id	label	title	paragraph	sentence
0	1	Pollution	1	Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
1	1	Pollution	1	Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
2	1	Pollution	1	Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants.
3	1	Pollution	1	Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
4	1	Pollution	1	In 2015, pollution killed 9 million people in the world.
5	1	Pollution	2	Major forms of pollution include: Air pollution, light pollution, littering, noise pollution, plastic pollution, soil contamination, radioactive contamination, thermal pollution, visual pollution, water pollution.
6	1	Pollution	3	Air pollution has always accompanied civilizations.
7	1	Pollution	3	Pollution started from prehistoric times, when man created the first fires.
8	1	Pollution	3	"According to a 1983 article in the journal ""Science,"" ""soot"" found on ceilings of prehistoric caves provides ample evidence of the high levels of pollution that was associated with inadequate ventilation of open fires."
9	1	Pollution	3	Metal forging appears to be a key turning point in the creation of significant air pollution levels outside the home.
10	1	Pollution	3	Core samples of glaciers in Greenland indicate increases in pollution associated with Greek, Roman, and Chinese metal production.
11	1	Pollution	4	The burning of coal and wood, and the presence of many horses in concentrated areas made the cities the primary sources of pollution.
12	1	Pollution	4	The Industrial Revolution brought an infusion of untreated chemicals and wastes into local streams that served as the water supply.
13	1	Pollution	4	King Edward I of England banned the burning of sea-coal by proclamation in London in 1272, after its smoke became a problem; the fuel was so common in England that this earliest of names for it was acquired because it could be carted away from some shores by the wheelbarrow.
14	1	Pollution	5	It was the Industrial Revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today.
15	1	Pollution	5	London also recorded one of the earlier extreme cases of water quality problems with the Great Stink on the Thames of 1858, which led to construction of the London sewerage system soon afterward.
16	1	Pollution	5	Pollution issues escalated as population growth far exceeded viability of neighborhoods to handle their waste problem.
17	1	Pollution	5	Reformers began to demand sewer systems and clean water.
18	1	Pollution	6	In 1870, the sanitary conditions in Berlin were among the worst in Europe.
19	1	Pollution	6	August Bebel recalled conditions before a modern sewer system was built in the late 1870s:
20	1	Pollution	7	The primitive conditions were intolerable for a world national capital, and the Imperial German government brought in its scientists, engineers, and urban planners to not only solve the deficiencies, but to forge Berlin as the world's model city.
21	1	Pollution	7	"A British expert in 1906 concluded that Berlin represented ""the most complete application of science, order and method of public life,"" adding ""it is a marvel of civic administration, the most modern and most perfectly organized city that there is."
22	1	Pollution	8	The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.
23	1	Pollution	8	Chicago and Cincinnati were the first two American cities to enact laws ensuring cleaner air in 1881.
24	1	Pollution	8	Pollution became a major issue in the United States in the early twentieth century, as progressive reformers took issue with air pollution caused by coal burning, water pollution caused by bad sanitation, and street pollution caused by the 3 million horses who worked in American cities in 1900, generating large quantities of urine and manure.
25	1	Pollution	8	"As historian Martin Melosi notes, The generation that first saw automobiles replacing the horses saw cars as ""miracles of cleanliness.""."
26	1	Pollution	8	By the 1940s, however, automobile-caused smog was a major issue in Los Angeles.
27	1	Pollution	9	Other cities followed around the country until early in the 20th century, when the short lived Office of Air Pollution was created under the Department of the Interior.
28	1	Pollution	9	Extreme smog events were experienced by the cities of Los Angeles and Donora, Pennsylvania in the late 1940s, serving as another public reminder.
29	1	Pollution	10	Air pollution would continue to be a problem in England, especially later during the industrial revolution, and extending into the recent past with the Great Smog of 1952.
30	1	Pollution	10	Awareness of atmospheric pollution spread widely after World War II, with fears triggered by reports of radioactive fallout from atomic warfare and testing.
31	1	Pollution	10	Then a non-nuclear event – the Great Smog of 1952 in London – killed at least 4000 people.
32	1	Pollution	10	This prompted some of the first major modern environmental legislation: the Clean Air Act of 1956.
33	1	Pollution	11	Pollution began to draw major public attention in the United States between the mid-1950s and early 1970s, when Congress passed the Noise Control Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act.
34	1	Pollution	12	Severe incidents of pollution helped increase consciousness.
35	1	Pollution	12	PCB dumping in the Hudson River resulted in a ban by the EPA on consumption of its fish in 1974.
36	1	Pollution	12	National news stories in the late 1970s – especially the long-term dioxin contamination at Love Canal starting in 1947 and uncontrolled dumping in Valley of the Drums – led to the Superfund legislation of 1980.
37	1	Pollution	12	The pollution of industrial land gave rise to the name brownfield, a term now common in city planning.
38	1	Pollution	13	The development of nuclear science introduced radioactive contamination, which can remain lethally radioactive for hundreds of thousands of years.
39	1	Pollution	13	"Lake Karachay – named by the Worldwatch Institute as the ""most polluted spot"" on earth – served as a disposal site for the Soviet Union throughout the 1950s and 1960s."
40	1	Pollution	13	"Chelyabinsk, Russia, is considered the ""Most polluted place on the planet""."
41	1	Pollution	14	Nuclear weapons continued to be tested in the Cold War, especially in the earlier stages of their development.
42	1	Pollution	14	The toll on the worst-affected populations and the growth since then in understanding about the critical threat to human health posed by radioactivity has also been a prohibitive complication associated with nuclear power.
43	1	Pollution	14	Though extreme care is practiced in that industry, the potential for disaster suggested by incidents such as those at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima pose a lingering specter of public mistrust.
44	1	Pollution	14	Worldwide publicity has been intense on those disasters.
45	1	Pollution	14	Widespread support for test ban treaties has ended almost all nuclear testing in the atmosphere.
46	1	Pollution	15	International catastrophes such as the wreck of the Amoco Cadiz oil tanker off the coast of Brittany in 1978 and the Bhopal disaster in 1984 have demonstrated the universality of such events and the scale on which efforts to address them needed to engage.
47	1	Pollution	15	The borderless nature of atmosphere and oceans inevitably resulted in the implication of pollution on a planetary level with the issue of global warming.
48	1	Pollution	15	Most recently the term persistent organic pollutant (POP) has come to describe a group of chemicals such as PBDEs and PFCs among others.
49	1	Pollution	15	Though their effects remain somewhat less well understood owing to a lack of experimental data, they have been detected in various ecological habitats far removed from industrial activity such as the Arctic, demonstrating diffusion and bioaccumulation after only a relatively brief period of widespread use.
50	1	Pollution	15	A much more recently discovered problem is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a huge concentration of plastics, chemical sludge and other debris which has been collected into a large area of the Pacific Ocean by the North Pacific Gyre.
51	1	Pollution	15	This is a less well known pollution problem than the others described above, but nonetheless has multiple and serious consequences such as increasing wildlife mortality, the spread of invasive species and human ingestion of toxic chemicals.
52	1	Pollution	15	Organizations such as 5 Gyres have researched the pollution and, along with artists like Marina DeBris, are working toward publicizing the issue.
53	1	Pollution	16	Pollution introduced by light at night is becoming a global problem, more severe in urban centres, but nonetheless contaminating also large territories, far away from towns.
54	1	Pollution	17	Growing evidence of local and global pollution and an increasingly informed public over time have given rise to environmentalism and the environmental movement, which generally seek to limit human impact on the environment.
55	1	Pollution	18	The major forms of pollution are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them:
56	1	Pollution	19	A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water, or soil.
57	1	Pollution	19	Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant: its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence.
58	1	Pollution	20	Pollution has a cost.
59	1	Pollution	20	Manufacturing activities that cause air pollution impose health and clean-up costs on the whole of society, whereas the neighbors of an individual who chooses to fire-proof his home may benefit from a reduced risk of a fire spreading to their own homes.
60	1	Pollution	20	A manufacturing activity that causes air pollution is an example of a negative externality in production.
61	1	Pollution	20	A negative externality in production occurs “when a firm’s production reduces the well-being of others who are not compensated by the firm.
62	1	Pollution	20	For example, if a laundry firm exists near a polluting steel manufacturing firm, there will be increased costs for the laundry firm because of the dirt and smoke produced by the steel manufacturing firm.
63	1	Pollution	20	If external costs exist, such as those created by pollution, the manufacturer will choose to produce more of the product than would be produced if the manufacturer were required to pay all associated environmental costs.
64	1	Pollution	20	Because responsibility or consequence for self-directed action lies partly outside the self, an element of externalization is involved.
65	1	Pollution	20	If there are external benefits, such as in public safety, less of the good may be produced than would be the case if the producer were to receive payment for the external benefits to others.
66	1	Pollution	20	However, goods and services that involve negative externalities in production, such as those that produce pollution, tend to be over-produced and underpriced since the externality is not being priced into the market.
67	1	Pollution	21	Pollution can also create costs for the firms producing the pollution.
68	1	Pollution	21	Sometimes firms choose, or are forced by regulation, to reduce the amount of pollution that they are producing.
69	1	Pollution	21	The associated costs of doing this are called abatement costs, or marginal abatement costs if measured by each additional unit.
70	1	Pollution	21	In 2005 pollution abatement capital expenditures and operating costs in the US amounted to nearly $27 billion.
71	1	Pollution	22	Society derives some indirect utility from pollution, otherwise there would be no incentive to pollute.
72	1	Pollution	22	This utility comes from the consumption of goods and services that create pollution.
73	1	Pollution	22	Therefore, it is important that policymakers attempt to balance these indirect benefits with the costs of pollution in order to achieve an efficient outcome.
74	1	Pollution	23	It is possible to use environmental economics to determine which level of pollution is deemed the social optimum.
75	1	Pollution	23	For economists, pollution is an “external cost and occurs only when one or more individuals suffer a loss of welfare,” however, there exists a socially optimal level of pollution at which welfare is maximized.
76	1	Pollution	23	This is because consumers derive utility from the good or service manufactured, which will outweigh the social cost of pollution until a certain point.
77	1	Pollution	23	At this point the damage of one extra unit of pollution to society, the marginal cost of pollution, is exactly equal to the marginal benefit of consuming one more unit of the good or service.
78	1	Pollution	24	In markets with pollution, or other negative externalities in production, the free market equilibrium will not account for the costs of pollution on society.
79	1	Pollution	24	If the social costs of pollution are higher than the private costs incurred by the firm, then the true supply curve will be higher.
80	1	Pollution	24	The point at which the social marginal cost and market demand intersect gives the socially optimal level of pollution.
81	1	Pollution	24	At this point, the quantity will be lower and the price will be higher in comparison to the free market equilibrium.
82	1	Pollution	24	Therefore, the free market outcome could be considered a market failure because it “does not maximize efficiency”.
83	1	Pollution	25	This model can be used as a basis to evaluate different methods of internalizing the externality.
84	1	Pollution	25	Some examples include tariffs, a carbon tax and cap and trade systems.
85	1	Pollution	26	Air pollution comes from both natural and human-made (anthropogenic) sources.
86	1	Pollution	26	However, globally human-made pollutants from combustion, construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are increasingly significant in the air pollution equation.
87	1	Pollution	27	Motor vehicle emissions are one of the leading causes of air pollution.
88	1	Pollution	27	China, United States, Russia, India Mexico, and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution emissions.
89	1	Pollution	27	Principal stationary pollution sources include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, nuclear waste disposal activity, incinerators, large livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry, etc.
90	1	Pollution	27	), PVC factories, metals production factories, plastics factories, and other heavy industry.
91	1	Pollution	27	Agricultural air pollution comes from contemporary practices which include clear felling and burning of natural vegetation as well as spraying of pesticides and herbicides
92	1	Pollution	28	About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated each year.
93	1	Pollution	28	The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons.
94	1	Pollution	28	Americans constitute less than 5% of the world's population, but produce roughly 25% of the world's , and generate approximately 30% of world's waste.
95	1	Pollution	28	In 2007, China has overtaken the United States as the world's biggest producer of , while still far behind based on per capita pollution – ranked 78th among the world's nations.
96	1	Pollution	28	In February 2007, a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), representing the work of 2,500 scientists, economists, and policymakers from more than 120 countries, said that humans have been the primary cause of global warming since 1950.
97	1	Pollution	28	Humans have ways to cut greenhouse gas emissions and avoid the consequences of global warming, a major climate report concluded.
98	1	Pollution	28	But to change the climate, the transition from fossil fuels like coal and oil needs to occur within decades, according to the final report this year from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
99	1	Pollution	29	Some of the more common soil contaminants are chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), heavy metals (such as chromium, cadmium – found in rechargeable batteries, and lead – found in lead paint, aviation fuel and still in some countries, gasoline), MTBE, zinc, arsenic and benzene.
100	1	Pollution	29	"In 2001 a series of press reports culminating in a book called ""Fateful Harvest"" unveiled a widespread practice of recycling industrial byproducts into fertilizer, resulting in the contamination of the soil with various metals."
101	1	Pollution	29	Ordinary municipal landfills are the source of many chemical substances entering the soil environment (and often groundwater), emanating from the wide variety of refuse accepted, especially substances illegally discarded there, or from pre-1970 landfills that may have been subject to little control in the U.S. or EU.
102	1	Pollution	29	"There have also been some unusual releases of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, commonly called ""dioxins"" for simplicity, such as TCDD."
103	1	Pollution	30	Pollution can also be the consequence of a natural disaster.
104	1	Pollution	30	For example, hurricanes often involve water contamination from sewage, and petrochemical spills from ruptured boats or automobiles.
105	1	Pollution	30	Larger scale and environmental damage is not uncommon when coastal oil rigs or refineries are involved.
106	1	Pollution	30	Some sources of pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil tankers, can produce widespread and potentially hazardous releases when accidents occur.
107	1	Pollution	31	In the case of noise pollution the dominant source class is the motor vehicle, producing about ninety percent of all unwanted noise worldwide.
108	1	Pollution	32	Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans.
109	1	Pollution	32	Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion.
110	1	Pollution	32	Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.
111	1	Pollution	32	An estimated 500 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, Over ten million people in India fell ill with waterborne illnesses in 2013, and 1,535 people died, most of them children.
112	1	Pollution	32	Nearly 500 million Chinese lack access to safe drinking water.
113	1	Pollution	32	A 2010 analysis estimated that 1.2 million people died prematurely each year in China because of air pollution.
114	1	Pollution	32	The high smog levels China has been facing for a long time can do damage to civilians bodies and generate different diseases The WHO estimated in 2007 that air pollution causes half a million deaths per year in India.
115	1	Pollution	32	Studies have estimated that the number of people killed annually in the United States could be over 50,000.
116	1	Pollution	33	Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes.
117	1	Pollution	33	Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance.
118	1	Pollution	33	Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms.
119	1	Pollution	33	Older people are majorly exposed to diseases induced by air pollution.
120	1	Pollution	33	Those with heart or lung disorders are at additional risk.
121	1	Pollution	33	Children and infants are also at serious risk.
122	1	Pollution	33	Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems.
123	1	Pollution	33	Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects.
124	1	Pollution	34	An October 2017 study by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health found that global pollution, specifically toxic air, water, soils and workplaces, kill nine million people annually, which is triple the number of deaths caused by AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria combined, and 15 times higher than deaths caused by wars and other forms of human violence.
125	1	Pollution	34	"The study concluded that ""pollution is one of the great existential challenges of the Anthropocene era."
126	1	Pollution	34	Pollution endangers the stability of the Earth’s support systems and threatens the continuing survival of human societies.
127	1	Pollution	35	Pollution has been found to be present widely in the environment.
128	1	Pollution	35	There are a number of effects of this:
129	1	Pollution	36	The Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) at the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) maintains a comprehensive toxicology and environmental health web site that includes access to resources produced by TEHIP and by other government agencies and organizations.
130	1	Pollution	36	This web site includes links to databases, bibliographies, tutorials, and other scientific and consumer-oriented resources.
131	1	Pollution	36	TEHIP also is responsible for the Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET) an integrated system of toxicology and environmental health databases that are available free of charge on the web.
132	1	Pollution	37	TOXMAP is a Geographic Information System (GIS) that is part of TOXNET.
133	1	Pollution	37	TOXMAP uses maps of the United States to help users visually explore data from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Toxics Release Inventory and Superfund Basic Research Programs.
134	1	Pollution	38	A 2019 paper linked pollution to adverse school outcomes for children.
135	1	Pollution	39	A number of studies show that pollution has an adverse effect on the productivity of both indoor and outdoor workers.
136	1	Pollution	40	To protect the environment from the adverse effects of pollution, many nations worldwide have enacted legislation to regulate various types of pollution as well as to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution.
137	1	Pollution	41	Pollution control is a term used in environmental management.
138	1	Pollution	41	It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil.
139	1	Pollution	41	Without pollution control, the waste products from overconsumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment.
140	1	Pollution	41	In the hierarchy of controls, pollution prevention and waste minimization are more desirable than pollution control.
141	1	Pollution	41	In the field of land development, low impact development is a similar technique for the prevention of urban runoff.
142	1	Pollution	44	The earliest precursor of pollution generated by life forms would have been a natural function of their existence.
143	1	Pollution	44	The attendant consequences on viability and population levels fell within the sphere of natural selection.
144	1	Pollution	44	These would have included the demise of a population locally or ultimately, species extinction.
145	1	Pollution	44	Processes that were untenable would have resulted in a new balance brought about by changes and adaptations.
146	1	Pollution	44	At the extremes, for any form of life, consideration of pollution is superseded by that of survival.
147	1	Pollution	45	For humankind, the factor of technology is a distinguishing and critical consideration, both as an enabler and an additional source of byproducts.
148	1	Pollution	45	Short of survival, human concerns include the range from quality of life to health hazards.
149	1	Pollution	45	Since science holds experimental demonstration to be definitive, modern treatment of toxicity or environmental harm involves defining a level at which an effect is observable.
150	1	Pollution	45	Common examples of fields where practical measurement is crucial include automobile emissions control, industrial exposure (e.g.
151	1	Pollution	45	Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PELs), toxicology (e.g.
152	1	Pollution	45	), and medicine (e.g.
153	1	Pollution	45	medication and radiation doses).
154	1	Pollution	46	"The solution to pollution is dilution"", is a dictum which summarizes a traditional approach to pollution management whereby sufficiently diluted pollution is not harmful."
155	1	Pollution	46	It is well-suited to some other modern, locally scoped applications such as laboratory safety procedure and hazardous material release emergency management.
156	1	Pollution	46	But it assumes that the dilutant is in virtually unlimited supply for the application or that resulting dilutions are acceptable in all cases.
157	1	Pollution	47	Such simple treatment for environmental pollution on a wider scale might have had greater merit in earlier centuries when physical survival was often the highest imperative, human population and densities were lower, technologies were simpler and their byproducts more benign.
158	1	Pollution	47	But these are often no longer the case.
159	1	Pollution	47	Furthermore, advances have enabled measurement of concentrations not possible before.
160	1	Pollution	47	The use of statistical methods in evaluating outcomes has given currency to the principle of probable harm in cases where assessment is warranted but resorting to deterministic models is impractical or infeasible.
161	1	Pollution	47	In addition, consideration of the environment beyond direct impact on human beings has gained prominence.
162	1	Pollution	48	Yet in the absence of a superseding principle, this older approach predominates practices throughout the world.
163	1	Pollution	48	It is the basis by which to gauge concentrations of effluent for legal release, exceeding which penalties are assessed or restrictions applied.
164	1	Pollution	48	One such superseding principle is contained in modern hazardous waste laws in developed countries, as the process of diluting hazardous waste to make it non-hazardous is usually a regulated treatment process.
165	1	Pollution	48	Migration from pollution dilution to elimination in many cases can be confronted by challenging economical and technological barriers.
166	1	Pollution	49	Carbon dioxide, while vital for photosynthesis, is sometimes referred to as pollution, because raised levels of the gas in the atmosphere are affecting the Earth's climate.
167	1	Pollution	49	Disruption of the environment can also highlight the connection between areas of pollution that would normally be classified separately, such as those of water and air.
168	1	Pollution	49	Recent studies have investigated the potential for long-term rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide to cause slight but critical increases in the acidity of ocean waters, and the possible effects of this on marine ecosystems.
169	1	Pollution	50	The Pure Earth, an international non-for-profit organization dedicated to eliminating life-threatening pollution in the developing world, issues an annual list of some of the world's most polluting industries.
170	1	Pollution	51	A 2018 report by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and GRAIN says that the meat and dairy industries are poised to surpass the oil industry as the world's worst polluters.
171	1	Pollution	52	Pure Earth issues an annual list of some of the world's worst polluted places.
172	1	Alexis Rockman	1	Alexis Rockman (born 1962) is an American contemporary artist known for his paintings that provide depictions of future landscapes as they might exist with impacts of climate change and evolution influenced by genetic engineering.
173	1	Alexis Rockman	1	He has exhibited his work in the United States since 1985, including a 2004 exhibition at the Brooklyn Museum, and internationally since 1989.
174	1	Alexis Rockman	1	Alexis Rockman lives in New York City, and works out of a studio in the city's TriBeCa neighborhood.
175	1	Alexis Rockman	2	Rockman was born and grew up in New York City.
176	1	Alexis Rockman	2	Rockman's stepfather, an Australian jazz musician, brought the family to Australia frequently.
177	1	Alexis Rockman	2	As a child, Rockman frequented the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where his mother, Diana Wall, worked for anthropologist Margaret Mead.
178	1	Alexis Rockman	2	Rockman has a particular fascination with cockroaches and rats, and admires their ability to shadow human civilization.
179	1	Alexis Rockman	3	Growing up, Rockman had an interest in natural history and science, and developed fascination for film, animation, and the arts.
180	1	Alexis Rockman	3	From 1980 to 1982, Rockman studied animation at the Rhode Island School of Design, and continued art studies at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan, receiving a BFA in fine arts in 1985.
181	1	Alexis Rockman	4	Aside from his art career, Rockman has taken on requests from conservation groups, including the Riverkeeper project, which has fought against pollution of the Hudson River.
182	1	Alexis Rockman	5	In the mid and late-1980s, Rockman began exhibiting his work at the Jay Gorney Modern Art Gallery in New York City in the East Village and relocated to SoHo in 1988.
183	1	Alexis Rockman	5	Rockman also had exhibitions at galleries in Los Angeles, Boston, and Philadelphia in the late 1980s.
184	1	Alexis Rockman	5	"In ""Phylum"", Rockman draws upon the work of Ernst Haeckel, a proponent of Darwinism."
185	1	Alexis Rockman	5	"In 1992, Rockman painted his first mural, ""Evolution""."
186	1	Alexis Rockman	6	"A series of works by Rockman in the early 1990s, including ""Barnyard Scene"" (1990), ""Jungle Fever"" (1991), ""The Trough"" (1992), and ""Biosphere: Laboratory"" (1993), use dark humor in depicting different species mating with one another."
187	1	Alexis Rockman	6	"In ""Barnyard Scene"", Rockman depicts a raccoon mating with a rooster, and ""Jungle Fever"" shows a praying mantis mating with a chipmunk."
188	1	Alexis Rockman	6	"In the ""Biosphere"" series of paintings, Rockman alludes to the Biosphere 2 project in Arizona and envisions a situation where the Earth has become too toxic for human life, so life only exists in strangely mutated forms inside geodesic-dome structures."
189	1	Alexis Rockman	6	"Biosphere"" uses references from science fiction cinema, particularly the opening scene of the 1971 film ""Silent Running""', as well as Stanley Kubrick's ""2001"", and Ridley Scott's ""Alien""."
190	1	Alexis Rockman	6	"Biosphere: The Ocean"" (1994), influenced by H. R. Giger's work, depicts a shark with a long, bionic sawfish beak, suited for tearing through its food."
191	1	Alexis Rockman	7	"In 1993, Rockman created ""Still Life"", a still life depiction of a pile of fish and marine specimens, evoking reference to 1935 horror James Whale film ""Bride of Frankenstein"" and films by Luis Buñuel."
192	1	Alexis Rockman	7	"In ""Still Life"", Rockman alludes to the ""Wunderkammer"", placing ""aberrant contents"" amidst a Baroque still life scene, which traditionally is abundant with wealth and goods from Dutch and Spanish colonies."
193	1	Alexis Rockman	8	Many of Alexis Rockman's works have been inspired by his travels around the world, including to Costa Rica, Brazil, Madagascar, Guyana, Tasmania, and Antarctica.
194	1	Alexis Rockman	8	Rockman traveled to Guyana in 1994 with fellow artist Mark Dion, resulting in numerous paintings of the flora and fauna that he observed.
195	1	Alexis Rockman	8	For the 1994 trip, he strictly painted works that depicted what he saw, with particular interest in various types of insects.
196	1	Alexis Rockman	8	"Neblina"" (1995), one of the last works resulting from the Guyana trip, was painted after the collapse of a tailings dam at the Omni gold mine in Guyana, resulting in cyanide leaking into the waterway."
197	1	Alexis Rockman	8	Neblina shows wildlife huddled together high in tree branches.
198	1	Alexis Rockman	8	Rockman returned to Guyana in 1998, and his works from that trip focused on aspects of ecotourism.
199	1	Alexis Rockman	8	"Rockman traveled to Antarctica in 2008 with Dorothy Spears, and works resulting from this voyage were featured in the ""Badlands: New Horizons in Landscape"" exhibit at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art."
200	1	Alexis Rockman	9	"Rockman's interest in science lead to a book collaboration with scientist and author Peter Douglass Ward called ""Future Evolution"", which was published in 2001."
201	1	Alexis Rockman	9	Rockman and Ward collaborated, with Ward writing the text and Rockman creating the images.
202	1	Alexis Rockman	9	Rockman and Ward portray the future as abundant with plants and animals, but they are descendants of weedy species or feral domestics.
203	1	Alexis Rockman	10	"Rockman's painting ""The Farm"" was exhibited at the Exit Art Gallery in New York City in 2000, as part of the ""Paradise Now"" exhibition."
204	1	Alexis Rockman	10	The work depicts various animals and plants in a soybean field, and how they may appear in the future, as a result of genetic engineering.
205	1	Alexis Rockman	10	"The work illustrates how our culture perceives and interacts with plants and animals and the role culture plays in impacting the direction of natural history.In his painting, ""The Farm"", rows of soybean plants extend toward the horizon."
206	1	Alexis Rockman	10	“The way I constructed it is that, as in a lot of Western cultures, we read things from left to right.”.
207	1	Alexis Rockman	10	“On the left side of the image are the ancestral species of the chicken, the pig, the cow, and the mouse”; on the right, their contemporary versions.
208	1	Alexis Rockman	10	Farther to the right are “permutations of what things might look like in the future.” The choice of a soybean field as his subject is fitting since soybeans are the most common, genetically modified crop.
209	1	Alexis Rockman	10	A pig becomes obese with images of a heart, lungs, and liver imposed on its side.
210	1	Alexis Rockman	10	A tiny hairless mouse scavenges while a human ear grows out of its back.
211	1	Alexis Rockman	10	A rooster sits upon a fence pole, its six wings pressed against its side.
212	1	Alexis Rockman	10	For this work, Rockman consulted with molecular biologist Rob DeSalle at the American Museum of Natural History.
213	1	Alexis Rockman	10	"The Farm"" lead to a residency and a body of work of four other 8x10' paintings called ""Wonderful World"", which was shown at the Camden Art Center in London in 2004."
214	1	Alexis Rockman	10	In Rockman's wonderful world series he paints vast vistas depicting futuristic visions of genetically engineered species.
215	1	Alexis Rockman	11	"Manifest Destiny"" 2004"
216	1	Alexis Rockman	12	"In 2004, the Brooklyn Museum featured ""Manifest Destiny"", an 8-by-24-foot oil-on-wood mural by Rockman as a centerpiece for the second-floor Mezzanine Gallery and marking the opening of the renovated Grand Lobby and plaza at the museum."
217	1	Alexis Rockman	12	"Manifest Destiny"" portrays the Brooklyn waterfront amidst tropical vegetation and absent any humans, in the year 5004, after climate change has caused catastrophic sea level rise."
218	1	Alexis Rockman	12	Rockman sketched out initial ideas for the mural in January 2000, and Brooklyn Museum director Arnold L. Lehman officially commissioned the mural in 2002.
219	1	Alexis Rockman	12	Rockman began work on the mural in March 2003, consulting with experts in various fields, including Peter Ward and scientists at Columbia University's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, as well as architects Diane Lewis and Chris Morris.
220	1	Alexis Rockman	12	Rockman shows the outcome 3000 years in the future, depicting tropical plants, mutated fish and sea creatures glowing with radioactivity amidst the ruins of buildings, the Brooklyn Bridge, the wrecks of a Dutch sailing ship and a 20th-century submarine.
221	1	Alexis Rockman	12	Rockman's project suggests what the remote geological, botanical, and zoological future might bring, predicting the ecosystem of the area thousands of years ahead.
222	1	Alexis Rockman	12	This mural was exhibited from April 2004–September 2004 at the Brooklyn Museum of Art.
223	1	Alexis Rockman	13	"Cincinnati's Contemporary Arts Center featured works by Rockman and Tony Matelli in the 2007 exhibition, ""Baroque Biology""."
224	1	Alexis Rockman	13	"In ""Romantic Attachments"", Rockman portrays, in an allegorical manner, a male ""Homo georgicus"" together with a female human in a romantic encounter."
225	1	Alexis Rockman	13	"The ""Homo georgicus"" dates from 1.8 million years ago, intermediate in the evolutionary timeline between ""Homo habilis"" and ""H. erectus""."
226	1	Alexis Rockman	13	"In ""Romantic Attachments"", Rockman references Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture ""Ecstasy of Saint Theresa"", depicting the torch-bearing male ""Homo georgicus"" in place of Bernini's spear-bearing male angel towering over a female, who in both Bernini's and Rockman's work is portrayed in a sexual manner."
227	1	Alexis Rockman	13	"Sculptor and paleoartist Viktor Deak created two reference models for Rockman of a male ""Homo georgicus""."
228	1	Alexis Rockman	14	"From November 2010 to May 8, 2011, ""Alexis Rockman: A Fable for Tomorrow"", was featured at the Smithsonian American Art Museum The exhibition, the first to survey Rockman's career, presented 47 paintings and works on paper by Rockman."
229	1	Alexis Rockman	14	"The title of the exhibition refers to the title of the first chapter of Rachel Carson's book ""Silent Spring""."
230	1	Alexis Rockman	14	"As of Autumn Quarter 2011, this exhibition is currently being hosted at the Wexner Center for the Arts at The Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, which previously hosted prints of ""Evolution"" and ""Manifest Destiny""."
231	1	Alexis Rockman	15	At an October 23 lecture at the College of the Holy Cross, Rockman discussed his involvement in the then upcoming Ang Lee film Life of Pi.
232	1	Alexis Rockman	15	"He completed several watercolor concept paintings and contributed to several visual sequences, including an underwater transition scene which he claims was inspired by the ""Star Gate"" sequence in Stanley Kubrick's 1968 film ."
233	1	Alexis Rockman	16	In his work, Rockman uses the language of natural history to examine our relationship to it as a culture.
234	1	Alexis Rockman	16	"He is influenced by the 19th century Hudson River School, and identifies his work as pop art, ""using natural history as his iconography""."
235	1	Alexis Rockman	16	Rockman has sometimes been associated with a New Gothic Art movement His work is also seen in pop art by using natural history as a motif.
236	1	Alexis Rockman	17	Hudson River School artists portrayed American landscapes, in a utopian way, as a haven for Europeans escaping oppression.
237	1	Alexis Rockman	17	Rockman turns this idea upside down, depicting apocalyptic scenes, while incorporating realism of the Hudson River School.
238	1	Alexis Rockman	17	"Influences include Albert Bierstadt's ""Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt."
239	1	Alexis Rockman	17	"Rosalie"", which depicts landscapes of the western United States before the culmination of Manifest Destiny when railroads linked the Pacific and Atlantic coasts."
240	1	Alexis Rockman	17	"Hudson River School artists Thomas Cole and Frederic Edwin Church also inspired Rockman, particularly Cole's painting ""The Course of Empire – Desolation""."
241	1	Alexis Rockman	18	Other early influences for Rockman included the artwork and dioramas featured at the American Museum of Natural History.
242	1	Alexis Rockman	18	He has also spent extensive time studying old field guides and other such material.
243	1	Alexis Rockman	19	Rockman is also influenced by film and animation, and has admiration for the work of various film designers, particularly the science fiction genre.
244	1	Alexis Rockman	19	"Rockman admires the work of Syd Mead, designer for the film ""Blade Runner"", fantasy art and science fiction illustrator Chesley Bonestell, and Jan Švankmajer; stop motion animators including Willis O'Brien, Ray Harryhausen, Brothers Quay; and various Eastern European avant-garde filmmakers."
245	1	Alexis Rockman	19	"Jonathan Crary, Columbia University professor, sees similarities between Rockman and artists Piero di Cosimo, Albrecht Altdorfer, Edward Hicks, Théodore Rousseau, Joan Miró (""The Ploughed Field"" or ""The Hunter""), and Yves Tanguy."
246	1	Alexis Rockman	19	Crary notes how Rockman combines imaginary and visionary portrayal in an allegorical manner with scientific basis, study of the natural world, and experimental hypothesis.
247	1	Alexis Rockman	20	"Rockman also drew inspiration from Chesley Bonestell's 1950 ""Collier's"" magazine illustration ""Atom Bombing of New York City"", which depicts Manhattan amidst destruction and a glowing orange aura of an atomic bomb."
248	1	Alexis Rockman	21	People that have influenced Rockman include Stephen Jay Gould, whom Rockman met and later wrote two essays about Rockman's work for the monograph published by Monacelli Press.
249	1	Alexis Rockman	21	Charles R. Knight has a special place in Rockman's development, as he almost single-handedly created the genre of reconstructions of extinct ecosystems.
250	1	Alexis Rockman	22	Some of Rockman's more recent works, including paintings featured in the 2008 Rose Art Museum exhibition, featured a more semi-abstract style than some of Rockman's earlier work that give traditional representation, creating some tension between the styles.
251	1	Alexis Rockman	22	"In reviewing Rockman's 2008 Rose Art Museum exhibition, ""The Weight of Air"", ""The Boston Globe"" art critic Sebastian Smee describes Rockman's work as exhibiting a clash of abstract and his earlier styles, producing ""a kind of distraction – a desire in the mind's eye to marry them that is continually frustrated,"" he though praised Rockman for taking on such subject matter."
252	1	Alexis Rockman	22	"While Smee found some of Rockman's work overly jarring with clashing styles, Smee praised other pieces, including ""Wind Regime"" (2007), describing it as a ""stunning painting""."
253	1	Carbon Trust	1	The Carbon Trust has a stated mission to accelerate the move to a sustainable, low carbon economy.
254	1	Carbon Trust	1	It was established in 2001 as a collaboration between government and business in the UK, and has since expanded to operate globally.
255	1	Carbon Trust	2	The Carbon Trust helps reduce carbon emissions and increase resource efficiency through providing specialist help, support and advice.
256	1	Carbon Trust	2	It has operations and projects across the globe, supporting companies and organisations wherever help is needed.
257	1	Carbon Trust	2	Office bases include London , Amsterdam, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Beijing, Pretoria, Mexico City and Singapore.
258	1	Carbon Trust	3	The Carbon Trust looks at current and future sustainability challenges and works with business and organisations to develop sustainable strategies to deliver savings.
259	1	Carbon Trust	4	The Carbon Trust provides voluntary carbon certification services and carbon labelling schemes – it verifies organisation and product carbon footprint data and provides marks of quality to organisations to demonstrate standards have been met.
260	1	Carbon Trust	5	The Carbon Trust works with governments, innovators and corporates with the aim of accelerating the commercialisation of low carbon technologies, and leads projects to deliver commercial partnerships and develop low carbon technologies.
261	1	Carbon Trust	5	It is particularly active in the areas of offshore wind, marine energy, fuel cell development and industrial energy efficiency.
262	1	Carbon Trust	5	One such project is the Offshore Wind Accelerator, which is aimed at reducing the cost of wind power through projects focused in the North Sea.
263	1	Carbon Trust	5	The Offshore Wind Accelerator is a partnership between industry and governments.
264	1	Carbon Trust	6	The Carbon Trust provides analysis on sustainability issues to help businesses, investors and policy makers with their roles in reducing carbon and saving energy.
265	1	Carbon Trust	6	It works with companies and governments across the world.
266	1	Carbon Trust	7	The Carbon Trust runs a series of environmental standards that certify measurement and reduction.
267	1	Carbon Trust	7	Currently these cover carbon, water and waste and have been awarded to hundreds of leading companies and organisations across the world.
268	1	Carbon Trust	8	In June 2008 the Carbon Trust introduced the Carbon Trust Carbon Standard to address what it describes as business greenwash.
269	1	Carbon Trust	8	The Carbon Trust Carbon Standard is only awarded to companies and organisations who measure and reduce their carbon emissions year on year.
270	1	Carbon Trust	8	Examples of organisations who have held the Carbon Standard include Sky, Aldi, Eurotunnel, Bupa, Pricewaterhousecoopers, Samsung Electronics, Angus Council, Capital & Regional, O2, RWE npower, Credit Suisse, Scottish Government and the UK DECC.
271	1	Carbon Trust	9	In February 2013 the Carbon Trust introduced the Carbon Trust Water Standard to recognise those companies reducing their water use year on year.
272	1	Carbon Trust	9	The first four companies to receive the Water Standard were Sainsbury's, Coca-Cola Enterprises Ltd, Sunlight Services Group, and Branston.
273	1	Carbon Trust	10	In July 2013 the Carbon Trust introduced the Carbon Trust Waste Standard.
274	1	Carbon Trust	10	In November 2013 the waste standard was awarded to the first wave of organisations, which included the Football Association, Renishaw plc, Whitbread, Pricewaterhousecoopers and AkzoNobel Decorative Paints.
275	1	Carbon Trust	10	These last three became the first in the world to gain the triple crown of reaching the carbon, water and waste standard.
276	1	Carbon Trust	11	In 2015 the Carbon Trust launched the Carbon Trust Supply Chain Standard to look at carbon footprints across the supply chain.
277	1	Carbon Trust	11	It is the world’s first independent certification for organisations that are measuring, managing and reducing greenhouse gas (CO2e) emissions in their supply chains.
278	1	Carbon Trust	11	The Carbon Trust helps companies to measure the carbon emissions associated with their products (embodied emissions) and also provides a label for these products carbon footprint.
279	1	Carbon Trust	11	Measuring the embodied emissions of products enables reductions to be identified and achieved across the supply chain.
280	1	Carbon Trust	11	The label demonstrates a commitment by the product owner to reduce that footprint every two years.
281	1	Carbon Trust	11	The Carbon Reduction Label was introduced in March 2007.
282	1	Carbon Trust	12	Examples of products that have featured their carbon footprint are Kingsmill bread, Quorn foods, Evian water, Silver Spoon sugar, Walkers crisps, a range of own brand products in Tesco supermarkets, Halifax (HBOS) bank accounts, Dyson airblades, Marshalls building products, Quaker oats, Lafarge cement, and Pompeian Olive Oil.
283	1	Carbon Trust	13	The standards behind carbon labelling are now formally recognised through the PAS 2050 developed by the Carbon Trust in conjunction with BSI and Defra.
284	1	Carbon Trust	13	This methodology is now gaining international acceptance following its launch in October 2008.
285	1	Carbon Trust	14	The Carbon Trust also supports the development and deployment of low carbon technologies and is actively engaged in the fuel cell, wave energy, wind energy, solar energy, biomass and biofuels sectors.
286	1	Carbon Trust	14	It has a particularly active role in the Offshore Wind sector through its Offshore Wind Accelerator programme.
287	1	Carbon Trust	15	The Carbon Trust is also involved in other finance schemes including interest-free loans for small and medium-sized enterprises available for energy-efficient equipment in Wales and a funding scheme for small business across Great Britain - the Green Business Fund.
288	1	Global temperature record	1	The global temperature record shows the fluctuations of the temperature of the atmosphere and the oceans through various spans of time.
289	1	Global temperature record	1	The most detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer-based records began.
290	1	Global temperature record	1	There are numerous estimates of temperatures since the end of the Pleistocene glaciation, particularly during the current Holocene epoch.
291	1	Global temperature record	1	Older time periods are studied by paleoclimatology.
292	1	Global temperature record	2	Weather balloon radiosonde measurements of atmospheric temperature at various altitudes begin to show an approximation of global coverage in the 1950s.
293	1	Global temperature record	2	Since December 1978, microwave sounding units on satellites have produced data which can be used to infer temperatures in the troposphere.
294	1	Global temperature record	3	Several groups have analyzed the satellite data to calculate temperature trends in the troposphere.
295	1	Global temperature record	3	Both the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) and the private, NASA funded, corporation Remote Sensing Systems RSS (RSS) find an upward trend.
296	1	Global temperature record	4	For the lower troposphere, UAH found a global average trend between 1978 and 2019 of 0.130 degrees Celsius per decade.
297	1	Global temperature record	4	RSS found a trend of 0.148 degrees Celsius per decade, to January 2011.
298	1	Global temperature record	5	In 2004 Fu et al.
299	1	Global temperature record	5	found trends of +0.19  degrees Celsius per decade when applied to the RSS dataset.
300	1	Global temperature record	5	Vinnikov and Grody found 0.20  degrees Celsius per decade up between 1978 and 2005, since which the dataset has not been updated.
301	1	Global temperature record	6	Detailed information exists since 1850, when methodical thermometer-based records began.
302	1	Global temperature record	7	Proxy measurements can be used to reconstruct the temperature record before the historical period.
303	1	Global temperature record	7	Quantities such as tree ring widths, coral growth, isotope variations in ice cores, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, fossils, ice cores, borehole temperatures, and glacier length records are correlated with climatic fluctuations.
304	1	Global temperature record	7	From these, proxy temperature reconstructions of the last 2000 years have been performed for the northern hemisphere, and over shorter time scales for the southern hemisphere and tropics.
305	1	Global temperature record	8	Geographic coverage by these proxies is necessarily sparse, and various proxies are more sensitive to faster fluctuations.
306	1	Global temperature record	8	For example, tree rings, ice cores, and corals generally show variation on an annual time scale, but borehole reconstructions rely on rates of thermal diffusion, and small scale fluctuations are washed out.
307	1	Global temperature record	8	Even the best proxy records contain far fewer observations than the worst periods of the observational record, and the spatial and temporal resolution of the resulting reconstructions is correspondingly coarse.
308	1	Global temperature record	8	Connecting the measured proxies to the variable of interest, such as temperature or rainfall, is highly non-trivial.
309	1	Global temperature record	8	Data sets from multiple complementary proxies covering overlapping time periods and areas are reconciled to produce the final reconstructions.
310	1	Global temperature record	9	Proxy reconstructions extending back 2,000 years have been performed, but reconstructions for the last 1,000 years are supported by more and higher quality independent data sets.
311	1	Global temperature record	9	These reconstructions indicate:
312	1	Global temperature record	10	As well as natural, numerical proxies (tree-ring widths, for example) there exist records from the human historical period that can be used to infer climate variations, including: reports of frost fairs on the Thames; records of good and bad harvests; dates of spring blossom or lambing; extraordinary falls of rain and snow; and unusual floods or droughts.
313	1	Global temperature record	10	Such records can be used to infer historical temperatures, but generally in a more qualitative manner than natural proxies.
314	1	Global temperature record	11	Recent evidence suggests that a sudden and short-lived climatic shift between 2200 and 2100 BCE occurred in the region between Tibet and Iceland, with some evidence suggesting a global change.
315	1	Global temperature record	11	The result was a cooling and reduction in precipitation.
316	1	Global temperature record	11	This is believed to be a primary cause of the collapse of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
317	1	Global temperature record	12	Many estimates of past temperatures have been made over Earth's history.
318	1	Global temperature record	12	The field of paleoclimatology includes ancient temperature records.
319	1	Global temperature record	12	As the present article is oriented toward recent temperatures, there is a focus here on events since the retreat of the Pleistocene glaciers.
320	1	Global temperature record	12	The 10,000 years of the Holocene epoch covers most of this period, since the end of the Northern Hemisphere's Younger Dryas millennium-long cooling.
321	1	Global temperature record	12	The Holocene Climatic Optimum was generally warmer than the 20th century, but numerous regional variations have been noted since the start of the Younger Dryas.
322	1	Global temperature record	13	Even longer term records exist for few sites: the recent Antarctic EPICA core reaches 800 kyr; many others reach more than 100,000 years.
323	1	Global temperature record	13	The EPICA core covers eight glacial/interglacial cycles.
324	1	Global temperature record	13	The NGRIP core from Greenland stretches back more than 100 kyr, with 5 kyr in the Eemian interglacial.
325	1	Global temperature record	13	Whilst the large-scale signals from the cores are clear, there are problems interpreting the detail, and connecting the isotopic variation to the temperature signal.
326	1	Global temperature record	14	On longer time scales, sediment cores show that the cycles of glacials and interglacials are part of a deepening phase within a prolonged ice age that began with the glaciation of Antarctica approximately 40 million years ago.
327	1	Global temperature record	14	This deepening phase, and the accompanying cycles, largely began approximately 3 million years ago with the growth of continental ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere.
328	1	Global temperature record	14	Gradual changes in Earth's climate of this kind have been frequent during the Earth's 4500 million year existence and most often are attributed to changes in the configuration of continents and ocean sea ways.
329	1	Myron Ebell	1	Myron Ebell is the Director of Global Warming and International Environmental Policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI), a libertarian advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.
330	1	Myron Ebell	1	"He is also the chairman of the Cooler Heads Coalition, a loose coalition formed in 1997 which presents itself as ""focused on dispelling the myths of global warming by exposing flawed economic, scientific, and risk analysis""."
331	1	Myron Ebell	2	In these organizations, Ebell has been central in promoting climate change denial, distributing his views to the media and politicians.
332	1	Myron Ebell	2	Ebell, who is not a scientist, has been described as a climate change skeptic, a climate contrarian and a climate change denier.
333	1	Myron Ebell	2	"Ebell claims that he advocates ""for sensible energy policies that benefit everyone."
334	1	Myron Ebell	2	Instead of policies that simply reacts [sic] to alarmism.
335	1	Myron Ebell	3	In September 2016, Ebell was appointed by then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump to lead his transition team for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
336	1	Myron Ebell	4	Ebell grew up on a cattle ranch at Baker City, Oregon, which was first homesteaded by the Ebells in the 1860s, and is still held by his relatives.
337	1	Myron Ebell	4	In 1971 he went to Colorado College, where he majored in philosophy and then obtained a master's degree in political theory from the London School of Economics.
338	1	Myron Ebell	4	Ebell undertook further postgraduate research at the University of California at San Diego and at Cambridge University before returning to the United States where he worked in a succession of public-policy jobs in Washington.
339	1	Myron Ebell	5	Around 1988 he bought a house in Prince George's County, Maryland.
340	1	Myron Ebell	5	He worked as assistant to the chairman of the National Taxpayers Union, and by 1990 he was a lobbyist representing the National Inholders Association, campaigning against federal policies which restricted property owners in U.S. national parks and national forests.
341	1	Myron Ebell	5	He worked for this organisation, which was renamed the American Land Rights Association (ALRA), on such policy topics as tobacco regulation and endangered species.
342	1	Myron Ebell	5	In 1995 he sent a nine-page memo to staff at the United States House Committee on Natural Resources opposing Newt Gingrich's proposals to reform the Endangered Species Act (ESA).
343	1	Myron Ebell	5	"Ebell wrote that Gingrich's ""soft feelings for cuddly little critters is still going to be a big problem"", and ""We are going to need to get some of the freshmen and women to work on him."
344	1	Myron Ebell	5	Ebell became a senior legislative assistant to Republican Representative John Shadegg and advocated the elimination of federal conservation regulations, leaving protection of the environment in the hands of state and local officials.
345	1	Myron Ebell	6	In December 1995, he was hired as policy director of Senator Malcolm Wallop's recently founded Frontiers of Freedom Institute.
346	1	Myron Ebell	6	"Wallop described Ebell as having ""a broad background in public policy with a concentration on land use, environmental and tax policy."
347	1	Myron Ebell	6	"He is widely considered the key staff member responsible for and author of the ""Shandegg"" bill reform of the ESA."
348	1	Myron Ebell	6	Frontiers of Freedom promoted property rights and criticized environmental regulations such as the Endangered Species Act.
349	1	Myron Ebell	7	"In the 1990s, while serving as Policy Director at the Frontiers of Freedom Institute, Ebell worked as part of a team to make regulating the tobacco industry ""politically unpalatable""."
350	1	Myron Ebell	7	"In 2011, as part of its ""Control Abuse of Power"" (CAP) project, the CEI launched lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of the 1998 tobacco Master Settlement Agreement (MSA)."
351	1	Myron Ebell	8	"At a meeting on April 3, 1998, Ebell was one of 12 public relations experts and think-tank representatives who produced what they called their ""Global Climate Science Communications"" plan, with the aim of persuading ""a majority of the American public"" that ""significant uncertainties exist in climate science"", intending to convince the public and policymakers that the science was faulty and could be ignored."
352	1	Myron Ebell	8	ExxonMobil, the coal utility Southern Company and the American Petroleum Institute were represented at the meeting, and there were proposals for industry funding.
353	1	Myron Ebell	8	"Ebell has been referred to as a ""public-policy wonk—not, he hastens to clarify, a lobbyist for the energy industry, as many of his fellow skeptics are, or a scientist whose research is underwritten by the energy industry, or a politician who takes contributions from the energy industry."
354	1	Myron Ebell	9	After this meeting, ExxonMobil, even though aware as early as 1981 that fossil fuels affected climate change, began funding Frontiers of Freedom, where Ebell was a staff member.
355	1	Myron Ebell	9	In 1999 Ebell transferred to the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI), and from 1998 to 2005 ExxonMobil provided CEI with over $2 million of funding.
356	1	Myron Ebell	9	"On October 27, 2006, Democratic senator Jay Rockefeller and Republican senator Olympia Snowe sent a joint bipartisan letter to Rex Tillerson, the new CEO of ExxonMobil, about its funding of various groups, stating ""We fervently hope that reports that ExxonMobil intends to end its funding of the climate change denial campaign of the Competitive Enterprise Institute are true."
357	1	Myron Ebell	9	"In 2007, Ebell said funding had no relevance as ""We're not beholden to our donors, because we don't say, 'If you give us this money, we'll do this project',"" and said ""I can't even quite tell you who supports us on global warming""."
358	1	Myron Ebell	9	At that time, CEI had funding from the American Petroleum Institute, the Dow Chemical Company, Eli Lilly and Company, and William A. Dunn of Dunn Capital Management.
359	1	Myron Ebell	9	During an August 2015 discussion on C-SPAN, Ebell did not dispute the statement by Jeremy Symons of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) that CEI received funds from the Murray Energy Corporation coal mining group.
360	1	Myron Ebell	9	Ebell responded that his group's total budget of about $6 million was far smaller than that of EDF.
361	1	Myron Ebell	10	"Ebell has falsely claimed that ""the rate of warming according to the data is much slower than the models used by the IPCC."
362	1	Myron Ebell	10	Climate scientists note that past climate models have accurately predicted subsequent rates of global warming.
363	1	Myron Ebell	11	Ebell has opposed the Clean Power Plan developed by the Environmental Protection Agency.
364	1	Myron Ebell	11	The plan entailed far-reaching regulations that seek to reduce carbon emissions from electricity generation especially by coal-burning power plants.
365	1	Myron Ebell	11	The plan has been tied up in legal proceedings since it was finalized in 2015; Ebell argues that the plan is harmful to the economy and illegal.
366	1	Myron Ebell	12	"In September 2016, the ""Washington Times"" quoted Ebell as saying ""Congress should prohibit any funding for the Paris Climate Agreement, the Green Climate Fund, and the underlying UN Framework Convention on Climate Change."
367	1	Myron Ebell	13	The first National Climate Assessment was prepared over several years.
368	1	Myron Ebell	13	"ExxonMobil did not participate in public consultations, but on August 10, 2000, ran an advertisement in the ""Washington Post"" raising various objections to a draft."
369	1	Myron Ebell	13	The report was delivered to Congress in November 2000.
370	1	Myron Ebell	13	The incoming George W. Bush administration appointed moderate Republican Christine Todd Whitman as chair of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and American Petroleum Institute lobbyist Philip Cooney as chief of staff of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).
371	1	Myron Ebell	13	During the campaign, Bush had promised to cap carbon dioxide emissions.
372	1	Myron Ebell	13	Shortly after the inauguration Ebell heard a rumor that Bush was going to repeat the pledge in a speech.
373	1	Myron Ebell	13	"Ebell contacted Robert Novak who was due to interview Whitman, and Novak questioned her on CNN's ""Crossfire""."
374	1	Myron Ebell	13	It became a hot topic, and CEI circulated it to anyone with influence.
375	1	Myron Ebell	13	Bush dropped the pledge, and in March withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol.
376	1	Myron Ebell	14	"In line with the ""Global Climate Science Communications"" plan to manufacture uncertainty, Cooney edited the EPA's 2002 US Climate Action Report before sending it to the UN in May, but on June 3, 2002, the ""New York Times"" headlined its story ""U.S. Sees Problems In Climate Change"", saying in a ""stark shift"" the administration ""for the first time mostly blames human actions for recent global warming""."
377	1	Myron Ebell	14	"That same day, Cooney contacted Ebell, who emailed back ""I know you're in crisis mode"", and advised ""what we can do is limited until there is an official statement from the administration repudiating the report""."
378	1	Myron Ebell	14	"On June 4 Bush dismissed the report as something ""put out by the bureaucracy"", and said policy was unchanged."
379	1	Myron Ebell	14	"Ebell had said in his email that ""the folks at EPA are the obvious fall guys"", to be tackled ""high up as possible""."
380	1	Myron Ebell	14	"He had already given several interviews ""blaming EPA for freelancing"", and ""Perhaps tomorrow we will call for Whitman to be fired."
381	1	Myron Ebell	14	She eventually resigned the EPA chair in May 2003.
382	1	Myron Ebell	15	"The recently introduced Data Quality Act had already been used by industry to suppress scientific information, and on August 6, 2003, the CEI sued the Bush administration's Office of Science and Technology Policy under the Act, demanding that it should invalidate the National Assessment as allegedly inaccurate, biased and not based on ""sound science"", and should also invalidate the Climate Action Report which was based on the Assessment."
383	1	Myron Ebell	15	The attorneys general of Maine and Connecticut obtained documents including Ebell's June 2002 email through a Freedom of Information Act request.
384	1	Myron Ebell	15	"On August 11, they asked the U.S. Justice Department under John Ashcroft to investigate – Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal said the email ""indicates a secret initiative by the administration to invite and orchestrate a lawsuit against itself to discredit an official United States government report on global warming dangers"", which could be improper and possibly illegal; G. Steven Rowe as attorney general of Maine said ""The idea that the Bush administration may have invited a lawsuit from a special interest group in order to undermine the federal government's own work under an international treaty is very troubling."
385	1	Myron Ebell	15	"On 24 August, Senator Joe Lieberman wrote to the White House expressing hope that the lawsuit was ""not the result of a collusive plan conceived by the CEI in concert with the Administration, itself."
386	1	Myron Ebell	15	It would be wrong in any circumstances to reject the well founded findings of the [Climate Action Report], but for the Administration to use an outside group to pursue such an ill-conceived goal would be doubly wrong, and could also be abuse of the courts at the expense of the taxpayers.
387	1	Myron Ebell	15	Ashcroft turned down the request for an investigation.
388	1	Myron Ebell	15	On November 4, 2003, the CEI's lawsuit was dismissed by the court, with prejudice so that it could not be re-filed.
389	1	Myron Ebell	16	Ebell has been given extensive media coverage, frequently cited or interviewed by journalists in a way that presents a false balance by giving Ebell's lay views equal weight with those of expert climatologists, and thus misrepresents the consensus of scientific opinion on climate change.
390	1	Myron Ebell	16	"A study of false equivalence in the media used as an example the Scripps Howard media company ""incredibly"" giving equal space to Ebell's comments that reports of recent warming from the World Meteorological Organisation and the National Climatic Data Center were unsurprising because of the Little Ice Age, so ""it isn’t much to worry about"", and of a ""Science"" paper by Thomas R. Karl and Kevin Trenberth that ""the Karl-Trenberth analysis is nothing new — it's just kind of a summary of what the establishment thinks is true""."
391	1	Myron Ebell	17	"In an interview on BBC Radio 4 in 2005, Ebell said that the UK's Chief Scientist David King was ""an alarmist with ridiculous views who knows nothing about climate change""."
392	1	Myron Ebell	17	"An early day motion deploring ""in the strongest possible terms"" Ebell's ""unfounded and insulting criticism"" was raised in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, and was signed by 66 Members of Parliament."
393	1	Myron Ebell	18	"In 2006, CEI arranged a public-service television commercial about carbon dioxide with the slogan ""They call it pollution; we call it life."
394	1	Myron Ebell	18	"Also in 2006, Ebell wrote an article in ""Forbes"" titled ""Love Global Warming""."
395	1	Myron Ebell	18	"In the article, Ebell wrote, ""More people die from blizzards and cold spells than from heat waves."
396	1	Myron Ebell	18	Increased death rates usually persist for weeks after the unusually cold temperatures have passed, which suggests that the cold is killing people who would otherwise live into another season at least.
397	1	Myron Ebell	18	Mortality rates during heat waves are just the reverse.
398	1	Myron Ebell	18	The increase ends and often the rate drops below normal as soon as temperatures cool, which suggests that the higher temperatures are killing people who are likely to die soon anyway.
399	1	Myron Ebell	19	"In a 2007 discussion with Michael Shnayerson, Ebell criticized James Hansen's writings on climatic effects on animals by saying ""James Hansen was not trained as a climate scientist"", instead ""He was trained as an astronomer."
400	1	Myron Ebell	19	"He's a physicist"" and ""you know from him talking about species' going north, he knows nothing about biology."
401	1	Myron Ebell	19	"Ebell similarly argued that Robert Corell ""is not a climate scientist"" and ""not an Arctic expert""; Corell told Shnayerson that his Arctic research visits began in 1968."
402	1	Myron Ebell	19	"Ebell has no scientific training, and told Shnayerson that, when asked about scientific topics in interviews, he would say ""I'm not a climate scientist."
403	1	Myron Ebell	19	"I'm just giving you the informed layman's perspective""."
404	1	Myron Ebell	19	"His view is that ""If science is going to be discussed in the public arena, then shouldn't people other than scientists be allowed to participate?"
405	1	Myron Ebell	19	Isn't that what a representative democracy is?
406	1	Myron Ebell	20	"Through CEI, Ebell has stated his belief that global warming is a hoax, that most of the data predicting climate change is false, and that the scientific consensus was ""phony""."
407	1	Myron Ebell	21	In 2009 a Climatic Research Unit computer server at the University of East Anglia was hacked and thousands of emails and computer files were uploaded to a Russian server.
408	1	Myron Ebell	21	"Ebell said the hacked emails ""make it clear that the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an organized conspiracy dedicated to tricking the world into believing that global warming is a crisis that requires a drastic response."
409	1	Myron Ebell	22	"Ebell has stated that environmentalists believe ""humans are evil, the use of human power is always bad; everything we do to nature is bad."
410	1	Myron Ebell	22	"Ebell views forced energy conservation as an infringement on American rights; he has stated: ""Energy is fundamental to mobility, to comfort."
411	1	Myron Ebell	22	When you start limiting people's access to energy, you limit their ability to live the way they want, to make choices.
412	1	Myron Ebell	23	"Ebell compared his efforts and those of his colleagues to a ""David versus Goliath struggle"" against ""corrupt environmentalism and big government"", and has said that the ""environmental movement is not an objective, well-intentioned movement that cares about saving the planet"", but one which emerged from the New Left, and which always proposes the same solutions regardless of the issue: lower material standards of living, more government control, and more power for the technocratic elite."
413	1	Myron Ebell	24	In opposing a 2005 update, Ebell said that the Endangered Species Act unfairly infringes on land owners' property rights, as well as undermining the protection of rare species by encouraging land owners to make their property inhospitable to such species in order to escape regulation.
414	1	Myron Ebell	24	"Ebell stated in an interview that the CEI is ""adamantly opposed"" to the Endangered Species Act, and that they are working on it in a limited way now because they could not attract funding."
415	1	Myron Ebell	25	In September 2016, Ebell was appointed by then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump to lead his transition team for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
416	1	Myron Ebell	25	As of January 27, 2017, he was described as the former head of the transition team.
417	1	Myron Ebell	26	Ebell resides in a suburb of Washington, D.C. with his wife and four children.
418	1	Sustainable forest management	1	Sustainable forest management is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development.
419	1	Sustainable forest management	1	Sustainable forest management has to keep the balance between three main pillars: ecological, economic and socio-cultural.
420	1	Sustainable forest management	1	Successfully achieving sustainable forest management will provide integrated benefits to all, ranging from safeguarding local livelihoods to protecting the biodiversity and ecosystems provided by forests, reducing rural poverty and mitigating some of the effects of climate change.
421	1	Sustainable forest management	2	"The ""Forest Principles"" adopted at The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 captured the general international understanding of sustainable forest management at that time."
422	1	Sustainable forest management	2	A number of sets of criteria and indicators have since been developed to evaluate the achievement of SFM at the global, regional, country and management unit level.
423	1	Sustainable forest management	2	These were all attempts to codify and provide for independent assessment of the degree to which the broader objectives of sustainable forest management are being achieved in practice.
424	1	Sustainable forest management	2	In 2007, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests.
425	1	Sustainable forest management	2	The instrument was the first of its kind, and reflected the strong international commitment to promote implementation of sustainable forest management through a new approach that brings all stakeholders together.
426	1	Sustainable forest management	3	A definition of SFM was developed by the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe (FOREST EUROPE), and has since been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
427	1	Sustainable forest management	3	It defines sustainable forest management as:
428	1	Sustainable forest management	4	The stewardship and use of forests and forest lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfill, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national, and global levels, and that does not cause damage to other ecosystems.
429	1	Sustainable forest management	5	In simpler terms, the concept can be described as the attainment of balance – balance between society's increasing demands for forest products and benefits, and the preservation of forest health and diversity.
430	1	Sustainable forest management	5	This balance is critical to the survival of forests, and to the prosperity of forest-dependent communities.
431	1	Sustainable forest management	6	For forest managers, sustainably managing a particular forest tract means determining, in a tangible way, how to use it today to ensure similar benefits, health and productivity in the future.
432	1	Sustainable forest management	6	Forest managers must assess and integrate a wide array of sometimes conflicting factors – commercial and non-commercial values, environmental considerations, community needs, even global impact – to produce sound forest plans.
433	1	Sustainable forest management	6	In most cases, forest managers develop their forest plans in consultation with citizens, businesses, organizations and other interested parties in and around the forest tract being managed.
434	1	Sustainable forest management	6	The tools and visualization have been recently evolving for better management practices.
435	1	Sustainable forest management	7	The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, at the request of Member States, developed and launched the Sustainable Forest Management Toolbox in 2014, an online collection of tools, best practices and examples of their application to support countries implementing sustainable forest management.
436	1	Sustainable forest management	8	Because forests and societies are in constant flux, the desired outcome of sustainable forest management is not a fixed one.
437	1	Sustainable forest management	8	What constitutes a sustainably managed forest will change over time as values held by the public change.
438	1	Sustainable forest management	9	Criteria and indicators are tools which can be used to conceptualise, evaluate and implement sustainable forest management.
439	1	Sustainable forest management	9	Criteria define and characterize the essential elements, as well as a set of conditions or processes, by which sustainable forest management may be assessed.
440	1	Sustainable forest management	9	Periodically measured indicators reveal the direction of change with respect to each criterion.
441	1	Sustainable forest management	10	Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management are widely used and many countries produce national reports that assess their progress toward sustainable forest management.
442	1	Sustainable forest management	10	There are nine international and regional criteria and indicators initiatives, which collectively involve more than 150 countries.
443	1	Sustainable forest management	10	Three of the more advanced initiatives are those of the Working Group on Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (also called the Montréal Process), Forest Europe, and the International Tropical Timber Organization.
444	1	Sustainable forest management	10	Countries who are members of the same initiative usually agree to produce reports at the same time and using the same indicators.
445	1	Sustainable forest management	10	Within countries, at the management unit level, efforts have also been directed at developing local level criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management.
446	1	Sustainable forest management	10	The Center for International Forestry Research, the International Model Forest Network and researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a number of tools and techniques to help forest-dependent communities develop their own local level criteria and indicators.
447	1	Sustainable forest management	10	Criteria and Indicators also form the basis of third-party forest certification programs such as the Canadian Standards Association's Sustainable Forest Management Standards and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative Standard.
448	1	Sustainable forest management	11	There appears to be growing international consensus on the key elements of sustainable forest management.
449	1	Sustainable forest management	11	Seven common thematic areas of sustainable forest management have emerged based on the criteria of the nine ongoing regional and international criteria and indicators initiatives.
