigated using linear and proposed methods. The effect of pitch moment coefficient on the aerostatic stability of the bridge has been studied. The results show that the aerostatic instability analyses of cable-stayed bridges based on the linear method considerably overestimate the wind-resisting capacity of cable-stayed bridges. The proposed method is highly accurate and efficient. Pitch moment coefficient has a major effect on the aerostatic stability of cable-stayed bridges. Finally, the aerostatic failure mechanism of cable-stayed bridges is explained by tracing the aerostatic instability path

advanced nonlinear finite element method


Data mining business intelligence for competitive advantage

Abstract: Organizations have lately realized that just processing transactions and/or information faster and more efficiently no longer provides them with a competitive advantage vis-a-vis their competitors for achieving business excellence. Information technology (IT) tools that are oriented towards knowledge processing can provide the edge that organizations need to survive and thrive in the current era of fierce competition. Enterprises are no longer satisfied with business information system(s); they require business intelligence system(s). The increasing competitive pressures and the desire to leverage information technology techniques have led many organizations to explore the benefits of new emerging technology, data warehousing and data mining. The paper discusses data warehouses and data mining tools and applications

business intelligence
competitive advantage
organizations
information technology
knowledge processing
business information system
data warehouses
data mining


Numerical validation of solutions of complementarity problems: the nonlinear case

Abstract: This paper proposes a validation method for solutions of nonlinear complementarity problems. The validation procedure performs a computational test. If the result of the test is positive, then it is guaranteed that a given multi-dimensional interval either includes a solution or excludes all solutions of the nonlinear complementarity problem

numerical validation
computational test
nonlinear complementarity problem
optimization


Fault diagnosis and fault tolerant control of linear stochastic systems with unknown inputs

Abstract: This paper presents an integrated robust fault detection and isolation (FDI) and fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme for a fault in actuators or sensors of linear stochastic systems subjected to unknown inputs (disturbances). As usual in this kind of works, it is assumed that single fault occurs at a time and the fault treated is of random bias type. The FDI module is constructed using banks of robust two-stage Kalman filters, which simultaneously estimate the state and the fault bias, and generate residual sets decoupled from unknown disturbances. All elements of residual sets are evaluated by using a hypothesis statistical test, and the fault is declared according to the prepared decision logic. The FTC module is activated based on the fault indicator, and additive compensation signal is computed using the fault bias estimate and combined to the nominal control law for compensating the fault's effect on the system. Simulation results for the simplified longitudinal flight control system with parameter variations, process and measurement noises demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach proposed

fault detection
fault isolation
fault tolerant control
linear systems
stochastic systems
two-stage Kalman filters
state estimation
longitudinal flight control system
robust control
discrete-time system