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(λ°μ) μ΄μͺ½μ Bill Lange μ΄κ³ , μ λ David Galloμ
λλ€ | (Applause) David Gallo: This is Bill Lange. I'm Dave Gallo. |
μ°λ¦¬λ μ¬λ¬λΆμκ² λ°λ·μ μ΄μΌκΈ°λ₯Ό μμκ³Ό ν¨κ» λ€λ €μ£Όκ³ μ ν©λλ€. | And we're going to tell you some stories from the sea here in video. |
μ ν¬λ λλ΄μ£Όλ νμ΄νλ λΉλμ€λ μκΈ΄ ν©λλ€λ§ λ..μ¬κΈ°μλ λκΌ½λ§νΌλ 보μ¬μ€ μκ°μ΄μμ΅λλ€. | We've got some of the most incredible video of Titanic that's ever been seen, and we're not going to show you any of it. |
(μμ) λΉλ‘ νμ΄νλμ΄ λ°μ€μ€νΌμ€μμ κ΅μ₯ν μ€μ μ κ±°λκΈ΄ νμ§λ§ λ°λ€κ° λ€λ €μ£Όλ μ΄μΌκΈ° μ€ κ°μ₯ μ¬λ°λ κ²μ μλλλ€. | (Laughter) The truth of the matter is that the Titanic -- even though it's breaking all sorts of box office records -- it's not the most exciting story from the sea. |
λ¬Έμ λΌλ©΄ μ°λ¦¬λ μ°λ¦¬κ° λ°λ€λ₯Ό μ΄λ―Έ μκ³ μλ€κ³ λ―Ώλκ±°μ£ . | And the problem, I think, is that we take the ocean for granted. |
λ³΄ν΅ λ°λ€κ° μ§κ΅¬μ 75%λ₯Ό κ°μΈκ³ μλ€λ κ², | When you think about it, the oceans are 75 percent of the planet. |
μ§κ΅¬μ λ°λ€μ λλΆλΆμ | Most of the planet is ocean water. |
νκ· κΉμ΄κ° 2λ§μΌ (3.2Kmκ°λ)μ λ λλ€λκ±Έ μκ³ μμ£ | The average depth is about two miles. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ ν΄λ³κ°μ κ°κ±°λ μ΄λ° λ°λ·κ°μ μ΄λ―Έμ§λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ λ λ°λ€λ κ·Έλ₯ κ±°λν νλμμ μλ₯Ένκ² λμ€κ±°λ¦¬λ νλμ μ‘°μκ°λ§μ μ°¨κ°μλ€ μ λλ§ μκ°νμ£ μ¬μ€ κ·Έ μμ 무μμ΄ μλμ§λ μμλ λͺ»νλκ±°μ£ ... | Part of the problem, I think, is we stand at the beach, or we see images like this of the ocean, and you look out at this great big blue expanse, and it's shimmering and it's moving and there's waves and there's surf and there's tides, but you have no idea for what lies in there. |
λ°λ·μμλ μ§κ΅¬μ κ°μ₯ κΈ΄ μ°λ§₯κ³Ό | And in the oceans, there are the longest mountain ranges on the planet. |
λλΆλΆμ μλͺ
체λ€μ΄ μκ³ | Most of the animals are in the oceans. |
λλΆλΆμ μ§μ§κ³Ό νμ°νλμ΄ λ°λ·μμλ μΌμ΄λ©λλ€. μ λ°λ€ λ° λ°λ₯μλ | Most of the earthquakes and volcanoes are in the sea, at the bottom of the sea. |
λ°λ¦Όλ³΄λ€λ λ λ§μ μ’
λ₯μ μλͺ
체λ€μ΄ ν¨μ¬ λμ λ°μ§λλ₯Ό νμ±νλ©° μ΄κ³ μμ΅λλ€. | The biodiversity and the biodensity in the ocean is higher, in places, than it is in the rainforests. |
μ΄λ° μΉλ°κ°μ μ£Όλ 맀λ ₯μ μΈ λ©μ§ λͺ¨μ΅λ€ λν λλΆλΆμ μμ§ νμ¬μ‘°μ°¨ λμ§ μμμ£ | It's mostly unexplored, and yet there are beautiful sights like this that captivate us and make us become familiar with it. |