450	1	Sustainable forest management	11	The seven thematic areas are:
451	1	Sustainable forest management	13	This consensus on common thematic areas (or criteria) effectively provides a common, implicit definition of sustainable forest management.
452	1	Sustainable forest management	13	The seven thematic areas were acknowledged by the international forest community at the fourth session of the United Nations Forum on Forests and the 16th session of the Committee on Forestry.
453	1	Sustainable forest management	13	These thematic areas have since been enshrined in the Non-Legally Binding Instrument on All Types of Forests as a reference framework for sustainable forest management to help achieve the purpose of the instrument.
454	1	Sustainable forest management	14	On January 5, 2012, the Montréal Process, Forest Europe, the International Tropical Timber Organization, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, acknowledging the seven thematic areas, endorsed a joint statement of collaboration to improve global forest related data collection and reporting and avoiding the proliferation of monitoring requirements and associated reporting burdens.
455	1	Sustainable forest management	15	The Ecosystem Approach has been prominent on the agenda of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) since 1995 .
456	1	Sustainable forest management	15	The CBD definition of the Ecosystem Approach and a set of principles for its application were developed at an expert meeting in Malawi in 1995, known as the Malawi Principles.
457	1	Sustainable forest management	15	"The definition, 12 principles and 5 points of ""operational guidance"" were adopted by the fifth Conference of Parties (COP5) in 2000."
458	1	Sustainable forest management	15	The CBD definition is as follows
459	1	Sustainable forest management	16	The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.
460	1	Sustainable forest management	16	Application of the ecosystem approach will help to reach a balance of the three objectives of the Convention.
461	1	Sustainable forest management	16	An ecosystem approach is based on the application of appropriate scientific methodologies focused on levels of biological organization, which encompasses the essential structures, processes, functions and interactions among organisms and their environment.
462	1	Sustainable forest management	16	It recognizes that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of many ecosystems.
463	1	Sustainable forest management	17	Sustainable forest management was recognized by parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in 2004 (Decision VII/11 of COP7) to be a concrete means of applying the Ecosystem Approach to forest ecosystems.
464	1	Sustainable forest management	17	The two concepts, sustainable forest management and the ecosystem approach, aim at promoting conservation and management practices which are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and which generate and maintain benefits for both present and future generations.
465	1	Sustainable forest management	17	In Europe, the MCPFE and the Council for the Pan-European Biological and Landscape Diversity Strategy (PEBLDS) jointly recognized sustainable forest management to be consistent with the Ecosystem Approach in 2006.
466	1	Sustainable forest management	18	Growing environmental awareness and consumer demand for more socially responsible businesses helped third-party forest certification emerge in the 1990s as a credible tool for communicating the environmental and social performance of forest operations.
467	1	Sustainable forest management	19	There are many potential users of certification, including: forest managers, scientists, policy makers, investors, environmental advocates, business consumers of wood and paper, and individuals.
468	1	Sustainable forest management	20	With third-party forest certification, an independent organization develops standards of good forest management, and independent auditors issue certificates to forest operations that comply with those standards.
469	1	Sustainable forest management	20	Forest certification verifies that forests are well-managed – as defined by a particular standard – and chain-of-custody certification tracks wood and paper products from the certified forest through processing to the point of sale.
470	1	Sustainable forest management	21	This rise of certification led to the emergence of several different systems throughout the world.
471	1	Sustainable forest management	21	As a result, there is no single accepted forest management standard worldwide, and each system takes a somewhat different approach in defining standards for sustainable forest management.
472	1	Sustainable forest management	22	"In its 2009–2010 Forest Products Annual Market Review United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/Food and Agriculture Organization stated: ""Over the years, many of the issues that previously divided the (certification) systems have become much less distinct."
473	1	Sustainable forest management	22	The largest certification systems now generally have the same structural programmatic requirements.
474	1	Sustainable forest management	23	Third-party forest certification is an important tool for those seeking to ensure that the paper and wood products they purchase and use come from forests that are well-managed and legally harvested.
475	1	Sustainable forest management	23	Incorporating third-party certification into forest product procurement practices can be a centerpiece for comprehensive wood and paper policies that include factors such as the protection of sensitive forest values, thoughtful material selection and efficient use of products.
476	1	Sustainable forest management	24	There are more than fifty certification standards worldwide, addressing the diversity of forest types and tenures.
477	1	Sustainable forest management	24	Globally, the two largest umbrella certification programs are:
478	1	Sustainable forest management	25	The area of forest certified worldwide is growing slowly.
479	1	Sustainable forest management	25	PEFC is the world's largest forest certification system, with more than two-thirds of the total global certified area certified to its Sustainability Benchmarks.
480	1	Sustainable forest management	26	In North America, there are three certification standards endorsed by PEFC – the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, the Canadian Standards Association's Sustainable Forest Management Standard, and the American Tree Farm System.
481	1	Sustainable forest management	26	FSC has five standards in North America – one in the United States and four in Canada.
482	1	Sustainable forest management	27	While certification is intended as a tool to enhance forest management practices throughout the world, to date most certified forestry operations are located in Europe and North America.
483	1	Sustainable forest management	27	A significant barrier for many forest managers in developing countries is that they lack the capacity to undergo a certification audit and maintain operations to a certification standard.
484	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Although a majority of forests continue to be owned formally by government, the effectiveness of forest governance is increasingly independent of formal ownership.
485	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Since neo-liberal ideology in the 1980s and the emanation of the climate change challenges, evidence that the state is failing to effectively manage environmental resources has emerged.
486	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Under neo-liberal regimes in the developing countries, the role of the state has diminished and the market forces have increasingly taken over the dominant socio-economic role.
487	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Though the critiques of neo-liberal policies have maintained that market forces are not only inappropriate for sustaining the environment, but are in fact a major cause of environmental destruction.
488	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Hardin's tragedy of the commons (1968) has shown that the people cannot be left to do as they wish with land or environmental resources.
489	1	Sustainable forest management	28	Thus, decentralization of management offers an alternative solution to forest governance.
490	1	Sustainable forest management	29	The shifting of natural resource management responsibilities from central to state and local governments, where this is occurring, is usually a part of broader decentralization process.
491	1	Sustainable forest management	29	According to Rondinelli and Cheema (1983), there are four distinct decentralization options: these are: (i) Privatization – the transfer of authority from the central government to non-governmental sectors otherwise known as market-based service provision, (ii) Delegation – centrally nominated local authority, (iii) Devolution – transfer of power to locally acceptable authority and (iv) Deconcentration – the redistribution of authority from the central government to field delegations of the central government.
492	1	Sustainable forest management	29	The major key to effective decentralization is increased broad-based participation in local-public decision making.
493	1	Sustainable forest management	29	In 2000, the World Bank report reveals that local government knows the needs and desires of their constituents better than the national government, while at the same time, it is easier to hold local leaders accountable.
494	1	Sustainable forest management	29	From the study of West African tropical forest, it is argued that the downwardly accountable and/or representative authorities with meaningful discretional powers are the basic institutional element of decentralization that should lead to efficiency, development and equity.
495	1	Sustainable forest management	29	"This collaborates with the World Bank report in 2000 which says that decentralization should improve resource allocation, efficiency, accountability and equity ""by linking the cost and benefit of local services more closely""."
496	1	Sustainable forest management	30	Many reasons point to the advocacy of decentralization of forest.
497	1	Sustainable forest management	30	(i) Integrated rural development projects often fail because they are top-down projects that did not take local people's needs and desires into account.
498	1	Sustainable forest management	30	(ii) National government sometimes have legal authority over vast forest areas that they cannot control, thus, many protected area projects result in increased biodiversity loss and greater social conflict.
499	1	Sustainable forest management	30	"Within the sphere of forest management, as state earlier, the most effective option of decentralization is ""devolution""-the transfer of power to locally accountable authority."
500	1	Sustainable forest management	30	However, apprehension about local governments is not unfounded.
501	1	Sustainable forest management	30	They are often short of resources, may be staffed by people with low education and are sometimes captured by local elites who promote clientelist relation rather than democratic participation.
502	1	Sustainable forest management	30	Enters and Anderson (1999) point that the result of community-based projects intended to reverse the problems of past central approaches to conservation and development have also been discouraging.
503	1	Sustainable forest management	31	Broadly speaking, the goal of forest conservation has historically not been met when, in contrast with land use changes; driven by demand for food, fuel and profit.
504	1	Sustainable forest management	31	It is necessary to recognize and advocate for better forest governance more strongly given the importance of forest in meeting basic human needs in the future and maintaining ecosystem and biodiversity as well as addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation goal.
505	1	Sustainable forest management	31	"Such advocacy must be coupled with financial incentives for government of developing countries and greater governance role for local government, civil society, private sector and NGOs on behalf of the ""communities""."
506	1	Sustainable forest management	32	The development of National Forest Funds is one way to address the issue of financing sustainable forest management.
507	1	Sustainable forest management	32	National forest funds (NFFs) are dedicated financing mechanisms managed by public institutions designed to support the conservation and sustainable use of forest resources.
508	1	Sustainable forest management	32	As of 2014, there are 70 NFFs operating globally.
509	1	Sustainable forest management	33	Appropriate use and long-term conservation of forest genetic resources (FGR) is a part of sustainable forest management.
510	1	Sustainable forest management	33	In particular when it comes to the adaptation of forests and forest management to climate change.
511	1	Sustainable forest management	33	Genetic diversity ensures that forest trees can survive, adapt and evolve under changing environmental conditions.
512	1	Sustainable forest management	33	Genetic diversity in forests also contributes to tree vitality and to the resilience towards pests and diseases.
513	1	Sustainable forest management	33	Furthermore, FGR has a crucial role in maintaining forest biological diversity at both species and ecosystem levels.
514	1	Sustainable forest management	34	Selecting carefully the forest reproductive material with emphasis on getting a high genetic diversity rather than aiming at producing a uniform stand of trees, is essential for sustainable use of FGR.
515	1	Sustainable forest management	34	Considering the provenance is crucial as well.
516	1	Sustainable forest management	34	For example in relation to climate change, local material may not have the genetic diversity or phenotypic plasticity to guarantee good performance under changed conditions.
517	1	Sustainable forest management	34	A different population from further away, which may have experienced selection under conditions more like those forecast for the site to be reforested, might represent a more suitable seed source.
518	1	Sustainable forest management	35	In 2019 after severe wildfires and public pressure the Russian government decided to take a number of measures for more effective forest management, what is considered as a big victory for the Environmental movement
519	1	Sustainable forest management	36	In August 2019, a court in Indonesia stopped the construction of a dam that could heavily heart forests and villagers in the area
520	1	Sustainable forest management	41	Reports are in English unless otherwise noted
521	1	World Nuclear Association	1	The World Nuclear Association (WNA) is the international organization that promotes nuclear power and supports the companies that comprise the global nuclear industry.
522	1	World Nuclear Association	1	Its members come from all parts of the nuclear fuel cycle, including uranium mining, uranium conversion, uranium enrichment, nuclear fuel fabrication, plant manufacture, transport, and the disposition of used nuclear fuel as well as electricity generation itself.
523	1	World Nuclear Association	2	Together, WNA members are responsible for 70% of the world's nuclear power as well as the vast majority of world uranium, conversion and enrichment production.
524	1	World Nuclear Association	3	The WNA says it aims to fulfill a dual role for its members: Facilitating their interaction on technical, commercial and policy matters and promoting wider public understanding of nuclear technology.
525	1	World Nuclear Association	3	It has a secretariat of around 35 staff.
526	1	World Nuclear Association	4	The WNA was founded in 2001 on the basis of the Uranium Institute, itself founded in 1975.
527	1	World Nuclear Association	5	The WNA continues to expand its membership, particularly in non-OECD countries where nuclear power is produced or where this option is under active consideration.
528	1	World Nuclear Association	5	WNA members are located in 35 countries representing 80% of the world's population.
529	1	World Nuclear Association	6	The annual subscription fee for an institutional member is based on its size and scale of activity.
530	1	World Nuclear Association	6	Upon receiving an inquiry or application, WNA's London-based secretariat determines the fee according to standard criteria and informs the candidate organisation accordingly.
531	1	World Nuclear Association	6	The fee structure provides, in many cases, for significant discounts for organisations located in countries outside the OECD.
532	1	World Nuclear Association	7	A low-fee non-commercial membership is available for organisations with a solely academic, research, policy or regulatory function.
533	1	World Nuclear Association	8	A list of current members is published on the WNA website.
534	1	World Nuclear Association	9	The WNA has established a Charter of Ethics to serve as a common credo amongst its member organizations.
535	1	World Nuclear Association	9	This affirmation of values and principles is intended to summarize the responsibilities of the nuclear industry and the surrounding legal and institutional framework that has been constructed through international cooperation to fulfill U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's vision of 'Atoms for Peace'.
536	1	World Nuclear Association	10	WNA members appoint a Director General and elect a 20-member board of management.
537	1	World Nuclear Association	10	The current Director General is Agneta Rising.
538	1	World Nuclear Association	10	The Chairman of the board is Kirill Komarov First Deputy Director General at Rosatom.
539	1	World Nuclear Association	10	Vice chairman is Philippe Knoche CEO at Orano.
540	1	World Nuclear Association	10	A board of management fulfils statutory duties pertaining to the organization's governance and sets WNA policies and strategic objectives, subject to approval by the full membership.
541	1	World Nuclear Association	11	An essential role of the World Nuclear Association is to facilitate commercially valuable interaction among its members.
542	1	World Nuclear Association	12	Ongoing WNA working groups, consisting of members and supported by the secretariat, share information and develop analysis on a range of technical, trade and environmental matters.
543	1	World Nuclear Association	12	These subjects include:
544	1	World Nuclear Association	13	...When meeting to discuss industry issues, WNA members are cautioned to avoid any topic that could potentially create even the impression of an attempt to set prices or engage in other anti-competitive behaviour.
545	1	World Nuclear Association	13	Accordingly, topics not discussed in WNA meetings include terms of specific contracts; current or projected prices for products or services; allocation of markets; refusals to deal with particular suppliers or customers; or any similar matters that might impair competition within any segment of the nuclear industry.
546	1	World Nuclear Association	14	The WNA's annual symposium in London provides a forum for members, spotlights the role of the WNA's worldwide affiliates and serves as a platform for speakers from throughout the world nuclear industry.
547	1	World Nuclear Association	14	WNA events are also held regularly in China and India.
548	1	World Nuclear Association	14	The WNA has previously presented an award for 'Distinguished Contribution to the Peaceful Worldwide Use of Nuclear Energy'.
549	1	World Nuclear Association	15	The WNA also cooperates with the Nuclear Energy Institute on annual World Nuclear Fuel Cycle meetings for industry representatives concerned with nuclear fuel supply and in particular the uranium market.
550	1	World Nuclear Association	16	The WNA represents the interests of the international nuclear industry at key international forums such as:
551	1	World Nuclear Association	17	In contrast to earlier less structured forms of industry representation the WNA claims to provide a unified voice from a single body; encompassing all manner of industry expertise and perspectives.
552	1	World Nuclear Association	17	It is clear and unreserved in its purpose of promoting the maximum feasible use of safe nuclear power.
553	1	World Nuclear Association	18	The WNA public website is intended to provide the best available non-technical source of information on the global nuclear industry.
554	1	World Nuclear Association	18	The site presents reference documents, and a wide range of educational and explanatory papers which are constantly updated.
555	1	World Nuclear Association	18	Australian nuclear power advocate Ian Hore-Lacy served as the organization’s Director of Public Information for 12 years, after working for six years at the now defunct Melbourne-based Uranium Information Centre.
556	1	World Nuclear Association	18	In the late 2000s, the information-disseminating role of the UIC was assumed by the WNA and WNN (World Nuclear News).
557	1	World Nuclear Association	19	The WNA supports World Nuclear News (WNN), an online news service intended to bring accurate and accessible information on developments in nuclear power to WNA's industry readers and the general public.
558	1	World Nuclear Association	19	Its output is free of charge and may be widely reproduced in accordance with WNN's copyright policy.
559	1	World Nuclear Association	20	The WNA reactor database contains information on past, present and future nuclear power reactors across the world.
560	1	World Nuclear Association	21	The WNA is engaged in a number of other initiatives to promote the peaceful development of nuclear power.
561	1	World Nuclear Association	21	These include the World Nuclear University (WNU), which is a global partnership between the WNA, the International Atomic Energy Agency, The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency and the World Association of Nuclear Operators committed to enhancing international education and leadership in the peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology.
562	1	World Nuclear Association	21	It runs a series of programmes designed to complement existing institutions of nuclear learning in their curriculum.
563	1	World Nuclear Association	21	The premier event on the WNU calendar is the Summer Institute, which runs each year in July and brings together speakers from industry and government to present on all aspects of nuclear power.
564	1	World Nuclear Association	21	It also runs five one-week courses per year with partner universities around the world intended to enhance knowledge of today’s nuclear industry among students.
565	1	World Nuclear Association	22	Women in Nuclear is a global not for profit organization with over 2000 members from some 60 countries.
566	1	World Nuclear Association	22	The organization was established in 1993 and is governed by an elected board and executive.
567	1	World Nuclear Association	22	The organization is sponsored under the auspices of the WNA and its objectives are identified as including the dissemination of factual information about nuclear and radiation technology, professional exchange among its members and promotion of career opportunities in the nuclear industry.
568	1	World Nuclear Association	22	Although open to both women and men, members are primarily women working in nuclear technology related industries including academia, uranium mining, nuclear power generation, regulatory agencies, nuclear medicine, related organizations such as the IAEA and government officials.
569	1	Flora of Australia (series)	1	The Flora of Australia is a 59 volume series describing the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories.
570	1	Flora of Australia (series)	1	The series is published by the Australian Biological Resources Study who estimate that the series when complete will describe over 20 000 plant species.
571	1	Flora of Australia (series)	2	Volume 1 of the series was published in 1981, a second extended edition was released in 1999.
572	1	Flora of Australia (series)	2	The series uses the Cronquist system of taxonomy.
573	1	Flora of Australia (series)	2	"The ABRS also published the ""Fungi of Australia"", the ""Algae of Australia"" and the ""Flora of Australia Supplementary Series""."
574	1	Flora of Australia (series)	2	"A new online ""Flora of Australia"" was launched by ABRS in 2017, and no more printed volumes will be published."
575	1	Flora of Australia (series)	3	A few censuses of the Australian flora have been carried out, they include
576	1	Michael Oppenheimer	1	Michael Oppenheimer (born February 28, 1946) is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University.
577	1	Michael Oppenheimer	1	He is the Director of the Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP) at the Woodrow Wilson School and Faculty Associate of the Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences Program, Princeton Environmental Institute, and the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies.
578	1	Michael Oppenheimer	2	Oppenheimer has taken a leading role in various environmental and science policy related activities, with regard to acid rain, and contributed to the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.
579	1	Michael Oppenheimer	2	With regard to climate change, he was a major author of the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report and a lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report.
580	1	Michael Oppenheimer	3	Oppenheimer is also a prominent public figure and has discussed the various aspects of global warming in the media.
581	1	Michael Oppenheimer	3	"He has been a guest on many television and radio programs and talk shows, including ""This Week"", ""Nightline"", ""Alcove"", ""The News Hour"", ""The Oprah Winfrey Show"", ""Charlie Rose"", ""ABC News"", and ""The Colbert Report""."
582	1	Michael Oppenheimer	3	Oppenheimer is the author of over 140 articles published in professional journals.
583	1	Michael Oppenheimer	4	"He is the author of ""Dead Heat: The Race Against The Greenhouse Effect"", written together with environmental activist Robert H. Boyle and published in 1990."
584	1	Michael Oppenheimer	4	Oppenheimer is co-founder of the Climate Action Network.
585	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	Oppenheimer (born February 28, 1946 in NYC) joined the Princeton faculty after more than two decades with The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), a non-governmental, environmental organization, where he served as chief scientist and manager of the Climate and Air Program.
586	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	Prior to his position at The Environmental Defense Fund, Dr. Oppenheimer served as Atomic and Molecular Astrophysicist at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Lecturer on Astronomy at Harvard University.
587	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	He received an S.B.
588	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	in chemistry from M.I.T., a Ph.D. in chemical physics from the University of Chicago, and pursued post-doctoral research at the Harvard–Smithsonian Center.
589	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	He continues to serve as a science advisor to EDF.
590	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	Oppenheimer has been a member of several panels of the National Academy of Sciences and is now a member of the National Academies' Board on Energy and Environmental Systems.
591	1	Michael Oppenheimer	5	He is also a winner of the 2010 Heinz Award with special focus on global change and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
592	1	Michael Oppenheimer	6	His interests include science and policy of the atmosphere, particularly climate change and its impacts.
593	1	Michael Oppenheimer	6	"Much of his research aims to understand the potential for ""dangerous"" outcomes of increasing levels of greenhouse gases by exploring the effects of global warming on ecosystems such as coral reefs, on the ice sheets and sea level, and on patterns of human migration."
594	1	Michael Oppenheimer	6	He has assessed linkages among climate change, crop yields and Mexico–US cross-border migration.
595	1	Michael Oppenheimer	6	Oppenheimer studies the process of scientific learning and scientific assessments and their role in influencing public policies to respond to global change.
596	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	Oppenheimer is a long-time participant in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007, serving recently as a lead author of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report and then as a coordinating lead author of the Fifth Assessment Report as well as a Special Report on climate extremes and disasters.
597	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	In the late 1980s, Dr. Oppenheimer and a handful of other scientists organized two workshops under the auspices of the United Nations that helped precipitate the negotiations that resulted in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (signed at the 1992 Earth Summit) and the Kyoto Protocol.
598	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	During that period, he co-founded the Climate Action Network.
599	1	Michael Oppenheimer	7	His research and advocacy work on acid rain also contributed to the passage of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act.
600	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	In 2007, he wrote about limitations of the IPCC consensus approach in Science Magazine.
601	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	"The current centralized assessment role of the IPCC allows for ""communication in a monolithic message"" but risks ""ossification and eventual irrelevance"" of the IPCC as an institution."
602	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	"According to him, the ""problem of creating, defending, and communicating consensus, as well as departures from the consensus"" had been discussed but not addressed until after the AR4."
603	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	Oppenheimer notes important recent major changes within the IPCC, including a stronger focus on uncertainty since the InterAcademy Panel IAC 2010 IPCC review and a focus upon risk management approaches based on fundamental conclusions in the AR4 Synthesis Report.
604	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	With regard to the IPCC double role as trying to communicate its results both to governments and to the general public, he sees the organization as not being entirely successful at either.
605	1	Michael Oppenheimer	8	The IPCC needs, according to Oppenheimer, to decide whether it intends to communicate with the general public at all.
606	1	Michael Oppenheimer	9	In 2011, together with Gary Yohe, he published an essay, with a scope on the uncertainties in the IPCC assessments regarding e.g.
607	1	Michael Oppenheimer	9	climate sensitivity and a potential collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and about the similarly important evolution of socio-political-economic systems.
608	1	Michael Oppenheimer	10	Together with Jessica O'Reilly and Naomi Oreskes, Oppenheimer discussed the case of the
609	1	Michael Oppenheimer	10	West Antarctic Ice Sheet assessment in IPCC reports in a Social Studies of Science paper in 2012.
610	1	Michael Oppenheimer	10	The possible disastrous outcome of a disintegration of the WAIS for global sea levels was assessed in the IPCC Third Assessment Report but was barely addressed in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report.
611	1	Michael Oppenheimer	10	"IPCC authors were less confident about predictions of WAIS disintegration not only due to new science results published since the Third Assessment, but also due to reasons of internal ""culture"", such as changes of IPCC chairpersons, authors' teams, and chapter organization, which makes it too difficult to project the range of possible futures for the WAIS as desired by governments."
612	1	Michael Oppenheimer	12	Overview of publications at Google Scholar
613	1	The Great Warming	1	The Great Warming is a 2006 documentary film directed by Michael Taylor.
614	1	The Great Warming	1	The film was hosted by Alanis Morissette and Keanu Reeves and even before its November 3, 2006 première helped establish an alliance between Democrats and Evangelicals trying to shake the administration out of its inertia on Climate change mitigation.
615	1	The Great Warming	1	It is also the anchor for a broad, pro-active coalition ranging from Friends of the Earth to Union of Concerned Scientists to Churches of Christ.
616	1	The Great Warming	2	Theatre giant Regal Cinemas released the film in its top 50 markets on the weekend of November 4 to November 5, 2006, which makes the launch three times larger than for any other film of its kind, and highlights the growing currency of the global warming issues in the mainstream.
617	1	The Great Warming	2	A special program was developed for faith communities, and the film was distributed to over 500 churches, synagogues and mosques across the US.
618	1	The Great Warming	3	"Featuring elements of the 2005 Public Broadcasting Service special ""Global Warming: the Signs and the Science, The Great Warming"" (produced by the same team), it talks to key researchers and reports on social justice and day-to-day impacts as well as emission statistics."
619	1	The Great Warming	3	It's also populated with everyday people from all over the United States and the planet who are feeling the brunt of global warming, and/or finding innovative ways to tackle it.
620	1	The Great Warming	4	While making the movie, producer Karen Coshof was determined not to lose sight of her most important advocate, the person on the street, to make the issue of global warming resonate in every household around the globe.
621	1	The Great Warming	4	"Every person should ""feel empowered to act."
622	1	The Great Warming	5	In media interviews, Coshof explained that the film attracted an unprecedented coalition of leaders in science, religion, business, environmental activism and education.
623	1	The Great Warming	5	They have built bridges over historic gaps to support the message of this film to believe in the individual and collective moral responsibility to reverse the growing threats to the environment, and to the health and quality of life.
624	1	The Great Warming	6	The effort goes beyond the documentary: with a release timed just before the United States House elections, 2006, the website featured a Questions for Candidates link where voters could send a questionnaire on energy, environment, and taxation to their federal and state candidates.
625	1	The Great Warming	6	The campaign also includes a Call to Action signed by leaders from every arena of public life, and which can be signed online by anyone who chooses.
626	1	The Great Warming	6	Advance DVD screenings at schools, churches, and town halls across the country have already mobilized thousands of people to change personal habits and demand action, and coalition members are working to track the effort.
627	1	Wind power in Spain	1	By year end 2015 Spain was the world's fifth biggest producer of wind power with 23,031 MW installed capacity (including 11 MW of wind-hydro capacity), providing 48,118 GWh of power and 19% of the country's total electricity production in that year.
628	1	Wind power in Spain	1	In 2014, a record breaking year for renewable electricity production, wind power accounted for 20.2% of total electricity generation in Spain making it the second most important electricity source after nuclear power (22%) and ahead of coal power (16.5%).
629	1	Wind power in Spain	1	In earlier periods wind energy covered 16% of the demand in 2010, 13.8% in 2009 and 11.5% in 2008.
630	1	Wind power in Spain	2	Following the fallout from the financial crisis in 2008 and the dire straits of the Spanish economy in the subsequent period new installations of new wind turbines all but stagnated between 2012 and 2015 remaining at close to 23,000 MW installed capacity for the entire period.
631	1	Wind power in Spain	2	Whilst Spain put expansion on ice the other world leading countries continued to expand or accelerated new wind turbine installations and by 2015 India had moved ahead of Spain in total installations.
632	1	Wind power in Spain	2	As of end 2015 ranked 5th in the world by wind power installed capacity.
633	1	Wind power in Spain	3	On windy days, wind power generation has surpassed all other electricity sources in Spain; On 21 November 2015 at 4:50 am, 70.4% of the electricity consumed on the Spanish Peninsula was covered with wind power energy.
634	1	Wind power in Spain	3	On 6 February 2013, wind power achieved an earlier record in electricity production, reaching an instantaneous peak of 17,056 MW and an hourly production of 16,918 MWh.
635	1	Wind power in Spain	3	In November 2011 a capacity peak of 59% of power demand being generated by wind power was reached.
636	1	Wind power in Spain	3	Power peaks of 14.960 GW were reached in November 2010, and in November 2009, a wind storm caused wind farms to produce a peak of 53% of total electricity demand (11.546 GW).
637	1	Wind power in Spain	4	In 2009, the largest producer of wind power in Spain was Iberdrola, with 25.5% of capacity, followed by Acciona with 20.9% and NEO Energia (EDP Renewables) with 8.3%.
638	1	Wind power in Spain	5	A 2006 article stated that the intended wind energy capacity to be installed in the autonomous regions by 2010-2011 at 20,000 MW.
639	1	Wind power in Spain	6	The US rating agency Standard & Poors, in a 2006 investigation of standard of living in Europe, ranked Navarre, whose primary source of renewable energy was wind power, uppermost among the 17 autonomous regions of Spain.
640	1	Wind power in Spain	6	At that time Navarre sustained approximately 70 percent of its electricity needs from renewable energy sources, wind farms being used most extensively, and had a 900-megawatt capacity of installed wind power.
641	1	Wind power in Spain	7	Navarre lacks thermal, nuclear, coal, oil, gas fields, or hefty hydro-electric power stations, but does possess considerable wind renewable resources, which the Government of Navarre pursued to drop its external energy dependence.
642	1	Wind power in Spain	7	Navarre was entirely reliant on imported energy until wind-power development and utilization began progress in 1996.
643	1	Wind power in Spain	8	In 2007 Galicia lead Spain in wind power development amongst the autonomous regions for the third consecutive year with an increase in wind power of 264 MW, succeeding Castilla La Mancha (which exceeded its development goal of 1,000MW), Castile and León, Aaragon and Navarre, and the remaining autonomous regions.
644	1	Wind power in Spain	9	Largely concerned with advancing energy efficiency use in Spain, the Institute for Energy Saving and Diversification (IDAE) also seeks to expand renewable energy sources and energies.
645	1	Wind power in Spain	10	Research concerning the production of hydrogen from electrolysis of water by a wind farm began in 2004 at a newly installed laboratory in the Universidad Pública de Navarra under an agreement between Energía Hidroeléctrica de Navarra, Stuart Energy Systems of Canada, and Statkraft of Norway.
646	1	Wind power in Spain	10	The lab replicated the power generation environment of a wind farm and examined the effects of an electrolyzer.
647	1	Wind power in Spain	11	Concentrated research is occurring concerning wind measurement in the Albacete region at Higueruela.
648	1	Wind power in Spain	12	A 2005 report showed the Spanish wind energy sector hosting the involvement of over 500 companies, with approximately 150 wind turbine production plants and their machinery across the Spanish regions.
649	1	Wind power in Spain	12	"The assets of the Spanish industry were noticed and acted upon by financial analysts, as United States Ernst and Young in 2005 ranked the wind market in Spain among the uppermost in its index of ""long-term country attractiveness""."
650	1	Wind power in Spain	12	"Including those indirectly employed in supplying components and services, the total number of jobs supported by Spain’s wind industry had reached more than 30 000, and was estimated to double to 60 000 by 2010"" (2005)."
651	1	Wind power in Spain	13	Gamesa, based in the Basque Country is a large global wind turbine manufacturer with 13% share by installed power in 2005.
652	1	Wind power in Spain	13	The company values the distinctive geographical setting of Spain as a benefit to Spanish companies competing in the global arena.
653	1	Wind power in Spain	13	Gamesa Eólica currently operates plants in Spain, The US and China.
654	1	Wind power in Spain	13	It has projects in many other parts of the world including Egypt, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, and Portugal.
655	1	Wind power in Spain	13	Gamesa opened a manufacturing plant for wind turbine generator blades in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 2005, creating 500 part-time building and operations jobs and 236 permanent manufacturing jobs; the building, operation, and upkeep of Gamesa’s wind farms, in conjunction with its two Philadelphia offices and production plant, formed about 1,000 jobs in the state over a five-year period.
656	1	Wind power in Spain	13	The company seeks expansion into Greece, Taiwan, and the United Kingdom.
657	1	Wind power in Spain	14	Ecotècnia, established 1981, and by 2005 had 2.1% world market share by installed capacity, with wind turbines in production of up to 1.6MW.
658	1	Wind power in Spain	14	In 2009 the company was acquired by Alstom for €350million.
659	1	Wind power in Spain	14	The company continued to develop wind turbines; a 3MW machine was installed in a commercial windfarm in 2009.
660	1	Wind power in Spain	14	In 2010 the company was renamed Alstom Wind.
661	1	Wind power in Spain	14	In 2011/2 the company developed a prototype 6MW permanent magnet gearless generator for offshore applications, in association with LM Wind Power and Converteam.
662	1	Wind power in Spain	15	Acciona Energy (Acciona Energía), the biggest global wind-park developer at the time, operated in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.
663	1	Wind power in Spain	15	The company credited its success to its initial stages in Navarre during 1994.
664	1	Wind power in Spain	15	Its line of work involved wind-farm operation, turbine manufacture, and the development of wind-power plants, and the company intended to expand into China, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.
665	1	Wind power in Spain	16	Iberdrola held functioning facilities in Brazil, France, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Portugal, Spain, the United States and the United Kingdom, and continued to develop wind farms in Europe and Latin America.
666	1	Wind power in Spain	17	As of 2008, Iberdrola plans to develop six offshore wind farm projects with a combined generation capacity of 3000 MW at locations off the coasts of the Spanish Atlantic provinces of Cadiz, Huelva and the Mediterranean province of Castellon.
667	1	Wind power in Spain	18	MTorres initiated their activities in the Wing Energy field in 1998, with the launch of their newly developed Wind Turbine TWT-1.5/70, a 1500 KW variable-speed direct-drive multipole Wind Turbine with a full-power converter and a 70 meters rotor diameter.
668	1	Wind power in Spain	19	The national Spanish wind energy industry began exporting its wind generators by forming contracts for the erection of wind farms in China, India, and Mexico, as well as Cuba, where work began in 1998 (2007).
669	1	Wind power in Spain	19	They also had contracts at a highly developed stage with Portugal, Turkey, Tunisia, Egypt, Brazil, and Argentina.
670	1	Wind power in Spain	20	The wind energy capacity for major companies in Spain was the following as of 2007: Gamesa Eólica, 3281 MW; Made, 803 MW; Neg Micon, 715 MW; Ecotècnia, 446 MW; G. Electric, 343 MW; Izar-Bonus, 317 MW; Desa & AWP, 121 MW; Enercon, 58 MW; Lagerwey, 38 MW; and Others, 113 MW (2007).
671	1	Wind power in Spain	21	Three factors will control the further progress of wind power development in Spain: the capability of the wind farms network to hold all the electricity harnessed by wind power, predominantly in off-peak times, the cost of energy, and the environmental effect that the abundance of wind farm development in Spain could turn out.
672	1	Wind power in Spain	21	The Spanish wind power industry will be confronted with the following issues in the immediate future:
673	1	Wind power in Spain	23	It is also noteworthy that the supportive Spanish policies for wind power development have resulted in severe competition for construction sites among major companies.
674	1	Wind power in Spain	23	Political leaders in the autonomous communities have been frazzled by the numerous applications for wind farm construction.
675	1	Wind power in Spain	23	Local possession of wind power is not present in Spain, but does not appear to take away from further development of wind power in Spain since a much smaller and weaker quantity of local anti-wind farm grid population inhabits the country.
676	1	Wind power in Spain	24	However, a further obstacle concerning wind power development needs to be tackled before Spain can achieve these ambitious objectives: construction of a central control center for all the Spanish wind farms, analogous to the control center used for traditional power plants.
677	1	Wind power in Spain	25	With some exceptions, there has been little opposition to the installation of inland wind parks.
678	1	Wind power in Spain	25	However, the projects to build offshore parks have been more controversial.
679	1	Wind power in Spain	25	According to Cohn et al.,
680	1	Wind power in Spain	26	The proposal of building the biggest offshore wind power production facility in the world in southwestern Spain on the spot of the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar.
681	1	Wind power in Spain	26	has been met with strong oppostition from the towns in the coast of Cádiz, who fear for tourism and fisheries in the area.
682	1	Wind power in Spain	26	There have also been complaints by the British, who claim that the area is a war grave and that any development of the area could destroy archaeological evidence of the historic battle.
683	1	Henrik Svensmark	1	Henrik Svensmark (born 1958) is a physicist and professor in the Division of Solar System Physics at the Danish National Space Institute (DTU Space) in Copenhagen.
684	1	Henrik Svensmark	1	He is known for his theory on the effects of cosmic rays on cloud formation as an indirect cause of global warming.
685	1	Henrik Svensmark	2	Henrik Svensmark obtained a Master of Science in Engineering (Cand.
686	1	Henrik Svensmark	2	Polyt) in 1985 and a Ph.D. in 1987 from the Physics Laboratory I at the Technical University of Denmark.
687	1	Henrik Svensmark	3	Henrik Svensmark is director of the Center for Sun-Climate Research at the Danish Space Research Institute (DSRI), a part of the Danish National Space Center.
688	1	Henrik Svensmark	3	He previously headed the sun-climate group at DSRI.
689	1	Henrik Svensmark	3	He held postdoctoral positions in physics at three other organizations: University of California, Berkeley, Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, and the Niels Bohr Institute.
690	1	Henrik Svensmark	4	In 1997, Svensmark and Eigil Friis-Christensen popularised a theory that linked galactic cosmic rays and global climate change mediated primarily by variations in the intensity of the solar wind, which they have termed cosmoclimatology.
691	1	Henrik Svensmark	4	This theory had earlier been reviewed by Dickinson.
692	1	Henrik Svensmark	4	"One of the small-scale processes related to this link was studied in a laboratory experiment performed at the Danish National Space Center (paper published in the ""Proceedings of the Royal Society A"", February 8, 2007)."
693	1	Henrik Svensmark	5	Svensmark's conclusions from his research downplay the significance of the effects of man-made increases in atmospheric CO on recent and historical global warming, with him arguing that while the climate change role of greenhouse gases is considerable, solar variations play a larger role.
694	1	Henrik Svensmark	6	Svensmark detailed his theory of cosmoclimatology in a paper published in 2007.
695	1	Henrik Svensmark	6	"The Center for Sun-Climate Research at the Danish National Space Institute ""investigates the connection between solar activity and climatic changes on Earth""."
696	1	Henrik Svensmark	6	Its homepage lists several publications earlier works related to cosmoclimatology.
697	1	Henrik Svensmark	7	"Svensmark and Nigel Calder published a book """" (2007) describing the Cosmoclimatology theory that cosmic rays ""have more effect on the climate than manmade CO"":"
698	1	Henrik Svensmark	7	"A documentary film on Svensmark's theory, ""The Cloud Mystery"", was produced by Lars Oxfeldt Mortensen and premiered in January 2008 on Danish TV 2."
699	1	Henrik Svensmark	8	In April 2012, Svensmark published an expansion of his theory in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
700	1	Henrik Svensmark	9	In the new work he claims that the diversity of life on Earth over the last 500 million years might be explained by tectonics affecting the sea-level together with variations in the local supernova rate, and virtually nothing else.
701	1	Henrik Svensmark	9	This suggests that the progress of evolution is affected by climate variation depending on the Galactic Cosmic Ray flux.
702	1	Henrik Svensmark	10	"The director of DTU Space, Prof. Eigil Friis-Christensen, commented: ""When this enquiry into effects of cosmic rays from supernova remnants began 16 years ago, we never imagined that it would lead us so deep into time, or into so many aspects of the Earth's history."
703	1	Henrik Svensmark	10	The connection to evolution is a culmination of this work.
704	1	Henrik Svensmark	11	Preliminary experimental verification has been conducted in the SKY Experiment at the Danish National Space Science Center.
705	1	Henrik Svensmark	11	CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva, is preparing comprehensive verification in the CLOUD Project.
706	1	Henrik Svensmark	12	Svensmark conducted proof of concept experiments in the SKY Experiment at the Danish National Space Institute.
707	1	Henrik Svensmark	12	To investigate the role of cosmic rays in cloud formation low in the Earth's atmosphere, the SKY experiment used natural muons (heavy electrons) that can penetrate even to the basement of the National Space Institute in Copenhagen.
708	1	Henrik Svensmark	12	The hypothesis, verified by the experiment, is that electrons released in the air by the passing muons promote the formation of molecular clusters that are building blocks for cloud condensation nuclei.
709	1	Henrik Svensmark	12	Critics of the hypothesis claimed that particle clusters produced measured just a few nanometres across, whereas aerosols typically need to have a diameter of at least 50 nm in order to serve as so-called cloud condensation nuclei.
710	1	Henrik Svensmark	12	Further experiments by Svensmark and collaborators published in 2013 that showed that aerosols with diameter larger than 50 nm are produced by ultraviolet light (from trace amounts of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor), large enough to serve as cloud condensation nuclei.
711	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	Scientists are preparing detailed atmospheric physics experiments to test Svensmark's thesis, building on the Danish findings.
712	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN started a multi-phase project in 2006, including rerunning the Danish experiment.
713	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN plans to use an accelerator rather than rely on natural cosmic rays.
714	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN's multinational project will give scientists a permanent facility where they can study the effects of both cosmic rays and charged particles in the Earth's atmosphere.
715	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN's project is named CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets).
716	1	Henrik Svensmark	13	CERN posted a 2009 progress report on the CLOUD project.
717	1	Henrik Svensmark	14	On 25 August 2011, the first result of the experiment were published.
718	1	Henrik Svensmark	14	They show that vapor traces, assumed until now to account for aerosol formation in the lower atmosphere can explain only a tiny fraction of the observed atmospheric aerosol production.
719	1	Henrik Svensmark	14	The results also show that ionization from cosmic rays significantly enhances aerosol formation.
720	1	Henrik Svensmark	15	"Dunne ""et al."
721	1	Henrik Svensmark	15	(2016) have presented the main outcomes of 10 years of results obtained at the CLOUD experiment performed at CERN.
722	1	Henrik Svensmark	15	They have studied in detail the physico-chemical mechanisms and the kinetics of aerosols formation.
723	1	Henrik Svensmark	15	The nucleation process of water droplets/ice micro-crystals from water vapor reproduced in the CLOUD experiment and also directly observed in the Earth atmosphere do not only involve ions formation due to cosmic rays but also a range of complex chemical reactions with sulfuric acid, ammonia and organic compounds emitted in the air by human activities and by organisms living on land or in the oceans (plankton).
724	1	Henrik Svensmark	15	Although they observe that a fraction of cloud nuclei is effectively produced by ionisation due to the interaction of cosmic rays with the constituents of Earth atmosphere, this process is insufficient to attribute the present climate modifications to the fluctuations of the cosmic rays intensity modulated by changes in the solar activity and Earth magnetosphere.
725	1	Henrik Svensmark	16	An early (2003) critique by physicist Peter Laut of Svensmark's theory reanalyzed Svensmark's data and suggested that it does not support a correlation between cosmic rays and global temperature changes; it also disputes some of the theoretical bases for the theory.
726	1	Henrik Svensmark	16	"Svensmark replied to the paper, stating that ""...nowhere in Peter Laut’s (PL) paper has he been able to explain, where physical data have been handled incorrectly, how the character of my papers are misleading, or where my work does not live up to scientific standards"
727	1	Henrik Svensmark	17	"Mike Lockwood of the UK's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory and Claus Froehlich of the World Radiation Center in Switzerland published a paper in 2007 which concluded that the increase in mean global temperature observed since 1985 correlates so poorly with solar variability that no type of causal mechanism may be ascribed to it, although they accept that there is ""considerable evidence"" for solar influence on Earth's pre-industrial climate and to some degree also for climate changes in the first half of the 20th century."
728	1	Henrik Svensmark	18	Svensmark's coauthor Calder responded to the study in an interview with LondonBookReview.com, where he put forth the counterclaim that global temperature has not risen since 1999.
729	1	Henrik Svensmark	19	Later in 2007, Svensmark and Friis-Christensen brought out a Reply to Lockwood and Fröhlich which concludes that surface air temperature records used by Lockwood and Fröhlich apparently are a poor guide to Sun-driven physical processes, but tropospheric air temperature records do show an impressive negative correlation between cosmic-ray flux and air temperatures up to 2006 if a warming trend, oceanic oscillations and volcanism are removed from the temperature data.
730	1	Henrik Svensmark	19	They also point out that Lockwood and Fröhlich present their data by using running means of around 10 years, which creates the illusion of a continued temperature rise, whereas all unsmoothed data point to a flattening of the temperature, coincident with the present maxing out of the magnetic activity of the Sun, and which the continued rapid increase in CO concentrations seemingly has been unable to overrule.
731	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	"In April 2008, Professor Terry Sloan of Lancaster University published a paper in the journal ""Environmental Research Letters"" titled ""Testing the proposed causal link between cosmic rays and cloud cover"", which found no significant link between cloud cover and cosmic ray intensity in the last 20 years."
732	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	"Svensmark responded by saying ""Terry Sloan has simply failed to understand how cosmic rays work on clouds""."
733	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	"Dr. Giles Harrison of Reading University, describes the work as important ""as it provides an upper limit on the cosmic ray-cloud effect in global satellite cloud data""."
734	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	Harrison studied the effect of cosmic rays in the UK.
735	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	"He states: ""Although the statistically significant non-linear cosmic ray effect is small, it will have a considerably larger aggregate effect on longer timescale (e.g."
736	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	"century) climate variations when day-to-day variability averages out""."
737	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	Brian H. Brown (2008) of Sheffield University further found a statistically significant (p<0.05) short term 3% association between Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and low level clouds over 22 years with a 15-hour delay.
738	1	Henrik Svensmark	20	Long-term changes in cloud cover (> 3 months) and GCR gave correlations of p=0.06.
739	1	Henrik Svensmark	21	More recently, Laken et al.
740	1	Henrik Svensmark	21	(2012) found that new high quality satellite data show that the El Niño Southern Oscillation is responsible for most changes in cloud cover at the global and regional levels.
741	1	Henrik Svensmark	21	They also found that galactic cosmic rays, and total solar irradiance did not have any statistically significant influence on changes in cloud cover.
742	1	Henrik Svensmark	22	"Lockwood (2012) conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature on the ""solar influence"" on climate."
743	1	Henrik Svensmark	22	It was found that when this influence is included appropriately into climate models causal climate change claims such as those made by Svensmark are shown to have been exaggerated.
744	1	Henrik Svensmark	22	Lockwood's review also highlighted the strength of evidence in favor of the solar influence on regional climates.
745	1	Henrik Svensmark	23	Sloan and Wolfendale (2013) demonstrated that while temperature models showed a small correlation every 22 years, less than 14 percent of global warming since the 1950s could be attributed to cosmic ray rate.
746	1	Henrik Svensmark	23	The study concluded that the cosmic ray rate did not match the changes in temperature, indicating that it was not a causal relationship.
747	1	Henrik Svensmark	23	"Another 2013 study found, contrary to Svensmark's claims, ""no statistically significant correlations between cosmic rays and global albedo or globally averaged cloud height."
748	1	Henrik Svensmark	24	In 2013, a laboratory study by Svensmark, Pepke and Pedersen published in Physics Letters A showed, that there is in fact a correlation between cosmic rays and the formation of aerosols of the type that seed clouds.
749	1	Henrik Svensmark	24	Extrapolating from the laboratory to the actual atmosphere, the authors asserted that solar activity is responsible for ca.
750	1	Henrik Svensmark	24	50 percent of temperature variation.
751	1	Henrik Svensmark	25	"In a detailed 2013 post on the scientists' blog RealClimate, Rasmus E. Benestad presented arguments for considering Svensmark's claims to be ""wildly exaggerated""."
752	1	Henrik Svensmark	25	"(""Time"" magazine has characterized the main purpose of this blog as a ""straightforward presentation of the physical evidence for global warming"".)"
753	1	Greenhouse gas	1	A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
754	1	Greenhouse gas	1	Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect.
755	1	Greenhouse gas	1	The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.
756	1	Greenhouse gas	1	Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about , rather than the present average of .
757	1	Greenhouse gas	1	The atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain greenhouse gases.
758	1	Greenhouse gas	2	Human activities since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (around 1750) have produced a 45% increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (), from 280 ppm in 1750 to 415 ppm in 2019.
759	1	Greenhouse gas	2	"This increase has occurred despite the uptake of more than half of the emissions by various natural ""sinks"" involved in the carbon cycle."
760	1	Greenhouse gas	2	The vast majority of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions come from combustion of fossil fuels, principally coal, oil, and natural gas, with additional contributions coming from deforestation, changes in land use, soil erosion and agriculture (including livestock).
761	1	Greenhouse gas	3	Should greenhouse gas emissions continue at their rate in 2019, global warming could cause Earth's surface temperature to exceed historical values as early as 2047, with potentially harmful effects on ecosystems, biodiversity and human livelihoods.
762	1	Greenhouse gas	3	"At current emission rates, temperatures could increase by 2 °C, which the United Nations' IPCC designated as the upper limit to avoid ""dangerous"" levels, by 2036."
763	1	Greenhouse gas	4	The most common gases in Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (0.9%).
764	1	Greenhouse gas	4	The next most common gases are carbon dioxide (0.04%), nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone.
765	1	Greenhouse gas	4	They are trace gases that account for almost one tenth of 1% of Earth's atmosphere.
766	1	Greenhouse gas	5	Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit infrared radiation in the wavelength range emitted by Earth.
767	1	Greenhouse gas	5	In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are:
768	1	Greenhouse gas	6	Atmospheric concentrations are determined by the balance between sources (emissions of the gas from human activities and natural systems) and sinks (the removal of the gas from the atmosphere by conversion to a different chemical compound or absorption by bodies of water).
769	1	Greenhouse gas	6	"The proportion of an emission remaining in the atmosphere after a specified time is the ""airborne fraction"" (AF)."
770	1	Greenhouse gas	6	"The ""annual airborne fraction"" is the ratio of the atmospheric increase in a given year to that year's total emissions."
771	1	Greenhouse gas	6	As of 2006 the annual airborne fraction for was about 0.45.
772	1	Greenhouse gas	6	The annual airborne fraction increased at a rate of 0.25 ± 0.21% per year over the period 1959–2006.
773	1	Greenhouse gas	7	The major atmospheric constituents: nitrogen (), oxygen (), and argon (Ar) are not greenhouse gases because molecules containing two atoms of the same element such as and have no net change in the distribution of their electrical charges when they vibrate, and monatomic gases such as Ar do not have vibrational modes.
774	1	Greenhouse gas	7	Hence they are almost totally unaffected by infrared radiation.
775	1	Greenhouse gas	7	Some molecules containing just two atoms of different elements, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), do absorb infrared radiation, but these molecules are short-lived in the atmosphere owing to their reactivity and solubility.
776	1	Greenhouse gas	7	Therefore, they do not contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect and often are omitted when discussing greenhouse gases.
777	1	Greenhouse gas	8	Some gases have indirect radiative effects (whether or not they are greenhouse gases themselves).
778	1	Greenhouse gas	8	This happens in two main ways.
779	1	Greenhouse gas	8	One way is that when they break down in the atmosphere they produce another greenhouse gas.
780	1	Greenhouse gas	8	For example, methane and carbon monoxide (CO) are oxidized to give carbon dioxide (and methane oxidation also produces water vapor).
781	1	Greenhouse gas	8	Oxidation of CO to directly produces an unambiguous increase in radiative forcing although the reason is subtle.
782	1	Greenhouse gas	8	The peak of the thermal IR emission from Earth's surface is very close to a strong vibrational absorption band of (wavelength 15 microns, or wavenumber 667 cm).
783	1	Greenhouse gas	8	On the other hand, the single CO vibrational band only absorbs IR at much shorter wavelengths (4.7 microns, or 2145 cm), where the emission of radiant energy from Earth's surface is at least a factor of ten lower.
784	1	Greenhouse gas	8	Oxidation of methane to , which requires reactions with the OH radical, produces an instantaneous reduction in radiative absorption and emission since is a weaker greenhouse gas than methane.
785	1	Greenhouse gas	8	However, the oxidations of CO and are entwined since both consume OH radicals.
786	1	Greenhouse gas	8	In any case, the calculation of the total radiative effect includes both direct and indirect forcing.
787	1	Greenhouse gas	9	A second type of indirect effect happens when chemical reactions in the atmosphere involving these gases change the concentrations of greenhouse gases.
788	1	Greenhouse gas	9	For example, the destruction of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) in the atmosphere can produce ozone.
789	1	Greenhouse gas	9	The size of the indirect effect can depend strongly on where and when the gas is emitted.
790	1	Greenhouse gas	10	Methane has indirect effects in addition to forming .
791	1	Greenhouse gas	10	The main chemical that reacts with methane in the atmosphere is the hydroxyl radical (OH), thus more methane means that the concentration of OH goes down.
792	1	Greenhouse gas	10	Effectively, methane increases its own atmospheric lifetime and therefore its overall radiative effect.
793	1	Greenhouse gas	10	The oxidation of methane can produce both ozone and water; and is a major source of water vapor in the normally dry stratosphere.
794	1	Greenhouse gas	10	CO and NMVOCs produce when they are oxidized.
795	1	Greenhouse gas	10	They remove OH from the atmosphere, and this leads to higher concentrations of methane.
796	1	Greenhouse gas	10	The surprising effect of this is that the global warming potential of CO is three times that of .
797	1	Greenhouse gas	10	The same process that converts NMVOCs to carbon dioxide can also lead to the formation of tropospheric ozone.
798	1	Greenhouse gas	10	Halocarbons have an indirect effect because they destroy stratospheric ozone.
799	1	Greenhouse gas	10	Finally, hydrogen can lead to ozone production and increases as well as producing stratospheric water vapor.
800	1	Greenhouse gas	11	The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect, clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have an effect on greenhouse gas radiative properties.
801	1	Greenhouse gas	11	Clouds are water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.
802	1	Greenhouse gas	12	The contribution of each gas to the greenhouse effect is determined by the characteristics of that gas, its abundance, and any indirect effects it may cause.
803	1	Greenhouse gas	12	For example, the direct radiative effect of a mass of methane is about 84 times stronger than the same mass of carbon dioxide over a 20-year time frame but it is present in much smaller concentrations so that its total direct radiative effect is smaller, in part due to its shorter atmospheric lifetime.
804	1	Greenhouse gas	12	On the other hand, in addition to its direct radiative impact, methane has a large, indirect radiative effect because it contributes to ozone formation.
805	1	Greenhouse gas	12	"Shindell ""et al."
806	1	Greenhouse gas	12	(2005) argue that the contribution to climate change from methane is at least double previous estimates as a result of this effect.
807	1	Greenhouse gas	13	When ranked by their direct contribution to the greenhouse effect, the most important are:
808	1	Greenhouse gas	14	In addition to the main greenhouse gases listed above, other greenhouse gases include sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons (see IPCC list of greenhouse gases).
809	1	Greenhouse gas	14	Some greenhouse gases are not often listed.
810	1	Greenhouse gas	14	For example, nitrogen trifluoride has a high global warming potential (GWP) but is only present in very small quantities.
811	1	Greenhouse gas	15	It is not possible to state that a certain gas causes an exact percentage of the greenhouse effect.
812	1	Greenhouse gas	15	This is because some of the gases absorb and emit radiation at the same frequencies as others, so that the total greenhouse effect is not simply the sum of the influence of each gas.
813	1	Greenhouse gas	15	The higher ends of the ranges quoted are for each gas alone; the lower ends account for overlaps with the other gases.
814	1	Greenhouse gas	15	In addition, some gases, such as methane, are known to have large indirect effects that are still being quantified.
815	1	Greenhouse gas	16	Aside from water vapor, which has a residence time of about nine days, major greenhouse gases are well mixed and take many years to leave the atmosphere.
816	1	Greenhouse gas	16	Although it is not easy to know with precision how long it takes greenhouse gases to leave the atmosphere, there are estimates for the principal greenhouse gases.
817	1	Greenhouse gas	16	Jacob (1999) defines the lifetime formula_1 of an atmospheric species X in a one-box model as the average time that a molecule of X remains in the box.
818	1	Greenhouse gas	16	Mathematically formula_1 can
819	1	Greenhouse gas	16	be defined as the ratio of the mass formula_3 (in kg) of X in the box to its removal rate, which is the sum of the flow of X out of the box
820	1	Greenhouse gas	16	(formula_4),
821	1	Greenhouse gas	16	chemical loss of X
822	1	Greenhouse gas	16	(formula_5),
823	1	Greenhouse gas	16	and deposition of X
824	1	Greenhouse gas	16	(all in kg/s):
825	1	Greenhouse gas	16	formula_7.
826	1	Greenhouse gas	16	If output of this gas into the box ceased, then after time formula_1, its concentration would decrease by about 63%.
827	1	Greenhouse gas	17	The atmospheric lifetime of a species therefore measures the time required to restore equilibrium following a sudden increase or decrease in its concentration in the atmosphere.
828	1	Greenhouse gas	17	Individual atoms or molecules may be lost or deposited to sinks such as the soil, the oceans and other waters, or vegetation and other biological systems, reducing the excess to background concentrations.
829	1	Greenhouse gas	17	The average time taken to achieve this is the mean lifetime.
830	1	Greenhouse gas	18	Carbon dioxide has a variable atmospheric lifetime, and cannot be specified precisely.
831	1	Greenhouse gas	18	The atmospheric lifetime of is estimated of the order of 30–95 years.
832	1	Greenhouse gas	18	This figure accounts for molecules being removed from the atmosphere by mixing into the ocean, photosynthesis, and other processes.
833	1	Greenhouse gas	18	However, this excludes the balancing fluxes of into the atmosphere from the geological reservoirs, which have slower characteristic rates.
834	1	Greenhouse gas	18	Although more than half of the emitted is removed from the atmosphere within a century, some fraction (about 20%) of emitted remains in the atmosphere for many thousands of years.
835	1	Greenhouse gas	19	Earth absorbs some of the radiant energy received from the sun, reflects some of it as light and reflects or radiates the rest back to space as heat.
836	1	Greenhouse gas	19	Earth's surface temperature depends on this balance between incoming and outgoing energy.
837	1	Greenhouse gas	19	If this energy balance is shifted, Earth's surface becomes warmer or cooler, leading to a variety of changes in global climate.
838	1	Greenhouse gas	20	A number of natural and man-made mechanisms can affect the global energy balance and force changes in Earth's climate.
839	1	Greenhouse gas	20	Greenhouse gases are one such mechanism.
840	1	Greenhouse gas	20	Greenhouse gases absorb and emit some of the outgoing energy radiated from Earth's surface, causing that heat to be retained in the lower atmosphere.
841	1	Greenhouse gas	20	As explained above, some greenhouse gases remain in the atmosphere for decades or even centuries, and therefore can affect Earth's energy balance over a long period.
842	1	Greenhouse gas	20	Radiative forcing quantifies the effect of factors that influence Earth's energy balance, including changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases.
843	1	Greenhouse gas	20	Positive radiative forcing leads to warming by increasing the net incoming energy, whereas negative radiative forcing leads to cooling.
844	1	Greenhouse gas	21	The global warming potential (GWP) depends on both the efficiency of the molecule as a greenhouse gas and its atmospheric lifetime.
845	1	Greenhouse gas	21	GWP is measured relative to the same mass of and evaluated for a specific timescale.
846	1	Greenhouse gas	21	Thus, if a gas has a high (positive) radiative forcing but also a short lifetime, it will have a large GWP on a 20-year scale but a small one on a 100-year scale.
847	1	Greenhouse gas	21	Conversely, if a molecule has a longer atmospheric lifetime than its GWP will increase when the timescale is considered.
848	1	Greenhouse gas	21	Carbon dioxide is defined to have a GWP of 1 over all time periods.
849	1	Greenhouse gas	22	Methane has an atmospheric lifetime of 12 ± 3 years.
850	1	Greenhouse gas	22	The 2007 IPCC report lists the GWP as 72 over a time scale of 20 years, 25 over 100 years and 7.6 over 500 years.
851	1	Greenhouse gas	22	A 2014 analysis, however, states that although methane's initial impact is about 100 times greater than that of , because of the shorter atmospheric lifetime, after six or seven decades, the impact of the two gases is about equal, and from then on methane's relative role continues to decline.
852	1	Greenhouse gas	22	The decrease in GWP at longer times is because methane is degraded to water and through chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
853	1	Greenhouse gas	23	Examples of the atmospheric lifetime and GWP relative to for several greenhouse gases are given in the following table:
854	1	Greenhouse gas	24	The use of CFC-12 (except some essential uses) has been phased out due to its ozone depleting properties.
855	1	Greenhouse gas	24	The phasing-out of less active HCFC-compounds will be completed in 2030.
856	1	Greenhouse gas	25	Aside from purely human-produced synthetic halocarbons, most greenhouse gases have both natural and human-caused sources.
857	1	Greenhouse gas	25	During the pre-industrial Holocene, concentrations of existing gases were roughly constant, because the large natural sources and sinks roughly balanced.
858	1	Greenhouse gas	25	In the industrial era, human activities have added greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, mainly through the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests.
859	1	Greenhouse gas	26	"The 2007 Fourth Assessment Report compiled by the IPCC (AR4) noted that ""changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, land cover and solar radiation alter the energy balance of the climate system"", and concluded that ""increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations is very likely to have caused most of the increases in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century""."
860	1	Greenhouse gas	26	"In AR4, ""most of"" is defined as more than 50%."
861	1	Greenhouse gas	27	Abbreviations used in the two tables below: ppm = parts-per-million; ppb = parts-per-billion; ppt = parts-per-trillion; W/m = watts per square metre
862	1	Greenhouse gas	28	Ice cores provide evidence for greenhouse gas concentration variations over the past 800,000 years (see the following section).
863	1	Greenhouse gas	28	Both and vary between glacial and interglacial phases, and concentrations of these gases correlate strongly with temperature.
864	1	Greenhouse gas	28	Direct data does not exist for periods earlier than those represented in the ice core record, a record that indicates mole fractions stayed within a range of 180 ppm to 280 ppm throughout the last 800,000 years, until the increase of the last 250 years.
865	1	Greenhouse gas	28	However, various proxies and modeling suggests larger variations in past epochs; 500 million years ago levels were likely 10 times higher than now.
866	1	Greenhouse gas	28	Indeed, higher concentrations are thought to have prevailed throughout most of the Phanerozoic eon, with concentrations four to six times current concentrations during the Mesozoic era, and ten to fifteen times current concentrations during the early Palaeozoic era until the middle of the Devonian period, about 400 Ma.
867	1	Greenhouse gas	28	The spread of land plants is thought to have reduced concentrations during the late Devonian, and plant activities as both sources and sinks of have since been important in providing stabilising feedbacks.
868	1	Greenhouse gas	28	Earlier still, a 200-million year period of intermittent, widespread glaciation extending close to the equator (Snowball Earth) appears to have been ended suddenly, about 550 Ma, by a colossal volcanic outgassing that raised the concentration of the atmosphere abruptly to 12%, about 350 times modern levels, causing extreme greenhouse conditions and carbonate deposition as limestone at the rate of about 1 mm per day.
869	1	Greenhouse gas	28	This episode marked the close of the Precambrian eon, and was succeeded by the generally warmer conditions of the Phanerozoic, during which multicellular animal and plant life evolved.
870	1	Greenhouse gas	28	No volcanic carbon dioxide emission of comparable scale has occurred since.
871	1	Greenhouse gas	28	In the modern era, emissions to the atmosphere from volcanoes are approximately 0.645 billion tonnes of per year, whereas humans contribute 29 billion tonnes of each year.
872	1	Greenhouse gas	29	Measurements from Antarctic ice cores
873	1	Greenhouse gas	29	show that before industrial emissions started atmospheric mole fractions were about 280 parts per million (ppm), and stayed between 260 and 280 during the preceding ten thousand years.
874	1	Greenhouse gas	29	Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s, rising from 280 parts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.
875	1	Greenhouse gas	29	One study using evidence from stomata of fossilized leaves suggests greater variability, with carbon dioxide mole fractions above 300 ppm during the period seven to ten thousand years ago, though others have argued that these findings more likely reflect calibration or contamination problems rather than actual variability.
876	1	Greenhouse gas	29	Because of the way air is trapped in ice (pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firn) and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed, these figures represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.
877	1	Greenhouse gas	30	Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the concentrations of most of the greenhouse gases have increased.
878	1	Greenhouse gas	30	For example, the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased from 280 ppm to 415 ppm, or 120 ppm over modern pre-industrial levels.
879	1	Greenhouse gas	30	The first 30 ppm increase took place in about 200 years, from the start of the Industrial Revolution to 1958; however the next 90 ppm increase took place within 56 years, from 1958 to 2014.
880	1	Greenhouse gas	31	Recent data also shows that the concentration is increasing at a higher rate.
881	1	Greenhouse gas	31	In the 1960s, the average annual increase was only 37% of what it was in 2000 through 2007.
882	1	Greenhouse gas	32	Total cumulative emissions from 1870 to 2017 were 425±20 GtC (1539 GtCO) from fossil fuels and industry, and 180±60 GtC (660 GtCO) from land use change.
883	1	Greenhouse gas	32	Land-use change, such as deforestation, caused about 31% of cumulative emissions over 1870–2017, coal 32%, oil 25%, and gas 10%.
884	1	Greenhouse gas	33	Today, the stock of carbon in the atmosphere increases by more than 3 million tonnes per annum (0.04%) compared with the existing stock.
885	1	Greenhouse gas	33	This increase is the result of human activities by burning fossil fuels, deforestation and forest degradation in tropical and boreal regions.