λΉμ μ΄ νλ‘ ν΄λ³μ μμκ² λλ€λ©΄ μμ μ΄ μμ£Ό λ―μ μΈκ³μ κ°μ₯μ리μ μλ€λκ±Έ μμμ£Όμ
¨μΌλ©΄ ν©λλ€. | But when you're standing at the beach, I want you to think that you're standing at the edge of a very unfamiliar world. |
μ΄λ κ² λ―μ μΈκ³λ₯Ό νννκΈ° μν΄μ μ°λ¦¬λ νΉλ³ν κΈ°μ λ€μ κ°μΆ°μΌλ§ νμμ£ . | We have to have a very special technology to get into that unfamiliar world. |
Alvinμ΄λΌλ μ΄λ¦μ μ μν¨μ΄ λμλμκ³ , μΉ΄λ©λΌλ μ¬μ©νμ΅λλ€ μΉ΄λ©λΌλ Bill Langeκ° 'μλ'μ νμ°¬μΌλ‘ κ°λ°ν νΉμ μΉ΄λ©λΌμμ΅λλ€ | We use the submarine Alvin and we use cameras, and the cameras are something that Bill Lange has developed with the help of Sony. |
Marcel Proustκ° λ§νκΈΈ "κ°μ₯ μ§μ€λ ννμ΄λ λ―μ μ₯μλ₯Ό μ°Ύμκ°λ κ²μ΄ μλλΌ μλ‘μ΄ μκ°μ κ°λ κ²μ΄λ€"λΌκ³ μ | Marcel Proust said, "The true voyage of discovery is not so much in seeking new landscapes as in having new eyes." |
μ ν¬λ₯Ό νμ°¬ν΄μ£Όμ λΆλ€μ λ¨μν λ°λ€ μλμ 무μμ΄ μ‘΄μ¬νκ³ μ΄λ€ μ§νμ΄ νΌμ³μ Έ μλμ§λ₯Ό μκ² ν΄μ£Όμμ λΏλ§μλλΌ μ§κ΅¬μ μ¬λ μλͺ
체λ€μ λν μκ°μ μλ‘μ΄ νκ² ν΄μ£Όμμ΅λλ€ | People that have partnered with us have given us new eyes, not only on what exists -- the new landscapes at the bottom of the sea -- but also how we think about life on the planet itself. |
μ¬κΈ° μ κ° μ’μνλ ν΄ν리과 μλ¬Όμ΄ μμ΅λλ€. | Here's a jelly. |
ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄κ±΄ μ΄λ
μμ λλ¦ λΆμ
νλ λͺΈμ κ°μ§κ³ μλ건λ°μ | It's one of my favorites, because it's got all sorts of working parts. |
κ·Έλ‘μΈν΄ λ°λ€μμ κ°μ₯ κΈ΄ μλͺ
μ²΄κ° λμμ£ . | This turns out to be the longest creature in the oceans. |
λλ΅ 150νΌνΈ (45.7m)κ°λ λΌμ£ . | It gets up to about 150 feet long. |
μ§κΈ κ°κΈ° λ°λ‘ μμ§μ΄λ κ°μ²΄λ€μ΄ 보μ΄μλμ? | But see all those different working things? |
μ λ μ΄λ°κ² λ무 μ’λλΌκ΅¬μ. | I love that kind of stuff. |
λ§μΉ λμ μ° κ°μκ²λ€μ΄ μλμ λ¬λ €μ κΉλ±κΉλ±κ±°λ¦¬μ£ | It's got these fishing lures on the bottom. They're going up and down. |
μ΄μλ€μ΄ μ£Όλ μ£Όλ λ¬λ €μ μ λ κ² λ§ μμ§μ
λλ€. | It's got tentacles dangling, swirling around like that. |
μ΄κ±΄ ꡰ체λλ¬Όμ
λλ€. | It's a colonial animal. |
κ°κ°μ ννΈκ° λ€λ₯Έ λλ¬Όλ€μ΄ μλ‘ μ°κ²°λ¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ΄λ° νλμ μλͺ
체λ₯Ό λ§λλκ²λλ€. | These are all individual animals banding together to make this one creature. |
μμλ μ²μ¬μ΄λ‘±κ°μκ²λ λ¬λ €μλλ°μ λΉμ΄ νμν μκ° μ¬μ©ν μμμ£ | And it's got these jet thrusters up in front that it'll use in a moment, and a little light. |
μ§κ΅¬μμ λͺ¨λ ν° λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ€κ³Ό λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° λΌμ 무κ²λ₯Ό ν©μ³ νμͺ½ μ μΈμ λ¬κ³ μ΄λ° ν΄ν리과 μλͺ
체λ₯Ό λ€λ₯Έμͺ½μ λ¨λ€λ©΄ μ΄ λ
μλ€μ΄ μλμ μΌλ‘ 무거μΈκ²λλ€. | If you take all the big fish and schooling fish and all that, put them on one side of the scale, put all the jelly-type of animals on the other side, those guys win hands down. |
μ΄λ° μλͺ
체λ€μ΄ λ°λ€μ μλͺ
체μ λλ€μλ₯Ό μ°¨μ§νμ£ . | Most of the biomass in the ocean is made out of creatures like this. |
μ΄κ±΄ μ£½μμ μμ€μ ν΄ν리μΈλ°μ | Here's the X-wing death jelly. |
(μμ) κ΅λ―Έμ μμ¬μν΅μμν΄ μ΄λ κ² λΉμ λ°ν©λλ€. | (Laughter) The bioluminescence -- they use the lights for attracting mates and attracting prey and communicating. |
ν΄ν리μ λν λ°©λν μλ£λ μμ§ λ³΄μ¬λ리μ§λ λͺ»νμ΅λλ€. | We couldn't begin to show you our archival stuff from the jellies. |
ν΄ν리λ€μ λ무λ λ€μν ν¬κΈ°μ ννλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμ£ . | They come in all different sizes and shapes. |
μ°λ¦¬λ μκ³€ ν©λλ€, λ°λ€κ° μμ²λ―Έν° μ΄μμ κΉμ΄λΌλκ²κ³Ό μ°λ¦¬κ° μλ λ°λ€μ μλͺ
λ€μ΄ λλΆλΆμ΄ ν΄μλ©΄μμ 60~100mμ΄λ΄μ μμ λ¬Όμ λͺ°λ €μμΌλ©° κ·Έ μλμμλΆν° ν΄μ λ©΄κΉμ§μ λν΄μλ μ ν λͺ¨λ₯Έλ€λ μ¬μ€μμ | Bill Lange: We tend to forget about the fact that the ocean is miles deep on average, and that we're real familiar with the animals that are in the first 200 or 300 feet, but we're not familiar with what exists from there all the way down to the bottom. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄λ¬ν λλ¬Όλ€μ΄ μ°λ¦¬κ° νννμ§ λͺ»ν μ’
λ₯λ€μ
λλ€ λ°λ€ λ° 3μ°¨μμ 곡κ°μμ μ€λ ₯μ΄ κ±°μ μλ νκ²½μμ μ΄κ³ μλ λλ¬Όλ€ λ§μ΄μμ | And these are the types of animals that live in that three-dimensional space, that micro-gravity environment that we really haven't explored. |
μλ§ κ±°λ μ€μ§μ΄κ°μκ²λ€μ λ€μ΄λ³΄μ
¨μκ²λλ€ νμ§λ§ μ΄ λλ¬Όλ€ μ€ μΌλΆλ 40~50λ―Έν°κΉμ§ μλΌλμ£ | You hear about giant squid and things like that, but some of these animals get up to be approximately 140, 160 feet long. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄λ€μ κ±°μ μ°κ΅¬μ‘°μ°¨ λμ§ μμμ£ . | They're very little understood. |
μ΄λ
μμ λ¬Έμ΄μ²λΌ μ겨μ μ μΌ μ’μνλ λ
μμ€ νλμΈλ°μ | DG: This is one of them, another one of our favorites, because it's a little octopod. |
머리λΆλΆμ΄ λ§€μ° ν¬λͺ
ν©λλ€ | You can actually see through his head. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νΌλμ΄λ κ·λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν΄μ μ°μνκ² μμν©λλ€. | And here he is, flapping with his ears and very gracefully going up. |