886	1	Greenhouse gas	34	The other greenhouse gases produced from human activity show similar increases in both amount and rate of increase.
887	1	Greenhouse gas	34	Many observations are available online in a variety of Atmospheric Chemistry Observational Databases.
888	1	Greenhouse gas	35	Since about 1750 human activity has increased the concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
889	1	Greenhouse gas	35	Measured atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are currently 100 ppm higher than pre-industrial levels.
890	1	Greenhouse gas	35	Natural sources of carbon dioxide are more than 20 times greater than sources due to human activity, but over periods longer than a few years natural sources are closely balanced by natural sinks, mainly photosynthesis of carbon compounds by plants and marine plankton.
891	1	Greenhouse gas	35	As a result of this balance, the atmospheric mole fraction of carbon dioxide remained between 260 and 280 parts per million for the 10,000 years between the end of the last glacial maximum and the start of the industrial era.
892	1	Greenhouse gas	36	It is likely that anthropogenic (i.e., human-induced) warming, such as that due to elevated greenhouse gas levels, has had a discernible influence on many physical and biological systems.
893	1	Greenhouse gas	36	Future warming is projected to have a range of impacts, including sea level rise, increased frequencies and severities of some extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and regional changes in agricultural productivity.
894	1	Greenhouse gas	37	The main sources of greenhouse gases due to human activity are:
895	1	Greenhouse gas	38	The seven sources of from fossil fuel combustion are (with percentage contributions for 2000–2004):
896	1	Greenhouse gas	38	Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide () and three groups of fluorinated gases (sulfur hexafluoride (), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs)) are the major anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and are regulated under the Kyoto Protocol international treaty, which came into force in 2005.
897	1	Greenhouse gas	38	Emissions limitations specified in the Kyoto Protocol expired in 2012.
898	1	Greenhouse gas	38	The Cancún agreement, agreed on in 2010, includes voluntary pledges made by 76 countries to control emissions.
899	1	Greenhouse gas	38	At the time of the agreement, these 76 countries were collectively responsible for 85% of annual global emissions.
900	1	Greenhouse gas	39	Although CFCs are greenhouse gases, they are regulated by the Montreal Protocol, which was motivated by CFCs' contribution to ozone depletion rather than by their contribution to global warming.
901	1	Greenhouse gas	39	Note that ozone depletion has only a minor role in greenhouse warming, though the two processes often are confused in the media.
902	1	Greenhouse gas	39	On 15 October 2016, negotiators from over 170 nations meeting at the summit of the United Nations Environment Programme reached a legally binding accord to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in an amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
903	1	Greenhouse gas	40	The section presents information about Greenhouse gas emissions from different sectors of the economy.
904	1	Greenhouse gas	41	Electricity generation emits over a quarter of global greenhouse gases.
905	1	Greenhouse gas	41	Coal-fired power stations are the single largest emitter, with over 10 Gt in 2018.
906	1	Greenhouse gas	41	Although much less polluting than coal plants, natural gas-fired power plants are also major emitters.
907	1	Greenhouse gas	42	According to UNEP, global tourism is closely linked to climate change.
908	1	Greenhouse gas	42	Tourism is a significant contributor to the increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
909	1	Greenhouse gas	42	Tourism accounts for about 50% of traffic movements.
910	1	Greenhouse gas	42	Rapidly expanding air traffic contributes about 2.5% of the production of .
911	1	Greenhouse gas	42	The number of international travelers is expected to increase from 594 million in 1996 to 1.6 billion by 2020, adding greatly to the problem unless steps are taken to reduce emissions.
912	1	Greenhouse gas	43	The trucking and haulage industry plays a part in production of , contributing around 20% of the UK's total carbon emissions a year, with only the energy industry having a larger impact at around 39%.
913	1	Greenhouse gas	43	Average carbon emissions within the haulage industry are falling—in the thirty-year period from 1977 to 2007, the carbon emissions associated with a 200-mile journey fell by 21 percent; NOx emissions are also down 87 percent, whereas journey times have fallen by around a third.
914	1	Greenhouse gas	43	Due to their size, HGVs often receive criticism regarding their CO emissions; however, rapid development in engine technology and fuel management is having a largely positive effect.
915	1	Greenhouse gas	44	Plastic is produced mainly from Fossil fuels.
916	1	Greenhouse gas	44	Plastic manufacturing is estimated to use 8 percent of yearly global oil production.
917	1	Greenhouse gas	44	The EPA estimates as many as five ounces of carbon dioxide are emitted for each ounce of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) produced—the type of plastic most commonly used for beverage bottles, the transportation produce greenhouse gases also.
918	1	Greenhouse gas	44	Plastic waste emits carbon dioxide when it degrades.
919	1	Greenhouse gas	44	In 2018 research claimed that some of the most common plastics in the environment release the greenhouse gases methane and ethylene when exposed to sunlight in an amount that can affect the earth climate.
920	1	Greenhouse gas	45	From the other side, if it is placed in a landfill, it becomes a carbon sink although biodegradable plastics have caused methane emissions.
921	1	Greenhouse gas	46	"In 2019 a new report ""Plastic and Climate"" was published."
922	1	Greenhouse gas	46	According to the report plastic will contribute greenhouse gases in the equivalent of 850 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO) to the atmosphere in 2019.
923	1	Greenhouse gas	46	In current trend, annual emissions will grow to 1.34 billion tonnes by 2030.
924	1	Greenhouse gas	46	By 2050 plastic could emit 56 billion tonnes of Greenhouse gas emissions, as much as 14 percent of the Earth's remaining carbon budget.
925	1	Greenhouse gas	46	The report says that only solutions which involve a reduction in consumption can solve the problem, while others like biodegradable plastic, ocean cleanup, using renewable energy in plastic industry can do little, and in some cases may even worsen it.
926	1	Greenhouse gas	47	The pharmaceutical industry emitted 52 megatonnes of Carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in 2015.
927	1	Greenhouse gas	47	This is more than the automotive sector.
928	1	Greenhouse gas	47	However this analysis used the combined emissions of conglomerates which produce pharmaceuticals as well as other products.
929	1	Greenhouse gas	48	Water vapor accounts for the largest percentage of the greenhouse effect, between 36% and 66% for clear sky conditions and between 66% and 85% when including clouds.
930	1	Greenhouse gas	48	Water vapor concentrations fluctuate regionally, but human activity does not directly affect water vapor concentrations except at local scales, such as near irrigated fields.
931	1	Greenhouse gas	48	Indirectly, human activity that increases global temperatures will increase water vapor concentrations, a process known as water vapor feedback.
932	1	Greenhouse gas	48	The atmospheric concentration of vapor is highly variable and depends largely on temperature, from less than 0.01% in extremely cold regions up to 3% by mass in saturated air at about 32 °C.
933	1	Greenhouse gas	48	(See Relative humidity#other important facts.)
934	1	Greenhouse gas	49	The average residence time of a water molecule in the atmosphere is only about nine days, compared to years or centuries for other greenhouse gases such as and .
935	1	Greenhouse gas	49	Thus, water vapor responds to and amplifies effects of the other greenhouse gases.
936	1	Greenhouse gas	49	The Clausius–Clapeyron relation establishes that more water vapor will be present per unit volume at elevated temperatures.
937	1	Greenhouse gas	49	This and other basic principles indicate that warming associated with increased concentrations of the other greenhouse gases also will increase the concentration of water vapor (assuming that the relative humidity remains approximately constant; modeling and observational studies find that this is indeed so).
938	1	Greenhouse gas	49	"Because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this results in further warming and so is a ""positive feedback"" that amplifies the original warming."
939	1	Greenhouse gas	49	Eventually other earth processes offset these positive feedbacks, stabilizing the global temperature at a new equilibrium and preventing the loss of Earth's water through a Venus-like runaway greenhouse effect.
940	1	Greenhouse gas	50	Between the period 1970 to 2004, greenhouse gas emissions (measured in -equivalent) increased at an average rate of 1.6% per year, with emissions from the use of fossil fuels growing at a rate of 1.9% per year.
941	1	Greenhouse gas	50	Total anthropogenic emissions at the end of 2009 were estimated at 49.5 gigatonnes -equivalent.
942	1	Greenhouse gas	50	These emissions include from fossil fuel use and from land use, as well as emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and other greenhouse gases covered by the Kyoto Protocol.
943	1	Greenhouse gas	51	At present, the primary source of emissions is the burning of coal, natural gas, and petroleum for electricity and heat.
944	1	Greenhouse gas	52	According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), GHG emissions in the United States can be traced from different sectors.
945	1	Greenhouse gas	53	There are several ways of measuring greenhouse gas emissions, for example, see World Bank (2010) for tables of national emissions data.
946	1	Greenhouse gas	53	Some variables that have been reported include:
947	1	Greenhouse gas	54	"These measures are sometimes used by countries to assert various policy/ethical positions on climate change (Banuri ""et al."
948	1	Greenhouse gas	54	, 1996, p. 94).
949	1	Greenhouse gas	54	The use of different measures leads to a lack of comparability, which is problematic when monitoring progress towards targets.
950	1	Greenhouse gas	54	There are arguments for the adoption of a common measurement tool, or at least the development of communication between different tools.
951	1	Greenhouse gas	55	Emissions may be measured over long time periods.
952	1	Greenhouse gas	55	This measurement type is called historical or cumulative emissions.
953	1	Greenhouse gas	55	Cumulative emissions give some indication of who is responsible for the build-up in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (IEA, 2007, p. 199).
954	1	Greenhouse gas	56	The national accounts balance would be positively related to carbon emissions.
955	1	Greenhouse gas	56	The national accounts balance shows the difference between exports and imports.
956	1	Greenhouse gas	56	For many richer nations, such as the United States, the accounts balance is negative because more goods are imported than they are exported.
957	1	Greenhouse gas	56	This is mostly due to the fact that it is cheaper to produce goods outside of developed countries, leading the economies of developed countries to become increasingly dependent on services and not goods.
958	1	Greenhouse gas	56	We believed that a positive accounts balance would means that more production was occurring in a country, so more factories working would increase carbon emission levels.
959	1	Greenhouse gas	57	Emissions may also be measured across shorter time periods.
960	1	Greenhouse gas	57	Emissions changes may, for example, be measured against a base year of 1990.
961	1	Greenhouse gas	57	1990 was used in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as the base year for emissions, and is also used in the Kyoto Protocol (some gases are also measured from the year 1995).
962	1	Greenhouse gas	57	A country's emissions may also be reported as a proportion of global emissions for a particular year.
963	1	Greenhouse gas	58	Another measurement is of per capita emissions.
964	1	Greenhouse gas	58	This divides a country's total annual emissions by its mid-year population.
965	1	Greenhouse gas	58	"Per capita emissions may be based on historical or annual emissions (Banuri ""et al."
966	1	Greenhouse gas	58	, 1996, pp.
967	1	Greenhouse gas	58	106–07).
968	1	Greenhouse gas	59	While cities are sometimes considered to be disproportionate contributors to emissions, per-capita emissions tend to be lower for cities than the averages in their countries.
969	1	Greenhouse gas	60	Land-use change, e.g., the clearing of forests for agricultural use, can affect the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by altering how much carbon flows out of the atmosphere into carbon sinks.
970	1	Greenhouse gas	60	"Accounting for land-use change can be understood as an attempt to measure ""net"" emissions, i.e., gross emissions from all sources minus the removal of emissions from the atmosphere by carbon sinks (Banuri ""et al."
971	1	Greenhouse gas	60	, 1996, pp.
972	1	Greenhouse gas	60	92–93).
973	1	Greenhouse gas	61	There are substantial uncertainties in the measurement of net carbon emissions.
974	1	Greenhouse gas	61	"Additionally, there is controversy over how carbon sinks should be allocated between different regions and over time (Banuri ""et al."
975	1	Greenhouse gas	61	, 1996, p. 93).
976	1	Greenhouse gas	61	For instance, concentrating on more recent changes in carbon sinks is likely to favour those regions that have deforested earlier, e.g., Europe.
977	1	Greenhouse gas	62	Greenhouse gas intensity is a ratio between greenhouse gas emissions and another metric, e.g., gross domestic product (GDP) or energy use.
978	1	Greenhouse gas	62	"The terms ""carbon intensity"" and ""emissions intensity"" are also sometimes used."
979	1	Greenhouse gas	62	"Emission intensities may be calculated using market exchange rates (MER) or purchasing power parity (PPP) (Banuri ""et al."
980	1	Greenhouse gas	62	, 1996, p. 96).
981	1	Greenhouse gas	62	Calculations based on MER show large differences in intensities between developed and developing countries, whereas calculations based on PPP show smaller differences.
982	1	Greenhouse gas	63	Cumulative anthropogenic (i.e., human-emitted) emissions of from fossil fuel use are a major cause of global warming, and give some indication of which countries have contributed most to human-induced climate change.
983	1	Greenhouse gas	64	"The table above to the left is based on Banuri ""et al."
984	1	Greenhouse gas	64	(1996, p. 94).
985	1	Greenhouse gas	64	Overall, developed countries accounted for 83.8% of industrial emissions over this time period, and 67.8% of total emissions.
986	1	Greenhouse gas	64	Developing countries accounted for industrial emissions of 16.2% over this time period, and 32.2% of total emissions.
987	1	Greenhouse gas	64	The estimate of total emissions includes biotic carbon emissions, mainly from deforestation.
988	1	Greenhouse gas	64	"Banuri ""et al."
989	1	Greenhouse gas	64	(1996, p. 94) calculated per capita cumulative emissions based on then-current population.
990	1	Greenhouse gas	64	The ratio in per capita emissions between industrialized countries and developing countries was estimated at more than 10 to 1.
991	1	Greenhouse gas	65	"Including biotic emissions brings about the same controversy mentioned earlier regarding carbon sinks and land-use change (Banuri ""et al."
992	1	Greenhouse gas	65	, 1996, pp.
993	1	Greenhouse gas	65	93–94).
994	1	Greenhouse gas	65	The actual calculation of net emissions is very complex, and is affected by how carbon sinks are allocated between regions and the dynamics of the climate system.
995	1	Greenhouse gas	66	Non-OECD countries accounted for 42% of cumulative energy-related emissions between 1890 and 2007.
996	1	Greenhouse gas	66	Over this time period, the US accounted for 28% of emissions; the EU, 23%; Russia, 11%; China, 9%; other OECD countries, 5%; Japan, 4%; India, 3%; and the rest of the world, 18%.
997	1	Greenhouse gas	67	Between 1970 and 2004, global growth in annual emissions was driven by North America, Asia, and the Middle East.
998	1	Greenhouse gas	67	The sharp acceleration in emissions since 2000 to more than a 3% increase per year (more than 2 ppm per year) from 1.1% per year during the 1990s is attributable to the lapse of formerly declining trends in carbon intensity of both developing and developed nations.
999	1	Greenhouse gas	67	China was responsible for most of global growth in emissions during this period.
1000	1	Greenhouse gas	67	Localised plummeting emissions associated with the collapse of the Soviet Union have been followed by slow emissions growth in this region due to more efficient energy use, made necessary by the increasing proportion of it that is exported.
1001	1	Greenhouse gas	67	In comparison, methane has not increased appreciably, and by 0.25% y.
1002	1	Greenhouse gas	68	Using different base years for measuring emissions has an effect on estimates of national contributions to global warming.
1003	1	Greenhouse gas	68	This can be calculated by dividing a country's highest contribution to global warming starting from a particular base year, by that country's minimum contribution to global warming starting from a particular base year.
1004	1	Greenhouse gas	68	Choosing between base years of 1750, 1900, 1950, and 1990 has a significant effect for most countries.
1005	1	Greenhouse gas	68	Within the G8 group of countries, it is most significant for the UK, France and Germany.
1006	1	Greenhouse gas	68	These countries have a long history of emissions (see the section on Cumulative and historical emissions).
1007	1	Greenhouse gas	69	Annual per capita emissions in the industrialized countries are typically as much as ten times the average in developing countries.
1008	1	Greenhouse gas	69	Due to China's fast economic development, its annual per capita emissions are quickly approaching the levels of those in the Annex I group of the Kyoto Protocol (i.e., the developed countries excluding the US).
1009	1	Greenhouse gas	69	Other countries with fast growing emissions are South Korea, Iran, and Australia (which apart from the oil rich Persian Gulf states, now has the highest percapita emission rate in the world).
1010	1	Greenhouse gas	69	On the other hand, annual per capita emissions of the EU-15 and the US are gradually decreasing over time.
1011	1	Greenhouse gas	69	Emissions in Russia and Ukraine have decreased fastest since 1990 due to economic restructuring in these countries.
1012	1	Greenhouse gas	70	Energy statistics for fast growing economies are less accurate than those for the industrialized countries.
1013	1	Greenhouse gas	70	For China's annual emissions in 2008, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency estimated an uncertainty range of about 10%.
1014	1	Greenhouse gas	71	The greenhouse gas footprint refers to the emissions resulting from the creation of products or services.
1015	1	Greenhouse gas	71	It is more comprehensive than the commonly used carbon footprint, which measures only carbon dioxide, one of many greenhouse gases.
1016	1	Greenhouse gas	72	2015 was the first year to see both total global economic growth and a reduction of carbon emissions.
1017	1	Greenhouse gas	73	In 2009, the annual top ten emitting countries accounted for about two-thirds of the world's annual energy-related emissions.
1018	1	Greenhouse gas	74	"One way of attributing greenhouse gas emissions is to measure the embedded emissions (also referred to as ""embodied emissions"") of goods that are being consumed."
1019	1	Greenhouse gas	74	Emissions are usually measured according to production, rather than consumption.
1020	1	Greenhouse gas	74	For example, in the main international treaty on climate change (the UNFCCC), countries report on emissions produced within their borders, e.g., the emissions produced from burning fossil fuels.
1021	1	Greenhouse gas	74	Under a production-based accounting of emissions, embedded emissions on imported goods are attributed to the exporting, rather than the importing, country.
1022	1	Greenhouse gas	74	Under a consumption-based accounting of emissions, embedded emissions on imported goods are attributed to the importing country, rather than the exporting, country.
1023	1	Greenhouse gas	75	Davis and Caldeira (2010) found that a substantial proportion of emissions are traded internationally.
1024	1	Greenhouse gas	75	The net effect of trade was to export emissions from China and other emerging markets to consumers in the US, Japan, and Western Europe.
1025	1	Greenhouse gas	75	Based on annual emissions data from the year 2004, and on a per-capita consumption basis, the top-5 emitting countries were found to be (in t per person, per year): Luxembourg (34.7), the US (22.0), Singapore (20.2), Australia (16.7), and Canada (16.6).
1026	1	Greenhouse gas	75	Carbon Trust research revealed that approximately 25% of all emissions from human activities 'flow' (i.e., are imported or exported) from one country to another.
1027	1	Greenhouse gas	75	Major developed economies were found to be typically net importers of embodied carbon emissions—with UK consumption emissions 34% higher than production emissions, and Germany (29%), Japan (19%) and the US (13%) also significant net importers of embodied emissions.
1028	1	Greenhouse gas	76	Governments have taken action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change.
1029	1	Greenhouse gas	76	Assessments of policy effectiveness have included work by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International Energy Agency, and United Nations Environment Programme.
1030	1	Greenhouse gas	76	Policies implemented by governments have included national and regional targets to reduce emissions, promoting energy efficiency, and support for renewable energy such as Solar energy as an effective use of renewable energy because solar uses energy from the sun and does not release pollutants into the air.
1031	1	Greenhouse gas	77	Countries and regions listed in Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (i.e., the OECD and former planned economies of the Soviet Union) are required to submit periodic assessments to the UNFCCC of actions they are taking to address climate change.
1032	1	Greenhouse gas	77	Analysis by the UNFCCC (2011) suggested that policies and measures undertaken by Annex I Parties may have produced emission savings of 1.5 thousand Tg -eq in the year 2010, with most savings made in the energy sector.
1033	1	Greenhouse gas	77	"The projected emissions saving of 1.5 thousand Tg -eq is measured against a hypothetical ""baseline"" of Annex I emissions, i.e., projected Annex I emissions in the absence of policies and measures."
1034	1	Greenhouse gas	77	The total projected Annex I saving of 1.5 thousand -eq does not include emissions savings in seven of the Annex I Parties.
1035	1	Greenhouse gas	78	A wide range of projections of future emissions have been produced.
1036	1	Greenhouse gas	78	"Rogner ""et al."
1037	1	Greenhouse gas	78	(2007) assessed the scientific literature on greenhouse gas projections.
1038	1	Greenhouse gas	78	"Rogner ""et al."
1039	1	Greenhouse gas	78	(2007) concluded that unless energy policies changed substantially, the world would continue to depend on fossil fuels until 2025–2030.
1040	1	Greenhouse gas	78	Projections suggest that more than 80% of the world's energy will come from fossil fuels.
1041	1	Greenhouse gas	78	"This conclusion was based on ""much evidence"" and ""high agreement"" in the literature."
1042	1	Greenhouse gas	78	Projected annual energy-related emissions in 2030 were 40–110% higher than in 2000, with two-thirds of the increase originating in developing countries.
1043	1	Greenhouse gas	78	Projected annual per capita emissions in developed country regions remained substantially lower (2.8–5.1 tonnes ) than those in developed country regions (9.6–15.1 tonnes ).
1044	1	Greenhouse gas	78	"Projections consistently showed increase in annual world emissions of ""Kyoto"" gases, measured in -equivalent) of 25–90% by 2030, compared to 2000."
1045	1	Greenhouse gas	79	One liter of gasoline, when used as a fuel, produces (about 1300 liters or 1.3 cubic meters) of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.
1046	1	Greenhouse gas	79	One US gallon produces 19.4 lb (1,291.5 gallons or 172.65 cubic feet)
1047	1	Greenhouse gas	80	A 2011 IPCC report included a literature review of numerous energy sources' total life cycle emissions.
1048	1	Greenhouse gas	80	Below are the emission values that fell at the 50th percentile of all studies surveyed.
1049	1	Greenhouse gas	81	Greenhouse gases can be removed from the atmosphere by various processes, as a consequence of:
1050	1	Greenhouse gas	82	A number of technologies remove greenhouse gases emissions from the atmosphere.
1051	1	Greenhouse gas	82	Most widely analysed are those that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, either to geologic formations such as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage and carbon dioxide air capture, or to the soil as in the case with biochar.
1052	1	Greenhouse gas	82	The IPCC has pointed out that many long-term climate scenario models require large-scale manmade negative emissions to avoid serious climate change.
1053	1	Greenhouse gas	83	"In the late 19th century scientists experimentally discovered that and do not absorb infrared radiation (called, at that time, ""dark radiation""), while water (both as true vapor and condensed in the form of microscopic droplets suspended in clouds) and and other poly-atomic gaseous molecules do absorb infrared radiation."
1054	1	Greenhouse gas	83	In the early 20th century researchers realized that greenhouse gases in the atmosphere made Earth's overall temperature higher than it would be without them.
1055	1	Greenhouse gas	83	During the late 20th century, a scientific consensus evolved that increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere cause a substantial rise in global temperatures and changes to other parts of the climate system, with consequences for the environment and for human health.
1056	1	Austin Mast	1	Austin R. Mast is a research botanist.
1057	1	Austin Mast	1	Born in 1972, he obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 2000.
1058	1	Austin Mast	1	He is currently an associate professor within the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University (FSU), and has been director of FSU's Robert K. Godfrey Herbarium since August 2003.
1059	1	Austin Mast	2	One of his main areas of research is the phylogenetics of Grevilleoideae, a subfamily of Proteaceae.
1060	1	Austin Mast	2	"In 2005 he showed the genus ""Banksia"" to be paraphyletic with respect to ""Dryandra"", Collaborating with Australian botanist Kevin Thiele, he subsequently transferred all ""Dryandra"" taxa to ""Banksia"", publishing over 120 taxonomic names in the process."
1061	1	Austin Mast	2	The change has been adopted by the Western Australian Herbarium, although has met with some controversy.
1062	1	Austin Mast	3	He has recently started work on the Deep South Plant Specimen Imaging Project, which seeks to create a repository of annotated high-resolution digital images of plant specimens within the East Gulf Coastal Plain, a region with a very high diversity of rare and endangered plants.
1063	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	1	This is a list of scientists who have made statements that conflict with the scientific consensus on global warming as summarized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and endorsed by other scientific bodies.
1064	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	1	A minority are climatologists.
1065	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	1	Nearly all publishing climate scientists (97–98%) support the consensus on anthropogenic climate change.
1066	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	2	The scientific consensus is that the global average surface temperature has risen over the past century.
1067	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	2	Scientific opinion on climate change was summarized in the 2001 Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
1068	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	2	The main conclusions on global warming at that time were as follows:
1069	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	3	These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized nations; the consensus has strengthened over time and is now virtually unanimous.
1070	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	3	The level of consensus correlates with expertise in climate science.
1071	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	4	There have been several efforts to compile lists of dissenting scientists, including a 2008 US senate minority report, the Oregon Petition, and a 2007 list by the Heartland Institute, all three of which have been criticized on a number of grounds.
1072	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	"For the purpose of this list, a ""scientist"" is defined as an individual who has published at least one peer-reviewed research article in the broad field of natural sciences, although not necessarily in a field relevant to climatology."
1073	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	Since the publication of the IPCC Third Assessment Report, each has made a clear statement in his or her own words (as opposed to the name being found on a petition, etc.)
1074	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	disagreeing with one or more of the report's three main conclusions, and each has been described in reliable sources as a climate skeptic, denier, or in disagreement with any of the three main conclusions.
1075	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	Their views on climate change are usually described in more detail in their biographical articles.
1076	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	5	Few of the statements in the references for this list are part of the peer-reviewed scientific literature; most are from other sources such as interviews, opinion pieces, online essays and presentations.
1077	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	6	"Nota bene"": Only individuals who have their own Wikipedia article may be included in the list."
1078	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	7	These scientists have said that it is not possible to project global climate accurately enough to justify the ranges projected for temperature and sea-level rise over the 21st century.
1079	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	7	They may not conclude specifically that the current IPCC projections are either too high or too low, but that the projections are likely to be inaccurate due to inadequacies of current global climate modeling.
1080	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	9	These scientists have said that the observed warming is more likely to be attributable to natural causes than to human activities.
1081	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	9	Their views on climate change are usually described in more detail in their biographical articles.
1082	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	11	These scientists have said that no principal cause can be ascribed to the observed rising temperatures, whether man-made or natural.
1083	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	13	These scientists have said that projected rising temperatures will be of little impact or a net positive for society or the environment.
1084	1	List of scientists who disagree with the scientific consensus on global warming	15	These scientists published material indicating their opposition to the mainstream scientific assessment of global warming prior to their deaths.
1085	1	Tipping points in the climate system	1	A tipping point in the climate system is a threshold that, when exceeded, can lead to large changes in the state of the system.
1086	1	Tipping points in the climate system	1	Potential tipping points have been identified in the physical climate system, in impacted ecosystems, and sometimes in both.
1087	1	Tipping points in the climate system	1	For instance, feedback from the global carbon cycle is a driver for the transition between glacial and interglacial periods, with orbital forcing providing the initial trigger.
1088	1	Tipping points in the climate system	1	Earth's geologic temperature record includes many more examples of geologically rapid transitions between different climate states.
1089	1	Tipping points in the climate system	2	Climate tipping points are of particular interest in reference to concerns about climate change in the modern era.
1090	1	Tipping points in the climate system	2	Possible tipping point behaviour has been identified for the global mean surface temperature by studying self-reinforcing feedbacks and the past behavior of Earth's climate system.
1091	1	Tipping points in the climate system	2	Self-reinforcing feedbacks in the carbon cycle and planetary reflectivity could trigger a cascading set of tipping points that lead the world into a hothouse climate state.
1092	1	Tipping points in the climate system	3	Large-scale components of the Earth system that may pass a tipping point have been referred to as tipping elements.
1093	1	Tipping points in the climate system	3	Tipping elements are found in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, possibly causing tens of meters of sea level rise.
1094	1	Tipping points in the climate system	3	These tipping points are not always abrupt.
1095	1	Tipping points in the climate system	3	For example, at some level of temperature rise the melt of a large part of the Greenland ice sheet and/or West Antarctic Ice Sheet will become inevitable; but the ice sheet itself may persist for many centuries.
1096	1	Tipping points in the climate system	3	Some tipping elements, like the collapse of ecosystems, are irreversible.
1097	1	Tipping points in the climate system	4	"The ""IPCC AR5"" defines a tipping point as an irreversible change in the climate system."
1098	1	Tipping points in the climate system	4	It states that the precise levels of climate change sufficient to trigger a tipping point remain uncertain, but that the risk associated with crossing multiple tipping points increases with rising temperature.
1099	1	Tipping points in the climate system	4	A more broad definition of tipping points is sometimes used as well, which includes abrupt but reversible tipping points.
1100	1	Tipping points in the climate system	5	In mathematics tipping points have been characterised into three types dependent on the underlying mechanisms:
1101	1	Tipping points in the climate system	7	"In the context of climate change, an ""adaptation tipping point"" has been defined as ""the threshold value or specific boundary condition where ecological, technical, economic, spatial or socially acceptable limits are exceeded."
1102	1	Tipping points in the climate system	8	There are many positive and negative feedbacks to global temperatures and the carbon cycle that have been identified.
1103	1	Tipping points in the climate system	8	The IPCC reports that feedbacks to increased temperatures are net positive for the remainder of this century, with the impact of cloud cover the largest uncertainty.
1104	1	Tipping points in the climate system	8	IPCC carbon cycle models show higher ocean uptake of carbon corresponding to higher concentration pathways, but land carbon uptake is uncertain due to the combined effect of climate change and land use changes.
1105	1	Tipping points in the climate system	9	The geologic record of temperature and greenhouse gas concentration allows climate scientists to gather information on climate feedbacks that lead to different climate states, such as the Late Quaternary (past 1.2 million years), the Pliocene period five million years ago and the Cretaceous period, 100 million years ago.
1106	1	Tipping points in the climate system	9	"Combining this information with the understanding of current climate change resulted in the finding that ""A 2 °C warming could activate important tipping elements, raising the temperature further to activate other tipping elements in a domino-like cascade that could take the Earth System to even higher temperatures""."
1107	1	Tipping points in the climate system	10	The speed of tipping point feedbacks is a critical concern and the geologic record often fails to provide clarity as to whether past temperature changes have taken only a few decades or many millennia of time.
1108	1	Tipping points in the climate system	10	For instance, a tipping point that was once feared to be abrupt and overwhelming is the release of clathrate compounds buried in seabeds and seabed permafrost, but that feedback is now thought to be chronic and long term.
1109	1	Tipping points in the climate system	11	Some individual feedbacks may be strong enough to trigger tipping points on their own.
1110	1	Tipping points in the climate system	11	A 2019 study predicts that if greenhouse gases reach three times the current level of atmospheric carbon dioxide that stratocumulus clouds could abruptly disperse, contributing an additional 8 degrees Celsius of warming.
1111	1	Tipping points in the climate system	12	The runaway greenhouse effect is used in astronomical circles to refer to a greenhouse effect that is so extreme that oceans boil away and render a planet uninhabitable, an irreversible climate state that happened on Venus.
1112	1	Tipping points in the climate system	12	"The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report states that ""a 'runaway greenhouse effect'—analogous to Venus—appears to have virtually no chance of being induced by anthropogenic activities."
1113	1	Tipping points in the climate system	12	Venus-like conditions on the Earth require a large long-term forcing that is unlikely to occur until the sun brightens by a few tens of percents, which will take a few billion years.
1114	1	Tipping points in the climate system	13	"While a runaway greenhouse effect on Earth is virtually impossible, there are indications that Earth could enter a ""moist greenhouse"" state that renders large parts of Earth uninhabitable if the climate forcing is large enough to make water vapour (HO) a major atmospheric constituent."
1115	1	Tipping points in the climate system	13	Conceivable levels of human-made climate forcing would increase water vapour to about 1% of the atmosphere's mass, thus increasing the rate of hydrogen escape to space.
1116	1	Tipping points in the climate system	13	If such a forcing were entirely due to CO, the weathering process would remove the excess atmospheric CO well before the ocean was significantly depleted.
1117	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	A smooth or abrupt change in temperature can trigger global-scale tipping points.
1118	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	In the cryosphere these include the irreversible melting of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets.
1119	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	In Greenland, a positive feedback cycle exists between melting and surface elevation.
1120	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	At lower elevations, temperatures are higher, leading to additional melting.
1121	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	This feedback loop can become so strong that irreversible melting occurs.
1122	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	Marine ice sheet instability could trigger a tipping point in West Antarctica.
1123	1	Tipping points in the climate system	14	Crossing either of these tipping points leads to accelerated global sea level rise.
1124	1	Tipping points in the climate system	15	When fresh water gets released as a consequence of Greenland melting, a threshold may be crossed which leads to disruption of the thermohaline circulation.
1125	1	Tipping points in the climate system	15	The thermohaline circulation transports heat northward which is important for temperature regulation in the Atlantic region.
1126	1	Tipping points in the climate system	15	Risks for a complete shutdown are low to moderate under the Paris agreement levels of warming.
1127	1	Tipping points in the climate system	16	Other examples of possible large scale tipping elements are a shift in El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
1128	1	Tipping points in the climate system	16	After crossing a tipping point, the warm phase (El Niño) would start to occur more often.
1129	1	Tipping points in the climate system	16	Lastly, the southern ocean, which now absorbs a lot of carbon, might switch to a state where it does not do this anymore.
1130	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Climate change can trigger regional tipping points as well.
1131	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Examples are the disappearance of Arctic sea ice, the establishment of woody species in tundra, permafrost loss, the collapse of the monsoon of South Asia and a strengthening of the West African monsoon which would lead to greening of the Sahara and Sahel.
1132	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Deforestation may trigger a tipping point in rainforests (i.e.
1133	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Savannization in the Amazon rainforest, ...).
1134	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	As rain forests recycle a large part of their rainfall, when a portion of the forest is destroyed local droughts may threaten the remainder.
1135	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Finally, boreal forests are considered a tipping element as well.
1136	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	Local warming causes trees to die at a higher rate than before, in proportion to the rise in temperature.
1137	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	As more trees die, the woodland becomes more open, leading to further warming and making forests more susceptible to fire.
1138	1	Tipping points in the climate system	17	The tipping point is difficult to predict, but is estimated to be between 3–4 °C of global temperature rise.
1139	1	Tipping points in the climate system	18	Crossing a threshold in one part of the climate system may trigger another tipping element to tip into a new state.
1140	1	Tipping points in the climate system	18	These are so-called cascading tipping points.
1141	1	Tipping points in the climate system	18	Ice loss in West Antarctica and Greenland will significantly alter ocean circulation.
1142	1	Tipping points in the climate system	18	Sustained warming of the northern high latitudes as a result of this process could activate tipping elements in that region, such as permafrost degradation, loss of Arctic sea ice, and Boreal forest dieback.
1143	1	Tipping points in the climate system	18	This illustrates that even at relatively low levels of global warming, relatively stable tipping elements may be activated.
1144	1	Tipping points in the climate system	19	For some of the tipping points described above, it may be possible to detect whether that part of the climate system is getting closer to a tipping point.
1145	1	Tipping points in the climate system	19	All parts of the climate system are sometimes disturbed by weather events.
1146	1	Tipping points in the climate system	19	After the disruption, the system moves back to its equilibrium.
1147	1	Tipping points in the climate system	19	A storm may damage sea ice, which grows back after the storm has passed.
1148	1	Tipping points in the climate system	19	If a system is getting closer to tipping, this restoration to its normal state might take increasingly longer, which can be used as a warning sign of tipping.
1149	1	Tipping points in the climate system	20	A 2019 UNEP study indicates that now at least for the Arctic and the Greenland ice sheet a tipping point has already been reached.
1150	1	Tipping points in the climate system	20	Because of dewing of permafrost soil, more methane (in addition to other short-lived climate pollutant) could enter the atmosphere earlier than previously predicted and the loss of reflecting ice shields has started a powerful positive feedback loop leading to ever higher temperatures.
1151	1	Tipping points in the climate system	20	The resulting accelerating climate instability in the polar region has potential to affect the global climate, outdating previous predictions about the point in the future when global tipping will occur.
1152	1	Tipping points in the climate system	21	In June 2019, satellite images from around the Arctic showed burning fires that are farther north and of greater magnitude than at any time in the 16-year satellite record, and some of the fires appear to have ignited peat soils.
1153	1	Tipping points in the climate system	21	Peat is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation and is an efficient carbon sink.
1154	1	Tipping points in the climate system	21	Scientists are concerned because the long-lasting peat fires release their stored carbon back to the atmosphere, contributing to further warming.
1155	1	Tipping points in the climate system	21	The fires in June 2019, for example, released as much carbon dioxide as Sweden's annual greenhouse gas emissions.
1156	1	Tipping points in the climate system	22	If the climate tips into a hothouse Earth scenario, some scientists warn of food and water shortages, hundreds of millions of people being displaced by rising sea levels, unhealthy and unlivable conditions, and coastal storms having larger impacts.
1157	1	Tipping points in the climate system	22	Runaway climate change of 4–5 °C can make swathes of the planet around the equator uninhabitable, with sea levels up to 60 metres (197 ft) higher than they are today.
1158	1	Tipping points in the climate system	22	Humans cannot survive if the air is too moist and hot, which would happen for the majority of human populations if global temperatures rise by 11–12 °C, as land masses warm faster than the global average.
1159	1	Tipping points in the climate system	22	"Effects like these have been popularized in books like ""The Uninhabitable Earth"" and ""The End of Nature""."
1160	1	Ilulissat Declaration	1	The Ilulissat Declaration was announced on May 28, 2008 by the five coastal states of the Arctic Ocean (United States, Russia, Canada, Norway and The Kingdom of Denmark), meeting at the political level during the Arctic Ocean Conference in Ilulissat, Greenland to discuss the Arctic ocean, climate change, the protection of the marine environment, maritime safety, and division of emergency responsibilities if new shipping routes are opened.
1161	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	"One of the chief goals written into the declaration was blockage of any ""new comprehensive international legal regime to govern the Arctic Ocean""."
1162	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	"An additional pledge for ""the orderly settlement of any possible overlapping claims,"" was expected as the conference invitation originated in 2007 as a consequence of several jurisdictional disputes, including Hans Island and Arktika 2007.<br>"
1163	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	Because the objective of the meeting was to discuss legal regimes and jurisdictional issues in the Arctic Ocean, only the five coastal states of that ocean were invited.
1164	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	"The Arctic Council, being the only circumpolar Arctic international forum, which also includes the three Arctic states that do ""not"" border the Arctic Ocean (Sweden, Finland and Iceland) was deliberately not used as a forum."
1165	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	These three states are therefore not a party to the Ilulissat Declaration.
1166	1	Ilulissat Declaration	2	Likewise, the Arctic indigenous peoples, who have a prominent position within the Arctic Council, were not involved in the Ilulissat negotiations.
1167	1	Ilulissat Declaration	3	The conference, held May 27 to May 29, 2008, was hosted by Per Stig Møller, Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Hans Enoksen, Greenlandic Prime Minister.
1168	1	Ilulissat Declaration	3	The key ministerial level attendees included Sergey Lavrov, Russian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Jonas Gahr Støre, Norwegian Minister for Foreign Affairs, Gary Lunn, Canadian Minister for Natural Resources, and John Negroponte, American Deputy Secretary of State.
1169	1	Climate Code Red	1	Climate Code Red: The Case for Emergency Action is a 2008 book which presents scientific evidence that the global warming crisis is worse than official reports and national governments have so far indicated.
1170	1	Climate Code Red	1	"The book argues that we are facing a ""sustainability emergency"" that requires a clear break from business-as-usual politics."
1171	1	Climate Code Red	1	The authors explain that emergency action to address climate change is not so much a radical idea as an indispensable course we must embark upon.
1172	1	Climate Code Red	1	"Climate Code Red"" draws heavily on the work of a large number of climate scientists, including James E. Hansen."
1173	1	Climate Code Red	2	"The key themes of ""Climate Code Red"" are:"
1174	1	Climate Code Red	3	Co-author David Spratt is a Melbourne businessman, climate-policy analyst, and co-founder of the Carbon Equity network, and director of the Breakthrough - National Centre for Climate Restoration.
1175	1	Climate Code Red	3	Co-author Philip Sutton is convener of the Greenleap Strategic Institute and Assistant Convenor of the Climate Emergency Network.
1176	1	Climate Code Red	4	The book was launched by the Governor of Victoria, Professor David de Kretser in Parliament House in Melbourne, Victoria, on July 17, 2008.
1177	1	Atmospheric methane	1	Atmospheric methane is the methane present in Earth's atmosphere.
1178	1	Atmospheric methane	1	Atmospheric methane concentrations are of interest because it is one of the most potent greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere.
1179	1	Atmospheric methane	1	Atmospheric methane is rising.
1180	1	Atmospheric methane	2	The 20-year global warming potential of methane is 84.
1181	1	Atmospheric methane	2	That is, over a 20-year period, it traps 84 times more heat per mass unit than carbon dioxide and 32 times the effect when accounting for aerosol interactions.
1182	1	Atmospheric methane	2	Global methane concentrations rose from 722 parts per billion (ppb) in pre-industrial times to 1866 ppb by 2019, an increase by a factor of 2.5 and the highest value in at least 800,000 years.
1183	1	Atmospheric methane	2	Its concentration is higher in the Northern Hemisphere since most sources (both natural and human) are located on land and the Northern Hemisphere has more land mass.
1184	1	Atmospheric methane	2	The concentrations vary seasonally, with, for example, a minimum in the northern tropics during April−May mainly due to removal by the hydroxyl radical.
1185	1	Atmospheric methane	3	Early in the Earth's history carbon dioxide and methane likely produced a greenhouse effect.
1186	1	Atmospheric methane	3	The carbon dioxide would have been produced by volcanoes and the methane by early microbes.
1187	1	Atmospheric methane	3	During this time, Earth's earliest life appeared.
1188	1	Atmospheric methane	3	These first, ancient bacteria added to the methane concentration by converting hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane and water.
1189	1	Atmospheric methane	3	Oxygen did not become a major part of the atmosphere until photosynthetic organisms evolved later in Earth's history.
1190	1	Atmospheric methane	3	With no oxygen, methane stayed in the atmosphere longer and at higher concentrations than it does today.
1191	1	Atmospheric methane	4	The known sources of methane are predominantly located near the Earth's surface.
1192	1	Atmospheric methane	4	In combination with vertical atmospheric motions and methane's relatively long lifetime, methane is considered to be a well-mixed gas.
1193	1	Atmospheric methane	4	In other words, the concentration of methane is taken to be constant with respect to height within the troposphere.
1194	1	Atmospheric methane	4	The dominant sink of methane in the troposphere is reaction with hydroxyl radicals that are formed by reaction of singlet oxygen atoms with water vapor.
1195	1	Atmospheric methane	4	Methane is also present in the stratosphere, where methane's concentration decreases with height.
1196	1	Atmospheric methane	5	Methane in the Earth's atmosphere is a strong greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 104 times greater than CO in a 20-year time frame; methane is not as persistent a gas as CO and tails off to about GWP of 28 for a 100-year time frame.
1197	1	Atmospheric methane	5	This means that a methane emission will have 28 times the impact on temperature of a carbon dioxide emission of the same mass over the following 100 years.
1198	1	Atmospheric methane	5	Methane has a large effect but for a relatively brief period, having an estimated lifetime of 9.1 years in the atmosphere, whereas carbon dioxide has a small effect for a long period, having an estimated lifetime of over 100 years.
1199	1	Atmospheric methane	6	The globally averaged concentration of methane in Earth's atmosphere increased by about 150 percent from 722 ± 25 ppb in 1750 to 1803.2 ± 1.2 ppb in 2011.
1200	1	Atmospheric methane	6	As of 2011, methane contributed radiative forcing of 0.48 ± 0.05 Wm , or about 17% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases.
1201	1	Atmospheric methane	6	According to NOAA, the atmospheric methane concentration has continued to increase since 2011 to an average global concentration of 1850.5 ppb as of July 2018.
1202	1	Atmospheric methane	6	The May 2018 peak was 1854.8 ppb, while the May 2019 peak was 1862.8 ppb, a .3% increase.
1203	1	Atmospheric methane	8	The balance between sources and sinks of methane is not yet fully understood.
1204	1	Atmospheric methane	8	"The IPCC Working Group I stated in chapter 2 of the Fourth Assessment Report that there are ""large uncertainties in the current bottom-up estimates of components of the global source"", and the balance between sources and sinks is not yet well known."
1205	1	Atmospheric methane	8	The most important sink in the methane cycle is reaction with the hydroxyl radical, which is produced photochemically in the atmosphere.
1206	1	Atmospheric methane	8	Production of this radical is not fully understood and has a large effect on atmospheric concentrations.
1207	1	Atmospheric methane	8	This uncertainty is exemplified by observations that have shown between the year 2000 and 2006 increases in atmospheric concentration of methane ceased, for reasons still being investigated.
1208	1	Atmospheric methane	9	Various sources give the following values for methane emissions:
1209	1	Atmospheric methane	10	"Any process that results in the production of methane and its release into the atmosphere can be considered a ""source."
1210	1	Atmospheric methane	10	The two main processes that are responsible for methane production occur as a result of microorganisms anaerobically converting organic compounds into methane.
1211	1	Atmospheric methane	11	Most ecological emissions of methane relate directly to methanogens generating methane in warm, moist soils as well as in the digestive tracts of certain animals.
1212	1	Atmospheric methane	11	Methanogens are methane producing microorganisms.
1213	1	Atmospheric methane	11	In order to produce energy, they use an anaerobic process called methanogenesis.
1214	1	Atmospheric methane	11	This process is used in lieu of aerobic, or with oxygen, processes because methanogens are unable to metabolise in the presence of even small concentrations of oxygen.
1215	1	Atmospheric methane	11	When acetate is broken down in methanogenesis, the result is the release of methane into the surrounding environment.
1216	1	Atmospheric methane	12	"Methanogenesis"", the scientific term for methane production, occurs primarily in anaerobic conditions because of the lack of availability of other oxidants."
1217	1	Atmospheric methane	12	In these conditions, microscopic organisms called archaea use acetate and hydrogen to break down essential resources in a process called fermentation.
1218	1	Atmospheric methane	13	"Acetoclastic methanogenesis"" – certain archaea cleave acetate produced during anaerobic fermentation to yield methane and carbon dioxide."
1219	1	Atmospheric methane	14	"Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis"" – archaea oxidize hydrogen with carbon dioxide to yield methane and water."
1220	1	Atmospheric methane	15	While acetoclastic methanogenesis and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis are the two major source reactions for atmospheric methane, other minor biological methane source reactions also occur.
1221	1	Atmospheric methane	15	For example, it has been discovered that leaf surface wax exposed to UV radiation in the presence of oxygen is an aerobic source of methane.
1222	1	Atmospheric methane	16	Wetlands account for approximately 20 percent of atmospheric methane through emissions from soils and plants.
1223	1	Atmospheric methane	16	Wetlands counteract the sinking action that normally occurs with soil because of the high water table.
1224	1	Atmospheric methane	16	The level of the water table represents the boundary between anaerobic methane production and aerobic methane consumption.
1225	1	Atmospheric methane	16	When the water table is low, the methane generated within the wetland soil has to come up through the soil and get past a deeper layer of methanotrophic bacteria, thereby reducing emission.
1226	1	Atmospheric methane	16	Methane transport by vascular plants can bypass this aerobic layer, thus increasing emission.
1227	1	Atmospheric methane	17	Ruminant animals, particularly cows and sheep, contain bacteria in their gastrointestinal systems that help to break down plant material.
1228	1	Atmospheric methane	17	"Some of these microorganisms use the acetate from the plant material to produce methane, and because these bacteria live in the stomachs and intestines of ruminants, whenever the animal ""burps"" or defecates, it emits methane as well."
1229	1	Atmospheric methane	17	Based upon a study in the Snowy Mountains region, the amount of methane emitted by one cow is equivalent to the amount of methane that around 3.4 hectares of methanotrophic bacteria can consume.
1230	1	Atmospheric methane	18	Termites also contain methanogenic microorganisms in their gut.
1231	1	Atmospheric methane	18	However, some of these microorganisms are so unique that they live nowhere else in the world except in the third gut of termites.
1232	1	Atmospheric methane	18	These microorganisms also break down biotic components to produce ethanol, as well as methane byproduct.
1233	1	Atmospheric methane	18	However, unlike ruminants who lose 20 percent of the energy from the plants they eat, termites only lose 2 percent of their energy in the process.
1234	1	Atmospheric methane	18	Thus comparatively, termites do not have to eat as much food as ruminants to obtain the same amount of energy, and give off proportionally less methane.
1235	1	Atmospheric methane	19	Living plants (e.g.
1236	1	Atmospheric methane	19	forests) have recently been identified as a potentially important source of methane, possibly being responsible for approximately 10 to 30 percent of atmospheric methane.
1237	1	Atmospheric methane	19	"A 2006 paper calculated emissions of 62–236 Tg a, and ""this newly identified source may have important implications""."
1238	1	Atmospheric methane	19	"However the authors stress """"our findings are preliminary with regard to the methane emission strength""""."
1239	1	Atmospheric methane	20	"These findings have been called into question in a 2007 paper which found """"there is no evidence for substantial aerobic methane emission by terrestrial plants, maximally 0.3% of the previously published values""""."
1240	1	Atmospheric methane	21	While the details of plant methane emissions have yet to be confirmed, plants as a significant methane source would help fill in the gaps of previous global methane budgets as well as explain large plumes of methane that have been observed over the tropics.
1241	1	Atmospheric methane	22	In wetlands, where the rate of methane production is high, plants help methane travel into the atmosphere—acting like inverted lightning rods as they direct the gas up through the soil and into the air.
1242	1	Atmospheric methane	22	They are also suspected to produce methane themselves, but because the plants would have to use aerobic conditions to produce methane, the process itself is still unidentified.
1243	1	Atmospheric methane	23	At high pressures, such as are found on the bottom of the ocean, methane forms a solid clathrate with water, known as methane hydrate.
1244	1	Atmospheric methane	23	An unknown, but possibly very large quantity of methane is trapped in this form in ocean sediments.
1245	1	Atmospheric methane	23	The release of large volumes of methane gas from such sediments into the atmosphere has been suggested as a possible cause for rapid global warming events in the Earth's distant past, such as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum of 55 million years ago, and the Great Dying.
1246	1	Atmospheric methane	24	Theories suggest that should global warming cause them to heat up sufficiently, all of this methane gas could again be released into the atmosphere.
1247	1	Atmospheric methane	24	Since methane gas is twenty-five times stronger (for a given weight, averaged over 100 years) than as a greenhouse gas; this would immensely magnify the greenhouse effect.
1248	1	Atmospheric methane	24	However, most of this reservoir of hydrates appears isolated from changes to the surface climate, so any such release is likely to happen over geological timescales of a millennium or more.
1249	1	Atmospheric methane	25	Methane that gets frozen in permafrost – land that is frozen for several years at a time – is slowly released from bogs as the permafrost melts.
1250	1	Atmospheric methane	25	With rising global temperatures, the amount of permafrost melting and releasing methane continues to increase.
1251	1	Atmospheric methane	26	Although records of permafrost are limited, recent years (1999 to 2007) have seen record thawing of permafrost in Alaska and Siberia.
1252	1	Atmospheric methane	26	Measurements during 2006 in Siberia show that the methane released is five times greater than previously estimated.
1253	1	Atmospheric methane	26	Melting yedoma, a type of permafrost, is a significant source of atmospheric methane (about 4 Tg of CH per year).
1254	1	Atmospheric methane	27	The Woods Hole Research Center, citing two 2015 studies on permafrost carbon says there may be a self-reinforcing tipping point where an estimated equivalent of 205 gigatons of carbon dioxide in the form of methane could cause up to 0.5 °C (up to 0.9 °F) warming by the end of the century, which would trigger more warming.
1255	1	Atmospheric methane	27	Permafrost contains almost twice as much carbon as is present in the atmosphere.
1256	1	Atmospheric methane	27	The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change does not adequately account for arctic methane in permafrost.
1257	1	Atmospheric methane	28	Slightly over half of the total emission is due to human activity.
1258	1	Atmospheric methane	28	Since the Industrial Revolution humans have had a major impact on concentrations of atmospheric methane, increasing atmospheric concentrations roughly 250%.
1259	1	Atmospheric methane	29	Conversion of forests and natural environments into agricultural plots increases the amount of nitrogen in the soil, which inhibits methane oxidation, weakening the ability of the methanotrophic bacteria in the soil to act as sinks.
1260	1	Atmospheric methane	29	Additionally, by changing the level of the water table, humans can directly affect the soil's ability to act as a source or sink.
1261	1	Atmospheric methane	29	The relationship between water table levels and methane emission is explained in the wetlands section of natural sources.
1262	1	Atmospheric methane	30	A 2006 UN FAO report reported that livestock generate more greenhouse gases as measured in CO equivalents than the entire transportation sector.
1263	1	Atmospheric methane	30	Livestock accounts for 9 percent of anthropogenic CO, 65 percent of anthropogenic nitrous oxide and 37 percent of anthropogenic methane.
1264	1	Atmospheric methane	30	"A senior UN official and co-author of the report, Henning Steinfeld, said ""Livestock are one of the most significant contributors to today's most serious environmental problems."
1265	1	Atmospheric methane	31	Recent NASA research has confirmed the vital role of enteric fermentation in livestock on global warming.
1266	1	Atmospheric methane	31	"We understand that other greenhouse gases apart from carbon dioxide are important for climate change today,"" said Gavin Schmidt, the lead author of the study and a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York, NY and Columbia University's Center for Climate Systems Research."
1267	1	Atmospheric methane	31	"Other recent peer reviewed NASA research published in the journal ""Science"" has also indicated that the contribution of methane to global warming has been underestimated."
1268	1	Atmospheric methane	32	"Nicholas Stern, the author of the 2006 Stern Review on climate change has stated ""people will need to turn vegetarian if the world is to conquer climate change""."
1269	1	Atmospheric methane	32	"President of the National Academy of Sciences Ralph Cicerone (an atmospheric scientist), has indicated the contribution of methane by livestock flatulence and eructation to global warming is a ""serious topic."
1270	1	Atmospheric methane	32	"Cicerone states ""Methane is the second-most-important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere now."
1271	1	Atmospheric methane	32	The population of beef cattle and dairy cattle has grown so much that methane from cows now is big.
1272	1	Atmospheric methane	32	This is not a trivial issue.
1273	1	Atmospheric methane	33	Approximately 5% of the methane is released via the flatus, whereas the other 95% is released via eructation.
1274	1	Atmospheric methane	33	Vaccines are under development to reduce the amount introduced through eructation.
1275	1	Atmospheric methane	34	Due to a continuously growing world population, rice agriculture has become one of the most significant anthropogenic sources of methane.
1276	1	Atmospheric methane	34	With warm weather and water-logged soil, rice paddies act like wetlands, but are generated by humans for the purpose of food production.
1277	1	Atmospheric methane	34	Due to the swamp-like environment of rice fields, these paddies yield 50–100 million metric tons of methane emission each year.
1278	1	Atmospheric methane	34	This means that rice agriculture is responsible for approximately 15 to 20 percent of anthropogenic methane emissions.
1279	1	Atmospheric methane	34	An article written by William F. Ruddiman explores the possibility that methane emissions began to rise as a result of anthropogenic activity 5000 years ago when ancient cultures started to settle and use agriculture, rice irrigation in particular, as a primary food source.
1280	1	Atmospheric methane	35	Due to the large collections of organic matter and availability of anaerobic conditions, landfills are the third largest source of atmospheric methane in the United States, accounting for roughly 18.2% of methane emissions globally in 2014.
1281	1	Atmospheric methane	35	When waste is first added to a landfill, oxygen is abundant and thus undergoes aerobic decomposition; during which time very little methane is produced.
1282	1	Atmospheric methane	35	However, generally within a year oxygen levels are depleted and anaerobic conditions dominate the landfill allowing methanogens to takeover the decomposition process.
1283	1	Atmospheric methane	35	These methanogens emit methane into the atmosphere and even after the landfill is closed, the mass amount of decaying matter allows the methanogens to continue producing methane for years.
1284	1	Atmospheric methane	36	Waste water treatment facilities act to remove organic matter, solids, pathogens, and chemical hazards as a result of human contamination.
1285	1	Atmospheric methane	36	Methane emission in waste treatment facilities occurs as a result of anaerobic treatments of organic compounds and anaerobic biodegradation of sludge.
1286	1	Atmospheric methane	37	Incomplete burning of both living and dead organic matter results in the emission of methane.
1287	1	Atmospheric methane	37	While natural wildfires can contribute to methane emissions, the bulk majority of biomass burning occurs as a result of humans – including everything from accidental burnings by civilians to deliberate burnings used to clear out land to biomass burnings occurring as a result of destroying waste.
1288	1	Atmospheric methane	38	Methane is a primary component of natural gas, and thus during the production, processing, storage, transmission, and distribution of natural gas, a significant amount of methane is lost into the atmosphere.
1289	1	Atmospheric methane	39	"According to the EPA ""Inventory of U.S Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2015"" report, 2015 methane emissions from natural gas and petroleum systems totaled 8.1 Tg per year in the United States."
1290	1	Atmospheric methane	39	Individually, the EPA estimates that the natural gas system emitted 6.5 Tg per year of methane while petroleum systems emitted 1.6 Tg per year of methane.
1291	1	Atmospheric methane	39	Methane emissions occur in all sectors of the natural gas industry, from drilling and production, through gathering and processing and transmission, to distribution.
1292	1	Atmospheric methane	39	These emissions occur through normal operation, routine maintenance, fugitive leaks, system upsets, and venting of equipment.
1293	1	Atmospheric methane	39	In the oil industry, some underground crude contains natural gas that is entrained in the oil at high reservoir pressures.
1294	1	Atmospheric methane	39	When oil is removed from the reservoir, associated gas is produced.
1295	1	Atmospheric methane	40	"However, a review of methane emissions studies reveals that the EPA ""Inventory of"" ""Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2015"" report likely significantly underestimated 2015 methane emissions from the oil and natural gas supply chain."
1296	1	Atmospheric methane	40	The review concluded that in 2015 the oil and natural gas supply chain emitted 13 Tg per year of methane, which is about 60% more than the EPA report for the same time period.
1297	1	Atmospheric methane	40	"The authors write that the most likely cause for the discrepancy is an under sampling by the EPA of so-called ""abnormal operating conditions"", during which large quantities of methane can be emitted."
1298	1	Atmospheric methane	40	The use of natural gas and biogas in ICE (Internal combustion engine) for such applications as electricity production / cogeneration / CHP (Combined Heat and Power) and heavy vehicles or marine vessels such as LNG carriers using the boil off gas for propulsion, emits a certain percentage of UHC, unburned hydrocarbon of which 85% is methane.
1299	1	Atmospheric methane	40	"The climate issues of using gas to fuel ICE may offset or even cancel out the advantages of less CO and particle emissions is described in this 2016 EU Issue Paper on methane slip from marine engines: ""Emissions of unburnt methane (known as the ‘methane slip’) were around 7g per kg LNG at higher engine loads, rising to 23–36g at lower loads."
1300	1	Atmospheric methane	40	"This increase could be due to slow combustion at lower temperatures, which allows small quantities of gas to avoid the combustion process""."
1301	1	Atmospheric methane	40	Road vehicles run more on low load than marine engines causing relatively higher methane slip.
1302	1	Atmospheric methane	41	In 2014 NASA researchers reported the discovery of a methane cloud floating over the Four Corners region of the south-west United States.
1303	1	Atmospheric methane	41	The discovery was based on data from the European Space Agency’s Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography instrument from 2002 to 2012.
1304	1	Atmospheric methane	42	"The report concluded that ""the source is likely from established gas, coal, and coalbed methane mining and processing."
1305	1	Atmospheric methane	42	The region emitted 590,000 metric tons of methane every year between 2002 and 2012—almost 3.5 times the widely used estimates in the European Union’s Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research.
1306	1	Atmospheric methane	43	"Any process that consumes methane from the atmosphere can be considered a ""sink"" of atmospheric methane."
1307	1	Atmospheric methane	43	The most prominent of these processes occur as a result of methane either being destroyed in the atmosphere or broken down in soil.
1308	1	Atmospheric methane	43	Humans have yet to act as any significant sink of atmospheric methane.
1309	1	Atmospheric methane	43	"Reaction with the hydroxyl radical"" – The major removal mechanism of methane from the atmosphere involves radical chemistry; it reacts with the hydroxyl radical (·OH) in the troposphere or stratosphere to create the ·CH radical and water vapor."
1310	1	Atmospheric methane	43	In addition to being the largest known sink for atmospheric methane, this reaction is one of the most important sources of water vapor in the upper atmosphere.
1311	1	Atmospheric methane	43	Following the reaction of methane with the hydroxyl radical, two dominant pathways of methane oxidation exist: [1] which leads to a net production of ozone, and [2] which causes no net ozone change.
1312	1	Atmospheric methane	43	For methane oxidation to take the pathway that leads to net ozone production, nitric oxide (NO) must be available to react with CHO·.
1313	1	Atmospheric methane	43	Otherwise, CHO· reacts with the hydroperoxyl radical (HO·), and the oxidation takes the pathway with no net ozone change.
1314	1	Atmospheric methane	43	Both oxidation pathways lead to a net production of formaldehyde and water vapor.
1315	1	Atmospheric methane	44	[1] Net production of O
1316	1	Atmospheric methane	45	CH + ·OH → CH· + HO
1317	1	Atmospheric methane	46	CH· + O + M → CHO· + M
1318	1	Atmospheric methane	47	CHO· + NO → NO + CHO·
1319	1	Atmospheric methane	48	CHO· + O → HO· + HCHO
1320	1	Atmospheric methane	49	HO· + NO → NO + ·OH
1321	1	Atmospheric methane	50	(2x) NO + hv → O(P) + NO
1322	1	Atmospheric methane	51	(2x) O(P) + O + M → O + M
1323	1	Atmospheric methane	52	[NET: CH + 4O → HCHO + 2O + HO]
1324	1	Atmospheric methane	53	[2] No net change of O
1325	1	Atmospheric methane	54	CH + ·OH → CH· + HO
1326	1	Atmospheric methane	55	CH· + O + M → CHO· + M
1327	1	Atmospheric methane	56	CHO· + HO· + M → CHOH + O + M
1328	1	Atmospheric methane	57	CHOH + hv → CHO· + ·OH
1329	1	Atmospheric methane	58	CHO· + O → HO· + HCHO
1330	1	Atmospheric methane	59	[NET: CH + O → HCHO + HO]
1331	1	Atmospheric methane	60	Note that for the second reaction, there will be a net loss of radicals in the case where CHOH is lost to wet deposition before it can undergo photolysis such that: CHOH + HO → wet deposition.
1332	1	Atmospheric methane	60	Also note that M represents a random molecule that facilitates energy transfer during the reaction
1333	1	Atmospheric methane	61	This reaction in the troposphere gives a methane lifetime of 9.6 years.
1334	1	Atmospheric methane	61	Two more minor sinks are soil sinks (160-year lifetime) and stratospheric loss by reaction with ·OH, ·Cl and ·OD in the stratosphere (120-year lifetime), giving a net lifetime of 8.4 years.
1335	1	Atmospheric methane	61	Oxidation of methane is the main source of water vapor in the upper stratosphere (beginning at pressure levels around 10 kPa).
1336	1	Atmospheric methane	62	The methyl radical formed in the above reaction will, during normal daytime conditions in the troposphere, usually react with another hydroxyl radical to form formaldehyde.
1337	1	Atmospheric methane	62	Note that this is not strictly oxidative pyrolysis as described previously.
1338	1	Atmospheric methane	62	Formaldehyde can react again with a hydroxyl radical to form carbon dioxide and more water vapor.
1339	1	Atmospheric methane	62	Sidechains in these reactions may interact with nitrogen compounds that will likely produce ozone, thus supplanting radicals required in the initial reaction.
1340	1	Atmospheric methane	63	Most natural sinks occur as a result of chemical reactions in the atmosphere as well as oxidation by methane consuming bacteria in Earth's soils.
1341	1	Atmospheric methane	64	Soils act as a major sink for atmospheric methane through the methanotrophic bacteria that reside within them.
1342	1	Atmospheric methane	64	This occurs with two different types of bacteria.
1343	1	Atmospheric methane	64	"High capacity-low affinity"" methanotrophic bacteria grow in areas of high methane concentration, such as waterlogged soils in wetlands and other moist environments."
1344	1	Atmospheric methane	64	"And in areas of low methane concentration, ""low capacity-high affinity"" methanotrophic bacteria make use of the methane in the atmosphere to grow, rather than relying on methane in their immediate environment."
1345	1	Atmospheric methane	65	Forest soils act as good sinks for atmospheric methane because soils are optimally moist for methanotroph activity, and the movement of gases between soil and atmosphere (soil diffusivity) is high.
1346	1	Atmospheric methane	65	With a lower water table, any methane in the soil has to make it past the methanotrophic bacteria before it can reach the atmosphere.