μ΄λ€ λͺ¨λκ° λλΆλΆμ ν΄μ λ©΄, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°μ₯ κΉμ κ³³μμλ λ°κ²¬λ©λλ€. | We see those at all depths and even at the greatest depths. |
μ΄λ€μ ν¬κΈ°λ 2~3μΌν°λ―Έν°λΆν° 50~60μΌν°λ―Έν°κΉμ§ λ€μν©λλ€. | They go from a couple of inches to a couple of feet. |
μ μν¨ λ°λ‘ μκΉμ§ μμλ μ μν¨ μ°½λ¬Έ λμ΄ μ°λ¦¬λ€μ λ°λΌλ³΄κ³ λ ν©λλ€. | They come right up to the submarine -- they'll put their eyes right up to the window and peek inside the sub. |
μ΄κ±΄ μμ μΈμ μμ λλ€λ₯Έ μΈμμ΄μ£ . λͺκ°μ§ λ 보μ¬λλ¦¬μ£ . | This is really a world within a world, and we're going to show you two. |
μλ
μμ μ€μν΄λ Ή μμ μλλ‘ λ΄λ €κ°λμ€ λ°κ²¬ν λ
μμ
λλ€. (μ€μν΄λ Ή: λμμ, μΈλμ, λ¨ννμμ κ±ΈμΉλ ν΄μ μ°λ§₯) | In this case, we're passing down through the mid-ocean and we see creatures like this. |
λ°λ€μ μνκ°μ λ
μμ΄μ£ | This is kind of like an undersea rooster. |
μλ
μμ μ΄μ°λ³΄λ©΄ κ΅μ₯ν μ μ¬κ°μ 보μ΄μ£ | This guy, that looks incredibly formal, in a way. |
μ€~ λ΄μ¬λ μμκ²Όμ£ ? | And then one of my favorites. What a face! |
μ§κΈ λ³΄κ³ κ³μ 건 λ§νμλ©΄ κ³Όνμ μλ£λ€μ
λλ€. | This is basically scientific data that you're looking at. |
κ³Όνμ λͺ©μ μ μν΄ μ°λ¦¬κ° λͺ¨μ μλ£λ€μ΄μ£ . | It's footage that we've collected for scientific purposes. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄λ° μ΄λ
μλ€μ΄ μ΄κ³ μλκ³³μμ λ°κ²¬λ μ΄λ° λ
μλ€μ μ¬μ§μ κ³Όνμλ€μκ² μ 곡νλκ² Billμ΄ νλ μν μ€μ νλμ΄κ΅¬μ. | And that's one of the things that Bill's been doing, is providing scientists with this first view of animals like this, in the world where they belong. |
μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄ λ
μλ€μ μ‘μ§λ μμ΅λλ€. | They don't catch them in a net. |
κ·Έμ μ°λ¦° λ°λΌλ³Ό λΏμ΄κ±°μ£ . | They're actually looking at them down in that world. |
κ·ΈλΌ μ‘°μ΄μ€ν±μ μ΄μ©ν΄μ μ°λ¦¬μ κ°μ μ§κ΅¬λ₯Ό ννν΄λ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€ μ‘°μ΄μ€ν±μ μ΄μ©ν΄ μ§κ΅¬ μ¬κΈ°μ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ°λΌλ³΄λ건λ°μ. | We're going to take a joystick, sit in front of our computer, on the Earth, and press the joystick forward, and fly around the planet. |
μ€μν΄λ Ήμ μ°λ±μ±μ΄λ₯Ό λμλ€λ
λ³΄κ² μ΅λλ€. 64,000Km κΈΈμ΄μ λμ°λ§₯μ΄μ£ | We're going to look at the mid-ocean ridge, a 40,000-mile long mountain range. |
ν΄λ Ήμ μμμ μλ©΄κΉμ§μ νκ· κΉμ΄λ 2.4Km μ λ λ©λλ€. | The average depth at the top of it is about a mile and a half. |
λμμμ κ±°μ³μ..μ μ κΈ° μ° λ±μ±μ΄κ° 보μ΄μ£ μΊλ¦¬λΉμν΄μ μ€μ μλ©λ¦¬μΉ΄λ₯Ό λμ΄μ μ¬κΈ° ννμμμ λμ΄ λ©λλ€. λΆμͺ½μΌλ‘ 9λκ°λ λλ€μ. | And we're over the Atlantic -- that's the ridge right there -- but we're going to go across the Caribbean, Central America, and end up against the Pacific, nine degrees north. |
μ ν¬λ μμ€ μννμ§κΈ°λ₯Ό λμν΄μ μ΄ ν΄μ μ°λ§₯λ€μ μ§λλ₯Ό μμ±νμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄κ² κ·Έμ€ μΌλΆμ΄μ£ . | We make maps of these mountain ranges with sound, with sonar, and this is one of those mountain ranges. |
μ°λ¦° μ§κΈ μ€λ₯ΈνΈ ν΄μ μ λ²½μ νκ³ κ°κ³ μλλ°μ | We're coming around a cliff here on the right. |
μ΄ μμͺ½ κ³κ³‘μ μ°λ΄μ°λ¦¬λ€μ λμ΄λ λλΆλΆ μνμ€μ°λ§₯λ³΄λ€ ν¨μ¬ λμ΅λλ€. | The height of these mountains on either side of this valley is greater than the Alps in most cases. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μμ§ μλ°± μμ²κ°μ μ΄λ₯΄λ ν΄μ μ°λ§₯λ€μ΄ μμ§ μ§λνλμ§ μμ μ± λ¨μμμ΅λλ€. | And there's tens of thousands of those mountains out there that haven't been mapped yet. |
μ¬κΈ΄ νμ°μ§μμΈλ°μ | This is a volcanic ridge. |
μ²λλ₯Ό νλν΄ λ΄λ €κ°λ€λ³΄λ©΄ | We're getting down further and further in scale. |
κ²°κ΅ μ΄λ°κ³³μ λ€λ€λ₯΄κ² λ©λλ€. | And eventually, we can come up with something like this. |
μ΄κ±΄ μ°λ¦¬ λ‘λ΄ Jasonμ μμ΄μ½μΈλ°μ | This is an icon of our robot, Jason, it's called. |
μ¬λ¬λΆλ μ΄λ κ² λ°©μ μμ μ‘°μ΄μ€ν±κ³Ό ν€λμ
μ μ΄μ©ν΄ λ‘λ΄μ νκ³ μ€μ λ‘ ν΄μ λ°λ₯μ μ€μκ°μΌλ‘ λμλ€λ μ μμ΅λλ€. | And you can sit in a room like this, with a joystick and a headset, and drive a robot like that around the bottom of the ocean in real time. |
μ ν¬κ° Woods Holeμμ ννΈλλ€κ³Ό μ§ννλ €λ μμ
μ€ νλκ° μ΄λ° κ°μμ μΈκ³λ₯Ό μμ§ νμ¬λμ§ μμ μ§μλ€μ, μ€νμ€λ‘ λ€μ κ°μ Έμ€λκ±°μ£ . | One of the things we're trying to do at Woods Hole with our partners is to bring this virtual world -- this world, this unexplored region -- back to the laboratory. |
μλλ©΄ μ§κΈμ μλ£κ° μμ λΆλΆλ€λ‘ ν©μ΄μ Έ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄μ£ | Because we see it in bits and pieces right now. |
μ΄λ κ² μ리, λΉλμ€, μ¬μ§, νΉμ ννμ μΌμλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μλ£λ€μ λͺ¨μμ§λ§ λͺ¨λ κ±Έ μμ§ μλ²½ν νμ₯μ κ·Έλ¦ΌμΌλ‘λ λ§λ€μ§ λͺ»νμ΅λλ€. | We see it either as sound, or we see it as video, or we see it as photographs, or we see it as chemical sensors, but we never have yet put it all together into one interesting picture. |