1347	1	Atmospheric methane	66	Wetland soils, however, are often sources of atmospheric methane rather than sinks because the water table is much higher, and the methane can be diffused fairly easily into the air without having to compete with the soil's methanotrophs.
1348	1	Atmospheric methane	67	"Methanotrophic bacteria in soils"" – Methanotrophic bacteria that reside within soil use methane as a source of carbon in methane oxidation."
1349	1	Atmospheric methane	67	Methane oxidation allows methanotrophic bacteria to use methane as a source of energy, reacting methane with oxygen and as a result producing carbon dioxide and water.
1350	1	Atmospheric methane	68	The most effective sink of atmospheric methane is the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere, or the lowest portion of Earth's atmosphere.
1351	1	Atmospheric methane	68	As methane rises into the air, it reacts with the hydroxyl radical to create water vapor and carbon dioxide.
1352	1	Atmospheric methane	68	The lifespan of methane in the atmosphere was estimated at 9.6 years as of 2001; however, increasing emissions of methane over time reduce the concentration of the hydroxyl radical in the atmosphere.
1353	1	Atmospheric methane	68	With less OH˚ to react with, the lifespan of methane could also increase, resulting in greater concentrations of atmospheric methane.
1354	1	Atmospheric methane	69	If it is not destroyed in the troposphere, methane will last approximately 120 years before it is eventually destroyed in Earth's next atmospheric layer: the stratosphere.
1355	1	Atmospheric methane	69	Destruction in the stratosphere occurs the same way that it does in the troposphere: methane is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.
1356	1	Atmospheric methane	69	Based on balloon-borne measurements since 1978, the abundance of stratospheric methane has increased by between 1978 and 2003.
1357	1	Atmospheric methane	70	The reaction of methane and chlorine atoms acts as a primary sink of Cl atoms and is a primary source of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stratosphere.
1358	1	Atmospheric methane	71	CH + Cl → CH + HCl
1359	1	Atmospheric methane	72	The HCl produced in this reaction leads to catalytic ozone destruction in the stratosphere.
1360	1	Atmospheric methane	73	Removal of methane in the lower troposphere may be achieved by chlorine radicals produced by iron salt aerosols.
1361	1	Atmospheric methane	73	Since the 1800s, atmospheric methane concentrations have increased annually at a rate of about 0.9%.
1362	1	Atmospheric methane	74	Long term atmospheric measurements of methane by NOAA show that the build up of methane leveled off during the decade prior to 2006, after nearly tripling since pre-industrial times.
1363	1	Atmospheric methane	74	Although scientists have yet to determine what caused this reduction in the rate of accumulation of atmospheric methane, it appears it could be due to reduced industrial emissions and drought in wetland areas.
1364	1	Atmospheric methane	75	Exceptions to this drop in growth rate occurred in 1991 and 1998 when growth rates increased suddenly to 14–15 nmol/mol per year for those years, nearly double the growth rates of the years before.
1365	1	Atmospheric methane	76	The 1991 spike is understood to be due to the volcanic eruption of Mt.
1366	1	Atmospheric methane	76	Pinatubo in June of that year.
1367	1	Atmospheric methane	76	Volcanoes affect atmospheric methane emissions when they erupt, releasing ash and sulfur dioxide into the air.
1368	1	Atmospheric methane	76	As a result, photochemistry of plants is affected and the removal of methane via the tropospheric hydroxyl radical is reduced.
1369	1	Atmospheric methane	76	However, growth rates quickly fell due to lower temperatures and global reduction in rainfall.
1370	1	Atmospheric methane	77	The cause of the 1998 spike is unresolved, but scientists are currently attributing it to a combination of increased wetland and rice field emissions as well as an increased amount of biomass burning.
1371	1	Atmospheric methane	77	1998 was also the warmest year since surface temperatures were first recorded, suggesting that anomalously high temperatures can induce elevated methane emission.
1372	1	Atmospheric methane	78	Data from 2007 suggested methane concentrations were beginning to rise again.
1373	1	Atmospheric methane	78	This was confirmed in 2010 when a study showed methane levels were on the rise for the 3 years 2007 to 2009.
1374	1	Atmospheric methane	78	"After a decade of near-zero growth in methane levels, ""globally averaged atmospheric methane increased by [approximately] 7 nmol/mol per year during 2007 and 2008."
1375	1	Atmospheric methane	78	During the first half of 2009, globally averaged atmospheric CH was [approximately] 7 nmol/mol greater than it was in 2008, suggesting that the increase will continue in 2009.
1376	1	Atmospheric methane	78	From 2015 to 2019 sharp rises in levels of atmospheric methane have been recorded.
1377	1	Atmospheric methane	79	Methane emissions levels vary greatly depending on the local geography.
1378	1	Atmospheric methane	79	For both natural and anthropogenic sources, higher temperatures and higher water levels result in the anaerobic environment that is necessary for methane production.
1379	1	Atmospheric methane	80	Emissions of methane into the atmosphere are directly related to temperature and moisture.
1380	1	Atmospheric methane	80	Thus, the natural environmental changes that occur during seasonal change act as a major control of methane emission.
1381	1	Atmospheric methane	80	Additionally, even changes in temperature during the day can affect the amount of methane that is produced and consumed.
1382	1	Atmospheric methane	81	For example, plants that produce methane can emit as much as two to four times more methane during the day than during the night.
1383	1	Atmospheric methane	81	This is directly related to the fact that plants tend to rely on solar energy to enact chemical processes.
1384	1	Atmospheric methane	82	Additionally, methane emissions are affected by the level of water sources.
1385	1	Atmospheric methane	82	Seasonal flooding during the spring and summer naturally increases the amount of methane released into the air.
1386	1	Atmospheric methane	83	The most clearly identified rise in atmospheric methane as a result of human activity occurred in the 1700s during the industrial revolution.
1387	1	Atmospheric methane	83	As technology increased at a considerable rate, humans began to build factories and plants, burn fossil fuels for energy, and clear out forests and other vegetation for the purpose of building and agriculture.
1388	1	Atmospheric methane	83	This growth continued to rise at a rate of almost 1 percent per year until around 1990 when growth rates dropped to almost zero.
1389	1	Atmospheric methane	84	A 2003 article from William F. Ruddiman, however, indicates that the anthropogenic change in methane may have started 5000 years prior to the industrial revolution.
1390	1	Atmospheric methane	84	The methane insolation cycles of the ice core remained stable and predictable until 5000 years ago, most likely due to some anthropogenic effect.
1391	1	Atmospheric methane	84	Ruddiman suggests that the transition of humans from hunter gatherers into agricultural farming was the first instance of humans affecting methane concentration in the atmosphere.
1392	1	Atmospheric methane	84	Ruddiman's hypothesis is supported by the fact that early rice irrigation occurred approximately 5000 years ago—the same time the ice core cycles lost their predictability.
1393	1	Atmospheric methane	84	Due to the inefficiency of humans first learning how to grow rice, extensive rice paddies would have been needed to feed even a small population.
1394	1	Atmospheric methane	84	These, over-flooded and filled with weeds, would have resulted in huge methane emitting wetlands.
1395	1	Atmospheric methane	85	Increases in methane levels due to modern human activities arise from a number of specific sources.
1396	1	Atmospheric methane	87	One source of methane emissions has been identified as pipelines that transport natural gas; one example is pipelines from Russia to customers in Europe.
1397	1	Atmospheric methane	87	Near Yamburg and Urengoy exist gas fields with a methane concentration of 97 percent.
1398	1	Atmospheric methane	87	The gas obtained from these fields is taken and exported to Western and Central Europe through an extensive pipeline system known as the Trans-Siberian natural gas pipeline system.
1399	1	Atmospheric methane	87	In accordance with the IPCC and other natural gas emissions control groups, measurements had to be taken throughout the pipeline to measure methane emissions from technological discharges and leaks at the pipeline fittings and vents.
1400	1	Atmospheric methane	87	Although the majority of the natural gas leaks were carbon dioxide, a significant amount of methane was also being consistently released from the pipeline as a result of leaks and breakdowns.
1401	1	Atmospheric methane	87	In 2001, natural gas emissions from the pipeline and natural gas transportation system accounted for 1 percent of the natural gas produced.
1402	1	Atmospheric methane	87	Fortunately, between 2001 and 2005, this number reduced to 0.7 percent, and even the 2001 value is still significantly less than that of 1996.
1403	1	Atmospheric methane	88	However, pipeline transportation is only one part of the problem.
1404	1	Atmospheric methane	88	"Howarth ""et al."
1405	1	Atmospheric methane	88	have argued that: We believe the preponderance of evidence indicates shale gas has a larger GHG [green house gas] footprint than conventional gas, considered over any time scale.
1406	1	Atmospheric methane	88	"The GHG footprint of shale gas also exceeds that of oil or coal when considered at decadal time scales, […] For subsequent works confirming these results see Howarth's """"A bridge to nowhere: methane emissions and the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas,"""" """"Methane emissions and climatic warming risk from hydraulic fracturing and shale gas development: implications for policy,"""" and """"Ideas and perspectives: is shale gas a major driver of recent increase in global atmospheric methane?"
1407	1	Atmospheric methane	89	"A 2013 study by Miller ""et al."
1408	1	Atmospheric methane	89	indicates that current greenhouse gas reduction policies in the US are based on what appear to be significant underestimates of anthropogenic methane emissions.
1409	1	Atmospheric methane	89	"The authors state: We find greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and fossil fuel extraction and processing (""i.e.,"" oil and/or natural gas) are likely a factor of two or greater than cited in existing studies."
1410	1	Atmospheric methane	90	Global warming due to fossil fuel emissions has caused Arctic methane release, i.e.
1411	1	Atmospheric methane	90	the release of methane from seas and soils in permafrost regions of the Arctic.
1412	1	Atmospheric methane	90	Although in the long term, this is a natural process, methane release is being exacerbated and accelerated by global warming.
1413	1	Atmospheric methane	90	This results in negative effects, as methane is itself a powerful greenhouse gas.
1414	1	Atmospheric methane	91	The Arctic region is one of the many natural sources of the greenhouse gas methane.
1415	1	Atmospheric methane	91	Global warming accelerates its release, due to both release of methane from existing stores, and from methanogenesis in rotting biomass.
1416	1	Atmospheric methane	91	Large quantities of methane are stored in the Arctic in natural gas deposits, permafrost, and as undersea clathrates.
1417	1	Atmospheric methane	91	Permafrost and clathrates degrade on warming, thus large releases of methane from these sources may arise as a result of global warming.
1418	1	Atmospheric methane	91	Other sources of methane include submarine taliks, river transport, ice complex retreat, submarine permafrost and decaying gas hydrate deposits.
1419	1	Atmospheric methane	92	The direct radiative greenhouse gas forcing effect has been estimated at 0.5 W/m.
1420	1	Atmospheric methane	93	Methane is a strong GHG with a global warming potential 84 times greater than CO in a 20-year time frame.
1421	1	Atmospheric methane	93	Methane is not as persistent a gas and tails off to about 28 times greater than CO for a 100-year time frame.
1422	1	Atmospheric methane	94	In addition to the direct heating effect and the normal feedbacks, the methane breaks down to carbon dioxide and water.
1423	1	Atmospheric methane	94	This water is often above the tropopause where little water usually reaches.
1424	1	Atmospheric methane	94	Ramanathan (1988) notes that both water and ice clouds, when formed at cold lower stratospheric temperatures, are extremely efficient in enhancing the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
1425	1	Atmospheric methane	94	He also notes that there is a distinct possibility that large increases in future methane may lead to a surface warming that increases nonlinearly with the methane concentration.
1426	1	Atmospheric methane	95	Methane also affects the degradation of the ozone layer, when methane is transformed into water in the stratosphere.
1427	1	Atmospheric methane	95	This process is enhanced by global warming, because warmer air holds more water vapor than colder air, so the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as it is warmed by the greenhouse effect.
1428	1	Atmospheric methane	95	Climate models also indicate that greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane may enhance the transport of water into the stratosphere; though this is not fully understood.
1429	1	Atmospheric methane	96	In an effort to mitigate climate change, humans have started to develop alternative methods and medicines.
1430	1	Atmospheric methane	97	For example, in order to counteract the amount of methane that ruminants give off, a type of drug called monensin (marketed as rumensin™) has been developed.
1431	1	Atmospheric methane	97	This drug is classified as an ionophore, which is an antibiotic that is naturally produced by a harmless bacteria strain.
1432	1	Atmospheric methane	97	This drug not only improves feed efficiency but also reduces the amount of methane gas emitted from the animal and its manure.
1433	1	Atmospheric methane	98	In addition to medicine, specific manure management techniques have been developed to counteract emissions from livestock manure.
1434	1	Atmospheric methane	98	Educational resources have begun to be provided for small farms.
1435	1	Atmospheric methane	98	Management techniques include daily pickup and storage of manure in a completely closed off storage facility that will prevent runoff from making it into bodies of water.
1436	1	Atmospheric methane	98	The manure can then be kept in storage until it is either reused for fertilizer or taken away and stored in an offsite compost.
1437	1	Atmospheric methane	98	Nutrient levels of various animal manures are provided for optimal use as compost for gardens and agriculture.
1438	1	Atmospheric methane	99	In order to reduce effects on methane oxidation in soil, several steps can be taken.
1439	1	Atmospheric methane	99	Controlling the usage of nitrogen enhancing fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen pollution into the air can both lower inhibition of methane oxidation.
1440	1	Atmospheric methane	99	Additionally, using drier growing conditions for crops such as rice and selecting strains of crops that produce more food per unit area can reduce the amount of land with ideal conditions for methanogenesis.
1441	1	Atmospheric methane	99	Careful selection of areas of land conversion (for example, plowing down forests to create agricultural fields) can also reduce the destruction of major areas of methane oxidation.
1442	1	Atmospheric methane	100	"To counteract methane emissions from landfills, on March 12, 1996, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) added the ""Landfill Rule"" to the Clean Air Act."
1443	1	Atmospheric methane	100	This rule requires large landfills that have ever accepted municipal solid waste, have been used as of November 8, 1987, can hold at least 2.5 million metric tons of waste with a volume greater than 2.5 million cubic meters, and/or have nonmethane organic compound (NMOC) emissions of at least 50 metric tons per year to collect and combust emitted landfill gas.
1444	1	Atmospheric methane	100	This set of requirements excludes 96% of the landfills in the USA.
1445	1	Atmospheric methane	100	While the direct result of this is landfills reducing emission of non-methane compounds that form smog, the indirect result is reduction of methane emissions as well.
1446	1	Atmospheric methane	101	Furthermore, in an attempt to absorb the methane that is already being produced from landfills, experiments in which nutrients were added to the soil to allow methanotrophs to thrive have been conducted.
1447	1	Atmospheric methane	101	These nutrient supplemented landfills have been shown to act as a small scale methane sink, allowing the abundance of methanotrophs to sponge the methane from the air to use as energy, effectively reducing the landfill's emissions.
1448	1	Atmospheric methane	102	To reduce emissions from the natural gas industries, the EPA developed the Natural Gas STAR Program, also known as Gas STAR.
1449	1	Atmospheric methane	103	Another program was also developed by the EPA to reduce emissions from coal mining.
1450	1	Atmospheric methane	103	The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) helps and encourages the mining industry to find ways to use or sell methane that would otherwise be released from the coal mine into the atmosphere.
1451	1	Atmospheric methane	104	A portable methane detector has been developed which, mounted in a vehicle, can detect excess levels of methane in the ambient atmosphere and differentiate between natural methane from rotting vegetation or manure and gas leaks.
1452	1	Atmospheric methane	104	As of 2013 the technology was being deployed by Pacific Gas & Electric.
1453	1	Atmospheric methane	105	Methane is typically measured using gas chromatography.
1454	1	Atmospheric methane	105	Gas chromatography is a type of chromatography used for separating or analyzing chemical compounds.
1455	1	Atmospheric methane	105	It is less expensive in general, compared to more advanced methods, but it is more time and labor-intensive.
1456	1	Atmospheric methane	106	Spectroscopic methods are the preferred method for atmospheric gas measurements due to its sensitivity and precision.
1457	1	Atmospheric methane	106	Also, spectroscopic methods are the only way of remotely sensing the atmospheric gases.
1458	1	Atmospheric methane	106	Infrared spectroscopy covers a large spectrum of techniques, one of which detects gases based on absorption spectroscopy.
1459	1	Atmospheric methane	106	There are various methods for spectroscopic methods, including Differential optical absorption spectroscopy, Laser-induced fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infrared.
1460	1	Atmospheric methane	107	Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is most widely used IR absorption technique of detecting methane.
1461	1	Atmospheric methane	107	It is a form of laser absorption spectroscopy which determines the mole fraction to the order of parts per trillion.
1462	1	Environmental issue	1	Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
1463	1	Environmental issue	1	Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans.
1464	1	Environmental issue	1	Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education and activism.
1465	1	Environmental issue	2	"The carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has already exceeded 400 parts per million (NOAA) (with total ""long-term"" GHG exceeding 455 parts per million) (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Report)."
1466	1	Environmental issue	2	The amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is possibly above the threshold that can potentially cause climate change.
1467	1	Environmental issue	2	"The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has stated ""Climate change is not just a distant future threat."
1468	1	Environmental issue	2	It is the main driver behind rising humanitarian needs and we are seeing its impact.
1469	1	Environmental issue	2	The number of people affected and the damages inflicted by extreme weather has been unprecedented.
1470	1	Environmental issue	2	Further, OCHA has stated:Climate disasters are on the rise.
1471	1	Environmental issue	2	Around 70 percent of disasters are now climate related – up from around 50 percent from two decades ago.
1472	1	Environmental issue	2	These disasters take a heavier human toll and come with a higher price tag.
1473	1	Environmental issue	2	In the last decade, 2.4 billion people were affected by climate related disasters, compared to 1.7 billion in the previous decade.
1474	1	Environmental issue	2	The cost of responding to disasters has risen tenfold between 1992 and 2008.Destructive sudden heavy rains, intense tropical storms, repeated flooding and droughts are likely to increase, as will the vulnerability of local communities in the absence of strong concerted action.Environment destruction caused by humans is a global problem, and this is a problem that is on going every day.
1475	1	Environmental issue	2	By year 2050, the global human population is expected to grow by 2 billion people, thereby reaching a level of 9.6 billion people (Living Blue Planet 24).
1476	1	Environmental issue	2	The human effects on Earth can be seen in many different ways.
1477	1	Environmental issue	2	A main one is the temperature rise, and according to the report ”Our Changing Climate”, the global warming that has been going on for the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities (Walsh, et al.
1478	1	Environmental issue	2	20).
1479	1	Environmental issue	2	Since 1895, the U.S. average temperature has increased from 1.3 °F to 1.9 °F, with most of the increase taken place since around year 1970 (Walsh, et al.
1480	1	Environmental issue	2	20).
1481	1	Environmental issue	3	Major current environmental issues may include climate change, pollution, environmental degradation, and resource depletion etc.
1482	1	Environmental issue	3	The conservation movement lobbies for protection of endangered species and protection of any ecologically valuable natural areas, genetically modified foods and global warming.
1483	1	Environmental issue	4	The level of understanding of Earth has increased markedly in recent times through science especially with the application of the scientific method.
1484	1	Environmental issue	4	Environmental science is now a multi-disciplinary academic study taught and researched at many universities.
1485	1	Environmental issue	4	This is used as a basis for addressing environmental issues.
1486	1	Environmental issue	5	Large amounts of data have been gathered and these are collated into reports, of which a common type is the State of the Environment publications.
1487	1	Environmental issue	5	A recent major report was the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, with input from 1200 scientists and released in 2005, which showed the high level of impact that humans are having on ecosystem services.
1488	1	Environmental issue	6	Environmental issues are addressed at a regional, national or international level by government organizations.
1489	1	Environmental issue	7	The largest international agency, set up in 1972, is the United Nations Environment Programme.
1490	1	Environmental issue	7	The International Union for Conservation of Nature brings together 83 states, 108 government agencies, 766 Non-governmental organizations and 81 international organizations and about 10,000 experts and scientists from countries around the world.
1491	1	Environmental issue	7	International non-governmental organizations include Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and World Wide Fund for Nature.
1492	1	Environmental issue	7	Governments enact environmental policy and enforce environmental law and this is done to differing degrees around the world.
1493	1	Environmental issue	8	Sustainability is the key to prevent or reduce the effect of environmental issues.
1494	1	Environmental issue	8	There is now clear scientific evidence that humanity is living unsustainably, and that an unprecedented collective effort is needed to return human use of natural resources to within sustainable limits.
1495	1	Environmental issue	8	For humans to live sustainably, the Earth's natural resources must be used at a rate at which they can be replenished (and by limiting global warming).
1496	1	Environmental issue	9	Concerns for the environment have prompted the formation of green parties, political parties that seek to address environmental issues.
1497	1	Environmental issue	9	Initially these were formed in Australia, New Zealand and Germany but are now present in many other countries.
1498	1	Environmental issue	10	There are an increasing number of films being produced on environmental issues, especially on climate change and global warming.
1499	1	Environmental issue	10	"Al Gore's 2006 film ""An Inconvenient Truth"" gained commercial success and a high media profile."
1500	1	Environmental issue	11	Issues
1501	1	Environmental issue	12	Specific issues
1502	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	1	The World Nuclear Industry Status Report is a yearly report that explores the global challenges facing the nuclear power industry.
1503	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	1	It is produced by Mycle Schneider, an independent energy expert, and gives a detailed overview of the global nuclear industry and special analysis on key events and trends.
1504	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	2	In January a fully interactive visualization on nuclear power construction was launched.
1505	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	2	This contains information on the 754 reactors that are or have been under-construction since 1951.
1506	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	2	The Global Nuclear Power Database is hosted by the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.
1507	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	3	As of the middle of 2016, 31 countries were operating nuclear reactors for energy purposes.
1508	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	3	Nuclear power plants generated 2,441 net terawatt-hours (TWh or billion kilowatt-hours) of electricity in 2015 , a 1.3 percent increase, but still less than in 2000 and 8.2 percent below the historic peak nuclear generation in 2006.
1509	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	3	59 reactors are considered here as under construction, three fewer than WNISR reported a year ago, and eight less than in mid-2014.
1510	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	3	Eighty percent of all new-build units (47) are in Asia and Eastern Europe, of which 22 in China alone.
1511	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	4	Globally, the nuclear industry’s situation continued to deteriorate in 2015, except in China.
1512	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	4	Eight out of the ten nuclear power reactor startups in 2015 were in China.
1513	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	5	The latest report, written by Mycle Schneider and Antony Froggatt with contributions of four other experts from Japan, the UK and France, says that the nuclear industry was struggling with grave problems prior to the Fukushima accident, but that the impact of the accident has become increasingly visible.
1514	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	5	Global electricity generation from nuclear plants dropped by a historic 7 percent in 2012, adding to the record drop of 4 percent in 2011.
1515	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	6	The 427 operating reactors worldwide, as of 1 July 2013, are 17 lower than the peak in 2002.
1516	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	6	The nuclear share in the world’s power generation declined steadily from a historic peak of 17 percent in 1993 to about 10 percent in 2012.
1517	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	6	The report details a range of restart scenarios for Japan's nuclear reactor fleet which, as of September 2013, were all shutdown.
1518	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	6	Nuclear power’s share of global commercial primary energy production plunged to 4.5 percent, a level last seen in 1984.
1519	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	7	Besides an extensive update on nuclear economics, the report also includes an assessment of the major challenges at the Fukushima nuclear site, in particular the highly contaminated water on site.
1520	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	7	This water contained in the basement of reactors and in storage tanks contains 2.5 times the total amount of caesium-137 released at the Chernobyl accident.
1521	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	8	The report says that China, Germany and Japan, three of the world’s four largest economies, as well as India, now generate more power from renewables than from nuclear power.
1522	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	8	For the first time in 2012 China and India generated more power from wind alone than from nuclear plants, while in China solar electricity generation grew by 400 percent in one year.
1523	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	9	"According to the ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2012"", written by Mycle Schneider and Antony Froggatt, nuclear power accounted for 11 percent of worldwide electricity generation."
1524	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	9	World atomic power production dropped by a record 4.3 percent in 2011 as the global financial crisis and the Fukushima disaster in Japan prompted plant shutdowns and slowed construction of new sites.
1525	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	9	Seven reactors began operating in 2011 and 19 were shuttered.
1526	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	10	The report shows that following the Fukushima crisis in March 2011, Germany, Switzerland and Taiwan announced their withdrawal from nuclear power.
1527	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	10	Output was further restricted as nations suspended construction plans amid safety concerns and economic stagnation, forcing utilities to study extending lifetimes, which raises considerable safety issues.
1528	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	11	At least five countries, including Egypt, Italy and Kuwait, have suspended plans to build their first nuclear reactors.
1529	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	11	In the U.K., major companies like RWE, EON, and SSE have all abandoned new-build proposals in 2011/12, while companies in Japan and Bulgaria have suspended construction.
1530	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	11	The Fukushima disaster also created certification and licensing delays.
1531	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	12	"The ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010-2011"" is authored by Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt, and Steve Thomas and published by the Washington-based Worldwatch Institute."
1532	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	12	The foreword is written by Amory Lovins.
1533	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	According to the report, the international nuclear industry has been unable to stop the slow decline of nuclear energy.
1534	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	The world’s reactor fleet is aging quickly and not enough new units are coming online.
1535	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	As of April 1, 2011, there were 437 nuclear reactors operating in the world, which was seven fewer than in 2002.
1536	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	The Olkiluoto plant has had particular problems:
1537	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	The flagship EPR project at Olkiluoto in Finland, managed by the largest nuclear builder in the world, AREVA NP, has turned into a financial fiasco.
1538	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	The project is four years behind schedule and at least 90 percent over budget, reaching a total cost estimate of €5.7 billion ($8.3 billion) or close to €3,500 ($5,000) per kilowatt.
1539	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	The report says that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster is exacerbating many of the problems that nuclear energy is facing.
1540	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	"There is ""no obvious sign that the international nuclear industry could eventually turn empirically evident downward trend into a promising future"", and the Fukushima nuclear disaster is likely to accelerate the decline."
1541	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	With long lead times of 10 years and more, it will be difficult to maintain, let alone increase, the number of operating nuclear power plants over the next 20 years.
1542	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	Moreover, says the report, it is clear that nuclear power development cannot keep up with the pace of renewable energy commercialization.
1543	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	13	For the first time, in 2010 total installed nuclear power capacity in the world (375 gigawatts) fell behind aggregate installed capacity (381 GW) of three specific renewables — wind turbines (193 GW), biomass and waste-to-energy plants (65 GW), and solar power (43 GW).
1544	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	14	"The ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009"" presents quantitative and qualitative information on the nuclear power plants in operation, under construction and in planning phases throughout the world."
1545	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	14	A detailed analyses of the economic performance of past and current nuclear projects is also given.
1546	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	14	The report was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety.
1547	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	15	"The ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2008"" focused on the difficulties facing nuclear power throughout the world, with particular reference to Western Europe and Asia."
1548	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	16	"The ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2007"" was commissioned by the Greens-EFA Group in the European Parliament."
1549	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	17	"The first ""World Nuclear Industry Status Report"" was issued in 1992 in a joint publication with WISE-Paris, Greenpeace International and the World Watch Institute, Washington."
1550	1	World Nuclear Industry Status Report	17	The second report in 2004 was commissioned by the Greens-EFA Group in the European Parliament.
1551	1	Peter William Armstrong	1	Peter William Armstrong (born 1 April 1943) is a television and radio producer, whose career at the BBC spanned 25 years.
1552	1	Peter William Armstrong	1	He is best known for innovative religious programming and as the founder and project editor of the BBC's Domesday Project (1986), for which he won a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2004 BAFTAs.
1553	1	Peter William Armstrong	1	He is the father of documentary maker Franny Armstrong.
1554	1	Peter William Armstrong	2	Armstrong earned First Class Honours in Philosophy, Politics and Economics and continued doctorate studies at Mansfield College, Oxford.
1555	1	Peter William Armstrong	3	Armstrong joined the BBC in 1971, after he was spotted by the then head of religious programming John Lang.
1556	1	Peter William Armstrong	3	"He quickly moved from radio into television, founding well-known series like ""Everyman"", Songs of Praise, and ""Global Report"", as well as writing and producing one-off series and programmes including ""The Sea of Faith"", which led to the formation of ""The Sea of Faith"" movement."
1557	1	Peter William Armstrong	4	"Armstrong was innovative in his approach to religious programming, insisting that, rather than viewing the world through the lens of faith, the programmes (""Everyman"" and ""Heart of the Matter"") would bring a journalist's eye to bear on the world's faith communities."
1558	1	Peter William Armstrong	5	Inspired by the original Domesday Book, Peter Armstrong wondered if it would be possible to harness technology to recreate the philosophy of the Domesday Book, but applied to modern Britain.
1559	1	Peter William Armstrong	5	The resulting BBC Domesday Project bought together millions of UK citizens to produce an interactive record of the nation.
1560	1	Peter William Armstrong	5	He went on to create the award-winning Interactive Television Unit, and became its chair when it floated as the MultiMedia Corporation.
1561	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	In 1995, Armstrong co-founded oneworld.net, the first internet portal devoted to global justice and development.
1562	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	Oneworld.net's central purpose was to act as a newswire for issues related to social justice – to aggregate and highlight the content of development NGOs such as Oxfam and Christian Aid.
1563	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	Oneworld joined Yahoo!
1564	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	s world news platform in 2001 alongside newswires such as AP and Reuters.
1565	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	Sarah Wright, Yahoo!
1566	1	Peter William Armstrong	6	"News Editor, said ""OneWorld journalists provide a unique and valuable resource to Yahoo by providing context for international headlines and voices from the front lines of international development."
1567	1	Peter William Armstrong	7	He also founded OneWorldTV and OneClimate, part of the OneWorld Network.
1568	1	Peter William Armstrong	8	In 2004, Armstrong received a Lifetime Achievement BAFTA at the Interactive Awards for his contributions to interactive media.
1569	1	Peter William Armstrong	8	He was the second person to win this award, after Tim Berners Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web.
1570	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	1	The Qori Kalis Glacier is a tropical glacier located in the Cordillera Oriental section of the Andes mountains of Peru.
1571	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	1	It is one of the few tropical glaciers left in the world, and is the main outlet of the Quelccaya Ice Cap.
1572	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	2	This glacier has lost nearly half of its length since measurements began in 1963 by the Peruvian hydro-electric company Electroperú.
1573	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	2	Around 2007, the glacier had been retreating at a rate of 600 feet per year.
1574	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	3	From 1963 to 1978 it retreated at a rate of approximately 6 metres per year.
1575	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	3	Between 1991 and 2005, it has retreated at around 60 metres per year.
1576	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	3	It is the largest of all of the tongues of the Quelccaya Ice Cap, many of which are in retreat.
1577	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	4	Testing shows that the Qori Kalis Glacier advanced to its greatest length around 520 years ago and then began to retreat.
1578	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	4	It has advanced to small degrees from time to time since then.
1579	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	5	Beginning in 1991, a proglacial lake started to form where the glacier once existed.
1580	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	5	The lake is extremely deep, and is contained in a natural valley which acts as a dam.
1581	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	5	In 2004, the lake had reached a depth of 80 meters.
1582	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	6	In March 2006, a large portion of the glacier detached and fell into the lake.
1583	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	6	This resulted in a large wave of water surging into the valley below.
1584	1	Qori Kalis Glacier	6	The risk of such events are monitored because of the risk of flash flooding towns and even cities below.
1585	1	Fossil fuel divestment	1	Fossil fuel divestment or fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is an attempt to reduce climate change by exerting social, political, and economic pressure for the institutional divestment of assets including stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments connected to companies involved in extracting fossil fuels.
1586	1	Fossil fuel divestment	1	Fossil fuel divestment campaigns emerged on campuses in the United States in 2010 with students urging their administrations to turn endowment investments in the fossil fuel industry into investments in clean energy and communities most impacted by climate change.
1587	1	Fossil fuel divestment	1	By 2015, fossil fuel divestment was reportedly the fastest growing divestment movement in history.
1588	1	Fossil fuel divestment	1	By September 2019, a total of 1,100 institutions and over 58,000 individuals representing $11 trillion in assets worldwide had been divested from fossil fuels.
1589	1	Fossil fuel divestment	2	Fossil fuel divestment aims to reduce carbon emissions by accelerating the adoption of renewable energy through the stigmatisation of fossil fuel companies.
1590	1	Fossil fuel divestment	2	This includes putting public pressure on companies that are currently involved in fossil fuel extraction to invest in renewable energy.
1591	1	Fossil fuel divestment	3	The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change found that all future carbon dioxide emissions must be less than 1,000 gigatonnes to provide a 66% chance of avoiding dangerous climate change; this figure includes all sources of carbon emissions.
1592	1	Fossil fuel divestment	3	To avoid dangerous climate change, only 33% of known extractable fossil fuel of known reserves can be used; this carbon budget can also be depleted by an increase in other carbon emission sources such as deforestation and cement production.
1593	1	Fossil fuel divestment	3	It is claimed that, if other carbon emissions increase significantly, then only 10% of the fossil fuel reserves can be used to stay within projected safe limits.
1594	1	Fossil fuel divestment	4	Furthermore, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency, Earth's average temperature has risen by 1.4°F over the past century, and is predicted to rise another 2° to 11.5° over the next hundred years with continued carbon emission rates.
1595	1	Fossil fuel divestment	4	This rise in temperature would far pass the level of warming that scientists have deemed safe to support life on earth.
1596	1	Fossil fuel divestment	5	"The ""Toronto Principle"" is a fossil fuel divestment strategy, which puts into action the aims set forth at the Paris Agreement in 2015."
1597	1	Fossil fuel divestment	5	It was first coined by Benjamin A. Franta, in an article in the Harvard Crimson, as a reference to the University of Toronto’s fossil fuel divestment process.
1598	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	"After 350.org submitted a petition for divestment on 6 March 2014, President Gertler established an ""ad hoc"" Advisory Committee on Divestment from Fossil Fuels."
1599	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	In December 2015, the Committee released a report with several recommendations.
1600	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	"Foremost, they argued that ""targeted and principled divestment from companies in the fossil fuels industry that meet certain criteria...should be an important part of the University of Toronto’s response to the challenges of climate change."
1601	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	However, the report went further, and allied itself with the Paris Agreement.
1602	1	Fossil fuel divestment	6	It recommended that the university divest from companies that “blatantly disregard the international effort to limit the rise in average global temperatures to not more than one and a half degrees Celsius above pre-industrial averages by 2050...These are fossil fuels companies whose actions are irreconcilable with achieving internationally agreed goals.
1603	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	"Franta identified this response as the Toronto Principle, which, as he argues, ""aligns rhetoric and action."
1604	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	It suggests that it is all institutions’ responsibility to give life to the Paris agreement.
1605	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	Harvard could adopt this Toronto principle, too, and the world would be better for it.
1606	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	"Franta also identified how the Toronto Principle would be put into practice, which includes ""moving investments away from coal companies and coal-fired power plants, companies seeking non-conventional or aggressive fossil fuel development (such as oil from the Arctic or tar sands), and possibly also companies that distort public policies or deceive the public on climate."
1607	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	At present, these activities are incompatible with the agreement in Paris.
1608	1	Fossil fuel divestment	7	In adhering to the Toronto Principle, Franta argues that leading institutions can use their status and power to meaningfully respond to the challenge of climate change, and act based on the goals at the Paris Agreement.
1609	1	Fossil fuel divestment	8	The Lofoten Declaration (2017) calls for curtailing hydrocarbon exploration and expansion of fossil fuel reserves.
1610	1	Fossil fuel divestment	8	It demands fossil fuel divestment and phase-out of use with a just transition to a low-carbon economy.
1611	1	Fossil fuel divestment	8	The Declaration calls for early leadership in these efforts from the economies that have benefited the most from fossil fuel extraction.
1612	1	Fossil fuel divestment	9	Stranded assets, which are known in relation to fossil fuel companies as the carbon bubble, occur when the reserves of fossil fuel companies are deemed environmentally unsustainable and so unusable and so must be written off.
1613	1	Fossil fuel divestment	9	Currently the price of fossil fuels companies' shares is calculated under the assumption that all of the companies' fossil fuel reserves will be consumed, and so the true costs of carbon dioxide in intensifying global warming is not taken into account in a company's stock market valuation.
1614	1	Fossil fuel divestment	10	In 2013 a study by HSBC found that between 40% and 60% of the market value of BP, Royal Dutch Shell and other European fossil fuel companies could be wiped out because of stranded assets caused by carbon emission regulation.
1615	1	Fossil fuel divestment	10	"Bank of England governor Mark Carney, speaking at the 2015 World Bank seminar, has stated: ""The vast majority of reserves are unburnable"" if global temperature rises are to be limited to below 2°C."
1616	1	Fossil fuel divestment	10	In 2019, Carney suggested that banks should be forced to disclose their climate-linked risks within the next two years, and said that more information would prompt investors to penalise and reward firms accordingly.
1617	1	Fossil fuel divestment	10	He warned that companies and industries that are not moving towards zero-carbon emissions could be punished by investors and go bankrupt.
1618	1	Fossil fuel divestment	11	In June 2014, the International Energy Agency released an independent analysis on the effect of carbon emissions controls.
1619	1	Fossil fuel divestment	11	This estimated that $300 billion in fossil-fuel investments would be stranded by 2035 if cuts in carbon emissions are adopted so that the global mean surface temperature increases by no more than 2°C.
1620	1	Fossil fuel divestment	12	A report by the Carbon Tracker Initiative found that between 2010 and 2015 the US coal sector had lost 76% of its value including the closure of 200 mines.
1621	1	Fossil fuel divestment	12	It found that Peabody Energy, the world's largest private coal mining company, had lost 80% of its share price over this time.
1622	1	Fossil fuel divestment	12	This was attributed to Environmental Protection Agency regulations and competition from shale gas.
1623	1	Fossil fuel divestment	13	In 2013, fossil fuel companies invested $670billion in exploration of new oil and gas resources.
1624	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	A 2015 report studied 20 fossil fuel companies and found that, while highly profitable, the hidden economic cost to society was also large.
1625	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	"The report spans the period 2008–2012 and notes that: ""for all companies and all years, the economic cost to society of their emissions was greater than their after‐tax profit, with the single exception of ExxonMobil in 2008."
1626	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	"Pure coal companies fare even worse: ""the economic cost to society exceeds total revenue (employment, taxes, supply purchases, and indirect employment) in all years, with this cost varying between nearly $2 and nearly $9 per $1 of revenue."
1627	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	The paper suggests:
1628	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	This hidden or externalised cost is an implicit subsidy and accordingly represents a risk to those companies.
1629	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	There is a reasonable chance that society will act to either reduce this societal cost by regulating against fossil fuel use or recover it by imposing carbon prices.
1630	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	Investors are increasingly focused on this risk and seeking to understand and manage it.
1631	1	Fossil fuel divestment	14	Similarly, in 2014, financial analyst firm Kepler Cheuvreux projected $28 trillion in lost value for fossil fuel companies under a regulatory scenario that targets 450 parts per million of atmospheric .
1632	1	Fossil fuel divestment	15	Competition from renewable energy sources may lead to the loss of value of fossil fuel companies due to their inability to compete commercially with the renewable energy sources.
1633	1	Fossil fuel divestment	15	In some cases this has already happened.
1634	1	Fossil fuel divestment	15	Deutsche Bank predicts that 80% of the global electricity market will have reached grid parity for solar electricity generation by the end of 2017.
1635	1	Fossil fuel divestment	15	In 2012, 67% of the world's electricity generation was produced from fossil fuels.
1636	1	Fossil fuel divestment	16	Stanwell Corporation, an electricity generator owned by the Government of Queensland made a loss in 2013 from its 4,000MW of coal and gas fired generation capacity.
1637	1	Fossil fuel divestment	16	The company attributed this loss to the expansion of rooftop solar generation which reduced the price of electricity during the day; on some days the price (usually AUD$40–50/MWh) was almost zero.
1638	1	Fossil fuel divestment	16	The Australian Government and Bloomberg New Energy Finance forecast the production of energy by rooftop solar to rise sixfold between 2014 and 2024.
1639	1	Fossil fuel divestment	17	Unstable fossil fuel prices has made investment in fossil fuel extraction a more risky investment opportunity.
1640	1	Fossil fuel divestment	17	West Texas Intermediate crude oil fell in value from $107 per barrel in June 2014 to $50 per barrel in January 2015.
1641	1	Fossil fuel divestment	17	Goldman Sachs stated in January 2015 that, if oil were to stabilize at $70 per barrel, $1 trillion of planned oilfield investments would not be profitable.
1642	1	Fossil fuel divestment	18	"A study by the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at the University of Oxford found that the stigmatisation of fossil fuel companies caused by divestment can ""materially increase the uncertainty surrounding the future cash flows of fossil-fuel companies."
1643	1	Fossil fuel divestment	18	"That, in turn, ""can lead to a permanent compression in the trading multiples – e.g., the share price to earnings (P/E) ratio of a target company."
1644	1	Fossil fuel divestment	19	The study also says that:
1645	1	Fossil fuel divestment	19	"According to a 2013 study by the Aperio Group, the economic risks of disinvestment from fossil fuel companies in the Russell 3000 Index are ""statistically irrelevant""."
1646	1	Fossil fuel divestment	20	"In November 2014, a group of seven undergraduate, graduate, and law students filed a lawsuit at the Suffolk County Superior Court against the president and fellows of Harvard College and others for ""mismanagement of charitable funds"" and ""intentional investment in abnormally dangerous activities"" in relation to Harvard's investments in fossil-fuel companies."
1647	1	Fossil fuel divestment	20	In March 2015, the superior court granted Harvard's motion to dismiss.
1648	1	Fossil fuel divestment	20	"The superior judge wrote: ""Plaintiffs have brought their advocacy, fervent and articulate and admirable as it is, to a forum that cannot grant the relief they seek."
1649	1	Fossil fuel divestment	21	"In October 2014, Exxon Mobil stated that the fossil-fuel divestment was ""out of step with reality"" and that ""to not use fossil fuels is tantamount to not using energy at all, and that's not feasible."
1650	1	Fossil fuel divestment	22	"In March 2014, John Felmy, the chief economist of the American Petroleum Institute, stated that the movement to divest from fossil-fuel companies ""truly disgusts me"" and stated that academics and campaigners who support divestment are misinformed, uninformed or liars."
1651	1	Fossil fuel divestment	22	Felmy particularly criticized the environmentalist and author Bill McKibben.
1652	1	Fossil fuel divestment	23	The World Coal Association has pointed out that divesting from the fossil fuel industry does not necessarily result in a reduction of demand for fossil fuels, rather it would result in environmentally conscious investors losing influence over the operation of those companies.
1653	1	Fossil fuel divestment	23	In fact, coal has been the fastest growing energy source over the last decade and is an important raw material for steel and cement in developing countries.
1654	1	Fossil fuel divestment	24	"From half a dozen college campuses in 2011, calling on their administrations to divest endowments from coal and other fossil fuels and invest in clean energy and ""just transition"" strategies to empower those most impacted by environmental degradation and climate change, the campaign had spread to an estimated 50 campuses in spring 2012."
1655	1	Fossil fuel divestment	24	By September 2014, 181 institutions and 656 individuals had committed to divest over $50 billion.
1656	1	Fossil fuel divestment	24	One year later, by September 2015, the numbers had grown to 436 institutions and 2,040 individuals across 43 countries, representing $2.6 trillion in assets, of which 56% were based on the commitment of pension funds and 37% of private companies.
1657	1	Fossil fuel divestment	24	By April 2016, already 515 institutions had joined the pledge, of which 27% faith-based groups, 24% foundations, 13% governmental organisations, 13% pension funds and 12% colleges, universities and schools, representing, together with the individual investors, a total of $3.4 trillion in assets.
1658	1	Fossil fuel divestment	24	By September 2019, total divestment commitments had grown to an approximate value of $11,48 trillion.
1659	1	Fossil fuel divestment	25	The divestment campaign at the Australian National University is one of the longest running in the world and, while it has not yet achieved full fossil fuel divestment, it has had substantial wins, most notably in 2011 and 2014.
1660	1	Fossil fuel divestment	26	Fossil Free ANU formed out of the ANU Environment Collective (EC), a consensus-based and non-hierarchical group of students affiliated with the Australian Student Environment Network, when students were notified in 2011 by campaigners at the Northern Rivers, NSW that ANU was the 12th largest shareholders in the coal seam gas company Metgasco.
1661	1	Fossil fuel divestment	26	Following student protests, including an event called 'ANU Gets Fracked' that saw students erect a mock gas rig in Union Court, the ANU Council announced in October 2013 that it would divest from Metgasco, citing student concerns and the fact that the Australian Ethical Investment did not approve of them.
1662	1	Fossil fuel divestment	26	"Tom Stayner, an activist from the EC, stated in the ANU student paper Woroni that: ""He took some convincing, but the Vice Chancellor is showing leadership on this urgent issue."
1663	1	Fossil fuel divestment	27	However, student concerns were again raised in 2012 when it was revealed that the ANU had only reduced its holding in Metgasco from over 4 million shares in 2011 to 2.5 million in 2012.
1664	1	Fossil fuel divestment	27	"In 2013, Tom Swann filed a FOI request to the ANU requesting all ""documents created during 2012, which refer to the University's purchase, sale or ownership of shares in any company which generates revenue from oil, coal, gas, or uranium."
1665	1	Fossil fuel divestment	27	These documents revealed that ANU had substantial holdings in major fossil fuel companies and had been buying shares in Santos while selling shares in Metgasco.
1666	1	Fossil fuel divestment	27	"Students lobbying and public pressure led the ANU Council to implement a Socially Responsible Investment Policy (SRI) in late 2013 modelled on Stanford University, which aims to ""avoid investment opportunities considered to be likely to cause substantial social injury."
1667	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	In 2014, students from Fossil Free ANU organised the first student-initiated referendum at the ANU and in elections in September more than 82 per cent of students voted in favour of the ANU divesting from fossil fuels in what was the highest turnout in a student election at the university in more than a decade.
1668	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	In October 2014, the ANU Council announced that it would divest from seven companies, two of which, Santos and Oil Search, performed poorly in an independent review undertaken by the Centre for Australian Ethical Research.
1669	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	"This decision provoked a month-long controversy with the ""Australian Financial Review"" publishing over 53 stories criticising the decision including 12 front pages attacking the ANU, with its editor-in-chief, Michael Stutchbury, prouncing the decision to be as ""disingenuous"" as banning the burqa."
1670	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	"These attacks, which ""The Canberra Times"" editorial described as ""verging on hysterical"" was joined by members of the cabinet of the Abbott Government, with the Treasurer Joe Hockey stating that the ANU Council is ""removed from the reality of what is helping to drive the Australian economy and create more employment,"" Education Minister Christopher Pyne calling it ""bizarre"" and Prime Minister Tony Abbott calling it ""stupid."
1671	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	"In response, Louis Klee, an activist from Fossil Free ANU, wrote in ""The Age"" that the reaction demonstrated not just ""the complicity of state power with the mining industry,"" but also that the citizens of this country are powerful voices in the debate over climate justice."
1672	1	Fossil fuel divestment	28	It demonstrates that they are, ultimately, voices speaking with growing eloquence, urgency and authority for one thing: action to address global climate change.
1673	1	Fossil fuel divestment	29	"Vice-Chancellor of ANU Ian Young stood by the decision, stating: On divestment, it is clear we were in the right and played a truly national and international leadership role... [W]e seem to have played a major role in a movement which now seems unstoppable.Meeting with students in the wake of the furore of the decision, Ian Young told activists from Fossil Free ANU that while he initially thought divestment was ""a sideshow,"" the reaction of the mining companies revealed that students ""were right all along."
1674	1	Fossil fuel divestment	30	ANU still has holdings in fossil fuel companies and Fossil Free ANU continues to campaign for ANU to 'Divest the Rest'.
1675	1	Fossil fuel divestment	31	350.org is an international environmental organization encouraging citizens to action with the belief that publicizing the increasing levels of carbon dioxide will pressure world leaders to address climate change and to reduce levels from 400 parts per million to 350 parts per million.
1676	1	Fossil fuel divestment	31	As part of its global policy, 350.org launched their Go Fossil Free: Divest from Fossil Fuels!
1677	1	Fossil fuel divestment	31	campaign in 2012, which campaign calls for colleges and universities, as well as cities, religious institutions, and pension funds to withdraw their investments from fossil fuel companies.
1678	1	Fossil fuel divestment	32	Divest-Invest Philanthropy is an international platform for institutions committed to fossil fuel divestment.
1679	1	Fossil fuel divestment	33	"In March 2015, ""The Guardian"" launched the 'Keep it in the ground' campaign encouraging the Wellcome Trust and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to divest from fossil fuel companies in which the foundation has a minimum of $1.4 billion invested."
1680	1	Fossil fuel divestment	33	The Wellcome Trust has £450m of investments in Shell, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto and BP.
1681	1	Fossil fuel divestment	33	The petition had received over 140,000 signatures by the end of March 2015.
1682	1	Fossil fuel divestment	34	Fossil Free Stanford is one of the highest-profile university divestment campaigns in the U.S.
1683	1	Fossil fuel divestment	34	In May 2014, the university divested its endowment, then valued at US$18.7 billion, from holdings in coal extraction companies following a sustained campaign by undergraduate students.
1684	1	Fossil fuel divestment	34	"Author Naomi Klein called the divestment, ""the most significant victory in the youth climate movement to date."
1685	1	Fossil fuel divestment	35	The campaign maintains widespread support on the campus, exemplified in multiple all-campus referenda, including in April 2014 and April 2018, in which the student body voted 75 percent and 81 percent in favor of divestment from all fossil fuels, respectively.
1686	1	Fossil fuel divestment	35	The Stanford Undergraduate Senate and Stanford Graduate Student Council also both passed resolutions calling for full fossil fuel divestment in 2014.
1687	1	Fossil fuel divestment	35	In 2016, the student body Presidents and Vice Presidents from both the 2016-2017 school year and the 2015-2016 school year published a letter calling for the university's leadership to represent the student consensus in support of fossil fuel divestment.
1688	1	Fossil fuel divestment	36	In January 2015, a group of more than 300 Stanford faculty published a letter calling for full divestment, which garnered international attention.
1689	1	Fossil fuel divestment	36	Additional faculty signed on in the following weeks such that the total grew to 457 faculty signatories.
1690	1	Fossil fuel divestment	36	Signatories included a former president of the university, multiple department chairs, a vice provost, multiple Nobel Laureates, and members of all seven of the university's schools.
1691	1	Fossil fuel divestment	37	In November 2015, in advance of the UNFCCC COP 21 climate negotiations that resulted in the Paris Agreement, over 100 students risked arrest by staging a non-violent sit-in, surrounding the university president's office for 5 days and 4 nights.
1692	1	Fossil fuel divestment	37	The sit-in ended when the university's president, John Hennessy, agreed on the fifth day to a public meeting with the student group.
1693	1	Fossil fuel divestment	37	In response to the students' publicized plans to hold this sit-in, the university's Board of Trustees published a letter to the UNFCCC calling for bold climate action.
1694	1	Fossil fuel divestment	38	In April 2016, the university's Board announced that it would take no further divestment action related to fossil fuel divestment.
1695	1	Fossil fuel divestment	38	In response, a group of over 1000 students and Alumni pledged during the school's graduation ceremonies in June 2016 to withhold all future donations until the school achieved full divestment.
1696	1	Fossil fuel divestment	39	Divest Harvard is an organization at Harvard University that seeks to compel the university to divest from fossil fuel companies.
1697	1	Fossil fuel divestment	39	The group was founded in 2012 by students at Harvard College.
1698	1	Fossil fuel divestment	39	In November 2012, a referendum on divestment passed at Harvard College with 72% support, followed by a similar referendum at the Harvard Law School in May 2013, which passed with 67% support.
1699	1	Fossil fuel divestment	39	During this time, representatives from Divest Harvard began meeting with members of Harvard University's governing body, the Harvard Corporation, but the meetings were described as unproductive.
1700	1	Fossil fuel divestment	40	In October 2013, the Harvard Corporation formally announced that the university would not consider a policy of divestment.
1701	1	Fossil fuel divestment	40	Following this, Divest Harvard began organizing rallies, teach-ins, and debates on divestment.
1702	1	Fossil fuel divestment	40	In March 2014, students from Divest Harvard recorded an impromptu exchange on divestment with Harvard President Drew Gilpin Faust, during which Faust appeared to claim that fossil fuel companies do not block efforts to counteract climate change.
1703	1	Fossil fuel divestment	40	The video has since become a source of controversy.
1704	1	Fossil fuel divestment	41	In April 2014, a group of nearly 100 Harvard faculty released an open letter to the Harvard Corporation arguing for divestment.
1705	1	Fossil fuel divestment	41	This was followed by a 30-hour blockade of the Harvard president's office by students protesting the president's refusal to engage in a public discussion of divestment; the Harvard administration terminated the blockade by arresting one of the student protesters.
1706	1	Fossil fuel divestment	41	Following the protest, Faust said she would not hold the open forum that students and faculty had requested and would not engage with students from Divest Harvard.
1707	1	Fossil fuel divestment	41	In May 2014, a group of Harvard alumni interrupted an alumni reunion event with Faust present by standing and holding a pro-divestment banner; the alumni were removed from the event and banned from Harvard's campus.
1708	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	In September 2014, Harvard faculty renewed their calls for an open forum on divestment and continued to argue for divestment publicly.
1709	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	In October 2014, Divest Harvard organized a three-day fast and public outreach event to call attention to the harms of climate change.
1710	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	In November 2014, a group of students calling themselves the Harvard Climate Justice Coalition filed a lawsuit against the Harvard Corporation to compel divestment on the grounds of Harvard's status as a non-profit organization.
1711	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	"The lawsuit was dismissed by a Massachusetts Superior Court judge, who wrote that ""Plaintiffs have brought their advocacy, fervent and articulate and admirable as it is, to a forum that cannot grant the relief they seek."
1712	1	Fossil fuel divestment	42	The plaintiffs have stated that they plan to appeal the decision.
1713	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	In January 2015, it was revealed that Harvard had increased its direct investments in fossil fuel companies considerably, and the number of faculty and alumni supporting divestment grew.
1714	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	By April 2015, the faculty group calling for divestment grew to 250, the Harvard alumni club of Vermont officially voted to endorse divestment, and Divest Harvard announced the creation of a fossil-free alumni donation fund that Harvard would receive conditional on divestment.
1715	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	In February 2015, Divest Harvard occupied the president's office for 24 hours in protest of the Harvard Corporation's continued unwillingness to engage students on the topic of divestment.
1716	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	This was followed by an open letter from a group of prominent Harvard alumni urging the university to divest.
1717	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	In April 2015, Divest Harvard and Harvard alumni carried out an announced week-long protest called Harvard Heat Week, which included rallies, marches, public outreach, and a continuous civil disobedience blockade of administrative buildings on campus.
1718	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	The Harvard administration avoided engaging with the protest.
1719	1	Fossil fuel divestment	43	Following Heat Week, Divest Harvard carried out an unannounced one-day civil disobedience blockade of the Harvard president's office in protest of continued lack of action by the Harvard administration.
1720	1	Fossil fuel divestment	44	Fossil Free MIT (FFMIT) is a student organization at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology made up of MIT undergrads, graduate students, post-docs, faculty, staff and alumni.
1721	1	Fossil fuel divestment	44	"The group was formed in Fall 2012 by six MIT students following a visit to Boston by Bill McKibben of 350.org on his ""Do the Math"" tour."
1722	1	Fossil fuel divestment	44	The group has collected over 3,500 signatures in a petition calling for MIT to (1) immediately freeze new investments in fossil fuel companies, and (2) divest within five years from current holdings in these companies.
1723	1	Fossil fuel divestment	45	"Following discussions with FFMIT, the university administration initiated a ""campus-wide conversation"" on climate change to take place from November 2014 to May 2015, which included the formation of the MIT Climate Change Conversation Committee."
1724	1	Fossil fuel divestment	45	The committee, composed of 13 faculty, staff, and students, was charged with engaging the MIT community to determine how the university could address climate change and with offering recommendations.
1725	1	Fossil fuel divestment	45	The conversation included solicitation of ideas and opinions of MIT community members, as well as a number of public events.
1726	1	Fossil fuel divestment	45	The largest event was a fossil fuel divestment debate among six prominent voices on climate change that was attended by approximately 500 people.
1727	1	Fossil fuel divestment	46	The committee released a report in June 2015, recommending a number of initiatives to be undertaken by the university.
1728	1	Fossil fuel divestment	46	"In regards to fossil fuel divestment, the committee ""rejected the idea of blanket divestment from all fossil fuel companies""; although there was ""support by (three-quarter) majority of the committee for targeted divestment from companies whose operations are heavily focused on the exploration for and/or extraction of the fossil fuels that are least compatible with mitigating climate change, for example coal and tar sands."
1729	1	Fossil fuel divestment	47	Following the campus-wide conversation, on 21 October 2015, President L. Rafael Reif announced the MIT Plan for Action on Climate Change.
1730	1	Fossil fuel divestment	47	"While the plan enacted many of the committee's recommendations, the university administration chose not to divest its holdings in fossil fuel companies, stating that ""divestment...is incompatible with the strategy of engagement with industry to solve problems that is at the heart of today’s plan."
1731	1	Fossil fuel divestment	48	The following day, Fossil Free MIT began a sit-in outside the office of the President to protest the shortcomings of the plan, including the rejection of divestment.
1732	1	Fossil fuel divestment	48	Over 100 people overall participated in the sit-in, which received coverage by multiple news outlets, including the Boston Globe, Boston Magazine, and the Daily Caller.
1733	1	Fossil fuel divestment	48	The sit-in, which lasted 116 days, ended officially with an agreement with Vice President for Research Maria Zuber following negotiations about how to improve the Plan.
1734	1	Fossil fuel divestment	48	The agreement did not include divestment, but succeeded in establishing a climate advisory committee and a climate ethics forum.
1735	1	Fossil fuel divestment	48	"In addition, the administration agreed to strengthen the university's carbon mitigation commitments, striving for carbon neutrality ""as soon as possible."
1736	1	Fossil fuel divestment	49	A number of individuals and organisations have voiced support for fossil fuel divestment including:
1737	1	Fossil fuel divestment	51	"In March 2015 Mary Robinson, Ban Ki-moon's special envoy on climate change and former Irish President stated, ""it is almost a due diligence requirement to consider ending investment in dirty energy companies""."
1738	1	Fossil fuel divestment	52	Desmond Tutu has voiced support for fossil fuel divestment and compared it to divestment from South Africa in protest of apartheid.
1739	1	Fossil fuel divestment	53	In 2015, the London Assembly passed a motion calling on the Mayor of London to urgently divest pension funds from fossil fuel companies
1740	1	Fossil fuel divestment	54	A prominent speaker at the 5th annual World Pensions & Investments Forum held in December 2015, Earth Institute Director Jeffrey Sachs voiced for institutional investors to take their fiduciary responsibility in reducing the risk of losses via fossil fuel divestment.
1741	1	Fossil fuel divestment	55	In February 2015 alumni of Harvard University including Natalie Portman, Robert F. Kennedy, Jr, Darren Aronofsky and Susan Faludi wrote an open letter to Harvard University demanding that it divest its $35.9 billion endowment from coal, gas, and oil companies.
1742	1	Fossil fuel divestment	56	Harvard's decision not to divest was explained in an open letter from the University President, Drew Faust:
1743	1	Fossil fuel divestment	57	The University of Glasgow became the first university in Europe to agree to divest from fossil fuels.
1744	1	Fossil fuel divestment	57	The NSA whistle-blower Edward Snowden commented:
1745	1	Fossil fuel divestment	58	For list of fossil fuel companies that divestment campaigns target, see List of oil exploration and production companies.
1746	1	Fossil fuel divestment	59	Governments and pension funds in the United States that have partially or completely divested, or that have taken steps toward divestment, include (listed alphabetically):
1747	1	Fossil fuel divestment	60	Colleges and universities which have partially or completely divested, or which have taken steps toward divestment, include (listed alphabetically):
1748	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	In September 2014, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund announced it would be divesting its fossil fuel investments totalling $60 million.
1749	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	We are quite convinced that if he were alive today, as an astute businessman looking out to the future, he would be moving out of fossil fuels and investing in clean, renewable energy.
1750	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	The 2013 general synod of the United Church of Christ (UCC) passed a resolution (sponsored by the Massachusetts Conference and ten other conferences of the UCC) outlining a path to divestment of church funds from fossil-fuel holdings.
1751	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	Under the resolution, a plan for divestment will be developed by June 2018.
1752	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	The original proposal considered by the general synod called for a five-year plan to divestment; this was changed following negotiations between divestment proponents and the UCC's investment arm, United Church Funds.
1753	1	Fossil fuel divestment	62	United Church Funds also established a denominational fossil-free fund (believed to be the first of its kind), which raised almost $16 million from UCC congregations, conferences, and other groups by late September 2014.
1754	1	Fossil fuel divestment	63	In June 2014, the trustees of Union Theological Seminary in New York City unanimously voted to begin divesting fossil fuels from the seminary's $108.4 million endowment.
1755	1	Fossil fuel divestment	64	On 30 April 2015, the Church of England agreed to divest £12million from its tar sands oil and thermal coal holdings.
1756	1	Fossil fuel divestment	64	The church has a £9billion investment fund.
1757	1	Fossil fuel divestment	66	Ireland is to be the world's first country to divest public money from fossil fuels.
1758	1	Fossil fuel divestment	66	Other sources.
1759	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Freshwater becomes acidic when acid inputs surpass the quantity of bases produced in the reservoir through weathering of rocks, or by the reduction of acid anions, like sulfate and nitrate within the lake.
1760	1	Freshwater acidification	1	The main reason for Freshwater acidification is atmospheric depositions and soil leaching of SO and NOx.</sub> In an acid-sensitive ecosystem, which includes slow-weathering bedrock and depleted base cation pools, SO and NO from runoff will be accompanied by acidifying hydrogen ions and inorganic aluminum, which can be toxic to marine organisms.
1761	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Acid rain is also a contributor to freshwater acidification, however acid rain is formed when SO and NO react with water, oxygen and oxidants within the clouds.
1762	1	Freshwater acidification	1	In addition to SO and NO the buffering capacity of soils and bedrocks within the freshwater ecosystem can contribute to the acidity of the water.
1763	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Each freshwater reservoir has a capacity to buffer acids.
1764	1	Freshwater acidification	1	However, with excess input of acids into the reservoir, the buffering capacity will essentially “run out” and the water will eventually become more acidic.
1765	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Increase in atmospheric CO affects freshwater acidity very similarly to the way rising CO affects ocean ecosystems.
1766	1	Freshwater acidification	1	However, because of the various carbon fluxes in freshwater ecosystems, it is difficult to quantify the effects of anthropogenic CO.
1767	1	Freshwater acidification	1	Finally, rising freshwater acidification is harmful to various aquatic organisms.
1768	1	Freshwater acidification	2	The ocean and the atmosphere are constantly exchanging massive amounts of CO. Over the last 800 000 years, the concentration of CO in the atmosphere remained around 172-300 parts per million by volume (ppmv).
1769	1	Freshwater acidification	2	However, with recent anthropogenic CO emissions, this number has increased to 387 ppmv in 2009.
1770	1	Freshwater acidification	2	From 2000-2008, 26% of anthropogenic CO was absorbed by the ocean.
1771	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Although ocean acidification is also caused by other chemical additions and removals, CO is the primary factor affecting pH.
1772	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Once CO is dissolved in seawater, it becomes a weak acid that primarily affects carbonate chemistry.
1773	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Dissolved CO increases the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO), dissolved inorganic carbon (C) and lowers the pH.
1774	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Freshwater also absorbs atmospheric CO, which can also lower the pH.
1775	1	Freshwater acidification	2	In addition to CO, freshwater reservoir's pH values are altered by acid rain, nutrient runoff, and other anthropogenic pollutants.
1776	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Freshwater uptakes CO in the same mechanism as seawater, however, freshwater alkalinity is much lower than seawater, due to the absence of a salt-buffer.
1777	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Due to the lack of salt-buffer, pH changes in freshwater tend to be much greater than ocean water, due to newly released H ions not being buffered by as many bicarbonate (HCO) ions as ocean water.
1778	1	Freshwater acidification	2	Therefore, the freshwater biota tends to have a higher evolutionary pH tolerance than seawater biota.
1779	1	Freshwater acidification	3	The accelerated burning of fossil fuels within the past century has largely contributed to the acidification of freshwater ecosystems.
1780	1	Freshwater acidification	3	In the 1970's, the sulfate emissions levels peaked, with nitrogen following behind 10 years later.
1781	1	Freshwater acidification	3	The main contributors to freshwater acidification are SO and NO Increases in sulfate concentration in runoff, due to increased acidity inputs, is coupled with an increase in base cation run-off and bicarbonate decrease, creating the acidifying effect seen in freshwater ecosystems.
1782	1	Freshwater acidification	3	In a natural state, most nitrogen inputted into freshwater ecosystems will be utilized by vegetation.
1783	1	Freshwater acidification	3	However, in excess amounts, all of the nitrogen is unable to be utilized by vegetation, and excess nitrogen is found as nitrate in the water’s runoff.
1784	1	Freshwater acidification	3	Nitrate will contribute to acidification in the same manner as sulfate.
1785	1	Freshwater acidification	4	In addition to SO and NO, low buffering capacities of ecosystems can also lead to freshwater acidity.
1786	1	Freshwater acidification	4	For example, Atlantic Canada has the lowest acid deposition rates in Eastern North America, with the most acidic waters on the continent.
1787	1	Freshwater acidification	4	This is due to the low buffering of the regional bedrock and the addition of natural organic acids produced by close-by wetlands.
1788	1	Freshwater acidification	4	Specifically, in Southwestern and Eastern Nova Scotia, there is a combination of high organic acidity, poor buffering, and high acid deposition to produce a very low surface water pH and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) values.
1789	1	Freshwater acidification	4	In most of the Atlantic region, granite and shale bedrock are found, which contain very little buffering material.
1790	1	Freshwater acidification	4	Soil formed from low-buffering materials and the waters that drain from them are, therefore, susceptible to acidification, even under low acid deposition.
1791	1	Freshwater acidification	5	In oceans, CO in the atmosphere can dissolve into the water’s surface, and forms carbonic acid.
1792	1	Freshwater acidification	5	The total inorganic carbon in freshwater involves free CO (or HCO), HCO and carbonate (CO).
1793	1	Freshwater acidification	5	The percentage of all these constituents is also dependent on the pH of the body of water.
1794	1	Freshwater acidification	5	When water is acidic it will primarily contain CO.
1795	1	Freshwater acidification	5	It is often difficult to quantify the effects of pCO levels in freshwater due to the various sources of carbon dioxide freshwater ecosystems receive.
1796	1	Freshwater acidification	5	Factors such as nearby ecosystem, agriculture, land use, watershed, lake size, precipitation, soil type and rocks all determine the amount of CO absorbed.
1797	1	Freshwater acidification	5	However, there has been a clear increase in pCO in freshwater ecosystems in the last century due to anthropogenic influence.
1798	1	Freshwater acidification	5	As the vegetation near freshwater ecosystems grow larger and multiply, due to the excess pCO feeding these plants, the carbon available at death and during decomposition increases.
1799	1	Freshwater acidification	5	Then, precipitation, weathering and runoff will wash this soil into the nearby water.
1800	1	Freshwater acidification	5	When the pCO from the decomposing vegetation reacts with the water, it forms carbonic acid, which contributes to a lower pH level.
1801	1	Freshwater acidification	6	With increased acidification in freshwater ecosystems, there will be a decrease in biodiversity, with the increased loss of acid-sensitive species.
1802	1	Freshwater acidification	6	A fall in pH to 6 would drastically affect both snail and crustacean’s species within freshwater.
1803	1	Freshwater acidification	6	For example, within the Norwegian lakes, these species represent 45% of the trout’s food source, resulting in a 10-30% reduction in trout due to freshwater acidification.
1804	1	Freshwater acidification	6	In addition, zooplankton’s species diversity is affected by freshwater acidification.
1805	1	Freshwater acidification	7	In most acidic freshwater reservoirs, there will be an increase in the development of mosses and algae.
1806	1	Freshwater acidification	7	In particular, it is common to see an increase in the abundance of the moss Sphagnum.
1807	1	Freshwater acidification	7	Sphagnum has a high capacity to exchange H for basic cations within freshwater.
1808	1	Freshwater acidification	7	The thick layer of Sphagnum is restricting the exchange between surface water and sediment, which further contributes to reduction in nutrient cycling in the ecosystem.
1809	0	Luca Scassa	1	Luca Scassa (born 23 August 1983 in Arezzo) is an Italian motorcycle racer who is a Ducati Corse test rider.
1810	0	Arnold II Hahót	3	Perhaps Arnold was appointed Palatine on a temporary basis, when Béla waited in exile until the withdrawal of all Mongol forces, and later re-establishment of the royal court in Hungary.
1811	0	Omoljica	6	"There is a memorial table in the village, made of marble, commemorating his stay in Omoljica, which he called ""Halmalica"" in his writings."
1812	0	Qu Shengqing	4	After just 4 months in China and a string of poor performances, Qu signed with Adelaide United once again.
1813	0	Heinrich Lamm	4	Because of his Jewish origin, the Nazis' seizure of control in Germany undermined his hopes of an academic career.
1814	0	Exarch	29	In practice, exarch of any rank can be additionally assisted by an auxiliary exarch, who is appointed in order to help the exarch in administration of his exarchate.
1815	0	Scottish national identity	3	"King of Alba"")."
1816	0	Rocca di Borgia	2	It was originally built to enforce Borgia rule over Camerino and the surrounding area after Cesare's defeat of the Da Varano.
1817	0	Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District	1	The district is bounded to the north, south, east and west, respectively by 47th Street, 59th Street, Lake Park Avenue and Cottage Groves Avenue.
1818	0	Thomas Davey (governor)	2	He was promoted to first lieutenant in mid-1780 but fell ill shortly afterward and was invalided back to England.
1819	0	History of guerrilla warfare	35	The total death toll in the war came to a little over 2000 people.
1820	0	Islamic Relief USA	3	Islamic Relief USA and Equal Exchange launched The Islamic Relief USA Fair Trade Project in October 2009.
1821	0	Hele-Shaw clutch	2	A stack of plates is enclosed in a housing with a divided central shaft.
1822	0	Leon Hess	2	Hess was born on March 14, 1914, to a Jewish family in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
1823	0	Thomas Holyoake	2	1636; M.A.
1824	0	Jesse Wagstaff	8	After graduating from MSU Denver, Wagstaff returned to Australia and joined the SEABL's Canberra Gunners for a one-game stint, recording 28 points and 14 rebounds in a win over the NW Tasmania Thunder on 13 June 2009.
1825	0	Asiablatta kyotensis	3	"A. kyotensis"" are known to be in China (Shanghai, Zhejiang), Japan, southern and western parts of South Korea."
1826	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	9	"None are in Stan's native Romanian, though Hitfire suggested that her accent is strong enough that ""Thanks for Leaving"", a ballad written in the aftermath of Stan's violent breakup with Prodan, would have sounded better in Romanian."
1827	0	USS Tawakoni (ATF-114)	3	On 1 July she made for Leyte in the Philippines, which is where V-J day found her.
1828	0	Flutamide	21	The mechanism of action of flutamide-induced hepatotoxicity is thought to be due to mitochondrial toxicity.
1829	0	Four Holy Marshals	3	Evidence of their cult is testified by documentation dating from 1478; however, the joint cult of these four saints may have existed earlier.
1830	0	John Hopkins (lawyer)	2	In 1981, he was elected Honorary Bencher of Middle Temple, London.
1831	0	The Very Best of Sting &amp; The Police	6	13.
1832	0	Soyo	3	This expansion allowed Soyo to control several sub-provinces including Pambala, Kimi, Tubii, along the Congo River, and Lovata (among others) along the Atlantic coast.
1833	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	31	Since 1964, the game has always been played at either Lane Stadium or Scott Stadium on the campuses of the two universities.
1834	0	Banksia lindleyana	7	"Lindleyanae"", which was placed between ""B."
1835	0	20th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)	1	Until September 15, 1918, was known as the 1st Infantry Division Penza (order to Division N 45).
1836	0	Thaddeus of Warsaw	3	The book was responsible for the name of Warsaw, North Carolina (founded ).
1837	0	Ampato	2	They were formed sequentially by extrusion of lava flows, but Ampato has also had explosive eruptions which have deposited ash, lapilli and pumice in the surrounding landscape.
1838	0	Ninong Ering	4	"On 19 February 2011, Ninong Ering allegedly criticised the anti-corruption drive of Indian religious leader Swami Ramdev and referred to him as a ""bloody dog""."
1839	0	Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales	6	"Sally decides to give everyone paper airplanes for Christmas and writes her Christmas letter to ""Samantha Claus"" (her beard being a disguise)."
1840	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	10	Rockmond Dunbar reprises his role in the last two episodes of Prison Break.
1841	0	Berber calendar	27	The traditional Berber calendar was not linked to an era with respect to which years were calculated.
1842	0	Martin Raguž	9	The committee decided to adopt the draft package for a hearing before House of Representatives on 18 April 2006.
1843	0	Society of Catholic Worker Circles	1	The association also included among its founders and leaders René de la Tour du Pin, Felix de Roquefeuil-Cahuzac and Maurice Maignen.
1844	0	African Malaria Network Trust	11	The Board of Trustees is the ultimate authority in matters of policy and investment.
1845	0	1930–31 UCLA Bruins men's basketball team	1	They finished the regular season with a record of 9–6 and were third in the southern division with a record of 4–5.
1846	0	Demofoonte (Mysliveček) (1775)	2	"It was very successful at its premiere, to the point that the ""prima donna"" for the production, Antonia Bernasconi, specially brought arias from it with her to her next engagement in London."
1847	0	National Register of Historic Places listings in Duplin County, North Carolina	1	This list includes properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Duplin County, North Carolina.
1848	0	Kernel marker	7	By doing so, neither the stack setup nor the function call are executed when instrumentation is not enabled.
1849	0	Förvaltare	4	"The ""Officer"" category was renamed regementsofficerare to include"
1850	0	The Killing of Angel Street	9	The film was entered into the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival, where it won an Honourable Mention.
1851	0	Forêt du Tapcal	1	Recent expeditions have shown the presence of humans on the outskirts of the first.
1852	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	4	"Architectural features of Dundas House are represented today on the ""Ilay"" series of banknotes issued by the Royal Bank; the building's Palladian facade features on the obverse of each note, and the background graphic on both sides of the notes is a radial star design which is based on the ornate ceiling of the banking hall inside Dundas House, designed by John Dick Peddie in 1857."
1853	0	Twice in a Lifetime (film)	3	For his 50th birthday, his wife Kate blithely tells him to just go to his favorite corner tavern and have a good time.
1854	0	Man on Pink Corner	5	At some point the narrator returns to the brothel.
1855	0	Michael Layard	4	In retirement Layard became a Trustee of the Fleet Air Arm Museum, and a Governor of Pangbourne College.
1856	0	Rumspringa (band)	1	Rumspringa is a rock band from Los Angeles, California.
1857	0	Adriana Lessa	6	She was the only Brazilian to participate in the musical Folies Bergère in Las Vegas at the invitation of the program Amaury Jr.
1858	0	Manhattan Cafe	3	As a foal, the colt was put up for auction at the JRHA Select Sale and was sold for ¥136,500,000.
1859	0	CHIJ Saint Nicholas Girls' School	3	The already strong bilingual culture of the school thus allowed it to adapt seamlessly to the SAP scheme, bringing it out of its precarious situation and giving it a new shot at prominence.
1860	0	Jakobstad	3	"The town was founded at the old harbour of the parish ""Pedersöre""."
1861	0	Cebgo	4	However, due to the unfavorable operating environment, the plan was put into hiatus.
1862	0	2015–16 VfL Wolfsburg season	1	The 2015–16 VfL Wolfsburg season was the 71st season in the club's football history.
1863	0	Tom Papa	3	"In 2005 he released his debut comedy album ""Calm, Cool, & Collected""."
1864	0	Antillean Adventist University	6	Married families and teachers hid in the lower floor of the new industrial building.
1865	0	Dorothy V. M. Bishop	4	Bishop conducts research into Psychology, Neuroscience, Language and Developmental disorders.
1866	0	Jesse Wagstaff	9	Following his first hit out in the NBL, Wagstaff joined the Perth Redbacks for the 2010 SBL season.
1867	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	44	"For this reason, Mahasi Sayadaw holds that although for an arahant ""cessation means the extinction of the successive rise and fall of the aggregates"" this is not the view of annihilation (""uccheda-diṭṭhi"") since there is ultimately no individual to be annihilated."
1868	0	James Agustin Greer	6	In 1866 he was elected a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS).
1869	0	Vanadium(III) oxide	1	VO has the corundum structure.
1870	0	Bacteriuria	5	Certain populations which are not able to feel or express symptoms of an infection are also tested when showing nonspecific symptoms.
1871	0	History of guerrilla warfare	16	In a different sense, the imperial command that the Russian serfs should attack the French resembled guerrilla tactics in its reliance on partisans rather than army regulars.
1872	0	El Alebrije (wrestler)	5	The match came down to La Sombra pinning Olímpico to unmask him.
1873	0	Damita Jo (album)	13	"The second song, ""Damita Jo"", is composed of hip-hop and brittle funk."
1874	0	Little Dark Age	13	Additional musicians
1875	0	Brandon Stirling Baker	2	Mr.Baker is a graduate of the California Institute of the Arts and studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music & Drama in Glasgow, Scotland
1876	0	Carl Zeiss AG	43	Zeiss produces optically identical manual-focus lenses for multiple SLR lens mounts under the ZE, ZF, ZK, and ZS lines, manufactured in Japan by Cosina to Zeiss specifications.
1877	0	Naked Eyes	3	The two had formerly played in a band called Neon, which also featured future members of Tears for Fears.
1878	0	Damita Jo (album)	9	"Songwriter Sean Garrett described being ""starstruck"", calling the session an ""essential"" part of his early career."
1879	0	Mikhail Myasnikovich	4	From 1973 to 1983 Worked at the Minsk Water Supply and Water Treatment Plant, the Department of Public Utilities' Companies for the Minsk City Executive Committee.
1880	0	Mouni Sadhu	23	But at the same time he recognizes the fact that not all are immediately attracted to or able to follow a true and genuine spiritual path.
1881	0	Paleontology in Texas	6	More than 320 kinds of crinoids are known from the region and more than 50 different kinds of blastoids as well.
1882	0	Tautomer	1	This reaction commonly results in the relocation of a proton.
1883	0	Hangzhou High School	2	Hangzhou High School has two campuses, the Gongyuan Campus at No.238, Fengqi Road, and the Qianjiang Campus at No.1958 East Zhijiang Road.
1884	0	Blek	2	It received a 2014 Apple Design Award, and has sold over one million copies.
1885	0	CONFER (software)	32	The buttons at the top of the screen allow the user to join a conference, read any item, enter a new item, forget an item, and mark all items as seen.
1886	0	Raley's Supermarkets	2	Raley ran the company until his death on December 27, 1991, at the age of 88.
1887	0	Tautomer	4	Common tautomeric pairs include:
1888	0	The Gift (Way Out West song)	1	The song reached #15 on the UK Singles Chart that year, and also peaked at #2 on the UK Dance Chart.
1889	0	Battle of Bronnitsy	4	As a result of the victory at Bronnitsy, the Swedes regained military initiative in the Ingrian War and began the siege of Gdov, who covered the road to Pskov from the north.
1890	0	Île de la Cité	1	The Île de la Cité () is one of two remaining natural islands in the Seine within the city of Paris (the other being the Île Saint-Louis).
1891	0	1908 Wake Forest Baptists football team	1	The 1908 Wake Forest Baptists football team was an American football team that represented Wake Forest College during the 1908 college football season.
1892	0	History of guerrilla warfare	41	Even before the outbreak of total war in 1937, partisans were already present in Manchuria hampering Japan's occupation of the region.
1893	0	Leesten	1	Leesten is a small village located in Bavaria, Germany.
1894	0	The Dirt (film)	16	"David Fear of ""Rolling Stone"" gave the film a rating of two out of five stars, saying that ""This is rock bad-boy lore as a rocking bore, an endless parade of recreated afterparty ecstasy and emptiness that robs ""The Dirt"" of the vicarious thrill it had on the page — the sense that you shouldn’t be having this much of a second-hand high reading about musicians acting like horrible people but still seeming living-the-dream heroic."
1895	0	Chances Bar	2	I was spear-fishing with my 12-year-old son in Greece and he said, 'You know Dad, we never get to just hang out.
1896	0	International cricket in South Africa from 1971 to 1981	2	Cricket was no different.
1897	0	Tapestry (DHT)	5	Each identifier is mapped to a live node called the root.
1898	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Vlastějovice -
1899	0	Claudio Dadómo	8	!Year!!Apps!
1900	0	Expert	29	In other words, the expert enjoys the deference of the audience’s judgment and can appeal to authority where a non-expert cannot.
1901	0	Command &amp; Conquer: Tiberium Alliances	2	Credit is for transferring Tiberium and crystals between bases.
1902	0	Jorge Moragas	11	Later, in 2014, he is appointed Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Italy and, in 2015, receives the Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru, for his role during the State Visit of the President of the Republic, as well as his role in strengthening the bilateral relationship between the two countries.
1903	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	5	The team that took the field was unchanged other than for Kane who took Gordon’s place at left half.
1904	0	Henri Schoeman	3	Schoeman won the 2016 ITU World Triathlon Series Grand Final September 18, 2016, placing him 4th overall for the series.
1905	0	KCRP	1	KCRP may refer to:
1906	0	Nikolai Fyodorovich Fyodorov	14	Fyodorov repeatedly said that only general scientific studies of aging, death and postmortem studies can deliver the means to overcome death and promote indefinite healthy lifespan.
1907	0	Jesse Wagstaff	8	In his rookie season with the Wildcats, Wagstaff was a serviceable role player as he averaged 9.0 points and 3.6 rebounds in 33 games, backing up Shawn Redhage in what was a championship-winning season for the Wildcats.
1908	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	9	Meeker, in his testimony, argued that the Trail issue would be of such importance.
1909	0	History of guerrilla warfare	23	However, Federal attempts to defeat Mosby's Partisan Rangers fell short of success because of Mosby's use of very small units (10–15 men) operating in areas considered friendly to the Rebel cause.
1910	0	Tarrytown Light	7	Commerce sharply increased in the 1820s with the development of the Erie and Delaware and Hudson canals.
1911	0	Carl Zeiss AG	27	"The technique of applying multiple layers of coating was developed from this basis after the war, and known as ""T✻"" (T-star)."
1912	0	FastPictureViewer	14	Users can control the type of metadata included in published JPEG files: Exif, XMP, IPTC, GPS and copyright information can be enabled or disabled individually.
1913	0	Stone skipping	3	For a female it is 52.5m by Nina Luginbuhl (Switzerland).
1914	0	Andris Ambainis	5	Ambainis was an invited speaker at the 2018 International Congress of Mathematicians, speaking on mathematical aspects of computer science.
1915	0	Cachoeira de Pajeú	1	Cachoeira de Pajeú is a municipality in the northeast of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais.
1916	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	10	"Coin dealer and author Q. David Bowers states that ""on the surface the motivation seemed to be good enough ... doubtless many American citizens had family ties to the famous migration""."
1917	0	Shaun Wane	7	Wane helped Wigan to the Championship victory during the 1986–87 season.
1918	0	Arnold II Hahót	4	"Arnold served as ""ispán"" of Nyitra County in 1244; according to a non-authentic charter, he held the office in 1245 too."
1919	0	Lilian Brøgger	2	"The first work with her illustrations, the 25-page book for small children, ""Der hvor Linda bor"" (The Place Where Linda Lives), was published in 1975."
1920	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	6	On 31 August Dumbarton made the short trip to neighbours Vale of Leven in the league.
1921	0	Optical properties of carbon nanotubes	20	Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes emit near-infrared light upon photoexcitation, described interchangeably as fluorescence or photoluminescence (PL).
1922	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	10	"Later exegetical works developed a whole new set of folk etymological definitions of the word nirvana, using the root ""vana"" to refer to ""to blow"", but re-parsing the word to roots that mean ""weaving, sewing"", ""desire"" and ""forest or woods"":"
1923	0	9th Bhopal Infantry	4	The battalion's new designation was 4th Battalion (Bhopal) 16th Punjab Regiment.
1924	0	Carl Zeiss AG	2	Carl Zeiss AG is owned by the foundation Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung.
1925	0	George Walker (footballer, born 1877)	2	Born in Wednesbury, Walker played for Wolverhampton Wanderers, before joining the newly established club, Crystal Palace.
1926	0	Fung Ying Ki	2	After the 2004 Paralympic Games he relearn to walk with lower limbs sensation deficiency and retired from fencing.
1927	0	Qu Shengqing	3	Qu soon established himself as a top striker in the A-League.
1928	0	Hal Hartley	11	It premiered at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival and received a limited cinematic release, receiving mostly negative reviews.
1929	0	Moon in Scorpio	3	The couples meet on the boat and set sail.
1930	0	Wayne Ryan	1	Wayne Ryan may refer to:
1931	0	Roman Catholic Diocese of Hvar-Brač-Vis	4	In 1278 the seat of the diocese was transferred to Hvar which under pressure from Venice was then being developed into the major town on the island.
1932	0	Khagen Mahanta	4	"During the ""language movement"" in 1960, Khagen Mahanta got actively involved in it under the leadership of personalities like Bishnuprasad Rabha, Hemanga Biswas, and Jugal Das."
1933	0	Pierre Amine Gemayel	4	He was re-elected in 2005.
1934	0	Stan Stammers	6	In January 1983 after the demise of Theatre of Hate, Brandon and Stammers started Spear of Destiny.
1935	0	Mars Attacks!	17	"Production designer Thomas Wynn (""A Beautiful Mind"", ""Malcolm X"") intended to have the war room pay tribute to ""Dr. Strangelove"" (1964)."
1936	0	Christopher Ward (watchmaker)	14	The peak has been named after the company and is now known as Mount Christopher Ward.
1937	0	Kimnyole	10	Factions formed around the two aspirants and minor skirmishes took place between their supporters but this did not extend to full-scale war.
1938	0	Strømmen IF	4	Strømmen got relegated in 2007, but retained their spot since Odd Grenland 2 got demoted to the 3. divisjon, following Odd's first team being relegated from the top tier, Tippeligaen.
1939	0	Buddhika Kurukularatne	2	Later received his secondary education from Dharmasoka College and St. Thomas' College, Guruthalawa.
1940	0	Ian Collins (footballer)	1	"Ian ""Collo"" Collins AM (born 24 October 1942) is a former Australian rules footballer and is now a high-profile businessman."
1941	0	Markranstädt	4	The first documentary mention of Markranstädt was in 1285 as the seat of a court.
1942	0	Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales	5	Linus tries to ask for her address to send her a Christmas card, and she gives an address that turns out to be fake when the card is returned.
1943	0	Love Never Faileth	6	"and ""The B.C."
1944	0	James V. Forrestal Building	25	The debate between the CFA and joint venture had now lasted several months, and the Department of Defense (DOD) became frustrated because its structure still had not been built.
1945	0	Gordon Hunt (musician)	6	Hunt has made several CD recordings, from which tracks are regularly broadcast on Classic FM (UK) and other radio stations.
1946	0	Roohi Bano	4	She was conferred the Pride of Performance award by the President of Pakistan in 1981.
1947	0	Culture of Argentina	23	"Argentine comics were living its ""Golden Age"" between the 1940s and the 1960s."
1948	0	Andrew Schally	5	He developed a new realm of knowledge concerning the brain's control over the body chemistry.
1949	0	Rog (factory)	7	In the following years, revitalization of the area was much discussed, and the main factory building (being the first steel and concrete building in Slovenia) became protected as a cultural heritage site in 1998.
1950	0	Bhabendra Nath Saikia	5	"Kolahal"" was selected for broadcast from foreign centres."
1951	0	Sivananda Radha Saraswati	9	How do I prepare for the rest of my life?
1952	0	Alaska Bar Association	2	Admission depended upon the votes of the board of directors and the payment of a dollar fee.
1953	0	Climate of Africa	1	African deserts are the sunniest and the driest parts of the continent, owing to the prevailing presence of the subtropical ridge with subsiding, hot, dry air masses.
1954	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	24	As a victor, the Soviet Union gained new prestige and more land.
1955	0	Almora	17	Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 2950 which is 8.65% of total population of Almora (NPP).
1956	0	Kurów	7	Many former Jewish residents of Kurów emigrated to America, Israel, Argentina, France before World War II and other points elsewhere, wherever they could find refuge.
1957	0	Thomas Davey (governor)	2	There are no records of his childhood or early youth.
1958	0	Harry Whelehan	5	The Seventeenth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland passed in 1997 loosened this restriction.
1959	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	4	Alice again weakened before making landfall near Panama City Beach on June 6 as a minimal tropical storm, and dissipating shortly thereafter.
1960	0	Pike (programming language)	9	The following list shows all the standard data types that Pike provides.
1961	0	Alfons Schilling	2	One of the first artists to become interested in spin art.
1962	0	Fort Anderson (North Carolina)	3	It was because of money issues that this occurred.
1963	0	Ma Hong	2	After graduation in 1941 Ma Hong was assigned to be a researcher in the CPC's Central Research Institute, laying the foundations of his later economic knowledge.
1964	0	Catuji	5	Educational needs were met by 17 primary schools, 1 middle school, and 1 pre-primary school.
1965	0	Ampato	16	These contain dacitic pumice fragments in a matrix rich in ash and have thicknesses of more than in the few outcrops; much of this unit was likely eroded away by glacial activity.The central cone grew in the gap between the northern and southern edifice and consists of lava flows again of andesitic to dacitic composition.
1966	0	Sydney Comedy Festival	1	The Sydney Comedy Festival is an annual comedy festival held in Sydney, Australia.
1967	0	Marshall D'Souza	2	D'Souza was born in Karachi to a Goan Catholic family that had recently left what was then Portuguese India.
1968	0	For Me and My Gal (film)	19	The film received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Score for Roger Edens (musical adaptation) and Georgie Stoll (musical direction).
1969	0	Carlos Guillermo Smith	28	Smith is seeking another $2 million for the clinic in 2018.
1970	0	Alfred Page (Australian politician)	1	Alfred Page (26 December 1843 – 3 November 1911) was an Australian politician.
1971	0	Method (Godhead)	1	He is also a prominent solo songwriter, remixer and producer as well as a nationally recognized graphic designer and web designer.
1972	0	Matrix exponential	56	"The polynomial can also be given the following ""interpolation"" characterization."
1973	0	James V. Forrestal Building	40	"Chthonodynamis"" depicts energy inside a hollow sphere, with the figure of a man attempting to contain it."
1974	0	Carl Zeiss AG	53	Manual focus only, no electronics.
1975	0	Ground Equipment Facility J-33	11	In 2005, the Federal Government's lease expired and the land was returned to the Marin Municipal Water District.
1976	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	18	She was one of the most popular beauties in Edo at the time of publication.
1977	0	Johnny Bester	2	Bester made his test debut for the Springboks, in the second test match against the touring British Lions team on the 3rd of September 1938 at the Crusaders Ground in Port Elizabeth.
1978	0	New Westminster Police Department	3	The police constables came from the Delta Police Department, West Vancouver Police Department and New Westminster Police Service.
1979	0	Skopska Crna Gora dialect	1	"The Skopska Crna Gora dialect (, ""Skopskocrnogorski dijalekt"") is a member of the western subgroup of the northern group of dialects of the Macedonian language."
1980	0	1914 Leith Burghs by-election	2	In February 1914, he was appointed to the post of Governor-General of Australia and thus resigned his seat.
1981	0	Rawbank	3	, Rawbank was the largest commercial bank in DR Congo, with 24 percent of banking assets in the country and a customer base of nearly of 300,000 accounts.
1982	0	Almora	2	Almora was the seat of Chand kings that ruled over the Kumaon Kingdom.
1983	0	Carl Zeiss AG	48	They cover the 35 mm format.
1984	0	McKesson Corporation	18	In October 2013, McKesson agreed to buy a 50% stake in German peer Celesio for $8.3 billion.
1985	0	Eddie Condon	15	He was survived by his wife and two daughters.
1986	0	Sugarloaf Fire	3	On June 28, 2018, at around 12:00 A.M, the fire started 13 miles southwest of Fraser, CO.
1987	0	Pennsylvania Route 780	2	The route curves east and enters Upper Burrell Township, passing by Penn State New Kensington before continuing through forested areas with occasional residential development.
1988	0	Kimnyole	10	Kimnyole's death led to a succession dispute between his two sons; Koitalel Arap Samoei and Kipchomber Arap Koilege.
1989	0	Jack Acland	3	When riding his motorbike, Acland was hit by a car on Christchurch's Park Terrace in October 1924.
1990	0	North-American Interfraternity Conference	21	"The program makes the direct statement, ""If you want to recruit me, then you better have a plan."
1991	0	Cebgo	10	Announced it will order 16 ATR 72-600s at the Paris Air Show.
1992	0	Thomas Leigh (Lord Mayor)	3	He was also a merchant of the Staple and a member of the Merchant Adventurers' Company.
1993	0	Saint-Léonard, Switzerland	18	From the , 1,688 or 90.2% were Roman Catholic, while 46 or 2.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church.
1994	0	Society of Catholic Worker Circles	3	Despite numerous activities (joint union building, tailors' guild, popular lectures), the association had relatively little influence on the working class.
1995	0	Gomer Pyle	11	"On an episode of ""The Lucy Show"", ""Lucy Gets Caught Up in the Draft"", Nabors has a cameo role as ""Gomer Pyle""."
1996	0	Hele-Shaw clutch	7	The clutch was introduced for cars and patented in 1905.
1997	0	Postgraduate training in general dentistry in the United States	6	In general, GPR programs pay higher stipends than do AEGD programs; this is because GPR residents take call and answer consults.
1998	0	551st Strategic Missile Squadron	6	The Atlas F was the final and most advanced version of the Atlas ICBM and was stored in a vertical position inside underground concrete and steel silos.
1999	0	1979 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship	1	The 1979 Asian Women's Volleyball Championship was the 2nd Asian Championship, which took place in British Hong Kong.
2000	0	North-American Interfraternity Conference	22	Finally, the academy forms a community from among the alumni boards that are on each campus.
2001	0	Nicotinamide	4	"Nicotinamide has been shown to prevent ""Cutibacterium acnes""-induced activation of toll-like receptor 2, which ultimately results in the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production."
2002	0	CAAL Racing	2	The team fielded Francesco Ascani in a BMW M5 E39.
2003	0	Copper Mine Gulch	1	Copper Mine Gulch is a valley in Marin County, California, United States, which is associated with a small stream.
2004	0	G. Mark Voit	2	Voit graduated in astrophysical sciences from Princeton University in 1983, and completed his PhD in astrophysics from the University of Colorado Boulder in 1990 under the supervision of J. Michael Shull.
2005	0	Bruce Kingsbury	4	After three months, the pair decided that they would go on an adventure – walking through western Victoria and New South Wales.
2006	0	Substitution model	4	"Typically, a branch length of a phylogenetic tree is expressed as the expected number of substitutions per site; if the evolutionary model indicates that each site within an ancestral sequence will typically experience ""x"" substitutions by the time it evolves to a particular descendant's sequence then the ancestor and descendant are considered to be separated by branch length ""x""."
2007	0	Mazda 737C	1	The Mazda 737C is a prototype racing car that was built for Mazdaspeed for the 24 Hours of Le Mans under the Group C2 formula.
2008	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	31	6 Ford Mustang GT full-time for Roush Fenway Racing starting in 2019.
2009	0	Graffiti Bridge (album)	7	"Evans also believed Prince's catchy compositions helped make the ""omnivorous mysticism"" of his lyrics ""newly convincing — convincing, but still startling, sensual and freeing""."
2010	0	Roohi Bano	1	Roohi Bano (August 10, 1951 – January 25, 2019) was a Pakistani actress.
2011	0	Quentin Ngakoutou	5	In 2016, Ngakoutou accepted to play for his country of birth and was called up for the first time for Central African Republic for 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against DR Congo on 4 September 2016, he travelled and trained with the group but didn't make his debut because of lack of documents.
2012	0	Taichiro Morinaga	8	The affiliated company, Morinaga Milk Industry, sells powdered milk and other dairy products worldwide, as well as health food snacks.
2013	0	Scottish national identity	44	"Polling conducted since 2014 has indicated that when forced to choose between ""Scottish"" and ""British"" identities, British national identity has risen to between 31-36% in Scotland and Scottish national identity has fallen to between 58-62%."
2014	0	Bermuda II Agreement	19	Air fares were only approved if they reflected the actual cost of providing these services.
2015	0	ARM Architecture (Ashton Raggatt McDougall)	2	Notable projects include the National Museum of Australia in Canberra, the Melbourne Recital Centre and Southbank Theatre in Melbourne, Perth Arena and the Marion Cultural Centre in Adelaide.
2016	0	Robert H. Meltzer	8	Meltzer's works are included in the collections of the Edward-Dean Museum in Cherry Valley, California; San Bernardino City Hall, San Bernardino, California; and the United States Naval Archives, Washington, D.C. Meltzer's work is also part of the Smithsonian Museum's collection of wooden Easter Eggs commissioned by the White House in 1981.
2017	0	Mason Patrick	15	In early 1926, the Military Affairs Committee of the Congress reviewed bills set forth before it to create a more autonomous air power.
2018	0	A Home on the Range	4	One former resident says that people kept the holidays for the social attachment, and another spouts, “Judaism—there wasn't any!” In fact, when they were building their meeting hall it was almost unanimously decided to not build a synagogue—until they learned it could be a tax write off.
2019	0	Patission Street	2	Patission Street connects the area known as Patissia with Omonoia Square in the center of Athens.
2020	0	Love Never Faileth	8	He wrote that the book
2021	0	Zaccio	7	After being dormant for 22 months Zaccio lost twice to begin his return.
2022	0	Hasmig Belleli	3	Belleli was first elected to city council in the 1994 municipal election in the Ahuntsic ward.
2023	0	The Killing of Angel Street	5	Cecil Holmes then worked on further drafts.
2024	0	WWSW-FM	13	In addition, the station has begun to incorporate some tracks from the early 1990s into their playlist, including hits from Bryan Adams, R.E.M., Tom Cochrane, and Sheryl Crow.
2025	0	Sural nerve	1	The sural nerve is a sensory nerve in the calf region (sura) of the leg.
2026	0	Kidnapping of Joshua Boyle and Caitlan Coleman	5	Soon after, the pair were captured by members of the Haqqani network.
2027	0	Mystique (comics)	28	This leads to Raven again going mad.
2028	0	The Jungle Book (soundtrack)	4	"The song ""Trust in Me"" is based upon a song entitled ""Land of Sand"" which had been written by the Sherman Brothers for, but not used in, ""Mary Poppins""."
2029	0	2016 Peruvian general election	5	The President was elected using the two-round system.
2030	0	6.5×47mm Lapua	13	PTG sells reamers for this and it has demonstrated a gain of about 100 fps over the standard 6-6.5×47.
2031	0	Mikhail Myasnikovich	3	He has a PhD in economics and has worked as an engineer in the construction industry.
2032	0	Criminally Insane 2	1	Criminally Insane 2 (also known as Crazy Fat Ethel II) is a 1987 horror film written and directed by Nick Millard.
2033	0	United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce	3	She had been serving as acting deputy secretary since November 18, 2010.
2034	0	1983–84 Liverpool F.C. season	2	It was Liverpool's first season under the management of Joe Fagan, who was promoted from the coaching staff after the retirement of Bob Paisley, their manager of the last nine seasons who had won at least one major trophy in all but the first of his seasons as manager (including six league titles and three European Cups).
2035	0	2006 Massachusetts Senate elections	4	"!style=""background-color:#E9E9E9"" align=center colspan=""2"" | Popular Vote"
2036	0	Barron Field	4	The Americans renamed the field Barron Field after Cadet R. J. Barron, who was drowned at Chandler Field, Pennsylvania on 22 August 1917 when the airplane he was flying fell into the water.
2037	0	Anton Chigurh	16	One of his best is Chigurh, and between the Coens and Bardem, they never missed a beat in bringing this monster to the screen.
2038	0	Zintan Brigades	6	The Zintan Brigades have been a major part of the conflict since the launch of Operation Dawn against Tripoli International Airport, because they were responsible for its defense.
2039	0	Tarrytown Light	5	In the cellar are the original coal shed and cistern.
2040	0	Dylan Roberton	2	Roberton started the 2010 season playing for East Perth in the WAFL and was named to make his AFL debut for Fremantle in the Round 6 Western Derby.
2041	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Kobylnice -
2042	0	American Wedding	6	Jim asks him to leave, and all the others, including Cadence, support Jim's decision.
2043	0	Mystique (comics)	22	Graydon's death ushers in a new wave of anti-mutant violence.
2044	0	Sam Cooke	24	Boyer's leaving the motel room with almost all of Cooke's clothing, and the fact that tests showed Cooke was inebriated at the time, provided a plausible explanation to the inquest jurors for Cooke's bizarre behavior and state of dress.
2045	0	Tver	31	Most trains passing from Moscow to the north-west regions make a short stop in Tver.
2046	0	Brubeck Plays Brubeck	10	"It was Fats Waller's ""Fair and Square"" backed by ""There's Honey on the Moon Tonight""."
2047	0	Fame (1801 ship)	4	On 30 March he sailed from Portsmouth for Bombay and Bengal.
2048	0	John Lang Currie	2	In the 1880s Currie was one of the best merino breeders in Australia.
2049	0	James V. Forrestal Building	53	The Commission of Fine Arts also refused to approve the Forrestal Building blast shield, hydraulic bollards, or perimeter barriers.
2050	0	Sam Cooke	28	"The album, also titled ""Shake"", reached the number one spot for R&B albums."
2051	0	Bermuda II Agreement	23	Pan Am had previously sold its Heathrow traffic rights to United Airlines, but British negotiators initially stated that they would not allow United to receive the transferred route authority citing Bermuda II's specific designation of Pan Am; they furthermore stated that United was not a successor airline because it was not assuming ownership of Pan Am.
2052	0	Anton Hám	4	Later, Anton Hám produced the very first Czechoslovak hall-marks for gold and silver.
2053	0	Damita Jo (album)	24	"Jackson's representative Stephen Huvane stated ""Personally, she’s not comfortable with being Janet in public [...] When she’s performing, that’s a different thing."
2054	0	Semih Tufan Gülaltay	1	Semih Tufan Gülaltay (born 1968, in Kars) is the founder of the militant Turkish Revenge Brigade, and the National Unity Party ().
2055	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	36	Throughout its 72-year existence, the administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR changed numerous times, often incorporating regional reorganisation and annexation on the part of Soviet authorities during World War II.
2056	0	Bhabendra Nath Saikia	2	He obtained his PhD in physics from the University of London in 1961.
2057	0	CAAL Racing	7	31 team driven by Mauro Trione and Meisam Taheri, and the No.
2058	0	Qasar	8	Hasar's descendants were effective in other parts of Mongol Empire.
2059	0	Newarthill	3	The town of Newarthill is roughly bounded by the Legbrannock Burn to the north, the railway line connecting Carfin and Cleland to the south, the junction of the B7066 with Biggar Road to the east and the A723 to the west.
2060	0	Heaven's Soldiers	4	The North Koreans stumble upon Yi and free him, and also find the warhead in the tent of one of the war leaders.
2061	0	Yuri Nikolaevich Denisyuk	1	He is a full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1992; corresponding member since 1970), doctor of physical and mathematical sciences (1971, candidate of sciences since 1964), professor (1980).
2062	0	Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games	37	The team were drawn in group B for the men's quadran event, and in group A for the men's regu event.
2063	0	2017 Varsity Cup	8	For each round, their cumulative points total is shown with the overall log position in brackets:
2064	0	Carlos Guillermo Smith	10	On November 22, 2016, Smith was sworn in as a member of the Florida House of Representatives, becoming Florida's first openly gay Latino legislator.
2065	0	Ścibor-Rylski ŚR-3	3	The ŚR-3 was a wooden aircraft with a high cantilever wing.
2066	0	Folkestone Warren Halt railway station	2	There is also a suggestion that the station had not been formally authorised by the Board of Trade which, upon discovering its existence, refused to grant consent.
2067	0	1914 Leith Burghs by-election	1	The Leith Burghs by-election was a Parliamentary by-election.
2068	0	Solitude	8	In the edited work, Coplan and Bowker invite not only fellow psychology colleagues to chime in on this issue, but they also invite a variety of other faculty from different disciplines to address the issue.
2069	0	Elmer's Pet Rabbit	1	It was directed by Chuck Jones (his first cartoon featuring Bugs Bunny) and written by Rich Hogan.
2070	0	Thomas F. Glick	20	Glick was both a co-editor and author of 125 articles, including most of the important figures of the 18th century, the Darwinians, the Freudians, and the geographers.
2071	0	Suscévaz	13	In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 42.35% of the vote.
2072	0	Mystique (comics)	53	She can now alter and conceal her scent from those with enhanced senses, and is capable of changing her shape to a greater degree, including altering her limbs to form tentacles and bladed weapons, and compressing herself into a dog.
2073	0	Glengarry Light Infantry	10	During the remainder of 1814, the regiment performed outpost duty during the unsuccessful Siege of Fort Erie, and a detachment was present at the Battle of Malcolm's Mills, the last action of the war on the Niagara Peninsula.
2074	0	Dui Hua Foundation	15	"It also publishes ""Digest"", a monthly newsletter featuring news on human rights issues relevant to the foundation’s mission and recent activities."
2075	0	Hele-Shaw clutch	4	When the plates are pressed together closely enough, the film between the plates is thin enough that the drag between them is sufficient to transmit the drive without slipping.
2076	0	Ralph Hutchinson	7	He also coached the basketball team for the 1919–20 season.
2077	0	American School Hygiene Association	8	Some of its members went on to form the American Association of School Physicians in 1926, which in 1936 was renamed the American School Health Association (ASHA).
2078	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	10	"O-Kita's name is deciphered from the ""hanji-e"" as follows: from top to bottom, two bunches of rapeseed ( ""na ni-wa""; ""wa"" is a Japanese counter word for bundles), an arrow (, ""ya""), the open sea offshore (, and a rice paddy field ( ""ta"")."
2079	0	Macha, Zambia	2	Overall population density in this area is 25 per square kilometer and 50% of the population is under 12 years old.
2080	0	Louie Anderson	13	"In 1999, Anderson landed the role of host of the new version of ""Family Feud""."
2081	0	Montague Egg	7	"Egg periodically expresses admiration for the up-to-date, and in ""Murder in the Morning"" comments, of a prefabricated garage: ""That's the stuff... Standardisation means immense saving in labour, time, expense."
2082	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	11	The square acquired a tram stop on its eastern side in May 2014, when the new Edinburgh Trams came into operation.
2083	0	Spasmo	6	Quickly turning the tables on Tatum, Christian reverses the car, smacking Tatum with the open door and running him over twice.
2084	0	Damita Jo (album)	31	"Damita Jo"" sold 381,000 copies during its first week of release in the United States, debuting at number two on ""Billboard"" 200 (only behind Usher's ""Confessions"")."
2085	0	Speeton	4	The Second World War defences constructed around Speeton have been documented by William Foot.
2086	0	Tillandsia anceps	1	"Tillandsia anceps is a species in the genus ""Tillandsia""."
2087	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	12	She served as a Deputy on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, a Deputy on the Subcommittee on Security and Defence and a substitute member of the Delegation for relations with Maghreb countries and the Arab Maghreb Union.
2088	0	Anton Chigurh	5	"When Joel and Ethan Coen approached Javier Bardem about playing Chigurh, he replied ""I don't drive."
2089	0	Thomas F. Glick	14	Related to this work, was a biography (with Antoni Roca) of Francesc Duran Reynals, a member of the Catalan school who became a prominent virologist at Yale and devised a controversial viral theory of cancer in the 1940s.
2090	0	Three Faces East (1930 film)	2	Sir Winston does not know that his supposedly faithful butler, Vardar, is actually Blacher.
2091	0	Mandi Shivaratri Fair	10	On this occasion, a guru and his disciple proclaim prophesies for the following year.
2092	0	Evans Wise	1	Evans Wise CM (born November 23, 1973) is a retired Trinidadian footballer who played as a midfielder.
2093	0	Saints, Seine-et-Marne	8	The village lies on the right bank of the Aubetin, which flows westward through the southern part of the commune.
2094	0	Matrix exponential	74	has solution .
2095	0	McKesson Corporation	19	McKesson Medical-Surgical (MMS) offers a large selection of national health care brands, along with McKesson's exclusive brand of medical products.
2096	0	Aleksa Janković	2	In 1839 he returned to the Prince's chancery, only to witness the coming to power of the Karađorđević dynasty headed by Prince Alexander Karađorđević, who accelerated Aleksa Janković's career.
2097	0	ARM Architecture (Ashton Raggatt McDougall)	1	ARM's founding directors were Stephen Ashton, Howard Raggatt, Ian McDougall.
2098	0	Dumper (computer program)	2	So you may recover any unsaved data from this file or send it to the developer so he can investigate what caused the crash.
2099	0	Exarch	16	In 1921, eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church in Ukraine were reorganized as Ukrainian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, headed by patriarchal exarch with seat in Kiev.
2100	0	Almora	30	Later on this press also was sold and the publication was stopped.
2101	0	Hell on Wheels (season 4)	7	In 2015, the series won the Western Heritage Award for Outstanding Fictional Drama.
2102	0	George Minchin	1	George Minchin Minchin (born George Minchin Smith, 1845–1914) was an Irish mathematician and experimental physicist.
2103	0	Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games	22	Pakistan men's team competed at the Games in the group B.
2104	0	Stefan Stojanović (footballer, born 1997)	2	At the beginning of 2017, Stojanović terminated the contract with Napredak and left club as a free agent.
2105	0	Building at 813-815 W. Second Street	1	"The structure served as a warehouse until it was renovated in 2003 as a gay nightclub named ""Club Fusion."
2106	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	68	"Most scholars consider the ""tathāgatagarbha"" doctrine of an 'essential nature' in every living being is equivalent to 'Self', and it contradicts the ""no self"" (or no soul, no atman, anatta) doctrines in a vast majority of Buddhist texts, leading scholars to posit that the ""Tathagatagarbha Sutras"" were written to promote Buddhism to non-Buddhists."
2107	0	Albatha	3	The Albatha group has expanded their business beyond the United Arab Emirates.
2108	0	Stapleton, Leicestershire	5	There are very few historical incidents recorded around Stapleton, all except for one day in August 1485 when King Richard III arrived and camped at the Bradshaws just south of the village with his army in preparation for the momentous Battle of Bosworth Field.
2109	0	Homadaula submontana	1	It is found in Yemen.
2110	0	Damita Jo (album)	1	Its music incorporates pop rock, electro, house, and hip hop styles, in addition to R&B.
2111	0	Hugh Boyle	1	Hugh Boyle may refer to:
2112	0	Bowmans Rail	3	The company operates freight services from Bowmans and Port Pirie to Port Adelaide; conveying lead, hay, grain, pulses, seed, wine and pork bellies, as well as the importation of fish bait.
2113	0	FastPictureViewer	11	Files can be selected from a number of parameters including Exif data, GPS position, speed, heading or altitude, file type, size, orientation, XMP rating, or dates.
2114	0	Wang Gungwu	5	He is the Chairman of the East Asian Institute.
2115	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	37	He retained at least some half dollars, notifying the Mint in 1953 that the APTA was the successor to the OTMA, and still had half dollars for sale.
2116	0	Nicotinamide	9	NAD and NADP are coenzymes in a wide variety of enzymatic oxidation-reduction reactions, most notably glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
2117	0	Longerak	1	The village is located on the eastern shore of the lake Byglandsfjorden.
2118	0	Texas League	1	It is classified as a Double-A league.
2119	0	Khagen Mahanta	1	He died on 12 June 2014.
2120	0	Dorothy V. M. Bishop	9	The CCC specifically looked to identify pragmatic language and specific language impairments.
2121	0	Operation Roast	3	2, No.
2122	0	Damita Jo (album)	25	Hey!
2123	0	Tom Papa	4	He has recorded four stand-up specials.
2124	0	Tarrytown Light	2	Today it is part of a county park, and tours are available.
2125	0	Jesse Wagstaff	16	The Wildcats finished the regular season in second place with an 18–10 win/loss record, and played the third-seeded Illawarra Hawks in the semi-finals.
2126	0	1948 Buffalo Bills (AAFC) season	1	The 1948 Buffalo Bills season was their third in the All-America Football Conference.
2127	0	Pablo Gad	7	In 1990's some of Pablo Gad's tunes were sampled by Breakbeat hardcore artists.
2128	0	Mars Attacks!	2	"The final production budget came to $80 million, while Warner Bros. spent another $20 million on the ""Mars Attacks!"
2129	0	Ohio State Route 553	1	State Route 553 (SR 553) is a north–south state highway in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Ohio.
2130	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	7	"The album's best-performing single on that chart, ""Dance"", was released on 18 July 2014."
2131	0	Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry	1	Autodrome de Montlhéry (established 4 October 1924) is a motor racing circuit, officially called L’autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry, located south-west of the small town of Montlhéry about south of Paris.
2132	0	Balls (film)	3	In Sweden, the film got mixed reviews.
2133	0	Daughters of Providence (Paris)	5	In 1681 several houses of the congregation merged with the Sisters of the newly founded Congregation of the Holy Infant Jesus, founded by Father Nicholas Barré, O.M., dedicated to the education of the poor.
2134	0	Conciliarity	2	A pope can prorogue a council (as Pius IX prorogued the First Vatican Council in 1871).
2135	0	Loutro (island)	1	Loutro () is a rocky islet in the gulf of Loutro on the southwest coast of Crete in the Libyan Sea.
2136	0	Riddell Akua	1	Michael Riddell Akua (born January 26, 1963) is a political figure from the Pacific nation of the Republic of Nauru.
2137	0	CJSA-FM	4	The former CJSA has no relation to the current CJSA-FM in Toronto.
2138	0	William Gibbs McAdoo House	3	In 1861, at the outset of the American Civil War, it was purchased by Reverend Isaac M. Springer, who turned it into a boarding school.
2139	0	Tower City Center	1	Tower City Center, originally known as Cleveland Union Terminal, is a large mixed-use facility located on Public Square in downtown Cleveland, Ohio.
2140	0	Jack Acland	4	"On 12 June 1935, Acland married Katherine ""Kit"" Wilder Ormond, daughter of John Davies Ormond Jr. and granddaughter of John Davies Ormond Sr."
2141	0	Zheng Zhu	11	Meanwhile, the mayor of Jingzhao, Jia Su, was a political enemy of Li Deyu's and friendly with Li Zongmin and Zheng.
2142	0	Pierre Amine Gemayel	7	Gemayel was visiting his electoral district of Metn, in Jdeideh that day.
2143	0	Kassia	2	"Many are epigrams or aphorisms called ""gnomic verse"", for example, ""I hate the rich man moaning as if he were poor."
2144	0	Joe Rohde	5	"He later worked as a designer on the refurbishment of Fantasyland at Disneyland, the ""Captain EO"" 3-D film attraction starring singer Michael Jackson, the Norway pavilion at Epcot and the Adventurers Club, a 1930s-themed bar and lounge that opened in 1989 within the Pleasure Island entertainment district at Walt Disney World Resort."
2145	0	Milhosť	8	Stone tomb-stones also can be seen from the years 1899, 1900, 1906...
2146	0	George Minchin	2	Minchin's notable mathematical ability was encouraged.
2147	0	Markranstädt	7	A car factory and Markranstädter Brewery were established.
2148	0	Jesse Wagstaff	21	The following year, he played for the Boomers during the two-match YouYi Games international basketball series against China.
2149	0	Eastern Air Lines Flight 512	5	One ambulance driver reported that visibility was as low as , which made it difficult to locate the crash victims.
2150	0	Spasmo	4	Christian tells Barbara about a terrible childhood incident with his father, and Barbara explains that Alex is not her boyfriend but more of a provider.
2151	0	The Voice Česko Slovensko	1	The concept of the competition consists of searching for singer talents (from the second row and duets) over 16 years of age in public casting.
2152	0	Louie Anderson	3	"Anderson has described his father as ""abusive."
2153	0	Carlo Curci	3	In 1892, at the Italo-American Columbian Exposition of Genoa, he exhibited two seascapes and one landscape.
2154	0	1994–95 UEFA Champions League knockout stage	6	Milan won 2–0 on aggregate.
2155	0	Petaling Jaya Inner Ring Road	1	Petaling Jaya Inner Ring Road (PJIRR) is an urban and municipal thoroughfare ring road in Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, consisting of Jalan Sultan, Jalan Barat, Jalan Utara and Jalan Timur.
2156	0	McKenzie Towne, Calgary	9	"A ""park and ride"" facility has been constructed adjacent to the High Street shopping area off 52nd Street S.E., and is a hub for the region's current BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) line connecting to downtown; in the future (time-frame yet to be determined), BRT service is to be replaced by a full LRT (Light Rapid Transit) line, with a station earmarked next to the park and ride."
2157	0	The Harvest (1993 film)	3	Charlie goes out to meet her and sees that she looks identical to the Natalie he traveled with.
2158	0	Scottish national identity	30	At the time, the steel and engineering industries were also depressed.
2159	0	Geoffrey Nyarota	2	"Bearing the motto ""Telling it like it is"", the ""Daily News"" swiftly became Zimbabwe's most popular newspaper."
2160	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	57	In this model, their only difference to an arhat is that they have spent aeons helping other beings and have become a Buddha to teach the Dharma.
2161	0	Qasar	10	Mongolian chronicles say that Bolunai's brother Unubold killed Muulihai of the Ongliud, a descendant of Genghis Khan's half brother Belgütei.
2162	0	Rodrigo Palacio	7	During a second round match in the Coppa Italia against Hellas Verona on 18 December, after an injury to goalkeeper Luca Castellazzi and after all three of the club's substitutions were exhausted, Palacio, wearing Vid Belec's jersey number 27, was put into goal for the final 15 minutes of the match.
2163	0	Les Ballets Africains	3	The group performed in the United States in 1959, with a run of 48 performances on Broadway, following a successful European tour.
2164	0	Noiseworks	6	"Late in the year, a fourth single ""R.I.P."
2165	0	George Harriman	7	Harriman was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1943 and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1951, and was knighted in 1965.
2166	0	Thomas F. Glick	6	At the same time (in the 1990s), because of his involvement in the struggle to save Valencia's molinological patrimony from destruction, he became an activist in historical preservation and subsequently became president of the Northeast Chapter of the Society for the Preservation of Old Mills and, at the same time, a founder of the Valencian Association of the Friends of Mills.
2167	0	North Ray (crater)	6	Sample type, lithology, and descriptions are from the Lunar Sample Atlas of the Lunar and Planetary Institute.
2168	0	George Minchin	8	The following August, Minchin provided Monck with improved cells but returned to England because of bad weather.
2169	0	Brightest Day	9	"The story begins the day after ""Blackest Night"" showing Boston smashing his tombstone."
2170	0	I Write Like	1	I Write Like is a website created by Russian software programmer Dmitry Chestnykh, founder of software company Coding Robots.
2171	0	McKenzie Towne, Calgary	4	Each of the three areas of McKenzie Towne offer complimenting architectural styles.
2172	0	Patterson Office Tower	3	"Based on a photo printed in the ""Lexington Herald-Leader"", December 1969 was the first time the university's Board Of Trustees met in the building."
2173	0	Assan Musa Camara	3	He was first educated in Mansajang Anglican Mission School and then at St. Mary's Primary School in Bathurst (now Banjul) from 1937 to 1940.
2174	0	Thomas F. Glick	13	On the basis of these three different programs, Glick has on a number of occasions attempted to theorise comparative receptions.
2175	0	Ganjoni	1	It had a population of 18, 791 in 1999.
2176	0	History of guerrilla warfare	12	During the Forage War, George Washington sent militia units with limited Continental Army support to launch raids and ambushes on British detachments and forage parties, the militia, and Continental Army support would skirmish with British detachments in small-scale battles and engagements.
2177	0	Sivananda Radha Saraswati	4	She was initiated into sanyas and given the name Sivananda Radha Saraswati on 2 February 1956.
2178	0	Alan H. Schoenfeld	15	"Founding Executive member of the ""International Society for Design and Development in Education""."
2179	0	Hoth	8	The author said Hoth could be similar to Earth in age but lack neighboring planets like Jupiter and Saturn to shelter it from meteoroid impacts.
2180	0	McKesson Corporation	5	The company successfully emerged from one of the most notorious business/accounting scandals of the 20th century—the McKesson & Robbins scandal, a watershed event that led to major changes in American auditing standards and securities regulations after being exposed in 1938.
2181	0	Sedgwick station (CTA)	3	During 2007, the main station entrance was closed for extensive renovation and rebuilding as part of the CTA's Brown Line capacity expansion project.
2182	0	Gresty Road	3	After a fire, a new Main Stand was built on the south side of the ground in 1932.
2183	0	Bloodgood	4	"In 1985 Bloodgood released a demo, ""Metal Missionaries"", of which they sold over 5,000 copies at concerts."
2184	0	Kassia	12	Legend says that as he was leaving he noticed Kassia in the closet but did not speak to her, out of respect for her wished privacy.
2185	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	17	Immediately after the October Revolution in Petrograd, Bolsheviks instigated the Kiev Bolshevik Uprising to support the Revolution and secure Kiev.
2186	0	On the Equality of the Sexes	6	She further notes that some naysayers have argued for the mental superiority of man because they are also physically stronger, but that this concept is faulty for several reasons.
2187	0	Locomotives of New Zealand	1	Locomotives of New Zealand is a complete list of all locomotive classes that operate or have operated on New Zealand's national railway network.
2188	0	Meydenbauer Center	1	Meydenbauer Center is a convention center in Bellevue, Washington.
2189	0	Banksia lindleyana	6	"Cyrtostylis"", which was defined as containing those members of ""B."
2190	0	Antipope Constantine II	7	Pepin ignored this letter; Constantine wrote another, in which he declared that only the actions of the people had compelled him to take on the burdensome office.
2191	0	Vehicle title branding	7	In North America, vehicle licenses are normally issued by individual provinces and states.
2192	0	Pablo Gad	5	The records helped him win two gold discs for best album and best male vocalist in the Black Echoes magazine readers poll in 1980.
2193	0	Nobody Home	6	Much of the song describes Syd Barrett's fragile mental state during 1967.
2194	0	Don Lawrence	6	"When his publisher refused to give him any form of royalties or compensation, he departed from his old employer and was immediately offered work on a new Dutch comic called ""Eppo""."
2195	0	Aston Webb	12	It was erected in 1891–93 at 8–9 Soho Square in London.
2196	0	Yashin (band)	20	In the spring of 2016 Yashin announced that they were breaking up although no reason for this was given.
2197	0	Estahban County	1	The county has three cities: Estahban, Ij, and Runiz.
2198	0	Carex rainbowii	4	"It grows in the understorey of Afromontane forests dominated by ""Podocarpus latifolius"" and ""Carissa bispinosa"", alongside ""Celtis africana"", ""Carex spicato-paniculata"", ""Schoenoxiphium lehmannii"", ""Dietes iridioides"" and ""Blechnum giganteum""."
2199	0	Thomas F. Glick	18	His interest in Enlightenment science in the Spanish empire continued in articles on Félix de Azara, on José Celestino Mutis and the Botanical Expeditions, on the Navy’s role in the provision of scientific instruments, on the political symbolism of science in the Latin American Independence movements of the nineteenth century, and most recently, a book (with J. M. López Piñero) on Jefferson’s interaction with the Spaniards involved in the preparation and description of the Megatherium.
2200	0	Dartball	3	In each match played there are three individual nine-inning games, with the exception of tie games in which extra inning games will be played.
2201	0	Ennius	7	"The ""Epicharmus"" was inspired by the philosophical hypotheses developed by the Sicilian poet and philosopher Epicharmus of Kos, after which Ennius's work took its name."
2202	0	Calliphora vicina	7	It was first recorded in South Africa in 1965 when a specimen was collected near Johannesburg, but specimen collections have been few and sporadic since then.
2203	0	Nicotinamide	16	Nicotinamide has been investigated for many additional disorders, including treatment of bullous pemphigoid nonmelanoma skin cancers.
2204	0	2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final	3	France did all they could to get back into the game but Italy held out.
2205	0	Banksia lindleyana	10	"They foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of ""Dryandra"" was complete; in the meantime, if Mast and Thiele's nomenclatural changes are taken as an interim arrangement, then ""B. lindleyana"" is placed in ""B."
2206	0	Çandarlızade Ali Pasha	8	"He founded the corps of palace pages (""iç oğlan""), which would provide the military and administrative elite of the empire, and enhanced the prestige of the viziers."
2207	0	Achille Dauphin-Meunier	2	He was a member of the Club de l'horloge.
2208	0	2008 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship	1	The 2008 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship was the 2008 championship for Under-20 women's national football (soccer) teams from the CONCACAF region.
2209	0	Jardin botanique de Gondremer	2	"In 1998 its collections of rhododendrons and azaleas, kalmia, heathers, and Japanese maples were recognized as national collections by the ""Conservatoire Français des Collections Végétales Spécialisées"" (CCVS)."
2210	0	Conciliarity	3	The decisions of an ecumenical council do not become authoritative until approved by the pope.
2211	0	Battle of Cane Hill	3	The Union troops suffered 41 men killed or wounded, while the Confederates lost 45.
2212	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	12	With the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I, Bolshevik Russia resumed its hostilities towards the Ukrainian People's Republic fighting for Ukrainian independence and organised another Soviet government in Kursk, Russia.
2213	0	Christian Prudhomme	9	Under Prudhomme, the Tour has strengthened its opposition to doping.
2214	0	Bruce Kingsbury	9	The Australians began to prepare a counter-offensive, and men volunteered to join an attack party.
2215	0	Ralph Hutchinson	8	"He coached through the 1927 season, tallying a 25–22–2 () record at the two-year school, which was renamed the ""University of Idaho–Southern Branch"" in 1927."
2216	0	Bacteriuria	7	The threshold for women displaying UTI symptoms can be as low as 100 colony forming units of a single species per millilitre.
2217	0	Bayan-Öndör	1	Bayan-Öndör is the name of three sums (districts) in Mongolia:
2218	0	Aldo Tonti	2	His works include films by Federico Fellini, King Vidor, Richard Fleischer, Roberto Rossellini, John Huston, Alberto Lattuada, Mario Monicelli, Sergio Sollima, Pietro Germi, Dino Risi, Marco Ferreri.
2219	0	CAAL Racing	3	Only Giuliano Alessi raced all rounds scoring four podium finishes in the overall championship.
2220	0	Ministry of Justice (Liechtenstein)	1	The justice sector of the ministry handles civil law, criminal law, penal system, victim assistance, coordination of official liability, basic traffic and land valuation.
2221	0	Dance Club Songs	7	"Noted ""Billboard"" statistician Joel Whitburn has since ""adopted"" ""Record World""s chart data from the weeks between March 29, 1975 and August 21, 1976 into ""Billboard""s club play history."
2222	0	Stephen Jones (rugby union)	14	Jones became the record cap holder for Wales on 26 September 2011 versus Namibia, overtaking the record of 100 caps set by Gareth Thomas.
2223	0	Soyo	7	Count Daniel resisted, claiming that the counts of Soyo had a right to be selected through election of their own noble subordinates.
2224	0	Silviu Dumitrescu	1	Silviu Dumitrescu (born 4 February 1953) is a Romanian former professional footballer and manager.
2225	0	Jazz Bakery	1	The Jazz Bakery is a not-for-profit arts presenter in Los Angeles that has showcased many of the world’s most acclaimed jazz artists since it was founded by jazz vocalist Ruth Price in 1992.
2226	0	The Devil in Amber	13	The journey is interrupted by Box's domestic, Delilah, who Box passed a coded message to during his one phone call.
2227	0	Kassia	13	"They come in great numbers, in order to hear the Hymn of Kassiani, as the hymn is associated with the ""woman fallen in many sins""."
2228	0	S24	1	S24 may refer to:
2229	0	Sagara, Karnataka	7	This route passes through Agumbe Ghat or Hulikal Ghat roads.
2230	0	Fish (British TV series)	4	It was then offered to the BBC's regional drama department, BBC Birmingham, and the series was commissioned.
2231	0	Scottish national identity	30	What are the facts?
2232	0	Mouni Sadhu	30	As the Eastern occult schools treat concentration as a means for achievement for the highest goal, so the mind takes precedence over the heart.
2233	0	Mason Patrick	14	Mitchell began using Arnold's Information Division as an outlet to promote his personal opinions on the need for air power independence.
2234	0	Babraham	1	Babraham is a village and civil parish in the South Cambridgeshire district of Cambridgeshire, England, about south-east of Cambridge on the A1307 road.
2235	0	Josef Salvat	2	"Within the early months of the year, his first single of 2015, entitled ""Hustler"" was released after the success of both songs."
2236	0	Ford Verona	8	"Note: AE is an acronym for ""Alta Economia"" (High Fuel-Efficiency in English), AP stands for ""Alta Performance"" (High Performance in English)."
2237	0	John Brumby	9	From 1993 to 1996 Brumby worked to restore Labor's fortunes in Victoria.
2238	0	Arion (comics)	1	1) #55 (March 1982), and was created by Paul Kupperberg and Jan Duursema.
2239	0	Almora	5	Earlier to this, the Katyuris are recorded as the dominant clans in copper and stone engravings.
2240	0	Zheng Zhu	3	At that time, the eunuch Wang Shoucheng served as the monitor of Wuning, and Wang disliked Zheng immensely, and, on one occasion, Wang pointed out how the army was resentful of Zheng.