μ΄κ² Billμ μΉ΄λ©λΌκ° κ°μ₯ λΉμ λ°νλ λ μΈλ°μ | Here's where Bill's cameras really do shine. |
μ΄κ² λ°λ‘ ν΄μ λΆμΆκ³΅ μ
λλ€. | This is what's called a hydrothermal vent. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄κ±΄ μμμ ν©νλ¬Όλ€λ‘ κ°λ μ°¨μλ μ°κΈ°μ
λλ€. μ¬ν΄μ νμ°μ§μμμ λΏμ΄μ Έ λμ€λκ²λ€μΈλ°μ | And what you're seeing here is a cloud of densely packed, hydrogen-sulfide-rich water coming out of a volcanic axis on the sea floor. |
μ¨λλ μμ¨ 310 ~ 380λ κ°λ λꡬμ | Gets up to 600, 700 degrees F, somewhere in that range. |
λͺ¨λ λ°λ€ μλ 1.5~3λ§μΌμμ λ°κ²¬ν μ μλ κ²μ
λλ€. | So that's all water under the sea -- a mile and a half, two miles, three miles down. |
μ ν¬λ μ΄κ² 60, 70λ
λμ νμ°λ€μ΄λΌ μκ°νλλ°μ | And we knew it was volcanic back in the '60s, '70s. |
μ΄μ©λ€ μ΄κ² μμ§κΉμ§ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€λ ννΈλ₯Ό μ»μ μ μμμ΅λλ€. νμ°νλμ΄ μμΌλ©΄ λ¬Όμ΄ μ¬ν΄ λ°λ₯μ νμΌλ‘ λ€μ΄κ°λλ°μ λλ¬Έμ λ¬Όμ΄ λ§κ·Έλ§μ λ§λκ² λλ©΄ μ΄ μΆμ λ°λΌ μ΄μ λ°μ°νκ² λ©λλ€. | And then we had some hint that these things existed all along the axis of it, because if you've got volcanism, water's going to get down from the sea into cracks in the sea floor, come in contact with magma, and come shooting out hot. |
μ ν¬λ ν©νμμκ° κ·Έλ κ² νλΆν리λΌκ³ μκ°μΉλ μμμ΅λλ€. | We weren't really aware that it would be so rich with sulfides, hydrogen sulfides. |
'κ΅΄λ'μ΄λΌκ³ μ°λ¦¬κ° λΆλ₯΄λ μ΄κ²μ λν΄, μ°λ¦¬λ μ ν λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³ μμμ΅λλ€. | We didn't have any idea about these things, which we call chimneys. |
μ΄κ²μ΄ μ΄μ λΆμΆκ³΅ μ€ νλμ
λλ€. | This is one of these hydrothermal vents. |
νμ¨ 600λμ λ¬Όμ΄ μ§κ΅¬λ‘λΆν° λΆμΆλ©λλ€. | Six hundred degree F water coming out of the Earth. |
μ°λ¦¬ μ μμΌλ‘λ μνμ€λ³΄λ€ λ λμ μ°μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλμ μ΄κ³³μ νκ²½μ λ§€μ° λλΌλ§ν±νμ£ . | On either side of us are mountain ranges that are higher than the Alps, so the setting here is very dramatic. |
μ΄ νμ λ¬Όμ§μ λ°ν
리μμ μΌμ’
μΈλ°μ μμ¨ 180λμμ μ μλλλ€. | BL: The white material is a type of bacteria that thrives at 180 degrees C. |
κ°μ₯ ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄ μ μ λ°λ‘ μ°λ¦¬κ° ν΄μ λ©΄μμ 보λ κ², κ·Έλ¬λκΉ λ°λ€ μμμμ νμ° νλ° μ΄νμ κ°μ₯ μ²μ 보λ κ²μ΄ λ°ν
리μ λΌλ κ±°μ£ . | DG: I think that's one of the greatest stories right now that we're seeing from the bottom of the sea, is that the first thing we see coming out of the sea floor after a volcanic eruption is bacteria. |