2241	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	33	"The ""Black Diamond Trophy"" is the trophy that goes to the winner of the game."
2242	0	Tower City Center	15	In 1931, the Higbee Company moved its main store to a new building connected to Cleveland Union Terminal.
2243	0	Districts of Kyrgyzstan	4	Issyk-Kul Region is divided administratively into 5 districts:
2244	0	47th Filmfare Awards	12	Dil Chahta Hai – Farhan Akhtar
2245	0	Ján Valašťan Dolinský	8	Translations:
2246	0	The Electric, Birmingham	1	It predates its namesake, the Electric Cinema in Notting Hill, London, by around two months.
2247	0	Riley Dobi Noel	13	Kissel added that Noel's reaction to the injection was probably the most intense of the seven executions he has witnessed.
2248	0	Jeff Mattson	2	Jeff was asked to audition for Phil Lesh & Friends in the fall of 1999 and in October 1999.
2249	0	Keith Maguire	1	Keith Robert Maguire (born 20 March 1961) is a former English cricketer.
2250	0	Šime Vrsaljko	6	He made his 2011–12 UEFA Champions League debut on Matchday 4 against AFC Ajax, and made another appearance in the final match against Olympique Lyonnais on Maksimir Stadium.
2251	0	Mighty to Save (Hillsong album)	6	Creative director
2252	0	Banda Street	2	It was referred to as Dickenson Hill and then changed to Bukit Padre, a name which alluded to the Portuguese missionary school which stood on top of the hill amidst nutmeg trees.
2253	0	Rory Mullarkey	4	"His ""The Wolf from the Door"" premiered at the Royal Court in the same year."
2254	0	Electrico (wrestler)	1	"Eléctrico (born August 21, 1986) is a Mexican ""Luchador"" ""enmascarado"" or masked professional wrestler who currently works for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL)."
2255	0	Amir Fryszer Guttman	6	When they were pulled out of the water a short while later, the niece was unharmed but Amir was not breathing.
2256	0	Dan Coudreaut	2	In 1995, he graduated at the top of his class from the Culinary Institute of America.
2257	0	Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games	13	The participating squad for the Games announced in 10 August.
2258	0	USS John Adams (SSBN-620)	5	"After completing an additional forty-three deterrent patrols from both her home port at Charleston, South Carolina, and from Holy Loch, Scotland, ""John Adams"" transited the Panama Canal to again enter the Puget Sound Navy Shipyard, this time in preparation for decommissioning after a long and distinguished career."
2259	0	Sagara, Karnataka	19	Linganamakki dam is built across the Sharavathi river and is 6 km from Jog Falls in Sagara taluk.
2260	0	River Balder	2	The head of the valley is a bleak moorland, with hills around it exceeding 500 m (1640 ft).
2261	0	Sierra de Cogollos	2	Its highest point is the 1,889 m high Peñón del Majalijar peak.
2262	0	Wealdstone	5	Marlborough ward (which covers southern parts of Wealdstone) was 24% Indian, 23% White British, 11% Other Asian and 10% Other White.
2263	0	World Federation of Right to Die Societies	5	MCS refers to people who have suffered neurological damage and will never fully recover, but still have some awareness.
2264	0	Pierre Amine Gemayel	16	Similar remarks and condemnation were issued by almost all of the major Lebanese political players.
2265	0	NBA on TNT	30	Hubie Brown and Jeff Van Gundy are currently the only former TNT announcers working for ESPN/ABC.
2266	0	American Wedding	9	Although agreeing they are over each other, Stifler's mom mentions having a double suite and invites Finch to join her.
2267	0	Judy's Scary Little Christmas	13	Stage Ovation Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance as “Judy”.
2268	0	Bessvatnet	1	Bessvatnet is a lake in Vågå, Oppland, Norway.
2269	0	James R. Mead (judge)	2	He was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.
2270	0	2016 Monterrey Open	4	The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
2271	0	The Haunted Mind	2	The story begins with the character's sudden waking from midnight slumber 1.
2272	0	Temescal Mountains	4	As part of the Perris Block, the Temescal Mountains are part of its eroded mass of Cretaceous and older granitic rocks of the Peninsular Ranges Batholith and metasedimentary basement rocks.
2273	0	NBA on TNT	4	During the first round, TNT airs games from Sunday to Thursday nights, with occasional broadcasts on Saturdays.
2274	0	Mars Attacks!	26	With the exception of Burton's jolting sight gags (I may never recover from the vision of Sarah Jessica Parker's head grafted on to the body of a chihuahua), the comedy is half-developed, pedestrian material.
2275	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	11	The 49th pole of his career put him in a tie for 10th all time on career poles with Bobby Isaac.
2276	0	Suscévaz	18	During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care.
2277	0	Glengarry Light Infantry	6	During the later months of the year, the unit's companies were deployed to various locations in Upper Canada, to act as a nucleus around which the local militia could form in a crisis.
2278	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	10	The following week Dumbarton were free from competitive commitments and travelled to play Wishaw Thistle in a friendly.
2279	0	Miss Earth 2004	8	"Final Question in Miss Earth 2004: ""On a quiet night, you could hear the sounds of nature talking to you."
2280	0	WLXG	3	Much of the WKLX airstaff (like Claude Sullivan and Artie Kay) went to WVLK.
2281	0	Bonn–Paris conventions	1	The conventions put an end to the Allied occupation of West Germany.
2282	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Svatý Mikuláš -
2283	0	Dying to Live (2018 film)	2	"Dying to Live"" premiered at the Sydney Film Festival in June 2018 and had local premieres at Melbourne International Film Festival, Brisbane International Film Festival and CinefestOz."
2284	0	Ground Equipment Facility J-33	5	Mill Valley Air Force Station' received an AN/FPS-8 in 1955 (subsequently converted to an AN/GPS-3), and during 1956 an AN/FPS-4 height-finder radar operated (superseded by an AN/FPS-6 in 1958.)
2285	0	The Harvest (1993 film)	3	He returns to United States with Natalie.
2286	0	Joseph T. Guastella	2	As the Air Component Commander for U.S. Central Command, the General is responsible for developing contingency plans and conducting air operations in a 20-nation area of responsibility covering Central and Southwest Asia.
2287	0	Sam Cooke	29	Bertha Franklin said she received numerous death threats after shooting Cooke.
2288	0	Helen Rollason	9	"In October 1998, the BBC aired a special edition of its ""QED"" documentary series titled ""Hope for Helen"", which followed her as she underwent a course of treatment."
2289	0	Martin Raguž	8	During this period, Raguž was a member of the Constitutional-Legal Committee of the House of Representatives.
2290	0	Fresh (Raspberries album)	1	It was their highest-charting album, peaking at number 36 on the Billboard album chart.
2291	0	National Register of Historic Places listings in Northeast Philadelphia	2	This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
2292	0	Mariss Jansons	14	Jansons' recording of Shostakovich's Symphony No.
2293	0	Balfour Formation	4	The sedimentary rocks of this formation are composed predominantly of alternating greenish-grey, bluish-grey, and grey-ish red mudstone that often contain siltstone lenses.
2294	0	Salem-Keizer School District	5	The Salem-Keizer School Board is responsible for hiring the superintendent, adopting the annual budget, and negotiating collective bargaining agreements with District staff.
2295	0	Dhananjay Singh	3	Singh went to Mumbai in 1984.
2296	0	2018 Thai League 3	16	JL Chiangmai United won 2–0 on aggregate.
2297	0	Tom Gleave	1	He was one of the first patients treated by Sir Archibald McIndoe at the Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, and became the first and only Chief Guinea Pig.
2298	0	Vinko Buden	2	In January 2013, he looked for a new international club and signed a contract with Cypriot premier division club Achna, seeking to help them to stay in the elite rank.
2299	0	Zoltán Solymosi	3	"Speaking of his time at the Royal Ballet, Solymosi said, ""Then I found some nice repertoire roles, like Rudolf in (MacMillan's) 'Mayerling' and Basil in Baryshnikov's 'Don Quixote."
2300	0	Benjamin Kirsten	3	In January 2008, Kirsten left Bayer 04 after 17 years and six months to join SV Waldhof Mannheim.
2301	0	Florence Craye	5	"Initially, Bertie is attracted by her beautiful profile, but starts to have doubts about her when she expects him to read the difficult book ""Types of Ethical Theory""."
2302	0	George Tuska	2	Harry, a foreman at a Hartford auto-tire company, died when George was 14.
2303	0	George Tuska	9	His first confirmed credit is the seven-page story
2304	0	2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Second Round	5	The fixtures of each group were automatically decided based on the respective pot of each team.
2305	0	Scottish national identity	3	In the late eighth century this situation was transformed by the beginning of ferocious attacks by the Vikings, who eventually settled in Galloway, Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides.
2306	0	Fritz von Frantzius	1	"Friedrich Wilhelm ""Fritz"" von Frantzius was a German-born American businessman and millionaire."
2307	0	Liberty X discography	3	"The first single, ""Song 4 Lovers"" reached number 5, the album peaked at number 27."
2308	0	German Renaissance	3	Important architecture of this period includes the Landshut Residence, Heidelberg Castle, the Augsburg Town Hall as well as the Antiquarium of the Munich Residenz in Munich, the largest Renaissance hall north of the Alps.
2309	0	EAS Pollux	3	Both Commander Susan Ivanova and Captain John Sheridan were furious upon seeing the video.
2310	0	Warco	3	"Allan Little, a foreign correspondent for BBC, was troubled by the idea of blurring the gap between video games and actual war zones: ""I think anything that encourages the view that you can understand real-life shooting wars better by playing a game has to be treated with caution."
2311	0	Foreign Policy Association	10	Today, the preparation of innovative study materials and teachers' guides, as well as workshops for teachers, are among FPA top priorities.
2312	0	DJ WilSAF	4	"He is the founder and CEO of SELAKIFAU Limited trading as 5iveGem Inc, ""Smoke Entertainment"" and is also one of the directors of HotBox Radio London now known as, ""FusionSound Radio""."
2313	0	Denise Driehaus	6	In her 2010 reelection bid, Driehaus' seat was looked at as a potential pick-up by Republicans.
2314	0	Bacchisa hoffmanni	1	It was described by Gressitt in 1939.
2315	0	Kranti	4	Laxmikant Pyarelal used famous singers Mohammed Rafi, Kishore Kumar, Manna Dey, Lata Mangeshkar, Mahendra Kapoor, Shailender Singh and Nitin Mukesh to sing for the actors.
2316	0	Matrix exponential	74	The matrix exponential has applications to systems of linear differential equations.
2317	0	Áed Oirdnide	9	That same year Fínsnechta Cethardec (died 808), King of Leinster, submitted to him.
2318	0	Flutamide	31	Levels of hydroxyflutamide are approximately 50-fold higher than those of flutamide at steady-state.
2319	0	Patterson Office Tower	4	"In an article published on December 11, 2018, by the ""Lexington Herald-Leader"", the tower's 18th floor was mentioned under the heading ""recommended capital project""."
2320	0	Roman Catholic Diocese of Hvar-Brač-Vis	2	The seat of the bishop was set up in Stari Grad, and the present-day Church of St. Stephen was its cathedral.
2321	0	Martha Gustafson	3	She won seven Paralympic medals for Canada in 1984 and no medals in 1988.
2322	0	Mason Patrick	9	The 1,481 total aircraft made it the largest air operation of the war.
2323	0	2018 FIA Formula 2 Championship	7	The stand-alone event that was held at the Circuito de Jerez in 2017 was discontinued.
2324	0	High Hazels Park	1	Since the 19th century, Darnall has been a centre of the coal and steel industry in Sheffield.
2325	0	Semih Tufan Gülaltay	3	One of the highest ranking soldiers detained in the Ergenekon investigation, Hurşit Tolon, was also known to the meetings of Gülaltay's party, UBP.
2326	0	Vladimir Prosin	1	Vladimir Prosin (Cyrillic: Владимир Просин; born 15 August 1959) is a retired Russian sprinter specialising in the 400 metres who competed for the Soviet Union.
2327	0	George Champion (cricketer)	2	His only first-class appearance came the following month against Somerset at Private Banks Sports Ground in Catford, failing to score a run in either innings.
2328	0	Mouni Sadhu	30	I am not including here the numerous and usually short-lived occult societies and groups, most of which were and still are occupied with aims which have practically nothing in common with the great task of transformation and purification of the human mind.
2329	0	Yashin (band)	13	2012 also saw Yashin headline the Jägermeister stage at Donington Download festival, Support Limp Bizkit in London, Germany, The Netherlands and the Czech Republic.
2330	0	Pacific Islands Forum	14	It has not been signed by either Palau or the Marshall Islands.
2331	0	Embrafilme	1	Embrafilme was the Brazilian State funded company created in 1969 for production and distribution of Brazilian movies.
2332	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	19	Late on December 9, Irene dissipated about 270 mi (435 km) north of the Lesser Antilles.
2333	0	Luo Tong	6	Luo Tong was promoted to Lieutenant-General (偏將軍) for his contributions.
2334	0	German Renaissance	9	"Holbein's well known series of small woodcuts on the ""Dance of Death"" relate to the works of the Little Masters, a group of printmakers who specialized in very small and highly detailed engravings for bourgeois collectors, including many erotic subjects."
2335	0	Bhabendra Nath Saikia	21	He also worked extensively in the creation, proposal, construction, and planning of the Srimanta Sankardev Kalakshetra in Guwahati, Assam, which is now a sprawling cultural center, one of its kind, and a tourist attraction for the state of Assam.
2336	0	Salem-Keizer School District	6	In the 2009 school year, the district had 815 students classified as homeless by the Department of Education, or 2.0% of students in the district.
2337	0	Fiat 131	4	Initially the 131 was offered only with pushrod valve gear, which offered the innovation of being the worldwide first engine with OHV valve gear and a belt driven camshaft.
2338	0	Ina Clough	2	"Clough's first filmed role was in the Mike Leigh film ""Bleak Moments"" (1971), and she later appeared on television in ""Z-Cars"" (1971), ""All Creatures Great and Small"" (1988), ""Last of the Summer Wine"" (1986/1988), ""Cracker"" (1994), ""Hetty Wainthropp Investigates"" (1996) and ""Coronation Street"" (1997)."
2339	0	Christian Prudhomme	5	Prudhomme became head of sport at La Cinq.
2340	0	Karl Munro	18	He is shocked at the fact Sunita's husband refuses to collect her from the police station after Sunita makes an exhibition of herself whilst drunk.
2341	0	Carex flacca	3	"Carex flacca"" is cultivated by plant nurseries as an ornamental plant, planted for accent or as a groundcover in gardens and public landscapes."
2342	0	La Crosse Rail Bridge	6	Over the years, L4B has gone through many changes, including replacement of the original bridge in 1902.
2343	0	El brujo	1	Finally, Papandujo manages to feed El Super a potion which makes him behave like a chicken (even to the point of laying real eggs).
2344	0	1974 Faroese general election	1	The Social Democratic Party emerged as the largest party in the Løgting, winning 7 of the 26 seats.
2345	0	Capitulation of Tainan	7	Nearly a thousand enemy bodies were counted after this massacre.
2346	0	Blek	4	While both had coding experience, neither were game developers by trade.
2347	0	Estahban County	1	The county is subdivided into two districts (bakhsh): the Central District and Runiz District.
2348	0	Young (mango)	4	The fruit typically ripens from July to August in Florida.
2349	0	Blanche Bruce	4	He later was elected to other county positions, including tax collector and supervisor of education, while he also edited a local newspaper.
2350	0	Jorge Moragas	5	He has made more than twenty interventions in Parliament defending the principles and values of democracy, freedom and human rights in areas of the world where they are threatened.
2351	0	Yuriy Kotsiubynsky	2	He studied in the Chernihiv Gymnasium.
2352	0	Aston Martin AMR1	5	Although not part of the World Sports Prototype Championship in 1989, Aston Martin next turned to the 24 Hours of Le Mans.
2353	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	8	The troops at the battery, having heard the battle, were under fear of immediate land attack by Union troops.
2354	0	Louie Anderson	25	Gordon, who was 31 at the time, was arrested after leading FBI agents on a high-speed chase along Santa Monica Boulevard.
2355	0	El Alebrije (wrestler)	3	They only defended the AAA Mascot Tag Team Title a limited number of times in the 1,691 days they held the title.
2356	0	Almora	28	Multiple local Hindi and English newspapers are published, whereas regional and national Hindi and English newspapers, printed elsewhere in India, are also circulated in Almora.
2357	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Nové Dvory -
2358	0	Movie House Cinemas	1	The company predominantly covers County Antrim, however it also has cinemas in County Londonderry.
2359	0	Almora	2	Almora was founded in 1568 by King Kalyan Chand, however there are accounts of human settlements in the hills and surrounding region in the Hindu epic Mahabharata (8th and 9th century BCE).
2360	0	Ma Hong	2	The following year he was involved in the organization of the General Trade Union of Tongpu Railroad, and in that same year joined the Communist Party of China.
2361	0	St. Louis tornado history	2	Another F4 tornado struck the Granite City and Edwardsville, Illinois area in April 1981.
2362	0	Sharon Fanning	2	She started her career as a graduate-assistant coach in 1975 at Tennessee.
2363	0	Uradel	3	"According to a third more strict definition, described in ""Der Große Brockhaus"" in 1928 (vol."
2364	0	Fortumo	1	Fortumo is an international mobile technology company.
2365	0	Johnny Bester	1	Bester matriculated at Jan van Riebeeck High School in Cape Town, after which he joined the Gardens Rugby Football Club, also situated within the Cape Town City Bowl.
2366	0	Damita Jo (album)	24	The incident resulted in the U.S. Federal Communications Commission enforcing massive fines on conglomerates involved with the broadcast, including CBS, Viacom, and MTV; who then blacklisted Jackson on many radio formats and music channels worldwide as a result.
2367	0	Propellerheads	8	"One of the trailers for the Disney/Pixar film ""The Incredibles"" featured ""On Her Majesty's Secret Service""."
2368	0	Stenurella bifasciata	1	Stenurella bifasciata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
2369	0	Jaladi Raja Rao	3	with Telugu as special course.
2370	0	Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1990)	13	He was placed on injured reserve on September 2, 2017.
2371	0	Compatible Discrete 4	3	A competing system, UD-4, was later introduced by Denon (Nippon Columbia).
2372	0	Rosemount, Minnesota	11	The per capita income for the city was $23,116.
2373	0	History of Thurgau	9	The cantonal current constitution dates to 1987.
2374	0	Man on Pink Corner	1	The story is one I have been retelling, with small variations, ever since.
2375	0	Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games	21	Pakistan was named one gymnast to compete in the artistic event.
2376	0	Paul Traynor	3	Before his move, he had played for teams in the American Hockey League, International Hockey League and the East Coast Hockey League.
2377	0	Geyperman	9	Joe and later on, the line featured vehicles, accessories, talking soldiers and six foreign soldiers.
2378	0	Janelle Asselin	8	After the piece was published, Asselin received multiple threats of rape and other bodily harm as well as derogatory sexual remarks questioning her professionalism and experience in the comic book industry.
2379	0	Kassia	9	Kassia traveled to Italy briefly, but eventually settled on the Greek Island of Kasos where she died sometime between 867 and 890 CE.
2380	0	EAS Pollux	4	"EAS ""Pollux"" was lost in the ensuing battle when a White Star, damaged by ""Pollux""'s forward batteries, tumbled out of control and collided head-on with the ""Pollux"", destroying both ships."
2381	0	MYMP	6	added a keyboardist and began working on a more pop sound, completing the transformation with the addition in 2000 of a female vocalist, Marifil Niña Girado, now known as Nina.
2382	0	Fiat 131	14	This car had four round headlights (the inner headlights being smaller than the outer ones, unlike any other Mirafiori model produced), different grille, spoilers and extended wheel arches, and a short-throw 5 speed gearbox.
2383	0	Graffiti Bridge (album)	4	"Written by Prince, it was originally a more punk rock song with a bass synthesizer; the update of the song includes an uncredited drum sample from Jimi Hendrix's ""Little Miss Lover""."
2384	0	James V. Forrestal Building	25	But the CFA said that it had changed its mind again, and would accept only a single large structure blocking off 10th Street SW.
2385	0	Regulation of acupuncture	8	As a result of the trial's conclusions, some insurance corporations in Germany no longer reimburse acupuncture treatments.
2386	0	Lucy (Skillet song)	2	"John Cooper initially refrained from discussing the song's full meaning, stating that it has ""a gist of regret where you wish you had done things differently"" and ""even though there's a specific story, it has a lot of interpretations that have kind of meant a lot to a lot of people already."
2387	0	Mouni Sadhu	8	Sedir was by no means an imaginative fiction writer, who fed his readers on his own literary inventions.
2388	0	Hours of Hennessy	1	It was bought for 12,000 francs from Peter Hennessy's heirs by the Royal Library of Belgium and is one of its most important manuscripts.
2389	0	Flutamide	17	Because flutamide is a pure antiandrogen, unlike steroidal antiandrogens like cyproterone acetate and megestrol acetate (which additionally possess progestogenic activity), it does not appear to have a risk of cardiovascular side effects (e.g., thromboembolism) or fluid retention.
2390	0	Rog (factory)	2	Today, the former Rog factory serves Ljubljana and the wider community as a space for alternative content which is lacking in an otherwise heavily institutionalized Slovenia.
2391	0	Star's End	2	Beginning in the early 1980s Star's End went through an extended rotation of several different DJ's.
2392	0	Zheng Zhu	3	Later, when Li Su was moved to be the military governor of Wuning Circuit (武寧, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu), Zheng followed him, and became even more involved in the decisions.
2393	0	João Soares de Sousa	7	Yet, he later married Maria de Andrade, daughter of Nuno Fernandes Velho, master of Larache.
2394	0	Suscévaz	15	, there were 12 workers who commuted into the municipality and 61 workers who commuted away.
2395	0	Helen Rollason	5	Their daughter, Nikki, was born in 1983.
2396	0	Countdown City	3	Eventually, Palace finds Brett in a small community near Portsmouth Harbor and tries to persuade him to return to his wife.
2397	0	Robb Nansel	1	He is also credited as a member of Commander Venus and Bright Eyes.
2398	0	Mason Patrick	10	Patrick was again appointed Chief of the Air Service on October 5, 1921 with the permanent rank of major general.
2399	0	Damita Jo (album)	38	"Its vocals were described as ""lovely"" and ""quite graceful"", containing an ""unassuming flutter and grit""; ultimately displaying a progression, saying ""Jackson has grown into her voice along with the rest of her body."
2400	0	Bermuda II Agreement	18	For Gatwick-based BCal this meant that it did not have to face any competitor that was using Heathrow, a more accessible airport with a bigger catchment area and a far greater number of passengers connecting between flights, on any of the new routes it was planning to launch to the US.
2401	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	41	Rahula also affirms however that nibbana is not a negative or an annihilation, because there is no self to be annihilated and because 'a negative word does not necessarily indicate a negative state'.
2402	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	44	"Mahasi further notes that ""feeling [""vedana""] ceases with the parinibbāna of the Arahant"" and also that ""the cessation of senses is nibbāna"" (citing the ""Pañcattaya Sutta"")."
2403	0	Overton Smith Gildersleeve	3	Gildersleeve ran unsuccessfully for the Cataraqui seat on the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada in 1858, losing to Alexander Campbell, and for the Kingston seat in the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in 1863, losing to John A. Macdonald.
2404	0	Aston Webb	15	At the University of Birmingham (1900-1912), the whole of the original scheme, in the Byzantine style, was the product of the Webb-Bell partnership.
2405	0	Battle of Santa Rita de Morelos	1	The result was a victory for the Centralists.
2406	0	20th Rifle Division (Soviet Union)	1	The first formation of the division lasted from 1919 to 1921 and fought during the Russian Civil War before its downsizing into a brigade.
2407	0	George Berkley (engineer)	4	He was a younger brother of James Joseph Berkley (1819–1862), chief engineer of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway.
2408	0	Jakobstad	3	The town was founded in 1652 by Ebba Brahe, the widow of the military commander Jacob De la Gardie, and was granted city privileges by Queen Christina of Sweden.
2409	0	Don Lawrence	6	"After an abortive start on a strip entitled ""Commander Grek"" written by his friend Vince Wernham, Lawrence found success with ""Storm""."
2410	0	Paul de Senneville	5	Very soon, the pair got involved in Production.
2411	0	Mundesley Volunteer Inshore Lifeboat	6	The roof is constructed from insulated steel cladding.
2412	0	Lanthanum carbide	5	A 1998 study by Stevenson et al.
2413	0	Cerace ios	2	Here, dark markings predominate.
2414	0	Conciliarity	2	Catholic doctrine does regard ecumenical councils as legitimate but extraordinary sources of authority.
2415	0	Peever, South Dakota	9	As of the census of 2000, there were 209 people, 61 households, and 50 families residing in the town.
2416	0	2006 Massachusetts Senate elections	1	The current session began in January, 2007, and consists of 35 Democrats and 5 Republicans.
2417	0	German Renaissance	16	"Unlike some other ""thinkers"" of this time, Reuchlin submerged himself into this, even creating a guide to preaching within the Hebrew faith."
2418	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	38	However, in 1934, the capital was moved from Kharkiv to Kiev, which remains the capital of Ukraine today, although at first Kharkiv retained some government offices and buildings for some time after the move.
2419	0	George Minchin	4	"As a lecturer at RIEC, he was described as ""brilliant"", much admired for his wit and ability to draw in pupils and colleagues alike with otherwise dull topics."
2420	0	Antillean Adventist University	5	The two bearded and armed barbudos were very tired, yet confident of their cause.
2421	0	Henry Green	12	"The last-named said of him, ""He was a truly original writer, his prose was fresh minted, he drove his bloodless scalpel inches deeper into the brain and heart, none of it had been said before."
2422	0	Karl Munro	17	In November 2011, Michie revealed that Karl would become a gambling addict in an upcoming storyline.
2423	0	Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria	1	The body acted as the buyer of banks for the Nigerian Government by acquiring the non-performing loans (NPL).
2424	0	Expert	32	Hartelius acknowledges that knowledge, experience, training, skill, and qualification are important dimensions of expertise but posits that the concept is more complex than sociologists and psychologists suggest.
2425	0	Passion: White Flag	2	96 on the Canadian Albums Chart.
2426	0	Seagull Camera	6	Seagull 4 is the first model from 1967.
2427	0	G. Mark Voit	1	G. Mark Voit (born 1961) is a professor of in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Michigan State University.
2428	0	Hotel Carrasco	2	Its construction started in 1912 and finished in 1921, after 9 years work.
2429	0	Keep yor feet still Geordie hinny	13	Aw thowt aw set her hyem that neet, content we went alang.
2430	0	WFME (AM)	9	Although initially successful, the station's advertising revenues were not spectacular, and older audience demographics were deemed undesirable for long-term success.
2431	0	North Ray (crater)	2	They visited North Ray on EVA 3, at station 11, about 4.4 km north of the landing site.
2432	0	Ali Sami Yen	6	Ali Sami Yen died in 1951.
2433	0	Dominican Civil War	13	A day later, OAS members established the Inter-American Peace Force (IAPF) with the goal of serving as a peacekeeping formation in the Dominican Republic.
2434	0	I'd Rather Go Blonde	2	Never one to shy away from the big issues, this album sees McEvoy tackling themes such as alienation, hypocrisy, recent Irish history and romance.
2435	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	25	This was part of a deal with the United States to ensure a degree of balance in the General Assembly, which, the USSR opined, was unbalanced in favor of the Western Bloc.
2436	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	2	The coin had originally been thought of by Idahoans, led by Dr. Minnie Howard, seeking to further preservation work at Fort Hall; Meeker broadened the idea.
2437	0	Xou da Xuxa Sete	9	"Some of the discarded tracks from the album were made known to the public when they were released on the album ""Xuxa"" in 1993."
2438	0	Interlopers	1	Interlopers is a 2001 science fiction novel by American writer Alan Dean Foster.
2439	0	Zoltán Solymosi	3	He quickly gained experience dancing all the major roles in the repertoire.
2440	0	Dahr Safra	1	According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dahr Safra had a population of 1,019 in the 2004 census.
2441	0	Rory Mullarkey	5	"In 2017, Mullarkey's ""Saint George and the Dragon"" premiered at the National Theatre."
2442	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	26	David Blair (ex Dumbarton Harp) was introduced in goal, while Ritchie resumed at centre half, Gordon took over at centre forward and Taylor took Hill’s place on the left wing.
2443	0	Lincoln City Career Technical High School	1	It has a class size of 3-8, a student teacher ratio of 5 to 1, and a faculty well versed in academic, trades, arts, and music.
2444	0	CAAL Racing	7	27 entry from Alex Caffi Motorsport starting from the fourth race week of the season at Autodrom Most, bringing its drivers Thomas Ferrando and Pierluigi Veronesi to the team as well.
2445	0	Noiseworks	1	"They had four Australian Top 10 albums, ""Noiseworks"" (No."
2446	0	Zoltán Solymosi	3	The production was televised and later released on DVD.
2447	0	Abdul Osman	3	"On 22 September 2010, Osman netted the winning penalty-kick at Anfield Stadium, as the ""Cobblers"" knocked Liverpool out of the League Cup."
2448	0	Oghab Tehran F.C.	4	In 2011 Oghab made their comeback to Iranian football as they gained promotion to the 3rd Division.
2449	0	Patterson Office Tower	3	A fountain also existed at the tower, but it was removed in 1999.
2450	0	Gordon L. Brady	2	in Economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1973, a Ph.D. in Economics from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1976 and Master of Studies in Law from Yale Law School .
2451	0	Manhattan Cafe	5	He was relaxed and the others weren't coping well.
2452	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	1	In the network of the Mississippi, Tennessee and Ohio rivers, the Union river gunboats under Flag Officer Andrew Hull Foote and General Ulysses S. Grant sought to infiltrate and attack the Confederate positions in Tennessee.
2453	0	Sycamore Canyon Wilderness	6	Camping is prohibited in the wilderness downstream of Parson Spring.
2454	0	Flame tank	2	Fuel for the flame weapon was either carried inside the tank, in armoured external storage, or in some cases in a special trailer behind the tank (Churchill Crocodile).
2455	0	551st Strategic Missile Squadron	6	If a decision was made to launch the missile, the missile was raised to the surface and the liquid oxygen tank was filled.
2456	0	Ford Verona	16	In the last production year, they both fell to 9th and 15th positions, respectively.
2457	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	22	"The ""Fūryū Rokkasen"" version matches Toyohina with Kisen Hōshi."
2458	0	Anarkali (2015 film)	2	Shanthanu Varma, who was a navy officer, pines over a girl whom he loved 15 years ago and had to leave the navy because of his affair with her.
2459	0	Broe helmet	10	"The Broe helmet fits into the corpus of ""crested helmets"" known in Northern Europe from the 6th through the 11th centuries AD."
2460	0	Pauline Bern	4	Bern's work often references domestic activity.
2461	0	Labbaikudikadu	24	SBI ATM near MGM complex
2462	0	James Brinkley	1	He is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler.
2463	0	Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress	3	In addition, nine districts or borough towns were also authorized a single delegate.
2464	0	Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University	1	"The Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University ( or ""Alter Botanischer Garten Göttingen""), with an area of 4.5 hectares, is an historic botanical garden maintained by the University of Göttingen."
2465	0	Eisbären Berlin	6	The Anschutz Entertainment Group acquired sole ownership of the Eisbären in 1999, ensuring financial stability.
2466	0	The Luminaire	2	It was co-founded by John Donnelly, a publican from Ireland, and Andy Inglis, a Scot.
2467	0	Lagosta Field	1	The field is estimated to contain of gas, and of oil in the Itajaí-Açu Formation.
2468	0	CJSA-FM	5	CJSA airs Tamil language programming on their HD-2 subchannel.
2469	0	Pittsburgh LAN Coalition	10	Iron Storm is held semi-annually, generally in March and in August.
2470	0	HMS Tirade	3	Armament consisted of three Mk IV QF guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the funnels.
2471	0	Tver	9	On 12 September 1485, the forces of Ivan the Great seized the city.
2472	0	Latécoère 23	3	The tail unit of the Latécoère 23 was much cleaner than that of its predecessor, with control surfaces merging smoothly into the lines of tailplane and fin.
2473	0	Kristinn Óskar Haraldsson	2	Boris Haraldsson was born in 1980 in Reykjavík in Iceland.
2474	0	1963 IAAF World Race Walking Cup	8	Sofia, Bulgaria, September 1
2475	0	Rodrigo Palacio	9	In the first fixture of the season, Palacio scored a brace against Cittadella in the third round of the Coppa Italia.
2476	0	Stanley Jennings	7	Jennings died on September 4, 2005, from congestive heart failure.
2477	0	Medicare and Medicaid Extenders Act of 2010	3	The SGR determines how much money Medicare will pay physicians and other health care providers for health services.
2478	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	7	Many famous Scots occupied the residences of St Andrew Square.
2479	0	Al-Muharraq SC	25	Football Youth
2480	0	Anton Hám	5	A large number of his pins have been focused on sports, religious, historical and agricultural themes.
2481	0	Cristian Insaurralde	1	Cristian Manuel Insaurralde (born 20 July 1991) is an Argentine professional footballer who currently plays for Newell's Old Boys.
2482	0	Caltex Woolworths	9	Caltex Woolworths offers a 4¢ per litre discount off the pump price for customers who present a docket, obtained after spending a qualifying amount of $30 or more at Woolworths and Safeway supermarkets and Tasmanian Big W department stores (Previously nationwide; mainland Big W stores stopped issuing fuel dockets in September 2010).
2483	0	The Haden Triplets	3	"In 2014, they released their first vocal album together, ""The Haden Triplets,"" produced by Ry Cooder on Jack White's Third Man Records and it collects stripped-down, old-time country songs from the Carter Family, Bill Monroe, the Stanley Brothers, Webb Pierce, Kitty Wells, and the Louvin Brothers."
2484	0	Port d'Envalira	1	2408 m.) is a mountain pass in the Pyrenees in Andorra, that connects El Pas de la Casa with the rest of the country.
2485	0	Thomas C. Peebles	2	He attended Boston University for a year, taking the pre-med courses he had not taken as an undergraduate.
2486	0	Franco-Belge de Fabrication du Combustible	1	Since 2018, FBFC is a subsidiary of Framatome.
2487	0	Joan Maling	3	"Maling was co-editor (1983–1986) and then editor-in-chief (1987–2003) of the linguistics journal ""Natural Language and Linguistic Theory""."
2488	0	Stone skipping	3	Before him, the record was 51 skips, set by Russell Byars on July 19, 2007, skipping at the same location.
2489	0	Alyaksandr Yermakovich	2	Since 2008 he has been an assistant coach in BATE Borisov, and in October 2013 he was appointed as the team's head coach.
2490	0	2002–03 Austrian Cup	1	The competition was won by Austria Vienna after beating FC Kärnten 3–2.
2491	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	29	The first goal went to the visitors as a defensive clearance struck new boy Stewart and went into the goal.
2492	0	Hal Hartley	20	He was awarded a fellowship by The American Academy in Berlin in late 2004, where he did research related to a proposed large-scale project concerning the life of French educator and social activist Simone Weil.
2493	0	High Hazels Park	2	The arches that lead to the main entrance were built of the same stone as the Houses of Parliament.
2494	0	Broe helmet	5	The Broe example is too fragmentary, however, for its exact design to be determined.
2495	0	The Devil in Amber	17	Mons attempts to undo the damage Box has done but only succeeds in destroying himself and bringing down the roof of the cave system.
2496	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Třebonín -
2497	0	Delaware Route 23	5	By 1970, the road was paved.
2498	0	Damita Jo (album)	14	The song opens with rattling tablas and stuttering guitars.
2499	0	Texas League	3	After the incident, hits were only awarded for balls that landed between the infielders and outfielders.
2500	0	Faran Model College	1	Faran Model College () is one of the intermediate colleges in Pakistan.
2501	0	CAAL Racing	6	Day won at Magione and both races at Zolder.
2502	0	Tver	18	During the Cold War, Kalinin was home to the Kryuchkovo air base, which is no longer in service.
2503	0	Nobody Home	9	</poem>
2504	0	Alpinia nigra	1	In many Asian tribal communities it is a part of the diet along with rice.
2505	0	Enterobacter	6	"A recent study has shown that the presence of ""Enterobacter cloacae"" B29 in the gut of a morbidly obese individual may have contributed to the patient’s obesity."
2506	0	Vishvamitri railway station	2	Makarpura is the nearest railway station towards Mumbai.
2507	0	Albert (1985 film)	1	Albert is a 1985 Czechoslovak film directed by František Vláčil.
2508	0	South West District Football League	6	Of the 14 founding clubs, eight came from the Portland and District Football League, three from the Port Fairy Football League and three from the Glenelg Football League.
2509	0	Callistus I of Constantinople	9	On his way to Serbia, Callistus traveled through Mount Athos.
2510	0	Flame tank	9	Due to the perceived inhumanity of the weapon itself, captured crews of such tanks were often treated much less humanely than crews of regular tanks.
2511	0	Blek	1	It is minimalist in design, features excerpts of Erin Gee, and takes inspiration from Golan Levin, the Bauhaus, and Japanese calligraphy.
2512	0	Hittite cuisine	1	The Hittites have left a good number of texts detailing preparation of food and many Hittite laws stipulate how certain food is to be prepared, cooked and served.
2513	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	5	"His number of poles during the season led to him being nicknamed 'Rocket Man""."
2514	0	Vehicle title branding	13	"For example, ConsumerReports.org reported that vehicle history checks would at times produce ""clean"" results despite the vehicles being offered for sale as damaged on such websites as eBay.com and even eRepairables.com, a site specializing in the advertisement of salvage cars for sale."
2515	0	William Gibbs McAdoo House	1	It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
2516	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	3	Throughout its 72-year history, the republic's borders changed many times, with a significant portion of what is now Western Ukraine being annexed by Soviet forces in 1939 from the Republic of Poland, and the addition of Zakarpattia in 1946.
2517	0	Maurice Filion	1	His tenure as general manager ended in 1988 when he was promoted to an executive role and was replaced by Martin Madden, but served as interim general manager for a few months in 1990 when Madden was fired.
2518	0	Ringer (song)	6	"Credits adapted from ""Decline & Fall"" liner notes"
2519	0	Karl Munro	5	Stella slaps him and threatens to scream for help and, shaken, she orders him to leave.
2520	0	Airport High School (South Carolina)	1	A part of Lexington County School District 2, it derives its name from its location next to Columbia Metropolitan Airport.
2521	0	James V. Forrestal Building	48	"In response, DOE officials said they would immediately implement plans to make the Forrestal Building ""a showcase for lighting innovation."
2522	0	Anton Hám	4	They were called St. Wenceslas ducats (svätováclavské dukáty), which were used as an official trade currency in Czechoslovakia.
2523	0	1998 Wisconsin gubernatorial election	1	Incumbent Governor Tommy Thompson won re-election for the third time with nearly 60% of the vote.
2524	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	39	Following the creation of the Ukrainian SSR significant numbers of ethnic Ukrainians found themselves living outside the Ukrainian SSR.
2525	0	William Sanders (statistician)	5	Tennessee began using the system in 1993, and it since has been adopted by a number of other school districts across the United States.
2526	0	Cherney incision	1	The Cherney incision is an incision used in gynecologic surgery.
2527	0	Hasmig Belleli	6	She was elected to a third council term for the Acadie division in 2001, as Gérald Tremblay's Montreal Island Citizens Union (MICU) defeated Vision Montreal across the city.
2528	0	Hele-Shaw clutch	10	Engaging each clutch in turn provided a forwards and reverse motion, one direction being geared down in speed and increased in torque.
2529	0	Starlight (anthology series)	4	"Starlight 2"" was nominated for the World Fantasy Award for best anthology in 1999."
2530	0	Zygomaturus	1	Zygomaturus is an extinct genus of giant marsupial from Australia during the Pleistocene.
2531	0	Scottish national identity	22	"In cities like Glasgow a sense of civic pride emerged as it expanded to become the ""second city of the Empire"", while the corporation remodelled the town and controlled transport, communications and housing."
2532	0	1994–95 UEFA Champions League knockout stage	10	Milan won 3–0 on aggregate.
2533	0	John Hopkins (lawyer)	5	The following describes his supervisions perfectly:
2534	0	Ormr Ásláksson	2	In 1347, Icelandic farmers protested about his governance to the Norwegian king, Haakon VI Magnusson via the Alþingi.
2535	0	Mohamed Kasbr	1	Mohamed Kasbr (born 23 July 1974) is an Egyptian field hockey player.
2536	0	Mariss Jansons	17	On 1 November 2013, Jansons was awarded Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion and received it from Dutch Minister of Education, Culture and Science Jet Bussemaker.
2537	0	Andreas Kofler	8	His hobbies include telemark skiing, football, surfing and climbing.
2538	0	Of Mice and Men (play)	8	The following tables show the casts of the principal original productions:
2539	0	For Me and My Gal (film)	14	"For Me and My Gal"" had an estimated budget of $803,000, and was in production at MGM's Culver City studios from 3 April until 23 May 1942, with additional scenes shot in June."
2540	0	Charles Follis	4	Follis entered Wooster College, in 1901, however he chose to play football for the amateur Wooster Athletic Association, rather than the college squad.
2541	0	M-E Girard	2	The novel won the Lambda Literary Award for LGBT Children's/Young Adult Literature at the 29th Lambda Literary Awards in 2017.
2542	0	Philip H. Torrey	18	He settled in La Jolla, California, with his wife, Elizabeth and died in San Diego on June 7, 1968.
2543	0	Miss Iowa Teen USA	2	Miss Iowa Teen USA 1992 Jamie Solinger was crowned Miss Teen USA at the national pageant held in Biloxi, Mississippi that year.
2544	0	Karl Munro	11	Overcome with stress, he intervenes and violently threatens them whilst acting hysterical.
2545	0	Patterson Office Tower	9	On March 27, 2013, the tower was one of the Fayette County locations for Take Back the Night protests.
2546	0	1654 in France	1	Events from the year 1654 in France
2547	0	Dolores Claiborne (film)	15	"Dolores Claiborne"" received mostly positive reviews from critics; it currently holds an 84% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 43 reviews with an average rating of 6.7."
2548	0	Collège André-Grasset	2	The college was founded in 1927 by the priests at St. Sulpice of Montreal and named after priest André Grasset.
2549	0	Tver	3	In 1246, Alexander Nevsky granted it to his younger brother Yaroslav Yaroslavich (d. 1271), from whom a dynasty of local princes descended.
2550	0	Kit Pedler	3	"In the mid-1960s, Pedler became the unofficial scientific adviser to the ""Doctor Who"" production team."
2551	0	Blankenese High Lighthouse	2	Blankenese High Lighthouse and Blankenese Low Lighthouse form a range of lights for ships sailing upriver on the Elbe.
2552	0	2018 San Diego Padres season	1	The 2018 San Diego Padres season was the 50th season of the San Diego Padres franchise.
2553	0	Pablo Gad	4	"The single ""Hard Time"" was inspired by a visit back ""home"" to Jamaica where Pablo noticed that there was a different type of suffering experienced."
2554	0	Rob Moroso	6	In 1989 Moroso, was vying with veteran driver Tommy Houston for the championship in the final race of the year, at Martinsville Speedway.
2555	0	Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales	10	"She later is haunted by ""visions of sugarplums"" and is relieved when Charlie Brown tells her they are simply a type of candy."
2556	0	Scarborough Shoal	6	A number of countries have made historic claims of the use of Scarborough Shoal.
2557	0	Matrix exponential	15	This follows from the fact that, for real-valued matrices, the right-hand side of the formula is always positive, while there exist invertible matrices with a negative determinant.
2558	0	Flutamide	39	Unfortunately, it has been associated with side effects in these studies including gynecomastia and breast tenderness (in about 50% of patients), gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, diarrhea, and flatulence, and hepatotoxicity, although sexual function including libido and erectile potency were maintained.
2559	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	5	"Nirvana"", or the liberation from cycles of rebirth, is the highest aim of the Theravada tradition."
2560	0	6.5×47mm Lapua	7	pressure to certify for sale to consumers.
2561	0	Wahed	1	Wahed is a surname or given name, and may refer to:
2562	0	Oktyabr, Kara-Kulja	1	Its population was 2,416 in 2009.
2563	0	Tapestry (DHT)	3	Tapestry is an extensible infrastructure that provides decentralized object location and routing focusing on efficiency and minimizing message latency.
2564	0	McKesson Corporation	25	In 1991, McKesson Corporation acquired a 100 percent interest in Medis Health and Pharmaceutical Services from Provigo.
2565	0	Drawing Restraint 9	12	At dawn the mould is then removed from the sculpture, which then collapses into a large pile of congealed petroleum jelly with the assistance of the long-handled flensing knives, and the ambergris is lowered back down into the hold to lie alongside the plastic 'spine' where it begins to disintegrate.
2566	0	Keep yor feet still Geordie hinny	16	</poem>
2567	0	Love Never Faileth	5	To clarify the commentaries, each edition also concludes with a brief description of the text-focused method of meditation that is several times mentioned by Easwaran.
2568	0	Qasar	2	Food was scarce and Behter, his older half-brother, and the eldest of all the sons of the late Yesugei, stole or kept food from his mother and siblings.
2569	0	N52 road (Ireland)	5	The installation was funded by the percentage for arts scheme where 1% of the budget is allocated to roadside art.
2570	0	Alan H. Schoenfeld	2	He taught at UC Davis (1973–5), UC Berkeley (1975–78), Hamilton College (1978–81) and the University of Rochester (1981–1985) before moving back to Berkeley where he now works.
2571	0	Flame tank	7	"The US Army received a smaller American designed flamethrower mounted upon the M4 Sherman tank during the same month of September 1944, assigned to the US Army's 70th Tank Battalion, the flamethrowing tanks went into action on 18 September 1944, where it was found that the weapons had a very short range as compared to the British ""Crocodiles"", and consequently were not very popular amongst US troops."
2572	0	Spiribacter aquaticus	1	"Spiribacter aquaticus is a Gram-negative and moderately halophilic bacterium from the genus of ""Spiribacter"" which has been isolated from a solar saltern from Santa Pola in Spain."
2573	0	WLXG	4	In 1958, WLEX was sold to Roy B.
2574	0	The Newark Targum	3	"The Newark Targum"" also prints content from The Associated Press, most notably on page 2 in the World Briefs column and occasionally in the sports section."
2575	0	Southern Cross Healthcare (United Kingdom)	3	Blackstone then acquired care home owner NHP (Nursing Home Properties) for £564m, which saw a competition investigation by the Office of Fair Trading.
2576	0	Benadi	4	Both Marathi and Kannada School are present in village.
2577	0	Bloodgood	3	"Directly prior to the formation of Bloodgood, Michael had been involved in a local effort, what he later described as ""basic straight-ahead rock."
2578	0	AMD Alliance International	18	Ireland
2579	0	James Millar (artist)	2	Born in Birmingham, Millar is recorded in the town's Poor Law levy books in 1763 but was to become the leading Birmingham portrait painter of the last quarter of the 18th century.
2580	0	Domaradzyn	1	Domaradzyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Głowno, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
2581	0	John Ralston (baritone)	7	Gilbert and Sullivan
2582	0	Tower City Center	3	Original designs for the complex show that at first the brothers did not plan on building an office tower within the complex.
2583	0	Jennifer Hof	6	Rumors that she had already won the casting season in the Castinghow's third season, she had consistently denied.
2584	0	Ayodele Casel	3	With the encouragement of Wilder, Casel started studying under Barbara Duffy.
2585	0	Martin Raguž	2	He ran for Croatian member position of the Presidency of Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a candidate SSO-H party.
2586	0	History of guerrilla warfare	32	The most well known brigand was Carmine Crocco, a former soldier in the service of Giuseppe Garibaldi who formed an army of two thousand men.
2587	0	Macha, Zambia	1	The climate is tropical.
2588	0	Luo Tong	3	At the time, there was a famine, so the residents in Luo Tong's hometown and other travellers taking shelter there suffered from hunger.
2589	0	James Dance	1	James Cyril Aubrey George Dance (5 May 1907 – 16 March 1971) was a British Conservative Party politician.
2590	0	Sutton London Borough Council elections	13	The by-election was called following the resignation of Cllr.
2591	0	Gomer Pyle	5	", ""Golly"", ""Sur-prise, sur-prise, sur-prise!"
2592	0	Sid Scales	3	While in camp Scales showed his talent as a caricaturist by contributing to an in-camp newspaper called 'Mark Time'.
2593	0	Möbius ladder	10	Möbius ladders have also been used in computer science, as part of integer programming approaches to problems of set packing and linear ordering.
2594	0	History of the Green Party of England and Wales	6	New democratic institutions were created that offered electoral possibilities for the Greens, such as the London Assembly, the National Assembly for Wales and – for the independent Scottish Green Party – the Scottish Parliament, all of which use some form of proportional representation, allowing smaller parties the chance of gaining representation.
2595	0	Postgraduate training in general dentistry in the United States	8	In both programs, the basic skills learned in dental school are improved significantly, preparing the dentist for a career in private practice or for a specialty residency program.
2596	0	Labbaikudikadu	3	Background:
2597	0	Virgil Grandfield	2	He returned to Aceh in 2007 to work for the Canadian Red Cross and resigned as a delegate in 2008.
2598	0	Almora	23	Pantnagar Airport, located in Pantnagar is the primary Airport serving entire Kumaon Region.
2599	0	Leon Hess	11	The Leon Hess Business School at Monmouth University and the Leon and Norma Hess Center for Science and Medicine were named for him.
2600	0	Jean Brodie-Hall	17	CSIRO Publishing
2601	0	North-American Interfraternity Conference	5	Each member fraternity must be national or international in scope, as opposed to local, which is defined to mean having five chapters of ten men each, having three chapters which have been part of the fraternity for at least five years, and have a constitution that calls for national conventions with interim authority vested in a smaller governing body.
2602	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	36	The Banking Committee opposed the bill, and it failed.
2603	0	Juan Triviño	1	He is recently signed with El Nacional, and also played for the Ecuadorian national team between 2004 and 2005.
2604	0	Mouni Sadhu	13	So between 1946 and 1948 he lived for two years in Brazil, before emigrating to Australia.
2605	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	4	Alice was the first North Atlantic tropical cyclone to have a female name.
2606	0	Charles Follis	2	Charles W. Follis was born on February 3, 1879 to James Henry and Catherine Matilda Anderson Follis in Cloverdale, Virginia.
2607	0	Rodrigo Palacio	22	Later in that match, he made a good run by dribbling the goalkeeper and assisted the third goal of the match scored by winger Ezequiel Lavezzi.
2608	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	14	When talking in 2016 with a newspaper about a role model as a leader, she revealed her admiration for former US Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright.
2609	0	United States Post Office and Courthouse (New Bern, North Carolina)	7	The first level contains five arched entrance openings topped by decorative swag-and-garland motifs executed in limestone.
2610	0	The President's Daughter series	13	"Trudy Donovan appears in the first book, ""The President’s Daughter"", as the Powers family housekeeper."
2611	0	For Me and My Gal (film)	13	The film was also the American motion picture debut of Hungarian singer Martha Eggerth, who had appeared in over thirty films in Germany.
2612	0	Sound &amp; Vision (magazine)	2	During the initial phase the magazine was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.
2613	0	Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr	11	Laurent de Gouvion-Saint-Cyr died on 17 March 1830 in Hyères, a town in the southeast of France.
2614	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	3	"A Japan-only reissue of ""Saxobeats"" (2011) was released in October 2013 with the addition of the singles—the singer's last album on Prodan's label, Maan Records."
2615	0	Banksia lindleyana	3	Meissner did not give an etymology for the specific epithet, but it is accepted that the name honours John Lindley.
2616	0	2015–16 VfL Wolfsburg season	8	The list is sorted by shirt number when total goals are equal.
2617	0	Martha Gustafson	4	Gustafson won a silver medal at the 2016 Canadian Track and Field Championships in discus.
2618	0	1986–87 Port Vale F.C. season	1	Vale Park saw its record lowest attendance for a competitive encounter when only 994 loyal supporters turned out for a League Trophy clash with Hereford United.
2619	0	Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry	7	The last certification for racing was gained in 2001.
2620	0	Jainism in Afghanistan	1	It is likely from the 10th-century or later, states Pal.
2621	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	9	Virginia Tech's first post-season bowl appearance was in the 1947 Sun Bowl in El Paso, Texas against the University of Cincinnati.
2622	0	Karl Munro	14	This means that Karl will not be released until 2038.
2623	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	17	"Hanaōgi's name is deciphered from the ""hanji-e"" as follows: from top to bottom, a hand fan ( ""ōgi""), an arrow (, ""ya""), flowers ( ""hana""), and another hand fan ( ""ōgi"")."
2624	0	Mariss Jansons	15	"In 2011, he was awarded the same title by the German journal ""Opernwelt""."
2625	0	Áed Oirdnide	1	Áed mac Néill (died 819) (), commonly called Áed Oirdnide, was King of Ailech.
2626	0	Hardinge Park	4	The park is dotted with ornamental fountains and perpendicular pathways are present across the area of the park.
2627	0	History of guerrilla warfare	9	Under the tutelage of Wendake, Wobanaki, Algonquin and Ottawa tutors the habitants of New France learned La Petite Guerre and successfully used them against the Iroquois.
2628	0	History of guerrilla warfare	35	Even the largest engagements of the conflict, such as the Kilmichael Ambush or Crossbarry Ambush constituted mere skirmishes by the standards of a conventional war.
2629	0	Philip H. Torrey	10	He was ordered back to the Naval War College in June 1937 and graduated from the Senior course in May 1938.
2630	0	Tarrytown Light	8	In 1847 a location for a light was identified at Teller's Point, the southern tip of Croton Point just north of Ossining, at the north end of the shoal.
2631	0	Calliphora vicina	7	The species predominates in Europe and the New World, but has found its way into other countries via harbors and airports.
2632	0	Klaus Wyrtki	5	In 2003, Wyrtki was awarded the Prince Albert I Medal.
2633	0	James V. Forrestal Building	7	Five months later, GSA proposed that several new federal office buildings be constructed in Washington, D.C., including one or more buildings along 10th Street SW.
2634	0	Scottish national identity	18	James Macpherson was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation, claiming to have found poetry written by ancient bard Ossian, he published translations that acquired international popularity, being proclaimed as a Celtic equivalent of the Classical epics.
2635	0	2012 Boeing 727 crash experiment	3	The aircraft had been leased to Bob Dole's 1996 presidential election campaign by the then-owner AvAtlantic.
2636	0	The Killing of Angel Street	10	4.http://dictionaryofsydney.org/entry/green_bans_movement
2637	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	11	Shortly behind Dolly, another tropical wave spawned a tropical depression over the Lesser Antilles on September 15.
2638	0	Vjeran Simunić	8	He speaks a few foreign languages – Spanish, German, Italian and English particularly well.
2639	0	Chartres Brew	2	The higher one at is located just south of the Fraser Canyon town of Lillooet, and which is the second-highest in the Lillooet Ranges after Skihist Mountain.
2640	0	Mariano Rivera Paz	3	After sending several envoys, who Carrera would not receive -especially Barrundia who was not received because Carrera did not want to murder him in cold blood- Morazán began a strong scorched earth offensive, destroying villages in his path and stripping them of their few assets, thus forcing Carrera forces to hide in the mountains .
2641	0	George Nayeja	1	He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics.
2642	0	Tired Hands Brewing Company	6	2014 Winner - Top Beer - Pennsylvania - Tired Hands The Emptiness is Eternal
2643	0	Eisbären Berlin	5	"1997 e.V.""."
2644	0	Fort Anderson (North Carolina)	2	Lawrence Lee was the first to begin exploring and researching the land in 1951 where Brunswick Town and Fort Anderson once stood.
2645	0	Hans-Georg Neumann	6	Since the death of the serial killer Heinrich Pommerenke in 2008, Neumann has been the longest-serving prisoner in Germany with more than 56 years in prison.
2646	0	Nottingham West (UK Parliament constituency)	2	The constituency was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1950 general election.
2647	0	1 Corinthians 10	1	"In this chapter Paul writes about the Israelites' ""Exodus"" journey and the Eucharist, and returns to the subject of food offered to idols."
2648	0	The Dreamscapes Project	10	The band also peaked at #13 in folk rock and #53 in acoustic rock nationally on Myspace.
2649	0	Carl Zeiss AG	42	Zeiss claims that the 25mm ƒ/2.8 ZM achieves a resolution of 400 lp/mm in the center of the image at ƒ/4, which is equal to the calculated diffraction limit for this aperture.
2650	0	United States Post Office and Courthouse (New Bern, North Carolina)	7	The steeply pitched roof is covered in slate.
2651	0	Optical properties of carbon nanotubes	25	Similar to photoluminescence mapping, the energy of the excitation light can be scanned in Raman measurements, thus producing Raman maps.
2652	0	Antipope Constantine II	10	During a battle in the streets of Rome, Toto was killed, and his brother Passivus rushed to warn Constantine to flee.
2653	0	Labbaikudikadu	5	Most members of this community flourished in different public and private sectors in Persian Gulf countries, while a few others concentrated on business in their home town.
2654	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	24	The Lunch Pail Defense Foundation was founded to fund academic scholarships for students from the area near Blacksburg, Virginia.
2655	0	Ajiki Station	1	The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987.
2656	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	8	These groups then sold the coins to the public at a premium, thus raising money for causes that Congress had deemed worthy.
2657	0	Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song)	2	"Dionne Warwick recorded the song on her 1982 album ""Friends in Love""."
2658	0	We're Gonna Hold On	2	"As Bob Allen recounts in his book ""George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend"", ""Outside of a close circle of friends and business associates, few people realized the abject emotional squalor into which their marriage had sunk."
2659	0	MYMP	23	In the last quarter of 2018, MYMP management held a grand audition for a new female vocalist.
2660	0	Broughton Rangers	5	"Broughton Rangers lost 14–20 to New Zealand during the 1907–1908 New Zealand rugby tour of Australia and Great Britain on Saturday 19 October 1907, the match attracted a crowd of 24,000, New Zealand led early in the game and despite a Rangers comeback, New Zealand won.<ref name=""All Blacks Tour 1907/08""></ref>"
2661	0	Dartball	1	Dartball is a game in which darts are thrown at a large wooden or homasote board that resembles a baseball field with colored areas which denote bases.
2662	0	Sabretooth (film)	3	Catherine Viciy (Vanessa Angel), the scientist who created it, and her colleague Anthony Bricklin (John Rhys-Davies), call in Robert Thatcher (David Keith), a big game hunter and tracker, to find the animal, tricking him into believing it is an African lion, and will offer to pay him $50,000.
2663	0	Cornelis van der Geest	4	Paintings hanging in his art gallery followed by the numbers of the five gallery paintings above:
2664	0	Power of Three (novel)	3	"At a young age, Ayna and Ceri discover they have powerful magical talents called ""Gifts"" – Ayna has precognition, and Ceri can find anything when asked."
2665	0	Rangsdorf railway station	4	"The station, along with the Berlin-Dresden line of the Berlin-Dresden Railway Company (""Berlin-Dresdener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft"") was opened on 17 June 1875."
2666	0	Mundesley Volunteer Inshore Lifeboat	6	The new station is a steel-framed building which has block and brick curtain walling.
2667	0	Technological University of Tajikistan	8	Departments:
2668	0	Damita Jo (album)	41	Like Madonna, she's reinvented herself a lot and kept a connection with her audience.
2669	0	Riley Dobi Noel	13	"(He) died with his eyes open,"" Kissel said."
2670	0	Blek	7	"He compared its core mechanics to handwriting and doodling, noting that the recurring stroke also captures the player's ""speed and hesitancy""."
2671	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	39	In 1924 on the territory of Ukrainian SSR was formed the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
2672	0	Sagara, Karnataka	15	Sagara has an FM radio station airing FM Rainbow (100.1 MHz)
2673	0	The Lovely Linda	3	At 42 seconds, it is the shortest song in McCartney's solo catalogue.
2674	0	Philip H. Torrey	16	This was the last impulse to Torrey's superior, general Holland Smith, who pressed Commandant Holcomb to replace Torrey.
2675	0	Acanthostachys pitcairnioides	1	"Acanthostachys pitcairnioides is a species in the genus ""Acanthostachys""."
2676	0	Dravyasamgraha	1	"Vahuvali Charitra"" (a Jain work based on collection of traditions) notes that Nemicandra belonged to the monastic order of Desiya gana."
2677	0	Flutamide	11	This is related to its high effectiveness and minimal side effects.
2678	0	Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria	2	The founding Managing Director of the organisation was sacked by President Muhammadu Buhari because the presidency believed that sales of acquired banks lack transparency
2679	0	Conciliarity	1	Conciliarity is the adherence of various Christian communities to the authority of ecumenical councils and to synodal church governance.
2680	0	Berea, Nebraska	5	In 2009, the town's population was estimated to be 50.
2681	0	Pelham Bay Park station	6	East track, West track).
2682	0	Heartbeat (Nina Sky song)	2	It features the sisters prancing through fields during a party with multi-colored smoke and dancing with many people.
2683	0	Ralph Hutchinson	1	"Ralph Fielding ""Hutch"" Hutchinson (February 19, 1878 – March 30, 1935) was an American football, basketball, and baseball player."
2684	0	Gerard Wall	2	Born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1920, he was the son of Edmund Wall.
2685	0	Spasmo	9	Barbara admits to everything.
2686	0	Mick Moon	6	He lived at Calder Park, Mount Duneed from 1954 to 1978.
2687	0	Yuga (film)	6	The computer graphics and the brisk background score by Dheena are the highlights of the movie.
2688	0	NBA on TNT	20	However, if (as has occurred on an irregular basis depending on the team's performance) the Toronto Raptors are featured, a local broadcast is produced instead, as with all other Raptors games picked up for U.S. national broadcasts.
2689	0	Beit Alfa	18	Songwriter and composer Nachum Heiman, an Israel Prize laureate, moved to the kibbutz with his second wife, and their two daughters were born there, one of them singer Si Heiman.
2690	0	Secretary for Justice v Yau Yuk Lung Zigo	3	The appellate court subsequently upheld the magistrate’s rulings.
2691	0	Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands	1	"The Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands–PSOE ("""") is the regional branch in the Balearic Islands of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), main centre-left party in Spain since the 1970s."
2692	0	Operation Roast	6	40 (RM).
2693	0	Tower City Center	23	Since the Van Sweringens owned Cleveland Interurban Railroad which served the suburb of Shaker Heights, the interurban portion of the CUT was immediately occupied by the Shaker trains upon completion on July 20, 1930.
2694	0	Luo Tong	2	Before he left, his mother tearfully saw him off, but Luo Tong did not look back when he boarded the carriage.
2695	0	Tautomer	2	The chemical reaction interconverting the two is called tautomerization.
2696	0	El Alebrije (wrestler)	5	In their debut for CMLL on April 26, 2010 El Alebrije, Histeria and Psicosis defeated El Hijo del Fantasma, La Máscara and La Sombra.
2697	0	Flutamide	5	However, antiandrogen therapy alone is less effective than surgery.
2698	0	FastPictureViewer	21	Windows XP SP2 users may have to download and install the Windows Imaging Component (WIC) from the Microsoft website separately in order to run the program.
2699	0	Aston Martin AMR1	5	During the race itself, the cars were able to run in the mid-pack before AMR1/03 suffered electrical problems and was forced to retire during the first half of the race.
2700	0	Marcus Lush	5	"Television shows presented by Lush include ""Newsnight"", ""Off the Rails: A Love Story"", ""South"" and ""North""."
2701	0	Toxicoscordion fremontii	1	Toxicoscordion fremontii, known as the common star lily or Frémont's deathcamas (after John C. Frémont) or star zigadene, is an attractive wildflower found on grassy or woody slopes, or rocky outcrops, in many lower-lying regions of California, southwestern Oregon, and northern Baja California.
2702	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	10	"Not only passion, hatred and delusion were to be extinguished, but also all cankers (""asava"") or defilements (""khlesa"")."
2703	0	Waytayuq	1	It is situated in the Ayacucho Region, Lucanas Province, on the border of the districts of Carmen Salcedo and Chipao.
2704	0	Bickford's (restaurant)	11	By 1959, there were 28 Foster's Cafeterias & Bakeries in San Francisco and other locations in the San Francisco Bay Area, including Oakland, Berkeley and San Mateo.
2705	0	Barro Alto, Goiás	5	(Sepin There were 53,500 head of cattle (8,200 dairy cows) in 2006.
2706	0	Van Sickle Bi-State Park	3	While the California Department of Parks and Recreation was originally involved, the organization dropped out due to continued funding woes.
2707	0	Exarch	14	"The Russian Orthodox Church and its exarch Platon (Rozhdestvensky) kept their jurisdiction over non-Georgian parts of the Caucasian region, and for those territories ""Caucasian Exarchate"" of the Russian Orthodox Church was created in the summer of 1917, with metropolitan Platon as ""Exarch of Caucasus""."
2708	0	Lianjiang River	1	The river rises in Momianshi (磨面石) of Xingzi Town (星子镇) in Lianzhou county, and it runs generally northwest to southeast through Lianzhou, Yangshan and Yingde counties.