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ°λ¦¬λ μ΄κ² λ체 μ¬κΈ°μ μ΄λ»κ² λ΄λ €μμκΉμ λν΄ μμ£Ό μ€λ«λμ κΆκΈν΄νμ΅λλ€. | And we started to wonder for a long time, how did it all get down there? |
νμ¬λ‘μ μ ν¬κ° μ°ΎμλΈ κ²μ μλ§ μ§κ΅¬ μμμ λμ€μ§ μμκΉ νλ κ²μ
λλ€. | What we find out now is that it's probably coming from inside the Earth. |
λ¨μ§ μ§κ΅¬ μμμ λμ¬ λΏ μλλΌ κ·Έλ¬λκΉ, νμ° νλμ ν΅ν΄ λ§λ€μ΄μ§ μλ¬ΌμΌ λΏλ§ μλλΌ μ΄ λ°ν
리μλ€μ΄ μλ¬Ό κ΅°λ½ νμ±μ λ·λ°μΉ¨νλ€λ κ±°μ£ . | Not only is it coming out of the Earth -- so, biogenesis made from volcanic activity -- but that bacteria supports these colonies of life. |
μ΄κ³³μ μλ ₯μ 1νλ°©μΈμΉλΉ 4000νμ΄λμ
λλ€. | The pressure here is 4,000 pounds per square inch. |
ν΄μλ©΄μΌλ‘λΆν° 0.5~3λ§μΌ μλλΆν°λ νλ³μ΄ λ¨ ν λ²λ λΉμΆ μ μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. | A mile and a half from the surface to two miles to three miles -- no sun has ever gotten down here. |
μλͺ
체λ₯Ό ꡬμ±νλ λͺ¨λ μλμ§λ μ§κ΅¬λ΄λΆλ‘λΆν° λμ΅λλ€, μ¦ ννν©μ±μ΄μ£ . | All the energy to support these life forms is coming from inside the Earth -- so, chemosynthesis. |
μ°λ¦¬λ μλͺ
체λ€μ λ°μ§λκ° μλΉν λλ€λ κ²λ μ μ μμ΅λλ€. | And you can see how dense the population is. |
μ΄κ²λ€μ μκ΄μΆ©μ΄λΌκ³ νλλ°μ. | These are called tube worms. |
μ΄ λ²λ λ€μ μνκΈ°κ΄μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. μ
λ μμ£ . | BL: These worms have no digestive system. They have no mouth. |
νμ§λ§ μ΄λ€μ λ μ’
λ₯μ μκ°λ―Έ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμ΅λλ€. | But they have two types of gill structures. |
νλλ μ¬ν΄μλ‘λΆν° μ°μλ₯Ό μ»μ΄λ΄κΈ° μν κ²μ΄κ³ , λ€λ₯Έ νλλ μ΄λ° ννν©μ± λ°ν
리μμ μ§ μν μ νλ κ²μ
λλ€. μ΄μμ νλ¦μ μ‘λ 건λ°μ λ°λ₯μμ μ¬λΌμ€λ λ¨κ±°μ΄ λ¬Όμ΄ λ³΄μ΄λλ°μ κ·Έλ¬λ©΄ κ·Έκ±Έ λ¨μλΉ ννλ‘ λ°κΏμ μκ΄μΆ©μ΄ μν ν μ μλλ‘ νλ κ²μ΄μ£ | One for extracting oxygen out of the deep-sea water, another one which houses this chemosynthetic bacteria, which takes the hydrothermal fluid -- that hot water that you saw coming out of the bottom -- and converts that into simple sugars that the tube worm can digest. |
보μ΄μμ£ - μ΄ μλμ μ΄κ³ μλ κ²μ
λλ€. | DG: You can see, here's a crab that lives down there. |
μ΄λ° λ²λ λμ κ°κΉμ€λ‘ μ‘μμ΅λλ€ | He's managed to grab a tip of these worms. |
λ³΄ν΅ λ²λ λ€μ κ²μ λΏμλ§μ ν μμΈ λ¬ λ€μ£ | Now, they normally retract as soon as a crab touches them. |