2709	0	Pelham Bay Park station	3	In 1981, the MTA listed the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.
2710	0	Helen Rollason	9	I'd far rather work than hang around the house – even though there are days when I can hardly get out of bed.
2711	0	Drawing Restraint 9	12	In the furnace room, the needle on a pressure gauge vibrates towards the end of the scale and the rivets on the machinery give.
2712	0	Bruce Kingsbury	7	Kingsbury's battalion made landfall at Adelaide and continued to Melbourne by rail.
2713	0	Carl Alexander Clerck	3	"This means that in case of doubt the spelling of a spider name as from Clerck's 1757 work has priority over that proposed by Linnaeus in 1758 (an example is ""Araneus"" instead of ""Aranea""), and that Clerck's spiders were the first animals in modern zoology to have obtained an available scientific name in the Linnean system."
2714	0	Rog (factory)	1	The building is historically best known as the factory where Rog bikes were manufactured between 1953 and 1991.
2715	0	Harry Whelehan	10	In Whelehan's case, this would have meant he could not work in any court, as the President of the High Court is ex officio a member of the Supreme Court.
2716	0	Strømmen IF	4	Ahead of the 2009 season, Petter Myhre was named co-coach together with Berntsen.
2717	0	Thomas Davey (governor)	8	Davey was of a weakly, amiable nature, but much progress was made during his administration, including the designation of Hobart as a free port.
2718	0	Roohi Bano	3	Roohi joined television when she was doing her Masters in Psychology from the Government College, Lahore.
2719	0	Charlie Brown's Christmas Tales	14	However, this left about eighteen extra minutes to be filled.
2720	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	41	The slow changes in agriculture can be explained by the low productivity in collective farms, and by bad weather-conditions, which the Soviet planning system could not effectively respond to.
2721	0	Eisbären Berlin	7	With that title, the Eisbären Berlin have won 6 DEL titles, making them the current DEL championship record holder.
2722	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	8	"Porter and his men were under standing orders not to engage the Confederate guns, though Porter had himself long desired a decisive victory since he assumed command of the ""New Era""."
2723	0	Damita Jo (album)	5	"The clean version is heavily censored, removing all explicit and sexual content; omitting two songs entirely (""Warmth"" and ""Moist"")."
2724	0	Dominican Civil War	12	At 16:30 hrs, representatives of the loyalists, the rebels and the U.S. military signed a ceasefire that was to take effect at 23:45 hrs.
2725	0	Fiend (film)	3	"Later release included on U.S. VHS as ""Deadly Neighbor"" and in West Germany as ""Angst der Verlorenen""."
2726	0	Love Never Faileth	10	"Teasdale also noted that ""Half the book is devoted to Augustine, and the briefest chapter is devoted to Mother Teresa's vision ... this is not a speculative work ..."
2727	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	3	Alongside paintings, mass-produced woodblock prints were a major form of the genre.
2728	0	Amir Fryszer Guttman	1	Amir Fryszer Guttman (April 25, 1976 – July 23, 2017) was an Israeli singer, musician, choreographer, actor, theater director and LGBT rights activist.
2729	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	14	In September Thompson and Aitchenson reached agreement to raise capital to expand their mining operation by way of a new company, the Kaitangata Coal Mining Company.
2730	0	Anton Chigurh	11	"In the film adaptation, she refuses to call the toss, saying ""The coin don't have no say."
2731	0	Yashin (band)	8	On 16–17 July 2011, the band then supported their childhood heroes Papa Roach on two shows in London's O Shepherds Bush Empire and Sheffield's O Academy, the US band's only two appearances in the UK for 2011.
2732	0	Secretary for Justice v Yau Yuk Lung Zigo	8	The Government argued that Section 118F(1) was a formalised, enacted specific common law offence to protect the public from behaviours outraging public decency.
2733	0	Île de la Cité	8	Twelve lots were sold, and forty-five irregularly sized houses were constructed behind a standardised façade.
2734	0	Tracy Putnam	6	In 1963 Putnam had a small role in the science-fiction movie ’The Slime People’.
2735	0	Carl Zeiss AG	53	These are 360° tilt/shift lenses (based on Zeiss medium format lens designs) for 35 mm format including full-frame digital.
2736	0	Wealdstone	3	The park is a major centre of the British skateboarding scene and draws visitors from all over the country.
2737	0	Pyrénées Animal Park	1	The path, in zigzag in the hills, gave the chance to admire common animals like the squirrel, marmot and otter, but also to approach foxes within a few meters, wolves, ibex, mouflons, isards or brown bears.
2738	0	Thomas Holyoake	2	487, 508); and became chaplain to his college.
2739	0	Drawing Restraint 9	12	They passionately kiss as the room begins to flood and the storm rages outside.
2740	0	Exarch	16	The Ukrainian Exarchate existed until 1990 when it was granted a higher degree of ecclesiastical autonomy within the Moscow Patriarchate.
2741	0	Steel service center	2	by cutting to a size or shape specified by the customer, before sale.
2742	0	Clinocottus analis	5	This fish has green blood plasma, the color caused by biliverdin tightly bound in protein complexes.
2743	0	Mystique (comics)	52	The process boosted her powers so that she can now morph her body into taking certain desired physical traits depending on her situation at the time.
2744	0	Empfangshalle	2	They perform their art projects in the open, especially in popular places.
2745	0	Christopher Ward (watchmaker)	6	The company was announced as the official timing partner of the Bluebird speed record team in 2012.
2746	0	SS Newfoundland	6	"The ""Newfoundland "" was sold to Job Brothers & Co. in 1915 and her name was changed to ""Samuel Blandford"" in 1916."
2747	0	Nottingham West (UK Parliament constituency)	5	The constituency was renamed Nottingham North West in 1950, but its boundaries remained unchanged.
2748	0	Balavadze	2	The Balavadze family name comes from these towns of Imereti: Terjola, Kontuati, Kutiri and Ganiri.
2749	0	Mama (Vladimir Arzumanyan song)	1	"Mama"" (, English: Mom) is a song recorded by Armenian preteen singer Vladimir Arzumanyan."
2750	0	James V. Forrestal Building	17	"For the CFA, the issue was not the span over 10th Street but rather whether the façade was in ""harmony with the character of Washington as the Nation's Capital."
2751	0	Wealdstone	5	According to the 2011 census, the largest ethnic group in Wealdstone ward is White British (25%), followed by 20% Indian and 13% Other Asian.
2752	0	Amy Bruckner	1	"Bruckner has also been featured in Hollywood films such as ""Nancy Drew"", in which she plays Bess Marvin and in ""Rebound"" in the role of ""Annie""."
2753	0	Acraea encoda	2	"The larvae feed on ""Commelina"" species."
2754	0	Keith Maguire	2	He again took just a single wicket, which came at an overall cost of 85.00, with Maguire taking best figures of 1/43.
2755	0	Carl Zeiss AG	5	The Hensoldt System Technology division (resulting from a merger of the military optics operations of Leica and Hensoldt) was continued by Zeiss under the Hensoldt name until 2006.
2756	0	XX (Mushroomhead album)	1	It was originally released through Eclipse Records, where Mushroomhead took classic tracks and remixed them.
2757	0	Dalmatic	7	At a Pontifical High Mass, a dalmatic (usually made of lighter material) is worn by the bishop under the chasuble.
2758	0	Scottish national identity	16	The Old Pretender died in 1760 and the Young Pretender, without legitimate issue, in 1788.
2759	0	Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr	6	"Rumours were soon spreading that Saint-Cyr was a ""bad bed fellow""."
2760	0	Hardinge Park	3	The park is one of the oldest parks in the city of Patna.
2761	0	James V. Forrestal Building	23	By this time, however, six of the seven CFA members who had reviewed the April 1963 proposal were gone—their appointments to the commission having expired.
2762	0	Winifred Fairfax Warder	4	The following year she began preparing for overseas duty, to work in war camps and hospitals.
2763	0	History of guerrilla warfare	3	There are not many examples of guerrilla in ancient Greek warfare, though the Aetolians did make use of it against Demosthenes and his heavy hoplite infantry during the Aetolian campaign.
2764	0	Tver	22	A considerable part of the government buildings of the city of Tver and the Tver Oblast lay along Sovietskaya Street: the Soviet area (Sovietskaya 44) is the residence of the Governor of the Oblast, and a former Regional Party Committee (Sovietskaya 33) is The Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast.
2765	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	1	"The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainian SSR or UkrSSR or UkSSR; , УРСР ; , УССР ; see ""Name"" section below), also known as Soviet Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from the Union's inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991."
2766	0	Two Hands (1999 film)	11	The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, with a 67% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
2767	0	Kane Webber	2	He attended the University of Colorado in the United States and turned professional in 2004.
2768	0	Capitulation of Tainan	4	Meanwhile, the Imperial Guards Division, then at Changhua, was ordered to continue to press forward towards Tainan.
2769	0	Damita Jo (album)	37	"Damita Jo"" was the first of Jackson's albums in the SoundScan era to miss reaching number one on the ""Billboard"" 200."
2770	0	Gander International Airport	13	On December 12, 1985, Gander was the site of the Arrow Air Flight 1285 disaster, in which a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 with 256 on board crashed during takeoff, probably due to atmospheric icing; there were no survivors.
2771	0	Hell on Wheels (season 4)	6	In May 2014, Jonathan Scarfe was cast as recurring character Sydney Snow, who introduced himself as Cullen Bohannon's old war friend.
2772	0	World Federation of Right to Die Societies	4	She was diagnosed with a terminal brain cancer and chose to end her life, but before doing so, she chose to speak out about her situation and her choice, thus opening up the debate about the right-to-die movement in America.
2773	0	Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez High School	4	Kyle Darren Jones was inaugurated as the ASB President on June 10th, 2019 at 6:54 pm at the Class of 2019 Graduation Ceremony.
2774	0	Henry Green	2	He studied at Magdalen College, Oxford and there began a friendship and literary rivalry with Evelyn Waugh of Hertford College.
2775	0	2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final	5	Portugal failed to come back in the final 2 minutes leaving Brazil to win 5-4.
2776	0	Juan de Santiago y León Garabito	2	He served as Bishop of Guadalajara until his death on July 12, 1694.
2777	0	Damita Jo (album)	9	"Jam added ""There's some house stuff, which there always is [on her albums]."
2778	0	Dui Hua Foundation	11	Dui Hua actively promotes reform in the area of women prisoners in China.
2779	0	James V. Forrestal Building	50	In 2004, DOE added jersey barriers along 10th Street and around the median running down the middle of L'Enfant Promenade (the esplanade), blocked off the taxicab stands, built temporary guard booths on the 10th Street median, and successfully petitioned the District of Columbia Department of Transportation to ban truck traffic along the northernmost portion of 10th Street.
2780	0	Mars Attacks!	3	was released theatrically by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on December 13, 1996 and received mixed reviews from critics.
2781	0	Jesse Wagstaff	16	With home court advantage in the series, the Wildcats defeated the Breakers 2–1 to claim their seventh NBL championship.
2782	0	History of the Green Party of England and Wales	3	"In 1991, attempts to streamline the Party Constitution were proposed by a group called ""Green 2000"", who wanted to ""modernise"" the Party and make it into an organised electoral force that could become the ruling party in the UK by the year 2000."
2783	0	Tower City Center	15	Ferguson Plaza under the ownership of Forest City Enterprises.
2784	0	Mahmoud Saremi	2	He was born in Chahar Bareh village near Borujerd in Lorestān Province.
2785	0	WFME (AM)	11	On August 13, 2014, Disney announced its intention to end terrestrial distribution of the Radio Disney format, in order to focus on digital distribution.
2786	0	Command &amp; Conquer: Tiberium Alliances	4	An alliance must have at least one Commander-in-Chief (CiC), and can also have any number of Second-in-Commands (SiCs), officers, veterans, members, inactives, and trial players, so long as the total is 50 players or fewer.
2787	0	Arion (comics)	14	Jaime Reyes, and the Blue Beetle scarab into undoing his sealing, stealing the scarab for himself to use its power to destroy the world.
2788	0	Rangsdorf railway station	5	Deutsche Reichsbahn planned the electrification of the Dresden Railway between Berlin Priesterweg and Wünsdorf by 1 October 1940.
2789	0	Bilibili	8	Meanwhile, anonymous visitors to bilibili.tv got redirected to a subdomain of Shanghai Media Group Broad Band subsidiary (bilibili.smgbb.cn).
2790	0	White Cloud Temple	8	The festival was first held during the Yuan dynasty, but was suspended after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949.
2791	0	Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1990)	11	On April 18, 2016, Jones was claimed off waivers by the Miami Dolphins.
2792	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	4	"He is initially a source of friction on the team, often questioning other characters’ actions, and in the episode ""Odd Man Out"" he attempts to conspire against Michael by turning his cellmate, Fernando Sucre, against him."
2793	0	Frederic René Coudert Sr.	5	From 1889 to 1899, he was president of the Manhattan Club, a social club of prominent members of the Democratic Party.
2794	0	Scottish national identity	7	It was in this period that the national flag emerged as a common symbol.
2795	0	UBC War Memorial Gymnasium	2	high school basketball championships, Billy Idol and is the current venue for the finals of all division of the TELUS Basketball Classic.
2796	0	Scottish national identity	28	It argued for the devolution of Scottish business to Edinburgh to make Westminster more efficient and it was taken for granted that the union was vital to the progress and improvement of Scotland.
2797	0	Karl Munro	7	In March 2013, Karl participates in a charity strip-tease at the Bistro.
2798	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	13	Though many hoped for recently departed Maryland coach Bobby Ross, athletic director Dutch Baughman turned to Hokie alumnus and defensive back from 1966 to 1968, Frank Beamer.
2799	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	10	In August 25 sections were sold in the township for an average of £14 per section.
2800	0	Exilisia flavicincta	1	It is found on Madagascar.
2801	0	Tver	11	In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Tver was included into Ingermanlandia Governorate (since 1710 known as Saint Petersburg Governorate).
2802	0	Joshua Jensen-Nagle	3	2010 - Griffin Museum of Photography, Boston, MA, USA
2803	0	Stella Benson	10	"Benson's last unfinished novel ""Mundos"" and her personal selection of her best poetry ""Poems"" were published posthumously in 1935."
2804	0	San Cristóbal de Entreviñas	1	According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1,645 inhabitants.
2805	0	Broe helmet	8	"Illustrations of a number of the finds, including a speculative reconstruction of the helmet, were published in volume II of Birger Nerman's book on the Vendel Period finds from Gotland, ""Die Vendelzeit Gotlands""—followed six years later by volume I, the textual companion."
2806	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	31	Some portion of each of the issues between 1933 and 1937 were reserved for sale by patriotic organizations.
2807	0	Stephen Jones (rugby union)	1	He played more than 100 times for Wales and six times for the British and Irish Lions.
2808	0	Heartbeat (Nina Sky song)	2	Its filming as started on May 26, 2012 when they put pictures of filming on Facebook.
2809	0	Systems Universalisation Specialist	3	When the Soviet Government collapsed in 1992, so did the title of Systems Universalisation Specialist.
2810	0	Sorgenfri station	1	It is located at Hummeltoftevej 51 and is named for the nearby Sorgenfri palace.
2811	0	Taichiro Morinaga	6	Later that year, he opened a candy shop in Tokyo (Minato City), the Morinaga Western Confectionery Shop (later Morinaga Confectionery), with Hanzaburo Matsuzaki, a business partner and fellow Christian.
2812	0	WFME (AM)	3	"The North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement of 1941 formally extended the AM band to 1600 kHz, ending the ""high-fidelity"" service but keeping all four original stations near their existing dial positions."
2813	0	Qu Shengqing	7	Adelaide United
2814	0	Jennifer Hof	7	She now has two children.
2815	0	Luo Tong	6	He also spoke up for Zhang Wen when Zhang Wen was implicated in a scandal involving Ji Yan (曁豔), but Sun Quan did not accept his advice.
2816	0	I Want to Draw a Cat For You	1	As of June 2019, drawings cost $9.95.
2817	0	Philip H. Torrey	4	Torrey remained in Cuba until the beginning of January 1909 and sailed back to the United States as first lieutenant (promoted in May 1908).
2818	0	Taichiro Morinaga	5	Having led an impoverished life in Japan, Morinaga had never tasted such a delicious treat.
2819	0	Butte, North Dakota	2	Butte is located at .
2820	0	Andreas Kofler	6	During the 2010/11 season, Kofler recorded three individual wins, including the first event of the season in Kuusamo, Finland.
2821	0	Šime Vrsaljko	6	In August 2011, he was sent off during the away match of 2011–12 UEFA Champions League play-off round against Malmö FF, as Dinamo managed to qualify for their first UEFA Champions League in 12 years.
2822	0	George Tarasovic	1	His father's family was from a village and municipality located in today's northern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
2823	0	HNLMS O 3	2	"The submarine was ordered on 18 March 1910 and 31 December that year the ""O 3"" was laid down in ""Flushing"" at the shipyard of ""De Schelde"" ."
2824	0	Little Dark Age	6	"The gatefold artwork includes the ""Paix Christi"" side of the drawing."
2825	0	Fame (1801 ship)	6	The EIC reported that it had had no cargo aboard her.
2826	0	FV Biberach	7	After spending some time in the Landesliga Württemberg 4 and the Bezirkliga, the club made a brief return to the Verbandsliga in 2008–09 but was immediately relegated again.
2827	0	Mars Attacks!	7	The Martian leader appears to be moved by the speech and seemingly agrees to a truce with Dale, but then uses a gadget disguised as a hand to kill him.
2828	0	Karl Munro	13	Panicking, Karl desperately tries to stop her seeing Dev but fails.
2829	0	1899 Oldham by-election	12	"On 3 July, the two Conservative candidates received a delegation on women's suffrage, to which Churchill declared himself opposed, as it would lessen the respect for women ""which all men very rightly have""."
2830	0	Zara Si Zindagi	4	Rakesh comes to know that the man is Kusum's father.
2831	0	Michael Davis (Irish politician)	1	He was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Cumann na nGaedheal Teachta Dála (TD) for the Mayo North constituency at the June 1927 general election.
2832	0	Pakistan at the 2018 Asian Games	2	Pakistan finished far below its neighbors China (289 medals), Iran (62 medals) and India (70 medals), Pakistan finished 3rd among South Asian countries after India and Nepal (1 silver).
2833	0	I Write Like	1	The site analyzes users' writing samples and, by looking for certain keywords, vocabulary, and style via a naive Bayes classifier returns the name of a popular writer the sample most closely resembles.
2834	0	George Minchin	9	In April 1895, Wilson and Minchin operated the 2-foot (60 cm) reflector, and FitzGerald the galvanometer below.
2835	0	Bermuda II Agreement	10	Paul, held dormant authorities to use Heathrow as their London terminal, grandfathered from use during the original Bermuda Agreement; but could only be operated non-stop by a British carrier.
2836	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	5	In New York, he crossed the Brooklyn Bridge.
2837	0	Oghab Tehran F.C.	4	2013 was the end of the line for Oghab as they were again relegated to the Local Leagues.
2838	0	USS Hollis (DE-794)	3	"Following shakedown in the Atlantic, ""Hollis"" made two escort voyages along the East Coast and then reported to Quonset Point, R.I., to assist in sonic research."
2839	0	Jack Acland	2	His brother-in-law was Sir John Ormond.
2840	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	1	As the 19th century came to a close, St Andrew Square evolved into the commercial centre of the city.
2841	0	Newarthill	6	The library on Kirkhall Road offers a modern range of books and other media despite the distinctly 1970s exterior.
2842	0	American Wedding	10	Badly Drawn Boy and The Libertines also have songs in the feature.
2843	0	Matrix exponential	21	There are counterexamples to show that the Golden–Thompson inequality cannot be extended to three matrices – and, in any event, is not guaranteed to be real for Hermitian , , .
2844	0	Foreign Policy Association	15	"The Foreign Policy Association also produces the ""Great Decisions"" series on public television."
2845	0	Solitude	13	Often, prisoners spend extensive time in solitude, where their behavior may worsen.
2846	0	Matrix exponential	30	If a matrix is diagonal:
2847	0	Entebbe (film)	6	The film premiered on 19 February 2018 at the 68th Berlin International Film Festival.
2848	0	Rory Mullarkey	2	Mullarkey was born in Pembroke, Ontario.
2849	0	African Malaria Network Trust	11	It oversees the general governance, regulation and control of AMANET.
2850	0	Zheng Zhu	12	Emperor Wenzong was incensed by the rumors, and as Zheng had long disliked the new mayor of Jingzhao, Yang Yuqing (楊虞卿), he and Li Xun accused Yang's family members of having started the rumors.
2851	0	Mike LeDonne	4	As a sideman he played in the Art Farmer–Clifford Jordan Quintet and toured Paris with Grady Tate (both 1988), performed with Charles McPherson (1992), James Moody (1992), Sonny Rollins (1995), and Benny Golson (late 1990s), and served as an accompanist to Ernestine Anderson and Annie Ross.
2852	0	Agusan River	4	The upper Agusan River basin is the section from its headwaters in the mountains of Compostela Valley province to Santa Josefa, Agusan del Sur to Veruela, Agusan del Sur, the middle Agusan River basin is the section of the river from Santa Josefa to Amparo, Agusan del Sur while the lower Agusan River basin is from Amparo to its mouth at Butuan City, Agusan del Norte.
2853	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	6	"Having sighted the Confederate vessels early in the morning of January 11, the ""Essex""s commander Porter beat to quarters at 10:00 that morning, and sailed under the cover of fog towards the enemy ships and engaged near Lucas Bend."
2854	0	History of guerrilla warfare	47	When Japanese forces invaded the island of Timor on 20 February 1942, they were resisted by a small, under-equipped force of Allied military personnel— known as Sparrow Force—predominantly from Australia, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands East Indies.
2855	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	10	In the series epilogue, C-Note is revealed to have become a UPS deliveryman, matching his specialty in prison: to get his fellow inmates any random material.
2856	0	El Alebrije (wrestler)	3	His first title as El Alebrije was the UWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship.
2857	0	Systems Universalisation Specialist	6	"While one could be a ""Systems Universalisation Specialist Technician"" in the way that one could be a Technician that ""specializes"" in ""systems universlisation"", in the Russian language it sounds improper."
2858	0	Gerald Walker (writer)	3	Walker also wrote an annual anthology titled Best Magazine Articles from 1965 to 1967.
2859	0	Expert	31	"In ""Wikipedia and the Emergence of Dialogic Expertise"", she highlights Wikipedia as an example of the ""dialogic expertise"" made possible by collaborative digital spaces."
2860	0	Heritage College &amp; Seminary	3	The school provided undergraduate and graduate theological education.
2861	0	Carlos V (chocolate bar)	3	"Nestlé refers to the candy in English as ""The 'king' of bars in Mexico""."
2862	0	Christian Prudhomme	2	He joined RTL (Radio-Télévision Luxembourg) in 1985 with the encouragement of his tutor, Michel Cellier, who was RTL correspondent in the Nord region.
2863	0	Winifred Fairfax Warder	3	She was active in the Cairo Women's Club, organized and led the Navy League of Cairo, and organized a Red Cross chapter for the city as well.
2864	0	Chris Capuano	5	He made 17 starts for the Brewers in 2004 and was 6–8 with a 4.99 ERA.
2865	0	Alexander Sipiagin	1	Archpriest Alexander Sipiagin (August 17, 1875January 16, 1941) was a politician, a priest of the Catholic Church and a member of Russian apostolate.
2866	0	Qasar	8	The sixth head, Babusha, was given the title of Qi Wang by Khayishan Külüg Khan in 1307.
2867	0	Folkestone Warren Halt railway station	3	The railway watchman was able to stop the 6.10pm Ashford to Dover service as it emerged from Martello Tunnel, hauled by D class, no.
2868	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Adamov -
2869	0	Damita Jo (album)	15	"The song features gentle acoustic guitars and shuffling percussion, and guest vocals from Kanye West, over ""breezy"" and ""laidback"" production."
2870	0	Dodo Chaplet	1	Dodo's personality was an unsophisticated, bright and happy one.
2871	0	Cameroon Cycling Federation	1	"The Cameroon Cycling Federation or FÉCA (in French: ""Fédération Camerounaise de Cyclisme"") is the national governing body of cycle racing in Cameroon."
2872	0	Ampato	10	The basement beneath Ampato is formed by sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Western Cordillera of Peru, and the rocks are of Mesozoic to Cenozoic age.
2873	0	Xou da Xuxa Sete	5	"Marquei um X"" merge its joyful rhythm with the mood of farewell, asking the public to remember Xuxa and his concert with great affection."
2874	0	Sural nerve	4	The small cutaneous branch arises as the common fibular nerve travels towards the fibular head.
2875	0	Richard Haynes (lawyer)	3	Well now, this is my defense: My dog doesn't bite.
2876	0	Punjab University	2	In India:
2877	0	Craig MacGillivray (footballer)	2	He rejoined Harrogate Railway Athletic on loan for a brief spell in 2012.
2878	0	NBA on TNT	8	TNT would air doubleheaders on most weekdays, while TBS would air one doubleheader per week (in 2002, TBS aired doubleheaders every Tuesday night of the playoffs until the Conference Finals).
2879	0	Gander International Airport	11	"This practice has been controversial, since strong headwinds over the Atlantic Ocean during the winter months can result in the flights being declared ""minimum fuel"", forcing a refuelling stop at Gander in order to safely complete their journey."
2880	0	6.5×47mm Lapua	12	"The 6.5×47mm Lapua has set a new record in October 2017 for bench rest in the UK with a five shot group measuring 1.058"" and on a blustery day at ."
2881	0	Vinton, Texas	7	In the village, the population was spread out with 43.0% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 12.7% from 45 to 64, and 3.0% who were 65 years of age or older.
2882	0	Antillean Adventist University	5	On Saturday, December 27, the college cancelled all their many activities off campus.
2883	0	Thomas C. Peebles	3	The vaccine for measles has led to the near-complete elimination of the disease in the United States and other developed countries.
2884	0	History of Thurgau	2	The county became the Canton of Thurgau within the Helvetic Republic in 1798, and with the Act of Mediation of 1803 a canton of the restored Confederacy.
2885	0	Circolo Scandinavo	8	The area was developed in the end of the 15th century on the slopes of the Tiber where Julius Caesar's vineyards were situated.
2886	0	MYMP	21	"They said in the statement that they are parting ways due to ""irreconcilable professional differences""."
2887	0	Rodrigo Palacio	15	On 29 September, he scored Inter's only goal in the 3–1 defeat against Sparta Praha.
2888	0	PUD No. 1 of Jefferson County v. Washington Department of Ecology	1	Tacoma City Light argued that the dam project would only need to adhere to minimum flow standards set by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), who license dams.
2889	0	Kernel marker	8	Two Kernel Markers drawbacks were identified which led to its replacement by Tracepoints:
2890	0	Berber calendar	14	"It consists of ten days straddling the months of ""furar"" and ""mars"" (the last five of the former and the first five of the latter), and it is characterised by strong winds."
2891	0	Bilibili	30	It is a cooperation between an online and offline brand that makes different marketing tools integrated to bring along a most effective marketing and advertising campaign.
2892	0	Stephen Jones (rugby union)	15	His 104th and final cap came in the third-place play-off match against Australia on 21 October 2011.
2893	0	Macha, Zambia	1	Macha is located in the Southern Province of Zambia, 70 km from the nearest town of Choma and 350 km by road from the capital city of Lusaka.
2894	0	Phiyada Jutharattanakul	3	They have a daughter named Nava.
2895	0	William Jennings Bryan House (Lincoln, Nebraska)	5	The upper two floors house the Wm.
2896	0	Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress	3	These districts were the larger towns and population centers of the state.
2897	0	Optical properties of carbon nanotubes	9	"These tubes have mirror symmetry, and can be viewed as stacks of simple closed paths (""zigzag"" and ""armchair"" paths, respectively)."
2898	0	Faithless servant	4	"In ""Astra USA v. Bildman"", 914 N.E.2d 36 (Mass."
2899	0	Kurów	1	The village has 2,817 inhabitants ().
2900	0	The Killing of Angel Street	3	As they probe further into the background of the development they unearth sinister connections between the development group and organised crime.
2901	0	One Gold Radio	3	Furthermore, One Gold Radio and Storm Radio made a complete split of Total Star operations, with the Cheltenham station becoming a standalone service and retaining the Total Star brand, and the One Gold Radio-operated services in Wiltshire adopting the brand name More FM.
2902	0	Helen Rollason	15	Lord Coe, who had known Rollason since her days in radio broadcasting, is the charity's patron.
2903	0	The Electric, Birmingham	27	So let us bring you
2904	0	Albatha	4	Albatha conducts business throughout the Middle East and North Africa, with a distribution network expanding to the subcontinent and Europe.
2905	0	Battle of Cane Hill	3	Blunt disrupted the Confederate plan by advancing south when he heard of Marmaduke's approach.
2906	0	Two Hands (1999 film)	5	The stolen auto's radio station bumper sticker is spotted by that station's competition team, who give chase attempting to award Jimmy a $10,000 prize.
2907	0	Glenn Leonard	3	As a child, he was raised between Washington and North Carolina.
2908	0	Adriana Lessa	5	By 2003, the actress was a member of Igreja Renascer em Cristo.
2909	0	Max Eschig	4	"By partnering with Emilio Pujol in his ""Bibliothèque de musique ancienne et moderne pour guitare"" (from 1927), he became a leading publisher of music for the classical guitar."
2910	0	Szabadbattyán	1	Szabadbattyán is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.
2911	0	Vanja Bulić	2	He wrote in almost every high profile Serbian journal, had shot over 2000 TV shows and wrote several bestselling books and movie scenarios.
2912	0	Taichiro Morinaga	2	[1][2]
2913	0	51st Vanier Cup	2	In 2015, according to the rotating schedule, the Canada West Hardy Trophy championship team visited the Atlantic conference's Loney Bowl championship team for the Uteck Bowl.
2914	0	Ventilation/perfusion ratio	12	Thus at the apex of the lung the resulting pressure can be insufficient for developing a flow (which can be sustained only by the negative pressure generated by venous flow towards the left atrium) or even for preventing the collapse of the vascular structures surrounding the alveoli, while the base of the lung shows an intense flow due to the higher pressure.
2915	0	The Electric, Birmingham	44	The building was restored to its original 1930s Art Deco look from photographs taken during that period.
2916	0	Transculturalism	3	"and especially in Mikhail Epstein's and Ellen Berry's book ""Transcultural Experiments: Russian and American Models of Creative Communication"" (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 1999, 340 pp."
2917	0	Clay Village, Kentucky	1	It was also known as Shytown.
2918	0	Climate of Africa	9	Snowfalls on Table Mountain took place on 20 September 2013; 30 Aug 2013; 5 August 2011; and on 15 June 2010.
2919	0	Sivananda Radha Saraswati	2	Sivananda Radha (formerly known as Sylvia Hellman) was born in Germany in 1911.
2920	0	Île de la Cité	4	Later Romans under Saint Genevieve escaped to the island when their city was attacked by Huns.
2921	0	Pamlico Capital	7	The firm invested both as the lead investor or an equity co-investor alongside other financial sponsors.
2922	0	Bacteriuria	7	Therefore, in research, usually a second specimen is analysed to confirm asymptomatic bacteriuria in women.
2923	0	Alexander Martin	7	In 1788, Martin sought election to the Hillsborough Constitutional Convention, where North Carolina would consider ratifying the Constitution.
2924	0	Macha, Zambia	2	There is an estimated population of 135,000 within an approximate 35 km radius around Macha.
2925	0	John Lang Currie	2	Within ten years the success of the Larra lustre wool made him both rich and famous.
2926	0	Foreign Policy Association	17	"Launched in 2007 as part of the ""Great Decision"" Program, the ""Foreign Policy Blogs"" network is a network of global affairs commentary ""blogs"" comprising nearly 50 blogs on a wide variety of global issues ranging from US foreign policy to global feature films/movies."
2927	0	Expert	14	However, there is increasing evidence that expertise does not work in this fashion.
2928	0	Mars Attacks!	6	General Decker tries to convince Dale to retaliate with nuclear warfare, but he refuses.
2929	0	The Devil in Amber	24	She is physically strong and very discreet.
2930	0	Crest of The Sri Lanka Army Command and Staff College	1	During this time the owl became the companion of the wise.
2931	0	Madhya Bharat S.C.	2	Academy.
2932	0	Dravyasamgraha	5	The second part deals with the seven tattvas (fundamental principles or verities): jīva (soul), ajīva (non soul), āsrava (karmic inflow), bandha (bondage of karmas), saṃvara (stoppage of karmas), nirjarā (shedding of karmas) and mokṣa (emancipation or liberation).
2933	0	Moon in Scorpio	4	Isabel tries to kill Linda and the two women fight each other.
2934	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	9	"Nir"" is a negative, while ""va"" is commonly taken to refer to ""to blow""."
2935	0	EWorkexperience	1	The online platform uses eLearning, eCollaboration, eMentoring, live digital projects that are accessible remotely to help candidates apply their learning, receive hands on training and gain practical work experience in Digital project management and business analysis.
2936	0	Tower City Center	7	A site on the Cuyahoga River side of the complex was proposed as a location for a new Cleveland convention center, but in January 2009 the Cuyahoga County Commissioners decided to redevelop the existing facility.
2937	0	CAAL Racing	7	CAAL would later took over the No.
2938	0	Dominican Civil War	7	On March 3, Estrella was proclaimed acting president, with Trujillo confirmed as head of the police and of the army.
2939	0	Paleontology in Texas	8	Segments left by ophiuroids are also common in rocks deposited in these marine environments.
2940	0	FastPictureViewer	10	Users of the registered commercial version have the option to use the new WCS 1.0 color engine available on Windows Vista and later operating systems, instead of the default engine.
2941	0	Blankenese High Lighthouse	3	The Blankenese High Lighthouse is 40-meters tall, white-and-red-striped concrete tower with a red steel lantern house was constructed in 1983.
2942	0	Pursha	7	There are primary health centres at: Bharatpur (with 6 beds) and Lowa, PO Dwarmari (with 10 beds).
2943	0	Sangdil	2	Shankar (Dilip Kumar) and Kamla (Madhubala) are childhood sweethearts who are unfortunately separated at a young age.
2944	0	Shaun Irwin	4	Irwin won caps for Great Britain while at Castleford in 1990 against France, Papua New Guinea, and New Zealand, and in 1990 in the 1989–1992 Rugby League World Cup against New Zealand.
2945	0	Demofoonte (Mysliveček) (1775)	4	Dircea has been caught while trying to flee the country and imprisoned, and Demofoonte orders the immediate sacrifice of Dircea.
2946	0	Redditch Central Mosque	6	Money was raised by the mosque trustees to purchase a new sight on Jinnah Road, Redditch in 2003.
2947	0	Damita Jo (album)	29	Angus Batey of Yahoo!
2948	0	Mars Attacks!	28	Mars Attacks!
2949	0	Jack Acland	2	His parents were Sir Hugh Acland (1874–1956), a prominent surgeon in New Zealand, and Evelyn Mary Acland (née Ovans).
2950	0	Cecil Madigan	3	"Throughout the 1930s, Madigan participated in numerous aerial surveys of the ""trackless areas"" of Central Australia, during which time he named the Simpson Desert after the president of the South Australian branch of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia -- Alfred Allen Simpson."
2951	0	2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase	1	In enzymology, a 2-hydroxy-3-oxoadipate synthase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
2952	0	Tapestry (DHT)	4	Each node is assigned a unique nodeID uniformly distributed in a large identifier space.
2953	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	9	"On 30 November 2005, Mihaylova established the ""Right Alternative"" (Bulgarian: Дясна алтернатива) faction within the party."
2954	0	Wisconsin Senate, District 1	12	This district was stable for fifty years.
2955	0	Yon Tumarkin	2	In 2011, Yon Tumarkin finished his work at the army.
2956	0	Joan Benesh	6	"She published a history, ""Reading Dance: The Birth of Choreology"", in 1977 and was recognised with the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award of the Royal Academy of Dance in 1986."
2957	0	Operation Roast	8	9 Commando captured 232.
2958	0	Dorothy V. M. Bishop	16	"As ""Deevy Bishop"", Bishop has written several humorous crime novels for the Amazon Kindle."
2959	0	Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster	4	At Ellesmere, Grosvenor served as a School Prefect, Captain of Meynell House and Captain of the First XI Football Team in his final year.
2960	0	Meyer Bosman	2	During his first season, he scored the winning try in the dying moments of the Currie Cup final against the in Pretoria to earn his side a 29–25 victory.
2961	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	17	The difference between the face value and the sale price was to pay the cost for historical markers along the Trail, and to renovate the Whitman Mission in Washington state.
2962	0	The President's Daughter series	1	The series tells the story of Meghan “Meg” Powers as she reacts to her mother's presidential campaign and her experiences while living in the White House.
2963	0	Andrew Schally	5	Together with Roger Guillemin he described the neurohormone GnRH that controls FSH and LH.
2964	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	31	At the conclusion of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR All-Star Race, Clint Bowyer chopped Newman's nose which sent Bowyer into the wall during the cool-down lap.
2965	0	The Jungle Book (soundtrack)	4	"During production Disney decided the 60's style rock would cause the song to be considered dated later, leading ""We're Your Friends"" to be changed to the barbershop quartet that appears in the film."
2966	0	Montague Egg	7	He also uses the commercial clichés of the time.
2967	0	Ladian, SBS Nagar	3	The town does not have any Schedule Tribe population so far.
2968	0	Edward Fellowes (parliamentary official)	3	On 2 June 1917, he was promoted to temporary captain.
2969	0	Möbius ladder	4	"When ""n"" ≡ 0 (mod 4), it is not bipartite."
2970	0	Calliphora vicina	11	This involves recording environment temperatures at the crime scene as well as retrieving a history of the climate in the region.
2971	0	Rootless Cosmopolitans	1	Rootless Cosmopolitans is the debut solo album by American guitarist Marc Ribot, released on Island Records in 1990.
2972	0	Richmond Road Runners Club	1	"The club sponsors a Grand Prix series of races which are chip-timed club races and also assists with the management and finish lines of other races which are considered ""contract races,"" such as the Richmond Marathon and Monument Avenue 10K."
2973	0	Louie Anderson	11	"In 1995, Anderson created and produced a Saturday-morning animated series for Fox called ""Life with Louie""."
2974	0	George Yarno	8	Yarno died in Spokane at age 58 on August 8, 2016.
2975	0	Gerald Butts	10	"On December 13, 2012, Butts was interviewed by Steve Paikin for ""The Agenda"" on the topic of ""The Best Way to Clean Up the Environment""."
2976	0	Edith Leyrer	1	Edith Leyrer (born 1946) is an Austrian actress.
2977	0	Nobody Home	9	I got a pair of Gohill's boots
2978	0	Dodo Chaplet	7	In her travels with the Doctor, Dodo travels to the far future, unfortunately bringing the common cold with her to infect humanity's descendants; faces the mad games of the Celestial Toymaker; witnesses the gunfight at the O.K.
2979	0	Fung Ying Ki	1	Four years later at the Athens Paralympics, he won two golds in individual foil and team sabre and a silver in team foil.
2980	0	Mason Patrick	1	Mason Mathews Patrick (December 13, 1863 – January 29, 1942) was a general officer in the United States Army who led the United States Army Air Service during and after World War I and became the first Chief of the Army Air Corps when it was created on July 2, 1926.
2981	0	2012 Boeing 727 crash experiment	11	The test dummies near the tail section were largely intact; so any passengers there would have likely walked away without serious injury.
2982	0	Interlopers	2	"Interlopers ""has also been produced as an audio book, released on CD in November 2004 by Buzzy Multimedia, in an unabridged edition narrated by Ben Browder."
2983	0	Phuphkalan	2	In Phuphkalan, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
2984	0	American Skaters Guild	1	The group discussed the formulations of methods of ascertaining the competency of figure skating instructors by giving them tests directly associated with their actual teaching ability.
2985	0	PUD No. 1 of Jefferson County v. Washington Department of Ecology	5	Tacoma and Jefferson appealed the in-stream flows requirement to the Washington Pollution Control Hearings Board (PCHB), who initially ruled in 1987 that the Department of Ecology had acted within its authority in placing the requirements in order to preserve the fisheries of the Dosewallips River.
2986	0	Operation Roast	11	The 2nd Commando Brigade had succeeded in taking and clearing the entire spit, securing the eastern flank of Eighth Army.
2987	0	Old Botanical Garden of Göttingen University	2	"The garden was established in 1736 by Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777) as a ""hortus medicus"", and gradually extended via adjacent plots within and without the city wall."
2988	0	Mellis	1	Mellis is a small village in Suffolk, England.
2989	0	Journey of Jesus: The Calling	2	"In ""Journey of Jesus"", the player takes the role of Jesus Christ, performing miracles such as healing the sick and walking on water."
2990	0	Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities	1	The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study is a multi-site, prospective, biracial cohort study funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
2991	0	Scottish national identity	24	The result was a schism from the church by some of the non-intrusionists led by Dr Thomas Chalmers known as the Great Disruption of 1843.
2992	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	7	He was credited with gaining 1,761 yards in eight games.
2993	0	Showcase (Buddy Holly album)	4	Side B
2994	0	Beckoning sign	1	A Beckoning sign is a type of gesture intended to beckon or call-over someone or something.
2995	0	Soltan Meydan	1	At the 2006 census, its population was 865, in 223 families.
2996	0	Liberation Tower (Kuwait)	4	This tower was built by Saleh AlAbdali
2997	0	Emanuel Bardou	3	Among his best known works are busts of Immanuel Kant (1798) and Daniel Chodowiecki.
2998	0	Federal Correctional Complex, Coleman	2	Most prisoners are sentenced for drug-related crimes, and most of the inmates had not been convicted of violent acts.
2999	0	Rodrigo Palacio	14	On 8 January 2016, he extended his contract with Inter for a further season, keeping him at the club until June 2017.
3000	0	Qasar	10	It is widely accepted that Hasar's descendant Bolunai was a historical figure since his existence is confirmed in contemporary Chinese sources of 1463, 1467, and 1470.
3001	0	S v Francis	6	(a) you may not travel on a train without a ticket;
3002	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	38	In the second half Dumbarton came more into it and Nisbet scored again for a 3-1 win.
3003	0	Yon Tumarkin	3	From 2009 until 2012, Tumarkin was awarded four times in a row with Israeli Television Academy Award as the best actor.
3004	0	Glenn Leonard	7	Leonard also tours extensively with Glenn Leonard Presents Hitsville Live, which is a full Motown Revue featuring both male and female lead singers.
3005	0	History of guerrilla warfare	5	"He harassed the vast Ottoman army with small ""hit and run"" units, as well as using feint retreats followed by sudden counterattacks, and other tactics unknown in warfare up to then."
3006	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	13	In May 2012, she founded, together with the Austrian MEP Paul Rübig and the Danish MEP Bendt Bendtsen, a new organization called SME Europe.
3007	0	United States Post Office and Courthouse (New Bern, North Carolina)	7	A central colonnade with six pairs of two-story limestone columns dominates the symmetrical facade.
3008	0	Checkmate (2010 film)	3	The drugs would go through customs smoothly with Kwame involved and to make sure of this, Kiki employs the affair tactic to corner him.
3009	0	USS Bache (DD-470)	3	She served in the Aleutian area until December 1943, taking part in the bombardment of Kiska.
3010	0	Pike (programming language)	13	"The following code will cause a compile error because the value of the variable ""number"" must be an integer but the code is attempting to assign floating point and string values to it."
3011	0	Antipope Constantine II	1	was an antipope for over a year, from 28 June 767 to 6 August 768.
3012	0	Culture of Argentina	38	Argentines have the highest consumption of red meat in the world.
3013	0	Transculturalism	6	Based on Jeff Lewis’ From Culturalism to Transculturalism, transculturalism is charactized by the following:
3014	0	Geoffrey Nyarota	5	"When ""The Rhodesia Herald"" newspaper announced that it was recruiting a small number of black trainees in 1978, Nyarota applied and was hired."
3015	0	Rog (factory)	12	Moreover, temporary users understood that action as a nullification of prior temporary use agreements, making occupation a traditional squat and them users of the space.
3016	0	Agusan River	3	Aside from that, the marsh harbors unique and pristine habitats like the sago and peat swamps forest and is a home to endangered and endemic flora and fauna.
3017	0	Noel Peter Fox	3	Fox continued to serve in that capacity until his death on June 3, 1987, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
3018	0	Matrix exponential	28	For a closed form, see derivative of the exponential map.
3019	0	Jaladi Raja Rao	2	He was the fourth son of Amrutamma and the late Jaladi Emmanuel, a member of the Krishna District Board and Indian freedom fighter.
3020	0	Scarborough Shoal	29	, the military-maintained lighthouse is non-operational.
3021	0	Alpine climate	7	b) the alvar climate, the coldest mountain climate since the biotemperature is between 0°C and 1.5°C (biotemperature can never be below 0°C).
3022	0	Paleontology in Texas	6	A variety of local amphibians and reptiles lived nearby.
3023	0	The Missing Gospels	2	The book contains a foreword by Edwin M. Yamauchi.
3024	0	Mystique (comics)	67	The other thieves are Avalanche and Pyro.
3025	0	Jorge Garcés	1	His last team was Ñublense in the Chilean First Division.
3026	0	Harper, Oregon	1	Harper is an unincorporated community in Malheur County, Oregon, United States.
3027	0	History of guerrilla warfare	37	Whereas the British executed 14 IRA men in 1919–1922, the Free State executed 77 anti-treaty prisoners officially and its troops killed another 150 prisoners or so in the field (see Executions during the Irish Civil War).
3028	0	Scottish national identity	11	This period also saw a growth of a patriotic literature facilitated by the rise of popular printing.
3029	0	Phuphkalan	2	Phuphkalan has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 70%, and female literacy is 50%.
3030	0	Moon in Scorpio	2	Prior to the yacht leaving the harbor, a marina employee is stabbed to death by a mysterious figure in black pajamas.
3031	0	USS Menges (DE-320)	6	"Menges"" arrived back in New York on 21 June for duty as a training ship for the United States Coast Guard Academy, with two cadet cruises to the West Indies before arriving New London, Connecticut on 7 September."
3032	0	Anarkali (2015 film)	2	Since the girl (Nadira) whom he loved was underage (15 years), which he was not aware of, both of them agree to wait to show their love is true, to the Nawabi father (Jaffefr), who is also Shanthanu's Commanding Officer and Flag Officer.
3033	0	Srubec	2	The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 1,555 (as at 30 September 2008).
3034	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	3	The small island of Inch Clutha lies immediately to the southwest of the town.
3035	0	Carlos Guillermo Smith	30	In February 2018, after learning that health insurance provided to employees by Florida-based supermarket Publix didn't cover PrEP HIV prevention medication, Smith met with Publix officials to express his concerns.
3036	0	MOJOFLY	8	"DeLara remained active from 2008-2011 and produced 2 studio albums (self-titled ""DeLara"", 2008 and ""Just Free"", 2010)."
3037	0	Eisbären Berlin	11	The sequence is completed by the children's rhyme „Ene mene miste“ from the popular children's TV programme Rappelkiste.
3038	0	Tver	15	On 29 January 1935 Kalinin Oblast was established, and Kalininsky District was transferred to Kalinin Oblast.
3039	0	2016 Monterrey Open	1	It took place at the Club Sonoma in Monterrey, Mexico, from 29 February to 6 March 2016.
3040	0	Dartball	8	Each dart thrown is the same as a pitch in baseball.
3041	0	Broughton Rangers	3	Broughton Rangers was one of 21 clubs which met at the George Hotel, Huddersfield on 29 August 1895 and formed the Northern Rugby Football Union.
3042	0	Bowmans Rail	4	The new terminal is on the former Leigh Creek railway line and is expected to handle 2000 containers per year.
3043	0	Bruce Kingsbury	12	Authors and military analysts have speculated that had Kingsbury not attacked, the Japanese might have destroyed the battalion.
3044	0	Elmer's Pet Rabbit	2	Throughout the short, Bugs irritates Elmer in various ways—from dancing to attempts getting in the shower, etc.—which culminates when Elmer brutally attacks Bugs (in a dark room with humorous fireworks exploding) and sends him out of the house.
3045	0	USS Menges (DE-320)	4	"The ""new"" ship came out of drydock at the Brooklyn Navy Yard for shakedown from 26 September to 20 October in Casco Bay, Maine."
3046	0	Tyrus Thomas	14	Following the expiration of his contract on February 1, he was not offered a second 10-day contract by the Grizzlies and subsequently returned to Iowa two days later.
3047	0	Quercus kerrii	3	"This species and ""Quercus helferiana"" are closely related: the relationship between them and their distribution needs further work and it is possible that ""Q. kerrii"" does not occur in China."
3048	0	Tver	16	In 1940, the NKVD executed more than 6,200 Polish policemen and prisoners of war from Ostashkov camp.
3049	0	Eddie Condon	6	"A further session on February 8, 1929 yielded a record issued under the name ""Eddie Hot Shots"" and issued on Victor's hot dance series."
3050	0	Expert	20	"The third principle, the ""speed up principle"" states that long term memory encoding and retrieval operations speed up with practice, so that their speed and accuracy approach the speed and accuracy of short term memory storage and retrieval."
3051	0	Ain't Easy	1	The song was written by Ryan Tedder, Zack Skelton, and Camila Cabello, with a new arrangement composed by Woods and Fine, while Tedder produced the track.
3052	0	Michael Layard	1	Admiral Sir Michael Henry Gordon Layard, (born 3 January 1936) is a retired senior Royal Navy officer who served as Second Sea Lord from 1992 to 1995.
3053	0	Never Gonna Let You Go (Sérgio Mendes song)	3	"On the ""Radio & Records"" airplay chart the song debuted #26 on the May 13, 1983 issue; after six weeks it reached and peaked at #7 for one week; the single stayed on the top 10 for three weeks and remained on the chart for twelve weeks.."
3054	0	Paul Martelletti	1	In 2014 Martelletti won the Chelmsford Park Marathon and the Windsor Half Marathon.
3055	0	Paleontology in Texas	9	They observed the tracks of six birds, two invertebrates, nineteen mammals, and two turtles.
3056	0	Abrahão de Moraes	4	The crater De Moraes on the Moon is named after him.
3057	0	Sagara, Karnataka	1	Located in the Western Ghats range, it is known for its proximity to Jog Falls and to the historical places of Ikkeri, Keladi and Varadamoola.
3058	0	Vera, Mato Grosso	1	Vera is a municipality in the state of Mato Grosso in the Central-West Region of Brazil.
3059	0	The Electric, Birmingham	37	It’s ofttimes a pleasure
3060	0	Ichthyoconodon	7	"Because the teeth of ""Ichthyoconodon"" are rather sharp and convergent in some details to the teeth of piscivorous mammals like otters and seals, some researchers have suggested that it may have fed on fish."
3061	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	27	The only change to the team was Hill replacing Gordon at centre forward.
3062	0	Veritiv	1	Mechanicsburg in Pennsylvania is their largest and most profitable warehouse although employing only about 55 workers.
3063	0	Sølvgade	8	It was designed by Peter Heinrich Christoph Hagemann.
3064	0	Broughton Rangers	9	In 1941–42 the club dropped out of the wartime Lancashire League and did not return to league competition until 1945–46.
3065	0	Fifth North Carolina Provincial Congress	3	Washington District, in the western end of the state and later became a county, elected four delegates to the congress.
3066	0	1986–87 Port Vale F.C. season	2	The season would see its midweek games played on a Tuesday, rather than the traditional Monday, and the play-offs were also introduced.
3067	0	Winifred Fairfax Warder	2	She was known in Washington society for her skill at painting china, and for her expertise in rose cultivation.
3068	0	Government Medical College, Kollam	2	Parippally ESIC Medical College is a 500 bedded medical college with a total built-up area of 12,029 sqmtr.
3069	0	Mister Maker Around the World	1	"Mister Maker Around the World is a spin-off of the children's television ""Mister Maker"" commissioned by Michael Carrington at the BBC for CBeebies."
3070	0	Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr	9	The Russians, under Barclay de Tolly, were burning everything as they retreated back towards Moscow, and had just burned nearby Smolensk.
3071	0	Philips Park, Prestwich	23	A year later Philips Park was de-listed from the English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England due to deterioration.
3072	0	Helen Rollason	14	Others to receive the award include student Joanna Gardiner in 2007 for her work with Football for Peace, a charity that provides football coaching to children from Jewish and Palestinian communities in Israel, Claire Lomas in 2012 who, having been paralysed following a riding accident completed that year's London Marathon with the aid of a robotic suit, and Mel Woodards in 2014, chair of the Somerset-based Milton Nomads junior football club who established a local football league for children.
3073	0	Matrix exponential	69	Its Jordan form is
3074	0	Mystique (comics)	55	She has a talent for finding, stealing, and understanding cutting edge weaponry.
3075	0	Tower City Center	5	After the completion of the nearby Gateway project in 1994, RTA built an indoor walkway connecting Tower City to the complex.
3076	0	North-American Interfraternity Conference	18	The Undergraduate Interfraternity Institute (UIFI) is a five-day co-educational program that brings fraternity and sorority leaders together and teaches leadership skills, creates awareness of important issues, and calls on each graduate of the program to lead a change initiative within his/her fraternity/sorority community.
3077	0	Damita Jo (album)	34	"The result is that despite some initial backing for ""Just a Little While,"" radio and TV support for her music has withered, as the conglomerates worry about angering the FCC and Congress"" in fear of receiving fines for supporting Jackson."
3078	0	Michal Důras	1	Michal Důras (born November 22, 1981) is a Czech professional ice hockey forward who currently plays for Étoile Noire de Strasbourg in the Ligue Magnus.
3079	0	Soyo	7	This was primarily because the royal armies could not attack the fortified wooded area of Soyo called Nfinda Ngula near the capital.
3080	0	Mangelia paciniana	2	The length of the shell attains 6 mm, its diameter 2.75 mm.
3081	0	Geiselbach	9	The Seligenstadt Monastery held the lordship over Geiselbach until Secularization in 1802.
3082	0	Roman Catholic Diocese of Hvar-Brač-Vis	2	The diocese was established in 1147 after the Venetian conquest of the island.
3083	0	Ice hockey at the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics	1	The difference between the Youth Olympic program for ice hockey and the Winter Olympics was the addition of a skill challenge for each gender.
3084	0	Eleutheropolis	1	"Eleutheropolis (Greek, Ελευθερόπολις, ""Free City"") was a Roman and Byzantine city in Syria Palaestina, some 53 km southwest of Jerusalem."
3085	0	MYMP	11	"Beyond Acoustic"" and ""Versions"", both 12-track albums, were declared certified Gold after less than a month."
3086	0	History of guerrilla warfare	39	Attacking the Hejaz Railway to disrupt Ottman forces is a strategy often credited to the British officer T.E.
3087	0	Šime Vrsaljko	4	He rejoined Dinamo Zagreb's squad on 22 December 2009 before the winter break and appeared in his first match for Dinamo Zagreb on 27 February 2010 against Croatia Sesvete in the Prva HNL.
3088	0	Cebgo	13	As of July 2019, Cebgo operates the following aircraft:
3089	0	Curious (fragrance)	12	This is a Collector's Edition bottle which is limited throughout the United States and is mostly available through Elizabeth Arden's official website.
3090	0	Anton Chigurh	5	"The Coens responded ""That's why we called you""."
3091	0	2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Second Round	9	To determine the four best fourth-placed teams, the following criteria were used:
3092	0	On the Equality of the Sexes	3	"She scornfully points out that women have channeled this creativity into fashion, slander, and gossip to incredibly skilled ends, but stresses that she is not pointing this out in order to ""furnish these facts as instances of excellency in our sex"" but to be used as ""proofs of a creative faculty, of a lively imagination""."
3093	0	Princess Louisa Inlet	1	James Bruce Falls and Chatterbox Falls are on Loquilts Creek, a large stream that enters the head of the inlet.
3094	0	Scarborough Shoal	9	Accordingly, the PCA tribunal decision is ruled as final and non-appealable by either countries.
3095	0	Paleontology in Texas	7	"During the Early Cretaceous Texas was home to the pliosaurid ""Brachauchenius""."
3096	0	The List (company)	5	Since then, the holding company name has changed to List Partners, Inc. and now offers a suite of business development products and services, enabling sales teams to become more efficient by spending less time looking for new business opportunities and more time building relationships with top prospects instead.
3097	0	Political Order and Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Present Day	4	Fukuyama perceives this decay as manifesting in a declining quality of bureaucracy, dysfunctional political divides and political outcomes being captured by special interests rather than being directed towards the broader public good.
3098	0	North-American Interfraternity Conference	15	Moreover, they believe that support from the university community is essential to the success on the NIC's public relations initiatives.
3099	0	Gurupa várzea	10	"Endangered mammals include the white-cheeked spider monkey (Ateles marginatus), white-nosed saki (""Chiropotes albinasus"") and giant otter (""Pteronura brasiliensis"")."
3100	0	Sagara, Karnataka	4	Betel nut is the major cash crop grown in the area.
3101	0	Rodrigo Palacio	26	Score column indicates score after each Palacio goal.
3102	0	Mystique (comics)	61	In the Earth-797 reality, Mystique is apparently a man and goes by the name of Raphael-Raven Darkholme (and his alias is Mystiq).
3103	0	Scottish national identity	30	Fear that the war would lead to disastrous conditions for industrial areas, with increased unemployment, abated as the German offensive on the Western Front came to a halt.
3104	0	Eastern Air Lines Flight 512	13	On October 10, 1963, the CAB released its final accident report.
3105	0	Mystique (comics)	60	"Mystique inquires of Cable ""How does [history] judge the part we play here and now in protecting the remnants of mutant-kind?"
3106	0	HNLMS O 3	1	O 3 was a patrol submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy.
3107	0	Ventilation/perfusion ratio	6	This matching may be assessed in the lung as a whole, or in individual or in sub-groups of gas-exchanging units in the lung.
3108	0	Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries	1	The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries may refer to:
3109	0	Carlos V (chocolate bar)	4	"It was owned by the Mexican chocolate company ""La Azteca"" (The Aztec) from the 1970's until the '90s, when the company was bought by Nestlé."
3110	0	Mamu Kanjan	4	List of educational institutions in Mamunkanjan
3111	0	Love Never Faileth	10	This is a very practical book by a very practical spiritual teacher.
3112	0	Frederic René Coudert Sr.	4	He consented in 1876 to visit Louisiana for the purpose of urging the Returning Board to act justly, respecting election returns which were to determine the presidential succession.
3113	0	Charles Follis	4	At the end of the 1901 season, Wooster played the Shelby Blues in a two-game series.
3114	0	Compatible Discrete 4	7	"This stylus is usually marketed as a ""Shibata"", ""Line Contact"" or ""Micro Ridge"" type."
3115	0	The Voice Česko Slovensko	2	Not only competitors but also coaches compete because the coach just wants to be what Voice shows.
3116	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	4	"C-Note plays a bigger role in the next episode ""Sleight of Hand."
3117	0	Phiyada Jutharattanakul	3	Aom engaged to her boyfriend Art Sara Jutharattanakul on July 4, 2009.
3118	0	Alaska Bar Association	5	These public members also serve staggered three year terms.
3119	0	Technological University of Tajikistan	6	Specialties:
3120	0	Jazz Bakery	4	In January 2012, Culver City, California transferred a parcel at 9814 Washington Blvd.
3121	0	Scarborough Shoal	2	The shoal's status is often discussed in conjunction with other territorial disputes in the South China Sea such as those involving the Spratly Islands, and the 2012 Scarborough Shoal standoff.
3122	0	The Voice Česko Slovensko	2	In the competition, the coaches choose their competitors only according to their voice, who then compete against each other.
3123	0	La Crosse Rail Bridge	7	The bridge is located over the west channel of the Mississippi River near Shore Acres and links to Minnesota Island.
3124	0	Max Laudadio	3	"In 2011 he participates in the program ""Baila!"
3125	0	Pink Music Festival 2014	4	Viewers could vote by SMS from the start of the show, and the 16 qualifiers to the final were decided entirely by the public vote.
3126	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	26	When Stalin died on 5 March 1953 the collective leadership of Khrushchev, Georgy Malenkov, Vyacheslav Molotov and Lavrentiy Beria took power and a period of de-Stalinisation began.
3127	0	Dominican Civil War	12	On April 28, armed civilians attacked the Villa Consuelo police station, executing all the police officers who survived the initial skirmish.
3128	0	Connetta	2	"Connetta"" was first album from the ""Join"" project of Suzuki, which consisted of collaborations with different artists and different musical genres."
3129	0	Helen Rollason	7	"During the mid-1980s, she also joined the presenting team of the BBC children's news programme, ""Newsround"", with a view to increasing its sports coverage, and presented several features on topics such as gymnastics and female jockeys, as well as presenting ""Newsround Extra"", a show that covered a specific issue in more detail."
3130	0	Elise Ransonnet-Villez	1	Elise Ransonnet-Villez or Elisa Nemes-Ransonnet (1843–1899) was an Austrian painter.
3131	0	Mahmoud Saremi	1	Mahmoud Saremi (c. 1968 – 8 August 1998) was an Iranian reporter, working for IRNA, as the news agency's head of office in Mazari Sharif.
3132	0	Beit Alfa	13	The Beit Alfa Synagogue National Park established at the site contains an ancient Byzantine-era synagogue, with a mosaic floor depicting the lunar Hebrew months as they correspond to the signs of the zodiac.
3133	0	The Electric, Birmingham	30	Youth, Women, and Men,
3134	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	5	In the same episode, it is revealed that the character has a wife and daughter on the outside, whom he has tricked into thinking that he is serving in the military overseas.
3135	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	12	The OTMA tried to reach agreement with Gutzon Borglum, designer of the Stone Mountain piece, but he wanted too much money and time.
3136	0	Kit Pedler	4	"Pedler wrote three scripts for ""Doctor Who"": ""The Tenth Planet"" (with Gerry Davis), ""The Moonbase"" and ""The Tomb of the Cybermen"" (also with Gerry Davis)."
3137	0	Expert	2	In law, an expert witness must be recognized by argument and authority.
3138	0	Eddie Condon	7	"In 1939, he appeared with ""Bobby Hacket and Band"" in the Warner Brothers & Vitaphone film musical short-subject, ""On the Air."
3139	0	Pink Music Festival 2014	1	Pink Music Festival 2014 was the first edition of the Pink Music Festival contest organised by Serbian broadcaster RTV Pink and featuring artists from City Records.
3140	0	Henry Green	7	The main plot concerns Lily Gates and her courting with Bert Jones, one of the factory workers.
3141	0	Emmanuel Dabbaghian	2	After the school graduation, he subsequently joined the Patriarchal Congregation of Bzommar in Lebanon, where he made a solemn profession.
3142	0	Newarthill	13	The Bakers Oven, a small cafe, situated next to the co-op, has a small sit-in area, 'Taste' (a Coffee and Sandwich bar) was situated on the High Street but recently closed and the premises have been converted to an extension for the next door veterinary surgery.
3143	0	Peever, South Dakota	4	According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land.
3144	0	Ting (drink)	4	"An unrelated soft drink product, also called ""Ting,"" was a local popular favorite soda in central and northeastern Wisconsin, which existed prior to the arrival of Jamaican Ting."
3145	0	The Boat Race 1877	9	Phelps himself was replaced as finishing judge by E. H. Fairre.
3146	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	51	If these three (actions) cease definitively, that is absolute truth which is Nirvana.
3147	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	41	He helped fund the construction of the Catawba County, North Carolina Humane Society shelter, in the county where he once lived.
3148	0	Eleutheropolis	2	"The medieval city was known in Arabic as Beit Jibrin or Jubrin (بيت جبرين), meaning ""house of the powerful"" and reflecting its original Aramaic name."
3149	0	Nebraska–Wisconsin football rivalry	3	"Alvarez stated, ""a lot of my philosophy was based upon the foundation I had starting at Nebraska."
3150	0	Solitude	17	"This is well demonstrated in the writings of Edward Abbey with particular regard to ""Desert Solitaire"" where solitude focused only on isolation from other people allows for a more complete connection to the external world, as in the absence of human interaction the natural world itself takes on the role of the companion."
3151	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	21	The home side lost a full back to injury and the Sons tried everything to take advantage – having two goals disallowed for offside.
3152	0	Banksia lindleyana	6	ser.
3153	0	Tennessee State Route 211	4	This highway represents the old two-lane alignment of US 51 between Dyersburg and Troy.
3154	0	WWSW-FM	14	The classic hits usually return December 26.
3155	0	1986–87 Port Vale F.C. season	3	He also brought Bob Hazell in from Reading on a free transfer.
3156	0	V	11	In standard Dutch it is traditionally pronounced as but in many regions it is pronounced as in some or all positions.
3157	0	Laura Lee Huttenbach	4	She was interviewed on Jeff Koinage Live in December 2015 on KTN News Kenya.
3158	0	Newarthill	7	There is also a local amateur football team, Newarthill Athletic AFC, who were founded in 2015.
3159	0	Alexander Sipiagin	2	Influenced his choice acquaintance with Bishop Eduard von der Ropp, who instructed Sipyagin to teach at Roman Catholic seminary in Saratov.
3160	0	The Dirt (film)	7	Seeing the backlash by fans over Vince's departure from the band, Nikki negotiates with Zutaut to give them back the rights to their songs in exchange for their release from Elektra Records.
3161	0	Soul Sisters Softball Team	5	Females running, hitting or using their bodies in an assertive manner was not accepted by many people.
3162	0	Eisbären Berlin	12	Deutsche Eishockey Liga Championship: 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013<br>
3163	0	Oxana Boturchuk	1	Oxana Boturchuk () (born 12 September 1984) is a Paralympic athlete from Ukraine competing mainly in category T12 sprint events.
3164	0	Vidyut Gore	9	"In August 2019, Gore launched ""Alt Sarkar"" (which translates as ""Government"" in Hindi), a spoof alternative Indian government administration on the Twitter platform, where Gore was elected Prime Minister by twitter followers."
3165	0	George Cholmondeley, 4th Marquess of Cholmondeley	6	He inherited approximately of land from his grandfather.
3166	0	Expert	10	Plato did not believe most people were clever enough to look after their own and society's best interest, so the few clever people of the world needed to lead the rest of the flock.
3167	0	Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry	6	Fatal accidents at Autodrome de Montlhéry include Benoît Nicolas Musy (1956), and the one in which Peter Lindner, Franco Patria and three flag marshals died in 1964.
3168	0	Riverside Discovery Center	2	Riverside Discovery Center offered to assist in the rescue of the two cubs and to provide a new home for these two grizzly bear cubs.
3169	0	Milhosť	11	Approximately half of the population is Slovak (54.9%) in ethnicity, the other half is Magyar (41.8%) and Romani people.
3170	0	Mystique (comics)	65	Ever since then, Mystique has held great resentment toward Xavier, which in turn makes her loyal to Magneto.
3171	0	Hyde Park–Kenwood Historic District	2	No NRHP listings from Kenwood are within the historic districts boundaries.
3172	0	Propellerheads	2	"Their first release was an EP named ""Dive!"
3173	0	Order of Friendship (North Korea)	1	The Order of Friendship is a medal awarded by the government of North Korea.
3174	0	Texas League	2	The two leagues played a limited interlocking schedule and post-season championship.
3175	0	Foreign Policy Association	21	"To facilitate the programming, the FPA produces the weekly e-news letters, ""Great Decisions Online"" and ""Great Decisions in the Classroom"", written for ""Great Decisions"" participants and educators."
3176	0	Love and Kisses (film)	3	The newlyweds' first marital crisis arises after only a few weeks when Rosemary, while her husband is away doing a summer job at the company his father works for, attempts to be a housewife but in fact lacks the necessary skills.
3177	0	Anton Hám	2	During riots in the First World War, he returned home and worked as an engraver in the Kremnica Mint.
3178	0	Culture of Argentina	35	Perón's Argentina would give rise to Nueva Canción, as artists began expressing in their music objections to political themes.
3179	0	Baaigem	4	In that year, the Bishop of Cambrai (Kamerijk) allocated the patronage of the church to the Saint-Peters Abbey of Dikkelvenne, which moved then to the City of Geraardsbergen to become the Saint-Adrian Abbey.
3180	0	Kfar Truman	2	"The moshav was established in 1949 by demobilised Palmach soldiers of the Harel Brigade, and was initially called ""Bnei Harel"" (Sons of Harel)."
3181	0	McKesson Corporation	4	"A third partner, Daniel Robbins joined the enterprise as it grew, and it was renamed ""McKesson & Robbins"" following Olcott's death in 1853."
3182	0	George Yarno	7	Following his career as a player, Yarno entered the coaching ranks as a collegiate assistant at Washington State University; he coached the offensive line for four seasons under head coach Mike Price, from 1991 to 1994.
3183	0	Lud, Zbunjen, Normalan (season 1)	1	The season was produced and distributed by BabaFilm with series creator Feda Isovic as the script writer and executive producer.
3184	0	FastPictureViewer	5	It integrates with the Windows shell, for example for context menus and AutoPlay events.
3185	0	Scottish national identity	26	The influx of large numbers of Irish immigrants in the nineteenth century led to the establishment of Catholic schools, particularly in the urban west of the country, beginning with Glasgow in 1817.
3186	0	James V. Forrestal Building	45	Prior to 1993, the Forrestal Building saw no major renovation or remodeling efforts.
3187	0	The Killing of Angel Street	7	However, eventually the lead role went to Elizabeth Alexander and Crombie felt she and Hunter did not play well together.
3188	0	Philips Park, Prestwich	10	Located at the junction of Philips Park Road and Park Lane, this building replaced Outwood Lodge.
3189	0	Arthur Korb	2	He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.
3190	0	Sandra Roelofs	5	Roelofs refused to participate in the Zugdidi district 30 October 2016 second round run-off election claiming the official results were falsified (adding not only in this election district but in the whole country).
3191	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	19	It later turned sharply to the west as it began a weakening trend, followed by a curve to the north.
3192	0	Mariss Jansons	9	In May 2015, the BRSO announced another extension of Jansons's contract through 2021.
3193	0	Solitude	4	Thus, by having other things to keep one's mind busy, this is avoided.
3194	0	Ponthir	4	"It is surrounded by the rolling hills of Monmouthshire, many farms, and the Afon Llwyd (meaning ""grey river"") runs through the village."
3195	0	Tarrytown Light	9	During the next decade, the original coal-fired steam heating system was replaced with modern forced air, and the sanitary facilities were further upgraded.
3196	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	7	Hume chose a site on the southwest side of the square at the corner of Princes Street and an unnamed street (later named St David Street).
3197	0	Flutamide	28	Flutamide increases testosterone levels by 5- to 10-fold in gonadally intact male rats.
3198	0	Michael F. Shlesinger	4	"In 2008, he was honored with a festschrift to mark his 60th birthday, entitled ""25 Years of Nonlinear Dynamics at ONR"", based on a conference held on Amelia Island, Florida, July 20–22, 2008."
3199	0	Saviour's Day (song)	7	"In 2017, ShortList's Dave Fawbert listed the song as containing ""one of the greatest key changes in music history""."
3200	0	Odezenne	3	They decided to record an album, put on concerts, and start their label, Universeul, since they wanted to be independent.
3201	0	Gerhard Bast	7	As an alleged farmhand and lumberjack, he found accommodation and employment at a farm in South Tyrol.
3202	0	Pittsburgh LAN Coalition	1	Following Iron Storm 1, the first event with 120 attendees, the organization decided to continue and hold semi-yearly events.
3203	0	Bright Night Fantasy Bra	1	The Bright Night Fantasy Bra is worth $3,000,000, it is made of 9000 precious emerald gemstones and It took 700 hours to make.
3204	0	Abobo's Big Adventure	6	A downloadable version of the game has also been released, while the team plans to continue to showcase the arcade cabinet at various conventions.
3205	0	Martha Chen	3	The family settled here, and Martha grew up largely in the hills of Mussoorie and Landour.
3206	0	Checkmate (2010 film)	3	Kwame feels an instant attraction to her and notwithstanding his status as a family man, makes moves and quickly gets her into bed.
3207	0	Electrico (wrestler)	6	He made his return to the ring on April 1, 2013 in Puebla, Puebla.
3208	0	Ajiki Station	1	After World War II, the JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR).
3209	0	Nizhyn Okruha	3	In 1926 okruha consisted of 12 raions.
3210	0	Almora	29	"Later on it came to be called ""Kumaun Kumud"" and was still being published until the late 1930s."
3211	0	Lady McLeod	1	The private local post ran during the same time with the use of postage stamps on its mail from April 1847.
3212	0	Pike (programming language)	20	That definition allows a variable to hold any kind of data type.
3213	0	Ranulf I de Soules	5	He was succeeded as Lord of Liddesdale by his nephew, who was also named Ranulf and who was the son of his brother, William.
3214	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	12	"Another explanation of nirvana is the absence of the weaving (""vana"") of activity of the mind."
3215	0	Power of Three (novel)	2	The Dorig is holding an exquisitely moulded collar, which in Lyman and Dorig culture are used to store protective magic.
3216	0	Think Company	10	"Also, the ADP Simplified Reporting tool designed by Think Company was named one of the 10 ""2016 Top HR Products"" by Human Resource Executive Online."
3217	0	Acropora verweyi	1	It is also found in the Philippines, American Samoa, Fiji and Rodrigues.
3218	0	1899 Oldham by-election	1	The Oldham by-election of 1899 occurred in the summer of that year, and involved a by-election to fill both seats in the two-member Oldham Parliamentary borough.
3219	0	Damita Jo (album)	24	"Producer Jimmy Jam commented, ""Between albums she likes to go live life, recharge her batteries and be able to share her experiences."
3220	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	6	Beneath the eastern streets of the square lies the long disused Scotland Street Tunnel, which continues under the New Town to Canonmills.
3221	0	Canberra Girls Grammar School	7	Canberra Girls Grammar School is located over two campuses (primary and secondary) in the inner Canberra suburb of Deakin, within view of Australia's Parliament House.
3222	0	John Wall (American politician)	2	He lived in Wahpeton, North Dakota.
3223	0	CONFER (software)	3	"The unique CONFER feature in this regard was initially the functionality of the ""vote."
3224	0	Lorraine Rothman	9	By providing them with this knowledge, she wanted to make sure women were aware that they can have control of their own bodies.
3225	0	Secretary for Justice v Yau Yuk Lung Zigo	10	The Court pointed out that Section 118F(1) was discriminatory by singling out and criminalising homosexual buggery but no similar laws against heterosexual buggery or other comparable heterosexual acts.
3226	0	Dan Serfaty	5	In 2000, he founded Aggregator, a club dedicated to entrepreneurs, helping them share their experiences, ideas, and contacts with other club members.
3227	0	Licensed federal attorney	3	Most jurisdictions require the submission of an application for admission.
3228	0	Worth (horse)	1	He was the winner of the 1912 Kentucky Derby, an achievement he is best known for.
3229	0	Voras Mountains	1	The Voras Mountains (; also Boras), also known as Nidže (, ) are a mountain range situated on the border between Greece and North Macedonia.
3230	0	Redditch Central Mosque	3	Since the mosque's establishment, it has become a focal point for the Redditch Muslim community, providing education for children and adults, lectures and seminars.
3231	0	Gander International Airport	4	The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) also established Naval Radio Station Gander at the airfield, using the station as a listening post to detect the transmissions and location of enemy submarines and warships.
3232	0	Antipope Constantine II	2	Constantine, although a layman, was supported by a group of Tuscan nobles, led by his brother.
3233	0	Dan Serfaty	7	In 2004, with Thierry Lunati, he co-founded Viaduc–the original name of Viadeo–investing part of the first 5 million euros raised for Aggregator.
3234	0	Incremental game	4	"In 2015, the gaming press observed such games proliferating on the Steam game distribution platform with titles such as ""Clicker Heroes""."
3235	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	2	Meeker's Oregon Trail Memorial Association (OTMA) had tens of thousands of pieces struck in 1926 and 1928, and did not sell them all.
3236	0	German Renaissance	8	"Lying somewhat outside these developments is Matthias Grünewald, who left very few works, but whose masterpiece, his ""Isenheim Altarpiece"" (completed 1515), has been widely regarded as the greatest German Renaissance painting since it was restored to critical attention in the 19th century."
3237	0	Rangsdorf railway station	4	"Four months later, the Royal Prussian Military Railway (""Königlich Preußische Militär-Eisenbahn""), which was built parallel with the Dresden Railway, was opened to Zossen."
3238	0	Dolores Claiborne (film)	7	Selena fled home for the weekend to work at a hotel, where guests had flocked for the eclipse.
3239	0	Calliphora vicina	4	"The similarities between the different species of ""Calliphora"" can make identification of immature stages nearly impossible."
3240	0	Mazda 737C	2	The 737Cs were also raced in part of the 1985 World Sportscar Championship season, managing 8th place for Mazdaspeed in the C2 teams championship.
3241	0	Karl Munro	6	Stella asks Owen Armstrong (Ian Puleston-Davies) to give Karl a job as a labourer at his building yard.
3242	0	Bruce Kingsbury	13	For his actions, Kingsbury was awarded the Victoria Cross, which was gazetted on 9 February 1943.
3243	0	Bunyola	2	Bunyola borders with other municipalities of Palma de Mallorca, Marratxí, Santa Maria del Camí, Alaró, Escorca, Sóller, Deià and Valldemossa.
3244	0	Perrie Mans	14	In terms of World Ranking and performances in the World Championship, Mans remains far and away the most successful South African snooker player.
3245	0	2018 FIA Formula 2 Championship	7	Charouz left the Formula 3.5 V8 championship when the championship was discontinued and the team subsequently submitted an entry to join the Formula 2 grid which marked the return of a Czech single-seater junior team to the second tier of Formula One's feeder championships since the 2003 International Formula 3000 season.
3246	0	Bellevue funicular	5	The journey took between one-and-a-half and two minutes.
3247	0	Piteå School of Music	2	The school was founded in 1978.
3248	0	Sorgenfri station	2	The station opened on 15 May 1936.
3249	0	Hinckley, Illinois	15	About 3.8% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.
3250	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	50	As it is the extinction of the triple fires, it is called nirvana.
3251	0	Anton Chigurh	18	"A parody titled ""There Will Be Milkshakes for Old Men"" was featured in Episode 5 of Season 33 of NBC’s ""Saturday Night Live"", which aired on February 23, 2008."
3252	0	Sam Cooke	8	Rupe expected Cooke's secular music to be similar to that of another Specialty Records artist, Little Richard.
3253	0	Hawkins\Brown	5	Hawkins\Brown works across many sectors, including education, residential, workplace, infrastructure and transport, and civic community and culture.
3254	0	Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing	5	Crane, who was then a partner in The Software Toolworks, invented the sobriquet.
3255	0	Carl Zeiss AG	4	Zeiss Ikon represented a significant part of the production along with dozens of other brands and factories, and also had major works at Dresden.
3256	0	Berea, Nebraska	6	It lies along the west side of the BNSF Railway tracks, and of Nebraska Highway 2 near its junction with U.S. Highway 385.
3257	0	2016 Peruvian general election	4	He said that he would respect the constitutional term limit restrictions and would not run again.
3258	0	Yon Tumarkin	2	Tumarkin was born and grew up in Jaffa, to a family of Jewish descent.
3259	0	Glengarry Light Infantry	7	Yet another company was present at the Battle of Sackett's Harbor, where troops under Prevost and Baynes withdrew after failing to drive American troops from buildings and hastily constructed defences.
3260	0	Moyna Flannigan	2	Flannigan is best known for her imagined portraits of women in psychologically charged situations.
3261	0	Worth (horse)	2	Worth was bred in Kentucky by R.H. McCarter Porter.
3262	0	NBA on TNT	6	TNT also carries exclusive coverage of one NBA Conference Final.
3263	0	History of guerrilla warfare	12	The Forage War raised morale for the Patriots as their guerrilla operations against the British were very effective.
3264	0	Tyrus Thomas	4	13 seed Iona and the second-round game against No.
3265	0	Croydon High School	2	The school was founded in 1874 in Wellesley Road just north of the centre of Croydon, and the first Headmistress was Dorinda Neligan.
3266	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	31	"A commonly used metaphor for nirvana is that of a flame which goes out due to lack of fuel:Just as an oil-lamp burns because of oil and wick, but when the oil and wick are exhausted, and no others are supplied, it goes out through lack of fuel (""anaharo nibbayati""), so the [enlightened] monk … knows that after the break-up of his body, when further life is exhausted, all feelings which are rejoiced in here will become cool.Collins argues that the Buddhist view of awakening reverses the Vedic view and its metaphors."
3267	0	Klaus Wyrtki	6	Without him we wouldn't do El Nino forecasting on a regular basis.
3268	0	Muhammad Taufik	6	Following the 2014 presidential election, in which Prabowo Subianto lost, Taufik demanded the head of KPU be arrested, accusing him of cheating by opening ballot boxes.
3269	0	Max Eschig	3	Eschig died in Paris.
3270	0	Almora	23	Indira Gandhi International Airport, located in Delhi is the nearest international Airport.
3271	0	Förvaltare	2	The rise of the status of the professional rank:
3272	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	6	Fishing losses totaled around $1 million (1953 USD, $  USD).
3273	0	Seagull Camera	7	Some Chinese amateurs consider the 4A and the later 4A-1 variants professional, partly because the camera was unaffordable for most Chinese citizens in the 1960s and 1970s.
3274	0	Heather Frederiksen	10	Frederiksen retired from competitive swimming in 2013, after becoming pregnant with her first child.
3275	0	2008 FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup Final	4	Brazil started their world cup campaign as defending champions, in group D, coming from behind to win by 3 goals to 2 against Spain.
3276	0	Rog (factory)	10	As a consequence, use of spaces shifted from mere production spaces, used by individuals and groups for their own needs, to more consumer-oriented presentation and performance spaces which were able to cover the costs through donations by visitors.
3277	0	Áed Oirdnide	4	The summoning of this gathering was one of the prerogatives of the High King at which he would demonstrate his power and standing.
3278	0	Bermuda II Agreement	16	Moreover, both sides agreed to continue dual designation, i.e.
3279	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	25	A fortnight earlier the Sons had scrambled a win in the home fixture and the pace of this game was no different with both defences being pressed by waves of attacks.
3280	0	Aldo Tonti	2	"He debuted as cinematographer in 1939, with ""Piccoli naufraghi"" by Flavio Calzavara; his first important work was ""Ossessione"" by Luchino Visconti."
3281	0	United Nations Security Council Resolution 1568	2	The Security Council called on both Cyprus and Northern Cyprus to urgently address the humanitarian issue of missing persons.
3282	0	The Killing of Angel Street	8	It didn't put us off, but you did look under the car for about two days afterwards because you thought, hang on a minute, what's all this about... And the nexus between government and big business and crime.
3283	0	Sam Cooke	11	In 1961, Cooke started his own record label, SAR Records, with J. W. Alexander and his manager, Roy Crain.
3284	0	Smoky Mountain High School	9	The public school moved to the Gertrude McKee Training School in 1939 and to Cordelia Camp Laboratory School in 1964, where the high school program remained until 1988.
3285	0	Tom Gleave	3	By June 1940 he was in command of 253 Squadron, flying Hurricanes.
3286	0	Piano &amp; A Microphone Tour	1	"I won’t have to, because I won’t have a band""."
3287	0	Antipope Constantine II	2	The Lombards then attempted to install their own candidate, a priest named Philip.
3288	0	Pacific Islands Forum	5	Fiji rejected the deadline.
3289	0	CANT1	1	CANT1 is a gene that encodes soluble calcium-activated nucleotidase 1, an enzyme, in humans.
3290	0	William Fuller (priest)	3	The House of Commons summoned him as a delinquent, for the content of his sermons.
3291	0	Solitude	1	It may stem from bad relationships, loss of loved ones, deliberate choice, infectious disease, mental disorders, neurological disorders or circumstances of employment or situation (see castaway).
3292	0	Mars Attacks!	20	"When the budget was projected at $100 million (Warner Bros. wanted it for no more than $75 million), producer Larry J. Franco commissioned a test reel from Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), the visual effects company he worked with on ""Jumanji""."
3293	0	Gerald Butts	3	He received a B.A.
3294	0	Abobo's Big Adventure	1	"Developed by I-Mockery founder Roger Barr, ""Abobo's Big Adventure"" was released in January 2012 to positive critical reception."
3295	0	Expert	14	They are in consequence able to make rapid decisions in complex and dynamic situations.
3296	0	Bonn–Paris conventions	1	The Bonn–Paris conventions were signed in May 1952 and came into force after the 1955 ratification.
3297	0	Antonis Vardis	2	Born in Moschato, a suburb of Athens, Vardis established a 40-year career as a composer and singer, collaborating with well-known Greek singers: George Dalaras, Yiannis Parios, Vasilis Papakonstantinou, Haris Alexiou, Dimitra Galani, and Anna Vissi.
3298	0	Thaddeus of Warsaw	3	The character of Thaddeus Sobieski was the namesake of Thaddeus Lowe (b.
3299	0	Spasmo	9	Additionally, its shown that he has killed Clorinda after the potential rape and dumped her in the well, that he killed the ex-girlfriend, the random woman in the car and Barbara.
3300	0	Carlo Curci	3	In 1891, Curci moved to Trani.
3301	0	Eisbären Berlin	9	The standing/seating capacity of the stadium is 4695.
3302	0	1 Cancri	2	It is specified as a spectral standard for that type.
3303	0	Escola Secundária Eça de Queirós (Póvoa de Varzim)	1	The Secondary School Eça de Queirós () is a secondary school located in the civil parish of Póvoa de Varzim, Beiriz e Argivai, in the Portuguese Norte region, founded on 14 June 1904.
3304	0	Lemyra neglecta	1	Lemyra neglecta is a moth of the family Erebidae.
3305	0	1907–08 Dumbarton F.C. season	5	For the third week in a row Dumbarton were the hosts, this time to Arthurlie in their first league fixture.
3306	0	Almora	14	Almora had a population of 32,358 according to the 2001 Census of India.
3307	0	Gordon Manley	3	"Manley interpreted the phenomenon in hydrodynamic terms as a ""standing wave"" and ""rotor"", a model confirmed in 1939 by glider flights."
3308	0	Scarborough Shoal	8	The expected intervention of the United States to protect its ally through an existing mutual defense treaty did not commence after the United States indirectly stated that it does not recognize any nation's sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal, leading to strained ties between the Philippines and the United States.
3309	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	7	"In ""Fūryū Rokkasen"" the ""hanji-e"" is replaced with the seated figure of one of the ""rokkasen"" ""six poetry immortals"" of the mid-9th century."
3310	0	Aleksandrowo, Przasnysz County	1	Aleksandrowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chorzele, within Przasnysz County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
3311	0	Virgil Grandfield	6	Grandfield quit the Canadian Red Cross in 2008 after many efforts to have his complaints addressed that contractors hired by the Red Cross to rebuild after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami used slave labor.
3312	0	Berber calendar	10	In some regions, it is marked by the sacrifice of an animal (usually a chicken).
3313	0	Harry Goodall	2	In his total of five first-class appearances for the county, he scored a total of 92 runs at an average of 15.33, with a high score of 26.
3314	0	Proboscis	5	Each tube is inwardly concave, thus forming a central tube up which moisture is sucked.
3315	0	Paleontology in Texas	1	Early Cenozoic Texas still contained areas covered in seawater where invertebrates and sharks lived.
3316	0	Ali Sami Yen	3	"Ali Sami Yen founded the colours of Galatasaray, stating, ""We were imagining brightness of yellow-red fire over our team and thinking that it would carry us from one victory to another."
3317	0	Nadezhda Neynsky	12	As an MEP she sat on the Committee on Budgets and was co Resident on Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
3318	0	Hanover (car)	2	The Hanover car had electric headlights, but relied on a crank starter.
3319	0	Dositej Novaković	2	Soon afterwards he left Treskavac for Holy Mount Athos and monastery of Zoographou where he became a monk.
3320	0	Henri Goovaerts	2	Goovaerts decided to become a painter and against the wishes of his father he attended the Academy of Mechelen in Belgium.
3321	0	DEMIAP	13	General DELPHIN KAHIMBI (2015-...)
3322	0	Pierre Amine Gemayel	2	Pierre Amine Gemayel was born in Beirut on 24 September 1972 to a Maronite Christian family that has long been involved in Lebanese politics.
3323	0	Jorge Garcés	2	In 1992, he won the Primera B Championship with Provincial Osorno.
3324	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	15	However, they were not able to hold on and the Seminoles won 46–29.
3325	0	Feketić	1	"Feketić (Serbian: Фекетић or ""Feketić"", Hungarian: ""Bácsfeketehegy"", German: ""Feketitsch, Schwarzenberg"") is a village located in the Mali Iđoš municipality, in the North Bačka District of Serbia."
3326	0	River Balder	5	The course of the valley carries on at a virtually exactly east direction as the River Balder enters Hury Reservoir at about 260 m (850 ft), passing the village of Hury which lies to the north.
3327	0	The Missing Gospels	1	The Missing Gospels: Unearthing the Truth Behind Alternative Christianities is a book by Darrell L. Bock, Research Professor of New Testament Studies at Dallas Theological Seminary.
3328	0	Honky (album)	4	In January 2011, Melvins played a series of four shows at Club Spaceland.
3329	0	Zheng Zhu	16	However, at this point, unknown to Zheng and Emperor Wenzong, Li Xun himself had become suspicious and jealous of Zheng, and therefore, when Li Xun was selecting a staff for Zheng, he chose those who were moderate in their behavior for Zheng.
3330	0	Postgraduate training in general dentistry in the United States	11	For example, as of January 1, 2007, New York State requires that new dentists complete either a GPR, an AEGD or a specialty residency prior to receiving their dental license.
3331	0	Matrix exponential	58	A practical, expedited computation of the above reduces to the following rapid steps.
3332	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	16	Two days later, the remnants moved over Atlantic Canada with winds of 70 mph (120 km/h), producing flooding rainfall that washed out several roads.
3333	0	Kataruchak	1	These divisions are:
3334	0	Shishtavec	1	Shishtavec (Cyrillic: Шиштавец) is a village in Kukës County in northeastern Albania.
3335	0	Mitcham Bridge	7	It had a length of 22 meters, a width of 10 meters and a passage height for of 1.7 meters.
3336	0	DPR/MPR Building	2	"The entire complex was completed in stages in March 1968 (the main building ""Nusantara""), 1978 and 1983."
3337	0	Robert Goldwater	1	He was married to the French-born American artist and sculptor Louise Bourgeois.
3338	0	Dartball	11	A player who advances around all of the bases to score is credited with a run (R).
3339	0	Amorbia curitiba	1	It is found in Paraná, Brazil.
3340	0	1995 Arizona Cardinals season	1	Former Seattle Seahawks quarterback Dave Krieg started in his only season with the team.
3341	0	Larry La Trobe	4	"A campaign was started by the ""Melbourne Times"", a weekly city newspaper, to recover Larry."
3342	0	1921 Maltese general election	1	General elections were held in Malta on 18 and 19 October 1921.
3343	0	For Me and My Gal (film)	18	"For Me and My Gal"" was released on VHS in the US on August 1988 by MGM/UA Home Video (#M201379) and on DVD on April 6, 2004 by Warner Home Video."
3344	0	The Devil in Amber	22	Joshua Reynolds: Leader of the Royal Academy, which is a front for the British Secret Service.
3345	0	Arion (comics)	11	Arion was returned to 1659 where he plans his next move on Superman in the future.
3346	0	Uvinsky District	1	The area of the district is .
3347	0	Squire D. Rushnell	3	Rushnell started the project as ABC's vice-president for long-range planning and children's television.
3348	0	Paleontology in Texas	3	Consequently the contemporary life is not well known.
3349	0	I Write Like	2	"He says that he intends to include advanced features such as ""probability percentages"" that a user-submitted passage resembles a certain author."
3350	0	Cecil Madigan	2	He was raised by his mother as his father had died in the Kalgoorlie, Western Australian Goldfields.
3351	0	Of Mice and Men (play)	2	While the play follows the novel closely, Steinbeck altered the character of Curley's Wife, perhaps in response to criticisms from friends.
3352	0	Blue (Joni Mitchell song)	1	There has been persistent speculation that the song is about fellow songwriter David Blue, who was a friend and possible love interest of Mitchell's when the album was released.
3353	0	Trpimir II of Croatia	3	Trpimir's woes did not stop there.
3354	0	SZD-25A Lis	2	The main designer was Zbigniew Badura.
3355	0	Flutamide	17	In women, flutamide is, generally, relatively well-tolerated, and does not interfere with ovulation.
3356	0	La Crosse Rail Bridge	9	A section of the bridge swings on a pivot point, opening up two 150-foot- wide lanes for river traffic to pass through, similar to a gate.
3357	0	Scottish national identity	16	Charles' position in Scotland began to deteriorate as the Scottish Whig supporters rallied and regained control of Edinburgh.
3358	0	Antipope Constantine II	9	They begged Constantine to allow them to leave the city and become monks in the Monastery of Our Saviour, near Rieti in the Duchy of Spoleto.
3359	0	Spinacleris	3	The species name refers to the type locality.
3360	0	Curious (fragrance)	6	"The TV advertisement for ""Curious"", ""Hotel Rooms,"" was conceived at agency Goodby, Silverstein & Partners and directed by Dave Meyers through production company @radical.media."
3361	0	Rodrigo Palacio	24	A versatile and creative forward, he is capable of playing in several offensive positions, and has been deployed as a striker, as a second striker, and as a winger.
3362	0	Hangzhou High School	4	It was discovered through the Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program at the Xinglong Station in the Yan Mountains of China on April 17, 1996.
3363	0	Sivananda Radha Saraswati	6	She also opened the Yoga Vedanta Bookstore on Robson Street in downtown Vancouver.
3364	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	5	He later becomes a respected member of the team in the season's later episodes, helping the team out of several problems that nearly derails the escape plan.
3365	0	Bilibili	5	"As it grew, he reshaped the website to specialize in video sharing and launched it on 14 January 2010 with the name Bilibili (bilibili.us), which is the nickname of the protagonist Mikoto Misaka in the anime ""A Certain Scientific Railgun"" for her electric superpower."
3366	0	Ivan Magill	2	Originally a general practitioner, he accepted a post at the Queen's Hospital, Sidcup, in 1919 as an anaesthetist.
3367	0	Gander International Airport	17	The airport was the site for Canada's memorial service to mark the first anniversary of the attack, over which Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Transport Minister David Collenette, US Ambassador to Canada Paul Cellucci, and provincial and local officials presided.
3368	0	Matrix exponential	19	where the remaining terms are all iterated commutators involving formula_4 and formula_8.
3369	0	Moorumbine, Western Australia	2	The railway passed to the west of the town where the town of Pingelly now stands.
3370	0	Music Man StingRay 5	9	Model : StingRay 5
3371	0	Labbaikudikadu	19	Canara Bank
3372	0	Jack Acland	7	He was made a Knight Commander (KBE) in 1968 for services to the wool industry.
3373	0	Dorothy V. M. Bishop	2	In 1975, she completed work on her Master of Philosophy degree in Clinical Psychology from the University of London.
3374	0	Vladimir Kaminsky	3	His two elder brothers, Leonid and Anatoly, are also retired cyclists.
3375	0	SZD-25A Lis	3	Flight trials commenced with Adam Zientek piloting SP-1880 on the first flight on 20 October 1958.
3376	0	Vinton, Texas	3	Vinton was named for Southern Pacific Railroad surveyor John C. Vinton, who laid the cross-country route for the railroad through the area in 1881, and was most likely established around that time.
3377	0	Alphabet soup (linguistics)	1	Alphabet soup is a metaphor for an abundance of abbreviations or acronyms, named for a common dish made from alphabet pasta.
3378	0	Dominican Civil War	12	The treaty's timing favored the demoralized loyalists, who had at that point lost control of Ciudad Colonial.
3379	0	Dance Club Songs	5	These stations are also a part of the electronically monitored panel that encompasses the Hot 100.
3380	0	Yegor Chernyshov (footballer, born 1998)	1	He plays for FC Nosta Novotroitsk.
3381	0	Blek	7	Jared Nelson of the same website wrote that the game was uniquely suited for the touchscreen.
3382	0	Pearsall (surname)	1	Pearsall is a surname.
3383	0	Shock Waves (film)	14	"Patrick Bromley of DVD Verdict wrote, ""More concerned with atmosphere than with shocks, it avoids a number of what would become the cliches of the genre; the flip side of that coin is that it delivers little of what we want from a zombie film."
3384	0	Hinckley, Illinois	12	As of the census of 2000, there were 1,994 people, 730 households, and 556 families residing in the village.
3385	0	Philips Park, Prestwich	7	The area where it stood is now occupied by a car park.
3386	0	Neoeromene octavianella	2	The wingspan is 12–14 mm.
3387	0	Dolores Claiborne (film)	7	After Joe got drunk, Dolores revealed she knew he stole from Selena's account and molested his own daughter, then provoked him into attacking her and falling down an old well, leaving him to die as he plunges to the stone bottom.
3388	0	Samuel Cooper (surgeon)	3	From 1831 to 1848 he was surgeon to University College Hospital and professor of surgery in the college.
3389	0	American Wedding	18	"Robert Koeler of ""Variety"" compared it to the works of John Waters and called it a ""strong finish"" for the franchise."
3390	0	Tatsuya Mochizuki	2	He was selected to be the manager of Vegalta Sendai, in the J.League beginning in the 2007 season.
3391	0	Craig MacGillivray (footballer)	5	At the end of the 2016–17 season, Walsall and MacGillivray mutually agreed to end his contract after being unable to guarantee the stopper a regular starting place.
3392	0	Locomotives of New Zealand	10	The Silver Fern railcars appeared in stainless steel.
3393	0	Karen Gren Scholer	1	From 2001 to 2008, she served as a State District Judge for the 95th Judicial District Court of Dallas County.
3394	0	Union of Private Sector Employees, Printing, Journalism, and Paper	4	Members of the GPA-DJP benefit from the collective work of the GPA-DJP, are entitled to legal protection in all labor matters, receive financial benefits in emergency situations and advice on many issues relating to employment and labor law.
3395	0	Mariano Rivera Paz	4	Meanwhile, despite insistent advice to definitely crush Carrera and his forces, Salazar tried to negotiate with him diplomatically; he even went as far as to show that he neither feared nor distrusted Carrera by removing removed the fortifications that were in place in the Guatemalan capital since the battle of Villa Nueva.
3396	0	George Naea	4	According to Hutchison, Naʻea had contracted the illness from his Chinese cook who had arrived in the islands during the early sandalwood trade.
3397	0	Banksia lindleyana	8	"Tetragonae"":"
3398	0	Chris Capuano	4	He returned to the Diamondbacks when rosters expanded in September and overall appeared in 9 games for them, with 5 starts, and was 2–4 with a 4.64 ERA.
3399	0	Johann Burchard Freystein	3	Johann Burchard Freyenstein studied at the University of Leipzig in law, mathematics, philosophy and architecture.
3400	0	Gordon L. Brady	2	Gordon Brady received his B.A.
3401	0	Florence Craye	3	She is the elder sister to the troublesome young Edwin Craye and eventually becomes the step-daughter of Bertie's Aunt Agatha.
3402	0	Martin Raguž	2	Raguž became politically active at the time of 1990 general election, the first an autonomous Bosnia and Herzegovina since the aftermath of World War I.
3403	0	Nishiyama Suisho	2	In 1915, he married Takeuchi Tei, one of his master's daughters.
3404	0	Glengarry Light Infantry	13	When Craig first tried to form the unit he proposed that it wear the dress of Scottish highland regiments, with a Glengarry tartan plaid.
3405	0	Dissociation (chemistry)	3	More accurately, degree of dissociation refers to the amount of solute dissociated into ions or radicals per mole.
3406	0	George Tuska	16	"He had a four-year run drawing ""The World's Greatest Superheroes"" comic strip from 1978–1982, inked by Vince Colletta."
3407	0	Mandi Shivaratri Fair	11	Thereafter, the Raja found the Shiva Linga at the indicated location, which he deified in a temple that he erected in 1526, at the place it was found.
3408	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	10	The conflict between the two competing governments, known as the Ukrainian–Soviet War, was part of the ongoing Russian Civil War, as well as a struggle for national independence, which ended with the pro-independence Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) being annexed into a new Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (), western Ukraine being annexed into the Second Polish Republic, and the newly stable Ukraine becoming a founding member of the Soviet Union.
3409	0	Sam Cooke	12	Like most R&B artists of his time, Cooke focused on singles; in all, he had 29 top 40 hits on the pop charts and more on the R&B charts.
3410	0	Triaenodes flavescens	1	It is found in North America.
3411	0	Jack Hall (trade unionist)	6	The Hawaii 7 were convicted on June 19, 1953.
3412	0	Philips Park, Prestwich	25	Vehicular access to the park is by Park Lane, northwest of Junction 17 of the M60 motorway.
3413	0	Damita Jo (album)	9	It's one of the best records she's made.
3414	0	Ryan Newman (racing driver)	25	When Newman was interviewed he stated that he was not going to play dirty and wanted to have a clean race with Harvick.
3415	0	Alfred Cock-Clausen	1	Alf Cock-Clausen (2 March 1886 – 10 July 1983) was a Danish architect.
3416	0	MYMP	22	Bahala, then an 18-year-old regional singing champ, hailed from Davao where Juris Fernandez also came from.
3417	0	The Very Best of Sting &amp; The Police	6	"Englishman in New York"" – 4:28<br>"
3418	0	Sam Cooke	20	She called the police to request that officers go to the motel, telling them she believed a shooting had occurred.
3419	0	Nishiyama Suisho	3	Soon after, he became head of Kyoto City Specialist School of Painting.
3420	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	2	The battle marked one of the first occasions where timberclad warships were convincingly outclassed by the newer ironclad warships, and it would be one of the last naval engagements to see timberclad warships perform a major role.
3421	0	History of Thurgau	7	The Old Swiss Confederacy allied with ten freed bailiwicks of the former Toggenburg seized the lands of the Thurgau from the Habsburgs in 1460, and it became a subject territory of seven Swiss cantons (Zurich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug and Glarus).
3422	0	Bunyola	1	(INE 2018).
3423	0	Reach for the Dead	4	"Billboard"" writer Lars Bradle said that ""if [Boards of Canada]'s followers were hoping for an upbeat treat in the vein of 2005's 'Davyan Cowboy,' then think again."
3424	0	Roadwalking	2	"Roadwalking is not to be confused with ""yellow blazing"", or traveling in a car instead of by foot."
3425	0	Jason Porplyzia	4	On 2 October Porplyzia was officially recognized for being Adelaide's leading goalscorer at the Best and Fairest awards.
3426	0	Manolis Kalomiris	2	He held various public posts and was elected member of the Academy of Athens.
3427	0	Alcarreña	2	Rams and ewes are polled (hornless).
3428	0	Karl Munro	4	Later on Dev confronts Sunita and Karl when he gets jealous of seeing them together with the twins and attacks Karl in front of the twins, aggressively pushing him onto the sofa.
3429	0	Fiat 131	11	These cars were built in a cooperation between Fiat, Bertone and Abarth.
3430	0	Château Trpísty	2	The extravagant layout and decoration of the house set it apart from Auguston's other works in provincial style, so Trpisty either is his best and most mature project or it has been designed by somebody else.
3431	0	Carl Zeiss AG	71	Zeiss was the first manufacturer of coordinate measurement machines to introduce computer numerical control (CNC) technology to a coordinate measurement machine and was the first company to offer CNC stylus changer capability for these machines.
3432	0	Almora	13	The entire zone is rich in a remarkable variety of birds possessing plumage of magnificent design and colours like peacock, which include Grey Quail, Black francolin/Kala Titar, Whistling thrush, Chakor, Monal, cheer pheasant, koklas pheasant etc.
3433	0	George Minchin	9	Minchin met William Wilson in London and the latter invited him to try his cells at the new observatory at his home, Daramona House, Co.Westmeath.
3434	0	Port Kembla FC	3	Eventually both sides got together and decided it would be a better idea to form a single club and enter it into a local competition.
3435	0	The Devil in Amber	18	The heroes escape but so does Reynolds who attempts a getaway by cable car.
3436	0	James V. Forrestal Building	33	The preference of the Carter Administration was to bring these agencies together in a single building, if possible.
3437	0	Damita Jo (album)	29	"[...] the truth is that Jackson is just trying to humanize herself, as she did so well on her breakthrough 1986 album, ""Control"" [...] Jackson has had eighteen years of monster hits, so it's hard to fault her instincts."
3438	0	Jakobstad	2	"The town was founded at the old harbour of the parish ""Pedersöre"" and this name lives on in the Finnish name of the municipality, ""Pietarsaari"", literally ""Peter's Island""."
3439	0	Taichiro Morinaga	7	Morinaga later founded Morinaga & Co, the first modern candy company in Japan and the first to produce chocolates in the country when it started in 1918, one year after opening a company dairy.
3440	0	Piedraiaceae	1	The Piedraiaceae are a family of fungi in the Ascomycota, class Dothideomycetes.
3441	0	Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1990)	6	After the Buccaneers waived Jones, the New England Patriots claimed him off waivers.
3442	0	Battle of Lucas Bend	3	It was defended by Fort Defiance.
3443	0	Bilibili	12	This system offers users various subtitle controls, including style, format, and movement.
3444	0	Topčidersko Brdo	2	On the western slope of the hill, which sharply ends above the Sava river, the neighborhood of Senjak is located, while east of the Boulevard of Vojvoda Putnik is the neighborhood of Dedinje.
3445	0	Fiat 131	11	Bertone took part-completed two door standard bodyshells from the production line in Mirafiori, fitted plastic mudguards front and rear, a plastic bonnet and bootlid and modified the metal structure to accept the rear independent suspension.
3446	0	Christian Jimenez	1	Christian Jimenez (born November 3, 1986 in San Dimas, California) is an American soccer player of Mexican descent.
3447	0	James V. Forrestal Building	4	Zeckendorf's plan would replace 10th Street SW with a wide, grass-lined pedestrian mall.
3448	0	Sangbad Pratidin	2	Sangbad Pratidin is the highly popular Bengali newspaper with 5 million digital readerships primarily from Bengal and the rest of India.
3449	0	Stella Benson	2	When she did see him, he encouraged her to quit writing poetry for the time being, until she was older and more experienced.
3450	0	Mouni Sadhu	10	From there began the process of putting the Teaching of the Maharshi into practice, specifically in the form of Vichara, the Self-enquiry, ( also called The Direct Path ) or Quest of the Self, (Overself in the Vedantic sense), and of beginning the process of preparation that enabled Mouni Sadhu to reach the ashram of the great Rishi in 1949.
3451	0	Sharon Fanning	1	She retired after the 2011–2012 season.
3452	0	Delaware Route 23	1	DE 23 is concurrent with DE 5 between the DE 24 intersection in Long Neck and Fairmount.
3453	0	Helen Rollason	6	A year later she joined the team of Essex Radio as a sports reporter when the commercial station went on air.
3454	0	In situ polymerization	14	In the covalent approach, the two steps are the conjugation of acryloyl groups to protein followed by in situ free radical polymerization.
3455	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	39	Although the Eagles defeated the Hokies in both the regular seasons those two years, Virginia Tech won the 2007 and 2008 ACC Championship Game played between the two schools.
3456	0	Ladian, SBS Nagar	4	According to census survey report 2011, 96.92% workers describe their work as main work and 3.08% workers are involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months.
3457	0	Hangzhou High School	7	After the closing of each Hanggao Model United Nations Conference, it would be highly praised by every representative.
3458	0	Blek	5	"After a few YouTube campaigns, ""Blek"" was listed in Apple's App Store lists."
3459	0	Philips Park, Prestwich	15	It was demolished in 1969 to make way for the M62 motorway.
3460	0	Charlton Comics	23	Much of the new talent took the opportunity to move on to Marvel and DC.
3461	0	Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic	22	Following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, Ufa became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.
3462	0	1953 Atlantic hurricane season	2	The strongest hurricane of the season was Carol, although by the time it struck Atlantic Canada it was much weaker.
3463	0	Gurupa várzea	2	The Gurupa várzea ecoregion is named after the Ilha Grande de Gurupá, an alluvial island in the mouth of the Amazon.
3464	0	Drawing Restraint 9	7	They pour a basket of lemons that have had a central strip excised into the water and remove the Guest's clothing before she steps into the bath.
3465	0	Criminally Insane 2	5	Ethel proceeds to murder the remaining resident (a man who believed he was an insect) and one of the institution doctors when he drops by to see why his calls to the halfway house have not been getting through.
3466	0	St Andrew Square, Edinburgh	11	This is the nearest stop for Edinburgh Waverley railway station which lies approx 400m south, and for Edinburgh bus station which is 50m to the north.
3467	0	Solitude	2	Short-term solitude is often valued as a time when one may work, think or rest without being disturbed.
3468	0	Broughton, Oxfordshire	6	Broughton Castle is a 14th- to 16th-century country house and the ancestral seat of the Lords Saye and Sele (the Fiennes family).
3469	0	Richmond Road Runners Club	6	Some have goals of running marathons in every state or every country.
3470	0	Leesten	3	Leesten has an elevation of about 300 meters.
3471	0	S v Francis	12	"For the purposes of this judgment, however, ""I find it unnecessary to take this matter further for the following reason: even if one assumes that the principles laid down in ""Forlee"" are applicable in this Division, they are not applicable to the facts in the present case."
3472	0	In situ polymerization	15	Nanogels, which are microscopic hydrogel particles held together by a cross-linked polymer network, offer a desirable mode of drug delivery that has a variety of biomedical applications.
3473	0	Mangelia paciniana	4	This species occurs in European waters and in the Mediterranean Sea.
3474	0	Château Trpísty	4	The château, its park and outbuildings are among the last remaining examples of 18th century Bohemian country houses embedded in its original landscape without visible changes in the wake of industrialisation or subsequent destruction during the communist rule and belong to the most valuable historic estates in Central Europe.
3475	0	Mystique (comics)	57	Eventually she is erased by Professor Xavier.
3476	0	International Medical Group (Uganda)	4	The majority of the stock of IMG is owned by Dr. Ian Clarke, the founder of the group.
3477	0	Unlocked (Alexandra Stan album)	15	Creative and visual
3478	0	Janelle Asselin	9	Asselin recruited several of her colleagues to work on the series, including Kate Leth, Arielle Jovellanos, and Sarah Winifred Searle.
3479	0	Lifepak	3	The LIFEPAK 15 models include a CPR Metronome that verbally tells the rescuers when to ventilate the patient.
3480	0	Carlos Guillermo Smith	15	Smith re-filed his assault weapons ban for the 2018 legislative session just days after the 2017 Las Vegas Shooting, in which a lone gunman killed 58 people and caused 851 injuries.
3481	0	Shreya Tripathi	2	On 20 January 2017, the High Court in Delhi ruled in favour of Tripathi and ordered that she receive the drug.
3482	0	Förvaltare	6	"After the implementation of two-career-paths systems for officers 2008, this rank may again become a professional rank within the newly created ""specialist officer"" category."
3483	0	Leon Schwartzmann	2	In 1911, he tied for 5-6th in St Petersburg (Ilya Rabinovich and Platz won).
3484	0	Wealdstone	3	The Harrow Leisure Centre is located in Wealdstone and facilities include swimming, badminton, snooker, martial arts and a gym run by Harper's Fitness.
3485	0	Kutná Hora District	2	Paběnice -
3486	0	Nirvana (Buddhism)	36	"At that point of contemplation, which is reached through a progression of insight, if the meditator realizes that even that state is constructed and therefore impermanent, the fetters are destroyed, arahantship is attained, and ""nibbāna"" is realized."
3487	0	The Very Best of Sting &amp; The Police	1	"Conceived at the time when Sting had just released his fifth solo effort, ""Mercury Falling"" (hence equalling his personal tally with the one of The Police), the album mixes a selection of Sting's Police-era songs with later hits recorded under his own name."
3488	0	The Wizard of Linn	2	One of those is Jerrin, Lord Advisor of the Linnan Empire.
3489	0	Football Canada	3	In 1909, Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, then Governor General of Canada, donated a trophy to the CRU to be awarded for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada.
3490	0	Digital Humanities Observatory	1	Through activities such as a DHO Summer School, practice-based workshops, seminars, symposia and consultations the DHO helped researchers in Ireland be aware of and stay current with developments in the creation, use, and preservation of digital resources.
3491	0	Propellerheads	5	"In November 1998 the song ""Bang On!"
3492	0	Lutterothstraße (Hamburg U-Bahn station)	1	The underground station was opened in May 1965 and is located in the Hamburg district of Eimsbüttel, Germany.
3493	0	Cotinis fuscopicea	1	"Cotinis fuscopicea is a species of ""Cotinis""."
3494	0	Delaware Route 23	3	A short distance later, DE 23 intersects US 9/DE 404 and turns east-northeast to join those two routes on the four-lane divided Lewes Georgetown Highway.
3495	0	Norfolk State–Old Dominion rivalry	1	The two schools are the only NCAA Division I schools in Norfolk, Virginia.
3496	0	Nina Ricci (brand)	5	In 1948, Robert came up with another fragrance, L’Air du Temps, the brand's most popular fragrance, which continues to be a top seller today.
3497	0	Timon Wellenreuther	12	He also excelled in tennis, golf and swimming.
3498	0	N52 road (Ireland)	1	The route forms a connection between the north east of Ireland and the mid west traversing the midlands.
3499	0	Virginia Tech Hokies football	41	Like the current rivalry between VMI and The Citadel, the match-up was referred to as the Military Classic of the South, due to the military heritage of both schools.
3500	0	Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar	13	A compass rose on the Indian side, included in Laura Fraser's models, does not appear on the issued coin, though the reason for the change is not known.
3501	0	2,3-dihydroxybenzoate—serine ligase	3	Other names in common use include N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-serine synthetase, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine synthetase.
3502	0	Châtellerault	11	Châtellerault is twinned with:
3503	0	The Wizard of Linn	1	"It was first published in book form in Germany in 1961 by Terra Sonderband, as ""Der Zauberer von Linn""."
3504	0	Little Dark Age	4	In November 2016, they drove to and began recording at Tarbox Road Studios in Cassadaga, New York with producer Dave Fridmann, who produced MGMT's debut album and 2013 self-titled album.
3505	0	12th Tennessee Infantry Regiment	1	Robert Porter Caldwell was the Major for the regiment.
3506	0	Mars Attacks!	11	"In 1985, Alex Cox pitched the idea of a film based on the ""Mars Attacks"" trading card series as a joint-production to Orion and Tristar Pictures."
3507	0	Sedgwick station (CTA)	2	The station was put into service in 1900 as part of Northwestern Elevated Railroad's initial route, and it is one of the oldest standing stations on the 'L'.
3508	0	McKesson Corporation	7	In 2010, McKesson acquired leading cancer services company US Oncology, Inc. for $2.16 billion, which was integrated into the McKesson Specialty Health business.
3509	0	2017 Men's Asia-Oceania Floorball Cup	3	Thailand became the first champions of the AOFC beating Singapore in the final.
3510	0	Sam Cooke	8	He founded both a record label and a publishing company as an extension of his careers as a singer and composer.
3511	0	Lord Forbes (1803 ship)	13	"Thereafter the owners of merchant vessels such as ""Lord Forbes"" proceeded to engage in private trade with India under a license from the EIC."
3512	0	Odezenne	2	The former is from Île-de-France, and the latter is from Milan.
3513	0	The Dreamscapes Project	6	It was during this period that the band also began to expand outside the DC area and become a more regional act.
3514	0	Andrew M. Soule	1	He served as the volunteer, co-head football coach with Horace W. South at Texas A&M University in 1896, compiling a record of 2–0–1.
3515	0	1973 John Player League	1	The 1973 John Player League was the fifth competing of what was generally known as the Sunday League.
3516	0	Tarrytown Light	12	Coal for refueling the furnace was dropped off by boat.
3517	0	Zaccio	5	The beginning was very hard with 4 straight defeats.
3518	0	Isocost	7	"If the ""y""-isoquant is smooth and convex to the origin and the cost-minimizing bundle involves a positive amount of each input, then at a cost-minimizing input bundle an isocost line is tangent to the ""y""-isoquant."
3519	0	Paleontology in Texas	3	Contemporary radiolarian fossils are also very common in the El Paso, Van Horn, and Marathon areas, and like the brachiopods, their fossils tend to be fragmentary.
3520	0	Transculturalism	3	Another source of transculturalism is the work of American and Russian critical thinker Mikhail Epstein, beginning in 1982, and later supported by Ellen Berry, Arianna Dagnino, Slobodanka Vladiv–Glover and others.
3521	0	Ohio State Route 553	4	From this intersection, it ends up being an uphill trend for the state highway for its entirety, as it climbs out of the Ohio River valley.
3522	0	Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry	16	In 1970, a British one, Triumph Trident, wins for the last time.
3523	0	Frank McKenna (RAF officer)	16	On 25 August 1954 McKenna was posted to Cyprus and appointed Assistant Provost Marshal.
3524	0	Stone skipping	5	Surface tension has very little to do with it.
3525	0	John Ralston (baritone)	1	John Morgan Ralston (ca.1882 – 17 April 1933) was an Australian baritone (or perhaps bass-baritone) singer noted for his work in musical comedies and Gilbert and Sullivan operas.
3526	0	HMS Tirade	4	The ship was built by Scotts at Greenock and was launched in April 1917.
3527	0	Jack Leveson	10	At representative level, Leveson played for Australia in 1909, New South Wales between 1908-1910 and Metropolis between 1908-1909.
3528	0	Paddy Waters	3	Waters retired from professional football in February 1958.
3529	0	Paul de Senneville	5	They started the group Pop Concerto Orchestra, on which Toussaint sang lead.
3530	0	Stephen Jones (rugby union)	11	In the championship decider against Ireland at the Millennium Stadium, he scored another 16 points and steered Wales to their first Grand Slam for 27 years.
3531	0	Aculepeira ceropegia	6	These orb-weaving spiders usually build a spiral vertical web close to the ground between herbaceous plants or on bushes at about 0.5-1.5 meters above ground level.
3532	0	The Dirt (film)	7	Heather divorces Tommy after he is caught having an affair with a porn star.
3533	0	Montague Egg	3	By occupation, Egg is a travelling salesman for an importer and distributor of fine wines and spirits (Wimsey is a well-known connoisseur of the same).
3534	0	Tyrus Thomas	7	He posted 21 points, 12 rebounds and 3 blocks in the second game of the season against the Philadelphia 76ers and went on to finish the season very strong in April with a 24-point performance against the Boston Celtics, a 20-point, 14-rebound performance against the Cleveland Cavaliers, and a 26-point performance in the season finale against the Toronto Raptors.
3535	0	Scarborough Shoal	7	When the Philippines was granted independence in the 19th century and 20th century, Scarborough Shoal was passed by the colonial governments to the sovereign Republic of the Philippines.
3536	0	Kaitangata, New Zealand	20	It was closed in 1970.
3537	0	History of guerrilla warfare	11	"In the Northeast, a New Hampshire backwoodsman, Robert Rogers, began to make a stir in the British military establishment for his success using the tactics of the ""little war""."
3538	0	Optical properties of carbon nanotubes	38	Efficient energy transfer occurs between the encapsulated dye and nanotube — light is efficiently absorbed by the dye and without significant loss is transferred to the SWNT.
3539	0	SS Newfoundland	3	"The company which owned ""Newfoundland"" had removed the ship's radio transceiver because it was an added expense which did not contribute to profits."
3540	0	Stick-Up!	1	Stick-Up!
3541	0	Vestas aircoil A/S	1	Since the turn of the century, Vestas aircoil has opened locations in the Far East and Southern Europe and continues to be a major supplier to engine builders and operators all over the world.
3542	0	James Dampier Palmer	6	A brass plate commemorating Palmer's donations to the parish, including chancel screen, choir seats, choir screens, the lectern, and the pulpit, is located at the Parish Church of St. Mildred in Tenterden.
3543	0	Big Ten Conference football individual awards	13	Award started in 2011, named in honor of Ohio State's Jack Tatum and Purdue's Rod Woodson.
3544	0	Maria Saal	4	"S. Maria ad Carantanum"" was first mentioned in an 860 deed, probably a smallish wooden church that has vanished long since."
3545	0	Scott Morgan (musician)	5	Rock Action was followed up in 1996 with the record Revolutionary Means in 1996.
3546	0	2018 FIA Formula 2 Championship	2	The season saw the introduction of a brand new chassis and engine package, the biggest change in the sport's history.
3547	0	Möbius ladder	1	Möbius ladders were named and first studied by .
3548	0	Matron Stakes	1	Matron Stakes may refer to:
3549	0	Carl Zeiss AG	36	"More recent 35mm rangefinder cameras are simply named ""Zeiss Ikon."
3550	0	Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)	7	"In 1994, Alexia Vassiliou covered the song in the live album from Sony BMG ""Horis Revma""."
3551	0	United States Post Office and Courthouse (New Bern, North Carolina)	10	The First Printing Press (1749) shows a representation of the earliest press in North Carolina and also illustrates Baron von Graffenried, the founder of New Bern, recruiting settlers to accompany him to the New World.
3552	0	William Sanders (statistician)	4	He died on 16 March 2017 at the age of 74.
3553	0	Mariss Jansons	12	The marriage ended during his tenure in Oslo.
3554	0	James V. Forrestal Building	5	The MOU stated that 10th Street would be used as an esplanade — a use which would be denied if 10th Street were blocked off at its northern end by a large museum building.
3555	0	Benjamin Miles &quot;C-Note&quot; Franklin	11	As one of the Fox River Eight escapees, C-Note's main specialty revolves around being able to smuggle any random material in and out of any given territory.
3556	0	Manhattan Cafe	5	The outsider Meiner Despot took the lead from the start and set a slow pace with Ebina positioning Manhattan Cafe behind the leaders on the inside.
3557	0	Paleontology in Texas	6	"Baylor County and nearby regions also preserve ""Dimetrodon"" and ""Edaphosaurus""."
3558	0	Mystique (comics)	9	His infertility adds to their marital problems.
3559	0	Sydney Comedy Festival	4	The Sydney Comedy Festival produces the following current special events:
3560	0	Damita Jo (album)	41	"Actress Lindsay Lohan said she remained fit while filming ""Mean Girls"" by dancing to Jackson's ""Damita Jo"" album."
3561	0	Fiat 131	4	The engines were all inline-four types, derived from those used in the outgoing 124 range, with a cast iron cylinder block and aluminium alloy cylinder head.
3562	0	Almora	11	The month with the least precipitation on average is November with an average of .
3563	0	Laodice I	6	In 252 BC after the Second Syrian War, Antiochus II was obliged to make peace with the Egyptian Greek Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
3564	0	Stephen Jones (rugby union)	7	Jones ended speculation over his future by signing a new three-year contract with the Scarlets.
3565	0	Helen Rollason	5	During her second year at the college she spent a term as an exchange student at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
3566	0	The Dirt (film)	6	He fires McGhee for bringing Deana to visit him.
3567	0	Osrblie	3	It had a population of 391 inhabitants on 31 December 2013.
3568	0	Nina Ricci (brand)	7	In the early 1960s, a couturier from Melbourne Australia, Elvie Hill, secured a contract to reproduce Nina Ricci for the local Australian market.
3569	0	A Home on the Range	8	Other reviews praised it for being a through and entertaining documentary that raises issues that are still relevant in Jewish American society today.
3570	0	German Renaissance	7	Most leading German artists became Protestants, but this deprived them of painting most religious works, previously the mainstay of artists' revenue.
3571	0	Hasmig Belleli	6	Belleli supported Mayor Bourque's successful campaign to create a single municipal administration for the Island of Montreal.
3572	0	Andreas Kofler	3	Two days later, he came in second place in the team competition.
3573	0	Solitude	8	Arguably the most interesting of these alternative views comes from Fong's chapter on how solitude is more than just a personal trajectory for one to take inventory on life; it also yields a variety of important sociological cues that allow the protagonist to navigate through society, even highly politicized societies.
3574	0	Treaty of Bucharest (1916)	9	On that day, Romania declared war on Austria-Hungary, and launched three armies of 440,000 men the same night across the passes of the Southern and Eastern Carpathians.
3575	0	Regulation of acupuncture	7	At least 28 countries in Europe have professional associations for acupuncturists.
3576	0	Hal Hartley	8	"Hartley achieved his greatest commercial and critical success with his next feature, ""Henry Fool"" (1997), a darkly comic drama about a near-catatonic garbageman, Simon Grim (James Urbaniak), and his sister Fay (Parker Posey), who meet Henry Fool (Thomas Jay Ryan), a libertine and aspiring novelist who inspires Simon to write and seduces Fay and her depressed mother (Maria Porter)."
3577	0	Marko Đorđević (footballer)	2	In November 2014, Đorđević signed for Auckland City.
3578	0	Shali Shal	1	Shali Shal (, also Romanized as Shālī Shal) is a village in Kani Shirin Rural District, Karaftu District, Divandarreh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran.
3579	0	CAAL Racing	4	Scoring five more podium finishes Ferrara finished third in the series standings.
3580	0	Secretary for Justice v Yau Yuk Lung Zigo	3	The Government then appealed to the Court of Appeal.
3581	0	Johnsonville, New Zealand	9	The population grew from 143 in 1874 to 206 in 1878 and 438 (in 83 dwellings) in 1897.
3582	0	Deitre Collins	1	She competed in the women's tournament at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
3583	0	James V. Forrestal Building	16	The purpose of the span was to improve employee circulation.
3584	0	Michael F. Shlesinger	3	Annapolis, United States.
3585	0	The Dreamscapes Project	5	Bizzell and Griffith left the band and were replaced by Dave Clark on drums and Ben Guy on cello.
3586	0	Joseph Bodurin Daudu	3	He began his law career in 1980, the same year he was called to the bar.
3587	0	Helen Rollason	4	Raised in a family where she was the second of three children, she spent her childhood in Northamptonshire and Bath.
3588	0	Wang Gungwu	3	In 2007, Wang became the third person to be named University Professor by the National University of Singapore.
3589	0	Antipope Constantine II	9	Swearing an oath to that effect, they were allowed to depart around 10 April 768.
3590	0	South West Conference	1	The conference comprises schools in Fairfield County, Litchfield County, and New Haven County
3591	0	The Color of Time	1	It stars James Franco, Henry Hopper, Mila Kunis, Jessica Chastain and Zach Braff.
3592	0	Carl Zeiss AG	30	Zeiss will again provide optics for Nokia products through a collaboration with HMD Global announced on 6 July 2017.
3593	0	Drawing Restraint 9	10	The sliding door to the tea room is pulled ajar and the two Guests look searchingly at each other to decide how to proceed.
3594	0	William Murray (bishop)	2	He was translated to Llandaff on 24 December 1627.
3595	0	Substitution model	12	The analysis below assumes a stationary model.
3596	0	Foreign Policy Association	25	"The ""Off-the-Record Lecture Series"" (OTR) is an independent lecture series affiliated with the Foreign Policy Association."
3597	0	Sophronica aurescens	1	Sophronica aurescens is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
3598	0	Aorangia	1	Aorangia is a genus of South Pacific sheetweb spiders first described by Raymond Robert Forster & C. L. Wilton in 1973.
3599	0	Pawel Jedrzejczyk	10	On 24 May 2015 he won against F16 Rajanont in Pattaya at Max Muay Thai event.
3600	0	Charlton Comics	23	Charlton's black-and-white comics magazines were based upon current television series and aimed at older readers.
3601	0	Callistus I of Constantinople	1	Kallistos I was an Athonite monk and supporter of Gregory Palamas.
3602	0	Helen Rollason	3	Rollason's television career also helped to open up the way for other women to enter the world of sports broadcasting, with presenters such as Sue Barker and Gabby Logan following in her footsteps.
3603	0	Joe Rohde	8	Most recently, Rohde led the team that transformed the former Tower of Terror at Disney California Adventure into .
3604	0	Leonardo Bruni	5	As a humanist Bruni was essential in translating into Latin many works of Greek philosophy and history, such as Aristotle and Procopius.
3605	0	Mareham le Fen	8	This ward stretches south west to Coningsby with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 2,123.
3606	0	McKesson Corporation	22	McKesson acquired Health Mart owner FoxMeyer in October 1996.
3607	0	Blek	3	The object is to draw a line that it will remove colored dot targets when it repeats across the screen without hitting a black dot.
3608	0	Graffiti Bridge (album)	5	"The title track (from 1987) was updated for the album as well as ""Elephants & Flowers"" (from the 1988 unreleased ""Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic"" album) and ""The Latest Fashion"" (later given to The Time for ""Corporate World"" album)."
3609	0	Kit Pedler	3	Hired by Innes Lloyd to inject more hard science into the stories, Pedler formed a particular writing partnership with Gerry Davis, the programme's story editor.
3610	0	Kōmei Bijin Rokkasen	9	She wears an ornate hairpin with a paulownia blossom in it and her clothing is patterned with stylized ivy, both symbols associated with O-Kita.
3611	0	Arion (comics)	15	He was powerful enough to have defeated Etrigan, Wonder Woman and was a considerable threat to Superman, whom needed the assistance of Phantom Stranger's magic to counter his own and enable him to defeat him.
3612	0	Hoshen (organization)	2	Hoshen offers; educational activities, theoretical lectures, workshops and seminars.
3613	0	Exarch	21	This is not to be confused with the autocephalous Catholicate of the East, which is also located in India.
3614	0	James Dampier Palmer	3	He was later appointed Honorary Colonel of the 3rd Volunteer (Kent) Brigade, Cinque Ports Division, Royal Artillery.
3615	0	Omoljica	4	Local authorities tried to expand the facility through the Ministry of National Investment Plan, including the building of the small hotel, but the state wasn't interested to invest.
3616	0	Colonel March Investigates	3	(It was broadcast from February 1, 1956 through April 1, 1957, which included a number of re-run episodes.)
3617	0	Spasmo	13	"Spasmo"" was released in Italy on February 16, 1974."